This family consists of several avirulence D (AvrD) proteins primarily found in Pseudomonas syringae [1,2].

1: Identification of a pathogenicity island, which contains genes for virulence and avirulence, on a large native plasmid in the bean pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pathovar phaseolicola. Jackson RW, Athanassopoulos E, Tsiamis G, Mansfield JW, Sesma A, Arnold DL, Gibbon MJ, Murillo J, Taylor JD, Vivian A; Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1999;96:10875-10880. PMID:10485919

2: Avirulence gene D of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato may have undergone horizontal gene transfer. Hanekamp T, Kobayashi D, Hayes S, Stayton MM; FEBS Lett 1997;415:40-44. PMID:9326365