Summary for Actin (NES ID: 14)

Full Name
Actin     UniProt    
Alternative Names
None
Organism
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Baker's yeast)    
Experimental Evidence for CRM1-mediated Export
LMB Sensitive Ref.1Nuclear export of actin: a novel mechanism regulating the subcellular localization of a major cytoskeletal protein, Wada et al., EMBO J, 1998
Mutations That Affect Nuclear Export
*highlighted yellow in the full sequence
I178A/L180A, V219A/L221A Ref.1Nuclear export of actin: a novel mechanism regulating the subcellular localization of a major cytoskeletal protein, Wada et al., EMBO J, 1998
Mutations That Affect CRM1 Binding
Unknown
Functional Export Signals
*shown as underlined residues in the full sequence
170SLPHAILRIDLA181, 211DIKEKLCYVALD222 Ref.1Nuclear export of actin: a novel mechanism regulating the subcellular localization of a major cytoskeletal protein, Wada et al., EMBO J, 1998
Secondary Structure of Export Signal
For NES1: α-helix (residues 172-174) and β-strand (residues 176-179).
For NES2: α-helix (residues 203-216)
Other Residues Important for Export
Unknown
Sequence
Show FASTA Format Show Domain Info by CDD Show Secondary Structure by PSIPRED Show Conservation Score by AL2CO 
        10         20         30         40         50         60 
MDSEVAALVI DNGSGMCKAG FAGDDAPRAV FPSIVGRPRH QGIMVGMGQK DSYVGDEAQS 

        70         80         90        100        110        120 
KRGILTLRYP IEHGIVTNWD DMEKIWHHTF YNELRVAPEE HPVLLTEAPM NPKSNREKMT 

       130        140        150        160        170        180 
QIMFETFNVP AFYVSIQAVL SLYSSGRTTG IVLDSGDGVT HVVPIYAGFS LPHAILRIDL 

       190        200        210        220        230        240 
AGRDLTDYLM KILSERGYSF STTAEREIVR DIKEKLCYVA LDFEQEMQTA AQSSSIEKSY 

       250        260        270        280        290        300 
ELPDGQVITI GNERFRAPEA LFHPSVLGLE SAGIDQTTYN SIMKCDVDVR KELYGNIVMS 

       310        320        330        340        350        360 
GGTTMFPGIA ERMQKEITAL APSSMKVKII APPERKYSVW IGGSILASLT TFQQMWISKQ 

       370                                                        
EYDESGPSIV HHKCF
3D Structures in PDB
1ATN (X-Ray,2.80 Å resolution)
1YAG (X-Ray,1.90 Å resolution)
1YVN (X-Ray,2.10 Å resolution)
2BTF (X-Ray,2.55 Å resolution)
Comments
Actin is an essential part of eukaryotic cells, regulating cell morphology, mobility, and cell growth, etc. Despite its small size, actin is almost exclusively in cytoplasm. Nuclear translocation of actin under certain stresses is reversible. Wada et al. demonstrated that there are two NESs in actin. They direct the cytoplasmic localization of actin. Both NES signals are functional independently as shown by micro-injection. LMB can induce nuclear accumulation.
Doubts about NESs: Neither proposed NES is accessible in the PDB. Bohnsack et al. showed that actin was exported using Exportin 6. Ref.2A selective block of nuclear actin export stabilizes the giant nuclei of Xenopus oocytes, Bohnsack et al., Nat Cell Biol, 2006
References
[1]. "Nuclear export of actin: a novel mechanism regulating the subcellular localization of a major cytoskeletal protein"
Wada, A., Fukuda, M., Mishima, M., Nishida, E.. (1998) EMBO J, 17:1635-1641 PubMed
[2]. "A selective block of nuclear actin export stabilizes the giant nuclei of Xenopus oocytes"
Bohnsack MT, Stven T, Kuhn C, Cordes VC, Grlich D. (2006) Nat Cell Biol, 8:257-63 PubMed
User Input
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