NESdb

Galectin-3 UniProt

Galactose-specific lectin 3 Mac-2 antigen IgE-binding protein 35 kDa lectin Carbohydrate-binding protein 35 Short name=CBP 35 Laminin-binding protein Lectin L-29 L-34 galactoside-binding lectin

Mus musculus (Mouse)

LMB Sensitive ^{Ref.1Transport of galectin-3 between the nucleus and cytoplasm. I. Conditions and signals for nuclear import., Davidson et al., Glycobiology, 2006}

*highlighted yellow in the full sequence

I245A/L248A, L248A/I250A ^{Ref.1Transport of galectin-3 between the nucleus and cytoplasm. I. Conditions and signals for nuclear import., Davidson et al., Glycobiology, 2006}

Unknown

*shown as underlined residues in the full sequence

²⁴¹NLREISQLGISGDITL²⁵⁶ ^{Ref.1Transport of galectin-3 between the nucleus and cytoplasm. I. Conditions and signals for nuclear import., Davidson et al., Glycobiology, 2006}

α-helix (residues 241-246) followed by an extended conformation (residues 247-249), and β-strand (250-256); This is inferred from the 3D structure of the human Gal3 (1KJR)

Unknown

Show FASTA Format

>gi|126679|sp|P16110.3|LEG3_MOUSE RecName: Full=Galectin-3; Short=Gal-3; AltName: Full=35 kDa lectin; AltName: Full=Carbohydrate-binding protein 35; Short=CBP 35; AltName: Full=Galactose-specific lectin 3; AltName: Full=IgE-binding protein; AltName: Full=L-34 galactoside-binding lectin; AltName: Full=Laminin-binding protein; AltName: Full=Lectin L-29; AltName: Full=Mac-2 antigen
MADSFSLNDALAGSGNPNPQGYPGAWGNQPGAGGYPGAAYPGAYPGQAPPGAYPGQAPPGAYPGQAPPSA
YPGPTAPGAYPGPTAPGAYPGQPAPGAFPGQPGAPGAYPQCSGGYPAAGPYGVPAGPLTVPYDLPLPGGV
MPRMLITIMGTVKPNANRIVLDFRRGNDVAFHFNPRFNENNRRVIVCNTKQDNNWGKEERQSAFPFESGK
PFKIQVLVEADHFKVAVNDAHLLQYNHRMKNLREISQLGISGDITLTSANHAMI

Show Domain Info by CDD

Show Secondary Structure by PSIPRED

    	# PSIPRED HFORMAT (PSIPRED V3.2)

Conf: 988787210248999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999
Pred: CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
  AA: MADSFSLNDALAGSGNPNPQGYPGAWGNQPGAGGYPGAAYPGAYPGQAPPGAYPGQAPPG
              10        20        30        40        50        60


Conf: 999999999999999999999899999999999999999999999999999999999999
Pred: CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
  AA: AYPGQAPPSAYPGPTAPGAYPGPTAPGAYPGQPAPGAFPGQPGAPGAYPQCSGGYPAAGP
              70        80        90       100       110       120


Conf: 999999986641246899987992899997969999844898452696378748677999
Pred: CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCEEEEEEEECCCCCCEEEEEEECCCEEEEECCCCCCC
  AA: YGVPAGPLTVPYDLPLPGGVMPRMLITIMGTVKPNANRIVLDFRRGNDVAFHFNPRFNEN
             130       140       150       160       170       180


Conf: 971799437889955310013699999999848999984992199978923012205888
Pred: CCCEEEECCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCEEEEEEECCCEEEEEECCEEEEEECCCCC
  AA: NRRVIVCNTKQDNNWGKEERQSAFPFESGKPFKIQVLVEADHFKVAVNDAHLLQYNHRMK
             190       200       210       220       230       240


Conf: 988844499914579969885529
Pred: CCCCCCEEEEECCEEEEEEEEEEC
  AA: NLREISQLGISGDITLTSANHAMI
             250       260

Show Conservation Score by AL2CO

1     M      -1.000    *
2     A      -1.000    *
3     D      -1.000    *
4     S      -1.000    *
5     F      -1.000    *
6     S      -1.000    *
7     L      -1.000    *
8     N      -1.000    *
9     D      -1.000    *
10    A      -1.000    *
11    L      -1.000    *
12    A      -1.000    *
13    G      -1.000    *
14    S      -1.000    *
15    G      -1.000    *
16    N      -1.000    *
17    P      -1.000    *
18    N      -1.000    *
19    P      -1.000    *
20    Q      -1.000    *
21    G      -1.000    *
22    Y      -1.000    *
23    P      -1.000    *
24    G      -1.000    *
25    A      -1.000    *
26    W      -1.000    *
27    G      -1.000    *
28    N      -1.000    *
29    Q      -1.000    *
30    P      -1.000    *
31    G      -1.000    *
32    A      -1.000    *
33    G      -1.000    *
34    G      -1.000    *
35    Y      -1.000    *
36    P      -1.000    *
37    G      -1.000    *
38    A      -1.000    *
39    A      -1.000    *
40    Y      -1.000    *
41    P      -1.000    *
42    G      -1.000    *
43    A      -1.000    *
44    Y      -1.000    *
45    P      -1.000    *
46    G      -1.000    *
47    Q      -1.000    *
48    A      -1.000    *
49    P      -1.000    *
50    P      -1.000    *
51    G      -1.000    *
52    A      -1.000    *
53    Y      -1.000    *
54    P      -1.000    *
55    G      -1.000    *
56    Q      -1.000    *
57    A      -1.000    *
58    P      -1.000    *
59    P      -1.000    *
60    G      -1.000    *
61    A      -1.000    *
62    Y      -1.000    *
63    P      -1.000    *
64    G      -1.000    *
65    Q      -1.000    *
66    A      -1.000    *
67    P      -1.000    *
68    P      -1.000    *
69    S      -1.000    *
70    A      -1.000    *
71    Y      -1.000    *
72    P      -1.000    *
73    G      -1.000    *
74    P      -1.000    *
75    T      -1.000    *
76    A      -1.000    *
77    P      -1.000    *
78    G      -1.000    *
79    A      -1.000    *
80    Y      -1.000    *
81    P      -1.000    *
82    G      -1.000    *
83    P      -1.000    *
84    T      -1.000    *
85    A      -1.000    *
86    P      -1.000    *
87    G      -1.000    *
88    A      -1.000    *
89    Y      -1.000    *
90    P      -1.000    *
91    G      -1.000    *
92    Q      -1.000    *
93    P      -1.000    *
94    A      -1.000    *
95    P      -1.000    *
96    G      -1.000    *
97    A      -1.000    *
98    F      -1.000    *
99    P      -1.000    *
100   G      -1.000    *
101   Q      -1.000    *
102   P      -1.000    *
103   G      -1.000    *
104   A      -1.000    *
105   P      -1.000    *
106   G      -1.000    *
107   A      -1.000    *
108   Y      -1.000    *
109   P      -1.000    *
110   Q      -1.000    *
111   C      -1.000    *
112   S      -1.000    *
113   G      -1.000    *
114   G      -0.813
115   Y      -1.210
116   P      -0.539
117   A      -0.850
118   A      -1.138
119   G      -1.248
120   P      -1.152
121   Y      -0.978
122   G      -0.894
123   V      -1.056
124   P      -0.910
125   A      -1.169
126   G      -1.142
127   P      -0.890
128   L      -0.783
129   T      -0.813
130   V       0.205
131   P       1.301
132   Y       0.974
133   D      -1.069
134   L      -0.876
135   P      -1.003
136   L       0.817
137   P      -0.891
138   G      -0.696
139   G       0.278
140   V       0.265
141   M      -1.218
142   P      -0.522
143   R      -0.224
144   M      -0.477
145   L      -0.729
146   I       1.063
147   T      -0.303
148   I       1.574
149   M      -0.609
150   G       1.911
151   T      -0.950
152   V       0.352
153   K      -0.799
154   P      -1.011
155   N      -0.848
156   A      -0.182
157   N      -0.404
158   R      -0.129
159   I       1.483
160   V      -0.864
161   L       1.264
162   D       1.329
163   F       1.712
164   R      -0.887
165   R      -0.859
166   G      -0.226
167   N      -0.646
168   D       0.670
169   V       0.481
170   A       1.178
171   F       0.721
172   H       0.850
173   F       0.639
174   N       0.622
175   P       1.083
176   R       1.082
177   F       0.503
178   N      -0.683
179   E      -0.190
180   N      -0.727
181   N      -0.436
182   R      -1.000    *
183   R      -0.187
184   V      -0.495
185   I       1.366
186   V       1.028
187   C       0.479
188   N       2.246
189   T       1.048
190   K      -0.492
191   Q      -0.671
192   D      -0.717
193   N       0.026
194   N      -0.965
195   W       3.072
196   G       1.401
197   K      -0.915
198   E       1.827
199   E       0.747
200   R       0.175
201   Q      -1.016
202   S      -1.099
203   A      -1.158
204   F       0.035
205   P       0.424
206   F       1.616
207   E      -1.070
208   S      -0.688
209   G      -0.066
210   K      -0.773
211   P      -0.520
212   F       2.723
213   K      -0.395
214   I       1.095
215   Q      -0.819
216   V       0.851
217   L      -0.724
218   V       0.423
219   E      -0.517
220   A      -0.993
221   D      -0.670
222   H      -0.895
223   F       0.829
224   K       0.208
225   V       1.501
226   A      -0.600
227   V       0.433
228   N       1.913
229   D       0.283
230   A      -0.914
231   H      -0.493
232   L      -0.286
233   L      -0.164
234   Q      -0.402
235   Y       1.903
236   N      -1.053
237   H       1.236
238   R       2.432
239   M      -0.055
240   K      -0.591
241   N      -0.734
242   L       0.463
243   R      -0.674
244   E      -0.836
245   I       1.389
246   S       0.056
247   Q      -0.839
248   L       1.243
249   G      -0.787
250   I       1.393
251   S      -1.002
252   G       1.082
253   D      -0.373
254   I       1.131
255   T      -0.886
256   L       1.615
257   T      -0.768
258   S      -0.898
259   A       0.867
260   N      -0.671
261   H       0.001
262   A      -1.000    *
263   M      -1.000    *
264   I      -1.000    *
* gap fraction no less than  0.50; conservation set to M-S
  M: mean;  S: standard deviation

al2co - The parameters are:

Input alignment file - 128.paln
Output conservation - STDOUT
Weighting scheme - independent-count based
Conservation calculation method - entropy-based
Window size - 1
Conservation normalized to zero mean and unity variance
Gap fraction to suppress calculation -  0.50

        10         20         30         40         50         60 MADSFSLNDA LAGSGNPNPQ GYPGAWGNQP GAGGYPGAAY PGAYPGQAPP GAYPGQAPPG 
        70         80         90        100        110        120 AYPGQAPPSA YPGPTAPGAY PGPTAPGAYP GSTAPGAFPG QPGAPGAYPS APGGYPAAGP 
       130        140        150        160        170        180 YGVPAGPLTV PYDLPLPGGV MPRMLITIMG TVKPNANRIV LDFRRGNDVA FHFNPRFNEN 
       190        200        210        220        230        240 NRRVIVCNTK QDNNWGKEER QSAFPFESGK PFKIQVLVEA DHFKVAVNDA HLLQYNHRMK 
       250        260                                             
NLREISQLGI SGDITLTSAN HAMI

1A3K (X-Ray,2.10 Å resolution)
1KJL (X-Ray,1.40 Å resolution)
2NMO (X-Ray,1.35 Å resolution)
2XG3 (X-Ray,1.20 Å resolution)

Gal3 belongs to a family of proteins that bind to β-galactoside-containing glycoconjugates. This family of proteins contain characteristic aa sequences in the carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD). Gal3 shuttles between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. When in the nucleus, it functions as a splicing factor. Gal3 can be phosphorylated at Ser6 in response to apoptotic insults. The phosphorylated Gal3 is then exported to the cytoplasm and protects the cells from apoptosis. The NLS of Gal3 was mapped to the C-terminal and consists of IXLT motif. The NES of Gal3 was proposed to be near this NLS and can function in the Rev(1.4) vector.
Doubts about NES: The proposed NES failed to bind CRM1 in GST-pulldown assay (Chook Lab, unpublished results). when in the context of Gal3, mutation of two hydrophobic residues (L247 and I249) resulted in increased cytoplasmic presence. This may be due to the fact that this kind of mutation negatively impacts nuclear import since the two signals are very close. Single mutation at L247 did increase nuclear localization. Based on the structure of human Gal3, the NES is buried between β motifs. The phosphorylation at Ser 6 may cause global conformational change to expose the NES.

[1]. "Transport of galectin-3 between the nucleus and cytoplasm. I. Conditions and signals for nuclear import."
Davidson PJ, Li SY, Lohse AG, Vandergaast R, Verde E, Pearson A, Patterson RJ, Wang JL, Arnoys EJ (2006) Glycobiology, 16:602-11 PubMed

Accurate identification of NESs is difficult because many sequences in the genome match the NES consensus. Therefore, some published NESs may be mistakenly identified. Please help us improve the accuracy of NESdb by providing either a positive or negative flag for the NES in this entry. Supporting comments are required to process the flag.

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