Summary for Tubulin (NES ID: 326)

Full Name
alpha-tubulin, beta-tubulin     UniProt    
Alternative Names
None
Organism
Arabidopsis thaliana    
Experimental Evidence for CRM1-mediated Export
Unknown
Mutations That Affect Nuclear Export
Unknown
Mutations That Affect CRM1 Binding
Unknown
Functional Export Signals
Undetermined
Secondary Structure of Export Signal
Unknown
Other Residues Important for Export
Unknown
Sequence
Show FASTA Format Show Domain Info by CDD Show Secondary Structure by PSIPRED Show Conservation Score by AL2CO 
        10         20         30         40         50         60 
MREIISIHIG QAGIQVGNSC WELYCLEHGI QPDGMMPSDT TVGVAHDAFN TFFSETGAGK 

        70         80         90        100        110        120 
HVPRAVFVDL EPTVIDEVRT GTYRQLFHPE QLISGKEDAA NNFARGHYTV GKEIVDLCLD 

       130        140        150        160        170        180 
RVRKLADNCT GLQGFLVFNA VGGGTGSGLG SLLLERLSVD YGKKSKLGFT IYPSPQVSTA 

       190        200        210        220        230        240 
VVEPYNSVLS THSLLEHTDV AVLLDNEAIY DICRRSLDIE RPTYTNLNRL ISQIISSLTT 

       250        260        270        280        290        300 
SLRFDGAINV DITEFQTNLV PYPRIHFMLS SYAPVISAAK AYHEQLSVPE ITNAVFEPAS 

       310        320        330        340        350        360 
MMAKCDPRHG KYMACCLMYR GDVVPKDVNA AVGTIKTKRT VQFVDWCPTG FKCGINYQPP 

       370        380        390        400        410        420 
TVVPGGDLAK VQRAVCMISN NTAVAEVFSR IDHKFDLMYA KRAFVHWYVG EGMEEGEFSE 

       430        440        450                                  
AREDLAALEK DYEEVGAEGG DDEEDEGEDY
3D Structures in PDB
6QVE (CryoEm,3.7 Å resolution)
Comments
The authors comparative analysis of tubulin sequences of several organisms. Putative NESs were found through manual inspection for sequences that match NES consensus sequences [LIV]-x(1-4)-[LIVFM]-x(2-3)-[LIV]-x-[LIV] and [LIVFM]-x(2-3)-[LIVFM]-x(2-3)-[LIVFM]-x-[LIVFM]. Four sequences that match these patterns were found in alpha-tubulin and three in beta-tubulins of A. thaliana, and they are conserved in many organisms. The authors tested GFP-peptide constructs for nuclear export activities in cultured tobacco and U-2 OS cells, and saw that they show increased cytoplasmic localization compared to GFP alone. Mutations and LMB decrease cytoplasmic localization of these GFP-peptides. They expressed GFP-tubulin in BY2 cells and saw nuclear accumulation when treated with LMB. Expression in U-2 OS cells showed little nuclear accumulation in the presence of LMB. However, many papers such as Kim and Chen, Ritter and Schmitz use tubulin as control for nuclear-cytoplasmic fractioning and LMB caused no nuclear accumulation of tubulin. It is likely that the putative NESs listed here are not accessible in the folded tubulin domain. Peptide sequences tested: A.t. TUA3 VGKEIVDLCL, LGSLLLERLSV, IISSLTTSLRF, LRFDGAINV; H.s. TubA1b IGKEIIDLVL, FTSLLMERLSV, IVSSITASLRF; A.t. and H.s. TUBs LQLERINV, ICFRTLKL; A.t. TUBs LNSDLRKLAV. Many structures are available, a recent one is listed for reference in this entry. Ref.1Tubulin is actively exported from the nucleus through the Exportin1/ CRM1 pathway, Schwarzerova et al., Sci Rep, 2019 Ref.2Cytoplasmic-nuclear shuttling of FKBP12-rapamycin-associated protein is involved in rapamycin-sensitive signaling and translation initiation, Kim et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2000 Ref.3Differential intracellular localization and dynamic nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of homeodomain-interacting protein kinase family members, Ritter et al., Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Res, 2019
References
[1]. "Tubulin is actively exported from the nucleus through the Exportin1/ CRM1 pathway"
Schwarzerová K, Bellinvia E, Martinek J, Sikorová L, Dostál V, Libusová L, Bokvaj P, Fischer L, Schmit AC, Nick P. (2019) Sci Rep, 9:5725-5737 PubMed
[2]. "Cytoplasmic-nuclear shuttling of FKBP12-rapamycin-associated protein is involved in rapamycin-sensitive signaling and translation initiation"
Kim JE, Chen J. (2000) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 97(26):14340-5 PubMed
[3]. "Differential intracellular localization and dynamic nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of homeodomain-interacting protein kinase family members"
Ritter O, Schmitz ML. (2019) Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Res, 1866(10):1676-1686 PubMed
User Input
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