ParE is the toxin family of a type II toxin-antitoxin family. It is toxic towards DNA gyrase, but is neutralised by the antitoxin ParD. The family also encompasses RelE/ParE described in [2].

1: Definition of a minimal plasmid stabilization system from the broad-host-range plasmid RK2. Roberts RC, Helinski DR; J Bacteriol 1992;174:8119-8132. PMID:1459960

2: New connections in the prokaryotic toxin-antitoxin network: relationship with the eukaryotic nonsense-mediated RNA decay system. Anantharaman V, Aravind L; Genome Biol 2003;4:R81. PMID:14659018

3: Interaction specificity, toxicity and regulation of a paralogous set of ParE/RelE-family toxin-antitoxin systems. Fiebig A, Castro Rojas CM, Siegal-Gaskins D, Crosson S; Mol Microbiol. 2010;77:236-251. PMID:20487277