Summary for HDAC4 (NES ID: 62)

Full Name
Histone deacetylase 4 (HD4)     UniProt    
Alternative Names
None
Organism
Homo sapiens (Human)    
Experimental Evidence for CRM1-mediated Export
LMB Sensitive Ref.1Histone deacetylase 4 possesses intrinsic nuclear import and export signals, Wang et al., Mol Cell Biol, 2001
Mutations That Affect Nuclear Export
*highlighted yellow in the full sequence
V1056A, M1059A, L1062A, V1064A, V1066A Ref.1Histone deacetylase 4 possesses intrinsic nuclear import and export signals, Wang et al., Mol Cell Biol, 2001
Mutations That Affect CRM1 Binding
Unknown
Functional Export Signals
*shown as underlined residues in the full sequence
1044EAQTCENEEAETVTAMASLSVGVKPA1069 Ref.1Histone deacetylase 4 possesses intrinsic nuclear import and export signals, Wang et al., Mol Cell Biol, 2001
Secondary Structure of Export Signal
short loop (residues 1050-1051), residues 1052-1055 not visible
Other Residues Important for Export
Unknown
Sequence
Show FASTA Format Show Domain Info by CDD Show Secondary Structure by PSIPRED Show Conservation Score by AL2CO 
        10         20         30         40         50         60 
MSSQSHPDGL SGRDQPVELL NPARVNHMPS TVDVATALPL QVAPSAVPMD LRLDHQFSLP 

        70         80         90        100        110        120 
VAEPALREQQ LQQELLALKQ KQQIQRQILI AEFQRQHEQL SRQHEAQLHE HIKQQQEMLA 

       130        140        150        160        170        180 
MKHQQELLEH QRKLERHRQE QELEKQHREQ KLQQLKNKEK GKESAVASTE VKMKLQEFVL 

       190        200        210        220        230        240 
NKKKALAHRN LNHCISSDPR YWYGKTQHSS LDQSSPPQSG VSTSYNHPVL GMYDAKDDFP 

       250        260        270        280        290        300 
LRKTASEPNL KLRSRLKQKV AERRSSPLLR RKDGPVVTAL KKRPLDVTDS ACSSAPGSGP 

       310        320        330        340        350        360 
SSPNNSSGSV SAENGIAPAV PSIPAETSLA HRLVAREGSA APLPLYTSPS LPNITLGLPA 

       370        380        390        400        410        420 
TGPSAGTAGQ QDTERLTLPA LQQRLSLFPG THLTPYLSTS PLERDGGAAH SPLLQHMVLL 

       430        440        450        460        470        480 
EQPPAQAPLV TGLGALPLHA QSLVGADRVS PSIHKLRQHR PLGRTQSAPL PQNAQALQHL 

       490        500        510        520        530        540 
VIQQQHQQFL EKHKQQFQQQ QLQMNKIIPK PSEPARQPES HPEETEEELR EHQALLDEPY 

       550        560        570        580        590        600 
LDRLPGQKEA HAQAGVQVKQ EPIESDEEEA EPPREVEPGQ RQPSEQELLF RQQALLLEQQ 

       610        620        630        640        650        660 
RIHQLRNYQA SMEAAGIPVS FGGHRPLSRA QSSPASATFP VSVQEPPTKP RFTTGLVYDT 

       670        680        690        700        710        720 
LMLKHQCTCG SSSSHPEHAG RIQSIWSRLQ ETGLRGKCEC IRGRKATLEE LQTVHSEAHT 

       730        740        750        760        770        780 
LLYGTNPLNR QKLDSKKLLG SLASVFVRLP CGGVGVDSDT IWNEVHSAGA ARLAVGCVVE 

       790        800        810        820        830        840 
LVFKVATGEL KNGFAVVRPP GHHAEESTPM GFCYFNSVAV AAKLLQQRLS VSKILIVDWD 

       850        860        870        880        890        900 
VHHGNGTQQA FYSDPSVLYM SLHRYDDGNF FPGSGAPDEV GTGPGVGFNV NMAFTGGLDP 

       910        920        930        940        950        960 
PMGDAEYLAA FRTVVMPIAS EFAPDVVLVS SGFDAVEGHP TPLGGYNLSA RCFGYLTKQL 

       970        980        990       1000       1010       1020 
MGLAGGRIVL ALEGGHDLTA ICDASEACVS ALLGNELDPL PEKVLQQRPN ANAVRSMEKV 

      1030       1040       1050       1060       1070       1080 
MEIHSKYWRC LQRTTSTAGR SLIEAQTCEN EEAETVTAMA SLSVGVKPAE KRPDEEPMEE 

                                                                  
EPPL
3D Structures in PDB
Not Available
Comments
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are the enzymes responsible for reversing the acetylation of histones and other proteins. HDAC4 is a class II HDAC, which possesses a C-terminal catalytic domain significantly homologous to that of yeast Hda1. Class II HDACs also have a N-terminal extension that interacts with other proteins like monocyte enhancer factor 2 (MEF2) to repress transcription. Cellular compartmentalization is one major regulatory mechanism for class II HDACs. 14-3-3 proteins directly bind to HDAC4 and negatively regulate its role in transcription repression. Wild-type HDAC4 is in the cytoplasm, triple mutant S246/S467/S632A, which is unable to bind 14-3-3, localizes to the nucleus. Wang and Yang identified a NLS (residues 244-279) in HDAC4. Mutational analysis showed that all three clusters of positively charged amino acids are necessary for nuclear localization. In addition, they located the minimal function NES, which is aa 1044-1069 at the C-termianl of HDAC4 by fragment analysis. The putative NES can export GFP out of the nucleus, and the export is sensitive to LMB. Single mutations at 1056, 1059, 1062, 1064, or 1066 all led to nuclear accumulation of the fusion protein. Furthermore, they showed that over expression of CRM1 can promote the cytoplasmic localization of mutants that are otherwise nuclear due to being defective in 14-3-3 binding. They showed that MEF2 binding can lead to nuclear accumulation of HDAC4. Based on these evidence, they suggested that both 14-3-3 binding and NES of HDAC4 are required for the cytoplasmic retention of HDAC4. Note that they identified a negative example of NES. Residues 429-438 match exactly the consensus NES, but it didn't have export activity.
References
[1]. "Histone deacetylase 4 possesses intrinsic nuclear import and export signals"
Wang, A.H., Yang, X.J. (2001) Mol Cell Biol, 21:5992-6005 PubMed
User Input
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