Summary for APC Protein (NES ID: 47)

Full Name
Adenomatous polyposis coli protein     UniProt    
Alternative Names
None
Organism
Homo sapiens (Human)    
Experimental Evidence for CRM1-mediated Export
LMB Sensitive,  Binds CRM1 Ref.1Adenomatous polyposis coli protein contains two nuclear export signals and shuttles between the nucleus and cytoplasm, Neufeld et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci, 2000 Ref.2Nuclear-cytoplasmic shuttling of APC regulates beta-catenin subcellular localization and turnover., Henderson et al., Nat Cell Biol, 2000 Ref.3The coiled coil region (amino acids 129-250) of the tumor suppressor protein adenomatous polyposis coli (APC). Its structure and its interaction with chromosome maintenance region 1 (Crm-1)., Tickenbrock et al., J Biol Chem, 2002 Ref.4The APC tumour suppressor has a nuclear export function., Arbesfeld et al., Nature, 2000 Ref.5Redefining the subcellular location and transport of APC: new insights using a panel of antibodies., Brocarrdo et al., EMBO Rep, 2005
Mutations That Affect Nuclear Export
*highlighted yellow in the full sequence
L75A/L77A, L172A/L174A, L1506A/L1509A/L1511A, L1657A/L1660A, L2027A/L2030A Ref.1Adenomatous polyposis coli protein contains two nuclear export signals and shuttles between the nucleus and cytoplasm, Neufeld et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci, 2000 Ref.2Nuclear-cytoplasmic shuttling of APC regulates beta-catenin subcellular localization and turnover., Henderson et al., Nat Cell Biol, 2000 Ref.4The APC tumour suppressor has a nuclear export function., Arbesfeld et al., Nature, 2000
Mutations That Affect CRM1 Binding
Unknown
Functional Export Signals
*shown as underlined residues in the full sequence
68LLERLKELNL77, 165LTKRIDSLPL174, 1494ESTPDGFSCSSSLSALSLDEP1514, 1645EGTPINFSTATSLSDLTIESP1665, 2015EDTPVCFSRNSSLSSLSIDSE2035 Ref.1Adenomatous polyposis coli protein contains two nuclear export signals and shuttles between the nucleus and cytoplasm, Neufeld et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci, 2000 Ref.2Nuclear-cytoplasmic shuttling of APC regulates beta-catenin subcellular localization and turnover., Henderson et al., Nat Cell Biol, 2000 Ref.4The APC tumour suppressor has a nuclear export function., Arbesfeld et al., Nature, 2000
Secondary Structure of Export Signal
Helix followed by a short loop (AAs 165-174)
Other Residues Important for Export
Unknown
Sequence
Show FASTA Format Show Domain Info by CDD Show Secondary Structure by PSIPRED Show Conservation Score by AL2CO 
        10         20         30         40         50         60 
MAAASYDQLL KQVEALKMEN SNLRQELEDN SNHLTKLETE ASNMKEVLKQ LQGSIEDEAM 

        70         80         90        100        110        120 
ASSGQIDLLE RLKELNLDSS NFPGVKLRSK MSLRSYGSRE GSVSSRSGEC SPVPMGSFPR 

       130        140        150        160        170        180 
RGFVNGSRES TGYLEELEKE RSLLLADLDK EEKEKDWYYA QLQNLTKRID SLPLTENFSL 

       190        200        210        220        230        240 
QTDMTRRQLE YEARQIRVAM EEQLGTCQDM EKRAQRRIAR IQQIEKDILR IRQLLQSQAT 

       250        260        270        280        290        300 
EAERSSQNKH ETGSHDAERQ NEGQGVGEIN MATSGNGQGS TTRMDHETAS VLSSSSTHSA 

       310        320        330        340        350        360 
PRRLTSHLGT KVEMVYSLLS MLGTHDKDDM SRTLLAMSSS QDSCISMRQS GCLPLLIQLL 

       370        380        390        400        410        420 
HGNDKDSVLL GNSRGSKEAR ARASAALHNI IHSQPDDKRG RREIRVLHLL EQIRAYCETC 

       430        440        450        460        470        480 
WEWQEAHEPG MDQDKNPMPA PVEHQICPAV CVLMKLSFDE EHRHAMNELG GLQAIAELLQ 

       490        500        510        520        530        540 
VDCEMYGLTN DHYSITLRRY AGMALTNLTF GDVANKATLC SMKGCMRALV AQLKSESEDL 

       550        560        570        580        590        600 
QQVIASVLRN LSWRADVNSK KTLREVGSVK ALMECALEVK KESTLKSVLS ALWNLSAHCT 

       610        620        630        640        650        660 
ENKADICAVD GALAFLVGTL TYRSQTNTLA IIESGGGILR NVSSLIATNE DHRQILRENN 

       670        680        690        700        710        720 
CLQTLLQHLK SHSLTIVSNA CGTLWNLSAR NPKDQEALWD MGAVSMLKNL IHSKHKMIAM 

       730        740        750        760        770        780 
GSAAALRNLM ANRPAKYKDA NIMSPGSSLP SLHVRKQKAL EAELDAQHLS ETFDNIDNLS 

       790        800        810        820        830        840 
PKASHRSKQR HKQSLYGDYV FDTNRHDDNR SDNFNTGNMT VLSPYLNTTV LPSSSSSRGS 

       850        860        870        880        890        900 
LDSSRSEKDR SLERERGIGL GNYHPATENP GTSSKRGLQI STTAAQIAKV MEEVSAIHTS 

       910        920        930        940        950        960 
QEDRSSGSTT ELHCVTDERN ALRRSSAAHT HSNTYNFTKS ENSNRTCSMP YAKLEYKRSS 

       970        980        990       1000       1010       1020 
NDSLNSVSSS DGYGKRGQMK PSIESYSEDD ESKFCSYGQY PADLAHKIHS ANHMDDNDGE 

      1030       1040       1050       1060       1070       1080 
LDTPINYSLK YSDEQLNSGR QSPSQNERWA RPKHIIEDEI KQSEQRQSRN QSTTYPVYTE 

      1090       1100       1110       1120       1130       1140 
STDDKHLKFQ PHFGQQECVS PYRSRGANGS ETNRVGSNHG INQNVSQSLC QEDDYEDDKP 

      1150       1160       1170       1180       1190       1200 
TNYSERYSEE EQHEEEERPT NYSIKYNEEK RHVDQPIDYS LKYATDIPSS QKQSFSFSKS 

      1210       1220       1230       1240       1250       1260 
SSGQSSKTEH MSSSSENTST PSSNAKRQNQ LHPSSAQSRS GQPQKAATCK VSSINQETIQ 

      1270       1280       1290       1300       1310       1320 
TYCVEDTPIC FSRCSSLSSL SSAEDEIGCN QTTQEADSAN TLQIAEIKEK IGTRSAEDPV 

      1330       1340       1350       1360       1370       1380 
SEVPAVSQHP RTKSSRLQGS SLSSESARHK AVEFSSGAKS PSKSGAQTPK SPPEHYVQET 

      1390       1400       1410       1420       1430       1440 
PLMFSRCTSV SSLDSFESRS IASSVQSEPC SGMVSGIISP SDLPDSPGQT MPPSRSKTPP 

      1450       1460       1470       1480       1490       1500 
PPPQTAQTKR EVPKNKAPTA EKRESGPKQA AVNAAVQRVQ VLPDADTLLH FATESTPDGF 

      1510       1520       1530       1540       1550       1560 
SCSSSLSALS LDEPFIQKDV ELRIMPPVQE NDNGNETESE QPKESNENQE KEAEKTIDSE 

      1570       1580       1590       1600       1610       1620 
KDLLDDSDDD DIEILEECII SAMPTKSSRK AKKPAQTASK LPPPVARKPS QLPVYKLLPS 

      1630       1640       1650       1660       1670       1680 
QNRLQPQKHV SFTPGDDMPR VYCVEGTPIN FSTATSLSDL TIESPPNELA AGEGVRGGAQ 

      1690       1700       1710       1720       1730       1740 
SGEFEKRDTI PTEGRSTDEA QGGKTSSVTI PELDDNKAEE GDILAECINS AMPKGKSHKP 

      1750       1760       1770       1780       1790       1800 
FRVKKIMDQV QQASASSSAP NKNQLDGKKK KPTSPVKPIP QNTEYRTRVR KNADSKNNLN 

      1810       1820       1830       1840       1850       1860 
AERVFSDNKD SKKQNLKNNS KVFNDKLPNN EDRVRGSFAF DSPHHYTPIE GTPYCFSRND 

      1870       1880       1890       1900       1910       1920 
SLSSLDFDDD DVDLSREKAE LRKAKENKES EAKVTSHTEL TSNQQSANKT QAIAKQPINR 

      1930       1940       1950       1960       1970       1980 
GQPKPILQKQ STFPQSSKDI PDRGAATDEK LQNFAIENTP VCFSHNSSLS SLSDIDQENN 

      1990       2000       2010       2020       2030       2040 
NKENEPIKET EPPDSQGEPS KPQASGYAPK SFHVEDTPVC FSRNSSLSSL SIDSEDDLLQ 

      2050       2060       2070       2080       2090       2100 
ECISSAMPKK KKPSRLKGDN EKHSPRNMGG ILGEDLTLDL KDIQRPDSEH GLSPDSENFD 

      2110       2120       2130       2140       2150       2160 
WKAIQEGANS IVSSLHQAAA AACLSRQASS DSDSILSLKS GISLGSPFHL TPDQEEKPFT 

      2170       2180       2190       2200       2210       2220 
SNKGPRILKP GEKSTLETKK IESESKGIKG GKKVYKSLIT GKVRSNSEIS GQMKQPLQAN 

      2230       2240       2250       2260       2270       2280 
MPSISRGRTM IHIPGVRNSS SSTSPVSKKG PPLKTPASKS PSEGQTATTS PRGAKPSVKS 

      2290       2300       2310       2320       2330       2340 
ELSPVARQTS QIGGSSKAPS RSGSRDSTPS RPAQQPLSRP IQSPGRNSIS PGRNGISPPN 

      2350       2360       2370       2380       2390       2400 
KLSQLPRTSS PSTASTKSSG SGKMSYTSPG RQMSQQNLTK QTGLSKNASS IPRSESASKG 

      2410       2420       2430       2440       2450       2460 
LNQMNNGNGA NKKVELSRMS STKSSGSESD RSERPVLVRQ STFIKEAPSP TLRRKLEESA 

      2470       2480       2490       2500       2510       2520 
SFESLSPSSR PASPTRSQAQ TPVLSPSLPD MSLSTHSSVQ AGGWRKLPPN LSPTIEYNDG 

      2530       2540       2550       2560       2570       2580 
RPAKRHDIAR SHSESPSRLP INRSGTWKRE HSKHSSSLPR VSTWRRTGSS SSILSASSES 

      2590       2600       2610       2620       2630       2640 
SEKAKSEDEK HVNSISGTKQ SKENQVSAKG TWRKIKENEF SPTNSTSQTV SSGATNGAES 

      2650       2660       2670       2680       2690       2700 
KTLIYQMAPA VSKTEDVWVR IEDCPINNPR SGRSPTGNTP PVIDSVSEKA NPNIKDSKDN 

      2710       2720       2730       2740       2750       2760 
QAKQNVGNGS VPMRTVGLEN RLNSFIQVDA PDQKGTEIKP GQNNPVPVSE TNESSIVERT 

      2770       2780       2790       2800       2810       2820 
PFSSSSSSKH SSPSGTVAAR VTPFNYNPSP RKSSADSTSA RPSQIPTPVN NNTKKRDSKT 

      2830       2840                                             
DSTESSGTQS PKRHSGSYLV TSV
3D Structures in PDB
1M5I (X-Ray,2.0 Å resolution)
Comments
APC protein is a tumor suppressor regulating the cytoplasmic level of β-catenin through targeting cytoplasmic β-catenin for proteolysis. Mutational inactivation of APC initiates most hereditary and sporadic colon carcinomas. In many cells, APC protein is predominantly cytoplasmic. However, it is also confirmed to be present in the nucleus. Altogether 5 NESs have been reported for APC. Both Neufeld et al. (2000) and Henderson (200) demonstrated that APC shuttles between the nucleus and the cytoplasm, and the shuttling is LMB sensitive, indicating that CRM1 is the receptor for its export. Both papers located two NESs at the N-terminus of APC: one between aa 68-77, and the other between aa 165-174. The NES between 68-77 is a strong NES. Each peptide can direct the export of reporter proteins in vivo, indicating that they are independently functional NES. Furthermore, they showed that each NES is functional in the context of natural APC. Mutating L75/L77, or L172/L174 to alanine will abolish the two NES's export ability. In addition, Tickenbrock et al. showed that APC (129-250) binds CRM1 in an affinity pull-down assay. Rosln-Arbesfeld et al. (2000) and Rosln-Arbesfeld et al. (2003) proposed three C-terminal NESs. Each peptide is capable of directing nuclear export when fused to reporter protein in LMB sensitive manner. They also showed that truncated APC without the three C-terminal NESs, expressed in most colorectal cancers, showed prominent nuclear retention.
Doubt about N-terminal NES: Structure of APC (129-150), PDB: 1M5I, showed that L165, I169, and L172 are buried. APC (159-177) failed to bind CRM1 in GST-pulldown assay (Chook lab, unpublished results). However, Tickenbrock et al. showed that mutation of L189 and I196, which disrupts interhelical interactions increased CRM1 binding to APC (129-250). It is possible that this NES can be unmasked.
Doubt about C-terminal NESs: Brocardo et al. (2005) showed that mutant APC lacking the C-terminal regions indeed shuttles more efficiently. Ref.5Redefining the subcellular location and transport of APC: new insights using a panel of antibodies., Brocarrdo et al., EMBO Rep, 2005
References
[1]. "Adenomatous polyposis coli protein contains two nuclear export signals and shuttles between the nucleus and cytoplasm"
Neufeld, K.L., Nix, D.A., Bogerd, H., Kang, Y., Beckerle, M.C., Cullen, B.R., White, R.L. (2000) Proc Natl Acad Sci, 97:12085-12090 PubMed
[2]. "Nuclear-cytoplasmic shuttling of APC regulates beta-catenin subcellular localization and turnover."
Henderson BR (2000) Nat Cell Biol, 2:653-60 PubMed
[3]. "The coiled coil region (amino acids 129-250) of the tumor suppressor protein adenomatous polyposis coli (APC). Its structure and its interaction with chromosome maintenance region 1 (Crm-1)."
Tickenbrock L, Cramer J, Vetter IR, Muller O (2002) J Biol Chem, 277:32332-8 PubMed
[4]. "The APC tumour suppressor has a nuclear export function."
Rosin-Arbesfeld R, Townsley F, Bienz M (2000) Nature, 406:1009-12 PubMed
[5]. "Redefining the subcellular location and transport of APC: new insights using a panel of antibodies."
Brocardo M, Nathke IS, Henderson BR (2005) EMBO Rep, 6:184-90 PubMed
User Input
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