RPS-BLAST 2.2.26 [Sep-21-2011]
Database: CDD.v3.10
44,354 sequences; 10,937,602 total letters
Searching..................................................done
Query= psy13388
(196 letters)
>gnl|CDD|198184 cd09930, SH2_cSH2_p85_like, C-terminal Src homology 2 (cSH2) domain
found in p85. Phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) are
essential for cell growth, migration, and survival.
p110, the catalytic subunit, is composed of an
adaptor-binding domain, a Ras-binding domain, a C2
domain, a helical domain, and a kinase domain. The
regulatory unit is called p85 and is composed of an SH3
domain, a RhoGap domain, a N-terminal SH2 (nSH2) domain,
a inter SH2 (iSH2) domain, and C-terminal (cSH2) domain.
There are 2 inhibitory interactions between p110alpha
and p85 of P13K: 1) p85 nSH2 domain with the C2,
helical, and kinase domains of p110alpha and 2) p85 iSH2
domain with C2 domain of p110alpha. There are 3
inhibitory interactions between p110beta and p85 of
P13K: 1) p85 nSH2 domain with the C2, helical, and
kinase domains of p110beta, 2) p85 iSH2 domain with C2
domain of p110alpha, and 3) p85 cSH2 domain with the
kinase domain of p110alpha. It is interesting to note
that p110beta is oncogenic as a wild type protein while
p110alpha lacks this ability. One explanation is the
idea that the regulation of p110beta by p85 is unique
because of the addition of inhibitory contacts from the
cSH2 domain and the loss of contacts in the iSH2 domain.
In general SH2 domains are involved in signal
transduction. They typically bind pTyr-containing
ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic
binding pocket, allowing proteins with SH2 domains to
localize to tyrosine phosphorylated sites.
Length = 104
Score = 158 bits (401), Expect = 1e-50
Identities = 63/94 (67%), Positives = 77/94 (81%), Gaps = 2/94 (2%)
Query: 102 PHHDEKTWLV-RMSRAQAEALLSGRPDGTFLIRPSTT-GQYALSIVCSGAPKHCLVYETE 159
PHHDE+TWLV ++R QAE LL G+PDGTFLIR S+T G YA S+VC+G KHC++Y+TE
Sbjct: 1 PHHDERTWLVGDINRTQAEELLRGKPDGTFLIRESSTQGCYACSVVCNGEVKHCVIYKTE 60
Query: 160 RGFGFAEPFNIYPSLGALVLHYAANSLEEHNDDL 193
G+GFAEP+N+Y SL LVLHYA NSLE+HND L
Sbjct: 61 TGYGFAEPYNLYESLKELVLHYAHNSLEQHNDSL 94
>gnl|CDD|214585 smart00252, SH2, Src homology 2 domains. Src homology 2 domains
bind phosphotyrosine-containing polypeptides via 2
surface pockets. Specificity is provided via interaction
with residues that are distinct from the
phosphotyrosine. Only a single occurrence of a SH2
domain has been found in S. cerevisiae.
Length = 84
Score = 78.4 bits (194), Expect = 2e-19
Identities = 32/77 (41%), Positives = 40/77 (51%), Gaps = 2/77 (2%)
Query: 112 RMSRAQAEALLSGRPDGTFLIRPSTT--GQYALSIVCSGAPKHCLVYETERGFGFAEPFN 169
+SR +AE LL DG FL+R S + G Y LS+ G KH + E G + E
Sbjct: 7 FISREEAEKLLKNEGDGDFLVRDSESSPGDYVLSVRVKGKVKHYRIRRNEDGKFYLEGGR 66
Query: 170 IYPSLGALVLHYAANSL 186
+PSL LV HY NSL
Sbjct: 67 KFPSLVELVEHYQKNSL 83
>gnl|CDD|198173 cd00173, SH2, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain. In general, SH2 domains
are involved in signal transduction; they bind
pTyr-containing polypeptide ligands via two surface
pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic binding pocket, allowing
proteins with SH2 domains to localize to tyrosine
phosphorylated sites. They are present in a wide array
of proteins including: adaptor proteins (Nck1, Crk,
Grb2), scaffolds (Slp76, Shc, Dapp1), kinases (Src, Syk,
Fps, Tec), phosphatases (Shp-1, Shp-2), transcription
factors (STAT1), Ras signaling molecules (Ras-Gap),
ubiquitination factors (c-Cbl), cytoskeleton regulators
(Tensin), signal regulators (SAP), and phospholipid
second messengers (PLCgamma), amongst others.
Length = 79
Score = 76.0 bits (187), Expect = 1e-18
Identities = 32/74 (43%), Positives = 42/74 (56%), Gaps = 4/74 (5%)
Query: 112 RMSRAQAEALLSGRPDGTFLIRPSTT--GQYALSIVC-SGAPKHCLVYETERGFGFA-EP 167
+SR +AE LL G+PDGTFL+R S++ G Y LS+ G KH L+ E G+
Sbjct: 6 SISREEAERLLRGKPDGTFLVRESSSEPGDYVLSVRSGDGKVKHYLIERNEGGYYLLGGS 65
Query: 168 FNIYPSLGALVLHY 181
+PSL LV HY
Sbjct: 66 GRTFPSLPELVEHY 79
>gnl|CDD|215658 pfam00017, SH2, SH2 domain.
Length = 77
Score = 71.5 bits (176), Expect = 7e-17
Identities = 28/74 (37%), Positives = 39/74 (52%), Gaps = 7/74 (9%)
Query: 113 MSRAQAEALL-SGRPDGTFLIRPSTT--GQYALSIVCSGAPKHCLVYETERG--FGFAEP 167
+SR +AE LL + +PDGTFL+R S + G Y LS+ G KH + + G +
Sbjct: 6 ISREEAERLLLNPKPDGTFLVRESESKPGDYTLSVRDDGRVKHYRIQSLDNGGYYISGGV 65
Query: 168 FNIYPSLGALVLHY 181
+ SL LV HY
Sbjct: 66 T--FNSLPELVEHY 77
>gnl|CDD|198193 cd09940, SH2_Vav_family, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in the
Vav family. Vav proteins are involved in several
processes that require cytoskeletal reorganization, such
as the formation of the immunological synapse (IS),
phagocytosis, platelet aggregation, spreading, and
transformation. Vavs function as guanine nucleotide
exchange factors (GEFs) for the Rho/Rac family of
GTPases. Vav family members have several conserved
motifs/domains including: a leucine-rich region, a
leucine-zipper, a calponin homology (CH) domain, an
acidic domain, a Dbl-homology (DH) domain, a pleckstrin
homology (PH) domain, a cysteine-rich domain, 2 SH3
domains, a proline-rich region, and a SH2 domain. Vavs
are the only known Rho GEFs that have both the DH/PH
motifs and SH2/SH3 domains in the same protein. The
leucine-rich helix-loop-helix (HLH) domain is thought to
be involved in protein heterodimerization with other HLH
proteins and it may function as a negative regulator by
forming inactive heterodimers. The CH domain is usually
involved in the association with filamentous actin, but
in Vav it controls NFAT stimulation, Ca2+ mobilization,
and its transforming activity. Acidic domains are
involved in protein-protein interactions and contain
regulatory tyrosines. The DH domain is a GDP-GTP
exchange factor on Rho/Rac GTPases. The PH domain in
involved in interactions with GTP-binding proteins,
lipids and/or phosphorylated serine/threonine residues.
The SH3 domain is involved in localization of proteins
to specific sites within the cell interacting with
protein with proline-rich sequences. The SH2 domain
mediates a high affinity interaction with tyrosine
phosphorylated proteins. There are three Vav mammalian
family members: Vav1 which is expressed in the
hematopoietic system, Vav2 and Vav3 are more
ubiquitously expressed. The members here include insect
and amphibian Vavs. In general SH2 domains are involved
in signal transduction. They typically bind
pTyr-containing ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr
and hydrophobic binding pocket, allowing proteins with
SH2 domains to localize to tyrosine phosphorylated
sites.
Length = 102
Score = 68.9 bits (169), Expect = 1e-15
Identities = 35/86 (40%), Positives = 43/86 (50%), Gaps = 3/86 (3%)
Query: 106 EKTWLV-RMSRAQAEALLSGRPDGTFLIRPSTTG--QYALSIVCSGAPKHCLVYETERGF 162
E W V M R AE L RPDGT+L+R G QYALSI +G KH + + G
Sbjct: 4 EFLWFVGEMERDTAENRLENRPDGTYLVRVRPQGETQYALSIKYNGDVKHMKIEQRSDGL 63
Query: 163 GFAEPFNIYPSLGALVLHYAANSLEE 188
+ + SL LV +Y NSL E
Sbjct: 64 YYLSESRHFKSLVELVNYYERNSLGE 89
>gnl|CDD|198195 cd09942, SH2_nSH2_p85_like, N-terminal Src homology 2 (nSH2) domain
found in p85. Phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) are
essential for cell growth, migration, and survival.
p110, the catalytic subunit, is composed of an
adaptor-binding domain, a Ras-binding domain, a C2
domain, a helical domain, and a kinase domain. The
regulatory unit is called p85 and is composed of an SH3
domain, a RhoGap domain, a N-terminal SH2 (nSH2) domain,
an internal SH2 (iSH2) domain, and C-terminal (cSH2)
domain. There are 2 inhibitory interactions between
p110alpha and p85 of P13K: (1) p85 nSH2 domain with the
C2, helical, and kinase domains of p110alpha and (2) p85
iSH2 domain with C2 domain of p110alpha. There are 3
inhibitory interactions between p110beta and p85 of
P13K: (1) p85 nSH2 domain with the C2, helical, and
kinase domains of p110beta, (2) p85 iSH2 domain with C2
domain of p110alpha, and (3) p85 cSH2 domain with the
kinase domain of p110alpha. It is interesting to note
that p110beta is oncogenic as a wild type protein while
p110alpha lacks this ability. One explanation is the
idea that the regulation of p110beta by p85 is unique
because of the addition of inhibitory contacts from the
cSH2 domain and the loss of contacts in the iSH2 domain.
In general SH2 domains are involved in signal
transduction. They typically bind pTyr-containing
ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic
binding pocket, allowing proteins with SH2 domains to
localize to tyrosine phosphorylated sites.
Length = 110
Score = 57.7 bits (140), Expect = 2e-11
Identities = 27/84 (32%), Positives = 46/84 (54%), Gaps = 3/84 (3%)
Query: 112 RMSRAQAEALLSGRPDGTFLIRPSTT--GQYALSIVCSGAPKHCLVYETERGFGFAEPFN 169
+SR + + PDGTFL+R ++T G Y L++ G K ++ + +GF++P
Sbjct: 13 DISREEVNEKMRDTPDGTFLVRDASTMKGDYTLTLRKGGNNKLIKIFHRDGKYGFSDPLT 72
Query: 170 IYPSLGALVLHYAANSLEEHNDDL 193
+ S+ L+ +Y NSL E+N L
Sbjct: 73 -FNSVVELINYYRNNSLAEYNRKL 95
>gnl|CDD|199829 cd10341, SH2_N-SH2_PLC_gamma_like, N-terminal Src homology 2
(N-SH2) domain in Phospholipase C gamma. Phospholipase
C gamma is a signaling molecule that is recruited to the
C-terminal tail of the receptor upon autophosphorylation
of a highly conserved tyrosine. PLCgamma is composed of
a Pleckstrin homology (PH) domain followed by an
elongation factor (EF) domain, 2 catalytic regions of
PLC domains that flank 2 tandem SH2 domains (N-SH2,
C-SH2), and ending with a SH3 domain and C2 domain.
N-SH2 SH2 domain-mediated interactions represent a
crucial step in transmembrane signaling by receptor
tyrosine kinases. SH2 domains recognize phosphotyrosine
(pY) in the context of particular sequence motifs in
receptor phosphorylation sites. Both N-SH2 and C-SH2
have a very similar binding affinity to pY. But in
growth factor stimulated cells these domains bind to
different target proteins. N-SH2 binds to pY containing
sites in the C-terminal tails of tyrosine kinases and
other receptors. Recently it has been shown that this
interaction is mediated by phosphorylation-independent
interactions between a secondary binding site found
exclusively on the N-SH2 domain and a region of the
FGFR1 tyrosine kinase domain. This secondary site on the
SH2 cooperates with the canonical pY site to regulate
selectivity in mediating a specific cellular process.
C-SH2 binds to an intramolecular site on PLCgamma itself
which allows it to hydrolyze
phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate into
diacylglycerol and inositol triphosphate. These then
activate protein kinase C and release calcium. In
general SH2 domains are involved in signal transduction.
They typically bind pTyr-containing ligands via two
surface pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic binding pocket,
allowing proteins with SH2 domains to localize to
tyrosine phosphorylated sites.
Length = 99
Score = 53.9 bits (130), Expect = 6e-10
Identities = 27/81 (33%), Positives = 39/81 (48%), Gaps = 10/81 (12%)
Query: 115 RAQAEALLS---GRPDGTFLIRPSTT--GQYALSIVCSGAPKHCLVYET----ERGFGFA 165
R +AE LL DGTFL+R S T G Y LS +G +HC + E+ +
Sbjct: 15 RDEAEKLLLEYCEGGDGTFLVRESETFVGDYTLSFWRNGKVQHCRIRSRQENGEKKYYLT 74
Query: 166 EPFNIYPSLGALVLHYAANSL 186
+ ++ SL L+ +Y N L
Sbjct: 75 DNL-VFDSLYELIDYYRQNPL 94
>gnl|CDD|198186 cd09932, SH2_C-SH2_PLC_gamma_like, C-terminal Src homology 2
(C-SH2) domain in Phospholipase C gamma. Phospholipase
C gamma is a signaling molecule that is recruited to the
C-terminal tail of the receptor upon autophosphorylation
of a highly conserved tyrosine. PLCgamma is composed of
a Pleckstrin homology (PH) domain followed by an
elongation factor (EF) domain, 2 catalytic regions of
PLC domains that flank 2 tandem SH2 domains (N-SH2,
C-SH2), and ending with a SH3 domain and C2 domain.
N-SH2 SH2 domain-mediated interactions represent a
crucial step in transmembrane signaling by receptor
tyrosine kinases. SH2 domains recognize phosphotyrosine
(pY) in the context of particular sequence motifs in
receptor phosphorylation sites. Both N-SH2 and C-SH2
have a very similar binding affinity to pY. But in
growth factor stimulated cells these domains bind to
different target proteins. N-SH2 binds to pY containing
sites in the C-terminal tails of tyrosine kinases and
other receptors. Recently it has been shown that this
interaction is mediated by phosphorylation-independent
interactions between a secondary binding site found
exclusively on the N-SH2 domain and a region of the
FGFR1 tyrosine kinase domain. This secondary site on the
SH2 cooperates with the canonical pY site to regulate
selectivity in mediating a specific cellular process.
C-SH2 binds to an intramolecular site on PLCgamma itself
which allows it to hydrolyze
phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate into
diacylglycerol and inositol triphosphate. These then
activate protein kinase C and release calcium. In
general SH2 domains are involved in signal transduction.
They typically bind pTyr-containing ligands via two
surface pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic binding pocket,
allowing proteins with SH2 domains to localize to
tyrosine phosphorylated sites.
Length = 104
Score = 53.4 bits (129), Expect = 9e-10
Identities = 31/87 (35%), Positives = 44/87 (50%), Gaps = 6/87 (6%)
Query: 104 HDEKTW-LVRMSRAQAEALLSGRP-DGTFLIRPSTTGQ--YALSIVCSGAPKHCLVYETE 159
H+ K W ++R QAE +L P DG FL+RPS T +A+S G KHC + +
Sbjct: 1 HESKEWFHANLTREQAEEMLMRVPRDGAFLVRPSETDPNSFAISFRAEGKIKHCRIKQEG 60
Query: 160 RGFGFAEPFNIYPSLGALVLHYAANSL 186
R F + + SL LV +Y + L
Sbjct: 61 RLFVIGT--SQFESLVELVSYYEKHPL 85
>gnl|CDD|198178 cd09923, SH2_SOCS_family, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in
suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) family. SH2
domain found in SOCS proteins. SOCS was first recognized
as a group of cytokine-inducible SH2 (CIS) domain
proteins comprising eight family members in human (CIS
and SOCS1-SOCS7). In addition to the SH2 domain, SOCS
proteins have a variable N-terminal domain and a
conserved SOCS box in the C-terminal domain. SOCS
proteins bind to a substrate via their SH2 domain. The
prototypical members, CIS and SOCS1-SOCS3, have been
shown to regulate growth hormone signaling in vitro and
in a classic negative feedback response compete for
binding at phosphotyrosine sites in JAK kinase and
receptor pathways to displace effector proteins and
target bound receptors for proteasomal degradation. Loss
of SOCS activity results in excessive cytokine signaling
associated with a variety of hematopoietic, autoimmune,
and inflammatory diseases and certain cancers. Members
(SOCS4-SOCS7) were identified by their conserved SOCS
box, an adapter motif of 3 helices that associates
substrate binding domains, such as the SOCS SH2 domain,
ankryin, and WD40 with ubiquitin ligase components.
These show limited cytokine induction. In general SH2
domains are involved in signal transduction. They
typically bind pTyr-containing ligands via two surface
pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic binding pocket, allowing
proteins with SH2 domains to localize to tyrosine
phosphorylated sites.
Length = 81
Score = 51.4 bits (124), Expect = 3e-09
Identities = 25/76 (32%), Positives = 43/76 (56%), Gaps = 7/76 (9%)
Query: 113 MSRAQAEALLSGRPDGTFLIRPSTTGQY--ALSIVCSGAPKHC-LVYETERGFGF-AEPF 168
++R +AE LL+G+P+GTFL+R S+ +Y ++S G H + Y R F F +
Sbjct: 7 ITRYEAEELLAGKPEGTFLVRDSSDSRYLFSVSFRTYGRTLHARIEYSNGR-FSFDSSDP 65
Query: 169 NI--YPSLGALVLHYA 182
++ +P + L+ HY
Sbjct: 66 SVPRFPCVVELIEHYV 81
>gnl|CDD|198179 cd09925, SH2_SHC, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in SH2 adaptor
protein C (SHC). SHC is involved in a wide variety of
pathways including regulating proliferation,
angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis, and bone
metabolism. An adapter protein, SHC has been implicated
in Ras activation following the stimulation of a number
of different receptors, including growth factors
[insulin, epidermal growth factor (EGF), nerve growth
factor, and platelet derived growth factor (PDGF)],
cytokines [interleukins 2, 3, and 5], erythropoietin,
and granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor,
and antigens [T-cell and B-cell receptors]. SHC has been
shown to bind to tyrosine-phosphorylated receptors, and
receptor stimulation leads to tyrosine phosphorylation
of SHC. Upon phosphorylation, SHC interacts with another
adapter protein, Grb2, which binds to the Ras GTP/GDP
exchange factor mSOS which leads to Ras activation. SHC
is composed of an N-terminal domain that interacts with
proteins containing phosphorylated tyrosines, a
(glycine/proline)-rich collagen-homology domain that
contains the phosphorylated binding site, and a
C-terminal SH2 domain. SH2 has been shown to interact
with the tyrosine-phosphorylated receptors of EGF and
PDGF and with the tyrosine-phosphorylated C chain of the
T-cell receptor, providing one of the mechanisms of
T-cell-mediated Ras activation. In general SH2 domains
are involved in signal transduction. They typically
bind pTyr-containing ligands via two surface pockets, a
pTyr and hydrophobic binding pocket, allowing proteins
with SH2 domains to localize to tyrosine phosphorylated
sites.
Length = 104
Score = 50.0 bits (120), Expect = 2e-08
Identities = 24/45 (53%), Positives = 31/45 (68%), Gaps = 4/45 (8%)
Query: 112 RMSRAQAEALLSGRPDGTFLIRPSTT--GQYALSIVCSGAPKHCL 154
+MSR AE+LL + DG FL+R STT GQY L+ + +G PKH L
Sbjct: 13 KMSRRDAESLL--QTDGDFLVRESTTTPGQYVLTGMQNGQPKHLL 55
>gnl|CDD|198218 cd10355, SH2_DAPP1_BAM32_like, Src homology 2 domain found in dual
adaptor for phosphotyrosine and 3-phosphoinositides (
DAPP1)/B lymphocyte adaptor molecule of 32 kDa
(Bam32)-like proteins. DAPP1/Bam32 contains a putative
myristoylation site at its N-terminus, followed by a SH2
domain, and a pleckstrin homology (PH) domain at its
C-terminus. DAPP1 could potentially be recruited to the
cell membrane by any of these domains. Its putative
myristoylation site could facilitate the interaction of
DAPP1 with the lipid bilayer. Its SH2 domain may also
interact with phosphotyrosine residues on
membrane-associated proteins such as activated tyrosine
kinase receptors. And finally its PH domain exhibits a
high-affinity interaction with the PtdIns(3,4,5)P(3)
PtdIns(3,4)P(2) second messengers produced at the cell
membrane following the activation of PI 3-kinases. DAPP1
is thought to interact with both tyrosine phosphorylated
proteins and 3-phosphoinositides and therefore may play
a role in regulating the location and/or activity of
such proteins(s) in response to agonists that elevate
PtdIns(3,4,5)P(3) and PtdIns(3,4)P(2). This protein is
likely to play an important role in triggering signal
transduction pathways that lie downstream from receptor
tyrosine kinases and PI 3-kinase. It is likely that
DAPP1 functions as an adaptor to recruit other proteins
to the plasma membrane in response to extracellular
signals. In general SH2 domains are involved in signal
transduction. They typically bind pTyr-containing
ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic
binding pocket, allowing proteins with SH2 domains to
localize to tyrosine phosphorylated sites.
Length = 92
Score = 49.4 bits (118), Expect = 2e-08
Identities = 29/73 (39%), Positives = 40/73 (54%), Gaps = 5/73 (6%)
Query: 113 MSRAQAEA-LLSGRPDGTFLIRPS--TTGQYALSIVCSGAPKHCLVYETERGFGFAEPFN 169
++R AEA LLS DG++L+R S TG ++LS+ + KH V T F F FN
Sbjct: 13 LTRHAAEALLLSNGVDGSYLLRNSNEGTGLFSLSVRAKDSVKHFHVEYTGYSFKFG--FN 70
Query: 170 IYPSLGALVLHYA 182
+ SL V H+A
Sbjct: 71 EFSSLQDFVKHFA 83
>gnl|CDD|199827 cd09933, SH2_Src_family, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in the
Src family of non-receptor tyrosine kinases. The Src
family kinases are nonreceptor tyrosine kinases that
have been implicated in pathways regulating
proliferation, angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis,
and bone metabolism. It is thought that transforming
ability of Src is linked to its ability to activate key
signaling molecules in these pathways, rather than
through direct activity. As such blocking Src activation
has been a target for drug companies. Src family members
can be divided into 3 groups based on their expression
pattern: 1) Src, Fyn, and Yes; 2) Blk, Fgr, Hck, Lck,
and Lyn; and 3) Frk-related kinases Frk/Rak and Iyk/Bsk
Of these, cellular c-Src is the best studied and most
frequently implicated in oncogenesis. The c-Src contains
five distinct regions: a unique N-terminal domain, an
SH3 domain, an SH2 domain, a kinase domain and a
regulatory tail, as do the other members of the family.
Src exists in both active and inactive conformations.
Negative regulation occurs through phosphorylation of
Tyr, resulting in an intramolecular association between
phosphorylated Tyr and the SH2 domain of SRC, which
locks the protein in a closed conformation. Further
stabilization of the inactive state occurs through
interactions between the SH3 domain and a proline-rich
stretch of residues within the kinase domain.
Conversely, dephosphorylation of Tyr allows SRC to
assume an open conformation. Full activity requires
additional autophosphorylation of a Tyr residue within
the catalytic domain. Loss of the negative-regulatory
C-terminal segment has been shown to result in increased
activity and transforming potential. Phosphorylation of
the C-terminal Tyr residue by C-terminal Src kinase
(Csk) and Csk homology kinase results in increased
intramolecular interactions and consequent Src
inactivation. Specific phosphatases, protein tyrosine
phosphatase a (PTPa) and the SH-containing phosphatases
SHP1/SHP2, have also been shown to take a part in Src
activation. Src is also activated by direct binding of
focal adhesion kinase (Fak) and Crk-associated substrate
(Cas) to the SH2 domain. SRC activity can also be
regulated by numerous receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs),
such as Her2, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR),
fibroblast growth factor receptor, platelet-derived
growth factor receptor (PDGFR), and vascular endothelial
growth factor receptor (VEGFR). In general SH2 domains
are involved in signal transduction. They typically bind
pTyr-containing ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr
and hydrophobic binding pocket, allowing proteins with
SH2 domains to localize to tyrosine phosphorylated
sites.
Length = 101
Score = 48.0 bits (115), Expect = 8e-08
Identities = 29/89 (32%), Positives = 44/89 (49%), Gaps = 9/89 (10%)
Query: 106 EKTWLVRMSRAQAEALL--SGRPDGTFLIRPSTT--GQYALSIVCSGAP-----KHCLVY 156
E+ + ++ R AE LL G P GTFLIR S T G Y+LS+ KH +
Sbjct: 3 EEWFFGKIKRKDAEKLLLAPGNPRGTFLIRESETTPGAYSLSVRDGDDARGDTVKHYRIR 62
Query: 157 ETERGFGFAEPFNIYPSLGALVLHYAANS 185
+ + G + +P+L LV HY+ ++
Sbjct: 63 KLDNGGYYITTRATFPTLQELVQHYSKDA 91
>gnl|CDD|198215 cd10352, SH2_a2chimerin_b2chimerin, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain
found in alpha2-chimerin and beta2-chimerin proteins.
Chimerins are a family of phorbol ester- and
diacylglycerol-responsive GTPase-activating proteins.
Alpha1-chimerin (formerly known as n-chimerin) and
alpha2-chimerin are alternatively spliced products of a
single gene, as are beta1- and beta2-chimerin. alpha1-
and beta1-chimerin have a relatively short N-terminal
region that does not encode any recognizable domains,
whereas alpha2- and beta2-chimerin both include a
functional SH2 domain that can bind to phosphotyrosine
motifs within receptors. All of the isoforms contain a
GAP domain with specificity in vitro for Rac1 and a
diacylglycerol (DAG)-binding C1 domain which allows them
to translocate to membranes in response to DAG signaling
and anchors them in close proximity to activated Rac.
Other C1 domain-containing diacylglycerol receptors
including: PKC, Munc-13 proteins, phorbol ester binding
scaffolding proteins involved in Ca2+-stimulated
exocytosis, and RasGRPs, diacylglycerol-activated
guanine-nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) for Ras and
Rap1. In general SH2 domains are involved in signal
transduction. They typically bind pTyr-containing
ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic
binding pocket, allowing proteins with SH2 domains to
localize to tyrosine phosphorylated sites.
Length = 91
Score = 47.4 bits (113), Expect = 1e-07
Identities = 20/46 (43%), Positives = 28/46 (60%), Gaps = 2/46 (4%)
Query: 113 MSRAQAEALLSGRPDGTFLIR--PSTTGQYALSIVCSGAPKHCLVY 156
+SR +AE LLSG DG++LIR G Y LS+ +G K+ +Y
Sbjct: 13 ISREEAEQLLSGASDGSYLIRESSRDDGYYTLSLRFNGKVKNYKLY 58
>gnl|CDD|198210 cd10347, SH2_Nterm_shark_like, N-terminal Src homology 2 (SH2)
domain found in SH2 domains, ANK, and kinase domain
(shark) proteins. These non-receptor protein-tyrosine
kinases contain two SH2 domains, five ankyrin (ANK)-like
repeats, and a potential tyrosine phosphorylation site
in the carboxyl-terminal tail which resembles the
phosphorylation site in members of the src family. Like,
mammalian non-receptor protein-tyrosine kinases, ZAP-70
and syk proteins, they do not have SH3 domains. However,
the presence of ANK makes these unique among
protein-tyrosine kinases. Both tyrosine kinases and ANK
repeats have been shown to transduce developmental
signals, and SH2 domains are known to participate
intimately in tyrosine kinase signaling. These tyrosine
kinases are believed to be involved in epithelial cell
polarity. The members of this family include the shark
(SH2 domains, ANK, and kinase domain) gene in Drosophila
and yellow fever mosquitos, as well as the hydra protein
HTK16. Drosophila Shark is proposed to transduce
intracellularly the Crumbs, a protein necessary for
proper organization of ectodermal epithelia,
intercellular signal. In general SH2 domains are
involved in signal transduction. They typically bind
pTyr-containing ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr
and hydrophobic binding pocket, allowing proteins with
SH2 domains to localize to tyrosine phosphorylated
sites.
Length = 81
Score = 46.2 bits (110), Expect = 3e-07
Identities = 29/78 (37%), Positives = 39/78 (50%), Gaps = 11/78 (14%)
Query: 112 RMSRAQAEALLS--GRPDGTFLIRPSTT--GQYALSIVCSGAPKHCLVYETER----GFG 163
++SR AEALL G DG FL+R ST+ G Y LS++ G H Y+ R F
Sbjct: 7 KISREVAEALLLREGGRDGLFLVRESTSAPGDYVLSLLAQGEVLH---YQIRRHGEDAFF 63
Query: 164 FAEPFNIYPSLGALVLHY 181
+ I+ L L+ HY
Sbjct: 64 SDDGPLIFHGLDTLIEHY 81
>gnl|CDD|198268 cd10405, SH2_Vav1, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in the Vav1
proteins. Proto-oncogene vav is a member of the Dbl
family of guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEF) for
the Rho family of GTP binding proteins. All vavs are
activated by tyrosine phosphorylation leading to their
activation. There are three Vav mammalian family
members: Vav1 which is expressed in the hematopoietic
system, and Vav2 and Vav3 are more ubiquitously
expressed. Vav1 plays a role in T-cell and B-cell
development and activation. It has been identified as
the specific binding partner of Nef proteins from HIV-1,
resulting in morphological changes, cytoskeletal
rearrangements, and the JNK/SAPK signaling cascade,
leading to increased levels of viral transcription and
replication. Vav1 has been shown to interact with Ku70,
PLCG1, Lymphocyte cytosolic protein 2, Janus kinase 2,
SIAH2, S100B, Abl gene, ARHGDIB, SHB, PIK3R1, PRKCQ,
Grb2, MAPK1, Syk, Linker of activated T cells, Cbl gene
and EZH2. Vav proteins are involved in several processes
that require cytoskeletal reorganization, such as the
formation of the immunological synapse (IS),
phagocytosis, platelet aggregation, spreading, and
transformation. Vavs function as guanine nucleotide
exchange factors (GEFs) for the Rho/Rac family of
GTPases. Vav family members have several conserved
motifs/domains including: a leucine-rich region, a
leucine-zipper, a calponin homology (CH) domain, an
acidic domain, a Dbl-homology (DH) domain, a pleckstrin
homology (PH) domain, a cysteine-rich domain, 2 SH3
domains, a proline-rich region, and a SH2 domain. Vavs
are the only known Rho GEFs that have both the DH/PH
motifs and SH2/SH3 domains in the same protein. The
leucine-rich helix-loop-helix (HLH) domain is thought to
be involved in protein heterodimerization with other HLH
proteins and it may function as a negative regulator by
forming inactive heterodimers. The CH domain is usually
involved in the association with filamentous actin, but
in Vav it controls NFAT stimulation, Ca2+ mobilization,
and its transforming activity. Acidic domains are
involved in protein-protein interactions and contain
regulatory tyrosines. The DH domain is a GDP-GTP
exchange factor on Rho/Rac GTPases. The PH domain in
involved in interactions with GTP-binding proteins,
lipids and/or phosphorylated serine/threonine residues.
The SH3 domain is involved in localization of proteins
to specific sites within the cell interacting with
protein with proline-rich sequences. The SH2 domain
mediates a high affinity interaction with tyrosine
phosphorylated proteins. In general SH2 domains are
involved in signal transduction. They typically bind
pTyr-containing ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr
and hydrophobic binding pocket, allowing proteins with
SH2 domains to localize to tyrosine phosphorylated
sites.
Length = 103
Score = 45.8 bits (108), Expect = 6e-07
Identities = 30/92 (32%), Positives = 44/92 (47%), Gaps = 7/92 (7%)
Query: 100 DLPHHDEKTWLVR-MSRAQAEALLSGRPDGTFLIRPST--TGQYALSIVCSGAPKHCLVY 156
DL H W M RA AE++L+ R DGT+L+R ++A+SI + KH +
Sbjct: 1 DLSVH---LWYAGPMERAGAESILANRSDGTYLVRQRVKDAAEFAISIKYNVEVKHIKIM 57
Query: 157 ETERGFGFAEPFNIYPSLGALVLHYAANSLEE 188
E + E + L LV Y NSL++
Sbjct: 58 TAEGLYRITEK-KAFRGLTELVEFYQQNSLKD 88
>gnl|CDD|198190 cd09937, SH2_csk_like, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in
Carboxyl-Terminal Src Kinase (Csk). Both the C-terminal
Src kinase (CSK) and CSK-homologous kinase (CHK) are
members of the CSK-family of protein tyrosine kinases.
These proteins suppress activity of Src-family kinases
(SFK) by selectively phosphorylating the conserved
C-terminal tail regulatory tyrosine by a similar
mechanism. CHK is also capable of inhibiting SFKs by a
non-catalytic mechanism that involves binding of CHK to
SFKs to form stable protein complexes. The
unphosphorylated form of SFKs is inhibited by CSK and
CHK by a two-step mechanism. The first step involves the
formation of a complex of SFKs with CSK/CHK with the
SFKs in the complex are inactive. The second step,
involves the phosphorylation of the C-terminal tail
tyrosine of SFKs, which then dissociates and adopt an
inactive conformation. The structural basis of how the
phosphorylated SFKs dissociate from CSK/CHK to adopt the
inactive conformation is not known. The inactive
conformation of SFKs is stabilized by two intramolecular
inhibitory interactions: (a) the pYT:SH2 interaction in
which the phosphorylated C-terminal tail tyrosine (YT)
binds to the SH2 domain, and (b) the linker:SH3
interaction of which the SH2-kinase domain linker binds
to the SH3 domain. SFKs are activated by multiple
mechanisms including binding of the ligands to the SH2
and SH3 domains to displace the two inhibitory
intramolecular interactions, autophosphorylation, and
dephosphorylation of YT. By selective phosphorylation
and the non-catalytic inhibitory mechanism CSK and CHK
are able to inhibit the active forms of SFKs. CSK and
CHK are regulated by phosphorylation and inter-domain
interactions. They both contain SH3, SH2, and kinase
domains separated by the SH3-SH2 connector and SH2
kinase linker, intervening segments separating the three
domains. They lack a conserved tyrosine phosphorylation
site in the kinase domain and the C-terminal tail
regulatory tyrosine phosphorylation site. The CSK SH2
domain is crucial for stabilizing the kinase domain in
the active conformation. A disulfide bond here regulates
CSK kinase activity. The subcellular localization and
activity of CSK are regulated by its SH2 domain. In
general SH2 domains are involved in signal transduction.
They typically bind pTyr-containing ligands via two
surface pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic binding pocket,
allowing proteins with SH2 domains to localize to
tyrosine phosphorylated sites.
Length = 98
Score = 45.4 bits (108), Expect = 6e-07
Identities = 25/76 (32%), Positives = 35/76 (46%), Gaps = 3/76 (3%)
Query: 112 RMSRAQAEALLSGRPDGTFLIRPSTT--GQYALSIVCSGAPKHCLVYETERGFGFAEPFN 169
++SR +AE LL DG FL+R ST G Y L + G +H V E
Sbjct: 9 KISREEAERLLQPPEDGLFLVRESTNYPGDYTLCVSFEGKVEHYRVIYRNGKLTIDEE-E 67
Query: 170 IYPSLGALVLHYAANS 185
+ +L LV HY ++
Sbjct: 68 YFENLIQLVEHYTKDA 83
>gnl|CDD|198270 cd10407, SH2_Vav3, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in the Vav3
proteins. Proto-oncogene vav is a member of the Dbl
family of guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEF) for
the Rho family of GTP binding proteins. All vavs are
activated by tyrosine phosphorylation leading to their
activation. There are three Vav mammalian family
members: Vav1 which is expressed in the hematopoietic
system, and Vav2 and Vav3 are more ubiquitously
expressed. Vav3 preferentially activates RhoA, RhoG and,
to a lesser extent, Rac1. Alternatively spliced
transcript variants encoding different isoforms have
been described for this gene. VAV3 has been shown to
interact with Grb2. Vav proteins are involved in several
processes that require cytoskeletal reorganization, such
as the formation of the immunological synapse (IS),
phagocytosis, platelet aggregation, spreading, and
transformation. Vavs function as guanine nucleotide
exchange factors (GEFs) for the Rho/Rac family of
GTPases. Vav family members have several conserved
motifs/domains including: a leucine-rich region, a
leucine-zipper, a calponin homology (CH) domain, an
acidic domain, a Dbl-homology (DH) domain, a pleckstrin
homology (PH) domain, a cysteine-rich domain, 2 SH3
domains, a proline-rich region, and a SH2 domain. Vavs
are the only known Rho GEFs that have both the DH/PH
motifs and SH2/SH3 domains in the same protein. The
leucine-rich helix-loop-helix (HLH) domain is thought to
be involved in protein heterodimerization with other HLH
proteins and it may function as a negative regulator by
forming inactive heterodimers. The CH domain is usually
involved in the association with filamentous actin, but
in Vav it controls NFAT stimulation, Ca2+ mobilization,
and its transforming activity. Acidic domains are
involved in protein-protein interactions and contain
regulatory tyrosines. The DH domain is a GDP-GTP
exchange factor on Rho/Rac GTPases. The PH domain in
involved in interactions with GTP-binding proteins,
lipids and/or phosphorylated serine/threonine residues.
The SH3 domain is involved in localization of proteins
to specific sites within the cell interacting with
protein with proline-rich sequences. The SH2 domain
mediates a high affinity interaction with tyrosine
phosphorylated proteins. In general SH2 domains are
involved in signal transduction. They typically bind
pTyr-containing ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr
and hydrophobic binding pocket, allowing proteins with
SH2 domains to localize to tyrosine phosphorylated
sites.
Length = 103
Score = 44.6 bits (105), Expect = 2e-06
Identities = 29/78 (37%), Positives = 42/78 (53%), Gaps = 3/78 (3%)
Query: 113 MSRAQAEALLSGRPDGTFLIRPST--TGQYALSIVCSGAPKHCLVYETERGFGFAEPFNI 170
M R QAE L R + T+L+R T +G+YA+SI + KH + + F AE
Sbjct: 12 MERLQAETELINRVNSTYLVRHRTKESGEYAISIKYNNEVKHIKILTRDGFFHIAEN-RK 70
Query: 171 YPSLGALVLHYAANSLEE 188
+ SL LV +Y +SL+E
Sbjct: 71 FKSLMELVEYYKHHSLKE 88
>gnl|CDD|198207 cd10344, SH2_SLAP, Src homology 2 domain found in Src-like adaptor
proteins. SLAP belongs to the subfamily of adapter
proteins that negatively regulate cellular signaling
initiated by tyrosine kinases. It has a myristylated
N-terminus, SH3 and SH2 domains with high homology to
Src family tyrosine kinases, and a unique C-terminal
tail, which is important for c-Cbl binding. SLAP
negatively regulates platelet-derived growth factor
(PDGF)-induced mitogenesis in fibroblasts and regulates
F-actin assembly for dorsal ruffles formation. c-Cbl
mediated SLAP inhibition towards actin remodeling.
Moreover, SLAP enhanced PDGF-induced c-Cbl
phosphorylation by SFK. In contrast, SLAP mitogenic
inhibition was not mediated by c-Cbl, but it rather
involved a competitive mechanism with SFK for
PDGF-receptor (PDGFR) association and mitogenic
signaling. Accordingly, phosphorylation of the Src
mitogenic substrates Stat3 and Shc were reduced by SLAP.
Thus, we concluded that SLAP regulates PDGFR signaling
by two independent mechanisms: a competitive mechanism
for PDGF-induced Src mitogenic signaling and a
non-competitive mechanism for dorsal ruffles formation
mediated by c-Cbl. SLAP is a hematopoietic adaptor
containing Src homology (SH)3 and SH2 motifs and a
unique carboxy terminus. Unlike c-Src, SLAP lacks a
tyrosine kinase domain. Unlike c-Src, SLAP does not
impact resorptive function of mature osteoclasts but
induces their early apoptosis. SLAP negatively regulates
differentiation of osteoclasts and proliferation of
their precursors. Conversely, SLAP decreases osteoclast
death by inhibiting activation of caspase 3. In general
SH2 domains are involved in signal transduction. They
typically bind pTyr-containing ligands via two surface
pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic binding pocket, allowing
proteins with SH2 domains to localize to tyrosine
phosphorylated sites.
Length = 104
Score = 43.6 bits (103), Expect = 3e-06
Identities = 29/87 (33%), Positives = 45/87 (51%), Gaps = 10/87 (11%)
Query: 109 WL-VRMSRAQAEALLS--GRPDGTFLIRPSTT--GQYALSIVCSGAP-----KHCLVYET 158
WL +SR +AE LL G G+FLIR S T G Y+LS+ G+ KH ++
Sbjct: 12 WLFEGLSREKAEELLMLPGNQVGSFLIRESETRRGCYSLSVRHRGSQSRDSVKHYRIFRL 71
Query: 159 ERGFGFAEPFNIYPSLGALVLHYAANS 185
+ G+ + P + L +V HY+ ++
Sbjct: 72 DNGWFYISPRLTFQCLEDMVNHYSESA 98
>gnl|CDD|198189 cd09935, SH2_ABL, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in Abelson
murine lymphosarcoma virus (ABL) proteins. ABL-family
proteins are highly conserved tyrosine kinases. Each ABL
protein contains an SH3-SH2-TK (Src homology 3-Src
homology 2-tyrosine kinase) domain cassette, which
confers autoregulated kinase activity and is common
among nonreceptor tyrosine kinases. Several types of
posttranslational modifications control ABL catalytic
activity, subcellular localization, and stability, with
consequences for both cytoplasmic and nuclear ABL
functions. Binding partners provide additional
regulation of ABL catalytic activity, substrate
specificity, and downstream signaling. By combining this
cassette with actin-binding and -bundling domain, ABL
proteins are capable of connecting phosphoregulation
with actin-filament reorganization. Vertebrate paralogs,
ABL1 and ABL2, have evolved to perform specialized
functions. ABL1 includes nuclear localization signals
and a DNA binding domain which is used to mediate DNA
damage-repair functions, while ABL2 has additional
binding capacity for actin and for microtubules to
enhance its cytoskeletal remodeling functions. SH2 is
involved in several autoinhibitory mechanism that
constrain the enzymatic activity of the ABL-family
kinases. In one mechanism SH2 and SH3 cradle the kinase
domain while a cap sequence stabilizes the inactive
conformation resulting in a locked inactive state.
Another involves phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate
(PIP2) which binds the SH2 domain through residues
normally required for phosphotyrosine binding in the
linker segment between the SH2 and kinase domains. The
SH2 domain contributes to ABL catalytic activity and
target site specificity. It is thought that the ABL
catalytic site and SH2 pocket have coevolved to
recognize the same sequences. Recent work now supports a
hierarchical processivity model in which the substrate
target site most compatible with ABL kinase domain
preferences is phosphorylated with greatest efficiency.
If this site is compatible with the ABL SH2 domain
specificity, it will then reposition and dock in the SH2
pocket. This mechanism also explains how ABL kinases
phosphorylates poor targets on the same substrate if
they are properly positioned and how relatively poor
substrate proteins might be recruited to ABL through a
complex with strong substrates that can also dock with
the SH2 pocket. In general SH2 domains are involved in
signal transduction. They typically bind pTyr-containing
ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic
binding pocket, allowing proteins with SH2 domains to
localize to tyrosine phosphorylated sites.
Length = 94
Score = 43.1 bits (102), Expect = 5e-06
Identities = 25/76 (32%), Positives = 41/76 (53%), Gaps = 2/76 (2%)
Query: 112 RMSRAQAEALLSGRPDGTFLIRPSTT--GQYALSIVCSGAPKHCLVYETERGFGFAEPFN 169
+SR AE LLS +G+FL+R S + GQY++S+ G H + E G + +
Sbjct: 9 PISRNAAEYLLSSGINGSFLVRESESSPGQYSISLRYDGRVYHYRISEDSDGKVYVTQEH 68
Query: 170 IYPSLGALVLHYAANS 185
+ +L LV H++ N+
Sbjct: 69 RFNTLAELVHHHSKNA 84
>gnl|CDD|198185 cd09931, SH2_C-SH2_SHP_like, C-terminal Src homology 2 (C-SH2)
domain found in SH2 domain Phosphatases (SHP) proteins.
The SH2 domain phosphatases (SHP-1, SHP-2/Syp,
Drosophila corkscrew (csw), and Caenorhabditis elegans
Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase (Ptp-2)) are cytoplasmic
signaling enzymes. They are both targeted and regulated
by interactions of their SH2 domains with
phosphotyrosine docking sites. These proteins contain
two SH2 domains (N-SH2, C-SH2) followed by a tyrosine
phosphatase (PTP) domain, and a C-terminal extension.
Shp1 and Shp2 have two tyrosyl phosphorylation sites in
their C-tails, which are phosphorylated differentially
by receptor and nonreceptor PTKs. Csw retains the
proximal tyrosine and Ptp-2 lacks both sites.
Shp-binding proteins include receptors, scaffolding
adapters, and inhibitory receptors. Some of these bind
both Shp1 and Shp2 while others bind only one. Most
proteins that bind a Shp SH2 domain contain one or more
immuno-receptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs
(ITIMs): [SIVL]xpYxx[IVL]. Shp1 N-SH2 domain blocks the
catalytic domain and keeps the enzyme in the inactive
conformation, and is thus believed to regulate the
phosphatase activity of SHP-1. Its C-SH2 domain is
thought to be involved in searching for phosphotyrosine
activators. The SHP2 N-SH2 domain is a conformational
switch; it either binds and inhibits the phosphatase, or
it binds phosphoproteins and activates the enzyme. The
C-SH2 domain contributes binding energy and specificity,
but it does not have a direct role in activation. Csw
SH2 domain function is essential, but either SH2 domain
can fulfill this requirement. The role of the csw SH2
domains during Sevenless receptor tyrosine kinase (SEV)
signaling is to bind Daughter of Sevenless rather than
activated SEV. Ptp-2 acts in oocytes downstream of
sheath/oocyte gap junctions to promote major sperm
protein (MSP)-induced MAP Kinase (MPK-1)
phosphorylation. Ptp-2 functions in the oocyte
cytoplasm, not at the cell surface to inhibit multiple
RasGAPs, resulting in sustained Ras activation. It is
thought that MSP triggers PTP-2/Ras activation and ROS
production to stimulate MPK-1 activity essential for
oocyte maturation and that secreted MSP domains and
Cu/Zn superoxide dismutases function antagonistically to
control ROS and MAPK signaling. In general SH2 domains
are involved in signal transduction. They typically bind
pTyr-containing ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr
and hydrophobic binding pocket, allowing proteins with
SH2 domains to localize to tyrosine phosphorylated
sites.
Length = 99
Score = 42.7 bits (101), Expect = 7e-06
Identities = 27/91 (29%), Positives = 43/91 (47%), Gaps = 11/91 (12%)
Query: 113 MSRAQAEALLSGRP-DGTFLIRPSTT--GQYALSIVCSGAP-KHCLVYETERG---FGFA 165
+S +AE LL + G+FL+R S + G + LS+ H ++ + G G
Sbjct: 7 LSGKEAEKLLLEKGKPGSFLVRESQSKPGDFVLSVRTDDDKVTHIMIR-CQGGKYDVGGG 65
Query: 166 EPFNIYPSLGALVLHYAANSLEEHNDDLIFL 196
E F+ SL LV HY N + E + ++ L
Sbjct: 66 EEFD---SLTDLVEHYKKNPMVETSGTVVHL 93
>gnl|CDD|198249 cd10386, SH2_SOCS5, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in
suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) family. SH2
domain found in SOCS proteins. SOCS was first recognized
as a group of cytokine-inducible SH2 (CIS) domain
proteins comprising eight family members in human (CIS
and SOCS1-SOCS7). In addition to the SH2 domain, SOCS
proteins have a variable N-terminal domain and a
conserved SOCS box in the C-terminal domain. SOCS
proteins bind to a substrate via their SH2 domain. The
prototypical members, CIS and SOCS1-SOCS3, have been
shown to regulate growth hormone signaling in vitro and
in a classic negative feedback response compete for
binding at phosphotyrosine sites in JAK kinase and
receptor pathways to displace effector proteins and
target bound receptors for proteasomal degradation. Loss
of SOCS activity results in excessive cytokine signaling
associated with a variety of hematopoietic, autoimmune,
and inflammatory diseases and certain cancers. Members
(SOCS4-SOCS7) were identified by their conserved SOCS
box, an adapter motif of 3 helices that associates
substrate binding domains, such as the SOCS SH2 domain,
ankryin, and WD40 with ubiquitin ligase components.
These show limited cytokine induction. In general SH2
domains are involved in signal transduction. They
typically bind pTyr-containing ligands via two surface
pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic binding pocket, allowing
proteins with SH2 domains to localize to tyrosine
phosphorylated sites.
Length = 81
Score = 42.0 bits (98), Expect = 1e-05
Identities = 17/32 (53%), Positives = 22/32 (68%)
Query: 113 MSRAQAEALLSGRPDGTFLIRPSTTGQYALSI 144
M R +AEALL G+P+GTFL+R S Y S+
Sbjct: 7 MDRYEAEALLEGKPEGTFLLRDSAQEDYLFSV 38
>gnl|CDD|198269 cd10406, SH2_Vav2, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in the Vav2
proteins. Proto-oncogene vav is a member of the Dbl
family of guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEF) for
the Rho family of GTP binding proteins. All vavs are
activated by tyrosine phosphorylation leading to their
activation. There are three Vav mammalian family
members: Vav1 which is expressed in the hematopoietic
system, and Vav2 and Vav3 are more ubiquitously
expressed. Vav2 is a GEF for RhoA, RhoB and RhoG and may
activate Rac1 and Cdc42. Vav2 has been shown to interact
with CD19 and Grb2. Alternatively spliced transcript
variants encoding different isoforms have been found for
Vav2. Vav proteins are involved in several processes
that require cytoskeletal reorganization, such as the
formation of the immunological synapse (IS),
phagocytosis, platelet aggregation, spreading, and
transformation. Vavs function as guanine nucleotide
exchange factors (GEFs) for the Rho/Rac family of
GTPases. Vav family members have several conserved
motifs/domains including: a leucine-rich region, a
leucine-zipper, a calponin homology (CH) domain, an
acidic domain, a Dbl-homology (DH) domain, a pleckstrin
homology (PH) domain, a cysteine-rich domain, 2 SH3
domains, a proline-rich region, and a SH2 domain. Vavs
are the only known Rho GEFs that have both the DH/PH
motifs and SH2/SH3 domains in the same protein. The
leucine-rich helix-loop-helix (HLH) domain is thought to
be involved in protein heterodimerization with other HLH
proteins and it may function as a negative regulator by
forming inactive heterodimers. The CH domain is usually
involved in the association with filamentous actin, but
in Vav it controls NFAT stimulation, Ca2+ mobilization,
and its transforming activity. Acidic domains are
involved in protein-protein interactions and contain
regulatory tyrosines. The DH domain is a GDP-GTP
exchange factor on Rho/Rac GTPases. The PH domain in
involved in interactions with GTP-binding proteins,
lipids and/or phosphorylated serine/threonine residues.
The SH3 domain is involved in localization of proteins
to specific sites within the cell interacting with
protein with proline-rich sequences. The SH2 domain
mediates a high affinity interaction with tyrosine
phosphorylated proteins. In general SH2 domains are
involved in signal transduction. They typically bind
pTyr-containing ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr
and hydrophobic binding pocket, allowing proteins with
SH2 domains to localize to tyrosine phosphorylated
sites.
Length = 103
Score = 42.4 bits (99), Expect = 1e-05
Identities = 27/78 (34%), Positives = 39/78 (50%), Gaps = 3/78 (3%)
Query: 113 MSRAQAEALLSGRPDGTFLI--RPSTTGQYALSIVCSGAPKHCLVYETERGFGFAEPFNI 170
M R Q + LL GT+LI RP+ ++A+SI + KH V E + E
Sbjct: 12 MERQQTDNLLKSHASGTYLIRERPAEAERFAISIKFNDEVKHIKVVEKDNWIHITEA-KK 70
Query: 171 YPSLGALVLHYAANSLEE 188
+ SL LV +Y +SL+E
Sbjct: 71 FESLLELVEYYQCHSLKE 88
>gnl|CDD|199831 cd10369, SH2_Src_Frk, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in the
Fyn-related kinase (Frk). Frk is a member of the Src
non-receptor type tyrosine kinase family of proteins.
The Frk subfamily is composed of Frk/Rak and
Iyk/Bsk/Gst. It is expressed primarily epithelial cells.
Frk is a nuclear protein and may function during G1 and
S phase of the cell cycle and suppress growth. Unlike
the other Src members it lacks a glycine at position 2
of SH4 which is important for addition of a myristic
acid moiety that is involved in targeting Src PTKs to
cellular membranes. FRK and SHB exert similar effects
when overexpressed in rat phaeochromocytoma (PC12) and
beta-cells, where both induce PC12 cell differentiation
and beta-cell proliferation. Under conditions that cause
beta-cell degeneration these proteins augment beta-cell
apoptosis. The FRK-SHB responses involve FAK and insulin
receptor substrates (IRS) -1 and -2. Frk has been
demonstrated to interact with retinoblastoma protein.
Frk regulates PTEN protein stability by phosphorylating
PTEN, which in turn prevents PTEN degradation. Frk also
plays a role in regulation of embryonal pancreatic beta
cell formation. Frk has a unique N-terminal domain, an
SH3 domain, an SH2 domain, a kinase domain and a
regulatory tail, as do the other members of the family.
Like the other members of the Src family the SH2 domain
in addition to binding the target, also plays an
autoinhibitory role by binding to its activation loop.
The tryosine involved is at the same site as the
tyrosine involved in the autophosphorylation of Src. In
general SH2 domains are involved in signal transduction.
They typically bind pTyr-containing ligands via two
surface pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic binding pocket,
allowing proteins with SH2 domains to localize to
tyrosine phosphorylated sites.
Length = 96
Score = 41.4 bits (97), Expect = 2e-05
Identities = 24/77 (31%), Positives = 36/77 (46%), Gaps = 4/77 (5%)
Query: 113 MSRAQAEA--LLSGRPDGTFLIRPSTT--GQYALSIVCSGAPKHCLVYETERGFGFAEPF 168
+ RA AE L S G FLIR S + G+++LS++ G KH + + G F
Sbjct: 10 IKRADAEKQLLYSENQTGAFLIRESESQKGEFSLSVLDGGVVKHYRIRRLDEGGFFLTRR 69
Query: 169 NIYPSLGALVLHYAANS 185
+ +L V +Y S
Sbjct: 70 KTFSTLNEFVNYYTTTS 86
>gnl|CDD|198220 cd10357, SH2_ShkD_ShkE, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in SH2
domain-bearing protein kinases D and E (ShkD and ShkE).
SH2-bearing genes cloned from Dictyostelium include two
transcription factors, STATa and STATc, and a signaling
factor, SHK1 (shkA). A database search of the
Dictyostelium discoideum genome revealed two additional
putative STAT sequences, dd-STATb and dd-STATd, and four
additional putative SHK genes, dd-SHK2 (shkB), dd-SHK3
(shkC), dd-SHK4 (shkD), and dd-SHK5 (shkE). This model
contains members of shkD and shkE. All of the SHK
members are most closely related to the protein kinases
found in plants. However these kinases in plants are
not conjugated to any SH2 or SH2-like sequences.
Alignment data indicates that the SHK SH2 domains carry
some features of the STAT SH2 domains in Dictyostelium.
When STATc's linker domain was used for a BLAST search,
the sequence between the protein kinase domain and the
SH2 domain (the linker) of SHK was recovered, suggesting
a close relationship among these molecules within this
region. SHK's linker domain is predicted to contain an
alpha-helix which is indeed homologous to that of STAT.
Based on the phylogenetic alignment, SH2 domains can be
grouped into two categories, STAT-type and Src-type. SHK
family members are in between, but are closer to the
STAT-type which indicates a close relationship between
SHK and STAT families in their SH2 domains and further
supports the notion that SHKs linker-SH2 domain evolved
from STAT or STATL (STAT-like Linker-SH2) domain found
in plants. In SHK, STAT, and SPT6, the linker-SH2
domains all reside exclusively in the C-terminal
regions. In general SH2 domains are involved in signal
transduction. They typically bind pTyr-containing
ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic
binding pocket, allowing proteins with SH2 domains to
localize to tyrosine phosphorylated sites.
Length = 87
Score = 41.3 bits (97), Expect = 2e-05
Identities = 18/35 (51%), Positives = 22/35 (62%), Gaps = 7/35 (20%)
Query: 103 HHDEKTWLVRMSRAQAEALLSGRPDGTFLIRPSTT 137
H D +SR +AE L GRP+GTFLIR S+T
Sbjct: 14 HGD-------ISRDEAEKRLRGRPEGTFLIRLSST 41
>gnl|CDD|198224 cd10361, SH2_Fps_family, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in
feline sarcoma, Fujinami poultry sarcoma, and
fes-related (Fes/Fps/Fer) proteins. The Fps family
consists of members Fps/Fes and Fer/Flk/Tyk3. They are
cytoplasmic protein-tyrosine kinases implicated in
signaling downstream from cytokines, growth factors and
immune receptors. Fes/Fps/Fer contains three
coiled-coil regions, an SH2 (Src-homology-2) and a TK
(tyrosine kinase catalytic) domain signature. Members
here include: Fps/Fes, Fer, Kin-31, and In general SH2
domains are involved in signal transduction. They
typically bind pTyr-containing ligands via two surface
pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic binding pocket, allowing
proteins with SH2 domains to localize to tyrosine
phosphorylated sites.
Length = 90
Score = 40.6 bits (96), Expect = 3e-05
Identities = 18/82 (21%), Positives = 32/82 (39%), Gaps = 12/82 (14%)
Query: 113 MSRAQAEALLSGRPDGTFLIR-----PSTTGQYALSIVCSGAPKHCLVYETE-RGFGF-A 165
+ R AE LL + DG FL+R + LS+ G +H ++ + +
Sbjct: 13 LPREDAEELL--KNDGDFLVRKTEPKGGGKRKLVLSVRWDGKIRHFVINRDDGGKYYIEG 70
Query: 166 EPFNIYPSLGALVLHYAANSLE 187
+ F S+ L+ +Y
Sbjct: 71 KSFK---SISELINYYQKTKEP 89
>gnl|CDD|199828 cd09941, SH2_Grb2_like, Src homology 2 domain found in Growth
factor receptor-bound protein 2 (Grb2) and similar
proteins. The adaptor proteins here include homologs
Grb2 in humans, Sex muscle abnormal protein 5 (Sem-5) in
Caenorhabditis elegans, and Downstream of receptor
kinase (drk) in Drosophila melanogaster. They are
composed of one SH2 and two SH3 domains. Grb2/Sem-5/drk
regulates the Ras pathway by linking the tyrosine
kinases to the Ras guanine nucleotide releasing protein
Sos, which converts Ras to the active GTP-bound state.
The SH2 domain of Grb2/Sem-5/drk binds class II
phosphotyrosyl peptides while its SH3 domain binds to
Sos and Sos-derived, proline-rich peptides. Besides it
function in Ras signaling, Grb2 is also thought to play
a role in apoptosis. Unlike most SH2 structures in which
the peptide binds in an extended conformation (such that
the +3 peptide residue occupies a hydrophobic pocket in
the protein, conferring a modest degree of selectivity),
Grb2 forms several hydrogen bonds via main chain atoms
with the side chain of +2 Asn. In general SH2 domains
are involved in signal transduction. They typically bind
pTyr-containing ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr
and hydrophobic binding pocket, allowing proteins with
SH2 domains to localize to tyrosine phosphorylated
sites.
Length = 95
Score = 40.3 bits (95), Expect = 6e-05
Identities = 29/79 (36%), Positives = 41/79 (51%), Gaps = 8/79 (10%)
Query: 112 RMSRAQAEALLSG-RPDGTFLIRPS--TTGQYALSIVCSGAPKHCLVYETERG--FGFAE 166
++SRA+AE +L RPDG FLIR S + G ++LS+ +H V G F +
Sbjct: 9 KISRAEAEEILMNQRPDGAFLIRESESSPGDFSLSVKFGNDVQHFKVLRDGAGKYFLWVV 68
Query: 167 PFNIYPSLGALVLHYAANS 185
FN SL LV ++ S
Sbjct: 69 KFN---SLNELVDYHRTTS 84
>gnl|CDD|198181 cd09927, SH2_Tensin_like, Src homology 2 domain found in
Tensin-like proteins. SH2 domain found in Tensin-like
proteins. The Tensins are a family of intracellular
proteins that interact with receptor tyrosine kinases
(RTKs), integrins, and actin. They are thought act as
signaling bridges between the extracellular space and
the cytoskeleton. There are four homologues: Tensin1,
Tensin2 (TENC1, C1-TEN), Tensin3 and Tensin4 (cten), all
of which contain a C-terminal tandem SH2-PTB domain
pairing, as well as actin-binding regions that may
localize them to focal adhesions. The isoforms of
Tensin2 and Tensin3 contain N-terminal C1 domains, which
are atypical and not expected to bind to phorbol esters.
Tensins 1-3 contain a phosphatase (PTPase) and C2 domain
pairing which resembles PTEN (phosphatase and tensin
homologue deleted on chromosome 10) protein. PTEN is a
lipid phosphatase that dephosphorylates
phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate
(PtdIns(3,4,5)P3) to yield phosphatidylinositol
4,5-bisphosphate (PtdIns(4,5)P2). As PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 is
the product of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)
activity, PTEN is therefore a key negative regulator of
the PI3K pathway. Because of their PTEN-like domains,
the Tensins may also possess phosphoinositide-binding or
phosphatase capabilities. However, only Tensin2 and
Tensin3 have the potential to be phosphatases since only
their PTPase domains contain a cysteine residue that is
essential for catalytic activity. In general SH2 domains
are involved in signal transduction. They typically bind
pTyr-containing ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr
and hydrophobic binding pocket, allowing proteins with
SH2 domains to localize to tyrosine phosphorylated
sites.
Length = 116
Score = 40.5 bits (95), Expect = 6e-05
Identities = 31/89 (34%), Positives = 42/89 (47%), Gaps = 25/89 (28%)
Query: 113 MSRAQAEALLSGRPDGTFLIRPSTT--GQYALSIVCSGAP-----------------KHC 153
+SR QA ALL +P GTFL+R STT G Y L++ + P +H
Sbjct: 10 ISRDQAIALLKDKPPGTFLVRDSTTYKGAYGLAVKVATPPPGVNPFEAKGDPESELVRHF 69
Query: 154 LVYETERGF---GFA-EPFNIYPSLGALV 178
L+ + +G G EP + SL ALV
Sbjct: 70 LIEPSPKGVKLKGCPNEPV--FGSLSALV 96
>gnl|CDD|198196 cd09943, SH2_Nck_family, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in the
Nck family. Nck proteins are adaptors that modulate
actin cytoskeleton dynamics by linking proline-rich
effector molecules to tyrosine kinases or phosphorylated
signaling intermediates. There are two members known in
this family: Nck1 (Nckalpha) and Nck2 (Nckbeta and
Growth factor receptor-bound protein 4 (Grb4)). They
are characterized by having 3 SH3 domains and a
C-terminal SH2 domain. Nck1 and Nck2 have overlapping
functions as determined by gene knockouts. Both bind
receptor tyrosine kinases and other
tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins through their SH2
domains. In addition they also bind distinct targets.
Neuronal signaling proteins: EphrinB1, EphrinB2, and
Disabled-1 (Dab-1) all bind to Nck-2 exclusively. And in
the case of PDGFR, Tyr(P)751 binds to Nck1 while
Tyr(P)1009 binds to Nck2. Nck1 and Nck2 have a role in
the infection process of enteropathogenic Escherichia
coli (EPEC). Their SH3 domains are involved in
recruiting and activating the N-WASP/Arp2/3 complex
inducing actin polymerization resulting in the
production of pedestals, dynamic bacteria-presenting
protrusions of the plasma membrane. A similar thing
occurs in the vaccinia virus where motile plasma
membrane projections are formed beneath the virus.
Recently it has been shown that the SH2 domains of both
Nck1 and Nck2 bind the G-protein coupled receptor
kinase-interacting protein 1 (GIT1) in a
phosphorylation-dependent manner. In general SH2 domains
are involved in signal transduction. They typically bind
pTyr-containing ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr
and hydrophobic binding pocket, allowing proteins with
SH2 domains to localize to tyrosine phosphorylated
sites.
Length = 93
Score = 39.8 bits (93), Expect = 8e-05
Identities = 24/75 (32%), Positives = 38/75 (50%), Gaps = 5/75 (6%)
Query: 112 RMSRAQAEALLSGRP-DGTFLIRPSTT--GQYALSIVCSGAPKHCLVYETERGFGFAEPF 168
R++R QAE LL+ +G FLIR S + G Y++S+ G KH V + + +
Sbjct: 7 RITRHQAETLLNEHGHEGDFLIRDSESNPGDYSVSLKAPGRNKHFKVQVVDNVYCIGQ-- 64
Query: 169 NIYPSLGALVLHYAA 183
+ ++ LV HY
Sbjct: 65 RKFHTMDELVEHYKK 79
>gnl|CDD|198198 cd09945, SH2_SHB_SHD_SHE_SHF_like, Src homology 2 domain found in
SH2 domain-containing adapter proteins B, D, E, and F
(SHB, SHD, SHE, SHF). SHB, SHD, SHE, and SHF are SH2
domain-containing proteins that play various roles
throughout the cell. SHB functions in generating
signaling compounds in response to tyrosine kinase
activation. SHB contains proline-rich motifs, a
phosphotyrosine binding (PTB) domain, tyrosine
phosphorylation sites, and a SH2 domain. SHB mediates
certain aspects of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)
receptor-, fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptor-,
neural growth factor (NGF) receptor TRKA-, T cell
receptor-, interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptor- and focal
adhesion kinase- (FAK) signaling. SRC-like FYN-Related
Kinase FRK/RAK (also named BSK/IYK or GTK) and SHB
regulate apoptosis, proliferation and differentiation.
SHB promotes apoptosis and is also required for proper
mitogenicity, spreading and tubular morphogenesis in
endothelial cells. SHB also plays a role in preventing
early cavitation of embryoid bodies and reduces
differentiation to cells expressing albumin, amylase,
insulin and glucagon. SHB is a multifunctional protein
that has difference responses in different cells under
various conditions. SHE is expressed in heart, lung,
brain, and skeletal muscle, while expression of SHD is
restricted to the brain. SHF is mainly expressed in
skeletal muscle, brain, liver, prostate, testis, ovary,
small intestine, and colon. SHD may be a physiological
substrate of c-Abl and may function as an adapter
protein in the central nervous system. It is also
thought to be involved in apoptotic regulation. SHD
contains five YXXP motifs, a substrate sequence
preferred by Abl tyrosine kinases, in addition to a
poly-proline rich region and a C-terminal SH2 domain.
SHE contains two pTry protein binding domains, protein
interaction domain (PID) and a SH2 domain, followed by a
glycine-proline rich region, all of which are N-terminal
to the phosphotyrosine binding (PTB) domain. SHF
contains four putative tyrosine phosphorylation sites
and an SH2 domain. In general SH2 domains are involved
in signal transduction. They typically bind
pTyr-containing ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr
and hydrophobic binding pocket, allowing proteins with
SH2 domains to localize to tyrosine phosphorylated
sites.
Length = 98
Score = 39.3 bits (92), Expect = 1e-04
Identities = 23/80 (28%), Positives = 42/80 (52%), Gaps = 9/80 (11%)
Query: 113 MSRAQAEALLSGRPDGTFLIRPSTTGQ--YALSIVCSGAPKHCLVYETERG---FG-FAE 166
++R +AE+LL +G++L+R S + + Y+LS+ + H + E G G F+
Sbjct: 8 ITRIEAESLLRPCKEGSYLVRNSESTKQDYSLSLKSAKGFMHMRIQRNETGQYILGQFSR 67
Query: 167 PFNIYPSLGALVLHYAANSL 186
PF ++ ++ HY N L
Sbjct: 68 PF---ETIPEMIRHYCLNKL 84
>gnl|CDD|198211 cd10348, SH2_Cterm_shark_like, C-terminal Src homology 2 (SH2)
domain found in SH2 domains, ANK, and kinase domain
(shark) proteins. These non-receptor protein-tyrosine
kinases contain two SH2 domains, five ankyrin (ANK)-like
repeats, and a potential tyrosine phosphorylation site
in its carboxyl-terminal tail which resembles the
phosphorylation site in members of the src family. Like,
mammalian non-receptor protein-tyrosine kinases, ZAP-70
and syk proteins, they do not have SH3 domains. However,
the presence of ANK makes these unique among
protein-tyrosine kinases. Both tyrosine kinases and ANK
repeats have been shown to transduce developmental
signals, and SH2 domains are known to participate
intimately in tyrosine kinase signaling. These tyrosine
kinases are believed to be involved in epithelial cell
polarity. The members of this family include the shark
(SH2 domains, ANK, and kinase domain) gene in Drosophila
and yellow fever mosquitos, as well as the hydra protein
HTK16. Drosophila Shark is proposed to transduce
intracellularly the Crumbs, a protein necessary for
proper organization of ectodermal epithelia,
intercellular signal. In general SH2 domains are
involved in signal transduction. They typically bind
pTyr-containing ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr
and hydrophobic binding pocket, allowing proteins with
SH2 domains to localize to tyrosine phosphorylated
sites.
Length = 86
Score = 37.8 bits (88), Expect = 4e-04
Identities = 19/73 (26%), Positives = 33/73 (45%), Gaps = 4/73 (5%)
Query: 113 MSRAQAEALL--SGRPDGTFLIRPST--TGQYALSIVCSGAPKHCLVYETERGFGFAEPF 168
+ R +A +L DG+FL+R S G Y L++V H + + + + +
Sbjct: 7 LDRNEAVEILKQKADADGSFLVRYSRRRPGGYVLTLVYENHVYHFEIQNRDDKWFYIDDG 66
Query: 169 NIYPSLGALVLHY 181
+ SL L+ HY
Sbjct: 67 PYFESLEHLIEHY 79
>gnl|CDD|198262 cd10399, SH2_Tec_Bmx, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in Tec
protein, Bmx. A member of the Tec protein tyrosine
kinase Bmx is expressed in the endothelium of large
arteries, fetal endocardium, adult endocardium of the
left ventricle, bone marrow, lung, testis, granulocytes,
myeloid cell lines, and prostate cell lines. Bmx is
involved in the regulation of Rho and serum response
factor (SRF). Bmx has been shown to interact with PAK1,
PTK2, PTPN21, and RUFY1. Most of the Tec family members
have a PH domain (Txk and the short (type 1) splice
variant of Drosophila Btk29A are exceptions), a Tec
homology (TH) domain, a SH3 domain, a SH2 domain, and a
protein kinase catalytic domain. The TH domain consists
of a Zn2+-binding Btk motif and a proline-rich region.
The Btk motif is found in Tec kinases, Ras GAP, and
IGBP. It is crucial for the function of Tec PH domains.
It is not present in Txk and the type 1 splice form of
the Drosophila homolog. The proline-rich regions are
highly conserved for the most part with the exception of
Bmx whose residues surrounding the PXXP motif are not
conserved (TH-like) and Btk29A which is entirely unique
with large numbers of glycine residues (TH-extended).
Tec family members all lack a C-terminal tyrosine having
an autoinhibitory function in its phosphorylated state.
In general SH2 domains are involved in signal
transduction. They typically bind pTyr-containing
ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic
binding pocket, allowing proteins with SH2 domains to
localize to tyrosine phosphorylated sites.
Length = 106
Score = 38.0 bits (88), Expect = 4e-04
Identities = 26/91 (28%), Positives = 43/91 (47%), Gaps = 11/91 (12%)
Query: 105 DEKTWLV-RMSRAQAEALLSGR-PDGTFLIRPST-TGQYALSIVC------SGAPKHCLV 155
D W +SR+Q+E LL + +G F++R S+ G Y +S+ G KH V
Sbjct: 4 DAYDWFAGNISRSQSEQLLRQKGKEGAFMVRNSSQVGMYTVSLFSKAVNDKKGTVKHYHV 63
Query: 156 YET-ERGFGFAEPFNIYPSLGALVLHYAANS 185
+ E AE + + S+ L+ ++ NS
Sbjct: 64 HTNAENKLYLAENY-CFDSIPKLIHYHQHNS 93
>gnl|CDD|198188 cd09934, SH2_Tec_family, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in
Tec-like proteins. The Tec protein tyrosine kinase is
the founding member of a family that includes Btk, Itk,
Bmx, and Txk. The members have a PH domain, a
zinc-binding motif, a SH3 domain, a SH2 domain, and a
protein kinase catalytic domain. Btk is involved in
B-cell receptor signaling with mutations in Btk
responsible for X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA) in
humans and X-linked immunodeficiency (xid) in mice. Itk
is involved in T-cell receptor signaling. Tec is
expressed in both T and B cells, and is thought to
function in activated and effector T lymphocytes to
induce the expression of genes regulated by NFAT
transcription factors. In general SH2 domains are
involved in signal transduction. They typically bind
pTyr-containing ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr
and hydrophobic binding pocket, allowing proteins with
SH2 domains to localize to tyrosine phosphorylated
sites.
Length = 104
Score = 37.8 bits (88), Expect = 4e-04
Identities = 28/85 (32%), Positives = 45/85 (52%), Gaps = 9/85 (10%)
Query: 109 WLVR-MSRAQAEALL-SGRPDGTFLIRPSTT-GQYALSIV--CSGAP--KHCLVYETERG 161
W V MSR +AE+LL +G F++R S+T G Y +S+ G+P KH + + R
Sbjct: 8 WYVGDMSRQRAESLLKQEDKEGCFVVRNSSTKGLYTVSLFTKVPGSPHVKHYHIKQNARS 67
Query: 162 -FGFAEPFNIYPSLGALVLHYAANS 185
F AE + ++ L+ ++ NS
Sbjct: 68 EFYLAEKH-CFETIPELINYHQHNS 91
>gnl|CDD|198251 cd10388, SH2_SOCS7, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in
suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins. SH2
domain found in SOCS proteins. SOCS was first recognized
as a group of cytokine-inducible SH2 (CIS) domain
proteins comprising eight family members in human (CIS
and SOCS1-SOCS7). In addition to the SH2 domain, SOCS
proteins have a variable N-terminal domain and a
conserved SOCS box in the C-terminal domain. SOCS
proteins bind to a substrate via their SH2 domain. The
prototypical members, CIS and SOCS1-SOCS3, have been
shown to regulate growth hormone signaling in vitro and
in a classic negative feedback response compete for
binding at phosphotyrosine sites in JAK kinase and
receptor pathways to displace effector proteins and
target bound receptors for proteasomal degradation. Loss
of SOCS activity results in excessive cytokine signaling
associated with a variety of hematopoietic, autoimmune,
and inflammatory diseases and certain cancers. Members
(SOCS4-SOCS7) were identified by their conserved SOCS
box, an adapter motif of 3 helices that associates
substrate binding domains, such as the SOCS SH2 domain,
ankryin, and WD40 with ubiquitin ligase components.
These show limited cytokine induction. In general SH2
domains are involved in signal transduction. They
typically bind pTyr-containing ligands via two surface
pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic binding pocket, allowing
proteins with SH2 domains to localize to tyrosine
phosphorylated sites.
Length = 101
Score = 37.7 bits (88), Expect = 5e-04
Identities = 15/32 (46%), Positives = 22/32 (68%)
Query: 113 MSRAQAEALLSGRPDGTFLIRPSTTGQYALSI 144
MS AE +LS +PDG+FL+R S+ +Y S+
Sbjct: 17 MSWEDAEKVLSNKPDGSFLVRDSSDDRYIFSL 48
>gnl|CDD|198229 cd10366, SH2_Src_Yes, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in Yes.
Yes is a member of the Src non-receptor type tyrosine
kinase family of proteins. Yes is the cellular homolog
of the Yamaguchi sarcoma virus oncogene. In humans it is
encoded by the YES1 gene which maps to chromosome 18 and
is in close proximity to thymidylate synthase. A
corresponding Yes pseudogene has been found on
chromosome 22. YES1 has been shown to interact with
Janus kinase 2, CTNND1,RPL10, and Occludin. Yes1 has a
unique N-terminal domain, an SH3 domain, an SH2 domain,
a kinase domain and a regulatory tail, as do the other
members of the family. In general SH2 domains are
involved in signal transduction. They typically bind
pTyr-containing ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr
and hydrophobic binding pocket, allowing proteins with
SH2 domains to localize to tyrosine phosphorylated
sites.
Length = 101
Score = 37.7 bits (87), Expect = 5e-04
Identities = 32/99 (32%), Positives = 43/99 (43%), Gaps = 14/99 (14%)
Query: 106 EKTWLVRMSRAQAEALL--SGRPDGTFLIRPS--TTGQYALSI-----VCSGAPKHCLVY 156
E+ + +M R AE LL G G FL+R S T G Y+LSI V KH +
Sbjct: 3 EEWYFGKMGRKDAERLLLNPGNQRGIFLVRESETTKGAYSLSIRDWDEVRGDNVKHYKIR 62
Query: 157 ETERGFGFAEPFNIYPSLGALVLHYAANSLEEHNDDLIF 195
+ + G + + +L LV HY EH D L
Sbjct: 63 KLDNGGYYITTRAQFDTLQKLVKHYT-----EHADGLCH 96
>gnl|CDD|198254 cd10391, SH2_SHE, Src homology 2 domain found in SH2
domain-containing adapter protein E (SHE). SHE is
expressed in heart, lung, brain, and skeletal muscle.
SHE contains two pTry protein binding domains, protein
interaction domain (PID) and a SH2 domain, followed by a
glycine-proline rich region, all of which are N-terminal
to the phosphotyrosine binding (PTB) domain. In general
SH2 domains are involved in signal transduction. They
typically bind pTyr-containing ligands via two surface
pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic binding pocket, allowing
proteins with SH2 domains to localize to tyrosine
phosphorylated sites.
Length = 98
Score = 37.6 bits (87), Expect = 5e-04
Identities = 19/77 (24%), Positives = 43/77 (55%), Gaps = 3/77 (3%)
Query: 113 MSRAQAEALLSGRPDGTFLIRPSTTG--QYALSIVCSGAPKHCLVYET-ERGFGFAEPFN 169
+SRA+AE+ L + ++L+R S +G +Y++++ S H +V +T + + +
Sbjct: 8 ISRAEAESRLQPCKEASYLVRNSESGNSKYSIALKTSQGCVHIIVAQTKDNKYTLNQTSA 67
Query: 170 IYPSLGALVLHYAANSL 186
++ S+ +V +Y+ L
Sbjct: 68 VFDSIPEVVHYYSNEKL 84
>gnl|CDD|198230 cd10367, SH2_Src_Fgr, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in
Gardner-Rasheed feline sarcoma viral (v-fgr) oncogene
homolog, Fgr. Fgr is a member of the Src non-receptor
type tyrosine kinase family of proteins. The protein
contains N-terminal sites for myristoylation and
palmitoylation, a PTK domain, and SH2 and SH3 domains
which are involved in mediating protein-protein
interactions with phosphotyrosine-containing and
proline-rich motifs, respectively. Fgr is expressed in
B-cells and myeloid cells, localizes to plasma membrane
ruffles, and functions as a negative regulator of cell
migration and adhesion triggered by the beta-2 integrin
signal transduction pathway. Multiple alternatively
spliced variants, encoding the same protein, have been
identified Fgr has been shown to interact with
Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein. Fgr has a unique
N-terminal domain, an SH3 domain, an SH2 domain, a
kinase domain and a regulatory tail, as do the other
members of the family. In general SH2 domains are
involved in signal transduction. They typically bind
pTyr-containing ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr
and hydrophobic binding pocket, allowing proteins with
SH2 domains to localize to tyrosine phosphorylated
sites.
Length = 101
Score = 36.8 bits (85), Expect = 0.001
Identities = 19/43 (44%), Positives = 24/43 (55%), Gaps = 4/43 (9%)
Query: 106 EKTWLVRMSRAQAEALL--SGRPDGTFLIRPS--TTGQYALSI 144
E+ + ++ R AE L G P G FLIR S T G Y+LSI
Sbjct: 3 EEWYFGKIGRKDAERQLLSPGNPRGAFLIRESETTKGAYSLSI 45
>gnl|CDD|198223 cd10360, SH2_Srm, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in Src-related
kinase lacking C-terminal regulatory tyrosine and
N-terminal myristoylation sites (srm). Srm is a
nonreceptor protein kinase that has two SH2 domains, a
SH3 domain, and a kinase domain with a tyrosine residue
for autophosphorylation. However it lacks an N-terminal
glycine for myristoylation and a C-terminal tyrosine
which suppresses kinase activity when phosphorylated.
Srm is most similar to members of the Tec family who
other members include: Tec, Btk/Emb, and Itk/Tsk/Emt.
However Srm differs in its N-terminal unique domain it
being much smaller than in the Tec family and is closer
to Src. Srm is thought to be a new family of nonreceptor
tyrosine kinases that may be redundant in function. In
general SH2 domains are involved in signal transduction.
They typically bind pTyr-containing ligands via two
surface pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic binding pocket,
allowing proteins with SH2 domains to localize to
tyrosine phosphorylated sites.
Length = 79
Score = 36.1 bits (83), Expect = 0.001
Identities = 24/73 (32%), Positives = 37/73 (50%), Gaps = 4/73 (5%)
Query: 113 MSRAQAEALLSGRPD--GTFLIRPSTT--GQYALSIVCSGAPKHCLVYETERGFGFAEPF 168
+SR QA+ LL P+ G FLIRPS + G Y+LS+ H + G + +
Sbjct: 7 ISRTQAQQLLLSPPNEPGAFLIRPSESSLGGYSLSVRAQAKVCHYRICMAPSGSLYLQKG 66
Query: 169 NIYPSLGALVLHY 181
++P L L+ +Y
Sbjct: 67 RLFPGLEELLAYY 79
>gnl|CDD|198250 cd10387, SH2_SOCS6, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in
suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins. SH2
domain found in SOCS proteins. SOCS was first recognized
as a group of cytokine-inducible SH2 (CIS) domain
proteins comprising eight family members in human (CIS
and SOCS1-SOCS7). In addition to the SH2 domain, SOCS
proteins have a variable N-terminal domain and a
conserved SOCS box in the C-terminal domain. SOCS
proteins bind to a substrate via their SH2 domain. The
prototypical members, CIS and SOCS1-SOCS3, have been
shown to regulate growth hormone signaling in vitro and
in a classic negative feedback response compete for
binding at phosphotyrosine sites in JAK kinase and
receptor pathways to displace effector proteins and
target bound receptors for proteasomal degradation. Loss
of SOCS activity results in excessive cytokine signaling
associated with a variety of hematopoietic, autoimmune,
and inflammatory diseases and certain cancers. Members
(SOCS4-SOCS7) were identified by their conserved SOCS
box, an adapter motif of 3 helices that associates
substrate binding domains, such as the SOCS SH2 domain,
ankryin, and WD40 with ubiquitin ligase components.
These show limited cytokine induction. In general SH2
domains are involved in signal transduction. They
typically bind pTyr-containing ligands via two surface
pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic binding pocket, allowing
proteins with SH2 domains to localize to tyrosine
phosphorylated sites.
Length = 100
Score = 36.4 bits (84), Expect = 0.001
Identities = 22/73 (30%), Positives = 38/73 (52%), Gaps = 4/73 (5%)
Query: 112 RMSRAQAEALLSGRPDGTFLIRPSTTGQY--ALSIVCSGAPKHCLVYETERGFGFAEPFN 169
++R +AE L+ PDG+FL+R S+ +Y +LS G H + + F F E +
Sbjct: 16 PITRWEAEGKLANVPDGSFLVRDSSDDRYLLSLSFRSHGKTLHTRIEHSNGRFSFYEQPD 75
Query: 170 I--YPSLGALVLH 180
+ + S+ L+ H
Sbjct: 76 VEGHTSIVDLIEH 88
>gnl|CDD|198219 cd10356, SH2_ShkA_ShkC, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in SH2
domain-bearing protein kinases A and C (ShkA and ShkC).
SH2-bearing genes cloned from Dictyostelium include two
transcription factors, STATa and STATc, and a signaling
factor, SHK1 (shkA). A database search of the
Dictyostelium discoideum genome revealed two additional
putative STAT sequences, dd-STATb and dd-STATd, and four
additional putative SHK genes, dd-SHK2 (shkB), dd-SHK3
(shkC), dd-SHK4 (shkD), and dd-SHK5 (shkE). This model
contains members of shkA and shkC. All of the SHK
members are most closely related to the protein kinases
found in plants. However these kinases in plants are
not conjugated to any SH2 or SH2-like sequences.
Alignment data indicates that the SHK SH2 domains carry
some features of the STAT SH2 domains in Dictyostelium.
When STATc's linker domain was used for a BLAST search,
the sequence between the protein kinase domain and the
SH2 domain (the linker) of SHK was recovered, suggesting
a close relationship among these molecules within this
region. SHK's linker domain is predicted to contain an
alpha-helix which is indeed homologous to that of STAT.
Based on the phylogenetic alignment, SH2 domains can be
grouped into two categories, STAT-type and Src-type. SHK
family members are in between, but are closer to the
STAT-type which indicates a close relationship between
SHK and STAT families in their SH2 domains and further
supports the notion that SHKs linker-SH2 domain evolved
from STAT or STATL (STAT-like Linker-SH2) domain found
in plants. In SHK, STAT, and SPT6, the linker-SH2
domains all reside exclusively in the C-terminal
regions. In general SH2 domains are involved in signal
transduction. They typically bind pTyr-containing
ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic
binding pocket, allowing proteins with SH2 domains to
localize to tyrosine phosphorylated sites.
Length = 113
Score = 36.4 bits (84), Expect = 0.002
Identities = 17/43 (39%), Positives = 27/43 (62%), Gaps = 3/43 (6%)
Query: 113 MSRAQAEALLSGRPDGTFLIRPSTT--GQYALSIVCSGAP-KH 152
+S +++E L+G+P+GTFL+R ST+ G Y +S V H
Sbjct: 17 ISTSESENRLNGKPEGTFLVRFSTSEPGAYTISKVSKNGGISH 59
>gnl|CDD|198174 cd09918, SH2_Nterm_SPT6_like, N-terminal Src homology 2 (SH2)
domain found in Spt6. N-terminal SH2 domain in Spt6.
Spt6 is an essential transcription elongation factor and
histone chaperone that binds the C-terminal repeat
domain (CTD) of RNA polymerase II. Spt6 contains a
tandem SH2 domain with a novel structure and CTD-binding
mode. The tandem SH2 domain binds to a serine
2-phosphorylated CTD peptide in vitro, whereas its
N-terminal SH2 subdomain does not. CTD binding requires
a positively charged crevice in the C-terminal SH2
subdomain, which lacks the canonical phospho-binding
pocket of SH2 domains. The tandem SH2 domain is
apparently required for transcription elongation in vivo
as its deletion in cells is lethal in the presence of
6-azauracil. In general SH2 domains are involved in
signal transduction. They typically bind
pTyr-containing ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr
and hydrophobic binding pocket, allowing proteins with
SH2 domains to localize to tyrosine phosphorylated
sites.
Length = 85
Score = 35.7 bits (83), Expect = 0.002
Identities = 17/56 (30%), Positives = 28/56 (50%), Gaps = 3/56 (5%)
Query: 113 MSRAQAEALLSGRPDGTFLIRPSTTGQYALSI---VCSGAPKHCLVYETERGFGFA 165
++ QAEA L + G +IRPS+ G L++ V G +H + E + F+
Sbjct: 8 VNYKQAEAYLKSKDVGEVVIRPSSKGVDHLTVTWKVADGVYQHIDIEELNKENPFS 63
>gnl|CDD|198217 cd10354, SH2_Cterm_RasGAP, C-terminal Src homology 2 (SH2) domain
found in Ras GTPase-activating protein 1 (GAP). RasGAP
is part of the GAP1 family of GTPase-activating
proteins. The protein is located in the cytoplasm and
stimulates the GTPase activity of normal RAS p21, but
not its oncogenic counterpart. Acting as a suppressor of
RAS function, the protein enhances the weak intrinsic
GTPase activity of RAS proteins resulting in RAS
inactivation, thereby allowing control of cellular
proliferation and differentiation. Mutations leading to
changes in the binding sites of either protein are
associated with basal cell carcinomas. Alternative
splicing results in two isoforms. The shorter isoform
which lacks the N-terminal hydrophobic region, has the
same activity, and is expressed in placental tissues.
In general longer isoform contains 2 SH2 domains, a SH3
domain, a pleckstrin homology (PH) domain, and a
calcium-dependent phospholipid-binding C2 domain. The
C-terminus contains the catalytic domain of RasGap which
catalyzes the activation of Ras by hydrolyzing GTP-bound
active Ras into an inactive GDP-bound form of Ras. This
model contains the C-terminal SH2 domain. In general SH2
domains are involved in signal transduction. They
typically bind pTyr-containing ligands via two surface
pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic binding pocket, allowing
proteins with SH2 domains to localize to tyrosine
phosphorylated sites.
Length = 77
Score = 35.5 bits (82), Expect = 0.002
Identities = 21/73 (28%), Positives = 33/73 (45%), Gaps = 4/73 (5%)
Query: 112 RMSRAQAEALL-SGRPDGTFLIRPS--TTGQYALSIVCSGAPKHCLVYETERGFGFAEPF 168
++SR +A +L G+FL+R S T G Y+LS + KH + T F
Sbjct: 6 KISREEAYNMLVKVGGPGSFLVRESDNTPGDYSLSFRVNEGIKHFKIIPTGNN-QFMMGG 64
Query: 169 NIYPSLGALVLHY 181
+ SL ++ Y
Sbjct: 65 RYFSSLDDVIDRY 77
>gnl|CDD|198180 cd09926, SH2_CRK_like, Src homology 2 domain found in
cancer-related signaling adaptor protein CRK. SH2
domain in the CRK proteins. CRKI (SH2-SH3) and CRKII
(SH2-SH3-SH3) are splicing isoforms of the oncoprotein
CRK. CRKs regulate transcription and cytoskeletal
reorganization for cell growth and motility by linking
tyrosine kinases to small G proteins. The SH2 domain of
CRK associates with tyrosine-phosphorylated receptors or
components of focal adhesions, such as p130Cas and
paxillin. CRK transmits signals to small G proteins
through effectors that bind its SH3 domain, such as C3G,
the guanine-nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for Rap1
and R-Ras, and DOCK180, the GEF for Rac6. The binding of
p130Cas to the CRK-C3G complex activates Rap1, leading
to regulation of cell adhesion, and activates R-Ras,
leading to JNK-mediated activation of cell
proliferation, whereas the binding of CRK DOCK180
induces Rac1-mediated activation of cellular migration.
The activity of the different splicing isoforms varies
greatly with CRKI displaying substantial transforming
activity, CRKII less so, and phosphorylated CRKII with
no biological activity whatsoever. CRKII has a linker
region with a phosphorylated Tyr and an additional
C-terminal SH3 domain. The phosphorylated Tyr creates a
binding site for its SH2 domain which disrupts the
association between CRK and its SH2 target proteins. In
general SH2 domains are involved in signal transduction.
They typically bind pTyr-containing ligands via two
surface pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic binding pocket,
allowing proteins with SH2 domains to localize to
tyrosine phosphorylated sites.
Length = 106
Score = 35.9 bits (83), Expect = 0.002
Identities = 19/43 (44%), Positives = 26/43 (60%), Gaps = 3/43 (6%)
Query: 105 DEKTWLV-RMSRAQAEALLSGRPDGTFLIRPSTT--GQYALSI 144
D +W MSR +A+ LL G+ G FL+R S+T G Y LS+
Sbjct: 5 DRSSWYFGPMSRQEAQELLQGQRHGVFLVRDSSTIPGDYVLSV 47
>gnl|CDD|198248 cd10385, SH2_SOCS4, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in suppressor
of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins. SH2 domain found
in SOCS proteins. SOCS was first recognized as a group
of cytokine-inducible SH2 (CIS) domain proteins
comprising eight family members in human (CIS and
SOCS1-SOCS7). In addition to the SH2 domain, SOCS
proteins have a variable N-terminal domain and a
conserved SOCS box in the C-terminal domain. SOCS
proteins bind to a substrate via their SH2 domain. The
prototypical members, CIS and SOCS1-SOCS3, have been
shown to regulate growth hormone signaling in vitro and
in a classic negative feedback response compete for
binding at phosphotyrosine sites in JAK kinase and
receptor pathways to displace effector proteins and
target bound receptors for proteasomal degradation. Loss
of SOCS activity results in excessive cytokine signaling
associated with a variety of hematopoietic, autoimmune,
and inflammatory diseases and certain cancers. Members
(SOCS4-SOCS7) were identified by their conserved SOCS
box, an adapter motif of 3 helices that associates
substrate binding domains, such as the SOCS SH2 domain,
ankryin, and WD40 with ubiquitin ligase components.
These show limited cytokine induction. In general SH2
domains are involved in signal transduction. They
typically bind pTyr-containing ligands via two surface
pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic binding pocket, allowing
proteins with SH2 domains to localize to tyrosine
phosphorylated sites.
Length = 101
Score = 35.8 bits (82), Expect = 0.002
Identities = 16/32 (50%), Positives = 21/32 (65%)
Query: 113 MSRAQAEALLSGRPDGTFLIRPSTTGQYALSI 144
M + AEALL G+P+GTFL+R S Y S+
Sbjct: 17 MDKYAAEALLEGKPEGTFLLRDSAQEDYLFSV 48
>gnl|CDD|198231 cd10368, SH2_Src_Fyn, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in Fyn.
Fyn is a member of the Src non-receptor type tyrosine
kinase family of proteins. Fyn is involved in the
control of cell growth and is required in the following
pathways: T and B cell receptor signaling,
integrin-mediated signaling, growth factor and cytokine
receptor signaling, platelet activation, ion channel
function, cell adhesion, axon guidance, fertilization,
entry into mitosis, and differentiation of natural
killer cells, oligodendrocytes and keratinocytes. The
protein associates with the p85 subunit of
phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and interacts with the
Fyn-binding protein. Alternatively spliced transcript
variants encoding distinct isoforms exist. Fyn is
primarily localized to the cytoplasmic leaflet of the
plasma membrane. Tyrosine phosphorylation of target
proteins by Fyn serves to either regulate target protein
activity, and/or to generate a binding site on the
target protein that recruits other signaling molecules.
FYN has been shown to interact with a number of proteins
including: BCAR1, Cbl, Janus kinase, nephrin, Sky,
tyrosine kinase, Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein, and
Zap-70. Fyn has a unique N-terminal domain, an SH3
domain, an SH2 domain, a kinase domain and a regulatory
tail, as do the other members of the family. In general
SH2 domains are involved in signal transduction. They
typically bind pTyr-containing ligands via two surface
pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic binding pocket, allowing
proteins with SH2 domains to localize to tyrosine
phosphorylated sites.
Length = 101
Score = 35.8 bits (82), Expect = 0.003
Identities = 30/86 (34%), Positives = 43/86 (50%), Gaps = 9/86 (10%)
Query: 106 EKTWLVRMSRAQAE-ALLS-GRPDGTFLIRPS--TTGQYALSI-----VCSGAPKHCLVY 156
E+ + ++ R AE LLS G P GTFLIR S T G Y+LSI + KH +
Sbjct: 3 EEWYFGKLGRKDAERQLLSFGNPRGTFLIRESETTKGAYSLSIRDWDDMKGDHVKHYKIR 62
Query: 157 ETERGFGFAEPFNIYPSLGALVLHYA 182
+ + G + + +L LV HY+
Sbjct: 63 KLDNGGYYITTRAQFETLQQLVQHYS 88
>gnl|CDD|198282 cd10419, SH2_Src_Fyn_isoform_b_like, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain
found in Fyn isoform b like proteins. Fyn is a member
of the Src non-receptor type tyrosine kinase family of
proteins. This cd contains the SH2 domain found in Fyn
isoform b type proteins. Fyn is involved in the control
of cell growth and is required in the following
pathways: T and B cell receptor signaling,
integrin-mediated signaling, growth factor and cytokine
receptor signaling, platelet activation, ion channel
function, cell adhesion, axon guidance, fertilization,
entry into mitosis, and differentiation of natural
killer cells, oligodendrocytes and keratinocytes. The
protein associates with the p85 subunit of
phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and interacts with the
Fyn-binding protein. Alternatively spliced transcript
variants encoding distinct isoforms exist. Fyn is
primarily localized to the cytoplasmic leaflet of the
plasma membrane. Tyrosine phosphorylation of target
proteins by Fyn serves to either regulate target protein
activity, and/or to generate a binding site on the
target protein that recruits other signaling molecules.
FYN has been shown to interact with a number of proteins
including: BCAR1, Cbl, Janus kinase, nephrin, Sky,
tyrosine kinase, Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein, and
Zap-70. Fyn has a unique N-terminal domain, an SH3
domain, an SH2 domain, a kinase domain and a regulatory
tail, as do the other members of the family. In general
SH2 domains are involved in signal transduction. They
typically bind pTyr-containing ligands via two surface
pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic binding pocket, allowing
proteins with SH2 domains to localize to tyrosine
phosphorylated sites.
Length = 101
Score = 35.4 bits (81), Expect = 0.003
Identities = 34/99 (34%), Positives = 46/99 (46%), Gaps = 15/99 (15%)
Query: 107 KTWLV-RMSRAQAE-ALLS-GRPDGTFLIRPS--TTGQYALSI-----VCSGAPKHCLVY 156
+ W ++ R AE LLS G P GTFLIR S T G Y+LSI + KH +
Sbjct: 3 EEWYFGKLGRKDAERQLLSFGNPRGTFLIRESETTKGAYSLSIRDWDDMKGDHVKHYKIR 62
Query: 157 ETERGFGFAEPFNIYPSLGALVLHYAANSLEEHNDDLIF 195
+ + G + + +L LV HY+ E D L F
Sbjct: 63 KLDNGGYYITTRAQFETLQQLVQHYS-----EKADGLCF 96
>gnl|CDD|198199 cd09946, SH2_HSH2_like, Src homology 2 domain found in
hematopoietic SH2 (HSH2) protein. HSH2 is thought to
function as an adapter protein involved in tyrosine
kinase signaling. It may also be involved in regulating
cytokine signaling and cytoskeletal reorganization in
hematopoietic cells. HSH2 contains several putative
protein-binding motifs, SH3-binding proline-rich
regions, and phosphotyrosine sites, but lacks enzymatic
motifs. HSH2 was found to interact with
cytokine-regulated tyrosine kinase c-FES and an
activated Cdc42-associated tyrosine kinase ACK1. HSH2
binds c-FES through both its C-terminal region and its
N-terminal region including the SH2 domain and binds
ACK1 via its N-terminal proline-rich region. Both
kinases bound and tyrosine-phosphorylated HSH2 in
mammalian cells. In general SH2 domains are involved in
signal transduction. They typically bind pTyr-containing
ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic
binding pocket, allowing proteins with SH2 domains to
localize to tyrosine phosphorylated sites.
Length = 102
Score = 34.9 bits (80), Expect = 0.005
Identities = 26/83 (31%), Positives = 39/83 (46%), Gaps = 2/83 (2%)
Query: 113 MSRAQAEALLSGRPDGTFLIRPSTTG-QYALSIVCSGAPKHCLVYETERG-FGFAEPFNI 170
+SR AE +L +P G+FLIR S + Y LS + +H +V + G F
Sbjct: 14 ISREAAENMLESQPLGSFLIRVSHSHVGYTLSYKAQSSCRHFMVKLLDDGTFMIPGEKVA 73
Query: 171 YPSLGALVLHYAANSLEEHNDDL 193
+ SL ALV + +E + L
Sbjct: 74 HTSLHALVTFHQQKPIEPRRELL 96
>gnl|CDD|198203 cd10340, SH2_N-SH2_SHP_like, N-terminal Src homology 2 (N-SH2)
domain found in SH2 domain Phosphatases (SHP) proteins.
The SH2 domain phosphatases (SHP-1, SHP-2/Syp,
Drosophila corkscrew (csw), and Caenorhabditis elegans
Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase (Ptp-2)) are cytoplasmic
signaling enzymes. They are both targeted and regulated
by interactions of their SH2 domains with
phosphotyrosine docking sites. These proteins contain
two SH2 domains (N-SH2, C-SH2) followed by a tyrosine
phosphatase (PTP) domain, and a C-terminal extension.
Shp1 and Shp2 have two tyrosyl phosphorylation sites in
their C-tails, which are phosphorylated differentially
by receptor and nonreceptor PTKs. Csw retains the
proximal tyrosine and Ptp-2 lacks both sites.
Shp-binding proteins include receptors, scaffolding
adapters, and inhibitory receptors. Some of these bind
both Shp1 and Shp2 while others bind only one. Most
proteins that bind a Shp SH2 domain contain one or more
immuno-receptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs
(ITIMs): [IVL]xpYxx[IVL]. Shp1 N-SH2 domain blocks the
catalytic domain and keeps the enzyme in the inactive
conformation, and is thus believed to regulate the
phosphatase activity of SHP-1. Its C-SH2 domain is
thought to be involved in searching for phosphotyrosine
activators. The SHP2 N-SH2 domain is a conformational
switch; it either binds and inhibits the phosphatase, or
it binds phosphoproteins and activates the enzyme. The
C-SH2 domain contributes binding energy and specificity,
but it does not have a direct role in activation. Csw
SH2 domain function is essential, but either SH2 domain
can fulfill this requirement. The role of the csw SH2
domains during Sevenless receptor tyrosine kinase (SEV)
signaling is to bind Daughter of Sevenless rather than
activated SEV. Ptp-2 acts in oocytes downstream of
sheath/oocyte gap junctions to promote major sperm
protein (MSP)-induced MAP Kinase (MPK-1)
phosphorylation. Ptp-2 functions in the oocyte
cytoplasm, not at the cell surface to inhibit multiple
RasGAPs, resulting in sustained Ras activation. It is
thought that MSP triggers PTP-2/Ras activation and ROS
production to stimulate MPK-1 activity essential for
oocyte maturation and that secreted MSP domains and
Cu/Zn superoxide dismutases function antagonistically to
control ROS and MAPK signaling. In general SH2 domains
are involved in signal transduction. They typically bind
pTyr-containing ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr
and hydrophobic binding pocket, allowing proteins with
SH2 domains to localize to tyrosine phosphorylated
sites.
Length = 99
Score = 34.3 bits (79), Expect = 0.009
Identities = 27/85 (31%), Positives = 37/85 (43%), Gaps = 6/85 (7%)
Query: 117 QAEALLSGR-PDGTFLIRPS--TTGQYALSIVCSGAPKHCLVYETERGFGFAEPFNIYPS 173
+AE LL R DG+FL RPS G + LS+ H + T + + +
Sbjct: 11 EAENLLKTRGVDGSFLARPSKSNPGDFTLSVRRGDEVTHIKIQNTGDYYDLYGG-EKFAT 69
Query: 174 LGALVLHYAANS--LEEHNDDLIFL 196
L LV +Y L E N D+I L
Sbjct: 70 LSELVQYYMEQHGQLREKNGDVIEL 94
>gnl|CDD|198234 cd10371, SH2_Src_Blk, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in B
lymphoid kinase (Blk). Blk is a member of the Src
non-receptor type tyrosine kinase family of proteins.
Blk is expressed in the B-cells. Unlike most other Src
members Blk lacks cysteine residues in the SH4 domain
that undergo palmitylation. Blk is required for the
development of IL-17-producing gamma-delta T cells.
Furthermore, Blk is expressed in lymphoid precursors
and, in this capacity, plays a role in regulating thymus
cellularity during ontogeny. Blk has a unique N-terminal
domain, an SH3 domain, an SH2 domain, a kinase domain
and a regulatory tail, as do the other members of the
family. In general SH2 domains are involved in signal
transduction. They typically bind pTyr-containing
ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic
binding pocket, allowing proteins with SH2 domains to
localize to tyrosine phosphorylated sites.
Length = 100
Score = 34.2 bits (78), Expect = 0.009
Identities = 26/83 (31%), Positives = 37/83 (44%), Gaps = 9/83 (10%)
Query: 109 WLVR-MSRAQAEALLSG--RPDGTFLIRPSTTGQYALSIVCSGAP------KHCLVYETE 159
W R +SR AE L G+FLIR S + + A S+ KH + +
Sbjct: 5 WFFRTISRKDAERQLLAPMNKAGSFLIRESESNKGAFSLSVKDVTTQGEVVKHYKIRSLD 64
Query: 160 RGFGFAEPFNIYPSLGALVLHYA 182
G + P +P+L ALV HY+
Sbjct: 65 NGGYYISPRITFPTLQALVQHYS 87
>gnl|CDD|198253 cd10390, SH2_SHD, Src homology 2 domain found in SH2
domain-containing adapter proteins D (SHD). The
expression of SHD is restricted to the brain. SHD may be
a physiological substrate of c-Abl and may function as
an adapter protein in the central nervous system. It is
also thought to be involved in apoptotic regulation. SHD
contains five YXXP motifs, a substrate sequence
preferred by Abl tyrosine kinases, in addition to a
poly-proline rich region and a C-terminal SH2 domain. In
general SH2 domains are involved in signal transduction.
They typically bind pTyr-containing ligands via two
surface pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic binding pocket,
allowing proteins with SH2 domains to localize to
tyrosine phosphorylated sites.
Length = 98
Score = 33.5 bits (76), Expect = 0.013
Identities = 27/77 (35%), Positives = 39/77 (50%), Gaps = 3/77 (3%)
Query: 113 MSRAQAEALLSGRPDGTFLIRPSTTGQY--ALSIVCSGAPKHCLVYET-ERGFGFAEPFN 169
+SRA AE LLS +G++L+R S T +LS+ S H T E +
Sbjct: 8 LSRADAENLLSLCKEGSYLVRLSETRPQDCSLSLRSSQGFLHLKFARTRENQVVLGQHSG 67
Query: 170 IYPSLGALVLHYAANSL 186
+PS+ LVLHY++ L
Sbjct: 68 PFPSVPELVLHYSSRPL 84
>gnl|CDD|198227 cd10364, SH2_Src_Lyn, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in Lyn.
Lyn is a member of the Src non-receptor type tyrosine
kinase family of proteins and is expressed in the
hematopoietic cells, in neural tissues, liver, and
adipose tissue. There are two alternatively spliced
forms of Lyn. Lyn plays an inhibitory role in myeloid
lineage proliferation. Following engagement of the B
cell receptors, Lyn undergoes rapid phosphorylation and
activation, triggering a cascade of signaling events
mediated by Lyn phosphorylation of tyrosine residues
within the immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation
motifs (ITAM) of the receptor proteins, and subsequent
recruitment and activation of other kinases including
Syk, phospholipase C2 (PLC2) and phosphatidyl inositol-3
kinase. These kinases play critical roles in
proliferation, Ca2+ mobilization and cell
differentiation. Lyn plays an essential role in the
transmission of inhibitory signals through
phosphorylation of tyrosine residues within the
immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs (ITIM)
in regulatory proteins such as CD22, PIR-B and FC RIIb1.
Their ITIM phosphorylation subsequently leads to
recruitment and activation of phosphatases such as
SHIP-1 and SHP-1 which further down modulate signaling
pathways, attenuate cell activation and can mediate
tolerance. Lyn also plays a role in the insulin
signaling pathway. Activated Lyn phosphorylates insulin
receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) leading to an increase in
translocation of Glut-4 to the cell membrane and
increased glucose utilization. It is the primary Src
family member involved in signaling downstream of the B
cell receptor. Lyn plays an unusual, 2-fold role in B
cell receptor signaling; it is essential for initiation
of signaling but is also later involved in negative
regulation of the signal. Lyn has a unique N-terminal
domain, an SH3 domain, an SH2 domain, a kinase domain
and a regulatory tail, as do the other members of the
family. In general SH2 domains are involved in signal
transduction. They typically bind pTyr-containing
ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic
binding pocket, allowing proteins with SH2 domains to
localize to tyrosine phosphorylated sites.
Length = 101
Score = 33.4 bits (76), Expect = 0.017
Identities = 22/77 (28%), Positives = 33/77 (42%), Gaps = 7/77 (9%)
Query: 116 AQAEALLSGRPDGTFLIRPSTT--GQYALSI-----VCSGAPKHCLVYETERGFGFAEPF 168
A+ + L G G FLIR S T G Y+LS+ KH + + G + P
Sbjct: 15 AERQLLAPGNSAGAFLIRESETLKGSYSLSVRDYDPQHGDVIKHYKIRSLDNGGYYISPR 74
Query: 169 NIYPSLGALVLHYAANS 185
+P + ++ HY S
Sbjct: 75 ITFPCISDMIKHYQKQS 91
>gnl|CDD|198281 cd10418, SH2_Src_Fyn_isoform_a_like, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain
found in Fyn isoform a like proteins. Fyn is a member
of the Src non-receptor type tyrosine kinase family of
proteins. This cd contains the SH2 domain found in Fyn
isoform a type proteins. Fyn is involved in the control
of cell growth and is required in the following
pathways: T and B cell receptor signaling,
integrin-mediated signaling, growth factor and cytokine
receptor signaling, platelet activation, ion channel
function, cell adhesion, axon guidance, fertilization,
entry into mitosis, and differentiation of natural
killer cells, oligodendrocytes and keratinocytes. The
protein associates with the p85 subunit of
phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and interacts with the
Fyn-binding protein. Alternatively spliced transcript
variants encoding distinct isoforms exist. Fyn is
primarily localized to the cytoplasmic leaflet of the
plasma membrane. Tyrosine phosphorylation of target
proteins by Fyn serves to either regulate target protein
activity, and/or to generate a binding site on the
target protein that recruits other signaling molecules.
FYN has been shown to interact with a number of proteins
including: BCAR1, Cbl, Janus kinase, nephrin, Sky,
tyrosine kinase, Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein, and
Zap-70. Fyn has a unique N-terminal domain, an SH3
domain, an SH2 domain, a kinase domain and a regulatory
tail, as do the other members of the family. In general
SH2 domains are involved in signal transduction. They
typically bind pTyr-containing ligands via two surface
pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic binding pocket, allowing
proteins with SH2 domains to localize to tyrosine
phosphorylated sites.
Length = 101
Score = 33.4 bits (76), Expect = 0.017
Identities = 30/89 (33%), Positives = 44/89 (49%), Gaps = 9/89 (10%)
Query: 106 EKTWLVRMSRAQAE-ALLS-GRPDGTFLIRPS--TTGQYALSI-----VCSGAPKHCLVY 156
E+ + ++ R AE LLS G P GTFLIR S T G Y+LSI + KH +
Sbjct: 3 EEWYFGKLGRKDAERQLLSFGNPRGTFLIRESETTKGAYSLSIRDWDDMKGDHVKHYKIR 62
Query: 157 ETERGFGFAEPFNIYPSLGALVLHYAANS 185
+ + G + + +L LV HY+ +
Sbjct: 63 KLDNGGYYITTRAQFETLQQLVQHYSERA 91
>gnl|CDD|198228 cd10365, SH2_Src_Src, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in tyrosine
kinase sarcoma (Src). Src is a member of the Src
non-receptor type tyrosine kinase family of proteins.
Src is thought to play a role in the regulation of
embryonic development and cell growth. Members here
include v-Src and c-Src. v-Src lacks the C-terminal
inhibitory phosphorylation site and is therefore
constitutively active as opposed to normal cellular src
(c-Src) which is only activated under certain
circumstances where it is required (e.g. growth factor
signaling). v-Src is an oncogene whereas c-Src is a
proto-oncogene. c-Src consists of three domains, an
N-terminal SH3 domain, a central SH2 domain and a
tyrosine kinase domain. The SH2 and SH3 domains work
together in the auto-inhibition of the kinase domain.
The phosphorylation of an inhibitory tyrosine near the
c-terminus of the protein produces a binding site for
the SH2 domain which then facilitates binding of the SH3
domain to a polyproline site within the linker between
the SH2 domain and the kinase domain. Binding of the SH3
domain inactivates the enzyme. This allows for multiple
mechanisms for c-Src activation: dephosphorylation of
the C-terminal tyrosine by a protein tyrosine
phosphatase, binding of the SH2 domain by a competitive
phospho-tyrosine residue, or competitive binding of a
polyproline binding site to the SH3 domain. Unlike most
other Src members Src lacks cysteine residues in the SH4
domain that undergo palmitylation. Serine and threonine
phosphorylation sites have also been identified in the
unique domains of Src and are believed to modulate
protein-protein interactions or regulate catalytic
activity. Alternatively spliced forms of Src, which
contain 6- or 11-amino acid insertions in the SH3
domain, are expressed in CNS neurons. c-Src has a unique
N-terminal domain, an SH3 domain, an SH2 domain, a
kinase domain and a regulatory tail, as do the other
members of the family. In general SH2 domains are
involved in signal transduction. They typically bind
pTyr-containing ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr
and hydrophobic binding pocket, allowing proteins with
SH2 domains to localize to tyrosine phosphorylated
sites.
Length = 101
Score = 33.1 bits (75), Expect = 0.019
Identities = 28/97 (28%), Positives = 45/97 (46%), Gaps = 14/97 (14%)
Query: 106 EKTWLVRMSRAQAEALLSG--RPDGTFLIRPS--TTGQYALSIVCSGAP-----KHCLVY 156
E+ + +++R ++E LL P GTFL+R S T G Y LS+ KH +
Sbjct: 3 EEWYFGKITRRESERLLLNAENPRGTFLVRESETTKGAYCLSVSDFDNAKGLNVKHYKIR 62
Query: 157 ETERGFGFAEPFNIYPSLGALVLHYAANSLEEHNDDL 193
+ + G + + SL LV +Y+ +H D L
Sbjct: 63 KLDSGGFYITSRTQFNSLQQLVAYYS-----KHADGL 94
>gnl|CDD|198175 cd09919, SH2_STAT_family, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in
signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)
family. STAT proteins mediate the signaling of
cytokines and a number of growth factors from the
receptors of these extracellular signaling molecules to
the cell nucleus. STATs are specifically phosphorylated
by receptor-associated Janus kinases, receptor tyrosine
kinases, or cytoplasmic tyrosine kinases. The
phosphorylated STAT molecules dimerize by reciprocal
binding of their SH2 domains to the phosphotyrosine
residues. These dimeric STATs translocate into the
nucleus, bind to specific DNA sequences, and regulate
the transcription of their target genes. However there
are a number of unphosphorylated STATs that travel
between the cytoplasm and nucleus and some STATs that
exist as dimers in unstimulated cells that can exert
biological functions independent of being activated by a
receptor. There are seven mammalian STAT family members
which have been identified: STAT1, STAT2, STAT3, STAT4,
STAT5 (STAT5A and STAT5B), and STAT6. There are 6
conserved domains in STAT: N-terminal domain (NTD),
coiled-coil domain (CCD), DNA-binding domain (DBD),
alpha-helical linker domain (LD), SH2 domain, and
transactivation domain (TAD). NTD is involved in
dimerization of unphosphorylated STATs monomers and for
the tetramerization between STAT1, STAT3, STAT4 and
STAT5 on promoters with two or more tandem STAT binding
sites. It also plays a role in promoting interactions
with transcriptional co-activators such as CREB binding
protein (CBP)/p300, as well as being important for
nuclear import and deactivation of STATs involving
tyrosine de-phosphorylation. The CCD interacts with
other proteins, such as IFN regulatory protein 9
(IRF-9/p48) with STAT1 and c-JUN with STAT3 and is also
thought to participate in the negative regulation of
these proteins. Distinct genes are bound to STATs via
their DBD domain. This domain is also involved in
nuclear translocation of activated STAT1 and STAT3
phosphorylated dimers upon cytokine stimulation. LD
links the DNA-binding and SH2 domains and is important
for the transcriptional activation of STAT1 in response
to IFN-gamma. It also plays a role in protein-protein
interactions and has also been implicated in the
constitutive nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of
unphosphorylated STATs in resting cells. The SH2 domain
is necessary for receptor association and tyrosine
phosphodimer formation. Residues within this domain may
be particularly important for some cellular functions
mediated by the STATs as well as residues adjacent to
this domain. The TAD interacts with several proteins,
namely minichromosome maintenance complex component 5
(MCM5), breast cancer 1 (BRCA1) and CBP/p300. TAD also
contains a modulatory phosphorylation site that
regulates STAT activity and is necessary for maximal
transcription of a number of target genes. The conserved
tyrosine residue present in the C-terminus is crucial
for dimerization via interaction with the SH2 domain
upon the interaction of the ligand with the receptor.
STAT activation by tyrosine phosphorylation also
determines nuclear import and retention, DNA binding to
specific DNA elements in the promoters of responsive
genes, and transcriptional activation of STAT dimers. In
addition to the SH2 domain there is a coiled-coil
domain, a DNA binding domain, and a transactivation
domain in the STAT proteins. In general SH2 domains are
involved in signal transduction. They typically bind
pTyr-containing ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr
and hydrophobic binding pocket, allowing proteins with
SH2 domains to localize to tyrosine phosphorylated
sites.
Length = 115
Score = 32.9 bits (76), Expect = 0.028
Identities = 14/37 (37%), Positives = 21/37 (56%), Gaps = 2/37 (5%)
Query: 112 RMSRAQAEALLSGRPDGTFLIR--PSTTGQYALSIVC 146
+S+ +AE LL +P GTFL+R S G ++ V
Sbjct: 25 FISKEEAEDLLKKKPPGTFLLRFSDSELGGITIAWVN 61
>gnl|CDD|198233 cd10370, SH2_Src_Src42, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in the
Src oncogene at 42A (Src42). Src42 is a member of the
Src non-receptor type tyrosine kinase family of
proteins. The integration of receptor tyrosine
kinase-induced RAS and Src42 signals by Connector
eNhancer of KSR (CNK) as a two-component input is
essential for RAF activation in Drosophila. Src42 is
present in a wide variety of organisms including:
California sea hare, pea aphid, yellow fever mosquito,
honey bee, Panamanian leafcutter ant, and sea urchin.
Src42 has a unique N-terminal domain, an SH3 domain, an
SH2 domain, a kinase domain and a regulatory tail, as do
the other members of the family. Like the other members
of the Src family the SH2 domain in addition to binding
the target, also plays an autoinhibitory role by binding
to its C-terminal tail. In general SH2 domains are
involved in signal transduction. They typically bind
pTyr-containing ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr
and hydrophobic binding pocket, allowing proteins with
SH2 domains to localize to tyrosine phosphorylated
sites.
Length = 96
Score = 32.5 bits (74), Expect = 0.030
Identities = 24/78 (30%), Positives = 37/78 (47%), Gaps = 4/78 (5%)
Query: 112 RMSRAQAEA--LLSGRPDGTFLIRPSTT--GQYALSIVCSGAPKHCLVYETERGFGFAEP 167
++ R +AE LL G FLIR S + Y+LS+ KH + + + G F
Sbjct: 9 KIKRIEAEKKLLLPENEHGAFLIRDSESRHNDYSLSVRDGDTVKHYRIRQLDEGGFFIAR 68
Query: 168 FNIYPSLGALVLHYAANS 185
+ +L LV HY+ +S
Sbjct: 69 RTTFRTLQELVEHYSKDS 86
>gnl|CDD|198246 cd10383, SH2_SOCS2, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in
suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins. SH2
domain found in SOCS proteins. SOCS was first recognized
as a group of cytokine-inducible SH2 (CIS) domain
proteins comprising eight family members in human (CIS
and SOCS1-SOCS7). In addition to the SH2 domain, SOCS
proteins have a variable N-terminal domain and a
conserved SOCS box in the C-terminal domain. SOCS
proteins bind to a substrate via their SH2 domain. The
prototypical members, CIS and SOCS1-SOCS3, have been
shown to regulate growth hormone signaling in vitro and
in a classic negative feedback response compete for
binding at phosphotyrosine sites in JAK kinase and
receptor pathways to displace effector proteins and
target bound receptors for proteasomal degradation. Loss
of SOCS activity results in excessive cytokine signaling
associated with a variety of hematopoietic, autoimmune,
and inflammatory diseases and certain cancers. Members
(SOCS4-SOCS7) were identified by their conserved SOCS
box, an adapter motif of 3 helices that associates
substrate binding domains, such as the SOCS SH2 domain,
ankryin, and WD40 with ubiquitin ligase components.
These show limited cytokine induction. In general SH2
domains are involved in signal transduction. They
typically bind pTyr-containing ligands via two surface
pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic binding pocket, allowing
proteins with SH2 domains to localize to tyrosine
phosphorylated sites.
Length = 103
Score = 32.5 bits (74), Expect = 0.032
Identities = 13/32 (40%), Positives = 20/32 (62%)
Query: 113 MSRAQAEALLSGRPDGTFLIRPSTTGQYALSI 144
M+ +A+ L P+GTFL+R S+ Y L+I
Sbjct: 14 MTVNEAKEKLQDAPEGTFLVRDSSHSDYLLTI 45
>gnl|CDD|198214 cd10351, SH2_SH2D4B, Src homology 2 domain found in the SH2 domain
containing protein 4B (SH2D4B). SH2D4B contains a
single SH2 domain. In general SH2 domains are involved
in signal transduction. They typically bind
pTyr-containing ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr
and hydrophobic binding pocket, allowing proteins with
SH2 domains to localize to tyrosine phosphorylated
sites.
Length = 103
Score = 32.6 bits (74), Expect = 0.034
Identities = 19/44 (43%), Positives = 24/44 (54%), Gaps = 1/44 (2%)
Query: 113 MSRAQAEALLSGRPDGTFLIRPS-TTGQYALSIVCSGAPKHCLV 155
+SR +AEALL +G+FL+R S Y LS KH LV
Sbjct: 14 ISREEAEALLMNATEGSFLVRVSEKIWGYTLSYRLQSGFKHFLV 57
>gnl|CDD|198265 cd10402, SH2_C-SH2_Zap70, C-terminal Src homology 2 (SH2) domain
found in Zeta-chain-associated protein kinase 70
(ZAP-70). ZAP-70 and Syk comprise a family of
hematopoietic cell specific protein tyrosine kinases
(PTKs) that are required for antigen and antibody
receptor function. ZAP-70 is expressed in T and natural
killer (NK) cells and Syk is expressed in B cells, mast
cells, polymorphonuclear leukocytes, platelets,
macrophages, and immature T cells. They are required for
the proper development of T and B cells, immune
receptors, and activating NK cells. They consist of two
N-terminal Src homology 2 (SH2) domains and a C-terminal
kinase domain separated from the SH2 domains by a linker
or hinge region. Phosphorylation of both tyrosine
residues within the Immunoreceptor Tyrosine-based
Activation Motifs (ITAM; consensus sequence
Yxx[LI]x(7,8)Yxx[LI]) by the Src-family PTKs is required
for efficient interaction of ZAP-70 and Syk with the
receptor subunits and for receptor function. ZAP-70
forms two phosphotyrosine binding pockets, one of which
is shared by both SH2 domains. In Syk the two SH2
domains do not form such a phosphotyrosine-binding site.
The SH2 domains here are believed to function
independently. In addition, the two SH2 domains of Syk
display flexibility in their relative orientation,
allowing Syk to accommodate a greater variety of spacing
sequences between the ITAM phosphotyrosines and singly
phosphorylated non-classical ITAM ligands. This model
contains the C-terminus SH2 domains of Zap70. In general
SH2 domains are involved in signal transduction. They
typically bind pTyr-containing ligands via two surface
pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic binding pocket, allowing
proteins with SH2 domains to localize to tyrosine
phosphorylated sites.
Length = 105
Score = 32.6 bits (74), Expect = 0.037
Identities = 22/62 (35%), Positives = 33/62 (53%), Gaps = 4/62 (6%)
Query: 104 HDEKTWL-VRMSRAQAE-ALLSG-RPDGTFLIRP-STTGQYALSIVCSGAPKHCLVYETE 159
H+ W ++R +AE L SG +PDG FL+R +G YALS+V H + + +
Sbjct: 7 HERMPWYHGSIARDEAERRLYSGAQPDGKFLLRERKESGTYALSLVYGKTVYHYRIDQDK 66
Query: 160 RG 161
G
Sbjct: 67 SG 68
>gnl|CDD|198183 cd09929, SH2_BLNK_SLP-76, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in
B-cell linker (BLNK) protein and SH2 domain-containing
leukocyte protein of 76 kDa (SLP-76). BLNK (also known
as SLP-65 or BASH) is an important adaptor protein
expressed in B-lineage cells. BLNK consists of a
N-terminal sterile alpha motif (SAM) domain and a
C-terminal SH2 domain. BLNK is a cytoplasmic protein,
but a part of it is bound to the plasma membrane through
an N-terminal leucine zipper motif and transiently bound
to a cytoplasmic domain of Iga through its C-terminal
SH2 domain upon B cell antigen receptor
(BCR)-stimulation. A non-ITAM phosphotyrosine in Iga is
necessary for the binding with the BLNK SH2 domain
and/or for normal BLNK function in signaling and B cell
activation. Upon phosphorylation BLNK binds Btk and
PLCgamma2 through their SH2 domains and mediates
PLCgamma2 activation by Btk. BLNK also binds other
signaling molecules such as Vav, Grb2, Syk, and HPK1.
BLNK has been shown to be necessary for BCR-mediated
Ca2+ mobilization, for the activation of
mitogen-activated protein kinases such as ERK, JNK, and
p38 in a chicken B cell line DT40, and for activation of
transcription factors such as NF-AT and NF-kappaB in
human or mouse B cells. BLNK is involved in B cell
development, B cell survival, activation, proliferation,
and T-independent immune responses. BLNK is structurally
homologous to SLP-76. SLP-76 and (linker for activation
of T cells) LAT are adaptor/linker proteins in T cell
antigen receptor activation and T cell development. BLNK
interacts with many downstream signaling proteins that
interact directly with both SLP-76 and LAT. New data
suggest functional complementation of SLP-76 and LAT in
T cell antigen receptor function with BLNK in BCR
function. In general SH2 domains are involved in signal
transduction. They typically bind pTyr-containing
ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic
binding pocket, allowing proteins with SH2 domains to
localize to tyrosine phosphorylated sites.
Length = 121
Score = 32.7 bits (75), Expect = 0.039
Identities = 14/36 (38%), Positives = 18/36 (50%), Gaps = 2/36 (5%)
Query: 105 DEKTWLV-RMSRAQAE-ALLSGRPDGTFLIRPSTTG 138
K W + R +AE AL DGTFL+R S+
Sbjct: 9 LPKEWYAGNIDRKEAEEALRRSNKDGTFLVRDSSGK 44
>gnl|CDD|198226 cd10363, SH2_Src_HCK, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in HCK.
HCK is a member of the Src non-receptor type tyrosine
kinase family of proteins and is expressed in
hemopoietic cells. HCK is proposed to couple the Fc
receptor to the activation of the respiratory burst. It
may also play a role in neutrophil migration and in the
degranulation of neutrophils. It has two different
translational starts that have different subcellular
localization. HCK has been shown to interact with BCR
gene, ELMO1 Cbl gene, RAS p21 protein activator 1,
RASA3, Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor receptor,
ADAM15 and RAPGEF1. Like the other members of the Src
family the SH2 domain in addition to binding the target,
also plays an autoinhibitory role by binding to its
C-terminal tail. In general SH2 domains are involved in
signal transduction. HCK has a unique N-terminal domain,
an SH3 domain, an SH2 domain, a kinase domain and a
regulatory tail, as do the other members of the family.
They typically bind pTyr-containing ligands via two
surface pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic binding pocket,
allowing proteins with SH2 domains to localize to
tyrosine phosphorylated sites.
Length = 104
Score = 32.2 bits (73), Expect = 0.052
Identities = 26/83 (31%), Positives = 38/83 (45%), Gaps = 10/83 (12%)
Query: 109 WLVR-MSRAQAEA--LLSGRPDGTFLIRPS--TTGQYALSI-----VCSGAPKHCLVYET 158
W + +SR AE L G G+F+IR S T G Y+LS+ KH +
Sbjct: 5 WFFKGISRKDAERQLLAPGNMLGSFMIRDSETTKGSYSLSVRDYDPQHGDTVKHYKIRTL 64
Query: 159 ERGFGFAEPFNIYPSLGALVLHY 181
+ G + P + + +L LV HY
Sbjct: 65 DNGGFYISPRSTFSTLQELVDHY 87
>gnl|CDD|198239 cd10376, SH2_STAT5, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in signal
transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 5
proteins. STAT5 is a member of the STAT family of
transcription factors. Two highly related proteins,
STAT5a and STAT5b are encoded by separate genes, but are
90% identical at the amino acid level. Both STAT5a and
STAT5b are ubiquitously expressed and functionally
interchangeable. Mice lacking either STAT5a or STAT5b
have mild defects in prolactin dependent mammary
differentiation or sexually dimorphic growth
hormone-dependent effects, respectively. Mice lacking
both STAT5a and STAT5b exhibit a perinatal lethal
phenotype and have multiple defects, including anemia
and a virtual absence of B and T lymphocytes. STAT
proteins mediate the signaling of cytokines and a number
of growth factors from the receptors of these
extracellular signaling molecules to the cell nucleus.
STATs are specifically phosphorylated by
receptor-associated Janus kinases, receptor tyrosine
kinases, or cytoplasmic tyrosine kinases. The
phosphorylated STAT molecules dimerize by reciprocal
binding of their SH2 domains to the phosphotyrosine
residues. These dimeric STATs translocate into the
nucleus, bind to specific DNA sequences, and regulate
the transcription of their target genes. However there
are a number of unphosphorylated STATs that travel
between the cytoplasm and nucleus and some STATs that
exist as dimers in unstimulated cells that can exert
biological functions independent of being activated.
There are seven mammalian STAT family members which have
been identified: STAT1, STAT2, STAT3, STAT4, STAT5
(STAT5A and STAT5B), and STAT6. There are 6 conserved
domains in STAT: N-terminal domain (NTD), coiled-coil
domain (CCD), DNA-binding domain (DBD), alpha-helical
linker domain (LD), SH2 domain, and transactivation
domain (TAD). NTD is involved in dimerization of
unphosphorylated STATs monomers and for the
tetramerization between STAT1, STAT3, STAT4 and STAT5 on
promoters with two or more tandem STAT binding sites.
It also plays a role in promoting interactions with
transcriptional co-activators such as CREB binding
protein (CBP)/p300, as well as being important for
nuclear import and deactivation of STATs involving
tyrosine de-phosphorylation. CCD interacts with other
proteins, such as IFN regulatory protein 9 (IRF-9/p48)
with STAT1 and c-JUN with STAT3 and is also thought to
participate in the negative regulation of these
proteins. Distinct genes are bound to STATs via their
DBD domain. This domain is also involved in nuclear
translocation of activated STAT1 and STAT3
phosphorylated dimers upon cytokine stimulation. LD
links the DNA-binding and SH2 domains and is important
for the transcriptional activation of STAT1 in response
to IFN-gamma. It also plays a role in protein-protein
interactions and has also been implicated in the
constitutive nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of
unphosphorylated STATs in resting cells. The SH2 domain
is necessary for receptor association and tyrosine
phosphodimer formation. Residues within this domain may
be particularly important for some cellular functions
mediated by the STATs as well as residues adjacent to
this domain. The TAD interacts with several proteins,
namely minichromosome maintenance complex component 5
(MCM5), breast cancer 1 (BRCA1) and CBP/p300. TAD also
contains a modulatory phosphorylation site that
regulates STAT activity and is necessary for maximal
transcription of a number of target genes. The conserved
tyrosine residue present in the C-terminus is crucial
for dimerization via interaction with the SH2 domain
upon the interaction of the ligand with the receptor.
STAT activation by tyrosine phosphorylation also
determines nuclear import and retention, DNA binding to
specific DNA elements in the promoters of responsive
genes, and transcriptional activation of STAT dimers. In
addition to the SH2 domain there is a coiled-coil
domain, a DNA binding domain, and a transactivation
domain in the STAT proteins.
Length = 137
Score = 32.3 bits (73), Expect = 0.072
Identities = 15/36 (41%), Positives = 23/36 (63%)
Query: 102 PHHDEKTWLVRMSRAQAEALLSGRPDGTFLIRPSTT 137
PH ++ L +++ QA LL +PDGTFL+R S +
Sbjct: 15 PHWNDGAILGFVNKQQAHDLLINKPDGTFLLRFSDS 50
>gnl|CDD|198225 cd10362, SH2_Src_Lck, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain in lymphocyte
cell kinase (Lck). Lck is a member of the Src
non-receptor type tyrosine kinase family of proteins. It
is expressed in the brain, T-cells, and NK cells. The
unique domain of Lck mediates its interaction with two
T-cell surface molecules, CD4 and CD8. It associates
with their cytoplasmic tails on CD4 T helper cells and
CD8 cytotoxic T cells to assist signaling from the T
cell receptor (TCR) complex. When the T cell receptor is
engaged by the specific antigen presented by MHC, Lck
phosphorylase the intracellular chains of the CD3 and
zeta-chains of the TCR complex, allowing ZAP-70 to bind
them. Lck then phosphorylates and activates ZAP-70,
which in turn phosphorylates Linker of Activated T cells
(LAT), a transmembrane protein that serves as a docking
site for proteins including: Shc-Grb2-SOS, PI3K, and
phospholipase C (PLC). The tyrosine phosphorylation
cascade culminates in the intracellular mobilization of
a calcium ions and activation of important signaling
cascades within the lymphocyte, including the
Ras-MEK-ERK pathway, which goes on to activate certain
transcription factors such as NFAT, NF-kappaB, and AP-1.
These transcription factors regulate the production
cytokines such as Interleukin-2 that promote long-term
proliferation and differentiation of the activated
lymphocytes. The N-terminal tail of Lck is
myristoylated and palmitoylated and it tethers the
protein to the plasma membrane of the cell. Lck also
contains a SH3 domain, a SH2 domain, and a C-terminal
tyrosine kinase domain. Lck has 2 phosphorylation sites,
the first an autophosphorylation site that is linked to
activation of the protein and the second which is
phosphorylated by Csk, which inhibits it. Lck is also
inhibited by SHP-1 dephosphorylation and by Cbl
ubiquitin ligase, which is part of the
ubiquitin-mediated pathway. In general SH2 domains are
involved in signal transduction. They typically bind
pTyr-containing ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr
and hydrophobic binding pocket, allowing proteins with
SH2 domains to localize to tyrosine phosphorylated
sites.
Length = 101
Score = 31.4 bits (71), Expect = 0.085
Identities = 28/89 (31%), Positives = 38/89 (42%), Gaps = 9/89 (10%)
Query: 106 EKTWLVRMSRAQAEALLS--GRPDGTFLIRPSTT--GQYALSI-----VCSGAPKHCLVY 156
E + +SR AE L G G+FLIR S T G ++LS+ KH +
Sbjct: 3 EPWFFKNLSRNDAERQLLAPGNTHGSFLIRESETTAGSFSLSVRDFDQNQGEVVKHYKIR 62
Query: 157 ETERGFGFAEPFNIYPSLGALVLHYAANS 185
+ G + P +P L LV HY S
Sbjct: 63 NLDNGGFYISPRITFPGLHELVRHYTNAS 91
>gnl|CDD|198284 cd10421, SH2_STAT5a, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in signal
transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 5a
proteins. STAT5 is a member of the STAT family of
transcription factors. Two highly related proteins,
STAT5a and STAT5b are encoded by separate genes, but are
90% identical at the amino acid level. Both STAT5a and
STAT5b are ubiquitously expressed and functionally
interchangeable. Mice lacking either STAT5a or STAT5b
have mild defects in prolactin dependent mammary
differentiation or sexually dimorphic growth
hormone-dependent effects, respectively. Mice lacking
both STAT5a and STAT5b exhibit a perinatal lethal
phenotype and have multiple defects, including anemia
and a virtual absence of B and T lymphocytes. STAT
proteins mediate the signaling of cytokines and a number
of growth factors from the receptors of these
extracellular signaling molecules to the cell nucleus.
STATs are specifically phosphorylated by
receptor-associated Janus kinases, receptor tyrosine
kinases, or cytoplasmic tyrosine kinases. The
phosphorylated STAT molecules dimerize by reciprocal
binding of their SH2 domains to the phosphotyrosine
residues. These dimeric STATs translocate into the
nucleus, bind to specific DNA sequences, and regulate
the transcription of their target genes. However there
are a number of unphosphorylated STATs that travel
between the cytoplasm and nucleus and some STATs that
exist as dimers in unstimulated cells that can exert
biological functions independent of being activated.
There are seven mammalian STAT family members which have
been identified: STAT1, STAT2, STAT3, STAT4, STAT5
(STAT5A and STAT5B), and STAT6. There are 6 conserved
domains in STAT: N-terminal domain (NTD), coiled-coil
domain (CCD), DNA-binding domain (DBD), alpha-helical
linker domain (LD), SH2 domain, and transactivation
domain (TAD). NTD is involved in dimerization of
unphosphorylated STATs monomers and for the
tetramerization between STAT1, STAT3, STAT4 and STAT5 on
promoters with two or more tandem STAT binding sites.
It also plays a role in promoting interactions with
transcriptional co-activators such as CREB binding
protein (CBP)/p300, as well as being important for
nuclear import and deactivation of STATs involving
tyrosine de-phosphorylation. CCD interacts with other
proteins, such as IFN regulatory protein 9 (IRF-9/p48)
with STAT1 and c-JUN with STAT3 and is also thought to
participate in the negative regulation of these
proteins. Distinct genes are bound to STATs via their
DBD domain. This domain is also involved in nuclear
translocation of activated STAT1 and STAT3
phosphorylated dimers upon cytokine stimulation. LD
links the DNA-binding and SH2 domains and is important
for the transcriptional activation of STAT1 in response
to IFN-gamma. It also plays a role in protein-protein
interactions and has also been implicated in the
constitutive nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of
unphosphorylated STATs in resting cells. The SH2 domain
is necessary for receptor association and tyrosine
phosphodimer formation. Residues within this domain may
be particularly important for some cellular functions
mediated by the STATs as well as residues adjacent to
this domain. The TAD interacts with several proteins,
namely minichromosome maintenance complex component 5
(MCM5), breast cancer 1 (BRCA1) and CBP/p300. TAD also
contains a modulatory phosphorylation site that
regulates STAT activity and is necessary for maximal
transcription of a number of target genes. The conserved
tyrosine residue present in the C-terminus is crucial
for dimerization via interaction with the SH2 domain
upon the interaction of the ligand with the receptor.
STAT activation by tyrosine phosphorylation also
determines nuclear import and retention, DNA binding to
specific DNA elements in the promoters of responsive
genes, and transcriptional activation of STAT dimers. In
addition to the SH2 domain there is a coiled-coil
domain, a DNA binding domain, and a transactivation
domain in the STAT proteins. In general SH2 domains are
involved in signal transduction. They typically bind
pTyr-containing ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr
and hydrophobic binding pocket, allowing proteins with
SH2 domains to localize to tyrosine phosphorylated
sites.
Length = 140
Score = 31.9 bits (72), Expect = 0.092
Identities = 15/36 (41%), Positives = 23/36 (63%)
Query: 102 PHHDEKTWLVRMSRAQAEALLSGRPDGTFLIRPSTT 137
PH ++ L +++ QA LL +PDGTFL+R S +
Sbjct: 15 PHWNDGAILGFVNKQQAHDLLINKPDGTFLLRFSDS 50
>gnl|CDD|198283 cd10420, SH2_STAT5b, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in signal
transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 5b
proteins. STAT5 is a member of the STAT family of
transcription factors. Two highly related proteins,
STAT5a and STAT5b are encoded by separate genes, but are
90% identical at the amino acid level. Both STAT5a and
STAT5b are ubiquitously expressed and functionally
interchangeable. Mice lacking either STAT5a or STAT5b
have mild defects in prolactin dependent mammary
differentiation or sexually dimorphic growth
hormone-dependent effects, respectively. Mice lacking
both STAT5a and STAT5b exhibit a perinatal lethal
phenotype and have multiple defects, including anemia
and a virtual absence of B and T lymphocytes. STAT
proteins mediate the signaling of cytokines and a number
of growth factors from the receptors of these
extracellular signaling molecules to the cell nucleus.
STATs are specifically phosphorylated by
receptor-associated Janus kinases, receptor tyrosine
kinases, or cytoplasmic tyrosine kinases. The
phosphorylated STAT molecules dimerize by reciprocal
binding of their SH2 domains to the phosphotyrosine
residues. These dimeric STATs translocate into the
nucleus, bind to specific DNA sequences, and regulate
the transcription of their target genes. However there
are a number of unphosphorylated STATs that travel
between the cytoplasm and nucleus and some STATs that
exist as dimers in unstimulated cells that can exert
biological functions independent of being activated.
There are seven mammalian STAT family members which have
been identified: STAT1, STAT2, STAT3, STAT4, STAT5
(STAT5A and STAT5B), and STAT6. There are 6 conserved
domains in STAT: N-terminal domain (NTD), coiled-coil
domain (CCD), DNA-binding domain (DBD), alpha-helical
linker domain (LD), SH2 domain, and transactivation
domain (TAD). NTD is involved in dimerization of
unphosphorylated STATs monomers and for the
tetramerization between STAT1, STAT3, STAT4 and STAT5 on
promoters with two or more tandem STAT binding sites.
It also plays a role in promoting interactions with
transcriptional co-activators such as CREB binding
protein (CBP)/p300, as well as being important for
nuclear import and deactivation of STATs involving
tyrosine de-phosphorylation. CCD interacts with other
proteins, such as IFN regulatory protein 9 (IRF-9/p48)
with STAT1 and c-JUN with STAT3 and is also thought to
participate in the negative regulation of these
proteins. Distinct genes are bound to STATs via their
DBD domain. This domain is also involved in nuclear
translocation of activated STAT1 and STAT3
phosphorylated dimers upon cytokine stimulation. LD
links the DNA-binding and SH2 domains and is important
for the transcriptional activation of STAT1 in response
to IFN-gamma. It also plays a role in protein-protein
interactions and has also been implicated in the
constitutive nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of
unphosphorylated STATs in resting cells. The SH2 domain
is necessary for receptor association and tyrosine
phosphodimer formation. Residues within this domain may
be particularly important for some cellular functions
mediated by the STATs as well as residues adjacent to
this domain. The TAD interacts with several proteins,
namely minichromosome maintenance complex component 5
(MCM5), breast cancer 1 (BRCA1) and CBP/p300. TAD also
contains a modulatory phosphorylation site that
regulates STAT activity and is necessary for maximal
transcription of a number of target genes. The conserved
tyrosine residue present in the C-terminus is crucial
for dimerization via interaction with the SH2 domain
upon the interaction of the ligand with the receptor.
STAT activation by tyrosine phosphorylation also
determines nuclear import and retention, DNA binding to
specific DNA elements in the promoters of responsive
genes, and transcriptional activation of STAT dimers. In
addition to the SH2 domain there is a coiled-coil
domain, a DNA binding domain, and a transactivation
domain in the STAT proteins. In general SH2 domains are
involved in signal transduction. They typically bind
pTyr-containing ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr
and hydrophobic binding pocket, allowing proteins with
SH2 domains to localize to tyrosine phosphorylated
sites.
Length = 145
Score = 32.0 bits (72), Expect = 0.094
Identities = 15/36 (41%), Positives = 23/36 (63%)
Query: 102 PHHDEKTWLVRMSRAQAEALLSGRPDGTFLIRPSTT 137
PH ++ L +++ QA LL +PDGTFL+R S +
Sbjct: 15 PHWNDGAILGFVNKQQAHDLLINKPDGTFLLRFSDS 50
>gnl|CDD|198285 cd10718, SH2_CIS, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in
cytokine-inducible SH2-containing protein (CIS). CIS
family members are known to be cytokine-inducible
negative regulators of cytokine signaling. The
expression of the CIS gene can be induced by IL2, IL3,
GM-CSF and EPO in hematopoietic cells.
Proteasome-mediated degradation of this protein has been
shown to be involved in the inactivation of the
erythropoietin receptor. Suppressor of cytokine
signalling (SOCS) was first recognized as a group of
cytokine-inducible SH2 (CIS) domain proteins comprising
eight family members in human (CIS and SOCS1-SOCS7). In
addition to the SH2 domain, SOCS proteins have a
variable N-terminal domain and a conserved SOCS box in
the C-terminal domain. SOCS proteins bind to a substrate
via their SH2 domain. The prototypical members, CIS and
SOCS1-SOCS3, have been shown to regulate growth hormone
signaling in vitro and in a classic negative feedback
response compete for binding at phosphotyrosine sites in
JAK kinase and receptor pathways to displace effector
proteins and target bound receptors for proteasomal
degradation. Loss of SOCS activity results in excessive
cytokine signaling associated with a variety of
hematopoietic, autoimmune, and inflammatory diseases and
certain cancers. In general SH2 domains are involved in
signal transduction. They typically bind
pTyr-containing ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr
and hydrophobic binding pocket, allowing proteins with
SH2 domains to localize to tyrosine phosphorylated
sites.
Length = 88
Score = 30.5 bits (69), Expect = 0.13
Identities = 11/32 (34%), Positives = 20/32 (62%)
Query: 113 MSRAQAEALLSGRPDGTFLIRPSTTGQYALSI 144
++ ++A L P+GTFL+R S+ Y L++
Sbjct: 11 ITASEAHQALQKAPEGTFLVRDSSHPSYMLTL 42
>gnl|CDD|198209 cd10346, SH2_SH2B_family, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in SH2B
adapter protein family. The SH2B adapter protein family
has 3 members: SH2B1 (SH2-B, PSM), SH2B2 (APS), and
SH2B3 (Lnk). SH2B family members contain a pleckstrin
homology domain, at least one dimerization domain, and a
C-terminal SH2 domain which binds to phosphorylated
tyrosines in a variety of tyrosine kinases. SH2B1 and
SH2B2 function in signaling pathways found downstream
of growth hormone receptor and receptor tyrosine
kinases, including the insulin, insulin-like growth
factor-I (IGF-I), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF),
nerve growth factor, hepatocyte growth factor, and
fibroblast growth factor receptors. SH2B2beta, a new
isoform of SH2B2, is an endogenous inhibitor of SH2B1
and/or SH2B2 (SH2B2alpha), negatively regulating insulin
signaling and/or JAK2-mediated cellular responses. SH2B3
negatively regulates lymphopoiesis and early
hematopoiesis. The lnk-deficiency results in enhanced
production of B cells, and expansion as well as enhanced
function of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs),
demonstrating negative regulatory functions of Sh2b3/Lnk
in cytokine signaling. Sh2b3/Lnk also functions in
responses controlled by cell adhesion and in crosstalk
between integrin- and cytokine-mediated signaling. In
general SH2 domains are involved in signal transduction.
They typically bind pTyr-containing ligands via two
surface pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic binding pocket,
allowing proteins with SH2 domains to localize to
tyrosine phosphorylated sites.
Length = 97
Score = 30.9 bits (70), Expect = 0.14
Identities = 19/55 (34%), Positives = 27/55 (49%), Gaps = 5/55 (9%)
Query: 112 RMSRAQAEAL-LSGRPD--GTFLIRPSTT--GQYALSIVCSGAPKHCLVYETERG 161
+SR+ A L L D G FL+R S T G++ L+ G KH + E+G
Sbjct: 14 TLSRSDAAQLVLHSGADGHGVFLVRQSETRRGEFVLTFNFQGRAKHLRLTLNEKG 68
>gnl|CDD|199832 cd10417, SH2_SH2D7, Src homology 2 domain found in the SH2 domain
containing protein 7 (SH2D7). SH2D7 contains a single
SH2 domain. In general SH2 domains are involved in
signal transduction. They typically bind pTyr-containing
ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic
binding pocket, allowing proteins with SH2 domains to
localize to tyrosine phosphorylated sites.
Length = 102
Score = 30.6 bits (69), Expect = 0.16
Identities = 27/84 (32%), Positives = 41/84 (48%), Gaps = 4/84 (4%)
Query: 113 MSRAQAEALLSGRPDGTFLIRPS--TTGQYALSIVCSGAPKHCLVYETE-RGFGFAEPFN 169
++R Q E LL + G+FLIR S TG Y LS S +H ++ + R + + +
Sbjct: 14 ITRKQTEQLLRDKALGSFLIRLSDRATG-YILSYRGSDRCRHFVINQLRNRRYLISGDTS 72
Query: 170 IYPSLGALVLHYAANSLEEHNDDL 193
+ +L LV HY LE + L
Sbjct: 73 SHSTLAELVRHYQEVQLEPFGETL 96
>gnl|CDD|199830 cd10349, SH2_SH2D2A_SH2D7, Src homology 2 domain found in the SH2
domain containing protein 2A and 7 (SH2D2A and SH2D7).
SH2D2A and SH7 both contain a single SH2 domain. In
general SH2 domains are involved in signal transduction.
They typically bind pTyr-containing ligands via two
surface pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic binding pocket,
allowing proteins with SH2 domains to localize to
tyrosine phosphorylated sites.
Length = 77
Score = 29.8 bits (67), Expect = 0.19
Identities = 20/71 (28%), Positives = 34/71 (47%), Gaps = 2/71 (2%)
Query: 113 MSRAQAEALLSGRPDGTFLIRPSTTG-QYALSIVCSGAPKHCLVYETERG-FGFAEPFNI 170
++R +AE LL +P G +L+R S + + LS +H L+ + G +
Sbjct: 7 ITRREAERLLEPKPQGCYLVRFSESAVTFVLSYRSRTCCRHFLLAQLRDGRHVVLGEDSA 66
Query: 171 YPSLGALVLHY 181
+ L L+LHY
Sbjct: 67 HARLQDLLLHY 77
>gnl|CDD|198213 cd10350, SH2_SH2D4A, Src homology 2 domain found in the SH2 domain
containing protein 4A (SH2D4A). SH2D4A contains a
single SH2 domain. In general SH2 domains are involved
in signal transduction. They typically bind
pTyr-containing ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr
and hydrophobic binding pocket, allowing proteins with
SH2 domains to localize to tyrosine phosphorylated
sites.
Length = 103
Score = 30.3 bits (68), Expect = 0.23
Identities = 17/53 (32%), Positives = 26/53 (49%), Gaps = 1/53 (1%)
Query: 113 MSRAQAEALLSGRPDGTFLIRPSTTGQ-YALSIVCSGAPKHCLVYETERGFGF 164
++ +A LL G+FLIR S + YALS + KH L+ + + F
Sbjct: 14 LTLKKANELLLSTMPGSFLIRVSEKIKGYALSYLSEEGCKHFLIDASADSYSF 66
>gnl|CDD|198275 cd10412, SH2_SH2B3, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in SH2B
adapter proteins (SH2B1, SH2B2, SH2B3). SH2B3 (Lnk),
like other members of the SH2B adapter protein family,
contains a pleckstrin homology domain, at least one
dimerization domain, and a C-terminal SH2 domain which
binds to phosphorylated tyrosines in a variety of
tyrosine kinases. SH2B3 negatively regulates
lymphopoiesis and early hematopoiesis. The
lnk-deficiency results in enhanced production of B
cells, and expansion as well as enhanced function of
hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), demonstrating negative
regulatory functions of Sh2b3/Lnk in cytokine signaling.
Sh2b3/Lnk also functions in responses controlled by cell
adhesion and in crosstalk between integrin- and
cytokine-mediated signaling. In general SH2 domains are
involved in signal transduction. They typically bind
pTyr-containing ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr
and hydrophobic binding pocket, allowing proteins with
SH2 domains to localize to tyrosine phosphorylated
sites.
Length = 97
Score = 29.9 bits (67), Expect = 0.27
Identities = 22/54 (40%), Positives = 30/54 (55%), Gaps = 5/54 (9%)
Query: 113 MSRAQAEALLSGR-PD--GTFLIRPSTT--GQYALSIVCSGAPKHCLVYETERG 161
+SR +A L+ + PD G FL+R S T G+Y L+ G KH + TERG
Sbjct: 15 ISRVKAAQLVQLQGPDAHGVFLVRQSETRRGEYVLTFNFQGRAKHLRLSLTERG 68
>gnl|CDD|198247 cd10384, SH2_SOCS3, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in
suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins. SH2
domain found in SOCS proteins. SOCS was first recognized
as a group of cytokine-inducible SH2 (CIS) domain
proteins comprising eight family members in human (CIS
and SOCS1-SOCS7). In addition to the SH2 domain, SOCS
proteins have a variable N-terminal domain and a
conserved SOCS box in the C-terminal domain. SOCS
proteins bind to a substrate via their SH2 domain. The
prototypical members, CIS and SOCS1-SOCS3, have been
shown to regulate growth hormone signaling in vitro and
in a classic negative feedback response compete for
binding at phosphotyrosine sites in JAK kinase and
receptor pathways to displace effector proteins and
target bound receptors for proteasomal degradation. Loss
of SOCS activity results in excessive cytokine signaling
associated with a variety of hematopoietic, autoimmune,
and inflammatory diseases and certain cancers. Members
(SOCS4-SOCS7) were identified by their conserved SOCS
box, an adapter motif of 3 helices that associates
substrate binding domains, such as the SOCS SH2 domain,
ankryin, and WD40 with ubiquitin ligase components.
These show limited cytokine induction. In general SH2
domains are involved in signal transduction. They
typically bind pTyr-containing ligands via two surface
pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic binding pocket, allowing
proteins with SH2 domains to localize to tyrosine
phosphorylated sites.
Length = 101
Score = 29.7 bits (67), Expect = 0.36
Identities = 13/24 (54%), Positives = 16/24 (66%)
Query: 113 MSRAQAEALLSGRPDGTFLIRPST 136
+S +A LLS P GTFLIR S+
Sbjct: 17 VSGKEANLLLSAEPAGTFLIRDSS 40
>gnl|CDD|198256 cd10393, SH2_RIN1, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in Ras and Rab
interactor 1 (RIN1)-like proteins. RIN1, a member of
the RIN (AKA Ras interaction/interference) family, have
multifunctional domains including SH2 and proline-rich
(PR) domains in the N-terminal region, and RIN-family
homology (RH), VPS9 and Ras-association (RA) domains in
the C-terminal region. RIN proteins function as
Rab5-GEFs. Previous studies showed that RIN1 interacts
with EGF receptors via its SH2 domain and regulates
trafficking and degradation of EGF receptors via its
interaction with STAM, indicating a vital role for RIN1
in regulating endosomal trafficking of receptor tyrosine
kinases (RTKs). RIN1 was first identified as a
Ras-binding protein that suppresses the activated RAS2
allele in S. cerevisiae. RIN1 binds to the activated Ras
through its carboxyl-terminal domain and this
Ras-binding domain also binds to 14-3-3 proteins as
Raf-1 does. The SH2 domain of RIN1 are thought to
interact with the phosphotyrosine-containing proteins,
but the physiological partners for this domain are
unknown. The proline-rich domain in RIN1 is similar to
the consensus SH3 binding regions. In general SH2
domains are involved in signal transduction. They
typically bind pTyr-containing ligands via two surface
pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic binding pocket, allowing
proteins with SH2 domains to localize to tyrosine
phosphorylated sites.
Length = 101
Score = 29.4 bits (66), Expect = 0.44
Identities = 25/81 (30%), Positives = 34/81 (41%), Gaps = 9/81 (11%)
Query: 109 WL-VRMSRAQAEALLSGRPDGTFLIRPSTTGQ-YALSIVCSGAP------KHCLVYETER 160
WL +R + A A +L P GTFL+R S T Q AL + A H + E+
Sbjct: 12 WLQLRANAAAALHVLRTEPPGTFLVRKSNTRQCQALCVRLPEASGPSFVSSHY-IQESPG 70
Query: 161 GFGFAEPFNIYPSLGALVLHY 181
G +P L L+ Y
Sbjct: 71 GVSLEGSELTFPDLVQLICAY 91
>gnl|CDD|234042 TIGR02870, spore_II_D, stage II sporulation protein D. Stage II
sporulation protein D (SpoIID) is a protein of the
endospore formation program in a number of lineages in
the Firmicutes (low-GC Gram-positive bacteria). It is
expressed in the mother cell compartment, under control
of Sigma-E. SpoIID, along with SpoIIM and SpoIIP, is one
of three major proteins involved in engulfment of the
forespore by the mother cell [Cellular processes,
Sporulation and germination].
Length = 338
Score = 29.7 bits (67), Expect = 0.83
Identities = 8/15 (53%), Positives = 10/15 (66%)
Query: 2 DPSYHSTSSGNTPSS 16
DP Y STS G T ++
Sbjct: 177 DPVYFSTSGGKTENA 191
>gnl|CDD|198245 cd10382, SH2_SOCS1, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in
suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins. SH2
domain found in SOCS proteins. SOCS was first recognized
as a group of cytokine-inducible SH2 (CIS) domain
proteins comprising eight family members in human (CIS
and SOCS1-SOCS7). In addition to the SH2 domain, SOCS
proteins have a variable N-terminal domain and a
conserved SOCS box in the C-terminal domain. SOCS
proteins bind to a substrate via their SH2 domain. The
prototypical members, CIS and SOCS1-SOCS3, have been
shown to regulate growth hormone signaling in vitro and
in a classic negative feedback response compete for
binding at phosphotyrosine sites in JAK kinase and
receptor pathways to displace effector proteins and
target bound receptors for proteasomal degradation. Loss
of SOCS activity results in excessive cytokine signaling
associated with a variety of hematopoietic, autoimmune,
and inflammatory diseases and certain cancers. Members
(SOCS4-SOCS7) were identified by their conserved SOCS
box, an adapter motif of 3 helices that associates
substrate binding domains, such as the SOCS SH2 domain,
ankryin, and WD40 with ubiquitin ligase components.
These show limited cytokine induction. In general SH2
domains are involved in signal transduction. They
typically bind pTyr-containing ligands via two surface
pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic binding pocket, allowing
proteins with SH2 domains to localize to tyrosine
phosphorylated sites.
Length = 98
Score = 28.1 bits (63), Expect = 1.3
Identities = 22/73 (30%), Positives = 30/73 (41%), Gaps = 2/73 (2%)
Query: 113 MSRAQAEALLSGRPDGTFLIRPSTTGQ--YALSIVCSGAPKHCLVYETERGFGFAEPFNI 170
+S +A A L P GTFLIR S +ALS+ + P + F
Sbjct: 17 LSVEEAHAKLKREPVGTFLIRDSRQKNCFFALSVKMASGPVSIRILFKAGKFSLDGSKES 76
Query: 171 YPSLGALVLHYAA 183
+ L L+ HY A
Sbjct: 77 FDCLFKLLEHYVA 89
>gnl|CDD|198222 cd10359, SH2_SH3BP2, Src homology 2 domain found in c-Abl SH3
domain-binding protein-2 (SH3BP2). The adaptor protein
3BP2/SH3BP2 plays a regulatory role in signaling from
immunoreceptors. The protein-tyrosine kinase Syk
phosphorylates 3BP2 which results in the activation of
Rac1 through the interaction with the SH2 domain of Vav1
and induces the binding to the SH2 domain of the
upstream protein-tyrosine kinase Lyn and enhances its
kinase activity. 3BP2 has a positive regulatory role in
IgE-mediated mast cell activation. In lymphocytes,
engagement of T cell or B cell receptors triggers
tyrosine phosphorylation of 3BP2. Suppression of the
3BP2 expression by siRNA results in the inhibition of T
cell or B cell receptor-mediated activation of NFAT.
3BP2 is required for the proliferation of B cells and B
cell receptor signaling. Mutations in the 3BP2 gene are
responsible for cherubism resulting in excessive bone
resorption in the jaw. In general SH2 domains are
involved in signal transduction. They typically bind
pTyr-containing ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr
and hydrophobic binding pocket, allowing proteins with
SH2 domains to localize to tyrosine phosphorylated
sites.
Length = 101
Score = 27.6 bits (61), Expect = 1.6
Identities = 30/99 (30%), Positives = 39/99 (39%), Gaps = 24/99 (24%)
Query: 107 KTWLVRMSRAQAEALL------SGRPDGTFLIRPSTT-GQYALSIVCSGAP--------- 150
T+ M + E L G DG + IR S+T G L + GA
Sbjct: 1 STFKNTMESREVERLFKATSPKGGPQDGLYCIRNSSTKGGKVLVVWDGGAEKVRNYRIFE 60
Query: 151 KHCLVYETERGFGFAEPFNIYPSLGALVLHYAANSLEEH 189
K C Y ER ++ SLG+LV HYA + L H
Sbjct: 61 KDCKFYLHER--------EVFSSLGSLVEHYATHVLPSH 91
>gnl|CDD|223023 PHA03249, PHA03249, DNA packaging tegument protein UL25;
Provisional.
Length = 653
Score = 28.8 bits (64), Expect = 1.8
Identities = 24/93 (25%), Positives = 35/93 (37%), Gaps = 17/93 (18%)
Query: 110 LVRMSRAQAEALLSGRPDGTFLIRPSTTGQYALSIV----------CSGAPKHCLVYETE 159
R RA A AL + T GQY + + +P VYET
Sbjct: 307 QTRGGRAAALALHFLMSQ-----KAVTDGQYQACLRRLDEELRKRGTTESPSLTEVYETL 361
Query: 160 RGFGFAEPFNIYPSLGALVLHYAANSLEEHNDD 192
R + P Y + GAL L+ +L++ N+
Sbjct: 362 RDYNVLFPIAHYTNRGALYLY--RQNLQKLNNG 392
>gnl|CDD|198202 cd10339, SH2_RIN_family, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in Ras
and Rab interactor (RIN)-family. The RIN (AKA Ras
interaction/interference) family is composed of RIN1,
RIN2 and RIN3. These proteins have multifunctional
domains including SH2 and proline-rich (PR) domains in
the N-terminal region, and RIN-family homology (RH),
VPS9 and Ras-association (RA) domains in the C-terminal
region. RIN proteins function as Rab5-GEFs, and RIN3
specifically functions as a Rab31-GEF. In general SH2
domains are involved in signal transduction. They
typically bind pTyr-containing ligands via two surface
pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic binding pocket, allowing
proteins with SH2 domains to localize to tyrosine
phosphorylated sites.
Length = 101
Score = 27.1 bits (60), Expect = 2.6
Identities = 14/37 (37%), Positives = 21/37 (56%), Gaps = 1/37 (2%)
Query: 104 HDEKTWL-VRMSRAQAEALLSGRPDGTFLIRPSTTGQ 139
WL ++++ A+A +L P GTFL+R S T Q
Sbjct: 7 LTRPVWLQLQLNAAEAAHMLQTEPPGTFLVRKSNTRQ 43
>gnl|CDD|198255 cd10392, SH2_SHF, Src homology 2 domain found in SH2
domain-containing adapter protein F (SHF). SHF is
thought to play a role in PDGF-receptor signaling and
regulation of apoptosis. SHF is mainly expressed in
skeletal muscle, brain, liver, prostate, testis, ovary,
small intestine, and colon. SHF contains four putative
tyrosine phosphorylation sites and an SH2 domain. In
general SH2 domains are involved in signal transduction.
They typically bind pTyr-containing ligands via two
surface pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic binding pocket,
allowing proteins with SH2 domains to localize to
tyrosine phosphorylated sites.
Length = 98
Score = 27.0 bits (59), Expect = 2.7
Identities = 21/77 (27%), Positives = 38/77 (49%), Gaps = 3/77 (3%)
Query: 113 MSRAQAEALLSGRPDGTFLIRPSTTGQ--YALSIVCSGAPKHCLVYET-ERGFGFAEPFN 169
+SR AE LL + ++L+R S T + ++LS+ S H + T E + +
Sbjct: 8 ISRTDAENLLRLCKEASYLVRNSETSKNDFSLSLKSSQGFMHMKLSRTKEHKYVLGQNSP 67
Query: 170 IYPSLGALVLHYAANSL 186
+ S+ ++ HYA+ L
Sbjct: 68 PFSSVPEIIHHYASRKL 84
>gnl|CDD|215637 PLN03223, PLN03223, Polycystin cation channel protein; Provisional.
Length = 1634
Score = 28.4 bits (63), Expect = 2.8
Identities = 11/74 (14%), Positives = 15/74 (20%), Gaps = 4/74 (5%)
Query: 85 CPPMPSLSALNRTERDLPHHDEKTWLVRMSRAQAEALLSGRPDGTFLIRPSTTGQYALSI 144
C P L + H W S A + L + A
Sbjct: 367 CANSPDLMPSTWYGYNFNHSS--AWTANFSNTGI-ASGNVYWTRN-LFNVNMMNNTACRC 422
Query: 145 VCSGAPKHCLVYET 158
C + T
Sbjct: 423 WCVAGLDLSFCWRT 436
>gnl|CDD|198257 cd10394, SH2_RIN2, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in Ras and Rab
interactor 2 (RIN2)-like proteins. RIN2, a member of
the RIN (AKA Ras interaction/interference) family, have
multifunctional domains including SH2 and proline-rich
(PR) domains in the N-terminal region, and RIN-family
homology (RH), VPS9 and Ras-association (RA) domains in
the C-terminal region. RIN proteins function as
Rab5-GEFs. Ras induces activation of Rab5 through RIN2,
which is a direct downstream target of Ras and a direct
upstream regulator of Rab5. In other words it is the
binding of the GTP-bound form of Ras to the RA domain of
RIN2 that enhances the GEF activity toward Rab5. It is
thought that the RA domain negatively regulates the Rab5
GEF activity. In steady state, RIN2 is likely to form a
closed conformation by an intramolecular interaction
between the RA domain and the Vps9p-like (Rab5 GEF)
domain, negatively regulating the Rab5 GEF activity. In
the active state, the binding of Ras to the RA domain
may reduce the intramolecular interaction and stabilize
an open conformation of RIN2. In general SH2 domains are
involved in signal transduction. They typically bind
pTyr-containing ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr
and hydrophobic binding pocket, allowing proteins with
SH2 domains to localize to tyrosine phosphorylated
sites.
Length = 100
Score = 27.1 bits (60), Expect = 3.2
Identities = 13/37 (35%), Positives = 20/37 (54%), Gaps = 1/37 (2%)
Query: 104 HDEKTWL-VRMSRAQAEALLSGRPDGTFLIRPSTTGQ 139
H WL + +S +A +L +P G FL+R S+ Q
Sbjct: 7 HTHPIWLQLSLSEEEAAEVLQAQPPGIFLVRKSSKMQ 43
>gnl|CDD|191353 pfam05717, TnpB_IS66, IS66 Orf2 like protein. This protein is
found in insertion sequences related to IS66. The
function of these proteins is uncertain, but they are
probably essential for transposition.
Length = 108
Score = 27.1 bits (61), Expect = 3.3
Identities = 11/32 (34%), Positives = 15/32 (46%), Gaps = 3/32 (9%)
Query: 96 RTERD---LPHHDEKTWLVRMSRAQAEALLSG 124
R ER P + +VR++ AQ LL G
Sbjct: 65 RLERGRFVWPRDGAEDGVVRLTPAQLSWLLEG 96
>gnl|CDD|198237 cd10374, SH2_STAT3, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in signal
transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 3
proteins. STAT3 encoded by this gene is a member of the
STAT protein family. STAT3 mediates the expression of a
variety of genes in response to cell stimuli, and plays
a key role in many cellular processes such as cell
growth and apoptosis. The small GTPase Rac1 regulates
the activity of STAT3 and PIAS3 inhibits it. Three
alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding
distinct isoforms have been described. STAT 3 activation
is required for self-renewal of embryonic stem cells
(ESCs) and is essential for the differentiation of the
TH17 helper T cells. Mutations in the STAT3 gene result
in Hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome and human cancers.
STAT3 has been shown to interact with Androgen receptor,
C-jun, ELP2, EP300, Epidermal growth factor receptor,
Glucocorticoid receptor, HIF1A, Janus kinase 1, KHDRBS1,
Mammalian target of rapamycin, MyoD, NDUFA13, NFKB1,
Nuclear receptor coactivator 1, Promyelocytic leukemia
protein, RAC1, RELA, RET proto-oncogene, RPA2, Src,
STAT1, and TRIP10. STAT proteins mediate the signaling
of cytokines and a number of growth factors from the
receptors of these extracellular signaling molecules to
the cell nucleus. STATs are specifically phosphorylated
by receptor-associated Janus kinases, receptor tyrosine
kinases, or cytoplasmic tyrosine kinases. The
phosphorylated STAT molecules dimerize by reciprocal
binding of their SH2 domains to the phosphotyrosine
residues. These dimeric STATs translocate into the
nucleus, bind to specific DNA sequences, and regulate
the transcription of their target genes. However there
are a number of unphosphorylated STATs that travel
between the cytoplasm and nucleus and some STATs that
exist as dimers in unstimulated cells that can exert
biological functions independent of being activated.
There are seven mammalian STAT family members which have
been identified: STAT1, STAT2, STAT3, STAT4, STAT5
(STAT5A and STAT5B), and STAT6. There are 6 conserved
domains in STAT: N-terminal domain (NTD), coiled-coil
domain (CCD), DNA-binding domain (DBD), alpha-helical
linker domain (LD), SH2 domain, and transactivation
domain (TAD). NTD is involved in dimerization of
unphosphorylated STATs monomers and for the
tetramerization between STAT1, STAT3, STAT4 and STAT5 on
promoters with two or more tandem STAT binding sites.
It also plays a role in promoting interactions with
transcriptional co-activators such as CREB binding
protein (CBP)/p300, as well as being important for
nuclear import and deactivation of STATs involving
tyrosine de-phosphorylation. CCD interacts with other
proteins, such as IFN regulatory protein 9 (IRF-9/p48)
with STAT1 and c-JUN with STAT3 and is also thought to
participate in the negative regulation of these
proteins. Distinct genes are bound to STATs via their
DBD domain. This domain is also involved in nuclear
translocation of activated STAT1 and STAT3
phosphorylated dimers upon cytokine stimulation. LD
links the DNA-binding and SH2 domains and is important
for the transcriptional activation of STAT1 in response
to IFN-gamma. It also plays a role in protein-protein
interactions and has also been implicated in the
constitutive nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of
unphosphorylated STATs in resting cells. The SH2 domain
is necessary for receptor association and tyrosine
phosphodimer formation. Residues within this domain may
be particularly important for some cellular functions
mediated by the STATs as well as residues adjacent to
this domain. The TAD interacts with several proteins,
namely minichromosome maintenance complex component 5
(MCM5), breast cancer 1 (BRCA1) and CBP/p300. TAD also
contains a modulatory phosphorylation site that
regulates STAT activity and is necessary for maximal
transcription of a number of target genes. The conserved
tyrosine residue present in the C-terminus is crucial
for dimerization via interaction with the SH2 domain
upon the interaction of the ligand with the receptor.
STAT activation by tyrosine phosphorylation also
determines nuclear import and retention, DNA binding to
specific DNA elements in the promoters of responsive
genes, and transcriptional activation of STAT dimers. In
addition to the SH2 domain there is a coiled-coil
domain, a DNA binding domain, and a transactivation
domain in the STAT proteins. In general SH2 domains are
involved in signal transduction. They typically bind
pTyr-containing ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr
and hydrophobic binding pocket, allowing proteins with
SH2 domains to localize to tyrosine phosphorylated
sites.
Length = 162
Score = 27.3 bits (60), Expect = 3.9
Identities = 11/27 (40%), Positives = 19/27 (70%)
Query: 113 MSRAQAEALLSGRPDGTFLIRPSTTGQ 139
+S+ + A+LS +P GTFL+R S + +
Sbjct: 36 ISKERERAILSTKPPGTFLLRFSESSK 62
>gnl|CDD|118676 pfam10148, SCHIP-1, Schwannomin-interacting protein 1. Members of
this family are coiled coil protein involved in linking
membrane proteins to the cytoskeleton.
Length = 239
Score = 27.8 bits (61), Expect = 4.0
Identities = 18/53 (33%), Positives = 24/53 (45%), Gaps = 4/53 (7%)
Query: 72 SDSASTSGGPDTSCPPMP----SLSALNRTERDLPHHDEKTWLVRMSRAQAEA 120
+D + T DT PM SLS + E DL D+ +L + QAEA
Sbjct: 66 ADDSKTETSLDTPLSPMSKQSSSLSDRDTGEEDLDSLDDMDFLRLQKKLQAEA 118
>gnl|CDD|198205 cd10342, SH2_SAP1, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in
SLAM-associated protein (SAP)1. The X-linked
lymphoproliferative syndrome (XLP) gene encodes SAP
(also called SH2D1A/DSHP) a protein that consists of a 5
residue N-terminus, a single SH2 domain, and a short 25
residue C-terminal tail. XLP is characterized by an
extreme sensitivity to Epstein-Barr virus. Both T and
natural killer (NK) cell dysfunctions have been seen in
XLP patients. SAP binds the cytoplasmic tail of
Signaling lymphocytic activation molecule (SLAM), 2B4,
Ly-9, and CD84. SAP is believed to function as a
signaling inhibitor, by blocking or regulating binding
of other signaling proteins. SAP and the SAP-like
protein EAT-2 recognize the sequence motif TIpYXX[VI],
which is found in the cytoplasmic domains of a
restricted number of T, B, and NK cell surface receptors
and are proposed to be natural inhibitors or regulators
of the physiological role of a small family of receptors
on the surface of these cells. In general SH2 domains
are involved in signal transduction. They typically bind
pTyr-containing ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr
and hydrophobic binding pocket, allowing proteins with
SH2 domains to localize to tyrosine phosphorylated
sites.
Length = 103
Score = 26.5 bits (58), Expect = 4.3
Identities = 16/79 (20%), Positives = 29/79 (36%), Gaps = 10/79 (12%)
Query: 113 MSRAQAEALL-SGRPDGTFLIRPSTTGQYALSIVCSGAPKHCLVYETER---GFGFAE-- 166
+SR E LL + DG++L+R S + + C + Y + G AE
Sbjct: 10 ISRETGEKLLLATGLDGSYLLRDSESVPGVYCL-CVLYHGYIYTYRVSQTETGSWSAETA 68
Query: 167 ---PFNIYPSLGALVLHYA 182
+ + L+ +
Sbjct: 69 PGVHKRYFRKIKNLISAFQ 87
>gnl|CDD|212673 cd10231, YegD_like, Escherichia coli YegD, a putative chaperone
protein, and related proteins. This bacterial subfamily
includes the uncharacterized Escherichia coli YegD. It
belongs to the heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) family of
chaperones that assist in protein folding and assembly
and can direct incompetent "client" proteins towards
degradation. Typically, HSP70s have a nucleotide-binding
domain (NBD) and a substrate-binding domain (SBD). The
nucleotide sits in a deep cleft formed between the two
lobes of the NBD. The two subdomains of each lobe change
conformation between ATP-bound, ADP-bound, and
nucleotide-free states. ATP binding opens up the
substrate-binding site; substrate-binding increases the
rate of ATP hydrolysis. YegD lacks the SBD. HSP70
chaperone activity is regulated by various
co-chaperones: J-domain proteins and nucleotide exchange
factors (NEFs). Some family members are not chaperones
but instead, function as NEFs for their Hsp70 partners,
other family members function as both chaperones and
NEFs.
Length = 415
Score = 27.9 bits (63), Expect = 4.3
Identities = 22/75 (29%), Positives = 27/75 (36%), Gaps = 9/75 (12%)
Query: 57 DFLTMNCALAVTGGGSDSASTSGGPDTSCPPMPSLSALNRTERDLPHHDEKTWLVRMSRA 116
DF T N A+AV G G T+ P SAL + E V RA
Sbjct: 4 DFGTSNSAVAVARDGQPRLVPLEGGSTTLP-----SALFFPHEESALERE----VLFGRA 54
Query: 117 QAEALLSGRPDGTFL 131
A L G +G +
Sbjct: 55 AIAAYLEGPGEGRLM 69
>gnl|CDD|177776 PLN00181, PLN00181, protein SPA1-RELATED; Provisional.
Length = 793
Score = 27.4 bits (60), Expect = 5.6
Identities = 16/73 (21%), Positives = 33/73 (45%), Gaps = 1/73 (1%)
Query: 93 ALNRTERDLPHHDEKTWLVRMSRAQAEALLSGRPDGTFLIRPSTTGQYALSIVCSGAPKH 152
A ++ ++ H+++ W + S A L SG DG+ + G ++ + + A
Sbjct: 563 ARSQLVTEMKEHEKRVWSIDYSSADPTLLASGSDDGSVKLWSINQG-VSIGTIKTKANIC 621
Query: 153 CLVYETERGFGFA 165
C+ + +E G A
Sbjct: 622 CVQFPSESGRSLA 634
>gnl|CDD|218715 pfam05719, GPP34, Golgi phosphoprotein 3 (GPP34). This family
consists of several eukaryotic GPP34 like proteins.
GPP34 localises to the Golgi complex and is conserved
from yeast to humans. The cytosolic-ally exposed
location of GPP34 predict a role for a novel coat
protein in Golgi trafficking.
Length = 205
Score = 26.5 bits (59), Expect = 8.9
Identities = 22/104 (21%), Positives = 32/104 (30%), Gaps = 20/104 (19%)
Query: 45 GVASRGLSLAEQDFLTMNCALAVTGGGSDSASTSGGPDTSCPPMPSL-SALNRTERDLPH 103
+A G +L E L + + + GG D P L AL
Sbjct: 24 SLALAGAALLE---LALAGRVTLDGGRVVVVDARPTGD------PLLDEALAELRGASRP 74
Query: 104 HDEKTWLVRMS-RAQAEALLSG---------RPDGTFLIRPSTT 137
K WL R+S R E + +G + P+T
Sbjct: 75 RSVKDWLERLSGRGLRERVAAGLVARGILRREKRRFLGLFPTTR 118
>gnl|CDD|235115 PRK03317, PRK03317, histidinol-phosphate aminotransferase;
Provisional.
Length = 368
Score = 26.8 bits (60), Expect = 9.2
Identities = 14/26 (53%), Positives = 15/26 (57%), Gaps = 5/26 (19%)
Query: 21 MSEADHKSAAAGGRLGPGYSIADPGV 46
MS+A A AGGRL GY A P V
Sbjct: 226 MSKA---FAFAGGRL--GYLAAAPAV 246
>gnl|CDD|185594 PTZ00395, PTZ00395, Sec24-related protein; Provisional.
Length = 1560
Score = 27.0 bits (59), Expect = 9.3
Identities = 12/25 (48%), Positives = 14/25 (56%)
Query: 5 YHSTSSGNTPSSSGPPMSEADHKSA 29
Y +T N P S+ PP S DH SA
Sbjct: 459 YSNTPYSNAPLSNAPPSSAKDHHSA 483
>gnl|CDD|198252 cd10389, SH2_SHB, Src homology 2 domain found in SH2
domain-containing adapter protein B (SHB). SHB
functions in generating signaling compounds in response
to tyrosine kinase activation. SHB contains proline-rich
motifs, a phosphotyrosine binding (PTB) domain, tyrosine
phosphorylation sites, and a SH2 domain. SHB mediates
certain aspects of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)
receptor-, fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptor-,
neural growth factor (NGF) receptor TRKA-, T cell
receptor-, interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptor- and focal
adhesion kinase- (FAK) signaling. SRC-like FYN-Related
Kinase FRK/RAK (also named BSK/IYK or GTK) and SHB
regulate apoptosis, proliferation and differentiation.
SHB promotes apoptosis and is also required for proper
mitogenicity, spreading and tubular morphogenesis in
endothelial cells. SHB also plays a role in preventing
early cavitation of embryoid bodies and reduces
differentiation to cells expressing albumin, amylase,
insulin and glucagon. SHB is a multifunctional protein
that has difference responses in different cells under
various conditions. In general SH2 domains are involved
in signal transduction. They typically bind
pTyr-containing ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr
and hydrophobic binding pocket, allowing proteins with
SH2 domains to localize to tyrosine phosphorylated
sites.
Length = 97
Score = 25.4 bits (55), Expect = 10.0
Identities = 21/74 (28%), Positives = 37/74 (50%), Gaps = 9/74 (12%)
Query: 113 MSRAQAEALLSGRPDGTFLIRPSTTGQ--YALSIVCSGAPKHCLVYETERGFGFAE---P 167
+SR AE LL + ++L+R S T + Y+LS+ + H + +T+ + + P
Sbjct: 8 ISRGDAENLLRLCKECSYLVRNSQTSKHDYSLSLKSNQGFMHMKLAKTKEKYVLGQNSPP 67
Query: 168 FNIYPSLGALVLHY 181
F+ P V+HY
Sbjct: 68 FDSVPE----VIHY 77
Database: CDD.v3.10
Posted date: Mar 20, 2013 7:55 AM
Number of letters in database: 10,937,602
Number of sequences in database: 44,354
Lambda K H
0.313 0.131 0.393
Gapped
Lambda K H
0.267 0.0772 0.140
Matrix: BLOSUM62
Gap Penalties: Existence: 11, Extension: 1
Number of Sequences: 44354
Number of Hits to DB: 9,876,501
Number of extensions: 896185
Number of successful extensions: 702
Number of sequences better than 10.0: 1
Number of HSP's gapped: 676
Number of HSP's successfully gapped: 108
Length of query: 196
Length of database: 10,937,602
Length adjustment: 92
Effective length of query: 104
Effective length of database: 6,857,034
Effective search space: 713131536
Effective search space used: 713131536
Neighboring words threshold: 11
Window for multiple hits: 40
X1: 16 ( 7.2 bits)
X2: 38 (14.6 bits)
X3: 64 (24.7 bits)
S1: 42 (21.9 bits)
S2: 56 (25.3 bits)