Summary for Tax (NES ID: 84)

Full Name
Protein Tax-1     UniProt    
Alternative Names
Trans-activating transcriptional regulatory protein of HTLV-1
Protein X-LOR (Protein PX)   
Organism
Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1)    
Experimental Evidence for CRM1-mediated Export
LMB Sensitive,  Binds CRM1 Ref.2Genotoxic stress and cellular stress alter the subcellular distribution of human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 tax through a CRM1-dependent mechanism, Gatza et al., J. Virol., 2006 Ref.1Characterization of a nuclear export signal within the human T cell leukemia virus type I transactivator protein Tax, Alefantis et al., J Biol Chem, 2003 Ref.3Ubiquitination of HTLV-I Tax in response to DNA damage regulates nuclear complex formation and nuclear export, Gatza et al., Retrovirology, 2007
Mutations That Affect Nuclear Export
*highlighted yellow in the full sequence
S199A/L200S, L200A Ref.1Characterization of a nuclear export signal within the human T cell leukemia virus type I transactivator protein Tax, Alefantis et al., J Biol Chem, 2003 Ref.2Genotoxic stress and cellular stress alter the subcellular distribution of human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 tax through a CRM1-dependent mechanism, Gatza et al., J. Virol., 2006 Ref.3Ubiquitination of HTLV-I Tax in response to DNA damage regulates nuclear complex formation and nuclear export, Gatza et al., Retrovirology, 2007
Mutations That Affect CRM1 Binding
*shown as red residues in the full sequence
S199A/L200S Ref.2Genotoxic stress and cellular stress alter the subcellular distribution of human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 tax through a CRM1-dependent mechanism, Gatza et al., J. Virol., 2006
Functional Export Signals
*shown as underlined residues in the full sequence
188YKRIEELLYKISLTT202 Ref.1Characterization of a nuclear export signal within the human T cell leukemia virus type I transactivator protein Tax, Alefantis et al., J Biol Chem, 2003
Secondary Structure of Export Signal
Unknown
Other Residues Important for Export
Unknown
Sequence
Show FASTA Format Show Domain Info by CDD Show Secondary Structure by PSIPRED Show Conservation Score by AL2CO 
        10         20         30         40         50         60 
MAHFPGFGQS LLFGYPVYVF GDCVQGDWCP ISGGLCSARL HRHALLATCP EHQITWDPID 

        70         80         90        100        110        120 
GRVIGSALQF LIPRLPSFPT QRTSKTLKVL TPPITHTTPN IPPSFLQAMR KYSPFRNGYM 

       130        140        150        160        170        180 
EPTLGQHLPT LSFPDPGLRP QNLYTLWGGS VVCMYLYQLS PPITWPLLPH VIFCHPGQLG 

       190        200        210        220        230        240 
AFLTNVPYKR IEELLYKISL TTGALIILPE DCLPTTLFQP ARAPVTLTAW QNGLLPFHST 

       250        260        270        280        290        300 
LTTPGLIWTF TDGTPMISGP CPKDGQPSLV LQSSSFIFHK FQTKAYHPSF LLSHGLIQYS 

       310        320        330        340        350            
SFHSLHLLFE EYTNIPISLL FNEKEADDND HEPQISPGGL EPPSEKHFRE TEV
3D Structures in PDB
Not Available
Comments
Tax is the major oncoprotein of HTLV-1. It shuttles between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. In the absence of cellular stress, its export from the nucleus is independent of CRM1. In response to cellular stress, it is exported by CRM1 through unmasking and recognition of the NES at 188-202. Exported Tax also no longer interacts with splicing protein sc35. Upon cellular stress, Tax also gets post-translationally modified - K280 and K284 mutation that prevents ubiquitination also prevents nuclear export.
References
[1]. "Characterization of a nuclear export signal within the human T cell leukemia virus type I transactivator protein Tax"
Alefantis T, Barmak K, Harhaj EW, Grant C, Wigdahl B. (2003) J Biol Chem, 278:1814-1822 PubMed
[2]. "Genotoxic stress and cellular stress alter the subcellular distribution of human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 tax through a CRM1-dependent mechanism"
Gatza ML, Marriott SJ. (2006) J. Virol., 80:6657-6668 PubMed
[3]. "Ubiquitination of HTLV-I Tax in response to DNA damage regulates nuclear complex formation and nuclear export"
Gatza ML, Dayaram T, Marriott SJ. (2007) Retrovirology, 4:95 PubMed
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