This family consists of several ATP synthase D chain, mitochondrial (ATP5H) proteins. Subunit d has no extensive hydrophobic sequences, and is not apparently related to any subunit described in the simpler ATP synthases in bacteria and chloroplasts [1,2].

1: ATP synthase from bovine mitochondria. The characterization and sequence analysis of two membrane-associated sub-units and of the corresponding cDNAs. Walker JE, Runswick MJ, Poulter L; J Mol Biol 1987;197:89-100. PMID:2890767

2: The complete amino acid sequence of subunit d of rat liver mitochondrial H(+)-ATP synthase. Higuti T, Kuroiwa K, Miyazaki S, Yoshihara Y, Toda H, Kakuno T, Sakiyama F; J Biochem (Tokyo) 1993;114:714-717. PMID:7509337