Toll-like receptor (TLR) 3 is an endosomal TLR that mediates immune responses against viral infections upon activation by its ligand double-stranded RNA, a replication intermediate of most viruses. TLR3 is expressed widely in the body and activates both the innate and adaptive immune systems [1]. This entry represents the Toll-like receptor 3 trans-membrane domain which has been shown to form dimers and trimers with different surfaces for helix-helix interaction [2].

1: Cleavage of Toll-like receptor 3 by cathepsins B and H is essential for signaling. Garcia-Cattaneo A, Gobert FX, Muller M, Toscano F, Flores M, Lescure A, Del Nery E, Benaroch P; Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012;109:9053-9058. PMID:22611194

2: Toll-like receptor 3 transmembrane domain is able to perform various homotypic interactions: an NMR structural study. Mineev KS, Goncharuk SA, Arseniev AS; FEBS Lett. 2014;588:3802-3807. PMID:25217833