Summary for STAT1 (NES ID: 27)

Full Name
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 1-alpha/beta     UniProt    
Alternative Names
Transcription factor ISGF-3 components p91/p84   
Organism
Homo sapiens (Human)    
Experimental Evidence for CRM1-mediated Export
LMB Sensitive,  Binds CRM1 Ref.1Regulation of STAT1 nuclear export by Jak1, Mowen et al., Mol Cell Biol, 2000 Ref.2Nuclear export signal located within theDNA-binding domain of the STAT1transcription factor, McBride et al., EMBO J, 2000 Ref.3Nucleocytoplasmic translocation of Stat1 is regulated by a leucine-rich export signal in the coiled-coil domain, Begitt et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci, 2000
Mutations That Affect Nuclear Export
*highlighted yellow in the full sequence
L199A, L308A, L308A/F309A/L312A/I313A, L400A/F404S/L407A/L409A Ref.1Regulation of STAT1 nuclear export by Jak1, Mowen et al., Mol Cell Biol, 2000 Ref.2Nuclear export signal located within theDNA-binding domain of the STAT1transcription factor, McBride et al., EMBO J, 2000 Ref.3Nucleocytoplasmic translocation of Stat1 is regulated by a leucine-rich export signal in the coiled-coil domain, Begitt et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci, 2000
Mutations That Affect CRM1 Binding
Unknown
Functional Export Signals
*shown as underlined residues in the full sequence
197LLLKKMYLM205, 302WDRTFSLFQQLIQ314, 392MEESTNGSLAAEFRHLQLKEQK413 Ref.1Regulation of STAT1 nuclear export by Jak1, Mowen et al., Mol Cell Biol, 2000 Ref.2Nuclear export signal located within theDNA-binding domain of the STAT1transcription factor, McBride et al., EMBO J, 2000 Ref.3Nucleocytoplasmic translocation of Stat1 is regulated by a leucine-rich export signal in the coiled-coil domain, Begitt et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci, 2000
Secondary Structure of Export Signal
α-helix (residues 198-205)
α-helix (residues 293-316)
coil (residues 391-399), followed by β-strand (residues 400-404), and followed by coil (residues 405-413)
Other Residues Important for Export
Unknown
Sequence
Show FASTA Format Show Domain Info by CDD Show Secondary Structure by PSIPRED Show Conservation Score by AL2CO 
        10         20         30         40         50         60 
MSQWYELQQL DSKFLEQVHQ LYDDSFPMEI RQYLAQWLEK QDWEHAANDV SFATIRFHDL 

        70         80         90        100        110        120 
LSQLDDQYSR FSLENNFLLQ HNIRKSKRNL QDNFQEDPIQ MSMIIYSCLK EERKILENAQ 

       130        140        150        160        170        180 
RFNQAQSGNI QSTVMLDKQK ELDSKVRNVK DKVMCIEHEI KSLEDLQDEY DFKCKTLQNR 

       190        200        210        220        230        240 
EHETNGVAKS DQKQEQLLLK KMYLMLDNKR KEVVHKIIEL LNVTELTQNA LINDELVEWK 

       250        260        270        280        290        300 
RRQQSACIGG PPNACLDQLQ NWFTIVAESL QQVRQQLKKL EELEQKYTYE HDPITKNKQV 

       310        320        330        340        350        360 
LWDRTFSLFQ QLIQSSFVVE RQPCMPTHPQ RPLVLKTGVQ FTVKLRLLVK LQELNYNLKV 

       370        380        390        400        410        420 
KVLFDKDVNE RNTVKGFRKF NILGTHTKVM NMEESTNGSL AAEFRHLQLK EQKNAGTRTN 

       430        440        450        460        470        480 
EGPLIVTEEL HSLSFETQLC QPGLVIDLET TSLPVVVISN VSQLPSGWAS ILWYNMLVAE 

       490        500        510        520        530        540 
PRNLSFFLTP PCARWAQLSE VLSWQFSSVT KRGLNVDQLN MLGEKLLGPN ASPDGLIPWT 

       550        560        570        580        590        600 
RFCKENINDK NFPFWLWIES ILELIKKHLL PLWNDGCIMG FISKERERAL LKDQQPGTFL 

       610        620        630        640        650        660 
LRFSESSREG AITFTWVERS QNGGEPDFHA VEPYTKKELS AVTFPDIIRN YKVMAAENIP 

       670        680        690        700        710        720 
ENPLKYLYPN IDKDHAFGKY YSRPKEAPEP MELDGPKGTG YIKTELISVS EVHPSRLQTT 

       730        740        750                                  
DNLLPMSPEE FDEVSRIVGS VEFDSMMNTV
3D Structures in PDB
1BF5 (X-Ray,2.9 Å resolution)
1YVL (X-Ray,3.0 Å resolution)
Comments
STAT1 mediates gene expression in response to cytokines (like IFN) and growth factors, which bind to cell-surface receptors and initiate a series of tyrosine phosphorylation events carried out by Jaks. Latent STAT1 is located in the cytoplasm, and is not sensitive to LMB, indicating the lack of constitutive NLS. However, upon activation, STAT1 dimerizes through the SH2 domain and the phophorylated tyrosine residue. This presumably introduce a conformational change and forms a NLS. Consequently, STAT1 translocates to the nucleus (likely through interaction with importin α5), binds to DNA, and activates transcription. The prompt removal of STAT1 from the nucleus is believed to go through the CRM1-dependent export pathway. Three putative NESs have been identified. NES(392-413) is located in the DNA binding region. This particular NES is not accessible when STAT1 is bound to DNA. After STAT1 is dephosphorylated in the nucleus by protein tyrosine phosphatases, STAT1 dissociates from its DNA targets, exposing the NES. Subsequently, STAT1 is exported out of the nucleus in LMB-sensitive manner. The other two NES can autonomously export GFP.
Doubt that the two N-terminal NESs: McBride et al. reported that aa 1-369 failed to bind CRM1 in vitro. NES(302-314) may not be able to bind to CRM1 because it is in the middle of a longer α-helix. In addition, Bhattacharya et al. showed that in STAT3, the peptide aligned with the proposed NES(197-205) failed to show export activity in the Rev reporter system. Ref.4The ins and outs of STAT1 nuclear transport, McBride et al., Sci. STKE, 2003 Ref.5Regulation of Stat3 nuclear export, Bhattacharya et al., J. Clin. Invest., 2003
References
[1]. "Regulation of STAT1 nuclear export by Jak1"
Mowen, K., David, M. (2000) Mol Cell Biol, 20:7273-7281 PubMed
[2]. "Nuclear export signal located within theDNA-binding domain of the STAT1transcription factor"
McBride KM, McDonald C, Reich NC. (2000) EMBO J, 19:6169-6106 PubMed
[3]. "Nucleocytoplasmic translocation of Stat1 is regulated by a leucine-rich export signal in the coiled-coil domain"
Begitt A, Meyer T, van Rossum M, Vinkemeier U. (2000) Proc Natl Acad Sci, 97:10418-10423 PubMed
[4]. "The ins and outs of STAT1 nuclear transport"
McBride KM, Reich NC (2003) Sci. STKE, 2003:RE13 PubMed
[5]. "Regulation of Stat3 nuclear export"
Bhattacharya S, Schindler C. (2003) J. Clin. Invest., 111:553-559 PubMed
User Input
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