RPS-BLAST 2.2.26 [Sep-21-2011]
Database: CDD.v3.10
44,354 sequences; 10,937,602 total letters
Searching..................................................done
Query= psy12855
(87 letters)
>gnl|CDD|176049 cd08404, C2B_Synaptotagmin-4, C2 domain second repeat present in
Synaptotagmin 4. Synaptotagmin is a
membrane-trafficking protein characterized by a
N-terminal transmembrane region, a linker, and 2
C-terminal C2 domains. Synaptotagmin 4, a member of
class 4 synaptotagmins, is located in the brain. It
functions are unknown. It, like synaptotagmin-11, has an
Asp to Ser substitution in its C2A domain. Previously
all synaptotagmins were thought to be calcium sensors in
the regulation of neurotransmitter release and hormone
secretion, but it has been shown that not all of them
bind calcium. Of the 17 identified synaptotagmins only
8 bind calcium (1-3, 5-7, 9, 10). The function of the
two C2 domains that bind calcium are: regulating the
fusion step of synaptic vesicle exocytosis (C2A) and
binding to phosphatidyl-inositol-3,4,5-triphosphate
(PIP3) in the absence of calcium ions and to
phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate (PIP2) in their
presence (C2B). C2B also regulates also the recycling
step of synaptic vesicles. C2 domains fold into an
8-standed beta-sandwich that can adopt 2 structural
arrangements: Type I and Type II, distinguished by a
circular permutation involving their N- and C-terminal
beta strands. Many C2 domains are Ca2+-dependent
membrane-targeting modules that bind a wide variety of
substances including bind phospholipids, inositol
polyphosphates, and intracellular proteins. Most C2
domain proteins are either signal transduction enzymes
that contain a single C2 domain, such as protein kinase
C, or membrane trafficking proteins which contain at
least two C2 domains, such as synaptotagmin 1. However,
there are a few exceptions to this including RIM
isoforms and some splice variants of piccolo/aczonin and
intersectin which only have a single C2 domain. C2
domains with a calcium binding region have negatively
charged residues, primarily aspartates, that serve as
ligands for calcium ions. This cd contains the second C2
repeat, C2B, and has a type-I topology.
Length = 136
Score = 124 bits (313), Expect = 2e-38
Identities = 44/75 (58%), Positives = 57/75 (76%)
Query: 7 DPYVKVYLLYKGQRVAKKKTHVKKRTLNPVYNESFVFEVPADNLDSVSLELLLLDWDRVT 66
DPYVKV L Y +R++KKKTHVKK TLNPV+NESFVF++P++ L+ +S+E L+LD DRVT
Sbjct: 37 DPYVKVNLYYGKKRISKKKTHVKKCTLNPVFNESFVFDIPSEELEDISVEFLVLDSDRVT 96
Query: 67 KNEKIFFFFFSSSSS 81
KNE I +S
Sbjct: 97 KNEVIGRLVLGPKAS 111
>gnl|CDD|176050 cd08405, C2B_Synaptotagmin-7, C2 domain second repeat present in
Synaptotagmin 7. Synaptotagmin is a
membrane-trafficking protein characterized by a
N-terminal transmembrane region, a linker, and 2
C-terminal C2 domains. Synaptotagmin 7, a member of
class 2 synaptotagmins, is located in presynaptic plasma
membranes in neurons, dense-core vesicles in endocrine
cells, and lysosomes in fibroblasts. It has been shown
to play a role in regulation of Ca2+-dependent lysosomal
exocytosis in fibroblasts and may also function as a
vesicular Ca2+-sensor. It is distinguished from the
other synaptotagmins by having over 12 splice forms.
Previously all synaptotagmins were thought to be calcium
sensors in the regulation of neurotransmitter release
and hormone secretion, but it has been shown that not
all of them bind calcium. Of the 17 identified
synaptotagmins only 8 bind calcium (1-3, 5-7, 9, 10).
The function of the two C2 domains that bind calcium
are: regulating the fusion step of synaptic vesicle
exocytosis (C2A) and binding to
phosphatidyl-inositol-3,4,5-triphosphate (PIP3) in the
absence of calcium ions and to phosphatidylinositol
bisphosphate (PIP2) in their presence (C2B). C2B also
regulates also the recycling step of synaptic vesicles.
C2 domains fold into an 8-standed beta-sandwich that can
adopt 2 structural arrangements: Type I and Type II,
distinguished by a circular permutation involving their
N- and C-terminal beta strands. Many C2 domains are
Ca2+-dependent membrane-targeting modules that bind a
wide variety of substances including bind phospholipids,
inositol polyphosphates, and intracellular proteins.
Most C2 domain proteins are either signal transduction
enzymes that contain a single C2 domain, such as protein
kinase C, or membrane trafficking proteins which contain
at least two C2 domains, such as synaptotagmin 1.
However, there are a few exceptions to this including
RIM isoforms and some splice variants of piccolo/aczonin
and intersectin which only have a single C2 domain. C2
domains with a calcium binding region have negatively
charged residues, primarily aspartates, that serve as
ligands for calcium ions. This cd contains the second C2
repeat, C2B, and has a type-I topology.
Length = 136
Score = 94.4 bits (235), Expect = 1e-26
Identities = 36/65 (55%), Positives = 52/65 (80%)
Query: 7 DPYVKVYLLYKGQRVAKKKTHVKKRTLNPVYNESFVFEVPADNLDSVSLELLLLDWDRVT 66
DPYVKV+L+YK +RV KKKT +KKRTLNPV+NESF+F +P + L +L + ++D DR++
Sbjct: 37 DPYVKVWLMYKDKRVEKKKTVIKKRTLNPVFNESFIFNIPLERLRETTLIITVMDKDRLS 96
Query: 67 KNEKI 71
+N+ I
Sbjct: 97 RNDLI 101
>gnl|CDD|176048 cd08403, C2B_Synaptotagmin-3-5-6-9-10, C2 domain second repeat
present in Synaptotagmins 3, 5, 6, 9, and 10.
Synaptotagmin is a membrane-trafficking protein
characterized by a N-terminal transmembrane region, a
linker, and 2 C-terminal C2 domains. Synaptotagmin 3, a
member of class 3 synaptotagmins, is located in the
brain and localized to the active zone and plasma
membrane. It functions as a Ca2+ sensor for fast
exocytosis. It, along with synaptotagmins 5,6, and 10,
has disulfide bonds at its N-terminus. Synaptotagmin 9,
a class 5 synaptotagmins, is located in the brain and
localized to the synaptic vesicles. It is thought to be
a Ca2+-sensor for dense-core vesicle exocytosis.
Previously all synaptotagmins were thought to be calcium
sensors in the regulation of neurotransmitter release
and hormone secretion, but it has been shown that not
all of them bind calcium. Of the 17 identified
synaptotagmins only 8 bind calcium (1-3, 5-7, 9, 10).
The function of the two C2 domains that bind calcium
are: regulating the fusion step of synaptic vesicle
exocytosis (C2A) and binding to
phosphatidyl-inositol-3,4,5-triphosphate (PIP3) in the
absence of calcium ions and to phosphatidylinositol
bisphosphate (PIP2) in their presence (C2B). C2B also
regulates also the recycling step of synaptic vesicles.
C2 domains fold into an 8-standed beta-sandwich that can
adopt 2 structural arrangements: Type I and Type II,
distinguished by a circular permutation involving their
N- and C-terminal beta strands. Many C2 domains are
Ca2+-dependent membrane-targeting modules that bind a
wide variety of substances including bind phospholipids,
inositol polyphosphates, and intracellular proteins.
Most C2 domain proteins are either signal transduction
enzymes that contain a single C2 domain, such as protein
kinase C, or membrane trafficking proteins which contain
at least two C2 domains, such as synaptotagmin 1.
However, there are a few exceptions to this including
RIM isoforms and some splice variants of piccolo/aczonin
and intersectin which only have a single C2 domain. C2
domains with a calcium binding region have negatively
charged residues, primarily aspartates, that serve as
ligands for calcium ions. This cd contains the second C2
repeat, C2B, and has a type-I topology.
Length = 134
Score = 94.5 bits (235), Expect = 1e-26
Identities = 39/65 (60%), Positives = 52/65 (80%)
Query: 7 DPYVKVYLLYKGQRVAKKKTHVKKRTLNPVYNESFVFEVPADNLDSVSLELLLLDWDRVT 66
DPYVKV L+ +G+R+ KKKT VKK TLNP YNE+ VF+VP +N+D+VSL + ++D+DRV
Sbjct: 36 DPYVKVSLMCEGRRLKKKKTSVKKNTLNPTYNEALVFDVPPENVDNVSLIIAVVDYDRVG 95
Query: 67 KNEKI 71
NE I
Sbjct: 96 HNELI 100
>gnl|CDD|175975 cd00276, C2B_Synaptotagmin, C2 domain second repeat present in
Synaptotagmin. Synaptotagmin is a membrane-trafficking
protein characterized by a N-terminal transmembrane
region, a linker, and 2 C-terminal C2 domains. There are
several classes of Synaptotagmins. Previously all
synaptotagmins were thought to be calcium sensors in the
regulation of neurotransmitter release and hormone
secretion, but it has been shown that not all of them
bind calcium. Of the 17 identified synaptotagmins only
8 bind calcium (1-3, 5-7, 9, 10). The function of the
two C2 domains that bind calcium are: regulating the
fusion step of synaptic vesicle exocytosis (C2A) and
binding to phosphatidyl-inositol-3,4,5-triphosphate
(PIP3) in the absence of calcium ions and to
phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate (PIP2) in their
presence (C2B). C2B also regulates also the recycling
step of synaptic vesicles. C2 domains fold into an
8-standed beta-sandwich that can adopt 2 structural
arrangements: Type I and Type II, distinguished by a
circular permutation involving their N- and C-terminal
beta strands. Many C2 domains are Ca2+-dependent
membrane-targeting modules that bind a wide variety of
substances including bind phospholipids, inositol
polyphosphates, and intracellular proteins. Most C2
domain proteins are either signal transduction enzymes
that contain a single C2 domain, such as protein kinase
C, or membrane trafficking proteins which contain at
least two C2 domains, such as synaptotagmin 1. However,
there are a few exceptions to this including RIM
isoforms and some splice variants of piccolo/aczonin and
intersectin which only have a single C2 domain. C2
domains with a calcium binding region have negatively
charged residues, primarily aspartates, that serve as
ligands for calcium ions. This cd contains the second C2
repeat, C2B, and has a type-I topology.
Length = 134
Score = 93.8 bits (234), Expect = 2e-26
Identities = 38/66 (57%), Positives = 50/66 (75%)
Query: 6 LDPYVKVYLLYKGQRVAKKKTHVKKRTLNPVYNESFVFEVPADNLDSVSLELLLLDWDRV 65
DPYVKV LL G+++ KKKT VKK TLNPV+NE+F F+VPA+ L+ VSL + ++D D V
Sbjct: 35 SDPYVKVSLLQGGKKLKKKKTSVKKGTLNPVFNEAFSFDVPAEQLEEVSLVITVVDKDSV 94
Query: 66 TKNEKI 71
+NE I
Sbjct: 95 GRNEVI 100
>gnl|CDD|176047 cd08402, C2B_Synaptotagmin-1, C2 domain second repeat present in
Synaptotagmin 1. Synaptotagmin is a
membrane-trafficking protein characterized by a
N-terminal transmembrane region, a linker, and 2
C-terminal C2 domains. Synaptotagmin 1, a member of the
class 1 synaptotagmins, is located in the brain and
endocranium and localized to the synaptic vesicles and
secretory granules. It functions as a Ca2+ sensor for
fast exocytosis. It, like synaptotagmin-2, has an
N-glycosylated N-terminus. Synaptotagmin 4, a member of
class 4 synaptotagmins, is located in the brain. It
functions are unknown. It, like synaptotagmin-11, has an
Asp to Ser substitution in its C2A domain. Previously
all synaptotagmins were thought to be calcium sensors in
the regulation of neurotransmitter release and hormone
secretion, but it has been shown that not all of them
bind calcium. Of the 17 identified synaptotagmins only
8 bind calcium (1-3, 5-7, 9, 10). The function of the
two C2 domains that bind calcium are: regulating the
fusion step of synaptic vesicle exocytosis (C2A) and
binding to phosphatidyl-inositol-3,4,5-triphosphate
(PIP3) in the absence of calcium ions and to
phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate (PIP2) in their
presence (C2B). C2B also regulates also the recycling
step of synaptic vesicles. C2 domains fold into an
8-standed beta-sandwich that can adopt 2 structural
arrangements: Type I and Type II, distinguished by a
circular permutation involving their N- and C-terminal
beta strands. Many C2 domains are Ca2+-dependent
membrane-targeting modules that bind a wide variety of
substances including bind phospholipids, inositol
polyphosphates, and intracellular proteins. Most C2
domain proteins are either signal transduction enzymes
that contain a single C2 domain, such as protein kinase
C, or membrane trafficking proteins which contain at
least two C2 domains, such as synaptotagmin 1. However,
there are a few exceptions to this including RIM
isoforms and some splice variants of piccolo/aczonin and
intersectin which only have a single C2 domain. C2
domains with a calcium binding region have negatively
charged residues, primarily aspartates, that serve as
ligands for calcium ions. This cd contains the second C2
repeat, C2B, and has a type-I topology.
Length = 136
Score = 92.1 bits (229), Expect = 8e-26
Identities = 37/65 (56%), Positives = 50/65 (76%)
Query: 7 DPYVKVYLLYKGQRVAKKKTHVKKRTLNPVYNESFVFEVPADNLDSVSLELLLLDWDRVT 66
DPYVK++L+ G+R+ KKKT +KKRTLNP YNESF FEVP + + V L + +LD+DR+
Sbjct: 37 DPYVKIHLMQNGKRLKKKKTTIKKRTLNPYYNESFSFEVPFEQIQKVHLIVTVLDYDRIG 96
Query: 67 KNEKI 71
KN+ I
Sbjct: 97 KNDPI 101
>gnl|CDD|215765 pfam00168, C2, C2 domain.
Length = 85
Score = 69.2 bits (170), Expect = 2e-17
Identities = 32/65 (49%), Positives = 40/65 (61%), Gaps = 4/65 (6%)
Query: 7 DPYVKVYLLYKGQRVAKKKTHVKKRTLNPVYNESFVFEVPADNLDSVSLELLLLDWDRVT 66
DPYVKV L GQ+ KKT V K TLNPV+NE+F FEV L L + + D+DR
Sbjct: 21 DPYVKVSLG--GQKKDTKKTKVVKNTLNPVWNETFTFEVTLPELA--ELRIEVYDYDRFG 76
Query: 67 KNEKI 71
K++ I
Sbjct: 77 KDDFI 81
>gnl|CDD|176030 cd08384, C2B_Rabphilin_Doc2, C2 domain second repeat present in
Rabphilin and Double C2 domain. Rabphilin is found
neurons and in neuroendrocrine cells, while Doc2 is
found not only in the brain but in tissues, including
mast cells, chromaffin cells, and osteoblasts.
Rabphilin and Doc2s share highly homologous tandem C2
domains, although their N-terminal structures are
completely different: rabphilin contains an N-terminal
Rab-binding domain (RBD),7 whereas Doc2 contains an
N-terminal Munc13-1-interacting domain (MID). C2
domains fold into an 8-standed beta-sandwich that can
adopt 2 structural arrangements: Type I and Type II,
distinguished by a circular permutation involving their
N- and C-terminal beta strands. Many C2 domains are
Ca2+-dependent membrane-targeting modules that bind a
wide variety of substances including bind
phospholipids, inositol polyphosphates, and
intracellular proteins. Most C2 domain proteins are
either signal transduction enzymes that contain a
single C2 domain, such as protein kinase C, or membrane
trafficking proteins which contain at least two C2
domains, such as synaptotagmin 1. However, there are a
few exceptions to this including RIM isoforms and some
splice variants of piccolo/aczonin and intersectin
which only have a single C2 domain. C2 domains with a
calcium binding region have negatively charged
residues, primarily aspartates, that serve as ligands
for calcium ions. This cd contains the second C2
repeat, C2B, and has a type-I topology.
Length = 133
Score = 66.6 bits (163), Expect = 8e-16
Identities = 26/65 (40%), Positives = 40/65 (61%)
Query: 7 DPYVKVYLLYKGQRVAKKKTHVKKRTLNPVYNESFVFEVPADNLDSVSLELLLLDWDRVT 66
DP+VK+YL + +K KT VKK+TLNP +NE F +++ +L +LE+ + D D
Sbjct: 35 DPFVKLYLKPDAGKKSKHKTQVKKKTLNPEFNEEFFYDIKHSDLAKKTLEITVWDKDIGK 94
Query: 67 KNEKI 71
N+ I
Sbjct: 95 SNDYI 99
>gnl|CDD|175992 cd04026, C2_PKC_alpha_gamma, C2 domain in Protein Kinase C (PKC)
alpha and gamma. A single C2 domain is found in PKC
alpha and gamma. The PKC family of serine/threonine
kinases regulates apoptosis, proliferation, migration,
motility, chemo-resistance, and differentiation. There
are 3 groups: group 1(alpha, betaI, beta II, gamma)
which require phospholipids and calcium, group 2
(delta, epsilon, theta, eta) which do not require
calcium for activation, and group 3 (xi, iota/lambda)
which are atypical and can be activated in the absence
of diacylglycerol and calcium. C2 domains fold into an
8-standed beta-sandwich that can adopt 2 structural
arrangements: Type I and Type II, distinguished by a
circular permutation involving their N- and C-terminal
beta strands. Many C2 domains are Ca2+-dependent
membrane-targeting modules that bind a wide variety of
substances including bind phospholipids, inositol
polyphosphates, and intracellular proteins. Most C2
domain proteins are either signal transduction enzymes
that contain a single C2 domain, such as protein kinase
C, or membrane trafficking proteins which contain at
least two C2 domains, such as synaptotagmin 1.
However, there are a few exceptions to this including
RIM isoforms and some splice variants of
piccolo/aczonin and intersectin which only have a
single C2 domain. C2 domains with a calcium binding
region have negatively charged residues, primarily
aspartates, that serve as ligands for calcium ions.
Members here have a type-I topology.
Length = 131
Score = 66.5 bits (163), Expect = 8e-16
Identities = 30/64 (46%), Positives = 44/64 (68%), Gaps = 3/64 (4%)
Query: 7 DPYVKVYLLYKGQRVAKKKTHVKKRTLNPVYNESFVFEV-PADNLDSVSLELLLLDWDRV 65
DPYVK+ L+ + K+KT K+TLNPV+NE+F F++ PAD +S+E + DWDR
Sbjct: 35 DPYVKLKLIPDPKNETKQKTKTIKKTLNPVWNETFTFDLKPADKDRRLSIE--VWDWDRT 92
Query: 66 TKNE 69
T+N+
Sbjct: 93 TRND 96
>gnl|CDD|176051 cd08406, C2B_Synaptotagmin-12, C2 domain second repeat present in
Synaptotagmin 12. Synaptotagmin is a
membrane-trafficking protein characterized by a
N-terminal transmembrane region, a linker, and 2
C-terminal C2 domains. Synaptotagmin 12, a member of
class 6 synaptotagmins, is located in the brain. It
functions are unknown. It, like synaptotagmins 8 and
13, do not have any consensus Ca2+ binding sites.
Previously all synaptotagmins were thought to be
calcium sensors in the regulation of neurotransmitter
release and hormone secretion, but it has been shown
that not all of them bind calcium. Of the 17
identified synaptotagmins only 8 bind calcium (1-3,
5-7, 9, 10). The function of the two C2 domains that
bind calcium are: regulating the fusion step of
synaptic vesicle exocytosis (C2A) and binding to
phosphatidyl-inositol-3,4,5-triphosphate (PIP3) in the
absence of calcium ions and to phosphatidylinositol
bisphosphate (PIP2) in their presence (C2B). C2B also
regulates also the recycling step of synaptic vesicles.
C2 domains fold into an 8-standed beta-sandwich that
can adopt 2 structural arrangements: Type I and Type
II, distinguished by a circular permutation involving
their N- and C-terminal beta strands. Many C2 domains
are Ca2+-dependent membrane-targeting modules that bind
a wide variety of substances including bind
phospholipids, inositol polyphosphates, and
intracellular proteins. Most C2 domain proteins are
either signal transduction enzymes that contain a
single C2 domain, such as protein kinase C, or membrane
trafficking proteins which contain at least two C2
domains, such as synaptotagmin 1. However, there are a
few exceptions to this including RIM isoforms and some
splice variants of piccolo/aczonin and intersectin
which only have a single C2 domain. C2 domains with a
calcium binding region have negatively charged
residues, primarily aspartates, that serve as ligands
for calcium ions. This cd contains the second C2
repeat, C2B, and has a type-I topology.
Length = 136
Score = 66.7 bits (163), Expect = 8e-16
Identities = 26/51 (50%), Positives = 38/51 (74%)
Query: 7 DPYVKVYLLYKGQRVAKKKTHVKKRTLNPVYNESFVFEVPADNLDSVSLEL 57
DP+VKVYLL G++++KKKT VK+ NP++NE+ +F VPA L +SL +
Sbjct: 37 DPFVKVYLLQDGRKISKKKTSVKRDDTNPIFNEAMIFSVPAIVLQDLSLRV 87
>gnl|CDD|175987 cd04020, C2B_SLP_1-2-3-4, C2 domain second repeat present in
Synaptotagmin-like proteins 1-4. All Slp members
basically share an N-terminal Slp homology domain (SHD)
and C-terminal tandem C2 domains (named the C2A domain
and the C2B domain) with the SHD and C2 domains being
separated by a linker sequence of various length.
Slp1/JFC1 and Slp2/exophilin 4 promote granule docking
to the plasma membrane. Additionally, their C2A domains
are both Ca2+ independent, unlike the case in Slp3 and
Slp4/granuphilin in which their C2A domains are Ca2+
dependent. It is thought that SHD (except for the
Slp4-SHD) functions as a specific Rab27A/B-binding
domain. In addition to Slps, rabphilin, Noc2, and
Munc13-4 also function as Rab27-binding proteins. It has
been demonstrated that Slp3 and Slp4/granuphilin promote
dense-core vesicle exocytosis. C2 domains fold into an
8-standed beta-sandwich that can adopt 2 structural
arrangements: Type I and Type II, distinguished by a
circular permutation involving their N- and C-terminal
beta strands. Many C2 domains are Ca2+-dependent
membrane-targeting modules that bind a wide variety of
substances including bind phospholipids, inositol
polyphosphates, and intracellular proteins. Most C2
domain proteins are either signal transduction enzymes
that contain a single C2 domain, such as protein kinase
C, or membrane trafficking proteins which contain at
least two C2 domains, such as synaptotagmin 1. However,
there are a few exceptions to this including RIM
isoforms and some splice variants of piccolo/aczonin and
intersectin which only have a single C2 domain. C2
domains with a calcium binding region have negatively
charged residues, primarily aspartates, that serve as
ligands for calcium ions. This cd contains the second
C2 repeat, C2B, and has a type-I topology.
Length = 162
Score = 65.0 bits (159), Expect = 5e-15
Identities = 25/70 (35%), Positives = 44/70 (62%), Gaps = 1/70 (1%)
Query: 3 DNELDPYVKVYLLYKGQRVAKKKTHVKKRTLNPVYNESFVFE-VPADNLDSVSLELLLLD 61
D +VK YLL + +K+KT V K+++NPV+N +FV++ V ++L LEL + D
Sbjct: 45 GGTSDSFVKCYLLPDKSKKSKQKTPVVKKSVNPVWNHTFVYDGVSPEDLSQACLELTVWD 104
Query: 62 WDRVTKNEKI 71
D+++ N+ +
Sbjct: 105 HDKLSSNDFL 114
>gnl|CDD|175996 cd04030, C2C_KIAA1228, C2 domain third repeat present in
uncharacterized human KIAA1228-like proteins. KIAA
proteins are uncharacterized human proteins. They were
compiled by the Kazusa mammalian cDNA project which
identified more than 2000 human genes. They are
identified by 4 digit codes that precede the KIAA
designation. Many KIAA genes are still functionally
uncharacterized including KIAA1228. C2 domains fold
into an 8-standed beta-sandwich that can adopt 2
structural arrangements: Type I and Type II,
distinguished by a circular permutation involving their
N- and C-terminal beta strands. Many C2 domains are
Ca2+-dependent membrane-targeting modules that bind a
wide variety of substances including bind
phospholipids, inositol polyphosphates, and
intracellular proteins. Most C2 domain proteins are
either signal transduction enzymes that contain a
single C2 domain, such as protein kinase C, or membrane
trafficking proteins which contain at least two C2
domains, such as synaptotagmin 1. However, there are a
few exceptions to this including RIM isoforms and some
splice variants of piccolo/aczonin and intersectin
which only have a single C2 domain. C2 domains with a
calcium binding region have negatively charged
residues, primarily aspartates, that serve as ligands
for calcium ions. This cd contains the third C2 repeat,
C2C, and has a type-II topology.
Length = 127
Score = 63.1 bits (154), Expect = 1e-14
Identities = 22/56 (39%), Positives = 35/56 (62%)
Query: 2 KDNELDPYVKVYLLYKGQRVAKKKTHVKKRTLNPVYNESFVFEVPADNLDSVSLEL 57
+ DPYV++YLL + ++KT VKK LNPV++E+F F V + L +L++
Sbjct: 33 SSDIPDPYVRLYLLPDKSKSTRRKTSVKKDNLNPVFDETFEFPVSLEELKRRTLDV 88
>gnl|CDD|176056 cd08521, C2A_SLP, C2 domain first repeat present in
Synaptotagmin-like proteins. All Slp members basically
share an N-terminal Slp homology domain (SHD) and
C-terminal tandem C2 domains (named the C2A domain and
the C2B domain) with the SHD and C2 domains being
separated by a linker sequence of various length.
Slp1/JFC1 and Slp2/exophilin 4 promote granule docking
to the plasma membrane. Additionally, their C2A
domains are both Ca2+ independent, unlike the case in
Slp3 and Slp4/granuphilin in which their C2A domains
are Ca2+ dependent. It is thought that SHD (except for
the Slp4-SHD) functions as a specific Rab27A/B-binding
domain. In addition to Slps, rabphilin, Noc2, and
Munc13-4 also function as Rab27-binding proteins. It
has been demonstrated that Slp3 and Slp4/granuphilin
promote dense-core vesicle exocytosis. Slp5 mRNA has
been shown to be restricted to human placenta and liver
suggesting a role in Rab27A-dependent membrane
trafficking in specific tissues. C2 domains fold into
an 8-standed beta-sandwich that can adopt 2 structural
arrangements: Type I and Type II, distinguished by a
circular permutation involving their N- and C-terminal
beta strands. Many C2 domains are Ca2+-dependent
membrane-targeting modules that bind a wide variety of
substances including bind phospholipids, inositol
polyphosphates, and intracellular proteins. Most C2
domain proteins are either signal transduction enzymes
that contain a single C2 domain, such as protein kinase
C, or membrane trafficking proteins which contain at
least two C2 domains, such as synaptotagmin 1.
However, there are a few exceptions to this including
RIM isoforms and some splice variants of
piccolo/aczonin and intersectin which only have a
single C2 domain. C2 domains with a calcium binding
region have negatively charged residues, primarily
aspartates, that serve as ligands for calcium ions.
This cd contains the first C2 repeat, C2A, and has a
type-I topology.
Length = 123
Score = 61.5 bits (150), Expect = 7e-14
Identities = 23/51 (45%), Positives = 35/51 (68%)
Query: 7 DPYVKVYLLYKGQRVAKKKTHVKKRTLNPVYNESFVFEVPADNLDSVSLEL 57
+PYVKVYLL + +K+KT VKK T NPV+NE+ + + L++ +L+L
Sbjct: 37 NPYVKVYLLPDKSKQSKRKTSVKKNTTNPVFNETLKYHISKSQLETRTLQL 87
>gnl|CDD|176027 cd08381, C2B_PI3K_class_II, C2 domain second repeat present in
class II phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI3Ks). There
are 3 classes of PI3Ks based on structure, regulation,
and specificity. All classes contain a N-terminal C2
domain, a PIK domain, and a kinase catalytic domain.
Unlike class I and class III, class II PI3Ks have
additionally a PX domain and a C-terminal C2 domain
containing a nuclear localization signal both of which
bind phospholipids though in a slightly different
fashion. PI3Ks (AKA phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns)
3-kinases) regulate cell processes such as cell growth,
differentiation, proliferation, and motility. PI3Ks work
on phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol,
phosphatidylinositide (4)P (PtdIns (4)P),2 or
PtdIns(4,5)P2. Specifically they phosphorylate the D3
hydroxyl group of phosphoinositol lipids on the inositol
ring. C2 domains fold into an 8-standed beta-sandwich
that can adopt 2 structural arrangements: Type I and
Type II, distinguished by a circular permutation
involving their N- and C-terminal beta strands. Many C2
domains are Ca2+-dependent membrane-targeting modules
that bind a wide variety of substances including bind
phospholipids, inositol polyphosphates, and
intracellular proteins. Most C2 domain proteins are
either signal transduction enzymes that contain a single
C2 domain, such as protein kinase C, or membrane
trafficking proteins which contain at least two C2
domains, such as synaptotagmin 1. However, there are a
few exceptions to this including RIM isoforms and some
splice variants of piccolo/aczonin and intersectin which
only have a single C2 domain. C2 domains with a calcium
binding region have negatively charged residues,
primarily aspartates, that serve as ligands for calcium
ions. This cd contains the second C2 repeat, C2B, and
has a type-I topology.
Length = 122
Score = 60.0 bits (146), Expect = 2e-13
Identities = 25/70 (35%), Positives = 41/70 (58%), Gaps = 1/70 (1%)
Query: 7 DPYVKVYLLYKGQRVAKKKTHVKKRTLNPVYNESFVFE-VPADNLDSVSLELLLLDWDRV 65
DPYVK YLL Q+ K+KT V ++T NP +NE V++ +P ++L L++ + D +
Sbjct: 34 DPYVKTYLLPDPQKTTKRKTKVVRKTRNPTFNEMLVYDGLPVEDLQQRVLQVSVWSHDSL 93
Query: 66 TKNEKIFFFF 75
+NE +
Sbjct: 94 VENEFLGGVC 103
>gnl|CDD|176039 cd08393, C2A_SLP-1_2, C2 domain first repeat present in
Synaptotagmin-like proteins 1 and 2. All Slp members
basically share an N-terminal Slp homology domain (SHD)
and C-terminal tandem C2 domains (named the C2A domain
and the C2B domain) with the SHD and C2 domains being
separated by a linker sequence of various length.
Slp1/JFC1 and Slp2/exophilin 4 promote granule docking
to the plasma membrane. Additionally, their C2A
domains are both Ca2+ independent, unlike Slp3 and
Slp4/granuphilin which are Ca2+ dependent. It is
thought that SHD (except for the Slp4-SHD) functions as
a specific Rab27A/B-binding domain. In addition to
Slps, rabphilin, Noc2, and Munc13-4 also function as
Rab27-binding proteins. C2 domains fold into an
8-standed beta-sandwich that can adopt 2 structural
arrangements: Type I and Type II, distinguished by a
circular permutation involving their N- and C-terminal
beta strands. Many C2 domains are Ca2+-dependent
membrane-targeting modules that bind a wide variety of
substances including bind phospholipids, inositol
polyphosphates, and intracellular proteins. Most C2
domain proteins are either signal transduction enzymes
that contain a single C2 domain, such as protein kinase
C, or membrane trafficking proteins which contain at
least two C2 domains, such as synaptotagmin 1.
However, there are a few exceptions to this including
RIM isoforms and some splice variants of
piccolo/aczonin and intersectin which only have a
single C2 domain. C2 domains with a calcium binding
region have negatively charged residues, primarily
aspartates, that serve as ligands for calcium ions.
This cd contains the first C2 repeat, C2A, and has a
type-I topology.
Length = 125
Score = 60.1 bits (146), Expect = 2e-13
Identities = 27/62 (43%), Positives = 38/62 (61%)
Query: 7 DPYVKVYLLYKGQRVAKKKTHVKKRTLNPVYNESFVFEVPADNLDSVSLELLLLDWDRVT 66
DPYVK YLL K+KT VKK+TLNPV+NE+ ++V + L + L L + D +
Sbjct: 38 DPYVKTYLLPDKSNRGKRKTSVKKKTLNPVFNETLRYKVEREELPTRVLNLSVWHRDSLG 97
Query: 67 KN 68
+N
Sbjct: 98 RN 99
>gnl|CDD|214577 smart00239, C2, Protein kinase C conserved region 2 (CalB).
Ca2+-binding motif present in phospholipases, protein
kinases C, and synaptotagmins (among others). Some do
not appear to contain Ca2+-binding sites. Particular
C2s appear to bind phospholipids, inositol
polyphosphates, and intracellular proteins. Unusual
occurrence in perforin. Synaptotagmin and PLC C2s are
permuted in sequence with respect to N- and C-terminal
beta strands. SMART detects C2 domains using one or
both of two profiles.
Length = 101
Score = 59.4 bits (144), Expect = 3e-13
Identities = 32/65 (49%), Positives = 40/65 (61%), Gaps = 4/65 (6%)
Query: 7 DPYVKVYLLYKGQRVAKKKTHVKKRTLNPVYNESFVFEVPADNLDSVSLELLLLDWDRVT 66
DPYVKV L G KKKT V K TLNPV+NE+F FEVP L + +E + D DR
Sbjct: 22 DPYVKVSLD--GDPKEKKKTKVVKNTLNPVWNETFEFEVPPPELAELEIE--VYDKDRFG 77
Query: 67 KNEKI 71
+++ I
Sbjct: 78 RDDFI 82
>gnl|CDD|176033 cd08387, C2A_Synaptotagmin-8, C2A domain first repeat present in
Synaptotagmin 8. Synaptotagmin is a
membrane-trafficking protein characterized by a
N-terminal transmembrane region, a linker, and 2
C-terminal C2 domains. Previously all synaptotagmins
were thought to be calcium sensors in the regulation of
neurotransmitter release and hormone secretion, but it
has been shown that not all of them bind calcium. Of
the 17 identified synaptotagmins only 8 bind calcium
(1-3, 5-7, 9, 10). The function of the two C2 domains
that bind calcium are: regulating the fusion step of
synaptic vesicle exocytosis (C2A) and binding to
phosphatidyl-inositol-3,4,5-triphosphate (PIP3) in the
absence of calcium ions and to phosphatidylinositol
bisphosphate (PIP2) in their presence (C2B). C2B also
regulates also the recycling step of synaptic vesicles.
C2 domains fold into an 8-standed beta-sandwich that can
adopt 2 structural arrangements: Type I and Type II,
distinguished by a circular permutation involving their
N- and C-terminal beta strands. Many C2 domains are
Ca2+-dependent membrane-targeting modules that bind a
wide variety of substances including bind phospholipids,
inositol polyphosphates, and intracellular proteins.
Most C2 domain proteins are either signal transduction
enzymes that contain a single C2 domain, such as protein
kinase C, or membrane trafficking proteins which contain
at least two C2 domains, such as synaptotagmin 1.
However, there are a few exceptions to this including
RIM isoforms and some splice variants of piccolo/aczonin
and intersectin which only have a single C2 domain. C2
domains with a calcium binding region have negatively
charged residues, primarily aspartates, that serve as
ligands for calcium ions. This cd contains the first C2
repeat, C2A, and has a type-I topology.
Length = 124
Score = 59.3 bits (144), Expect = 4e-13
Identities = 30/65 (46%), Positives = 43/65 (66%), Gaps = 2/65 (3%)
Query: 7 DPYVKVYLLYKGQRVAKKKTHVKKRTLNPVYNESFVFEVPADNLDSVSLELLLLDWDRVT 66
DPY KV LL K++ + K+TLNP ++ESFVFEVP L +LE+LL D+D+ +
Sbjct: 38 DPYCKVRLLPDRSNT--KQSKIHKKTLNPEFDESFVFEVPPQELPKRTLEVLLYDFDQFS 95
Query: 67 KNEKI 71
++E I
Sbjct: 96 RDECI 100
>gnl|CDD|176036 cd08390, C2A_Synaptotagmin-15-17, C2A domain first repeat present
in Synaptotagmins 15 and 17. Synaptotagmin is a
membrane-trafficking protein characterized by a
N-terminal transmembrane region, a linker, and 2
C-terminal C2 domains. It is thought to be involved in
the trafficking and exocytosis of secretory vesicles in
non-neuronal tissues and is Ca2+ independent. Human
synaptotagmin 15 has 2 alternatively spliced forms that
encode proteins with different C-termini. The larger,
SYT15a, contains a N-terminal TM region, a putative
fatty-acylation site, and 2 tandem C terminal C2
domains. The smaller, SYT15b, lacks the C-terminal
portion of the second C2 domain. Unlike most other
synaptotagmins it is nearly absent in the brain and
rather is found in the heart, lungs, skeletal muscle,
and testis. Synaptotagmin 17 is located in the brain,
kidney, and prostate and is thought to be a peripheral
membrane protein. Previously all synaptotagmins were
thought to be calcium sensors in the regulation of
neurotransmitter release and hormone secretion, but it
has been shown that not all of them bind calcium. Of
the 17 identified synaptotagmins only 8 bind calcium
(1-3, 5-7, 9, 10). The function of the two C2 domains
that bind calcium are: regulating the fusion step of
synaptic vesicle exocytosis (C2A) and binding to
phosphatidyl-inositol-3,4,5-triphosphate (PIP3) in the
absence of calcium ions and to phosphatidylinositol
bisphosphate (PIP2) in their presence (C2B). C2B also
regulates also the recycling step of synaptic vesicles.
C2 domains fold into an 8-standed beta-sandwich that
can adopt 2 structural arrangements: Type I and Type
II, distinguished by a circular permutation involving
their N- and C-terminal beta strands. Many C2 domains
are Ca2+-dependent membrane-targeting modules that bind
a wide variety of substances including bind
phospholipids, inositol polyphosphates, and
intracellular proteins. Most C2 domain proteins are
either signal transduction enzymes that contain a
single C2 domain, such as protein kinase C, or membrane
trafficking proteins which contain at least two C2
domains, such as synaptotagmin 1. However, there are a
few exceptions to this including RIM isoforms and some
splice variants of piccolo/aczonin and intersectin
which only have a single C2 domain. C2 domains with a
calcium binding region have negatively charged
residues, primarily aspartates, that serve as ligands
for calcium ions. This cd contains the first C2 repeat,
C2A, and has a type-I topology.
Length = 123
Score = 59.2 bits (144), Expect = 5e-13
Identities = 24/58 (41%), Positives = 36/58 (62%), Gaps = 2/58 (3%)
Query: 7 DPYVKVYLLYKGQRVAKKKTHVKKRTLNPVYNESFVFEVPADNLDSVSLELLLLDWDR 64
DP+VKV LL +R ++ VK++T NP ++E+FVF+V L +L L + D DR
Sbjct: 37 DPFVKVCLLPDERRS--LQSKVKRKTQNPNFDETFVFQVSFKELQRRTLRLSVYDVDR 92
>gnl|CDD|176031 cd08385, C2A_Synaptotagmin-1-5-6-9-10, C2A domain first repeat
present in Synaptotagmins 1, 5, 6, 9, and 10.
Synaptotagmin is a membrane-trafficking protein
characterized by a N-terminal transmembrane region, a
linker, and 2 C-terminal C2 domains. Synaptotagmin 1, a
member of class 1 synaptotagmins, is located in the
brain and endocranium and localized to the synaptic
vesicles and secretory granules. It functions as a Ca2+
sensor for fast exocytosis as do synaptotagmins 5, 6,
and 10. It is distinguished from the other
synaptotagmins by having an N-glycosylated N-terminus.
Synaptotagmins 5, 6, and 10, members of class 3
synaptotagmins, are located primarily in the brain and
localized to the active zone and plasma membrane. They
is distinguished from the other synaptotagmins by having
disulfide bonds at its N-terminus. Synaptotagmin 6 also
regulates the acrosome reaction, a unique Ca2+-regulated
exocytosis, in sperm. Synaptotagmin 9, a class 5
synaptotagmins, is located in the brain and localized to
the synaptic vesicles. It is thought to be a
Ca2+-sensor for dense-core vesicle exocytosis.
Previously all synaptotagmins were thought to be calcium
sensors in the regulation of neurotransmitter release
and hormone secretion, but it has been shown that not
all of them bind calcium. Of the 17 identified
synaptotagmins only 8 bind calcium (1-3, 5-7, 9, 10).
The function of the two C2 domains that bind calcium
are: regulating the fusion step of synaptic vesicle
exocytosis (C2A) and binding to
phosphatidyl-inositol-3,4,5-triphosphate (PIP3) in the
absence of calcium ions and to phosphatidylinositol
bisphosphate (PIP2) in their presence (C2B). C2B also
regulates also the recycling step of synaptic vesicles.
C2 domains fold into an 8-standed beta-sandwich that can
adopt 2 structural arrangements: Type I and Type II,
distinguished by a circular permutation involving their
N- and C-terminal beta strands. Many C2 domains are
Ca2+-dependent membrane-targeting modules that bind a
wide variety of substances including bind phospholipids,
inositol polyphosphates, and intracellular proteins.
Most C2 domain proteins are either signal transduction
enzymes that contain a single C2 domain, such as protein
kinase C, or membrane trafficking proteins which contain
at least two C2 domains, such as synaptotagmin 1.
However, there are a few exceptions to this including
RIM isoforms and some splice variants of piccolo/aczonin
and intersectin which only have a single C2 domain. C2
domains with a calcium binding region have negatively
charged residues, primarily aspartates, that serve as
ligands for calcium ions. This cd contains the first C2
repeat, C2A, and has a type-I topology.
Length = 124
Score = 59.2 bits (144), Expect = 5e-13
Identities = 30/65 (46%), Positives = 44/65 (67%), Gaps = 2/65 (3%)
Query: 7 DPYVKVYLLYKGQRVAKKKTHVKKRTLNPVYNESFVFEVPADNLDSVSLELLLLDWDRVT 66
DPYVKVYLL + K +T V ++TLNPV+NE+F F+VP L + +L + D+DR +
Sbjct: 38 DPYVKVYLL--PDKKKKFETKVHRKTLNPVFNETFTFKVPYSELGNKTLVFSVYDFDRFS 95
Query: 67 KNEKI 71
K++ I
Sbjct: 96 KHDLI 100
>gnl|CDD|175973 cd00030, C2, C2 domain. The C2 domain was first identified in
PKC. C2 domains fold into an 8-standed beta-sandwich
that can adopt 2 structural arrangements: Type I and
Type II, distinguished by a circular permutation
involving their N- and C-terminal beta strands. Many C2
domains are Ca2+-dependent membrane-targeting modules
that bind a wide variety of substances including bind
phospholipids, inositol polyphosphates, and
intracellular proteins. Most C2 domain proteins are
either signal transduction enzymes that contain a
single C2 domain, such as protein kinase C, or membrane
trafficking proteins which contain at least two C2
domains, such as synaptotagmin 1. However, there are a
few exceptions to this including RIM isoforms and some
splice variants of piccolo/aczonin and intersectin
which only have a single C2 domain. C2 domains with a
calcium binding region have negatively charged
residues, primarily aspartates, that serve as ligands
for calcium ions.
Length = 102
Score = 58.2 bits (141), Expect = 6e-13
Identities = 29/65 (44%), Positives = 40/65 (61%), Gaps = 6/65 (9%)
Query: 7 DPYVKVYLLYKGQRVAKKKTHVKKRTLNPVYNESFVFEVPADNLDSVSLELLLLDWDRVT 66
DPYVKV L K K KT V K TLNPV+NE+F F V + +S +L + + D DR +
Sbjct: 21 DPYVKVSLGGK----QKFKTKVVKNTLNPVWNETFEFPVL--DPESDTLTVEVWDKDRFS 74
Query: 67 KNEKI 71
K++ +
Sbjct: 75 KDDFL 79
>gnl|CDD|176005 cd04040, C2D_Tricalbin-like, C2 domain fourth repeat present in
Tricalbin-like proteins. 5 to 6 copies of the C2
domain are present in Tricalbin, a yeast homolog of
Synaptotagmin, which is involved in membrane
trafficking and sorting. C2 domains fold into an
8-standed beta-sandwich that can adopt 2 structural
arrangements: Type I and Type II, distinguished by a
circular permutation involving their N- and C-terminal
beta strands. Many C2 domains are Ca2+-dependent
membrane-targeting modules that bind a wide variety of
substances including bind phospholipids, inositol
polyphosphates, and intracellular proteins. Most C2
domain proteins are either signal transduction enzymes
that contain a single C2 domain, such as protein kinase
C, or membrane trafficking proteins which contain at
least two C2 domains, such as synaptotagmin 1.
However, there are a few exceptions to this including
RIM isoforms and some splice variants of
piccolo/aczonin and intersectin which only have a
single C2 domain. C2 domains with a calcium binding
region have negatively charged residues, primarily
aspartates, that serve as ligands for calcium ions.
This cd contains the fifth C2 repeat, C2E, and has a
type-II topology.
Length = 115
Score = 58.7 bits (143), Expect = 7e-13
Identities = 28/65 (43%), Positives = 40/65 (61%), Gaps = 6/65 (9%)
Query: 7 DPYVKVYLLYKGQRVAKKKTHVKKRTLNPVYNESFVFEVPADNLDSVSLELLLLDWDRVT 66
DP+VK YL G++V K T K+TLNPV+NESF VP+ + +E + DWDR
Sbjct: 21 DPFVKFYL--NGEKVFK--TKTIKKTLNPVWNESFEVPVPSRVRAVLKVE--VYDWDRGG 74
Query: 67 KNEKI 71
K++ +
Sbjct: 75 KDDLL 79
>gnl|CDD|176032 cd08386, C2A_Synaptotagmin-7, C2A domain first repeat present in
Synaptotagmin 7. Synaptotagmin is a
membrane-trafficking protein characterized by a
N-terminal transmembrane region, a linker, and 2
C-terminal C2 domains. Synaptotagmin 7, a member of
class 2 synaptotagmins, is located in presynaptic plasma
membranes in neurons, dense-core vesicles in endocrine
cells, and lysosomes in fibroblasts. It has been shown
to play a role in regulation of Ca2+-dependent lysosomal
exocytosis in fibroblasts and may also function as a
vesicular Ca2+-sensor. It is distinguished from the
other synaptotagmins by having over 12 splice forms.
Previously all synaptotagmins were thought to be calcium
sensors in the regulation of neurotransmitter release
and hormone secretion, but it has been shown that not
all of them bind calcium. Of the 17 identified
synaptotagmins only 8 bind calcium (1-3, 5-7, 9, 10).
The function of the two C2 domains that bind calcium
are: regulating the fusion step of synaptic vesicle
exocytosis (C2A) and binding to
phosphatidyl-inositol-3,4,5-triphosphate (PIP3) in the
absence of calcium ions and to phosphatidylinositol
bisphosphate (PIP2) in their presence (C2B). C2B also
regulates also the recycling step of synaptic vesicles.
C2 domains fold into an 8-standed beta-sandwich that can
adopt 2 structural arrangements: Type I and Type II,
distinguished by a circular permutation involving their
N- and C-terminal beta strands. Many C2 domains are
Ca2+-dependent membrane-targeting modules that bind a
wide variety of substances including bind phospholipids,
inositol polyphosphates, and intracellular proteins.
Most C2 domain proteins are either signal transduction
enzymes that contain a single C2 domain, such as protein
kinase C, or membrane trafficking proteins which contain
at least two C2 domains, such as synaptotagmin 1.
However, there are a few exceptions to this including
RIM isoforms and some splice variants of piccolo/aczonin
and intersectin which only have a single C2 domain. C2
domains with a calcium binding region have negatively
charged residues, primarily aspartates, that serve as
ligands for calcium ions. This cd contains the first C2
repeat, C2A, and has a type-I topology.
Length = 125
Score = 56.6 bits (137), Expect = 5e-12
Identities = 29/66 (43%), Positives = 44/66 (66%), Gaps = 3/66 (4%)
Query: 7 DPYVKVYLLYKGQRVAKKKTHVKKRTLNPVYNESFVFE-VPADNLDSVSLELLLLDWDRV 65
DP+VK+YLL + K +T VK++ LNP +NE+F+FE P + L L L +LD+DR
Sbjct: 38 DPFVKIYLLPDKKH--KLETKVKRKNLNPHWNETFLFEGFPYEKLQQRVLYLQVLDYDRF 95
Query: 66 TKNEKI 71
++N+ I
Sbjct: 96 SRNDPI 101
>gnl|CDD|176055 cd08410, C2B_Synaptotagmin-17, C2 domain second repeat present in
Synaptotagmin 17. Synaptotagmin is a
membrane-trafficking protein characterized by a
N-terminal transmembrane region, a linker, and 2
C-terminal C2 domains. Synaptotagmin 17 is located in
the brain, kidney, and prostate and is thought to be a
peripheral membrane protein. Previously all
synaptotagmins were thought to be calcium sensors in the
regulation of neurotransmitter release and hormone
secretion, but it has been shown that not all of them
bind calcium. Of the 17 identified synaptotagmins only
8 bind calcium (1-3, 5-7, 9, 10). The function of the
two C2 domains that bind calcium are: regulating the
fusion step of synaptic vesicle exocytosis (C2A) and
binding to phosphatidyl-inositol-3,4,5-triphosphate
(PIP3) in the absence of calcium ions and to
phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate (PIP2) in their
presence (C2B). C2B also regulates also the recycling
step of synaptic vesicles. C2 domains fold into an
8-standed beta-sandwich that can adopt 2 structural
arrangements: Type I and Type II, distinguished by a
circular permutation involving their N- and C-terminal
beta strands. Many C2 domains are Ca2+-dependent
membrane-targeting modules that bind a wide variety of
substances including bind phospholipids, inositol
polyphosphates, and intracellular proteins. Most C2
domain proteins are either signal transduction enzymes
that contain a single C2 domain, such as protein kinase
C, or membrane trafficking proteins which contain at
least two C2 domains, such as synaptotagmin 1. However,
there are a few exceptions to this including RIM
isoforms and some splice variants of piccolo/aczonin and
intersectin which only have a single C2 domain. C2
domains with a calcium binding region have negatively
charged residues, primarily aspartates, that serve as
ligands for calcium ions. This cd contains the second C2
repeat, C2B, and has a type-I topology.
Length = 135
Score = 56.4 bits (136), Expect = 8e-12
Identities = 29/79 (36%), Positives = 48/79 (60%), Gaps = 5/79 (6%)
Query: 7 DPYVKVYLLYKGQRVAK-KKTHVKKRTLNPVYNESFVFEVPADNLDSVSLELLLLDWDRV 65
DP+VK+ L++ G ++ K KKT + T++P YNESF F+VP + L++VSL + +
Sbjct: 36 DPFVKIQLVH-GLKLIKTKKTSCMRGTIDPFYNESFSFKVPQEELENVSLVFTVYGHNVK 94
Query: 66 TKNE---KIFFFFFSSSSS 81
+ N+ +I +SS S
Sbjct: 95 SSNDFIGRIVIGQYSSGPS 113
>gnl|CDD|175997 cd04031, C2A_RIM1alpha, C2 domain first repeat contained in
Rab3-interacting molecule (RIM) proteins. RIMs are
believed to organize specialized sites of the plasma
membrane called active zones. They also play a role in
controlling neurotransmitter release, plasticity
processes, as well as memory and learning. RIM contains
an N-terminal zinc finger domain, a PDZ domain, and two
C-terminal C2 domains (C2A, C2B). C2 domains fold into
an 8-standed beta-sandwich that can adopt 2 structural
arrangements: Type I and Type II, distinguished by a
circular permutation involving their N- and C-terminal
beta strands. Many C2 domains are Ca2+-dependent
membrane-targeting modules that bind a wide variety of
substances including bind phospholipids, inositol
polyphosphates, and intracellular proteins. Most C2
domain proteins are either signal transduction enzymes
that contain a single C2 domain, such as protein kinase
C, or membrane trafficking proteins which contain at
least two C2 domains, such as synaptotagmin 1. However,
there are a few exceptions to this including RIM
isoforms and some splice variants of piccolo/aczonin and
intersectin which only have a single C2 domain. C2
domains with a calcium binding region have negatively
charged residues, primarily aspartates, that serve as
ligands for calcium ions. Members here have a type-I
topology and do not bind Ca2+.
Length = 125
Score = 55.3 bits (134), Expect = 2e-11
Identities = 25/64 (39%), Positives = 41/64 (64%), Gaps = 1/64 (1%)
Query: 7 DPYVKVYLLYKGQRVAKKKTHVKKRTLNPVYNESFVF-EVPADNLDSVSLELLLLDWDRV 65
+PYVKVYLL +K++T K+TLNP +N++F + V + L +LE+ + D+DR
Sbjct: 38 NPYVKVYLLPDRSEKSKRRTKTVKKTLNPEWNQTFEYSNVRRETLKERTLEVTVWDYDRD 97
Query: 66 TKNE 69
+N+
Sbjct: 98 GEND 101
>gnl|CDD|175995 cd04029, C2A_SLP-4_5, C2 domain first repeat present in
Synaptotagmin-like proteins 4 and 5. All Slp members
basically share an N-terminal Slp homology domain (SHD)
and C-terminal tandem C2 domains (named the C2A domain
and the C2B domain) with the SHD and C2 domains being
separated by a linker sequence of various length. SHD
of Slp (except for the Slp4-SHD) function as a specific
Rab27A/B-binding domain. In addition to Slp,
rabphilin, Noc2, and Munc13-4 also function as
Rab27-binding proteins. It has been demonstrated that
Slp4/granuphilin promotes dense-core vesicle
exocytosis. The C2A domain of Slp4 is Ca2+ dependent.
Slp5 mRNA has been shown to be restricted to human
placenta and liver suggesting a role in
Rab27A-dependent membrane trafficking in specific
tissues. C2 domains fold into an 8-standed
beta-sandwich that can adopt 2 structural arrangements:
Type I and Type II, distinguished by a circular
permutation involving their N- and C-terminal beta
strands. Many C2 domains are Ca2+-dependent
membrane-targeting modules that bind a wide variety of
substances including bind phospholipids, inositol
polyphosphates, and intracellular proteins. Most C2
domain proteins are either signal transduction enzymes
that contain a single C2 domain, such as protein kinase
C, or membrane trafficking proteins which contain at
least two C2 domains, such as synaptotagmin 1.
However, there are a few exceptions to this including
RIM isoforms and some splice variants of
piccolo/aczonin and intersectin which only have a
single C2 domain. C2 domains with a calcium binding
region have negatively charged residues, primarily
aspartates, that serve as ligands for calcium ions.
This cd contains the first C2 repeat, C2A, and has a
type-I topology.
Length = 125
Score = 54.0 bits (130), Expect = 6e-11
Identities = 25/62 (40%), Positives = 40/62 (64%)
Query: 7 DPYVKVYLLYKGQRVAKKKTHVKKRTLNPVYNESFVFEVPADNLDSVSLELLLLDWDRVT 66
+PYVK YLL R +K+KT +K+ T NPVYNE+ + + L++ +L+L + +DR
Sbjct: 38 NPYVKTYLLPDKSRQSKRKTSIKRNTTNPVYNETLKYSISHSQLETRTLQLSVWHYDRFG 97
Query: 67 KN 68
+N
Sbjct: 98 RN 99
>gnl|CDD|175976 cd04009, C2B_Munc13-like, C2 domain second repeat in Munc13
(mammalian uncoordinated)-like proteins. C2-like
domains are thought to be involved in phospholipid
binding in a Ca2+ independent manner in both Unc13 and
Munc13. Caenorabditis elegans Unc13 has a central domain
with sequence similarity to PKC, which includes C1 and
C2-related domains. Unc13 binds phorbol esters and DAG
with high affinity in a phospholipid manner. Mutations
in Unc13 results in abnormal neuronal connections and
impairment in cholinergic neurotransmission in the
nematode. Munc13 is the mammalian homolog which are
expressed in the brain. There are 3 isoforms (Munc13-1,
-2, -3) and are thought to play a role in
neurotransmitter release and are hypothesized to be
high-affinity receptors for phorbol esters. Unc13 and
Munc13 contain both C1 and C2 domains. There are two C2
related domains present, one central and one at the
carboxyl end. Munc13-1 contains a third C2-like domain.
Munc13 interacts with syntaxin, synaptobrevin, and
synaptotagmin suggesting a role for these as scaffolding
proteins. C2 domains fold into an 8-standed
beta-sandwich that can adopt 2 structural arrangements:
Type I and Type II, distinguished by a circular
permutation involving their N- and C-terminal beta
strands. Many C2 domains are Ca2+-dependent
membrane-targeting modules that bind a wide variety of
substances including bind phospholipids, inositol
polyphosphates, and intracellular proteins. Most C2
domain proteins are either signal transduction enzymes
that contain a single C2 domain, such as protein kinase
C, or membrane trafficking proteins which contain at
least two C2 domains, such as synaptotagmin 1. However,
there are a few exceptions to this including RIM
isoforms and some splice variants of piccolo/aczonin and
intersectin which only have a single C2 domain. C2
domains with a calcium binding region have negatively
charged residues, primarily aspartates, that serve as
ligands for calcium ions. This cd contains the third C2
repeat, C2C, and has a type-II topology.
Length = 133
Score = 53.8 bits (130), Expect = 7e-11
Identities = 27/74 (36%), Positives = 42/74 (56%), Gaps = 5/74 (6%)
Query: 1 MKDNEL-DPYVKVYLL--YKGQRVAKKKTHVKKRTLNPVYNESFVFEVPAD--NLDSVSL 55
+ N DP+VKV LL + V KT VKK+TL P+++ESF F VP + +++ L
Sbjct: 31 LDSNGSSDPFVKVELLPRHLFPDVPTPKTQVKKKTLFPLFDESFEFNVPPEQCSVEGALL 90
Query: 56 ELLLLDWDRVTKNE 69
+ D+D + N+
Sbjct: 91 LFTVKDYDLLGSND 104
>gnl|CDD|176053 cd08408, C2B_Synaptotagmin-14_16, C2 domain second repeat present
in Synaptotagmins 14 and 16. Synaptotagmin 14 and 16
are membrane-trafficking proteins in specific tissues
outside the brain. Both of these contain C-terminal
tandem C2 repeats, but only Synaptotagmin 14 has an
N-terminal transmembrane domain and a putative
fatty-acylation site. Previously all synaptotagmins were
thought to be calcium sensors in the regulation of
neurotransmitter release and hormone secretion, but it
has been shown that not all of them bind calcium and
this is indeed the case here. Of the 17 identified
synaptotagmins only 8 bind calcium (1-3, 5-7, 9, 10).
The function of the two C2 domains that bind calcium
are: regulating the fusion step of synaptic vesicle
exocytosis (C2A) and binding to
phosphatidyl-inositol-3,4,5-triphosphate (PIP3) in the
absence of calcium ions and to phosphatidylinositol
bisphosphate (PIP2) in their presence (C2B). C2B also
regulates also the recycling step of synaptic vesicles.
C2 domains fold into an 8-standed beta-sandwich that can
adopt 2 structural arrangements: Type I and Type II,
distinguished by a circular permutation involving their
N- and C-terminal beta strands. Many C2 domains are
Ca2+-dependent membrane-targeting modules that bind a
wide variety of substances including bind phospholipids,
inositol polyphosphates, and intracellular proteins.
Most C2 domain proteins are either signal transduction
enzymes that contain a single C2 domain, such as protein
kinase C, or membrane trafficking proteins which contain
at least two C2 domains, such as synaptotagmin 1.
However, there are a few exceptions to this including
RIM isoforms and some splice variants of piccolo/aczonin
and intersectin which only have a single C2 domain. C2
domains with a calcium binding region have negatively
charged residues, primarily aspartates, that serve as
ligands for calcium ions. This cd contains the second C2
repeat, C2B, and has a type-I topology.
Length = 138
Score = 51.6 bits (124), Expect = 5e-10
Identities = 25/76 (32%), Positives = 43/76 (56%), Gaps = 1/76 (1%)
Query: 7 DPYVKVYLLYK-GQRVAKKKTHVKKRTLNPVYNESFVFEVPADNLDSVSLELLLLDWDRV 65
D YVK+ LL GQ ++K KT +++ +P + E+FVF+V L V+L + + ++
Sbjct: 37 DTYVKLTLLNSDGQEISKSKTSIRRGQPDPEFKETFVFQVALFQLSEVTLMFSVYNKRKM 96
Query: 66 TKNEKIFFFFFSSSSS 81
+ E I +F +SS
Sbjct: 97 KRKEMIGWFSLGLNSS 112
>gnl|CDD|176054 cd08409, C2B_Synaptotagmin-15, C2 domain second repeat present in
Synaptotagmin 15. Synaptotagmin is a
membrane-trafficking protein characterized by a
N-terminal transmembrane region, a linker, and 2
C-terminal C2 domains. It is thought to be involved in
the trafficking and exocytosis of secretory vesicles in
non-neuronal tissues and is Ca2+ independent. Human
synaptotagmin 15 has 2 alternatively spliced forms that
encode proteins with different C-termini. The larger,
SYT15a, contains a N-terminal TM region, a putative
fatty-acylation site, and 2 tandem C terminal C2
domains. The smaller, SYT15b, lacks the C-terminal
portion of the second C2 domain. Unlike most other
synaptotagmins it is nearly absent in the brain and
rather is found in the heart, lungs, skeletal muscle,
and testis. Previously all synaptotagmins were thought
to be calcium sensors in the regulation of
neurotransmitter release and hormone secretion, but it
has been shown that not all of them bind calcium. Of
the 17 identified synaptotagmins only 8 bind calcium
(1-3, 5-7, 9, 10). The function of the two C2 domains
that bind calcium are: regulating the fusion step of
synaptic vesicle exocytosis (C2A) and binding to
phosphatidyl-inositol-3,4,5-triphosphate (PIP3) in the
absence of calcium ions and to phosphatidylinositol
bisphosphate (PIP2) in their presence (C2B). C2B also
regulates also the recycling step of synaptic vesicles.
C2 domains fold into an 8-standed beta-sandwich that
can adopt 2 structural arrangements: Type I and Type
II, distinguished by a circular permutation involving
their N- and C-terminal beta strands. Many C2 domains
are Ca2+-dependent membrane-targeting modules that bind
a wide variety of substances including bind
phospholipids, inositol polyphosphates, and
intracellular proteins. Most C2 domain proteins are
either signal transduction enzymes that contain a
single C2 domain, such as protein kinase C, or membrane
trafficking proteins which contain at least two C2
domains, such as synaptotagmin 1. However, there are a
few exceptions to this including RIM isoforms and some
splice variants of piccolo/aczonin and intersectin
which only have a single C2 domain. C2 domains with a
calcium binding region have negatively charged
residues, primarily aspartates, that serve as ligands
for calcium ions. This cd contains the second C2
repeat, C2B, and has a type-I topology.
Length = 137
Score = 51.2 bits (123), Expect = 9e-10
Identities = 22/60 (36%), Positives = 32/60 (53%)
Query: 1 MKDNELDPYVKVYLLYKGQRVAKKKTHVKKRTLNPVYNESFVFEVPADNLDSVSLELLLL 60
+ YVKV L+ + V KKT V +P +NESF F+V + LD+ SL L ++
Sbjct: 30 LDHAHTSVYVKVSLMIHNKVVKTKKTEVVDGAASPSFNESFSFKVTSRQLDTASLSLSVM 89
>gnl|CDD|176038 cd08392, C2A_SLP-3, C2 domain first repeat present in
Synaptotagmin-like protein 3. All Slp members
basically share an N-terminal Slp homology domain (SHD)
and C-terminal tandem C2 domains (named the C2A domain
and the C2B domain) with the SHD and C2 domains being
separated by a linker sequence of various length. SHD
of Slp (except for the Slp4-SHD) function as a specific
Rab27A/B-binding domain. In addition to Slp,
rabphilin, Noc2, and Munc13-4 also function as
Rab27-binding proteins. Little is known about the
expression or localization of Slp3. The C2A domain of
Slp3 is Ca2+ dependent. It has been demonstrated that
Slp3 promotes dense-core vesicle exocytosis. C2
domains fold into an 8-standed beta-sandwich that can
adopt 2 structural arrangements: Type I and Type II,
distinguished by a circular permutation involving their
N- and C-terminal beta strands. Many C2 domains are
Ca2+-dependent membrane-targeting modules that bind a
wide variety of substances including bind
phospholipids, inositol polyphosphates, and
intracellular proteins. Most C2 domain proteins are
either signal transduction enzymes that contain a
single C2 domain, such as protein kinase C, or membrane
trafficking proteins which contain at least two C2
domains, such as synaptotagmin 1. However, there are a
few exceptions to this including RIM isoforms and some
splice variants of piccolo/aczonin and intersectin
which only have a single C2 domain. C2 domains with a
calcium binding region have negatively charged
residues, primarily aspartates, that serve as ligands
for calcium ions. This cd contains the first C2
repeat, C2A, and has a type-I topology.
Length = 128
Score = 50.6 bits (121), Expect = 1e-09
Identities = 26/56 (46%), Positives = 35/56 (62%)
Query: 2 KDNELDPYVKVYLLYKGQRVAKKKTHVKKRTLNPVYNESFVFEVPADNLDSVSLEL 57
K + PYVKV LL +K+KT VKK T+NPV+NE+ + V AD L S L++
Sbjct: 33 KKKKCHPYVKVCLLPDKSHNSKRKTAVKKGTVNPVFNETLKYVVEADLLSSRQLQV 88
>gnl|CDD|175994 cd04028, C2B_RIM1alpha, C2 domain second repeat contained in
Rab3-interacting molecule (RIM) proteins. RIMs are
believed to organize specialized sites of the plasma
membrane called active zones. They also play a role in
controlling neurotransmitter release, plasticity
processes, as well as memory and learning. RIM
contains an N-terminal zinc finger domain, a PDZ
domain, and two C-terminal C2 domains (C2A, C2B). C2
domains fold into an 8-standed beta-sandwich that can
adopt 2 structural arrangements: Type I and Type II,
distinguished by a circular permutation involving their
N- and C-terminal beta strands. Many C2 domains are
Ca2+-dependent membrane-targeting modules that bind a
wide variety of substances including bind
phospholipids, inositol polyphosphates, and
intracellular proteins. Most C2 domain proteins are
either signal transduction enzymes that contain a
single C2 domain, such as protein kinase C, or membrane
trafficking proteins which contain at least two C2
domains, such as synaptotagmin 1. However, there are a
few exceptions to this including RIM isoforms and some
splice variants of piccolo/aczonin and intersectin
which only have a single C2 domain. C2 domains with a
calcium binding region have negatively charged
residues, primarily aspartates, that serve as ligands
for calcium ions. Members here have a type-I topology
and do not bind Ca2+.
Length = 146
Score = 50.5 bits (121), Expect = 2e-09
Identities = 20/38 (52%), Positives = 29/38 (76%)
Query: 8 PYVKVYLLYKGQRVAKKKTHVKKRTLNPVYNESFVFEV 45
PYVKVYLL + +AKKKT + ++TL+P+Y + VF+V
Sbjct: 53 PYVKVYLLEGKKCIAKKKTKIARKTLDPLYQQQLVFDV 90
>gnl|CDD|176000 cd04035, C2A_Rabphilin_Doc2, C2 domain first repeat present in
Rabphilin and Double C2 domain. Rabphilin is found
neurons and in neuroendrocrine cells, while Doc2 is
found not only in the brain but in tissues, including
mast cells, chromaffin cells, and osteoblasts.
Rabphilin and Doc2s share highly homologous tandem C2
domains, although their N-terminal structures are
completely different: rabphilin contains an N-terminal
Rab-binding domain (RBD),7 whereas Doc2 contains an
N-terminal Munc13-1-interacting domain (MID). C2
domains fold into an 8-standed beta-sandwich that can
adopt 2 structural arrangements: Type I and Type II,
distinguished by a circular permutation involving their
N- and C-terminal beta strands. Many C2 domains are
Ca2+-dependent membrane-targeting modules that bind a
wide variety of substances including bind
phospholipids, inositol polyphosphates, and
intracellular proteins. Most C2 domain proteins are
either signal transduction enzymes that contain a
single C2 domain, such as protein kinase C, or membrane
trafficking proteins which contain at least two C2
domains, such as synaptotagmin 1. However, there are a
few exceptions to this including RIM isoforms and some
splice variants of piccolo/aczonin and intersectin
which only have a single C2 domain. C2 domains with a
calcium binding region have negatively charged
residues, primarily aspartates, that serve as ligands
for calcium ions. This cd contains the first C2 repeat,
C2A, and has a type-I topology.
Length = 123
Score = 49.2 bits (118), Expect = 4e-09
Identities = 21/59 (35%), Positives = 34/59 (57%), Gaps = 1/59 (1%)
Query: 7 DPYVKVYLLYKGQRVAKKKTHVKKRTLNPVYNESFVFE-VPADNLDSVSLELLLLDWDR 64
DPYVK+ LL + K +T +T NP +NE+ + + +++ +L LL+LD DR
Sbjct: 37 DPYVKLNLLPGASKATKLRTKTVHKTRNPEFNETLTYYGITEEDIQRKTLRLLVLDEDR 95
>gnl|CDD|227371 COG5038, COG5038, Ca2+-dependent lipid-binding protein, contains C2
domain [General function prediction only].
Length = 1227
Score = 49.4 bits (118), Expect = 2e-08
Identities = 25/65 (38%), Positives = 34/65 (52%), Gaps = 6/65 (9%)
Query: 7 DPYVKVYLLYKGQRVAKKKTHVKKRTLNPVYNESFVFEVPADNLDSVSLELLLLDWDRVT 66
DP+VK L + V K K K+TLNPV+NE F EV D + + + DWD
Sbjct: 1062 DPFVK--LFLNEKSVYKTKVV--KKTLNPVWNEEFTIEVLNRVKDVL--TINVNDWDSGE 1115
Query: 67 KNEKI 71
KN+ +
Sbjct: 1116 KNDLL 1120
Score = 31.7 bits (72), Expect = 0.033
Identities = 21/71 (29%), Positives = 35/71 (49%), Gaps = 7/71 (9%)
Query: 1 MKDNELDPYVKVYLLYKGQRVAKKKTHVKKRTLNPVYNESFVFEVPADNLDSVSLELLLL 60
+ +DPY+ V + KT VKK TLNPV+NE+F + ++ L L L
Sbjct: 454 TINGTVDPYITVTFSDRV----IGKTRVKKNTLNPVWNETFY--ILLNSFTD-PLNLSLY 506
Query: 61 DWDRVTKNEKI 71
D++ ++ +
Sbjct: 507 DFNSFKSDKVV 517
>gnl|CDD|176034 cd08388, C2A_Synaptotagmin-4-11, C2A domain first repeat present in
Synaptotagmins 4 and 11. Synaptotagmin is a
membrane-trafficking protein characterized by a
N-terminal transmembrane region, a linker, and 2
C-terminal C2 domains. Synaptotagmins 4 and 11, class 4
synaptotagmins, are located in the brain. Their
functions are unknown. They are distinguished from the
other synaptotagmins by having and Asp to Ser
substitution in their C2A domains. Previously all
synaptotagmins were thought to be calcium sensors in the
regulation of neurotransmitter release and hormone
secretion, but it has been shown that not all of them
bind calcium. Of the 17 identified synaptotagmins only
8 bind calcium (1-3, 5-7, 9, 10). The function of the
two C2 domains that bind calcium are: regulating the
fusion step of synaptic vesicle exocytosis (C2A) and
binding to phosphatidyl-inositol-3,4,5-triphosphate
(PIP3) in the absence of calcium ions and to
phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate (PIP2) in their
presence (C2B). C2B also regulates also the recycling
step of synaptic vesicles. C2 domains fold into an
8-standed beta-sandwich that can adopt 2 structural
arrangements: Type I and Type II, distinguished by a
circular permutation involving their N- and C-terminal
beta strands. Many C2 domains are Ca2+-dependent
membrane-targeting modules that bind a wide variety of
substances including bind phospholipids, inositol
polyphosphates, and intracellular proteins. Most C2
domain proteins are either signal transduction enzymes
that contain a single C2 domain, such as protein kinase
C, or membrane trafficking proteins which contain at
least two C2 domains, such as synaptotagmin 1. However,
there are a few exceptions to this including RIM
isoforms and some splice variants of piccolo/aczonin and
intersectin which only have a single C2 domain. C2
domains with a calcium binding region have negatively
charged residues, primarily aspartates, that serve as
ligands for calcium ions. This cd contains the first C2
repeat, C2A, and has a type-I topology.
Length = 128
Score = 47.7 bits (114), Expect = 2e-08
Identities = 27/67 (40%), Positives = 43/67 (64%), Gaps = 3/67 (4%)
Query: 6 LDPYVKVYLLYKGQRVAKKKTHVKKRTLNPVYNESFVF-EVPADNLDSVSLELLLLDWDR 64
DPYVK+ LL + + K KT V ++T NPVY+E+F F +P + L +SL +L +DR
Sbjct: 38 SDPYVKLQLLPEKEH--KVKTRVLRKTRNPVYDETFTFYGIPYNQLQDLSLHFAVLSFDR 95
Query: 65 VTKNEKI 71
++++ I
Sbjct: 96 YSRDDVI 102
>gnl|CDD|176052 cd08407, C2B_Synaptotagmin-13, C2 domain second repeat present in
Synaptotagmin 13. Synaptotagmin is a
membrane-trafficking protein characterized by a
N-terminal transmembrane region, a linker, and 2
C-terminal C2 domains. Synaptotagmin 13, a member of
class 6 synaptotagmins, is located in the brain. It
functions are unknown. It, like synaptotagmins 8 and
12, does not have any consensus Ca2+ binding sites.
Previously all synaptotagmins were thought to be
calcium sensors in the regulation of neurotransmitter
release and hormone secretion, but it has been shown
that not all of them bind calcium. Of the 17
identified synaptotagmins only 8 bind calcium (1-3,
5-7, 9, 10). The function of the two C2 domains that
bind calcium are: regulating the fusion step of
synaptic vesicle exocytosis (C2A) and binding to
phosphatidyl-inositol-3,4,5-triphosphate (PIP3) in the
absence of calcium ions and to phosphatidylinositol
bisphosphate (PIP2) in their presence (C2B). C2B also
regulates also the recycling step of synaptic vesicles.
C2 domains fold into an 8-standed beta-sandwich that
can adopt 2 structural arrangements: Type I and Type
II, distinguished by a circular permutation involving
their N- and C-terminal beta strands. Many C2 domains
are Ca2+-dependent membrane-targeting modules that bind
a wide variety of substances including bind
phospholipids, inositol polyphosphates, and
intracellular proteins. Most C2 domain proteins are
either signal transduction enzymes that contain a
single C2 domain, such as protein kinase C, or membrane
trafficking proteins which contain at least two C2
domains, such as synaptotagmin 1. However, there are a
few exceptions to this including RIM isoforms and some
splice variants of piccolo/aczonin and intersectin
which only have a single C2 domain. C2 domains with a
calcium binding region have negatively charged
residues, primarily aspartates, that serve as ligands
for calcium ions. This cd contains the second C2
repeat, C2B, and has a type-I topology.
Length = 138
Score = 47.7 bits (113), Expect = 2e-08
Identities = 23/57 (40%), Positives = 38/57 (66%)
Query: 7 DPYVKVYLLYKGQRVAKKKTHVKKRTLNPVYNESFVFEVPADNLDSVSLELLLLDWD 63
D VKV L ++ ++ KK+T K +NPV+NE +FE+P++ L + S+EL +L+ D
Sbjct: 39 DVSVKVTLKHQNAKLKKKQTKRAKHKINPVWNEMIMFELPSELLAASSVELEVLNQD 95
>gnl|CDD|176002 cd04037, C2E_Ferlin, C2 domain fifth repeat in Ferlin. Ferlins
are involved in vesicle fusion events. Ferlins and
other proteins, such as Synaptotagmins, are implicated
in facilitating the fusion process when cell membranes
fuse together. There are six known human Ferlins:
Dysferlin (Fer1L1), Otoferlin (Fer1L2), Myoferlin
(Fer1L3), Fer1L4, Fer1L5, and Fer1L6. Defects in these
genes can lead to a wide range of diseases including
muscular dystrophy (dysferlin), deafness (otoferlin),
and infertility (fer-1, fertilization factor-1).
Structurally they have 6 tandem C2 domains, designated
as (C2A-C2F) and a single C-terminal transmembrane
domain, though there is a new study that disputes this
and claims that there are actually 7 tandem C2 domains
with another C2 domain inserted between C2D and C2E.
In a subset of them (Dysferlin, Myoferlin, and Fer1)
there is an additional conserved domain called DysF. C2
domains fold into an 8-standed beta-sandwich that can
adopt 2 structural arrangements: Type I and Type II,
distinguished by a circular permutation involving their
N- and C-terminal beta strands. Many C2 domains are
Ca2+-dependent membrane-targeting modules that bind a
wide variety of substances including bind
phospholipids, inositol polyphosphates, and
intracellular proteins. Most C2 domain proteins are
either signal transduction enzymes that contain a
single C2 domain, such as protein kinase C, or membrane
trafficking proteins which contain at least two C2
domains, such as synaptotagmin 1. However, there are a
few exceptions to this including RIM isoforms and some
splice variants of piccolo/aczonin and intersectin
which only have a single C2 domain. C2 domains with a
calcium binding region have negatively charged
residues, primarily aspartates, that serve as ligands
for calcium ions. This cd contains the fifth C2 repeat,
C2E, and has a type-II topology.
Length = 124
Score = 46.0 bits (110), Expect = 6e-08
Identities = 17/67 (25%), Positives = 38/67 (56%), Gaps = 9/67 (13%)
Query: 7 DPYVKVYLLYKGQRVAKKKTHVKKRTLNPVYNESFVFE--VPADNLDSVSLELLLLDWDR 64
DPY+K+ L +++ + ++ TLNPV+ + F E +P +++ +S ++D+D
Sbjct: 22 DPYLKIKLG--KKKINDRDNYIPN-TLNPVFGKMFELEATLPGNSILKIS----VMDYDL 74
Query: 65 VTKNEKI 71
+ ++ I
Sbjct: 75 LGSDDLI 81
>gnl|CDD|175977 cd04010, C2B_RasA3, C2 domain second repeat present in RAS p21
protein activator 3 (RasA3). RasA3 are members of
GTPase activating protein 1 (GAP1), a Ras-specific GAP,
which suppresses Ras function by enhancing the GTPase
activity of Ras proteins resulting in the inactive
GDP-bound form of Ras. In this way it can control
cellular proliferation and differentiation. RasA3
contains an N-terminal C2 domain, a Ras-GAP domain, a
plextrin homology (PH)-like domain, and a Bruton's
Tyrosine Kinase (BTK) zinc binding domain. C2 domains
fold into an 8-standed beta-sandwich that can adopt 2
structural arrangements: Type I and Type II,
distinguished by a circular permutation involving their
N- and C-terminal beta strands. Many C2 domains are
Ca2+-dependent membrane-targeting modules that bind a
wide variety of substances including bind
phospholipids, inositol polyphosphates, and
intracellular proteins. Most C2 domain proteins are
either signal transduction enzymes that contain a
single C2 domain, such as protein kinase C, or membrane
trafficking proteins which contain at least two C2
domains, such as synaptotagmin 1. However, there are a
few exceptions to this including RIM isoforms and some
splice variants of piccolo/aczonin and intersectin
which only have a single C2 domain. C2 domains with a
calcium binding region have negatively charged
residues, primarily aspartates, that serve as ligands
for calcium ions. This cd contains the second C2
repeat, C2B, and has a type-I topology.
Length = 148
Score = 45.5 bits (108), Expect = 2e-07
Identities = 19/43 (44%), Positives = 29/43 (67%)
Query: 7 DPYVKVYLLYKGQRVAKKKTHVKKRTLNPVYNESFVFEVPADN 49
DPY V L+Y ++ K+T VKK+T NP ++E+F F+V D+
Sbjct: 20 DPYASVTLIYSNKKQDTKRTKVKKKTNNPQFDEAFYFDVTIDS 62
>gnl|CDD|176004 cd04039, C2_PSD, C2 domain present in Phosphatidylserine
decarboxylase (PSD). PSD is involved in the
biosynthesis of aminophospholipid by converting
phosphatidylserine (PtdSer) to phosphatidylethanolamine
(PtdEtn). There is a single C2 domain present and it is
thought to confer PtdSer binding motif that is common
to PKC and synaptotagmin. C2 domains fold into an
8-standed beta-sandwich that can adopt 2 structural
arrangements: Type I and Type II, distinguished by a
circular permutation involving their N- and C-terminal
beta strands. Many C2 domains are Ca2+-dependent
membrane-targeting modules that bind a wide variety of
substances including bind phospholipids, inositol
polyphosphates, and intracellular proteins. Most C2
domain proteins are either signal transduction enzymes
that contain a single C2 domain, such as protein kinase
C, or membrane trafficking proteins which contain at
least two C2 domains, such as synaptotagmin 1.
However, there are a few exceptions to this including
RIM isoforms and some splice variants of
piccolo/aczonin and intersectin which only have a
single C2 domain. C2 domains with a calcium binding
region have negatively charged residues, primarily
aspartates, that serve as ligands for calcium ions.
Length = 108
Score = 44.6 bits (106), Expect = 2e-07
Identities = 21/67 (31%), Positives = 39/67 (58%), Gaps = 6/67 (8%)
Query: 5 ELDPYVKVYLLYKGQRVAKKKTHVKKRTLNPVYNESFVFEVPADNLDSVSLELLLLDWDR 64
++DP+V + G+RV + T ++ TLNPV+NE FEV + + ++ +LD D+
Sbjct: 25 DMDPFVIISF---GRRVFR--TSWRRHTLNPVFNERLAFEV-YPHEKNFDIQFKVLDKDK 78
Query: 65 VTKNEKI 71
+ N+ +
Sbjct: 79 FSFNDYV 85
>gnl|CDD|176070 cd08688, C2_KIAA0528-like, C2 domain found in the Human KIAA0528
cDNA clone. The members of this CD are named after the
Human KIAA0528 cDNA clone. All members here contain a
single C2 repeat. No other information on this protein
is currently known. The C2 domain was first identified
in PKC. C2 domains fold into an 8-standed
beta-sandwich that can adopt 2 structural arrangements:
Type I and Type II, distinguished by a circular
permutation involving their N- and C-terminal beta
strands. Many C2 domains are Ca2+-dependent
membrane-targeting modules that bind a wide variety of
substances including bind phospholipids, inositol
polyphosphates, and intracellular proteins. Most C2
domain proteins are either signal transduction enzymes
that contain a single C2 domain, such as protein kinase
C, or membrane trafficking proteins which contain at
least two C2 domains, such as synaptotagmin 1.
However, there are a few exceptions to this including
RIM isoforms and some splice variants of
piccolo/aczonin and intersectin which only have a
single C2 domain. C2 domains with a calcium binding
region have negatively charged residues, primarily
aspartates, that serve as ligands for calcium ions.
Length = 110
Score = 43.1 bits (102), Expect = 6e-07
Identities = 20/48 (41%), Positives = 30/48 (62%), Gaps = 1/48 (2%)
Query: 25 KTHVKKRTLNPVYN-ESFVFEVPADNLDSVSLELLLLDWDRVTKNEKI 71
KT V K++LNPV+N E F FEV + L L++ ++D D + N+ I
Sbjct: 35 KTDVVKKSLNPVWNSEWFRFEVDDEELQDEPLQIRVMDHDTYSANDAI 82
>gnl|CDD|176037 cd08391, C2A_C2C_Synaptotagmin_like, C2 domain first and third
repeat in Synaptotagmin-like proteins. Synaptotagmin
is a membrane-trafficking protein characterized by a
N-terminal transmembrane region, a linker, and 2
C-terminal C2 domains. Previously all synaptotagmins
were thought to be calcium sensors in the regulation of
neurotransmitter release and hormone secretion, but it
has been shown that not all of them bind calcium. Of
the 17 identified synaptotagmins only 8 bind calcium
(1-3, 5-7, 9, 10). The function of the two C2 domains
that bind calcium are: regulating the fusion step of
synaptic vesicle exocytosis (C2A) and binding to
phosphatidyl-inositol-3,4,5-triphosphate (PIP3) in the
absence of calcium ions and to phosphatidylinositol
bisphosphate (PIP2) in their presence (C2B). C2B also
regulates also the recycling step of synaptic vesicles.
C2 domains fold into an 8-standed beta-sandwich that
can adopt 2 structural arrangements: Type I and Type
II, distinguished by a circular permutation involving
their N- and C-terminal beta strands. Many C2 domains
are Ca2+-dependent membrane-targeting modules that bind
a wide variety of substances including bind
phospholipids, inositol polyphosphates, and
intracellular proteins. Most C2 domain proteins are
either signal transduction enzymes that contain a
single C2 domain, such as protein kinase C, or membrane
trafficking proteins which contain at least two C2
domains, such as synaptotagmin 1. However, there are a
few exceptions to this including RIM isoforms and some
splice variants of piccolo/aczonin and intersectin
which only have a single C2 domain. C2 domains with a
calcium binding region have negatively charged
residues, primarily aspartates, that serve as ligands
for calcium ions. This cd contains either the first or
third repeat in Synaptotagmin-like proteins with a
type-I topology.
Length = 121
Score = 43.0 bits (102), Expect = 7e-07
Identities = 23/66 (34%), Positives = 31/66 (46%), Gaps = 11/66 (16%)
Query: 1 MKDNELDPYVKVYLLYKGQRVAKK--KTHVKKRTLNPVYNESFVFEVPADNLDSVSLELL 58
+ + DPYV V RV + K+ V K LNP +NE V+E D + LE+
Sbjct: 23 LVKGKSDPYVIV-------RVGAQTFKSKVIKENLNPKWNE--VYEAVVDEVPGQELEIE 73
Query: 59 LLDWDR 64
L D D
Sbjct: 74 LFDEDP 79
>gnl|CDD|176003 cd04038, C2_ArfGAP, C2 domain present in Arf GTPase Activating
Proteins (GAP). ArfGAP is a GTPase activating protein
which regulates the ADP ribosylation factor Arf, a
member of the Ras superfamily of GTP-binding proteins.
The GTP-bound form of Arf is involved in Golgi
morphology and is involved in recruiting coat proteins.
ArfGAP is responsible for the GDP-bound form of Arf
which is necessary for uncoating the membrane and
allowing the Golgi to fuse with an acceptor
compartment. These proteins contain an N-terminal
ArfGAP domain containing the characteristic zinc finger
motif (Cys-x2-Cys-x(16,17)-x2-Cys) and C-terminal C2
domain. C2 domains were first identified in Protein
Kinase C (PKC). C2 domains fold into an 8-standed
beta-sandwich that can adopt 2 structural arrangements:
Type I and Type II, distinguished by a circular
permutation involving their N- and C-terminal beta
strands. Many C2 domains are Ca2+-dependent
membrane-targeting modules that bind a wide variety of
substances including bind phospholipids, inositol
polyphosphates, and intracellular proteins. Most C2
domain proteins are either signal transduction enzymes
that contain a single C2 domain, such as protein kinase
C, or membrane trafficking proteins which contain at
least two C2 domains, such as synaptotagmin 1.
However, there are a few exceptions to this including
RIM isoforms and some splice variants of
piccolo/aczonin and intersectin which only have a
single C2 domain. C2 domains with a calcium binding
region have negatively charged residues, primarily
aspartates, that serve as ligands for calcium ions.
Length = 145
Score = 43.5 bits (103), Expect = 7e-07
Identities = 24/64 (37%), Positives = 33/64 (51%), Gaps = 8/64 (12%)
Query: 7 DPYVKVYLLYKGQRVAKKKTHVKKRTLNPVYNESFVFEVPADNLDSVSLELLLLDWDRVT 66
DPYV + L G + K KT V K+ LNPV+NE VP L+L + D D +
Sbjct: 23 DPYVVLTL---GNQ--KVKTRVIKKNLNPVWNEELTLSVPNPMA---PLKLEVFDKDTFS 74
Query: 67 KNEK 70
K++
Sbjct: 75 KDDS 78
>gnl|CDD|176057 cd08675, C2B_RasGAP, C2 domain second repeat of Ras GTPase
activating proteins (GAPs). RasGAPs suppress Ras
function by enhancing the GTPase activity of Ras
proteins resulting in the inactive GDP-bound form of
Ras. In this way it can control cellular proliferation
and differentiation. The proteins here all contain two
tandem C2 domains, a Ras-GAP domain, and a pleckstrin
homology (PH)-like domain. C2 domains fold into an
8-standed beta-sandwich that can adopt 2 structural
arrangements: Type I and Type II, distinguished by a
circular permutation involving their N- and C-terminal
beta strands. Many C2 domains are Ca2+-dependent
membrane-targeting modules that bind a wide variety of
substances including bind phospholipids, inositol
polyphosphates, and intracellular proteins. Most C2
domain proteins are either signal transduction enzymes
that contain a single C2 domain, such as protein kinase
C, or membrane trafficking proteins which contain at
least two C2 domains, such as synaptotagmin 1.
However, there are a few exceptions to this including
RIM isoforms and some splice variants of
piccolo/aczonin and intersectin which only have a
single C2 domain. C2 domains with a calcium binding
region have negatively charged residues, primarily
aspartates, that serve as ligands for calcium ions.
Members here have a type-I topology.
Length = 137
Score = 43.1 bits (102), Expect = 1e-06
Identities = 17/43 (39%), Positives = 26/43 (60%), Gaps = 1/43 (2%)
Query: 7 DPYVKVYLLYKGQRVAKKKTHVKKRTLNPVYNESFVFEVPADN 49
DP+ +V L Y + K+ T VKK+T NP ++E+F FE+
Sbjct: 20 DPFARVTLNYSSKTDTKR-TKVKKKTNNPRFDEAFYFELTIGF 61
>gnl|CDD|175978 cd04011, C2B_Ferlin, C2 domain second repeat in Ferlin. Ferlins
are involved in vesicle fusion events. Ferlins and
other proteins, such as Synaptotagmins, are implicated
in facilitating the fusion process when cell membranes
fuse together. There are six known human Ferlins:
Dysferlin (Fer1L1), Otoferlin (Fer1L2), Myoferlin
(Fer1L3), Fer1L4, Fer1L5, and Fer1L6. Defects in these
genes can lead to a wide range of diseases including
muscular dystrophy (dysferlin), deafness (otoferlin),
and infertility (fer-1, fertilization factor-1).
Structurally they have 6 tandem C2 domains, designated
as (C2A-C2F) and a single C-terminal transmembrane
domain, though there is a new study that disputes this
and claims that there are actually 7 tandem C2 domains
with another C2 domain inserted between C2D and C2E.
In a subset of them (Dysferlin, Myoferlin, and Fer1)
there is an additional conserved domain called DysF. C2
domains fold into an 8-standed beta-sandwich that can
adopt 2 structural arrangements: Type I and Type II,
distinguished by a circular permutation involving their
N- and C-terminal beta strands. Many C2 domains are
Ca2+-dependent membrane-targeting modules that bind a
wide variety of substances including bind
phospholipids, inositol polyphosphates, and
intracellular proteins. Most C2 domain proteins are
either signal transduction enzymes that contain a
single C2 domain, such as protein kinase C, or membrane
trafficking proteins which contain at least two C2
domains, such as synaptotagmin 1. However, there are a
few exceptions to this including RIM isoforms and some
splice variants of piccolo/aczonin and intersectin
which only have a single C2 domain. C2 domains with a
calcium binding region have negatively charged
residues, primarily aspartates, that serve as ligands
for calcium ions. This cd contains the second C2
repeat, C2B, and has a type-II topology.
Length = 111
Score = 41.8 bits (99), Expect = 2e-06
Identities = 25/73 (34%), Positives = 33/73 (45%), Gaps = 7/73 (9%)
Query: 4 NELDPYVKVYLLYKGQRVAKKKTHVKKRTLNPVYNESFVFEV--PADNLDSVSLELLLLD 61
+DP VKV + GQ KK T VKK T P YNE F F D L +++ + D
Sbjct: 19 GNIDPVVKVEVG--GQ---KKYTSVKKGTNCPFYNEYFFFNFHESPDELFDKIIKISVYD 73
Query: 62 WDRVTKNEKIFFF 74
+ + I F
Sbjct: 74 SRSLRSDTLIGSF 86
>gnl|CDD|175999 cd04033, C2_NEDD4_NEDD4L, C2 domain present in the Human neural
precursor cell-expressed, developmentally
down-regulated 4 (NEDD4) and NEDD4-like
(NEDD4L/NEDD42). Nedd4 and Nedd4-2 are two of the nine
members of the Human Nedd4 family. All vertebrates
appear to have both Nedd4 and Nedd4-2 genes. They are
thought to participate in the regulation of epithelial
Na+ channel (ENaC) activity. They also have identical
specificity for ubiquitin conjugating enzymes (E2).
Nedd4 and Nedd4-2 are composed of a C2 domain, 2-4 WW
domains, and a ubiquitin ligase Hect domain. Their WW
domains can bind PPxY (PY) or LPSY motifs, and in vitro
studies suggest that WW3 and WW4 of both proteins bind
PY motifs in the key substrates, with WW3 generally
exhibiting higher affinity. Most Nedd4 family members,
especially Nedd4-2, also have multiple splice variants,
which might play different roles in regulating their
substrates. C2 domains fold into an 8-standed
beta-sandwich that can adopt 2 structural arrangements:
Type I and Type II, distinguished by a circular
permutation involving their N- and C-terminal beta
strands. Many C2 domains are Ca2+-dependent
membrane-targeting modules that bind a wide variety of
substances including bind phospholipids, inositol
polyphosphates, and intracellular proteins. Most C2
domain proteins are either signal transduction enzymes
that contain a single C2 domain, such as protein kinase
C, or membrane trafficking proteins which contain at
least two C2 domains, such as synaptotagmin 1.
However, there are a few exceptions to this including
RIM isoforms and some splice variants of
piccolo/aczonin and intersectin which only have a
single C2 domain. C2 domains with a calcium binding
region have negatively charged residues, primarily
aspartates, that serve as ligands for calcium ions.
Length = 133
Score = 42.3 bits (100), Expect = 2e-06
Identities = 23/65 (35%), Positives = 34/65 (52%), Gaps = 9/65 (13%)
Query: 7 DPYVKVYLLYKGQR---VAKKKTHVKKRTLNPVYNESFVFEV-PADNLDSVSLELLLLDW 62
DPYVK+ L Y + +T K+TLNP +NE F F V P ++ L + D
Sbjct: 22 DPYVKISL-YDPDGNGEIDSVQTKTIKKTLNPKWNEEFFFRVNPREH----RLLFEVFDE 76
Query: 63 DRVTK 67
+R+T+
Sbjct: 77 NRLTR 81
>gnl|CDD|175991 cd04025, C2B_RasA1_RasA4, C2 domain second repeat present in
RasA1 and RasA4. RasA1 and RasA4 are GAP1s (GTPase
activating protein 1s ), Ras-specific GAP members,
which suppresses Ras function by enhancing the GTPase
activity of Ras proteins resulting in the inactive
GDP-bound form of Ras. In this way it can control
cellular proliferation and differentiation. Both
proteins contain two C2 domains, a Ras-GAP domain, a
plextrin homology (PH)-like domain, and a Bruton's
Tyrosine Kinase (BTK) zinc binding domain. C2 domains
fold into an 8-standed beta-sandwich that can adopt 2
structural arrangements: Type I and Type II,
distinguished by a circular permutation involving their
N- and C-terminal beta strands. Many C2 domains are
Ca2+-dependent membrane-targeting modules that bind a
wide variety of substances including bind
phospholipids, inositol polyphosphates, and
intracellular proteins. Most C2 domain proteins are
either signal transduction enzymes that contain a
single C2 domain, such as protein kinase C, or membrane
trafficking proteins which contain at least two C2
domains, such as synaptotagmin 1. However, there are a
few exceptions to this including RIM isoforms and some
splice variants of piccolo/aczonin and intersectin
which only have a single C2 domain. C2 domains with a
calcium binding region have negatively charged
residues, primarily aspartates, that serve as ligands
for calcium ions. This cd contains the second C2
repeat, C2B, and has a type-I topology.
Length = 123
Score = 40.5 bits (95), Expect = 7e-06
Identities = 24/63 (38%), Positives = 37/63 (58%), Gaps = 7/63 (11%)
Query: 7 DPYVKVYLLYKGQRVAKKKTHVKKRTLNPVYNESFVFEVPADNLDSVSLELLLLDWDRVT 66
DP+V+V+ Y GQ +T V K++ P +NE F FE+ +S+E + DWD V+
Sbjct: 22 DPFVRVF--YNGQ---TLETSVVKKSCYPRWNEVFEFELMEGADSPLSVE--VWDWDLVS 74
Query: 67 KNE 69
KN+
Sbjct: 75 KND 77
>gnl|CDD|176058 cd08676, C2A_Munc13-like, C2 domain first repeat in Munc13
(mammalian uncoordinated)-like proteins. C2-like
domains are thought to be involved in phospholipid
binding in a Ca2+ independent manner in both Unc13 and
Munc13. Caenorabditis elegans Unc13 has a central domain
with sequence similarity to PKC, which includes C1 and
C2-related domains. Unc13 binds phorbol esters and DAG
with high affinity in a phospholipid manner. Mutations
in Unc13 results in abnormal neuronal connections and
impairment in cholinergic neurotransmission in the
nematode. Munc13 is the mammalian homolog which are
expressed in the brain. There are 3 isoforms (Munc13-1,
-2, -3) and are thought to play a role in
neurotransmitter release and are hypothesized to be
high-affinity receptors for phorbol esters. Unc13 and
Munc13 contain both C1 and C2 domains. There are two C2
related domains present, one central and one at the
carboxyl end. Munc13-1 contains a third C2-like domain.
Munc13 interacts with syntaxin, synaptobrevin, and
synaptotagmin suggesting a role for these as scaffolding
proteins. C2 domains fold into an 8-standed
beta-sandwich that can adopt 2 structural arrangements:
Type I and Type II, distinguished by a circular
permutation involving their N- and C-terminal beta
strands. Many C2 domains are Ca2+-dependent
membrane-targeting modules that bind a wide variety of
substances including bind phospholipids, inositol
polyphosphates, and intracellular proteins. Most C2
domain proteins are either signal transduction enzymes
that contain a single C2 domain, such as protein kinase
C, or membrane trafficking proteins which contain at
least two C2 domains, such as synaptotagmin 1. However,
there are a few exceptions to this including RIM
isoforms and some splice variants of piccolo/aczonin and
intersectin which only have a single C2 domain. C2
domains with a calcium binding region have negatively
charged residues, primarily aspartates, that serve as
ligands for calcium ions. This cd contains the second C2
repeat, C2B, and has a type-II topology.
Length = 153
Score = 40.0 bits (94), Expect = 2e-05
Identities = 22/42 (52%), Positives = 27/42 (64%), Gaps = 6/42 (14%)
Query: 24 KKTHVKKRTLNPVYNESFVFEVPADNLDSVSLELLLLD-WDR 64
K T VK +TLNPV+NE+F FEV + VS + L LD WD
Sbjct: 91 KVTEVKPQTLNPVWNETFRFEV-----EDVSNDQLHLDIWDH 127
>gnl|CDD|175985 cd04018, C2C_Ferlin, C2 domain third repeat in Ferlin. Ferlins
are involved in vesicle fusion events. Ferlins and
other proteins, such as Synaptotagmins, are implicated
in facilitating the fusion process when cell membranes
fuse together. There are six known human Ferlins:
Dysferlin (Fer1L1), Otoferlin (Fer1L2), Myoferlin
(Fer1L3), Fer1L4, Fer1L5, and Fer1L6. Defects in these
genes can lead to a wide range of diseases including
muscular dystrophy (dysferlin), deafness (otoferlin),
and infertility (fer-1, fertilization factor-1).
Structurally they have 6 tandem C2 domains, designated
as (C2A-C2F) and a single C-terminal transmembrane
domain, though there is a new study that disputes this
and claims that there are actually 7 tandem C2 domains
with another C2 domain inserted between C2D and C2E.
In a subset of them (Dysferlin, Myoferlin, and Fer1)
there is an additional conserved domain called DysF. C2
domains fold into an 8-standed beta-sandwich that can
adopt 2 structural arrangements: Type I and Type II,
distinguished by a circular permutation involving their
N- and C-terminal beta strands. Many C2 domains are
Ca2+-dependent membrane-targeting modules that bind a
wide variety of substances including bind
phospholipids, inositol polyphosphates, and
intracellular proteins. Most C2 domain proteins are
either signal transduction enzymes that contain a
single C2 domain, such as protein kinase C, or membrane
trafficking proteins which contain at least two C2
domains, such as synaptotagmin 1. However, there are a
few exceptions to this including RIM isoforms and some
splice variants of piccolo/aczonin and intersectin
which only have a single C2 domain. C2 domains with a
calcium binding region have negatively charged
residues, primarily aspartates, that serve as ligands
for calcium ions. This cd contains the third C2 repeat,
C2C, and has a type-II topology.
Length = 151
Score = 38.4 bits (90), Expect = 8e-05
Identities = 26/72 (36%), Positives = 40/72 (55%), Gaps = 10/72 (13%)
Query: 2 KDNELDPYVKVYLLYKGQRVAKKKTHVKKRTLNPVYNESFVFEVPADNLDSV--SLELLL 59
K +DPYV+V + GQ+V KT VKK + NP +NE VF + + +++ +
Sbjct: 31 KKELVDPYVEVS--FAGQKV---KTSVKKNSYNPEWNEQIVF---PEMFPPLCERIKIQI 82
Query: 60 LDWDRVTKNEKI 71
DWDRV ++ I
Sbjct: 83 RDWDRVGNDDVI 94
>gnl|CDD|175984 cd04017, C2D_Ferlin, C2 domain fourth repeat in Ferlin. Ferlins
are involved in vesicle fusion events. Ferlins and
other proteins, such as Synaptotagmins, are implicated
in facilitating the fusion process when cell membranes
fuse together. There are six known human Ferlins:
Dysferlin (Fer1L1), Otoferlin (Fer1L2), Myoferlin
(Fer1L3), Fer1L4, Fer1L5, and Fer1L6. Defects in these
genes can lead to a wide range of diseases including
muscular dystrophy (dysferlin), deafness (otoferlin),
and infertility (fer-1, fertilization factor-1).
Structurally they have 6 tandem C2 domains, designated
as (C2A-C2F) and a single C-terminal transmembrane
domain, though there is a new study that disputes this
and claims that there are actually 7 tandem C2 domains
with another C2 domain inserted between C2D and C2E.
In a subset of them (Dysferlin, Myoferlin, and Fer1)
there is an additional conserved domain called DysF. C2
domains fold into an 8-standed beta-sandwich that can
adopt 2 structural arrangements: Type I and Type II,
distinguished by a circular permutation involving their
N- and C-terminal beta strands. Many C2 domains are
Ca2+-dependent membrane-targeting modules that bind a
wide variety of substances including bind
phospholipids, inositol polyphosphates, and
intracellular proteins. Most C2 domain proteins are
either signal transduction enzymes that contain a
single C2 domain, such as protein kinase C, or membrane
trafficking proteins which contain at least two C2
domains, such as synaptotagmin 1. However, there are a
few exceptions to this including RIM isoforms and some
splice variants of piccolo/aczonin and intersectin
which only have a single C2 domain. C2 domains with a
calcium binding region have negatively charged
residues, primarily aspartates, that serve as ligands
for calcium ions. This cd contains the fourth C2
repeat, C2D, and has a type-II topology.
Length = 135
Score = 37.9 bits (89), Expect = 1e-04
Identities = 24/77 (31%), Positives = 37/77 (48%), Gaps = 16/77 (20%)
Query: 2 KDNELDPYVKVYLLYKGQRVAKKKTHVKKRTLNPVYNESFVF---EVP------ADNLDS 52
K DP+ +V L + Q +T V K TL+P ++++ +F E+ A N
Sbjct: 18 KSGLSDPFARVSFLNQSQ-----ETEVIKETLSPTWDQTLIFDEVELYGSPEEIAQNPPL 72
Query: 53 VSLELLLLDWDRVTKNE 69
V +E L D D V K+E
Sbjct: 73 VVVE--LFDQDSVGKDE 87
>gnl|CDD|176029 cd08383, C2A_RasGAP, C2 domain (first repeat) of Ras GTPase
activating proteins (GAPs). RasGAPs suppress Ras
function by enhancing the GTPase activity of Ras
proteins resulting in the inactive GDP-bound form of
Ras. In this way it can control cellular proliferation
and differentiation. The proteins here all contain
either a single C2 domain or two tandem C2 domains, a
Ras-GAP domain, and a pleckstrin homology (PH)-like
domain. C2 domains fold into an 8-standed beta-sandwich
that can adopt 2 structural arrangements: Type I and
Type II, distinguished by a circular permutation
involving their N- and C-terminal beta strands. Many C2
domains are Ca2+-dependent membrane-targeting modules
that bind a wide variety of substances including bind
phospholipids, inositol polyphosphates, and
intracellular proteins. Most C2 domain proteins are
either signal transduction enzymes that contain a
single C2 domain, such as protein kinase C, or membrane
trafficking proteins which contain at least two C2
domains, such as synaptotagmin 1. However, there are a
few exceptions to this including RIM isoforms and some
splice variants of piccolo/aczonin and intersectin
which only have a single C2 domain. C2 domains with a
calcium binding region have negatively charged
residues, primarily aspartates, that serve as ligands
for calcium ions. Members here have a type-I topology.
Length = 117
Score = 36.9 bits (86), Expect = 2e-04
Identities = 17/57 (29%), Positives = 26/57 (45%), Gaps = 5/57 (8%)
Query: 7 DPYVKVYLLYKGQRVAKKKTHVKKRTLNPVYNESFVFEVPADNLDSVSLELLLLDWD 63
DPY V L +V +T ++ LNP + E FVF+ P ++ +L D
Sbjct: 19 DPYCTVSL----DQVEVARTKTVEK-LNPFWGEEFVFDDPPPDVTFFTLSFYNKDKR 70
>gnl|CDD|176019 cd08373, C2A_Ferlin, C2 domain first repeat in Ferlin. Ferlins
are involved in vesicle fusion events. Ferlins and
other proteins, such as Synaptotagmins, are implicated
in facilitating the fusion process when cell membranes
fuse together. There are six known human Ferlins:
Dysferlin (Fer1L1), Otoferlin (Fer1L2), Myoferlin
(Fer1L3), Fer1L4, Fer1L5, and Fer1L6. Defects in these
genes can lead to a wide range of diseases including
muscular dystrophy (dysferlin), deafness (otoferlin),
and infertility (fer-1, fertilization factor-1).
Structurally they have 6 tandem C2 domains, designated
as (C2A-C2F) and a single C-terminal transmembrane
domain, though there is a new study that disputes this
and claims that there are actually 7 tandem C2 domains
with another C2 domain inserted between C2D and C2E.
In a subset of them (Dysferlin, Myoferlin, and Fer1)
there is an additional conserved domain called DysF. C2
domains fold into an 8-standed beta-sandwich that can
adopt 2 structural arrangements: Type I and Type II,
distinguished by a circular permutation involving their
N- and C-terminal beta strands. Many C2 domains are
Ca2+-dependent membrane-targeting modules that bind a
wide variety of substances including bind
phospholipids, inositol polyphosphates, and
intracellular proteins. Most C2 domain proteins are
either signal transduction enzymes that contain a
single C2 domain, such as protein kinase C, or membrane
trafficking proteins which contain at least two C2
domains, such as synaptotagmin 1. However, there are a
few exceptions to this including RIM isoforms and some
splice variants of piccolo/aczonin and intersectin
which only have a single C2 domain. C2 domains with a
calcium binding region have negatively charged
residues, primarily aspartates, that serve as ligands
for calcium ions. This cd contains the first C2 repeat,
C2A, and has a type-II topology.
Length = 127
Score = 37.2 bits (87), Expect = 2e-04
Identities = 22/62 (35%), Positives = 36/62 (58%), Gaps = 5/62 (8%)
Query: 7 DPYVKVYLLYKGQRVAKKKTHVKKRTLNPVYNESFVFEVPADNLDSVSLELLLLDWDRVT 66
D KV ++G KKKT V + LNPV+NE+F + + SLE+++ D+++V
Sbjct: 16 DRIAKV--TFRG---VKKKTRVLENELNPVWNETFEWPLAGSPDPDESLEIVVKDYEKVG 70
Query: 67 KN 68
+N
Sbjct: 71 RN 72
>gnl|CDD|176008 cd04043, C2_Munc13_fungal, C2 domain in Munc13 (mammalian
uncoordinated) proteins; fungal group. C2-like domains
are thought to be involved in phospholipid binding in a
Ca2+ independent manner in both Unc13 and Munc13.
Caenorabditis elegans Unc13 has a central domain with
sequence similarity to PKC, which includes C1 and
C2-related domains. Unc13 binds phorbol esters and DAG
with high affinity in a phospholipid manner. Mutations
in Unc13 results in abnormal neuronal connections and
impairment in cholinergic neurotransmission in the
nematode. Munc13 is the mammalian homolog which are
expressed in the brain. There are 3 isoforms
(Munc13-1, -2, -3) and are thought to play a role in
neurotransmitter release and are hypothesized to be
high-affinity receptors for phorbol esters. Unc13 and
Munc13 contain both C1 and C2 domains. There are two
C2 related domains present, one central and one at the
carboxyl end. Munc13-1 contains a third C2-like
domain. Munc13 interacts with syntaxin, synaptobrevin,
and synaptotagmin suggesting a role for these as
scaffolding proteins. C2 domains fold into an 8-standed
beta-sandwich that can adopt 2 structural arrangements:
Type I and Type II, distinguished by a circular
permutation involving their N- and C-terminal beta
strands. Many C2 domains are Ca2+-dependent
membrane-targeting modules that bind a wide variety of
substances including bind phospholipids, inositol
polyphosphates, and intracellular proteins. Most C2
domain proteins are either signal transduction enzymes
that contain a single C2 domain, such as protein kinase
C, or membrane trafficking proteins which contain at
least two C2 domains, such as synaptotagmin 1.
However, there are a few exceptions to this including
RIM isoforms and some splice variants of
piccolo/aczonin and intersectin which only have a
single C2 domain. C2 domains with a calcium binding
region have negatively charged residues, primarily
aspartates, that serve as ligands for calcium ions.
This cd contains the second C2 repeat, C2B, and has a
type-II topology.
Length = 126
Score = 36.9 bits (86), Expect = 2e-04
Identities = 22/59 (37%), Positives = 29/59 (49%), Gaps = 6/59 (10%)
Query: 6 LDPYVKVYLLYKGQRVAKKKTHVKKRTLNPVYNESFVFEVPADNLDSVSLELLLLDWDR 64
DPYV + +R+AK +T TLNP ++E F EVPA L + WDR
Sbjct: 22 SDPYVTLVDTNGKRRIAKTRT--IYDTLNPRWDEEFELEVPAGE----PLWISATVWDR 74
>gnl|CDD|175981 cd04014, C2_PKC_epsilon, C2 domain in Protein Kinase C (PKC)
epsilon. A single C2 domain is found in PKC epsilon.
The PKC family of serine/threonine kinases regulates
apoptosis, proliferation, migration, motility,
chemo-resistance, and differentiation. There are 3
groups: group 1 (alpha, betaI, beta II, gamma) which
require phospholipids and calcium, group 2 (delta,
epsilon, theta, eta) which do not require calcium for
activation, and group 3 (xi, iota/lambda) which are
atypical and can be activated in the absence of
diacylglycerol and calcium. C2 domains fold into an
8-standed beta-sandwich that can adopt 2 structural
arrangements: Type I and Type II, distinguished by a
circular permutation involving their N- and C-terminal
beta strands. Many C2 domains are Ca2+-dependent
membrane-targeting modules that bind a wide variety of
substances including bind phospholipids, inositol
polyphosphates, and intracellular proteins. Most C2
domain proteins are either signal transduction enzymes
that contain a single C2 domain, such as protein kinase
C, or membrane trafficking proteins which contain at
least two C2 domains, such as synaptotagmin 1.
However, there are a few exceptions to this including
RIM isoforms and some splice variants of
piccolo/aczonin and intersectin which only have a
single C2 domain. C2 domains with a calcium binding
region have negatively charged residues, primarily
aspartates, that serve as ligands for calcium ions.
Members here have a type-II topology.
Length = 132
Score = 36.9 bits (86), Expect = 2e-04
Identities = 16/45 (35%), Positives = 22/45 (48%), Gaps = 4/45 (8%)
Query: 1 MKDNELDPYVKVYLLYKGQRVAKKKTHVKKRTLNPVYNESFVFEV 45
LDPYV + + + K T K +T +PV+NE F EV
Sbjct: 30 KGSQLLDPYVSIDV--DDTHIGK--TSTKPKTNSPVWNEEFTTEV 70
>gnl|CDD|176072 cd08690, C2_Freud-1, C2 domain found in 5' repressor element
under dual repression binding protein-1 (Freud-1).
Freud-1 is a novel calcium-regulated repressor that
negatively regulates basal 5-HT1A receptor expression
in neurons. It may also play a role in the altered
regulation of 5-HT1A receptors associated with anxiety
or major depression. Freud-1 contains two DM-14 basic
repeats, a helix-loop-helix DNA binding domain, and a
C2 domain. The Freud-1 C2 domain is thought to be
calcium insensitive and it lacks several acidic
residues that mediate calcium binding of the PKC C2
domain. In addition, it contains a poly-basic insert
that is not present in calcium-dependent C2 domains and
may function as a nuclear localization signal. C2
domains fold into an 8-standed beta-sandwich that can
adopt 2 structural arrangements: Type I and Type II,
distinguished by a circular permutation involving their
N- and C-terminal beta strands. Many C2 domains are
Ca2+-dependent membrane-targeting modules that bind a
wide variety of substances including bind
phospholipids, inositol polyphosphates, and
intracellular proteins. Most C2 domain proteins are
either signal transduction enzymes that contain a
single C2 domain, such as protein kinase C, or membrane
trafficking proteins which contain at least two C2
domains, such as synaptotagmin 1. However, there are a
few exceptions to this including RIM isoforms and some
splice variants of piccolo/aczonin and intersectin
which only have a single C2 domain. C2 domains with a
calcium binding region have negatively charged
residues, primarily aspartates, that serve as ligands
for calcium ions. This cd contains the first C2
repeat, C2A, and has a type-II topology.
Length = 155
Score = 36.9 bits (86), Expect = 3e-04
Identities = 16/42 (38%), Positives = 20/42 (47%)
Query: 4 NELDPYVKVYLLYKGQRVAKKKTHVKKRTLNPVYNESFVFEV 45
+LD YVK Y + KT K T +P YNESF +
Sbjct: 23 KDLDTYVKFEFPYPNEEPQSGKTSTIKDTNSPEYNESFKLNI 64
>gnl|CDD|175974 cd00275, C2_PLC_like, C2 domain present in
Phosphoinositide-specific phospholipases C (PLC). PLCs
are involved in the hydrolysis of
phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) to
d-myo-inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate (1,4,5-IP3) and
sn-1,2-diacylglycerol (DAG). 1,4,5-IP3 and DAG are
second messengers in eukaryotic signal transduction
cascades. PLC is composed of a N-terminal PH domain
followed by a series of EF hands, a catalytic TIM
barrel and a C-terminal C2 domain. C2 domains fold into
an 8-standed beta-sandwich that can adopt 2 structural
arrangements: Type I and Type II, distinguished by a
circular permutation involving their N- and C-terminal
beta strands. Many C2 domains are Ca2+-dependent
membrane-targeting modules that bind a wide variety of
substances including bind phospholipids, inositol
polyphosphates, and intracellular proteins. Most C2
domain proteins are either signal transduction enzymes
that contain a single C2 domain, such as protein kinase
C, or membrane trafficking proteins which contain at
least two C2 domains, such as synaptotagmin 1.
However, there are a few exceptions to this including
RIM isoforms and some splice variants of
piccolo/aczonin and intersectin which only have a
single C2 domain. C2 domains with a calcium binding
region have negatively charged residues, primarily
aspartates, that serve as ligands for calcium ions.
Members here have a type-II topology.
Length = 128
Score = 36.4 bits (85), Expect = 3e-04
Identities = 20/43 (46%), Positives = 25/43 (58%), Gaps = 6/43 (13%)
Query: 7 DPYVKVYLLYKG---QRVAKKKTHVKKR-TLNPVYNESFVFEV 45
DPYV+V + G AK KT V K NPV+NE+F F+V
Sbjct: 26 DPYVEVEIH--GLPADDSAKFKTKVVKNNGFNPVWNETFEFDV 66
>gnl|CDD|175989 cd04022, C2A_MCTP_PRT_plant, C2 domain first repeat found in
Multiple C2 domain and Transmembrane region Proteins
(MCTP); plant subset. MCTPs are involved in Ca2+
signaling at the membrane. Plant-MCTPs are composed of
a variable N-terminal sequence, four C2 domains, two
transmembrane regions (TMRs), and a short C-terminal
sequence. It is one of four protein classes that are
anchored to membranes via a transmembrane region; the
others being synaptotagmins, extended synaptotagmins,
and ferlins. MCTPs are the only membrane-bound C2
domain proteins that contain two functional TMRs. MCTPs
are unique in that they bind Ca2+ but not
phospholipids. C2 domains fold into an 8-standed
beta-sandwich that can adopt 2 structural arrangements:
Type I and Type II, distinguished by a circular
permutation involving their N- and C-terminal beta
strands. Many C2 domains are Ca2+-dependent
membrane-targeting modules that bind a wide variety of
substances including bind phospholipids, inositol
polyphosphates, and intracellular proteins. Most C2
domain proteins are either signal transduction enzymes
that contain a single C2 domain, such as protein kinase
C, or membrane trafficking proteins which contain at
least two C2 domains, such as synaptotagmin 1.
However, there are a few exceptions to this including
RIM isoforms and some splice variants of
piccolo/aczonin and intersectin which only have a
single C2 domain. C2 domains with a calcium binding
region have negatively charged residues, primarily
aspartates, that serve as ligands for calcium ions.
This cd contains the first C2 repeat, C2A, and has a
type-II topology.
Length = 127
Score = 35.8 bits (83), Expect = 5e-04
Identities = 16/38 (42%), Positives = 23/38 (60%), Gaps = 5/38 (13%)
Query: 8 PYVKVYLLYKGQRVAKKKTHVKKRTLNPVYNESFVFEV 45
YV++ + GQ+ K+T K + LNPV+NE VF V
Sbjct: 23 AYVELD--FDGQK---KRTRTKPKDLNPVWNEKLVFNV 55
>gnl|CDD|176067 cd08685, C2_RGS-like, C2 domain of the Regulator Of G-Protein
Signaling (RGS) family. This CD contains members of
the regulator of G-protein signaling (RGS) family. RGS
is a GTPase activating protein which inhibits G-protein
mediated signal transduction. The protein is largely
cytosolic, but G-protein activation leads to
translocation of this protein to the plasma membrane. A
nuclear form of this protein has also been described,
but its sequence has not been identified. There are
multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants in
this family with some members having additional domains
(ex. PDZ and RGS) downstream of the C2 domain. The C2
domain was first identified in PKC. C2 domains fold
into an 8-standed beta-sandwich that can adopt 2
structural arrangements: Type I and Type II,
distinguished by a circular permutation involving their
N- and C-terminal beta strands. Many C2 domains are
Ca2+-dependent membrane-targeting modules that bind a
wide variety of substances including bind
phospholipids, inositol polyphosphates, and
intracellular proteins. Most C2 domain proteins are
either signal transduction enzymes that contain a
single C2 domain, such as protein kinase C, or membrane
trafficking proteins which contain at least two C2
domains, such as synaptotagmin 1. However, there are a
few exceptions to this including RIM isoforms and some
splice variants of piccolo/aczonin and intersectin
which only have a single C2 domain. C2 domains with a
calcium binding region have negatively charged
residues, primarily aspartates, that serve as ligands
for calcium ions.
Length = 119
Score = 34.7 bits (80), Expect = 0.001
Identities = 17/67 (25%), Positives = 34/67 (50%), Gaps = 3/67 (4%)
Query: 7 DPYVKVYLLYKGQRVAKKKTHVKKRTLNPVYNESFVFEVPADNLDSVSLELLLLDWDRVT 66
+ YVK+ L + ++KT + NP+++E+F F+V N LL+ W++++
Sbjct: 33 NSYVKISLSPDKEVRFRQKTSTVPDSANPLFHETFSFDV---NERDYQKRLLVTVWNKLS 89
Query: 67 KNEKIFF 73
K+
Sbjct: 90 KSRDSGL 96
>gnl|CDD|175993 cd04027, C2B_Munc13, C2 domain second repeat in Munc13 (mammalian
uncoordinated) proteins. C2-like domains are thought
to be involved in phospholipid binding in a Ca2+
independent manner in both Unc13 and Munc13.
Caenorabditis elegans Unc13 has a central domain with
sequence similarity to PKC, which includes C1 and
C2-related domains. Unc13 binds phorbol esters and DAG
with high affinity in a phospholipid manner. Mutations
in Unc13 results in abnormal neuronal connections and
impairment in cholinergic neurotransmission in the
nematode. Munc13 is the mammalian homolog which are
expressed in the brain. There are 3 isoforms
(Munc13-1, -2, -3) and are thought to play a role in
neurotransmitter release and are hypothesized to be
high-affinity receptors for phorbol esters. Unc13 and
Munc13 contain both C1 and C2 domains. There are two
C2 related domains present, one central and one at the
carboxyl end. Munc13-1 contains a third C2-like
domain. Munc13 interacts with syntaxin, synaptobrevin,
and synaptotagmin suggesting a role for these as
scaffolding proteins. C2 domains fold into an 8-standed
beta-sandwich that can adopt 2 structural arrangements:
Type I and Type II, distinguished by a circular
permutation involving their N- and C-terminal beta
strands. Many C2 domains are Ca2+-dependent
membrane-targeting modules that bind a wide variety of
substances including bind phospholipids, inositol
polyphosphates, and intracellular proteins. Most C2
domain proteins are either signal transduction enzymes
that contain a single C2 domain, such as protein kinase
C, or membrane trafficking proteins which contain at
least two C2 domains, such as synaptotagmin 1.
However, there are a few exceptions to this including
RIM isoforms and some splice variants of
piccolo/aczonin and intersectin which only have a
single C2 domain. C2 domains with a calcium binding
region have negatively charged residues, primarily
aspartates, that serve as ligands for calcium ions.
This cd contains the second C2 repeat, C2B, and has a
type-II topology.
Length = 127
Score = 34.1 bits (78), Expect = 0.003
Identities = 18/38 (47%), Positives = 23/38 (60%), Gaps = 5/38 (13%)
Query: 7 DPYVKVYLLYKGQRVAKKKTHVKKRTLNPVYNESFVFE 44
DPYV V + G+ KK+T + LNPV+NE F FE
Sbjct: 23 DPYVTVQV---GK--TKKRTKTIPQNLNPVWNEKFHFE 55
>gnl|CDD|176007 cd04042, C2A_MCTP_PRT, C2 domain first repeat found in Multiple
C2 domain and Transmembrane region Proteins (MCTP).
MCTPs are involved in Ca2+ signaling at the membrane.
MCTP is composed of a variable N-terminal sequence,
three C2 domains, two transmembrane regions (TMRs), and
a short C-terminal sequence. It is one of four protein
classes that are anchored to membranes via a
transmembrane region; the others being synaptotagmins,
extended synaptotagmins, and ferlins. MCTPs are the
only membrane-bound C2 domain proteins that contain two
functional TMRs. MCTPs are unique in that they bind
Ca2+ but not phospholipids. C2 domains fold into an
8-standed beta-sandwich that can adopt 2 structural
arrangements: Type I and Type II, distinguished by a
circular permutation involving their N- and C-terminal
beta strands. Many C2 domains are Ca2+-dependent
membrane-targeting modules that bind a wide variety of
substances including bind phospholipids, inositol
polyphosphates, and intracellular proteins. Most C2
domain proteins are either signal transduction enzymes
that contain a single C2 domain, such as protein kinase
C, or membrane trafficking proteins which contain at
least two C2 domains, such as synaptotagmin 1.
However, there are a few exceptions to this including
RIM isoforms and some splice variants of
piccolo/aczonin and intersectin which only have a
single C2 domain. C2 domains with a calcium binding
region have negatively charged residues, primarily
aspartates, that serve as ligands for calcium ions.
This cd contains the first C2 repeat, C2A, and has a
type-II topology.
Length = 121
Score = 33.4 bits (77), Expect = 0.004
Identities = 18/39 (46%), Positives = 22/39 (56%), Gaps = 4/39 (10%)
Query: 7 DPYVKVYLLYKGQRVAKKKTHVKKRTLNPVYNESFVFEV 45
DPYVK Y G+ V K KT K LNPV++E F +
Sbjct: 22 DPYVKFK--YGGKTVYKSKTIYK--NLNPVWDEKFTLPI 56
>gnl|CDD|176017 cd04052, C2B_Tricalbin-like, C2 domain second repeat present in
Tricalbin-like proteins. 5 to 6 copies of the C2
domain are present in Tricalbin, a yeast homolog of
Synaptotagmin, which is involved in membrane
trafficking and sorting. C2 domains fold into an
8-standed beta-sandwich that can adopt 2 structural
arrangements: Type I and Type II, distinguished by a
circular permutation involving their N- and C-terminal
beta strands. Many C2 domains are Ca2+-dependent
membrane-targeting modules that bind a wide variety of
substances including bind phospholipids, inositol
polyphosphates, and intracellular proteins. Most C2
domain proteins are either signal transduction enzymes
that contain a single C2 domain, such as protein kinase
C, or membrane trafficking proteins which contain at
least two C2 domains, such as synaptotagmin 1.
However, there are a few exceptions to this including
RIM isoforms and some splice variants of
piccolo/aczonin and intersectin which only have a
single C2 domain. C2 domains with a calcium binding
region have negatively charged residues, primarily
aspartates, that serve as ligands for calcium ions.
This cd contains the second C2 repeat, C2B, and has a
type-II topology.
Length = 111
Score = 32.2 bits (74), Expect = 0.008
Identities = 19/45 (42%), Positives = 24/45 (53%), Gaps = 4/45 (8%)
Query: 2 KDNELDPYVKVYLLYKGQRVAKKKTHVKKRTLNPVYNESFVFEVP 46
K L PY ++YL G+ V T VKK+T NP +N S F V
Sbjct: 9 KTGLLSPYAELYL--NGKLV--YTTRVKKKTNNPSWNASTEFLVT 49
>gnl|CDD|176010 cd04045, C2C_Tricalbin-like, C2 domain third repeat present in
Tricalbin-like proteins. 5 to 6 copies of the C2
domain are present in Tricalbin, a yeast homolog of
Synaptotagmin, which is involved in membrane
trafficking and sorting. C2 domains fold into an
8-standed beta-sandwich that can adopt 2 structural
arrangements: Type I and Type II, distinguished by a
circular permutation involving their N- and C-terminal
beta strands. Many C2 domains are Ca2+-dependent
membrane-targeting modules that bind a wide variety of
substances including bind phospholipids, inositol
polyphosphates, and intracellular proteins. Most C2
domain proteins are either signal transduction enzymes
that contain a single C2 domain, such as protein kinase
C, or membrane trafficking proteins which contain at
least two C2 domains, such as synaptotagmin 1.
However, there are a few exceptions to this including
RIM isoforms and some splice variants of
piccolo/aczonin and intersectin which only have a
single C2 domain. C2 domains with a calcium binding
region have negatively charged residues, primarily
aspartates, that serve as ligands for calcium ions.
This cd contains the third C2 repeat, C2C, and has a
type-II topology.
Length = 120
Score = 32.2 bits (74), Expect = 0.010
Identities = 17/51 (33%), Positives = 27/51 (52%), Gaps = 5/51 (9%)
Query: 7 DPYVKVYLLYKGQRVAKKKTHVKKRTLNPVYNESFVFEVPADNLDSVSLEL 57
DPYV+V + + K +T TLNPV++E V + N ++LE+
Sbjct: 23 DPYVRVLV----NGIVKGRTVTISNTLNPVWDEVLYVPVTSPN-QKITLEV 68
>gnl|CDD|176015 cd04050, C2B_Synaptotagmin-like, C2 domain second repeat present
in Synaptotagmin-like proteins. Synaptotagmin is a
membrane-trafficking protein characterized by a
N-terminal transmembrane region, a linker, and 2
C-terminal C2 domains. Previously all synaptotagmins
were thought to be calcium sensors in the regulation of
neurotransmitter release and hormone secretion, but it
has been shown that not all of them bind calcium. Of
the 17 identified synaptotagmins only 8 bind calcium
(1-3, 5-7, 9, 10). The function of the two C2 domains
that bind calcium are: regulating the fusion step of
synaptic vesicle exocytosis (C2A) and binding to
phosphatidyl-inositol-3,4,5-triphosphate (PIP3) in the
absence of calcium ions and to phosphatidylinositol
bisphosphate (PIP2) in their presence (C2B). C2B also
regulates also the recycling step of synaptic vesicles.
C2 domains fold into an 8-standed beta-sandwich that
can adopt 2 structural arrangements: Type I and Type
II, distinguished by a circular permutation involving
their N- and C-terminal beta strands. Many C2 domains
are Ca2+-dependent membrane-targeting modules that bind
a wide variety of substances including bind
phospholipids, inositol polyphosphates, and
intracellular proteins. Most C2 domain proteins are
either signal transduction enzymes that contain a
single C2 domain, such as protein kinase C, or membrane
trafficking proteins which contain at least two C2
domains, such as synaptotagmin 1. However, there are a
few exceptions to this including RIM isoforms and some
splice variants of piccolo/aczonin and intersectin
which only have a single C2 domain. C2 domains with a
calcium binding region have negatively charged
residues, primarily aspartates, that serve as ligands
for calcium ions. This cd contains the second C2
repeat, C2B, and has a type-I topology.
Length = 105
Score = 31.8 bits (73), Expect = 0.011
Identities = 17/51 (33%), Positives = 28/51 (54%), Gaps = 5/51 (9%)
Query: 7 DPYVKVYLLYKGQRVAKKKTHVKKRTLNPVYNESFVFEVPADNLDSVSLEL 57
PYV++ + G+ +K+ VK+RT NPV+ E F F V + +E+
Sbjct: 22 SPYVELTV---GK--TTQKSKVKERTNNPVWEEGFTFLVRNPENQELEIEV 67
>gnl|CDD|187656 cd08953, KR_2_SDR_x, ketoreductase (KR), subgroup 2, complex (x)
SDRs. Ketoreductase, a module of the multidomain
polyketide synthase (PKS), has 2 subdomains, each
corresponding to a SDR family monomer. The C-terminal
subdomain catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of the
beta-carbonyl of a polyketide to a hydroxyl group, a
step in the biosynthesis of polyketides, such as
erythromycin. The N-terminal subdomain, an interdomain
linker, is a truncated Rossmann fold which acts to
stabilizes the catalytic subdomain. Unlike typical SDRs,
the isolated domain does not oligomerize but is composed
of 2 subdomains, each resembling an SDR monomer. The
active site resembles that of typical SDRs, except that
the usual positions of the catalytic Asn and Tyr are
swapped, so that the canonical YXXXK motif changes to
YXXXN. Modular PKSs are multifunctional structures in
which the makeup recapitulates that found in (and may
have evolved from) FAS. Polyketide synthesis also
proceeds via the addition of 2-carbon units as in fatty
acid synthesis. The complex SDR NADP-binding motif,
GGXGXXG, is often present, but is not strictly conserved
in each instance of the module. This subfamily includes
both KR domains of the Bacillus subtilis Pks J,-L, and
PksM, and all three KR domains of PksN, components of
the megacomplex bacillaene synthase, which synthesizes
the antibiotic bacillaene. SDRs are a functionally
diverse family of oxidoreductases that have a single
domain with a structurally conserved Rossmann fold
(alpha/beta folding pattern with a central beta-sheet),
an NAD(P)(H)-binding region, and a structurally diverse
C-terminal region. Classical SDRs are typically about
250 residues long, while extended SDRs are approximately
350 residues. Sequence identity between different SDR
enzymes are typically in the 15-30% range, but the
enzymes share the Rossmann fold NAD-binding motif and
characteristic NAD-binding and catalytic sequence
patterns. These enzymes catalyze a wide range of
activities including the metabolism of steroids,
cofactors, carbohydrates, lipids, aromatic compounds,
and amino acids, and act in redox sensing. Classical
SDRs have an TGXXX[AG]XG cofactor binding motif and a
YXXXK active site motif, with the Tyr residue of the
active site motif serving as a critical catalytic
residue (Tyr-151, human prostaglandin dehydrogenase
(PGDH) numbering). In addition to the Tyr and Lys, there
is often an upstream Ser (Ser-138, PGDH numbering)
and/or an Asn (Asn-107, PGDH numbering) contributing to
the active site; while substrate binding is in the
C-terminal region, which determines specificity. The
standard reaction mechanism is a 4-pro-S hydride
transfer and proton relay involving the conserved Tyr
and Lys, a water molecule stabilized by Asn, and
nicotinamide. Extended SDRs have additional elements in
the C-terminal region, and typically have a TGXXGXXG
cofactor binding motif. Complex (multidomain) SDRs such
as ketoreductase domains of fatty acid synthase have a
GGXGXXG NAD(P)-binding motif and an altered active site
motif (YXXXN). Fungal type KRs have a TGXXXGX(1-2)G
NAD(P)-binding motif. Some atypical SDRs have lost
catalytic activity and/or have an unusual NAD(P)-binding
motif and missing or unusual active site residues.
Reactions catalyzed within the SDR family include
isomerization, decarboxylation, epimerization, C=N bond
reduction, dehydratase activity, dehalogenation,
Enoyl-CoA reduction, and carbonyl-alcohol
oxidoreduction.
Length = 436
Score = 32.7 bits (75), Expect = 0.012
Identities = 9/22 (40%), Positives = 13/22 (59%), Gaps = 1/22 (4%)
Query: 63 DRVTKNEKI-FFFFFSSSSSFF 83
+ +E + FF FSS S+FF
Sbjct: 327 AQALADEPLDFFVLFSSVSAFF 348
>gnl|CDD|176035 cd08389, C2A_Synaptotagmin-14_16, C2A domain first repeat present
in Synaptotagmins 14 and 16. Synaptotagmin 14 and 16
are membrane-trafficking proteins in specific tissues
outside the brain. Both of these contain C-terminal
tandem C2 repeats, but only Synaptotagmin 14 has an
N-terminal transmembrane domain and a putative
fatty-acylation site. Previously all synaptotagmins were
thought to be calcium sensors in the regulation of
neurotransmitter release and hormone secretion, but it
has been shown that not all of them bind calcium and
this is indeed the case here. Of the 17 identified
synaptotagmins only 8 bind calcium (1-3, 5-7, 9, 10).
The function of the two C2 domains that bind calcium
are: regulating the fusion step of synaptic vesicle
exocytosis (C2A) and binding to
phosphatidyl-inositol-3,4,5-triphosphate (PIP3) in the
absence of calcium ions and to phosphatidylinositol
bisphosphate (PIP2) in their presence (C2B). C2B also
regulates also the recycling step of synaptic vesicles.
C2 domains fold into an 8-standed beta-sandwich that can
adopt 2 structural arrangements: Type I and Type II,
distinguished by a circular permutation involving their
N- and C-terminal beta strands. Many C2 domains are
Ca2+-dependent membrane-targeting modules that bind a
wide variety of substances including bind phospholipids,
inositol polyphosphates, and intracellular proteins.
Most C2 domain proteins are either signal transduction
enzymes that contain a single C2 domain, such as protein
kinase C, or membrane trafficking proteins which contain
at least two C2 domains, such as synaptotagmin 1.
However, there are a few exceptions to this including
RIM isoforms and some splice variants of piccolo/aczonin
and intersectin which only have a single C2 domain. C2
domains with a calcium binding region have negatively
charged residues, primarily aspartates, that serve as
ligands for calcium ions. This cd contains the first C2
repeat, C2A, and has a type-I topology.
Length = 124
Score = 31.8 bits (73), Expect = 0.013
Identities = 23/68 (33%), Positives = 35/68 (51%), Gaps = 9/68 (13%)
Query: 12 VYLLYKGQRVAKKKTHVKKRTLNPVYNESFVF-EVPADNLDSVSLELLLLDWDRVTKN-- 68
V L K QR KT V++ NPV+NE+F F V + L++++L L +R+ K
Sbjct: 44 VLLPSKKQR---AKTKVQRGP-NPVFNETFTFSRVEPEELNNMALRFRLYGVERMRKERL 99
Query: 69 --EKIFFF 74
EK+
Sbjct: 100 IGEKVVPL 107
>gnl|CDD|176011 cd04046, C2_Calpain, C2 domain present in Calpain proteins. A
single C2 domain is found in calpains (EC 3.4.22.52, EC
3.4.22.53), calcium-dependent, non-lysosomal cysteine
proteases. Caplains are classified as belonging to
Clan CA by MEROPS and include six families: C1, C2,
C10, C12, C28, and C47. C2 domains fold into an
8-standed beta-sandwich that can adopt 2 structural
arrangements: Type I and Type II, distinguished by a
circular permutation involving their N- and C-terminal
beta strands. Many C2 domains are Ca2+-dependent
membrane-targeting modules that bind a wide variety of
substances including bind phospholipids, inositol
polyphosphates, and intracellular proteins. Most C2
domain proteins are either signal transduction enzymes
that contain a single C2 domain, such as protein kinase
C, or membrane trafficking proteins which contain at
least two C2 domains, such as synaptotagmin 1.
However, there are a few exceptions to this including
RIM isoforms and some splice variants of
piccolo/aczonin and intersectin which only have a
single C2 domain. C2 domains with a calcium binding
region have negatively charged residues, primarily
aspartates, that serve as ligands for calcium ions.
Length = 126
Score = 31.9 bits (73), Expect = 0.016
Identities = 12/37 (32%), Positives = 22/37 (59%), Gaps = 5/37 (13%)
Query: 7 DPYVKVYLLYKGQRVAKKKTHVKKRTLNPVYNESFVF 43
DPYV + +G+ V ++ V+K TL+P ++ +F
Sbjct: 25 DPYVIIKC--EGESV---RSPVQKDTLSPEFDTQAIF 56
>gnl|CDD|176024 cd08378, C2B_MCTP_PRT_plant, C2 domain second repeat found in
Multiple C2 domain and Transmembrane region Proteins
(MCTP); plant subset. MCTPs are involved in Ca2+
signaling at the membrane. Plant-MCTPs are composed of
a variable N-terminal sequence, four C2 domains, two
transmembrane regions (TMRs), and a short C-terminal
sequence. It is one of four protein classes that are
anchored to membranes via a transmembrane region; the
others being synaptotagmins, extended synaptotagmins,
and ferlins. MCTPs are the only membrane-bound C2
domain proteins that contain two functional TMRs. MCTPs
are unique in that they bind Ca2+ but not
phospholipids. C2 domains fold into an 8-standed
beta-sandwich that can adopt 2 structural arrangements:
Type I and Type II, distinguished by a circular
permutation involving their N- and C-terminal beta
strands. Many C2 domains are Ca2+-dependent
membrane-targeting modules that bind a wide variety of
substances including bind phospholipids, inositol
polyphosphates, and intracellular proteins. Most C2
domain proteins are either signal transduction enzymes
that contain a single C2 domain, such as protein kinase
C, or membrane trafficking proteins which contain at
least two C2 domains, such as synaptotagmin 1.
However, there are a few exceptions to this including
RIM isoforms and some splice variants of
piccolo/aczonin and intersectin which only have a
single C2 domain. C2 domains with a calcium binding
region have negatively charged residues, primarily
aspartates, that serve as ligands for calcium ions.
This cd contains the second C2 repeat, C2B, and has a
type-II topology.
Length = 121
Score = 31.1 bits (71), Expect = 0.022
Identities = 21/70 (30%), Positives = 31/70 (44%), Gaps = 9/70 (12%)
Query: 2 KDNELDPYVKVYLLYKGQRVAKKKTHVKKRTLNPVYNESFVFEVPADNLDSVSLELLLLD 61
N DP V+V L G K ++ RT NP +N+ F F D L +LE+ +
Sbjct: 13 PANSNDPVVEVKL---GNYKGSTK-AIE-RTSNPEWNQVFAFS--KDRLQGSTLEVSV-- 63
Query: 62 WDRVTKNEKI 71
WD+ +
Sbjct: 64 WDKDKAKDDF 73
>gnl|CDD|176009 cd04044, C2A_Tricalbin-like, C2 domain first repeat present in
Tricalbin-like proteins. 5 to 6 copies of the C2
domain are present in Tricalbin, a yeast homolog of
Synaptotagmin, which is involved in membrane
trafficking and sorting. C2 domains fold into an
8-standed beta-sandwich that can adopt 2 structural
arrangements: Type I and Type II, distinguished by a
circular permutation involving their N- and C-terminal
beta strands. Many C2 domains are Ca2+-dependent
membrane-targeting modules that bind a wide variety of
substances including bind phospholipids, inositol
polyphosphates, and intracellular proteins. Most C2
domain proteins are either signal transduction enzymes
that contain a single C2 domain, such as protein kinase
C, or membrane trafficking proteins which contain at
least two C2 domains, such as synaptotagmin 1.
However, there are a few exceptions to this including
RIM isoforms and some splice variants of
piccolo/aczonin and intersectin which only have a
single C2 domain. C2 domains with a calcium binding
region have negatively charged residues, primarily
aspartates, that serve as ligands for calcium ions.
This cd contains the first C2 repeat, C2A, and has a
type-II topology.
Length = 124
Score = 31.4 bits (72), Expect = 0.023
Identities = 15/41 (36%), Positives = 21/41 (51%), Gaps = 3/41 (7%)
Query: 1 MKDNELDPYVKVYLLYKGQRVAKKKTHVKKRTLNPVYNESF 41
+ +DPYV + R +T VKK T NPV+NE+
Sbjct: 19 IIGGTVDPYVTFSI---SNRRELARTKVKKDTSNPVWNETK 56
>gnl|CDD|175982 cd04015, C2_plant_PLD, C2 domain present in plant phospholipase D
(PLD). PLD hydrolyzes terminal phosphodiester bonds in
diester glycerophospholipids resulting in the
degradation of phospholipids. In vitro PLD transfers
phosphatidic acid to primary alcohols. In plants PLD
plays a role in germination, seedling growth,
phosphatidylinositol metabolism, and changes in
phospholipid composition. There is a single
Ca(2+)/phospholipid-binding C2 domain in PLD. C2
domains fold into an 8-standed beta-sandwich that can
adopt 2 structural arrangements: Type I and Type II,
distinguished by a circular permutation involving their
N- and C-terminal beta strands. Many C2 domains are
Ca2+-dependent membrane-targeting modules that bind a
wide variety of substances including bind
phospholipids, inositol polyphosphates, and
intracellular proteins. Most C2 domain proteins are
either signal transduction enzymes that contain a
single C2 domain, such as protein kinase C, or membrane
trafficking proteins which contain at least two C2
domains, such as synaptotagmin 1. However, there are a
few exceptions to this including RIM isoforms and some
splice variants of piccolo/aczonin and intersectin
which only have a single C2 domain. C2 domains with a
calcium binding region have negatively charged
residues, primarily aspartates, that serve as ligands
for calcium ions.
Length = 158
Score = 31.5 bits (72), Expect = 0.024
Identities = 18/35 (51%), Positives = 22/35 (62%), Gaps = 4/35 (11%)
Query: 7 DPYVKVYLLYKGQRVAKKKTHVKKRTLNPVYNESF 41
DPY V L G RVA+ T V + + NPV+NESF
Sbjct: 59 DPYATVDL--AGARVAR--TRVIENSENPVWNESF 89
>gnl|CDD|176060 cd08678, C2_C21orf25-like, C2 domain found in the Human
chromosome 21 open reading frame 25 (C21orf25) protein.
The members in this cd are named after the Human
C21orf25 which contains a single C2 domain. Several
other members contain a C1 domain downstream of the C2
domain. No other information on this protein is
currently known. The C2 domain was first identified in
PKC. C2 domains fold into an 8-standed beta-sandwich
that can adopt 2 structural arrangements: Type I and
Type II, distinguished by a circular permutation
involving their N- and C-terminal beta strands. Many C2
domains are Ca2+-dependent membrane-targeting modules
that bind a wide variety of substances including bind
phospholipids, inositol polyphosphates, and
intracellular proteins. Most C2 domain proteins are
either signal transduction enzymes that contain a
single C2 domain, such as protein kinase C, or membrane
trafficking proteins which contain at least two C2
domains, such as synaptotagmin 1. However, there are a
few exceptions to this including RIM isoforms and some
splice variants of piccolo/aczonin and intersectin
which only have a single C2 domain. C2 domains with a
calcium binding region have negatively charged
residues, primarily aspartates, that serve as ligands
for calcium ions.
Length = 126
Score = 31.2 bits (71), Expect = 0.030
Identities = 20/67 (29%), Positives = 32/67 (47%), Gaps = 8/67 (11%)
Query: 7 DPYVKVYLLYKGQRVAKKKTHVKKRTLNPVYNESFVFEVPADNLDSVSLELLLLDWDRVT 66
+PY + + Q K ++ +K T NP ++E F+FE L S ELL +D
Sbjct: 19 NPYCVLEMDEPPQ---KYQSSTQKNTSNPFWDEHFLFE-----LSPNSKELLFEVYDNGK 70
Query: 67 KNEKIFF 73
K++ F
Sbjct: 71 KSDSKFL 77
>gnl|CDD|176001 cd04036, C2_cPLA2, C2 domain present in cytosolic PhosphoLipase
A2 (cPLA2). A single copy of the C2 domain is present
in cPLA2 which releases arachidonic acid from membranes
initiating the biosynthesis of potent inflammatory
mediators such as prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and
platelet-activating factor. C2 domains fold into an
8-standed beta-sandwich that can adopt 2 structural
arrangements: Type I and Type II, distinguished by a
circular permutation involving their N- and C-terminal
beta strands. Many C2 domains are Ca2+-dependent
membrane-targeting modules that bind a wide variety of
substances including bind phospholipids, inositol
polyphosphates, and intracellular proteins. Most C2
domain proteins are either signal transduction enzymes
that contain a single C2 domain, such as protein kinase
C, or membrane trafficking proteins which contain at
least two C2 domains, such as synaptotagmin 1.
However, there are a few exceptions to this including
RIM isoforms and some splice variants of
piccolo/aczonin and intersectin which only have a
single C2 domain. C2 domains with a calcium binding
region have negatively charged residues, primarily
aspartates, that serve as ligands for calcium ions.
Members of this cd have a type-II topology.
Length = 119
Score = 30.7 bits (70), Expect = 0.038
Identities = 22/59 (37%), Positives = 36/59 (61%), Gaps = 4/59 (6%)
Query: 7 DPYVKVYLLYKGQRVAKKKTHVKKRTLNPVYNESFVFEVPADNLDSVSLELLLLDWDRV 65
D YV+++L KK+T K ++NPV+NE+F F + + + +V LEL ++D D V
Sbjct: 22 DCYVELWLPTASDE--KKRTKTIKNSINPVWNETFEFRIQS-QVKNV-LELTVMDEDYV 76
>gnl|CDD|176012 cd04047, C2B_Copine, C2 domain second repeat in Copine. There
are 2 copies of the C2 domain present in copine, a
protein involved in membrane trafficking,
protein-protein interactions, and perhaps even cell
division and growth. C2 domains fold into an 8-standed
beta-sandwich that can adopt 2 structural arrangements:
Type I and Type II, distinguished by a circular
permutation involving their N- and C-terminal beta
strands. Many C2 domains are Ca2+-dependent
membrane-targeting modules that bind a wide variety of
substances including bind phospholipids, inositol
polyphosphates, and intracellular proteins. Most C2
domain proteins are either signal transduction enzymes
that contain a single C2 domain, such as protein kinase
C, or membrane trafficking proteins which contain at
least two C2 domains, such as synaptotagmin 1.
However, there are a few exceptions to this including
RIM isoforms and some splice variants of
piccolo/aczonin and intersectin which only have a
single C2 domain. C2 domains with a calcium binding
region have negatively charged residues, primarily
aspartates, that serve as ligands for calcium ions.
This cd contains the second C2 repeat, C2B, and has a
type-I topology.
Length = 110
Score = 30.2 bits (69), Expect = 0.043
Identities = 20/76 (26%), Positives = 36/76 (47%), Gaps = 8/76 (10%)
Query: 7 DPYVKVYLLYK-GQRVAKKKTHVKKRTLNPVYNESFVFEVPADNL----DSVSLELLLLD 61
DP++++ + G V +T V K TLNPV+ F +P L +++ + D
Sbjct: 22 DPFLEISRQSEDGTWVLVYRTEVIKNTLNPVWKP---FTIPLQKLCNGDYDRPIKIEVYD 78
Query: 62 WDRVTKNEKIFFFFFS 77
+D K++ I F +
Sbjct: 79 YDSSGKHDLIGEFETT 94
>gnl|CDD|176022 cd08376, C2B_MCTP_PRT, C2 domain second repeat found in Multiple
C2 domain and Transmembrane region Proteins (MCTP).
MCTPs are involved in Ca2+ signaling at the membrane.
MCTP is composed of a variable N-terminal sequence,
three C2 domains, two transmembrane regions (TMRs), and
a short C-terminal sequence. It is one of four protein
classes that are anchored to membranes via a
transmembrane region; the others being synaptotagmins,
extended synaptotagmins, and ferlins. MCTPs are the
only membrane-bound C2 domain proteins that contain two
functional TMRs. MCTPs are unique in that they bind
Ca2+ but not phospholipids. C2 domains fold into an
8-standed beta-sandwich that can adopt 2 structural
arrangements: Type I and Type II, distinguished by a
circular permutation involving their N- and C-terminal
beta strands. Many C2 domains are Ca2+-dependent
membrane-targeting modules that bind a wide variety of
substances including bind phospholipids, inositol
polyphosphates, and intracellular proteins. Most C2
domain proteins are either signal transduction enzymes
that contain a single C2 domain, such as protein kinase
C, or membrane trafficking proteins which contain at
least two C2 domains, such as synaptotagmin 1.
However, there are a few exceptions to this including
RIM isoforms and some splice variants of
piccolo/aczonin and intersectin which only have a
single C2 domain. C2 domains with a calcium binding
region have negatively charged residues, primarily
aspartates, that serve as ligands for calcium ions.
This cd contains the second C2 repeat, C2B, and has a
type-II topology.
Length = 116
Score = 29.9 bits (68), Expect = 0.065
Identities = 29/72 (40%), Positives = 36/72 (50%), Gaps = 8/72 (11%)
Query: 1 MKDNEL-DPYVKVYLLYKGQRVAKKKTHVKKRTLNPVYNESFVFEVPADNLDSVSLELLL 59
M DN L DPYVK L G K K+ V +TLNP + E F + D S LE+ +
Sbjct: 15 MDDNGLSDPYVKFRL---GNE--KYKSKVCSKTLNPQWLEQFDLHLFDDQ--SQILEIEV 67
Query: 60 LDWDRVTKNEKI 71
D D K+E I
Sbjct: 68 WDKDTGKKDEFI 79
>gnl|CDD|176045 cd08400, C2_Ras_p21A1, C2 domain present in RAS p21 protein
activator 1 (RasA1). RasA1 is a GAP1 (GTPase
activating protein 1), a Ras-specific GAP member, which
suppresses Ras function by enhancing the GTPase
activity of Ras proteins resulting in the inactive
GDP-bound form of Ras. In this way it can control
cellular proliferation and differentiation. RasA1
contains a C2 domain, a Ras-GAP domain, a pleckstrin
homology (PH)-like domain, a SH3 domain, and 2 SH2
domains. C2 domains fold into an 8-standed
beta-sandwich that can adopt 2 structural arrangements:
Type I and Type II, distinguished by a circular
permutation involving their N- and C-terminal beta
strands. Many C2 domains are Ca2+-dependent
membrane-targeting modules that bind a wide variety of
substances including bind phospholipids, inositol
polyphosphates, and intracellular proteins. Most C2
domain proteins are either signal transduction enzymes
that contain a single C2 domain, such as protein kinase
C, or membrane trafficking proteins which contain at
least two C2 domains, such as synaptotagmin 1.
However, there are a few exceptions to this including
RIM isoforms and some splice variants of
piccolo/aczonin and intersectin which only have a
single C2 domain. C2 domains with a calcium binding
region have negatively charged residues, primarily
aspartates, that serve as ligands for calcium ions.
Members here have a type-I topology.
Length = 126
Score = 29.3 bits (66), Expect = 0.11
Identities = 19/67 (28%), Positives = 33/67 (49%), Gaps = 9/67 (13%)
Query: 8 PYVKVYLLYKGQRVAKKKTHVKKRTLNPVYNESFVFE-VPADNLDSVSLELLLLDWDRVT 66
PY + L V +T V++ NPV++E FVF+ +P D S + L + + +
Sbjct: 24 PYCVISL----NEVKVARTKVRE-GPNPVWSEEFVFDDLPP---DVNSFTISLSNKAKRS 75
Query: 67 KNEKIFF 73
K+ +I
Sbjct: 76 KDSEIAE 82
>gnl|CDD|176068 cd08686, C2_ABR, C2 domain in the Active BCR (Breakpoint cluster
region) Related protein. The ABR protein is similar to
the breakpoint cluster region protein. It has homology
to guanine nucleotide exchange proteins and
GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs). ABR is expressed
primarily in the brain, but also includes non-neuronal
tissues such as the heart. It has been associated with
human diseases such as Miller-Dieker syndrome in which
mental retardation and malformations of the heart are
present. ABR contains a RhoGEF domain and a PH-like
domain upstream of its C2 domain and a RhoGAP domain
downstream of this domain. A few members also contain
a Bcr-Abl oncoprotein oligomerization domain at the
very N-terminal end. Splice variants of ABR have been
identified. ABR is found in a wide variety of organisms
including chimpanzee, dog, mouse, rat, fruit fly, and
mosquito. The C2 domain was first identified in PKC. C2
domains fold into an 8-standed beta-sandwich that can
adopt 2 structural arrangements: Type I and Type II,
distinguished by a circular permutation involving their
N- and C-terminal beta strands. Many C2 domains are
Ca2+-dependent membrane-targeting modules that bind a
wide variety of substances including bind
phospholipids, inositol polyphosphates, and
intracellular proteins. Most C2 domain proteins are
either signal transduction enzymes that contain a
single C2 domain, such as protein kinase C, or membrane
trafficking proteins which contain at least two C2
domains, such as synaptotagmin 1. However, there are a
few exceptions to this including RIM isoforms and some
splice variants of piccolo/aczonin and intersectin
which only have a single C2 domain. C2 domains with a
calcium binding region have negatively charged
residues, primarily aspartates, that serve as ligands
for calcium ions.
Length = 118
Score = 29.4 bits (66), Expect = 0.13
Identities = 16/53 (30%), Positives = 23/53 (43%), Gaps = 6/53 (11%)
Query: 18 GQRVAKKKTHVKKRTLNPVYNESFVFEVPADNLDSVSLELLLLDWDRVTKNEK 70
G V K KT V + T P +NE F E+ S L +L +++ K
Sbjct: 27 GYFVKKAKTRVCRDTTEPNWNEEFEIELEG------SQTLRILCYEKCYSKVK 73
>gnl|CDD|178538 PLN02952, PLN02952, phosphoinositide phospholipase C.
Length = 599
Score = 29.6 bits (66), Expect = 0.14
Identities = 16/51 (31%), Positives = 26/51 (50%)
Query: 7 DPYVKVYLLYKGQRVAKKKTHVKKRTLNPVYNESFVFEVPADNLDSVSLEL 57
D Y K+Y++ AKKKT + + P +NE F F + L + +E+
Sbjct: 498 DFYTKMYIVGVPADNAKKKTKIIEDNWYPAWNEEFSFPLTVPELALLRIEV 548
>gnl|CDD|175990 cd04024, C2A_Synaptotagmin-like, C2 domain first repeat present
in Synaptotagmin-like proteins. Synaptotagmin is a
membrane-trafficking protein characterized by a
N-terminal transmembrane region, a linker, and 2
C-terminal C2 domains. Previously all synaptotagmins
were thought to be calcium sensors in the regulation of
neurotransmitter release and hormone secretion, but it
has been shown that not all of them bind calcium. Of
the 17 identified synaptotagmins only 8 bind calcium
(1-3, 5-7, 9, 10). The function of the two C2 domains
that bind calcium are: regulating the fusion step of
synaptic vesicle exocytosis (C2A) and binding to
phosphatidyl-inositol-3,4,5-triphosphate (PIP3) in the
absence of calcium ions and to phosphatidylinositol
bisphosphate (PIP2) in their presence (C2B). C2B also
regulates also the recycling step of synaptic vesicles.
C2 domains fold into an 8-standed beta-sandwich that
can adopt 2 structural arrangements: Type I and Type
II, distinguished by a circular permutation involving
their N- and C-terminal beta strands. Many C2 domains
are Ca2+-dependent membrane-targeting modules that bind
a wide variety of substances including bind
phospholipids, inositol polyphosphates, and
intracellular proteins. Most C2 domain proteins are
either signal transduction enzymes that contain a
single C2 domain, such as protein kinase C, or membrane
trafficking proteins which contain at least two C2
domains, such as synaptotagmin 1. However, there are a
few exceptions to this including RIM isoforms and some
splice variants of piccolo/aczonin and intersectin
which only have a single C2 domain. C2 domains with a
calcium binding region have negatively charged
residues, primarily aspartates, that serve as ligands
for calcium ions. This cd contains the first C2 repeat,
C2A, and has a type-I topology.
Length = 128
Score = 29.3 bits (66), Expect = 0.14
Identities = 19/63 (30%), Positives = 28/63 (44%), Gaps = 7/63 (11%)
Query: 7 DPYVKVYLLYKGQRVAKKKTHVKKRTLNPVYNESFVFEVPADNLDSVSLELLLLDWDRVT 66
DPY + + G + KT TLNP +N E P + + L+L+L D DR
Sbjct: 25 DPYAILSV---GA--QRFKTQTIPNTLNPKWNYW--CEFPIFSAQNQLLKLILWDKDRFA 77
Query: 67 KNE 69
+
Sbjct: 78 GKD 80
>gnl|CDD|176014 cd04049, C2_putative_Elicitor-responsive_gene, C2 domain present
in the putative elicitor-responsive gene. In plants
elicitor-responsive proteins are triggered in response
to specific elicitor molecules such as glycolproteins,
peptides, carbohydrates and lipids. A host of defensive
responses are also triggered resulting in localized
cell death. Antimicrobial secondary metabolites, such
as phytoalexins, or defense-related proteins, including
pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins are also produced.
There is a single C2 domain present here. C2 domains
fold into an 8-standed beta-sandwich that can adopt 2
structural arrangements: Type I and Type II,
distinguished by a circular permutation involving their
N- and C-terminal beta strands. Many C2 domains are
Ca2+-dependent membrane-targeting modules that bind a
wide variety of substances including bind
phospholipids, inositol polyphosphates, and
intracellular proteins. Most C2 domain proteins are
either signal transduction enzymes that contain a
single C2 domain, such as protein kinase C, or membrane
trafficking proteins which contain at least two C2
domains, such as synaptotagmin 1. However, there are a
few exceptions to this including RIM isoforms and some
splice variants of piccolo/aczonin and intersectin
which only have a single C2 domain. C2 domains with a
calcium binding region have negatively charged
residues, primarily aspartates, that serve as ligands
for calcium ions. Members have a type-II topology.
Length = 124
Score = 29.2 bits (66), Expect = 0.15
Identities = 14/43 (32%), Positives = 20/43 (46%), Gaps = 4/43 (9%)
Query: 4 NELDPYVKVYLLYKGQRVAKKKTHVKKRTLNPVYNESFVFEVP 46
++DPYV + + Q +K K NP +NE F F V
Sbjct: 20 GKIDPYVI--IQCRTQE--RKSKVAKGDGRNPEWNEKFKFTVE 58
>gnl|CDD|176059 cd08677, C2A_Synaptotagmin-13, C2 domain. Synaptotagmin is a
membrane-trafficking protein characterized by a
N-terminal transmembrane region, a linker, and 2
C-terminal C2 domains. Synaptotagmin 13, a member of
class 6 synaptotagmins, is located in the brain. It
functions are unknown. It, like synaptotagmins 8 and
12, does not have any consensus Ca2+ binding sites.
Previously all synaptotagmins were thought to be
calcium sensors in the regulation of neurotransmitter
release and hormone secretion, but it has been shown
that not all of them bind calcium. Of the 17
identified synaptotagmins only 8 bind calcium (1-3,
5-7, 9, 10). The function of the two C2 domains that
bind calcium are: regulating the fusion step of
synaptic vesicle exocytosis (C2A) and binding to
phosphatidyl-inositol-3,4,5-triphosphate (PIP3) in the
absence of calcium ions and to phosphatidylinositol
bisphosphate (PIP2) in their presence (C2B). C2B also
regulates also the recycling step of synaptic vesicles.
C2 domains fold into an 8-standed beta-sandwich that
can adopt 2 structural arrangements: Type I and Type
II, distinguished by a circular permutation involving
their N- and C-terminal beta strands. Many C2 domains
are Ca2+-dependent membrane-targeting modules that bind
a wide variety of substances including bind
phospholipids, inositol polyphosphates, and
intracellular proteins. Most C2 domain proteins are
either signal transduction enzymes that contain a
single C2 domain, such as protein kinase C, or membrane
trafficking proteins which contain at least two C2
domains, such as synaptotagmin 1. However, there are a
few exceptions to this including RIM isoforms and some
splice variants of piccolo/aczonin and intersectin
which only have a single C2 domain. C2 domains with a
calcium binding region have negatively charged
residues, primarily aspartates, that serve as ligands
for calcium ions. This CD contains the first C2 repeat,
C2A, and has a type-I topology.
Length = 118
Score = 29.1 bits (65), Expect = 0.16
Identities = 13/44 (29%), Positives = 23/44 (52%)
Query: 25 KTHVKKRTLNPVYNESFVFEVPADNLDSVSLELLLLDWDRVTKN 68
+T +KK L+ + E VF +P + +L L L DR +++
Sbjct: 50 QTALKKLALHTQWEEELVFPLPEEESLDGTLTLTLRCCDRFSRH 93
>gnl|CDD|176016 cd04051, C2_SRC2_like, C2 domain present in Soybean genes
Regulated by Cold 2 (SRC2)-like proteins. SRC2
production is a response to pathogen infiltration. The
initial response of increased Ca2+ concentrations are
coupled to downstream signal transduction pathways via
calcium binding proteins. SRC2 contains a single C2
domain which localizes to the plasma membrane and is
involved in Ca2+ dependent protein binding. C2 domains
fold into an 8-standed beta-sandwich that can adopt 2
structural arrangements: Type I and Type II,
distinguished by a circular permutation involving their
N- and C-terminal beta strands. Many C2 domains are
Ca2+-dependent membrane-targeting modules that bind a
wide variety of substances including bind
phospholipids, inositol polyphosphates, and
intracellular proteins. Most C2 domain proteins are
either signal transduction enzymes that contain a
single C2 domain, such as protein kinase C, or membrane
trafficking proteins which contain at least two C2
domains, such as synaptotagmin 1. However, there are a
few exceptions to this including RIM isoforms and some
splice variants of piccolo/aczonin and intersectin
which only have a single C2 domain. C2 domains with a
calcium binding region have negatively charged
residues, primarily aspartates, that serve as ligands
for calcium ions.
Length = 125
Score = 28.4 bits (64), Expect = 0.26
Identities = 12/53 (22%), Positives = 20/53 (37%), Gaps = 5/53 (9%)
Query: 6 LDPYVKVYLLYKGQRVAKKKTHV-KKRTLNPVYNESFVFEVPADNLDSVSLEL 57
+ Y V++ + T V + NP +NE+ F + L L L
Sbjct: 21 MKVYAVVWI-DPSHKQ---STPVDRDGGTNPTWNETLRFPLDERLLQQGRLAL 69
>gnl|CDD|176046 cd08401, C2A_RasA2_RasA3, C2 domain first repeat present in RasA2
and RasA3. RasA2 and RasA3 are GAP1s (GTPase
activating protein 1s ), Ras-specific GAP members,
which suppresses Ras function by enhancing the GTPase
activity of Ras proteins resulting in the inactive
GDP-bound form of Ras. In this way it can control
cellular proliferation and differentiation. RasA2 and
RasA3 are both inositol
1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate-binding proteins and contain
an N-terminal C2 domain, a Ras-GAP domain, a
pleckstrin-homology (PH) domain which localizes it to
the plasma membrane, and Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase (BTK)
a zinc binding domain. C2 domains fold into an
8-standed beta-sandwich that can adopt 2 structural
arrangements: Type I and Type II, distinguished by a
circular permutation involving their N- and C-terminal
beta strands. Many C2 domains are Ca2+-dependent
membrane-targeting modules that bind a wide variety of
substances including bind phospholipids, inositol
polyphosphates, and intracellular proteins. Most C2
domain proteins are either signal transduction enzymes
that contain a single C2 domain, such as protein kinase
C, or membrane trafficking proteins which contain at
least two C2 domains, such as synaptotagmin 1.
However, there are a few exceptions to this including
RIM isoforms and some splice variants of
piccolo/aczonin and intersectin which only have a
single C2 domain. C2 domains with a calcium binding
region have negatively charged residues, primarily
aspartates, that serve as ligands for calcium ions.
This cd contains the first C2 repeat, C2A, and has a
type-I topology.
Length = 121
Score = 28.6 bits (64), Expect = 0.27
Identities = 8/22 (36%), Positives = 14/22 (63%)
Query: 25 KTHVKKRTLNPVYNESFVFEVP 46
+T +++L P + E F FE+P
Sbjct: 37 RTKTVEKSLCPFFGEDFYFEIP 58
>gnl|CDD|176023 cd08377, C2C_MCTP_PRT, C2 domain third repeat found in Multiple
C2 domain and Transmembrane region Proteins (MCTP).
MCTPs are involved in Ca2+ signaling at the membrane.
The cds in this family contain multiple C2 domains as
well as a C-terminal PRT domain. It is one of four
protein classes that are anchored to membranes via a
transmembrane region; the others being synaptotagmins,
extended synaptotagmins, and ferlins. MCTPs are the
only membrane-bound C2 domain proteins that contain two
functional TMRs. MCTPs are unique in that they bind
Ca2+ but not phospholipids. C2 domains fold into an
8-standed beta-sandwich that can adopt 2 structural
arrangements: Type I and Type II, distinguished by a
circular permutation involving their N- and C-terminal
beta strands. Many C2 domains are Ca2+-dependent
membrane-targeting modules that bind a wide variety of
substances including bind phospholipids, inositol
polyphosphates, and intracellular proteins. Most C2
domain proteins are either signal transduction enzymes
that contain a single C2 domain, such as protein kinase
C, or membrane trafficking proteins which contain at
least two C2 domains, such as synaptotagmin 1.
However, there are a few exceptions to this including
RIM isoforms and some splice variants of
piccolo/aczonin and intersectin which only have a
single C2 domain. C2 domains with a calcium binding
region have negatively charged residues, primarily
aspartates, that serve as ligands for calcium ions.
This cd contains the third C2 repeat, C2C, and has a
type-II topology.
Length = 119
Score = 28.0 bits (63), Expect = 0.33
Identities = 18/48 (37%), Positives = 28/48 (58%), Gaps = 3/48 (6%)
Query: 22 AKKKTHVKKRTLNPVYNESFVFEVPADNLDSVSLELLLLDWDRVTKNE 69
A+ +TH +TLNP +N+ F F P ++ V LE+ + D D+ K E
Sbjct: 33 ARLQTHTIYKTLNPEWNKIFTF--PIKDIHDV-LEVTVYDEDKDKKPE 77
>gnl|CDD|175988 cd04021, C2_E3_ubiquitin_ligase, C2 domain present in E3
ubiquitin ligase. E3 ubiquitin ligase is part of the
ubiquitylation mechanism responsible for controlling
surface expression of membrane proteins. The
sequential action of several enzymes are involved:
ubiquitin-activating enzyme E1, ubiquitin-conjugating
enzyme E2, and ubiquitin-protein ligase E3 which is
responsible for substrate recognition and promoting the
transfer of ubiquitin to the target protein. E3
ubiquitin ligase is composed of an N-terminal C2
domain, 4 WW domains, and a HECTc domain. C2 domains
fold into an 8-standed beta-sandwich that can adopt 2
structural arrangements: Type I and Type II,
distinguished by a circular permutation involving their
N- and C-terminal beta strands. Many C2 domains are
Ca2+-dependent membrane-targeting modules that bind a
wide variety of substances including bind
phospholipids, inositol polyphosphates, and
intracellular proteins. Most C2 domain proteins are
either signal transduction enzymes that contain a
single C2 domain, such as protein kinase C, or membrane
trafficking proteins which contain at least two C2
domains, such as synaptotagmin 1. However, there are a
few exceptions to this including RIM isoforms and some
splice variants of piccolo/aczonin and intersectin
which only have a single C2 domain. C2 domains with a
calcium binding region have negatively charged
residues, primarily aspartates, that serve as ligands
for calcium ions.
Length = 125
Score = 28.0 bits (63), Expect = 0.39
Identities = 18/35 (51%), Positives = 21/35 (60%), Gaps = 4/35 (11%)
Query: 7 DPYVKVYLLYKGQRVAKKKTHVKKRTLNPVYNESF 41
DPYV+V GQ KKT V K+T NP +NE F
Sbjct: 23 DPYVEV--TVDGQ--PPKKTEVSKKTSNPKWNEHF 53
>gnl|CDD|176006 cd04041, C2A_fungal, C2 domain first repeat; fungal group. C2
domains were first identified in Protein Kinase C
(PKC). C2 domains fold into an 8-standed beta-sandwich
that can adopt 2 structural arrangements: Type I and
Type II, distinguished by a circular permutation
involving their N- and C-terminal beta strands. Many C2
domains are Ca2+-dependent membrane-targeting modules
that bind a wide variety of substances including bind
phospholipids, inositol polyphosphates, and
intracellular proteins. Most C2 domain proteins are
either signal transduction enzymes that contain a
single C2 domain, such as protein kinase C, or membrane
trafficking proteins which contain at least two C2
domains, such as synaptotagmin 1. However, there are a
few exceptions to this including RIM isoforms and some
splice variants of piccolo/aczonin and intersectin
which only have a single C2 domain. C2 domains with a
calcium binding region have negatively charged
residues, primarily aspartates, that serve as ligands
for calcium ions.
Length = 111
Score = 27.6 bits (62), Expect = 0.41
Identities = 21/67 (31%), Positives = 27/67 (40%), Gaps = 15/67 (22%)
Query: 7 DPYVKV------YLLYKGQRVAKKKTHVKKRTLNPVYNES-FVFEVPADNLDSVSLELLL 59
DPYV LY T + ++ LNPV+ E+ FV P + L L
Sbjct: 24 DPYVTASFAKFGKPLYS--------TRIIRKDLNPVWEETWFVLVTPDEVKAGERLSCRL 75
Query: 60 LDWDRVT 66
D DR T
Sbjct: 76 WDSDRFT 82
>gnl|CDD|176028 cd08382, C2_Smurf-like, C2 domain present in Smad
ubiquitination-related factor (Smurf)-like proteins. A
single C2 domain is found in Smurf proteins,
C2-WW-HECT-domain E3s, which play an important role in
the downregulation of the TGF-beta signaling pathway.
Smurf proteins also regulate cell shape, motility, and
polarity by degrading small guanosine triphosphatases
(GTPases). C2 domains fold into an 8-standed
beta-sandwich that can adopt 2 structural arrangements:
Type I and Type II, distinguished by a circular
permutation involving their N- and C-terminal beta
strands. Many C2 domains are Ca2+-dependent
membrane-targeting modules that bind a wide variety of
substances including bind phospholipids, inositol
polyphosphates, and intracellular proteins. Most C2
domain proteins are either signal transduction enzymes
that contain a single C2 domain, such as protein kinase
C, or membrane trafficking proteins which contain at
least two C2 domains, such as synaptotagmin 1.
However, there are a few exceptions to this including
RIM isoforms and some splice variants of
piccolo/aczonin and intersectin which only have a
single C2 domain. C2 domains with a calcium binding
region have negatively charged residues, primarily
aspartates, that serve as ligands for calcium ions.
Members here have type-II topology.
Length = 123
Score = 27.7 bits (62), Expect = 0.51
Identities = 9/18 (50%), Positives = 12/18 (66%)
Query: 24 KKTHVKKRTLNPVYNESF 41
T V K+TL+P +NE F
Sbjct: 35 HSTDVAKKTLDPKWNEHF 52
>gnl|CDD|175986 cd04019, C2C_MCTP_PRT_plant, C2 domain third repeat found in
Multiple C2 domain and Transmembrane region Proteins
(MCTP); plant subset. MCTPs are involved in Ca2+
signaling at the membrane. Plant-MCTPs are composed of
a variable N-terminal sequence, four C2 domains, two
transmembrane regions (TMRs), and a short C-terminal
sequence. It is one of four protein classes that are
anchored to membranes via a transmembrane region; the
others being synaptotagmins, extended synaptotagmins,
and ferlins. MCTPs are the only membrane-bound C2
domain proteins that contain two functional TMRs. MCTPs
are unique in that they bind Ca2+ but not
phospholipids. C2 domains fold into an 8-standed
beta-sandwich that can adopt 2 structural arrangements:
Type I and Type II, distinguished by a circular
permutation involving their N- and C-terminal beta
strands. Many C2 domains are Ca2+-dependent
membrane-targeting modules that bind a wide variety of
substances including bind phospholipids, inositol
polyphosphates, and intracellular proteins. Most C2
domain proteins are either signal transduction enzymes
that contain a single C2 domain, such as protein kinase
C, or membrane trafficking proteins which contain at
least two C2 domains, such as synaptotagmin 1.
However, there are a few exceptions to this including
RIM isoforms and some splice variants of
piccolo/aczonin and intersectin which only have a
single C2 domain. C2 domains with a calcium binding
region have negatively charged residues, primarily
aspartates, that serve as ligands for calcium ions.
This cd contains the third C2 repeat, C2C, and has a
type-II topology.
Length = 150
Score = 27.6 bits (62), Expect = 0.56
Identities = 20/66 (30%), Positives = 32/66 (48%), Gaps = 14/66 (21%)
Query: 7 DPYVKVYLLYKGQRVAKKKTHVKKRTLNPVYNESFVF---EVPADNLDSVSLELLLLDWD 63
+ +VK L G +V + + + R NP +NE +F E D+L +S+E D
Sbjct: 22 EVFVKAQL---GNQVLRTRP-SQTRNGNPSWNEELMFVAAEPFEDHL-ILSVE------D 70
Query: 64 RVTKNE 69
RV N+
Sbjct: 71 RVGPNK 76
>gnl|CDD|176041 cd08395, C2C_Munc13, C2 domain third repeat in Munc13 (mammalian
uncoordinated) proteins. C2-like domains are thought
to be involved in phospholipid binding in a Ca2+
independent manner in both Unc13 and Munc13.
Caenorabditis elegans Unc13 has a central domain with
sequence similarity to PKC, which includes C1 and
C2-related domains. Unc13 binds phorbol esters and DAG
with high affinity in a phospholipid manner. Mutations
in Unc13 results in abnormal neuronal connections and
impairment in cholinergic neurotransmission in the
nematode. Munc13 is the mammalian homolog which are
expressed in the brain. There are 3 isoforms
(Munc13-1, -2, -3) and are thought to play a role in
neurotransmitter release and are hypothesized to be
high-affinity receptors for phorbol esters. Unc13 and
Munc13 contain both C1 and C2 domains. There are two
C2 related domains present, one central and one at the
carboxyl end. Munc13-1 contains a third C2-like
domain. Munc13 interacts with syntaxin, synaptobrevin,
and synaptotagmin suggesting a role for these as
scaffolding proteins.C2 domains fold into an 8-standed
beta-sandwich that can adopt 2 structural arrangements:
Type I and Type II, distinguished by a circular
permutation involving their N- and C-terminal beta
strands. Many C2 domains are Ca2+-dependent
membrane-targeting modules that bind a wide variety of
substances including bind phospholipids, inositol
polyphosphates, and intracellular proteins. Most C2
domain proteins are either signal transduction enzymes
that contain a single C2 domain, such as protein kinase
C, or membrane trafficking proteins which contain at
least two C2 domains, such as synaptotagmin 1.
However, there are a few exceptions to this including
RIM isoforms and some splice variants of
piccolo/aczonin and intersectin which only have a
single C2 domain. C2 domains with a calcium binding
region have negatively charged residues, primarily
aspartates, that serve as ligands for calcium ions.
This cd contains the third C2 repeat, C2C, and has a
type-II topology.
Length = 120
Score = 27.4 bits (61), Expect = 0.57
Identities = 15/40 (37%), Positives = 22/40 (55%), Gaps = 6/40 (15%)
Query: 8 PYVKVYLLYKGQRVAKKK----THVKKRTLNPVYNESFVF 43
P+V+V L+ G ++ KK T K +P YNE+F F
Sbjct: 22 PFVEVNLI--GPHLSDKKRKFATKSKNNNWSPKYNETFQF 59
>gnl|CDD|214833 smart00822, PKS_KR, This enzymatic domain is part of bacterial
polyketide synthases. It catalyses the first step in
the reductive modification of the beta-carbonyl centres
in the growing polyketide chain. It uses NADPH to reduce
the keto group to a hydroxy group.
Length = 180
Score = 26.7 bits (60), Expect = 1.3
Identities = 6/22 (27%), Positives = 10/22 (45%), Gaps = 1/22 (4%)
Query: 63 DRVTKNEKI-FFFFFSSSSSFF 83
+T + + FF FSS +
Sbjct: 120 HELTADLPLDFFVLFSSIAGVL 141
>gnl|CDD|132882 cd07025, Peptidase_S66, LD-Carboxypeptidase, a serine protease,
includes microcin C7 self immunity protein.
LD-carboxypeptidase (Muramoyltetrapeptide
carboxypeptidase; EC 3.4.17.13; Merops family S66;
initially described as Carboxypeptidase II) family also
includes the microcin c7 self-immunity protein (MccF)
as well as uncharacterized proteins including
hypothetical proteins. LD-carboxypeptidase hydrolyzes
the amide bond that links the dibasic amino acids to
C-terminal D-amino acids. The physiological substrates
of LD-carboxypeptidase are tetrapeptide fragments (such
as UDP-MurNAc-tetrapeptides) that are produced when
bacterial cell walls are degraded; they contain an
L-configured residue (L-lysine or meso-diaminopimelic
acid residue) as the penultimate residue and D-alanine
as the ultimate residue. A possible role of
LD-carboxypeptidase is in peptidoglycan recycling
whereby the resulting tripeptide (precursor for murein
synthesis) can be reconverted into peptidoglycan by
attachment of preformed D-Ala-D-Ala dipeptides. Some
enzymes possessing LD-carboxypeptidase activity also
act as LD-transpeptidase by replacing the terminal
D-Ala with another D-amino acid. MccF contributes to
self-immunity towards microcin C7 (MccC7), a
ribosomally encoded peptide antibiotic that contains a
phosphoramidate linkage to adenosine monophosphate at
its C-terminus. Its possible biological role is to
defend producer cells against exogenous microcin from
re-entering after having been exported. It is
suggested that MccF is involved in microcin degradation
or sequestration in the periplasm.
Length = 282
Score = 26.8 bits (60), Expect = 1.5
Identities = 9/21 (42%), Positives = 12/21 (57%), Gaps = 1/21 (4%)
Query: 54 SLELL-LLDWDRVTKNEKIFF 73
+ LL LD+D + N KIF
Sbjct: 75 ANRLLPYLDYDLIRANPKIFV 95
>gnl|CDD|215629 PLN03200, PLN03200, cellulose synthase-interactive protein;
Provisional.
Length = 2102
Score = 26.6 bits (59), Expect = 1.5
Identities = 7/25 (28%), Positives = 13/25 (52%), Gaps = 2/25 (8%)
Query: 24 KKTHVKKRTLNPVYNESFV--FEVP 46
++T V + +P + E F F+ P
Sbjct: 2013 RQTKVVSHSSSPEWKEGFTWAFDSP 2037
>gnl|CDD|237164 PRK12664, PRK12664, putative monovalent cation/H+ antiporter
subunit D; Reviewed.
Length = 527
Score = 26.6 bits (59), Expect = 1.5
Identities = 13/37 (35%), Positives = 17/37 (45%), Gaps = 1/37 (2%)
Query: 52 SVSLELLLLDWDRVTKN-EKIFFFFFSSSSSFFFLII 87
+ L LLL DW N + + F S S + FL I
Sbjct: 19 FIVLPLLLYDWSEPVYNLDLVLFIVLSFSLALIFLYI 55
>gnl|CDD|132883 cd07062, Peptidase_S66_mccF_like, Microcin C7 self-immunity
protein determines resistance to exogenous microcin C7.
Microcin C7 self-immunity protein (mccF): MccF, a
homolog of the LD-carboxypeptidase family, mediates
resistance against exogenously added microcin C7
(MccC7), a ribosomally-encoded peptide antibiotic that
contains a phosphoramidate linkage to adenosine
monophosphate at its C-terminus. The plasmid-encoded
mccF gene is transcribed in the opposite direction to
the other five genes (mccA-E) and is required for the
full expression of immunity but not for production. The
catalytic triad residues (Ser, His, Glu) of
LD-carboxypeptidase are also conserved in MccF,
strongly suggesting that MccF shares the hydrolytic
activity with LD-carboxypeptidases. Substrates of MccF
have not been deduced, but could likely be microcin C7
precursors. The possible role of MccF is to defend
producer cells against exogenous microcin from
re-entering after having been exported. It is
suggested that MccF is involved in microcin degradation
or sequestration in the periplasm.
Length = 308
Score = 26.4 bits (59), Expect = 1.7
Identities = 11/21 (52%), Positives = 14/21 (66%), Gaps = 1/21 (4%)
Query: 54 SLELL-LLDWDRVTKNEKIFF 73
S ELL LD++ + KN KIF
Sbjct: 79 SNELLPYLDYELIKKNPKIFI 99
>gnl|CDD|237915 PRK15123, PRK15123, lipopolysaccharide core heptose(I) kinase RfaP;
Provisional.
Length = 268
Score = 26.5 bits (59), Expect = 1.7
Identities = 11/32 (34%), Positives = 15/32 (46%), Gaps = 2/32 (6%)
Query: 31 RTLNPVYNESFVFEVPADNLDSVSLELLLLDW 62
R NP SF+ + D ++SLE DW
Sbjct: 101 RGSNPATRTSFI--ITEDLAPTISLEDYCADW 130
>gnl|CDD|176013 cd04048, C2A_Copine, C2 domain first repeat in Copine. There are
2 copies of the C2 domain present in copine, a protein
involved in membrane trafficking, protein-protein
interactions, and perhaps even cell division and
growth. C2 domains fold into an 8-standed
beta-sandwich that can adopt 2 structural arrangements:
Type I and Type II, distinguished by a circular
permutation involving their N- and C-terminal beta
strands. Many C2 domains are Ca2+-dependent
membrane-targeting modules that bind a wide variety of
substances including bind phospholipids, inositol
polyphosphates, and intracellular proteins. Most C2
domain proteins are either signal transduction enzymes
that contain a single C2 domain, such as protein kinase
C, or membrane trafficking proteins which contain at
least two C2 domains, such as synaptotagmin 1.
However, there are a few exceptions to this including
RIM isoforms and some splice variants of
piccolo/aczonin and intersectin which only have a
single C2 domain. C2 domains with a calcium binding
region have negatively charged residues, primarily
aspartates, that serve as ligands for calcium ions.
This cd contains the first C2 repeat, C2A, and has a
type-I topology.
Length = 120
Score = 26.0 bits (58), Expect = 2.0
Identities = 13/40 (32%), Positives = 20/40 (50%), Gaps = 2/40 (5%)
Query: 7 DPYVKVYLLYKGQRVAKK--KTHVKKRTLNPVYNESFVFE 44
DP+V VY+ G + +T V K LNP + +F +
Sbjct: 22 DPFVVVYVKTGGSGQWVEIGRTEVIKNNLNPDFVTTFTVD 61
>gnl|CDD|216847 pfam02016, Peptidase_S66, LD-carboxypeptidase.
Muramoyl-tetrapeptide carboxypeptidase hydrolyses a
peptide bond between a di-basic amino acid and the
C-terminal D-alanine in the tetrapeptide moiety in
peptidoglycan. This cleaves the bond between an L- and
a D-amino acid. The function of this activity is in
murein recycling. This family also includes the
microcin c7 self-immunity protein. This family
corresponds to Merops family S66.
Length = 281
Score = 26.0 bits (58), Expect = 2.4
Identities = 9/21 (42%), Positives = 12/21 (57%), Gaps = 1/21 (4%)
Query: 54 SLELL-LLDWDRVTKNEKIFF 73
+ LL LD+D + N KIF
Sbjct: 74 ANRLLPYLDYDLIRANPKIFV 94
>gnl|CDD|236549 PRK09528, lacY, galactoside permease; Reviewed.
Length = 420
Score = 26.0 bits (58), Expect = 2.5
Identities = 10/17 (58%), Positives = 10/17 (58%)
Query: 71 IFFFFFSSSSSFFFLII 87
FFFFF SS F F I
Sbjct: 19 FFFFFFIWSSWFSFFPI 35
>gnl|CDD|176064 cd08682, C2_Rab11-FIP_classI, C2 domain found in Rab11-family
interacting proteins (FIP) class I. Rab GTPases
recruit various effector proteins to organelles and
vesicles. Rab11-family interacting proteins (FIPs) are
involved in mediating the role of Rab11. FIPs can be
divided into three classes: class I FIPs (Rip11a,
Rip11b, RCP, and FIP2) which contain a C2 domain after
N-terminus of the protein, class II FIPs (FIP3 and
FIP4) which contain two EF-hands and a proline rich
region, and class III FIPs (FIP1) which exhibits no
homology to known protein domains. All FIP proteins
contain a highly conserved, 20-amino acid motif at the
C-terminus of the protein, known as Rab11/25 binding
domain (RBD). Class I FIPs are thought to bind to
endocytic membranes via their C2 domain, which
interacts directly with phospholipids. Class II FIPs do
not have any membrane binding domains leaving much to
speculate about the mechanism involving FIP3 and FIP4
interactions with endocytic membranes. The members in
this CD are class I FIPs. The exact function of the
Rab11 and FIP interaction is unknown, but there is
speculation that it involves the role of forming a
targeting complex that recruits a group of proteins
involved in membrane transport to organelles. The C2
domain was first identified in PKC. C2 domains fold
into an 8-standed beta-sandwich that can adopt 2
structural arrangements: Type I and Type II,
distinguished by a circular permutation involving their
N- and C-terminal beta strands. Many C2 domains are
Ca2+-dependent membrane-targeting modules that bind a
wide variety of substances including bind
phospholipids, inositol polyphosphates, and
intracellular proteins. Most C2 domain proteins are
either signal transduction enzymes that contain a
single C2 domain, such as protein kinase C, or membrane
trafficking proteins which contain at least two C2
domains, such as synaptotagmin 1. However, there are a
few exceptions to this including RIM isoforms and some
splice variants of piccolo/aczonin and intersectin
which only have a single C2 domain. C2 domains with a
calcium binding region have negatively charged
residues, primarily aspartates, that serve as ligands
for calcium ions.
Length = 126
Score = 25.9 bits (57), Expect = 2.6
Identities = 11/24 (45%), Positives = 16/24 (66%)
Query: 23 KKKTHVKKRTLNPVYNESFVFEVP 46
K T VK++T +PV+ E FE+P
Sbjct: 32 KYSTSVKEKTTSPVWKEECSFELP 55
>gnl|CDD|176021 cd08375, C2_Intersectin, C2 domain present in Intersectin. A
single instance of the C2 domain is located C
terminally in the intersectin protein. Intersectin
functions as a scaffolding protein, providing a link
between the actin cytoskeleton and the components of
endocytosis and plays a role in signal transduction.
In addition to C2, intersectin contains several
additional domains including: Eps15 homology domains,
SH3 domains, a RhoGEF domain, and a PH domain. C2
domains fold into an 8-standed beta-sandwich that can
adopt 2 structural arrangements: Type I and Type II,
distinguished by a circular permutation involving their
N- and C-terminal beta strands. Many C2 domains are
Ca2+-dependent membrane-targeting modules that bind a
wide variety of substances including bind
phospholipids, inositol polyphosphates, and
intracellular proteins. Most C2 domain proteins are
either signal transduction enzymes that contain a
single C2 domain, such as protein kinase C, or membrane
trafficking proteins which contain at least two C2
domains, such as synaptotagmin 1. However, there are a
few exceptions to this including RIM isoforms and some
splice variants of piccolo/aczonin and intersectin
which only have a single C2 domain. C2 domains with a
calcium binding region have negatively charged
residues, primarily aspartates, that serve as ligands
for calcium ions. The members here have topology I.
Length = 136
Score = 24.7 bits (54), Expect = 6.6
Identities = 15/39 (38%), Positives = 19/39 (48%), Gaps = 5/39 (12%)
Query: 7 DPYVKVYLLYKGQRVAKKKTHVKKRTLNPVYNESFVFEV 45
DPY +V + + KT V TLNP +N S F V
Sbjct: 37 DPYCEVSM-----GSQEHKTKVVSDTLNPKWNSSMQFFV 70
>gnl|CDD|176063 cd08681, C2_fungal_Inn1p-like, C2 domain found in fungal
Ingression 1 (Inn1) proteins. Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Inn1 associates with the contractile actomyosin ring at
the end of mitosis and is needed for cytokinesis. The
C2 domain of Inn1, located at the N-terminus, is
required for ingression of the plasma membrane. The
C-terminus is relatively unstructured and contains
eight PXXP motifs that are thought to mediate
interaction of Inn1 with other proteins with SH3
domains in the cytokinesis proteins Hof1 (an F-BAR
protein) and Cyk3 (whose overexpression can restore
primary septum formation in Inn1Delta cells) as well as
recruiting Inn1 to the bud-neck by binding to Cyk3.
Inn1 and Cyk3 appear to cooperate in activating chitin
synthase Chs2 for primary septum formation, which
allows coordination of actomyosin ring contraction with
ingression of the cleavage furrow. It is thought that
the C2 domain of Inn1 helps to preserve the link
between the actomyosin ring and the plasma membrane,
contributing both to membrane ingression, as well as to
stability of the contracting ring. Additionally, Inn1
might induce curvature of the plasma membrane adjacent
to the contracting ring, thereby promoting ingression
of the membrane. It has been shown that the C2 domain
of human synaptotagmin induces curvature in target
membranes and thereby contributes to fusion of these
membranes with synaptic vesicles. The C2 domain was
first identified in PKC. C2 domains fold into an
8-standed beta-sandwich that can adopt 2 structural
arrangements: Type I and Type II, distinguished by a
circular permutation involving their N- and C-terminal
beta strands. Many C2 domains are Ca2+-dependent
membrane-targeting modules that bind a wide variety of
substances including bind phospholipids, inositol
polyphosphates, and intracellular proteins. Most C2
domain proteins are either signal transduction enzymes
that contain a single C2 domain, such as protein kinase
C, or membrane trafficking proteins which contain at
least two C2 domains, such as synaptotagmin1. However,
there are a few exceptions to this including RIM
isoforms and some splice variants of piccolo/aczonin
and intersectin which only have a single C2 domain. C2
domains with a calcium binding region have negatively
charged residues, primarily aspartates, that serve as
ligands for calcium ions.
Length = 118
Score = 24.1 bits (53), Expect = 8.1
Identities = 13/45 (28%), Positives = 19/45 (42%), Gaps = 10/45 (22%)
Query: 7 DPYVKVYLLYKGQRVA--KKKTHVKKRT-LNPVYNESFVFEVPAD 48
DPY + R+ KKT R +P ++E FE+ D
Sbjct: 23 DPYCVL-------RIGGVTKKTKTDFRGGQHPEWDEELRFEITED 60
Database: CDD.v3.10
Posted date: Mar 20, 2013 7:55 AM
Number of letters in database: 10,937,602
Number of sequences in database: 44,354
Lambda K H
0.324 0.140 0.406
Gapped
Lambda K H
0.267 0.0845 0.140
Matrix: BLOSUM62
Gap Penalties: Existence: 11, Extension: 1
Number of Sequences: 44354
Number of Hits to DB: 4,447,990
Number of extensions: 361803
Number of successful extensions: 793
Number of sequences better than 10.0: 1
Number of HSP's gapped: 751
Number of HSP's successfully gapped: 114
Length of query: 87
Length of database: 10,937,602
Length adjustment: 55
Effective length of query: 32
Effective length of database: 8,498,132
Effective search space: 271940224
Effective search space used: 271940224
Neighboring words threshold: 11
Window for multiple hits: 40
X1: 15 ( 7.0 bits)
X2: 38 (14.6 bits)
X3: 64 (24.7 bits)
S1: 40 (21.6 bits)
S2: 53 (24.0 bits)