Summary for cGAS (NES ID: 400)

Full Name
Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase     UniProt    
Alternative Names
2”3”-cGAMP synthase, Mab-21 domain-containing protein 1   
Organism
Homo sapiens (Human)    
Experimental Evidence for CRM1-mediated Export
LMB Sensitive,  Binds CRM1 Ref.1 A Nuclear Export Signal Is Required for cGAS to Sense Cytosolic DNA, Sun et al., Cell Rep, 2021
Mutations That Affect Nuclear Export
*highlighted yellow in the full sequence
E172A Ref.1 A Nuclear Export Signal Is Required for cGAS to Sense Cytosolic DNA, Sun et al., Cell Rep, 2021
Mutations That Affect CRM1 Binding
Unknown
Functional Export Signals
*shown as underlined residues in the full sequence
169EQCERA174 Ref.1 A Nuclear Export Signal Is Required for cGAS to Sense Cytosolic DNA, Sun et al., Cell Rep, 2021
Secondary Structure of Export Signal
α-helix
Other Residues Important for Export
Unknown
Sequence
Show FASTA Format Show Domain Info by CDD Show Secondary Structure by PSIPRED Show Conservation Score by AL2CO 
        10         20         30         40         50         60 
MNSPGGRGKK KGSGGASNPV PPRPPPPCLA PAPPAAGPAP PPESPHKRNL YYFSYPLFVG 

        70         80         90        100        110        120 
FALLRLVAFH LGLLFVWLCQ RFSRALMAAK RSSGAAPAPA SASAPAPVPG GEAERVRVFH 

       130        140        150        160        170        180 
KQAFEYISIA LRIDEDEKAG QKEQAVEWYK KGIEELEKGI AVIVTGQGEQ CERARRLQAK 

       190        200        210        220        230        240 
MMTNLVMAKD RLQLLEKMQP VLPFSKSQTD VYNDSTNLAC RNGHLQSESG AVPKRKDPLT 

       250        260        270        280        290        300 
HTSNSLPRSK TVMKTGSAGL SGHHRAPSYS GLSMVSGVKQ GSGPAPTTHK GTPKTNRTNK 

       310        320        330        340        350        360 
PSTPTTATRK KKDLKNFRNV DSNLANLIMN EIVDNGTAVK FDDIAGQDLA KQALQEIVIL 

       370        380        390        400        410        420 
PSLRPELFTG LRAPARGLLL FGPPGNGKTM LAKAVAAESN ATFFNISAAS LTSKYVGEGE 

       430        440        450        460        470        480 
KLVRALFAVA RELQPSIIFI DEVDSLLCER REGEHDASRR LKTEFLIEFD GVQSAGDDRV 

       490        500        510        520        530        540 
LVMGATNRPQ ELDEAVLRRF IKRVYVSLPN EETRLLLLKN LLCKQGSPLT QKELAQLARM 

       550        560        570        580        590        600 
TDGYSGSDLT ALAKDAALGP IRELKPEQVK NMSASEMRNI RLSDFTESLK KIKRSVSPQT 

       610                                                        
LEAYIRWNKD FGDTTV
3D Structures in PDB
4K9A (X-Ray,2.26 Å resolution)
4KM5 (X-Ray,2.49 Å resolution)
4JLX ( X-Ray,2.0 Å resolution)
Comments
cGAS is best known as a sensor of cytosolic dsDNA or DNA/RNA hybrids that are abnormally present which activates STING-dependent type-I interferon pathway as an immune response. However, it is also found in the nucleus and was shown to translocate to the nucleus in response to DNA damage. Sun et al. reports that cGAS is exported from the nucleus upon exposure to IFN stimulatory DNA in an LMB-sensitive manner. Binding to CRM1 is demonstrated by co-IP. Putative NES 169-174 was predicted by ValidNES and is conserved across a range of species. The NES alone is sufficient to direct nuclear exit of GFP-NLS reporter. Mutating the whole NES region to alanine reduced cytoplasmic accumulation of the full-length protein and the affect can be recapitulated by just L172A. L172A mutant retained DNA-binding function and enzymatic activity in vitro. The NES is in the spine helix on the outer surface of the enzyme which is part of the DNA-interaction interface. The leucines in the NES are not surface exposed and in order to be an active NES, the helix will have to dissociate from the surface of the domain. Note: Many structures of cGAS have been published, only a select few oldest structures from three different organisms are displayed in this entry. Ref.1 A Nuclear Export Signal Is Required for cGAS to Sense Cytosolic DNA, Sun et al., Cell Rep, 2021
References
[1]. " A Nuclear Export Signal Is Required for cGAS to Sense Cytosolic DNA"
Sun H, Huang Y, Mei S, Xu F, Liu X, Zhao F, Yin L, Zhang D, Wei L, Wu C, Ma S, Wang J, Cen S, Liang C, Hu S, Guo F. (2021) Cell Rep, Jan 5:34(1):108586 PubMed
User Input
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