RPS-BLAST 2.2.26 [Sep-21-2011]
Database: CDD.v3.10
44,354 sequences; 10,937,602 total letters
Searching..................................................done
Query= psy15307
(499 letters)
>gnl|CDD|145817 pfam02864, STAT_bind, STAT protein, DNA binding domain. STAT
proteins (Signal Transducers and Activators of
Transcription) are a family of transcription factors
that are specifically activated to regulate gene
transcription when cells encounter cytokines and growth
factors. This family represents the DNA binding domain
of STAT, which has an ig-like fold. STAT proteins also
include an SH2 domain pfam00017.
Length = 254
Score = 234 bits (599), Expect = 3e-74
Identities = 87/220 (39%), Positives = 124/220 (56%), Gaps = 15/220 (6%)
Query: 139 VKAQIICESQANALLKNEKIGKSDASGEILNNMGVMEYNTHSKVLSISLRNMQLKKIKRR 198
V +I+ E QA + I + + +ILN M + ++ ++LR +LKK KR
Sbjct: 47 VIDKIVSEKQAQRGFRKFNILGT--NTKILNMEESMNGSLAAEFRHLTLREQRLKKGKR- 103
Query: 199 PEKRGTESVMDEKFSLYFSSTFSIGGGELVFQVWTLSLPVVVIVHGNQEPNAHATITWDN 258
++G SV +E ++ F + F++ G L + TLSLPVVVI +GNQ PNA A+I W N
Sbjct: 104 ANRKGPLSVTEELHAILFETQFTVQG--LKIDLETLSLPVVVISNGNQLPNAWASILWYN 161
Query: 259 AFAEPGR--SPFVVPDKRPWKMIADVLMMKFESATGRTLDAENLNFLAEKAFRQATDIKM 316
A E R F+VP + W +++VL +F S GR L+ E L FLAEK F Q
Sbjct: 162 ALTEDPRNLVFFLVPPRVTWAQLSEVLSWQFSSEVGRGLNIEQLGFLAEKLFGQ------ 215
Query: 317 AECADYSNMLLNWSQFCKEPLPDRSFTFWDWFYAVMKLTR 356
+ YS ++WSQFCKE LP +SFTFW WF A++ L +
Sbjct: 216 --NSSYSGGSISWSQFCKENLPGKSFTFWQWFDAILDLVK 253
Score = 38.6 bits (90), Expect = 0.005
Identities = 15/64 (23%), Positives = 25/64 (39%), Gaps = 7/64 (10%)
Query: 378 EEMLASQVKGTFLLRFSDSELGGITIAWKGGPEKRGTVSVMDEKFSLYFSSTFSIGGGEL 437
E M S L + L A ++G +SV +E ++ F + F++ G L
Sbjct: 78 ESMNGSLAAEFRHLTLREQRLKKGKRA-----NRKGPLSVTEELHAILFETQFTVQG--L 130
Query: 438 VFQL 441
L
Sbjct: 131 KIDL 134
>gnl|CDD|198175 cd09919, SH2_STAT_family, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in
signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)
family. STAT proteins mediate the signaling of
cytokines and a number of growth factors from the
receptors of these extracellular signaling molecules to
the cell nucleus. STATs are specifically phosphorylated
by receptor-associated Janus kinases, receptor tyrosine
kinases, or cytoplasmic tyrosine kinases. The
phosphorylated STAT molecules dimerize by reciprocal
binding of their SH2 domains to the phosphotyrosine
residues. These dimeric STATs translocate into the
nucleus, bind to specific DNA sequences, and regulate
the transcription of their target genes. However there
are a number of unphosphorylated STATs that travel
between the cytoplasm and nucleus and some STATs that
exist as dimers in unstimulated cells that can exert
biological functions independent of being activated by a
receptor. There are seven mammalian STAT family members
which have been identified: STAT1, STAT2, STAT3, STAT4,
STAT5 (STAT5A and STAT5B), and STAT6. There are 6
conserved domains in STAT: N-terminal domain (NTD),
coiled-coil domain (CCD), DNA-binding domain (DBD),
alpha-helical linker domain (LD), SH2 domain, and
transactivation domain (TAD). NTD is involved in
dimerization of unphosphorylated STATs monomers and for
the tetramerization between STAT1, STAT3, STAT4 and
STAT5 on promoters with two or more tandem STAT binding
sites. It also plays a role in promoting interactions
with transcriptional co-activators such as CREB binding
protein (CBP)/p300, as well as being important for
nuclear import and deactivation of STATs involving
tyrosine de-phosphorylation. The CCD interacts with
other proteins, such as IFN regulatory protein 9
(IRF-9/p48) with STAT1 and c-JUN with STAT3 and is also
thought to participate in the negative regulation of
these proteins. Distinct genes are bound to STATs via
their DBD domain. This domain is also involved in
nuclear translocation of activated STAT1 and STAT3
phosphorylated dimers upon cytokine stimulation. LD
links the DNA-binding and SH2 domains and is important
for the transcriptional activation of STAT1 in response
to IFN-gamma. It also plays a role in protein-protein
interactions and has also been implicated in the
constitutive nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of
unphosphorylated STATs in resting cells. The SH2 domain
is necessary for receptor association and tyrosine
phosphodimer formation. Residues within this domain may
be particularly important for some cellular functions
mediated by the STATs as well as residues adjacent to
this domain. The TAD interacts with several proteins,
namely minichromosome maintenance complex component 5
(MCM5), breast cancer 1 (BRCA1) and CBP/p300. TAD also
contains a modulatory phosphorylation site that
regulates STAT activity and is necessary for maximal
transcription of a number of target genes. The conserved
tyrosine residue present in the C-terminus is crucial
for dimerization via interaction with the SH2 domain
upon the interaction of the ligand with the receptor.
STAT activation by tyrosine phosphorylation also
determines nuclear import and retention, DNA binding to
specific DNA elements in the promoters of responsive
genes, and transcriptional activation of STAT dimers. In
addition to the SH2 domain there is a coiled-coil
domain, a DNA binding domain, and a transactivation
domain in the STAT proteins. In general SH2 domains are
involved in signal transduction. They typically bind
pTyr-containing ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr
and hydrophobic binding pocket, allowing proteins with
SH2 domains to localize to tyrosine phosphorylated
sites.
Length = 115
Score = 140 bits (354), Expect = 5e-40
Identities = 53/82 (64%), Positives = 63/82 (76%), Gaps = 4/82 (4%)
Query: 1 MLASQVKGTFLLRFSDSELGGITIAWKGDN----TEVFMLQPFTSKDFQIRNLADRISDL 56
+L + GTFLLRFSDSELGGITIAW ++ ++V LQP+T KD IR+LADRI DL
Sbjct: 34 LLKKKPPGTFLLRFSDSELGGITIAWVNEDPDGQSQVIHLQPYTKKDLDIRSLADRIRDL 93
Query: 57 PHLVYLYPDKPKDQAFSKYYTP 78
P LVYLYPD PKD+AF KYY+P
Sbjct: 94 PQLVYLYPDIPKDEAFGKYYSP 115
Score = 104 bits (262), Expect = 6e-27
Identities = 38/61 (62%), Positives = 47/61 (77%)
Query: 347 WFYAVMKLTREHLKNVWTDGHIMGFVRKRKAEEMLASQVKGTFLLRFSDSELGGITIAWK 406
WF+A+M LT+ HL +W DG IMGF+ K +AE++L + GTFLLRFSDSELGGITIAW
Sbjct: 1 WFFAIMLLTKRHLLKLWQDGLIMGFISKEEAEDLLKKKPPGTFLLRFSDSELGGITIAWV 60
Query: 407 G 407
Sbjct: 61 N 61
>gnl|CDD|198239 cd10376, SH2_STAT5, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in signal
transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 5
proteins. STAT5 is a member of the STAT family of
transcription factors. Two highly related proteins,
STAT5a and STAT5b are encoded by separate genes, but are
90% identical at the amino acid level. Both STAT5a and
STAT5b are ubiquitously expressed and functionally
interchangeable. Mice lacking either STAT5a or STAT5b
have mild defects in prolactin dependent mammary
differentiation or sexually dimorphic growth
hormone-dependent effects, respectively. Mice lacking
both STAT5a and STAT5b exhibit a perinatal lethal
phenotype and have multiple defects, including anemia
and a virtual absence of B and T lymphocytes. STAT
proteins mediate the signaling of cytokines and a number
of growth factors from the receptors of these
extracellular signaling molecules to the cell nucleus.
STATs are specifically phosphorylated by
receptor-associated Janus kinases, receptor tyrosine
kinases, or cytoplasmic tyrosine kinases. The
phosphorylated STAT molecules dimerize by reciprocal
binding of their SH2 domains to the phosphotyrosine
residues. These dimeric STATs translocate into the
nucleus, bind to specific DNA sequences, and regulate
the transcription of their target genes. However there
are a number of unphosphorylated STATs that travel
between the cytoplasm and nucleus and some STATs that
exist as dimers in unstimulated cells that can exert
biological functions independent of being activated.
There are seven mammalian STAT family members which have
been identified: STAT1, STAT2, STAT3, STAT4, STAT5
(STAT5A and STAT5B), and STAT6. There are 6 conserved
domains in STAT: N-terminal domain (NTD), coiled-coil
domain (CCD), DNA-binding domain (DBD), alpha-helical
linker domain (LD), SH2 domain, and transactivation
domain (TAD). NTD is involved in dimerization of
unphosphorylated STATs monomers and for the
tetramerization between STAT1, STAT3, STAT4 and STAT5 on
promoters with two or more tandem STAT binding sites.
It also plays a role in promoting interactions with
transcriptional co-activators such as CREB binding
protein (CBP)/p300, as well as being important for
nuclear import and deactivation of STATs involving
tyrosine de-phosphorylation. CCD interacts with other
proteins, such as IFN regulatory protein 9 (IRF-9/p48)
with STAT1 and c-JUN with STAT3 and is also thought to
participate in the negative regulation of these
proteins. Distinct genes are bound to STATs via their
DBD domain. This domain is also involved in nuclear
translocation of activated STAT1 and STAT3
phosphorylated dimers upon cytokine stimulation. LD
links the DNA-binding and SH2 domains and is important
for the transcriptional activation of STAT1 in response
to IFN-gamma. It also plays a role in protein-protein
interactions and has also been implicated in the
constitutive nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of
unphosphorylated STATs in resting cells. The SH2 domain
is necessary for receptor association and tyrosine
phosphodimer formation. Residues within this domain may
be particularly important for some cellular functions
mediated by the STATs as well as residues adjacent to
this domain. The TAD interacts with several proteins,
namely minichromosome maintenance complex component 5
(MCM5), breast cancer 1 (BRCA1) and CBP/p300. TAD also
contains a modulatory phosphorylation site that
regulates STAT activity and is necessary for maximal
transcription of a number of target genes. The conserved
tyrosine residue present in the C-terminus is crucial
for dimerization via interaction with the SH2 domain
upon the interaction of the ligand with the receptor.
STAT activation by tyrosine phosphorylation also
determines nuclear import and retention, DNA binding to
specific DNA elements in the promoters of responsive
genes, and transcriptional activation of STAT dimers. In
addition to the SH2 domain there is a coiled-coil
domain, a DNA binding domain, and a transactivation
domain in the STAT proteins.
Length = 137
Score = 123 bits (310), Expect = 1e-33
Identities = 57/102 (55%), Positives = 77/102 (75%), Gaps = 3/102 (2%)
Query: 1 MLASQVKGTFLLRFSDSELGGITIAWKGDNTE--VFMLQPFTSKDFQIRNLADRISDLPH 58
+L ++ GTFLLRFSDSE+GGITIAWK D+ + ++ L PFT++DF IR+LADR+ DL +
Sbjct: 34 LLINKPDGTFLLRFSDSEIGGITIAWKFDSPDRALWNLMPFTTRDFSIRSLADRLGDLNY 93
Query: 59 LVYLYPDKPKDQAFSKYYTPFQDSQPMGTNGYVKPVLVTHVP 100
L+Y++PD+PKD+ FSKYYTP P +GYVKP + VP
Sbjct: 94 LIYVFPDRPKDEVFSKYYTPVL-CNPSAVDGYVKPQIKQVVP 134
Score = 83.9 bits (207), Expect = 3e-19
Identities = 36/60 (60%), Positives = 48/60 (80%)
Query: 347 WFYAVMKLTREHLKNVWTDGHIMGFVRKRKAEEMLASQVKGTFLLRFSDSELGGITIAWK 406
WF VM++ ++HLK W DG I+GFV K++A ++L ++ GTFLLRFSDSE+GGITIAWK
Sbjct: 1 WFDGVMEVLKKHLKPHWNDGAILGFVNKQQAHDLLINKPDGTFLLRFSDSEIGGITIAWK 60
>gnl|CDD|198283 cd10420, SH2_STAT5b, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in signal
transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 5b
proteins. STAT5 is a member of the STAT family of
transcription factors. Two highly related proteins,
STAT5a and STAT5b are encoded by separate genes, but are
90% identical at the amino acid level. Both STAT5a and
STAT5b are ubiquitously expressed and functionally
interchangeable. Mice lacking either STAT5a or STAT5b
have mild defects in prolactin dependent mammary
differentiation or sexually dimorphic growth
hormone-dependent effects, respectively. Mice lacking
both STAT5a and STAT5b exhibit a perinatal lethal
phenotype and have multiple defects, including anemia
and a virtual absence of B and T lymphocytes. STAT
proteins mediate the signaling of cytokines and a number
of growth factors from the receptors of these
extracellular signaling molecules to the cell nucleus.
STATs are specifically phosphorylated by
receptor-associated Janus kinases, receptor tyrosine
kinases, or cytoplasmic tyrosine kinases. The
phosphorylated STAT molecules dimerize by reciprocal
binding of their SH2 domains to the phosphotyrosine
residues. These dimeric STATs translocate into the
nucleus, bind to specific DNA sequences, and regulate
the transcription of their target genes. However there
are a number of unphosphorylated STATs that travel
between the cytoplasm and nucleus and some STATs that
exist as dimers in unstimulated cells that can exert
biological functions independent of being activated.
There are seven mammalian STAT family members which have
been identified: STAT1, STAT2, STAT3, STAT4, STAT5
(STAT5A and STAT5B), and STAT6. There are 6 conserved
domains in STAT: N-terminal domain (NTD), coiled-coil
domain (CCD), DNA-binding domain (DBD), alpha-helical
linker domain (LD), SH2 domain, and transactivation
domain (TAD). NTD is involved in dimerization of
unphosphorylated STATs monomers and for the
tetramerization between STAT1, STAT3, STAT4 and STAT5 on
promoters with two or more tandem STAT binding sites.
It also plays a role in promoting interactions with
transcriptional co-activators such as CREB binding
protein (CBP)/p300, as well as being important for
nuclear import and deactivation of STATs involving
tyrosine de-phosphorylation. CCD interacts with other
proteins, such as IFN regulatory protein 9 (IRF-9/p48)
with STAT1 and c-JUN with STAT3 and is also thought to
participate in the negative regulation of these
proteins. Distinct genes are bound to STATs via their
DBD domain. This domain is also involved in nuclear
translocation of activated STAT1 and STAT3
phosphorylated dimers upon cytokine stimulation. LD
links the DNA-binding and SH2 domains and is important
for the transcriptional activation of STAT1 in response
to IFN-gamma. It also plays a role in protein-protein
interactions and has also been implicated in the
constitutive nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of
unphosphorylated STATs in resting cells. The SH2 domain
is necessary for receptor association and tyrosine
phosphodimer formation. Residues within this domain may
be particularly important for some cellular functions
mediated by the STATs as well as residues adjacent to
this domain. The TAD interacts with several proteins,
namely minichromosome maintenance complex component 5
(MCM5), breast cancer 1 (BRCA1) and CBP/p300. TAD also
contains a modulatory phosphorylation site that
regulates STAT activity and is necessary for maximal
transcription of a number of target genes. The conserved
tyrosine residue present in the C-terminus is crucial
for dimerization via interaction with the SH2 domain
upon the interaction of the ligand with the receptor.
STAT activation by tyrosine phosphorylation also
determines nuclear import and retention, DNA binding to
specific DNA elements in the promoters of responsive
genes, and transcriptional activation of STAT dimers. In
addition to the SH2 domain there is a coiled-coil
domain, a DNA binding domain, and a transactivation
domain in the STAT proteins. In general SH2 domains are
involved in signal transduction. They typically bind
pTyr-containing ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr
and hydrophobic binding pocket, allowing proteins with
SH2 domains to localize to tyrosine phosphorylated
sites.
Length = 145
Score = 115 bits (289), Expect = 1e-30
Identities = 56/104 (53%), Positives = 77/104 (74%), Gaps = 4/104 (3%)
Query: 1 MLASQVKGTFLLRFSDSELGGITIAWKGDNTE--VFMLQPFTSKDFQIRNLADRISDLPH 58
+L ++ GTFLLRFSDSE+GGITIAWK D+ E + L PFT++DF IR+LADR+ DL +
Sbjct: 34 LLINKPDGTFLLRFSDSEIGGITIAWKFDSQERMFWNLMPFTTRDFSIRSLADRLGDLNY 93
Query: 59 LVYLYPDKPKDQAFSKYYTPF--QDSQPMGTNGYVKPVLVTHVP 100
L+Y++PD+PKD+ +SKYYTP + + +GYVKP + VP
Sbjct: 94 LIYVFPDRPKDEVYSKYYTPVPCEPATAKAVDGYVKPQIKQVVP 137
Score = 82.0 bits (202), Expect = 1e-18
Identities = 37/66 (56%), Positives = 51/66 (77%)
Query: 347 WFYAVMKLTREHLKNVWTDGHIMGFVRKRKAEEMLASQVKGTFLLRFSDSELGGITIAWK 406
WF VM++ ++HLK W DG I+GFV K++A ++L ++ GTFLLRFSDSE+GGITIAWK
Sbjct: 1 WFDGVMEVLKKHLKPHWNDGAILGFVNKQQAHDLLINKPDGTFLLRFSDSEIGGITIAWK 60
Query: 407 GGPEKR 412
++R
Sbjct: 61 FDSQER 66
>gnl|CDD|198284 cd10421, SH2_STAT5a, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in signal
transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 5a
proteins. STAT5 is a member of the STAT family of
transcription factors. Two highly related proteins,
STAT5a and STAT5b are encoded by separate genes, but are
90% identical at the amino acid level. Both STAT5a and
STAT5b are ubiquitously expressed and functionally
interchangeable. Mice lacking either STAT5a or STAT5b
have mild defects in prolactin dependent mammary
differentiation or sexually dimorphic growth
hormone-dependent effects, respectively. Mice lacking
both STAT5a and STAT5b exhibit a perinatal lethal
phenotype and have multiple defects, including anemia
and a virtual absence of B and T lymphocytes. STAT
proteins mediate the signaling of cytokines and a number
of growth factors from the receptors of these
extracellular signaling molecules to the cell nucleus.
STATs are specifically phosphorylated by
receptor-associated Janus kinases, receptor tyrosine
kinases, or cytoplasmic tyrosine kinases. The
phosphorylated STAT molecules dimerize by reciprocal
binding of their SH2 domains to the phosphotyrosine
residues. These dimeric STATs translocate into the
nucleus, bind to specific DNA sequences, and regulate
the transcription of their target genes. However there
are a number of unphosphorylated STATs that travel
between the cytoplasm and nucleus and some STATs that
exist as dimers in unstimulated cells that can exert
biological functions independent of being activated.
There are seven mammalian STAT family members which have
been identified: STAT1, STAT2, STAT3, STAT4, STAT5
(STAT5A and STAT5B), and STAT6. There are 6 conserved
domains in STAT: N-terminal domain (NTD), coiled-coil
domain (CCD), DNA-binding domain (DBD), alpha-helical
linker domain (LD), SH2 domain, and transactivation
domain (TAD). NTD is involved in dimerization of
unphosphorylated STATs monomers and for the
tetramerization between STAT1, STAT3, STAT4 and STAT5 on
promoters with two or more tandem STAT binding sites.
It also plays a role in promoting interactions with
transcriptional co-activators such as CREB binding
protein (CBP)/p300, as well as being important for
nuclear import and deactivation of STATs involving
tyrosine de-phosphorylation. CCD interacts with other
proteins, such as IFN regulatory protein 9 (IRF-9/p48)
with STAT1 and c-JUN with STAT3 and is also thought to
participate in the negative regulation of these
proteins. Distinct genes are bound to STATs via their
DBD domain. This domain is also involved in nuclear
translocation of activated STAT1 and STAT3
phosphorylated dimers upon cytokine stimulation. LD
links the DNA-binding and SH2 domains and is important
for the transcriptional activation of STAT1 in response
to IFN-gamma. It also plays a role in protein-protein
interactions and has also been implicated in the
constitutive nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of
unphosphorylated STATs in resting cells. The SH2 domain
is necessary for receptor association and tyrosine
phosphodimer formation. Residues within this domain may
be particularly important for some cellular functions
mediated by the STATs as well as residues adjacent to
this domain. The TAD interacts with several proteins,
namely minichromosome maintenance complex component 5
(MCM5), breast cancer 1 (BRCA1) and CBP/p300. TAD also
contains a modulatory phosphorylation site that
regulates STAT activity and is necessary for maximal
transcription of a number of target genes. The conserved
tyrosine residue present in the C-terminus is crucial
for dimerization via interaction with the SH2 domain
upon the interaction of the ligand with the receptor.
STAT activation by tyrosine phosphorylation also
determines nuclear import and retention, DNA binding to
specific DNA elements in the promoters of responsive
genes, and transcriptional activation of STAT dimers. In
addition to the SH2 domain there is a coiled-coil
domain, a DNA binding domain, and a transactivation
domain in the STAT proteins. In general SH2 domains are
involved in signal transduction. They typically bind
pTyr-containing ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr
and hydrophobic binding pocket, allowing proteins with
SH2 domains to localize to tyrosine phosphorylated
sites.
Length = 140
Score = 111 bits (279), Expect = 3e-29
Identities = 56/102 (54%), Positives = 77/102 (75%), Gaps = 5/102 (4%)
Query: 1 MLASQVKGTFLLRFSDSELGGITIAWKGDNTE--VFMLQPFTSKDFQIRNLADRISDLPH 58
+L ++ GTFLLRFSDSE+GGITIAWK D+ + ++ L+PFT++DF IR+LADR+ DL +
Sbjct: 34 LLINKPDGTFLLRFSDSEIGGITIAWKFDSPDRNLWNLKPFTTRDFSIRSLADRLGDLNY 93
Query: 59 LVYLYPDKPKDQAFSKYYTPFQDSQPMGTNGYVKPVLVTHVP 100
L+Y++PD+PKD+ FSKYYTP +GYVKP + VP
Sbjct: 94 LIYVFPDRPKDEVFSKYYTPVLAK---AVDGYVKPQIKQVVP 132
Score = 78.9 bits (194), Expect = 2e-17
Identities = 35/60 (58%), Positives = 47/60 (78%)
Query: 347 WFYAVMKLTREHLKNVWTDGHIMGFVRKRKAEEMLASQVKGTFLLRFSDSELGGITIAWK 406
WF VM++ ++H K W DG I+GFV K++A ++L ++ GTFLLRFSDSE+GGITIAWK
Sbjct: 1 WFDGVMEVLKKHHKPHWNDGAILGFVNKQQAHDLLINKPDGTFLLRFSDSEIGGITIAWK 60
>gnl|CDD|198240 cd10377, SH2_STAT6, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in signal
transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 6
proteins. STAT6 mediate signals from the IL-4 receptor.
Unlike the other STAT proteins which bind an IFNgamma
Activating Sequence (GAS), STAT6 stands out as having a
unique binding site preference. This site consists of a
palindromic sequence separated by a 3 bp spacer
(TTCNNNG-AA)(N3 site). STAT6 is able to bind the GAS
site but only at a low affinity. STAT6 may be an
important regulator of mitogenesis when cells respond
normally to IL-4. There is speculation that the
inappropriate activation of STAT6 is involved in
uncontrolled cell growth in an oncogenic state. IFNgamma
is a negative regulator of STAT6 dependent transcription
of target genes. Bcl-6 is another negative regulator of
STAT6 activity. Bcl-6 is a transcriptional repressor
normally expressed in germinal center B cells and some T
cells. IL-4 signaling via STAT6 initially occurs
unopposed, but is then dampened by a negative feedback
mechanism through the IL-4/Stat6 dependent induction of
SOCS1 expression. The IL-4 dependent aspect of Th2
differentiation requires the activation of STAT6. IL-4
signaling and STAT6 appear to play an important role in
the immune response. Recently, it was shown that large
scale chromatin remodeling of the IL-4 gene occurs as
cells differentiate into Th2 effectors is STAT6
dependent. STAT proteins mediate the signaling of
cytokines and a number of growth factors from the
receptors of these extracellular signaling molecules to
the cell nucleus. STATs are specifically phosphorylated
by receptor-associated Janus kinases, receptor tyrosine
kinases, or cytoplasmic tyrosine kinases. The
phosphorylated STAT molecules dimerize by reciprocal
binding of their SH2 domains to the phosphotyrosine
residues. These dimeric STATs translocate into the
nucleus, bind to specific DNA sequences, and regulate
the transcription of their target genes. However there
are a number of unphosphorylated STATs that travel
between the cytoplasm and nucleus and some STATs that
exist as dimers in unstimulated cells that can exert
biological functions independent of being activated.
There are seven mammalian STAT family members which have
been identified: STAT1, STAT2, STAT3, STAT4, STAT5
(STAT5A and STAT5B), and STAT6. There are 6 conserved
domains in STAT: N-terminal domain (NTD), coiled-coil
domain (CCD), DNA-binding domain (DBD), alpha-helical
linker domain (LD), SH2 domain, and transactivation
domain (TAD). NTD is involved in dimerization of
unphosphorylated STATs monomers and for the
tetramerization between STAT1, STAT3, STAT4 and STAT5 on
promoters with two or more tandem STAT binding sites.
It also plays a role in promoting interactions with
transcriptional co-activators such as CREB binding
protein (CBP)/p300, as well as being important for
nuclear import and deactivation of STATs involving
tyrosine de-phosphorylation. CCD interacts with other
proteins, such as IFN regulatory protein 9 (IRF-9/p48)
with STAT1 and c-JUN with STAT3 and is also thought to
participate in the negative regulation of these
proteins. Distinct genes are bound to STATs via their
DBD domain. This domain is also involved in nuclear
translocation of activated STAT1 and STAT3
phosphorylated dimers upon cytokine stimulation. LD
links the DNA-binding and SH2 domains and is important
for the transcriptional activation of STAT1 in response
to IFN-gamma. It also plays a role in protein-protein
interactions and has also been implicated in the
constitutive nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of
unphosphorylated STATs in resting cells. The SH2 domain
is necessary for receptor association and tyrosine
phosphodimer formation. Residues within this domain may
be particularly important for some cellular functions
mediated by the STATs as well as residues adjacent to
this domain. The TAD interacts with several proteins,
namely minichromosome maintenance complex component 5
(MCM5), breast cancer 1 (BRCA1) and CBP/p300. TAD also
contains a modulatory phosphorylation site that
regulates STAT activity and is necessary for maximal
transcription of a number of target genes. The conserved
tyrosine residue present in the C-terminus is crucial
for dimerization via interaction with the SH2 domain
upon the interaction of the ligand with the receptor.
STAT activation by tyrosine phosphorylation also
determines nuclear import and retention, DNA binding to
specific DNA elements in the promoters of responsive
genes, and transcriptional activation of STAT dimers. In
addition to the SH2 domain there is a coiled-coil
domain, a DNA binding domain, and a transactivation
domain in the STAT proteins. In general SH2 domains are
involved in signal transduction. They typically bind
pTyr-containing ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr
and hydrophobic binding pocket, allowing proteins with
SH2 domains to localize to tyrosine phosphorylated
sites.
Length = 129
Score = 108 bits (271), Expect = 3e-28
Identities = 48/95 (50%), Positives = 62/95 (65%), Gaps = 7/95 (7%)
Query: 1 MLASQVKGTFLLRFSDSELGGITIAW--KGDN--TEVFMLQPFTSKDFQIRNLADRISDL 56
+L ++ GTFLLRFSDSE+GGITIA +G + ++ +QPF++KD IR+L DRI DL
Sbjct: 34 LLLNEPDGTFLLRFSDSEIGGITIAHVIRGQDGSPQIENIQPFSAKDLSIRSLGDRIRDL 93
Query: 57 PHLVYLYPDKPKDQAFSKYYTPFQDSQPMGTNGYV 91
L LYP KPKD+AF +Y P Q GYV
Sbjct: 94 AQLKNLYPKKPKDEAFRSHYKPEQMKDG---RGYV 125
Score = 82.9 bits (205), Expect = 4e-19
Identities = 30/59 (50%), Positives = 42/59 (71%)
Query: 347 WFYAVMKLTREHLKNVWTDGHIMGFVRKRKAEEMLASQVKGTFLLRFSDSELGGITIAW 405
WF V+ LT+ L++ W+D I+GF+ K+ +L ++ GTFLLRFSDSE+GGITIA
Sbjct: 1 WFDGVLDLTKRCLRSYWSDRLIIGFISKQYVTSLLLNEPDGTFLLRFSDSEIGGITIAH 59
>gnl|CDD|198236 cd10373, SH2_STAT2, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in signal
transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 2
proteins. STAT2 is a member of the STAT protein family.
In response to interferon, STAT2 forms a complex with
STAT1 and IFN regulatory factor family protein p48
(ISGF3G), in which this protein acts as a
transactivator, but lacks the ability to bind DNA
directly. Transcription adaptor P300/CBP (EP300/CREBBP)
has been shown to interact specifically with STAT2,
which is thought to be involved in the process of
blocking IFN-alpha response by adenovirus. STAT2 has
been shown to interact with MED14, CREB-binding protein,
SMARCA4, STAT1, IFNAR2, IFNAR1, and ISGF3G. STAT
proteins mediate the signaling of cytokines and a number
of growth factors from the receptors of these
extracellular signaling molecules to the cell nucleus.
STATs are specifically phosphorylated by
receptor-associated Janus kinases, receptor tyrosine
kinases, or cytoplasmic tyrosine kinases. The
phosphorylated STAT molecules dimerize by reciprocal
binding of their SH2 domains to the phosphotyrosine
residues. These dimeric STATs translocate into the
nucleus, bind to specific DNA sequences, and regulate
the transcription of their target genes. However there
are a number of unphosphorylated STATs that travel
between the cytoplasm and nucleus and some STATs that
exist as dimers in unstimulated cells that can exert
biological functions independent of being activated.
There are seven mammalian STAT family members which have
been identified: STAT1, STAT2, STAT3, STAT4, STAT5
(STAT5A and STAT5B), and STAT6. There are 6 conserved
domains in STAT: N-terminal domain (NTD), coiled-coil
domain (CCD), DNA-binding domain (DBD), alpha-helical
linker domain (LD), SH2 domain, and transactivation
domain (TAD). NTD is involved in dimerization of
unphosphorylated STATs monomers and for the
tetramerization between STAT1, STAT3, STAT4 and STAT5 on
promoters with two or more tandem STAT binding sites.
It also plays a role in promoting interactions with
transcriptional co-activators such as CREB binding
protein (CBP)/p300, as well as being important for
nuclear import and deactivation of STATs involving
tyrosine de-phosphorylation. CCD interacts with other
proteins, such as IFN regulatory protein 9 (IRF-9/p48)
with STAT1 and c-JUN with STAT3 and is also thought to
participate in the negative regulation of these
proteins. Distinct genes are bound to STATs via their
DBD domain. This domain is also involved in nuclear
translocation of activated STAT1 and STAT3
phosphorylated dimers upon cytokine stimulation. LD
links the DNA-binding and SH2 domains and is important
for the transcriptional activation of STAT1 in response
to IFN-gamma. It also plays a role in protein-protein
interactions and has also been implicated in the
constitutive nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of
unphosphorylated STATs in resting cells. The SH2 domain
is necessary for receptor association and tyrosine
phosphodimer formation. Residues within this domain may
be particularly important for some cellular functions
mediated by the STATs as well as residues adjacent to
this domain. The TAD interacts with several proteins,
namely minichromosome maintenance complex component 5
(MCM5), breast cancer 1 (BRCA1) and CBP/p300. TAD also
contains a modulatory phosphorylation site that
regulates STAT activity and is necessary for maximal
transcription of a number of target genes. The conserved
tyrosine residue present in the C-terminus is crucial
for dimerization via interaction with the SH2 domain
upon the interaction of the ligand with the receptor.
STAT activation by tyrosine phosphorylation also
determines nuclear import and retention, DNA binding to
specific DNA elements in the promoters of responsive
genes, and transcriptional activation of STAT dimers. In
addition to the SH2 domain there is a coiled-coil
domain, a DNA binding domain, and a transactivation
domain in the STAT proteins. In general SH2 domains are
involved in signal transduction. They typically bind
pTyr-containing ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr
and hydrophobic binding pocket, allowing proteins with
SH2 domains to localize to tyrosine phosphorylated
sites.
Length = 151
Score = 80.7 bits (199), Expect = 5e-18
Identities = 27/59 (45%), Positives = 40/59 (67%)
Query: 347 WFYAVMKLTREHLKNVWTDGHIMGFVRKRKAEEMLASQVKGTFLLRFSDSELGGITIAW 405
W +++L +HLK++W DG IMGFV + + +L + GTFLLRFS++ GGIT +W
Sbjct: 1 WLDKILELVHDHLKDLWKDGRIMGFVSRNQERRLLKKTISGTFLLRFSETSEGGITCSW 59
Score = 64.1 bits (156), Expect = 3e-12
Identities = 32/90 (35%), Positives = 48/90 (53%), Gaps = 14/90 (15%)
Query: 1 MLASQVKGTFLLRFSDSELGGITIAW----KGDNTEVFMLQPFTSKDFQIRNLADRIS-- 54
+L + GTFLLRFS++ GGIT +W D ++ +QP+T + Q L + I
Sbjct: 34 LLKKTISGTFLLRFSETSEGGITCSWVEHQDDDKVLIYSVQPYTKEVLQSLPLTEIIRHY 93
Query: 55 ------DLPH--LVYLYPDKPKDQAFSKYY 76
++P L +LYP P+D+AF YY
Sbjct: 94 QLLTEENIPENPLRFLYPRIPRDEAFGCYY 123
>gnl|CDD|198238 cd10375, SH2_STAT4, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in signal
transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)
4proteins. STAT4 mediate signals from the IL-12
receptors. STAT4 is mainly phosphorylated by
IL-12-mediated signaling pathway in T cells. STAT4
expression is restricted in myeloid cells, thymus and
testis. L-12 is the major cytokine that can activate
STAT4, resulting in its tyrosine phosphorylation. The
IL-12 receptor has two chains, termed IL-12R 1 and
IL-12R 2, and ligand binding results in heterodimer
formation and activation of the receptor associated JAK
kinases, Jak2 and Tyk2. Phosphorylated STAT4
homo-dimerizes via its SH2 domain, and translocates into
nucleus where it can recognize traditional N3 STAT
target sequences in IL-12 responsive genes. STAT4 can
also be phosphorylated in response to IFN-gamma
stimulation through activation of Jak1 and Tyk2 in
human. IL-17 can also activate STAT4 in human monocytic
leukemia cell lines and IL-2 can induce Jak2 and Stat4
activation in NK cells but not in T cells. T helper 1
(Th1) cells produce IL-2 and IFNgamma, whereas Th2 cells
secrete IL-4, IL-5, IL-6 and IL-13. Th1 cells are
responsible for cell-mediated/inflammatory immunity and
can enhance defenses against infectious agents and
cancer, while Th2 cells are essential for humoral
immunity and the clearance of parasitic antigens. The
most potent factors that can promote Th1 and Th2
differentiation are the cytokines IL-12 and IL-4
respectively Although STAT4 is expressed both in Th1 and
Th2 cells, STAT4 can only be phosphorylated by IL-12
which suggests that STAT4 plays an important role in Th1
cell function or development. STAT4 activation leads to
Th1 differentiation, including the target genes of STAT4
such as ERM, a transcription factor that belongs to the
Ets family of transcription factors. The expression of
ERM is specifically induced by IL-12 in wild-type Th1
cells, but not in STAT4-deficient T cells. STAT proteins
mediate the signaling of cytokines and a number of
growth factors from the receptors of these extracellular
signaling molecules to the cell nucleus. STATs are
specifically phosphorylated by receptor-associated Janus
kinases, receptor tyrosine kinases, or cytoplasmic
tyrosine kinases. The phosphorylated STAT molecules
dimerize by reciprocal binding of their SH2 domains to
the phosphotyrosine residues. These dimeric STATs
translocate into the nucleus, bind to specific DNA
sequences, and regulate the transcription of their
target genes. However there are a number of
unphosphorylated STATs that travel between the cytoplasm
and nucleus and some STATs that exist as dimers in
unstimulated cells that can exert biological functions
independent of being activated. There are seven
mammalian STAT family members which have been
identified: STAT1, STAT2, STAT3, STAT4, STAT5 (STAT5A
and STAT5B), and STAT6. There are 6 conserved domains in
STAT: N-terminal domain (NTD), coiled-coil domain (CCD),
DNA-binding domain (DBD), alpha-helical linker domain
(LD), SH2 domain, and transactivation domain (TAD). NTD
is involved in dimerization of unphosphorylated STATs
monomers and for the tetramerization between STAT1,
STAT3, STAT4 and STAT5 on promoters with two or more
tandem STAT binding sites. It also plays a role in
promoting interactions with transcriptional
co-activators such as CREB binding protein (CBP)/p300,
as well as being important for nuclear import and
deactivation of STATs involving tyrosine
de-phosphorylation. CCD interacts with other proteins,
such as IFN regulatory protein 9 (IRF-9/p48) with STAT1
and c-JUN with STAT3 and is also thought to participate
in the negative regulation of these proteins. Distinct
genes are bound to STATs via their DBD domain. This
domain is also involved in nuclear translocation of
activated STAT1 and STAT3 phosphorylated dimers upon
cytokine stimulation. LD links the DNA-binding and SH2
domains and is important for the transcriptional
activation of STAT1 in response to IFN-gamma. It also
plays a role in protein-protein interactions and has
also been implicated in the constitutive
nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of unphosphorylated STATs in
resting cells. The SH2 domain is necessary for receptor
association and tyrosine phosphodimer formation.
Residues within this domain may be particularly
important for some cellular functions mediated by the
STATs as well as residues adjacent to this domain. The
TAD interacts with several proteins, namely
minichromosome maintenance complex component 5 (MCM5),
breast cancer 1 (BRCA1) and CBP/p300. TAD also contains
a modulatory phosphorylation site that regulates STAT
activity and is necessary for maximal transcription of a
number of target genes. The conserved tyrosine residue
present in the C-terminus is crucial for dimerization
via interaction with the SH2 domain upon the interaction
of the ligand with the receptor. STAT activation by
tyrosine phosphorylation also determines nuclear import
and retention, DNA binding to specific DNA elements in
the promoters of responsive genes, and transcriptional
activation of STAT dimers. In addition to the SH2 domain
there is a coiled-coil domain, a DNA binding domain, and
a transactivation domain in the STAT proteins. In
general SH2 domains are involved in signal transduction.
They typically bind pTyr-containing ligands via two
surface pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic binding pocket,
allowing proteins with SH2 domains to localize to
tyrosine phosphorylated sites.
Length = 148
Score = 73.0 bits (179), Expect = 2e-15
Identities = 30/59 (50%), Positives = 41/59 (69%)
Query: 347 WFYAVMKLTREHLKNVWTDGHIMGFVRKRKAEEMLASQVKGTFLLRFSDSELGGITIAW 405
W A++ L ++H+ +W DG+IMGFV K K +L ++ GTFLLRFS+S LGGIT W
Sbjct: 1 WLEAILDLIKKHILPLWIDGYIMGFVSKEKERLLLKDKMPGTFLLRFSESHLGGITFTW 59
Score = 64.9 bits (158), Expect = 2e-12
Identities = 40/114 (35%), Positives = 57/114 (50%), Gaps = 17/114 (14%)
Query: 1 MLASQVKGTFLLRFSDSELGGITIAW--KGDNTEV--FMLQPFTSKDFQIRNLADRISD- 55
+L ++ GTFLLRFS+S LGGIT W + +N EV ++P+ AD + D
Sbjct: 34 LLKDKMPGTFLLRFSESHLGGITFTWVDQSENGEVRFHSVEPYNKGRLSALPFADILRDY 93
Query: 56 -------LPH--LVYLYPDKPKDQAFSKYYTPFQD--SQPM-GTNGYVKPVLVT 97
+P L YLYPD PKD+AF K+Y+ S+P + P +
Sbjct: 94 KVIMAENIPENPLKYLYPDIPKDKAFGKHYSSQPCEVSRPTERGDKGYVPSVFI 147
>gnl|CDD|198235 cd10372, SH2_STAT1, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in signal
transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 1
proteins. STAT1 is a member of the STAT family of
transcription factors. STAT1 is involved in upregulating
genes due to a signal by interferons. STAT1 forms
homodimers or heterodimers with STAT3 that bind to the
Interferon-Gamma Activated Sequence (GAS) promoter
element in response to IFN-gamma stimulation. STAT1
forms a heterodimer with STAT2 that can bind Interferon
Stimulated Response Element (ISRE) promoter element in
response to either IFN-alpha or IFN-beta stimulation.
Binding in both cases leads to an increased expression
of ISG (Interferon Stimulated Genes). STAT1 has been
shown to interact with protein kinase R, Src, IRF1,
STAT3, MCM5, STAT2, CD117, Fanconi anemia,
complementation group C, CREB-binding protein,
Interleukin 27 receptor, alpha subunit, PIAS1, BRCA1,
Epidermal growth factor receptor, PTK2, Mammalian target
of rapamycin, IFNAR2, PRKCD, TRADD, C-jun, Calcitriol
receptor, ISGF3G, and GNB2L1. STAT proteins mediate the
signaling of cytokines and a number of growth factors
from the receptors of these extracellular signaling
molecules to the cell nucleus. STATs are specifically
phosphorylated by receptor-associated Janus kinases,
receptor tyrosine kinases, or cytoplasmic tyrosine
kinases. The phosphorylated STAT molecules dimerize by
reciprocal binding of their SH2 domains to the
phosphotyrosine residues. These dimeric STATs
translocate into the nucleus, bind to specific DNA
sequences, and regulate the transcription of their
target genes. However there are a number of
unphosphorylated STATs that travel between the cytoplasm
and nucleus and some STATs that exist as dimers in
unstimulated cells that can exert biological functions
independent of being activated. There are seven
mammalian STAT family members which have been
identified: STAT1, STAT2, STAT3, STAT4, STAT5 (STAT5A
and STAT5B), and STAT6. There are 6 conserved domains in
STAT: N-terminal domain (NTD), coiled-coil domain (CCD),
DNA-binding domain (DBD), alpha-helical linker domain
(LD), SH2 domain, and transactivation domain (TAD). NTD
is involved in dimerization of unphosphorylated STATs
monomers and for the tetramerization between STAT1,
STAT3, STAT4 and STAT5 on promoters with two or more
tandem STAT binding sites. It also plays a role in
promoting interactions with transcriptional
co-activators such as CREB binding protein (CBP)/p300,
as well as being important for nuclear import and
deactivation of STATs involving tyrosine
de-phosphorylation. CCD interacts with other proteins,
such as IFN regulatory protein 9 (IRF-9/p48) with STAT1
and c-JUN with STAT3 and is also thought to participate
in the negative regulation of these proteins. Distinct
genes are bound to STATs via their DBD domain. This
domain is also involved in nuclear translocation of
activated STAT1 and STAT3 phosphorylated dimers upon
cytokine stimulation. LD links the DNA-binding and SH2
domains and is important for the transcriptional
activation of STAT1 in response to IFN-gamma. It also
plays a role in protein-protein interactions and has
also been implicated in the constitutive
nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of unphosphorylated STATs in
resting cells. The SH2 domain is necessary for receptor
association and tyrosine phosphodimer formation.
Residues within this domain may be particularly
important for some cellular functions mediated by the
STATs as well as residues adjacent to this domain. The
TAD interacts with several proteins, namely
minichromosome maintenance complex component 5 (MCM5),
breast cancer 1 (BRCA1) and CBP/p300. TAD also contains
a modulatory phosphorylation site that regulates STAT
activity and is necessary for maximal transcription of a
number of target genes. The conserved tyrosine residue
present in the C-terminus is crucial for dimerization
via interaction with the SH2 domain upon the interaction
of the ligand with the receptor. STAT activation by
tyrosine phosphorylation also determines nuclear import
and retention, DNA binding to specific DNA elements in
the promoters of responsive genes, and transcriptional
activation of STAT dimers. In addition to the SH2 domain
there is a coiled-coil domain, a DNA binding domain, and
a transactivation domain in the STAT proteins. In
general SH2 domains are involved in signal transduction.
They typically bind pTyr-containing ligands via two
surface pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic binding pocket,
allowing proteins with SH2 domains to localize to
tyrosine phosphorylated sites.
Length = 151
Score = 66.9 bits (163), Expect = 3e-13
Identities = 44/119 (36%), Positives = 59/119 (49%), Gaps = 24/119 (20%)
Query: 1 MLASQVKGTFLLRFSDSEL-GGITIAW-----KGDNTEVFMLQPFTSKDFQ-------IR 47
+L Q GTFLLRFS+S G IT W G + ++P+T K+ IR
Sbjct: 34 LLKDQQPGTFLLRFSESSREGAITFTWVERSQNGGEPDFHAVEPYTKKELSAVTFPDIIR 93
Query: 48 NL----ADRISDLPHLVYLYPDKPKDQAFSKYYT-PFQDSQPM-----GTNGYVKPVLV 96
N A+ I + P L YLYP+ KD AF KYY+ P + +PM GY+K L+
Sbjct: 94 NYKVMAAENIPENP-LKYLYPNIDKDHAFGKYYSRPKEAPEPMELDGPKGTGYIKTELI 151
Score = 63.4 bits (154), Expect = 5e-12
Identities = 27/60 (45%), Positives = 39/60 (65%), Gaps = 1/60 (1%)
Query: 347 WFYAVMKLTREHLKNVWTDGHIMGFVRKRKAEEMLASQVKGTFLLRFSDSEL-GGITIAW 405
W ++++L ++HL ++W DG IMGF+ K + +L Q GTFLLRFS+S G IT W
Sbjct: 1 WIESILELIKKHLLSLWNDGCIMGFISKERERALLKDQQPGTFLLRFSESSREGAITFTW 60
>gnl|CDD|198237 cd10374, SH2_STAT3, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in signal
transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 3
proteins. STAT3 encoded by this gene is a member of the
STAT protein family. STAT3 mediates the expression of a
variety of genes in response to cell stimuli, and plays
a key role in many cellular processes such as cell
growth and apoptosis. The small GTPase Rac1 regulates
the activity of STAT3 and PIAS3 inhibits it. Three
alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding
distinct isoforms have been described. STAT 3 activation
is required for self-renewal of embryonic stem cells
(ESCs) and is essential for the differentiation of the
TH17 helper T cells. Mutations in the STAT3 gene result
in Hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome and human cancers.
STAT3 has been shown to interact with Androgen receptor,
C-jun, ELP2, EP300, Epidermal growth factor receptor,
Glucocorticoid receptor, HIF1A, Janus kinase 1, KHDRBS1,
Mammalian target of rapamycin, MyoD, NDUFA13, NFKB1,
Nuclear receptor coactivator 1, Promyelocytic leukemia
protein, RAC1, RELA, RET proto-oncogene, RPA2, Src,
STAT1, and TRIP10. STAT proteins mediate the signaling
of cytokines and a number of growth factors from the
receptors of these extracellular signaling molecules to
the cell nucleus. STATs are specifically phosphorylated
by receptor-associated Janus kinases, receptor tyrosine
kinases, or cytoplasmic tyrosine kinases. The
phosphorylated STAT molecules dimerize by reciprocal
binding of their SH2 domains to the phosphotyrosine
residues. These dimeric STATs translocate into the
nucleus, bind to specific DNA sequences, and regulate
the transcription of their target genes. However there
are a number of unphosphorylated STATs that travel
between the cytoplasm and nucleus and some STATs that
exist as dimers in unstimulated cells that can exert
biological functions independent of being activated.
There are seven mammalian STAT family members which have
been identified: STAT1, STAT2, STAT3, STAT4, STAT5
(STAT5A and STAT5B), and STAT6. There are 6 conserved
domains in STAT: N-terminal domain (NTD), coiled-coil
domain (CCD), DNA-binding domain (DBD), alpha-helical
linker domain (LD), SH2 domain, and transactivation
domain (TAD). NTD is involved in dimerization of
unphosphorylated STATs monomers and for the
tetramerization between STAT1, STAT3, STAT4 and STAT5 on
promoters with two or more tandem STAT binding sites.
It also plays a role in promoting interactions with
transcriptional co-activators such as CREB binding
protein (CBP)/p300, as well as being important for
nuclear import and deactivation of STATs involving
tyrosine de-phosphorylation. CCD interacts with other
proteins, such as IFN regulatory protein 9 (IRF-9/p48)
with STAT1 and c-JUN with STAT3 and is also thought to
participate in the negative regulation of these
proteins. Distinct genes are bound to STATs via their
DBD domain. This domain is also involved in nuclear
translocation of activated STAT1 and STAT3
phosphorylated dimers upon cytokine stimulation. LD
links the DNA-binding and SH2 domains and is important
for the transcriptional activation of STAT1 in response
to IFN-gamma. It also plays a role in protein-protein
interactions and has also been implicated in the
constitutive nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of
unphosphorylated STATs in resting cells. The SH2 domain
is necessary for receptor association and tyrosine
phosphodimer formation. Residues within this domain may
be particularly important for some cellular functions
mediated by the STATs as well as residues adjacent to
this domain. The TAD interacts with several proteins,
namely minichromosome maintenance complex component 5
(MCM5), breast cancer 1 (BRCA1) and CBP/p300. TAD also
contains a modulatory phosphorylation site that
regulates STAT activity and is necessary for maximal
transcription of a number of target genes. The conserved
tyrosine residue present in the C-terminus is crucial
for dimerization via interaction with the SH2 domain
upon the interaction of the ligand with the receptor.
STAT activation by tyrosine phosphorylation also
determines nuclear import and retention, DNA binding to
specific DNA elements in the promoters of responsive
genes, and transcriptional activation of STAT dimers. In
addition to the SH2 domain there is a coiled-coil
domain, a DNA binding domain, and a transactivation
domain in the STAT proteins. In general SH2 domains are
involved in signal transduction. They typically bind
pTyr-containing ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr
and hydrophobic binding pocket, allowing proteins with
SH2 domains to localize to tyrosine phosphorylated
sites.
Length = 162
Score = 65.1 bits (158), Expect = 2e-12
Identities = 26/67 (38%), Positives = 46/67 (68%), Gaps = 1/67 (1%)
Query: 340 RSFTFWDWFYAVMKLTREHLKNVWTDGHIMGFVRKRKAEEMLASQVKGTFLLRFSD-SEL 398
+ F+FW W ++ L ++++ +W +G+IMGF+ K + +L+++ GTFLLRFS+ S+
Sbjct: 4 KGFSFWVWLDNIIDLVKKYILALWNEGYIMGFISKERERAILSTKPPGTFLLRFSESSKE 63
Query: 399 GGITIAW 405
GG+T W
Sbjct: 64 GGVTFTW 70
Score = 62.7 bits (152), Expect = 1e-11
Identities = 39/112 (34%), Positives = 59/112 (52%), Gaps = 15/112 (13%)
Query: 1 MLASQVKGTFLLRFSDS-ELGGITIAWKGDN----TEVFMLQPFTSKDFQIRNLAD---- 51
+L+++ GTFLLRFS+S + GG+T W + T++ ++P+T + + A+
Sbjct: 44 ILSTKPPGTFLLRFSESSKEGGVTFTWVEKDISGKTQIQSVEPYTKQQLNNMSFAEIIMG 103
Query: 52 -RISDLPH-----LVYLYPDKPKDQAFSKYYTPFQDSQPMGTNGYVKPVLVT 97
+I D + LVYLYPD PK++AF KY P P G P L T
Sbjct: 104 YKIMDATNILVSPLVYLYPDIPKEEAFGKYCRPESQEHPEADPGSAAPYLKT 155
>gnl|CDD|215658 pfam00017, SH2, SH2 domain.
Length = 77
Score = 46.0 bits (110), Expect = 1e-06
Identities = 13/40 (32%), Positives = 24/40 (60%), Gaps = 1/40 (2%)
Query: 368 IMGFVRKRKAEEML-ASQVKGTFLLRFSDSELGGITIAWK 406
G + + +AE +L + GTFL+R S+S+ G T++ +
Sbjct: 2 YHGKISREEAERLLLNPKPDGTFLVRESESKPGDYTLSVR 41
Score = 44.9 bits (107), Expect = 3e-06
Identities = 19/65 (29%), Positives = 32/65 (49%), Gaps = 18/65 (27%)
Query: 8 GTFLLRFSDSELGGITIAWKGDNTEVFMLQPFTSKDFQIRNLAD---------RISDLPH 58
GTFL+R S+S+ G T++ + D+ V K ++I++L + + LP
Sbjct: 22 GTFLVRESESKPGDYTLSVR-DDGRV--------KHYRIQSLDNGGYYISGGVTFNSLPE 72
Query: 59 LVYLY 63
LV Y
Sbjct: 73 LVEHY 77
>gnl|CDD|214585 smart00252, SH2, Src homology 2 domains. Src homology 2 domains
bind phosphotyrosine-containing polypeptides via 2
surface pockets. Specificity is provided via interaction
with residues that are distinct from the
phosphotyrosine. Only a single occurrence of a SH2
domain has been found in S. cerevisiae.
Length = 84
Score = 43.8 bits (104), Expect = 7e-06
Identities = 12/38 (31%), Positives = 24/38 (63%)
Query: 369 MGFVRKRKAEEMLASQVKGTFLLRFSDSELGGITIAWK 406
GF+ + +AE++L ++ G FL+R S+S G ++ +
Sbjct: 5 HGFISREEAEKLLKNEGDGDFLVRDSESSPGDYVLSVR 42
Score = 39.9 bits (94), Expect = 2e-04
Identities = 16/72 (22%), Positives = 27/72 (37%), Gaps = 18/72 (25%)
Query: 1 MLASQVKGTFLLRFSDSELGGITIAWKGDNTEVFMLQPFTSKDFQIRNLAD--------- 51
+L ++ G FL+R S+S G ++ + K ++IR D
Sbjct: 16 LLKNEGDGDFLVRDSESSPGDYVLSVRVKG---------KVKHYRIRRNEDGKFYLEGGR 66
Query: 52 RISDLPHLVYLY 63
+ L LV Y
Sbjct: 67 KFPSLVELVEHY 78
>gnl|CDD|198173 cd00173, SH2, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain. In general, SH2 domains
are involved in signal transduction; they bind
pTyr-containing polypeptide ligands via two surface
pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic binding pocket, allowing
proteins with SH2 domains to localize to tyrosine
phosphorylated sites. They are present in a wide array
of proteins including: adaptor proteins (Nck1, Crk,
Grb2), scaffolds (Slp76, Shc, Dapp1), kinases (Src, Syk,
Fps, Tec), phosphatases (Shp-1, Shp-2), transcription
factors (STAT1), Ras signaling molecules (Ras-Gap),
ubiquitination factors (c-Cbl), cytoskeleton regulators
(Tensin), signal regulators (SAP), and phospholipid
second messengers (PLCgamma), amongst others.
Length = 79
Score = 42.8 bits (101), Expect = 1e-05
Identities = 15/42 (35%), Positives = 24/42 (57%)
Query: 370 GFVRKRKAEEMLASQVKGTFLLRFSDSELGGITIAWKGGPEK 411
G + + +AE +L + GTFL+R S SE G ++ + G K
Sbjct: 5 GSISREEAERLLRGKPDGTFLVRESSSEPGDYVLSVRSGDGK 46
Score = 39.4 bits (92), Expect = 3e-04
Identities = 16/65 (24%), Positives = 30/65 (46%), Gaps = 2/65 (3%)
Query: 1 MLASQVKGTFLLRFSDSELGGITIAWKGDNTEV--FMLQPFTSKDFQIRNLADRISDLPH 58
+L + GTFL+R S SE G ++ + + +V ++++ + + LP
Sbjct: 15 LLRGKPDGTFLVRESSSEPGDYVLSVRSGDGKVKHYLIERNEGGYYLLGGSGRTFPSLPE 74
Query: 59 LVYLY 63
LV Y
Sbjct: 75 LVEHY 79
>gnl|CDD|199830 cd10349, SH2_SH2D2A_SH2D7, Src homology 2 domain found in the SH2
domain containing protein 2A and 7 (SH2D2A and SH2D7).
SH2D2A and SH7 both contain a single SH2 domain. In
general SH2 domains are involved in signal transduction.
They typically bind pTyr-containing ligands via two
surface pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic binding pocket,
allowing proteins with SH2 domains to localize to
tyrosine phosphorylated sites.
Length = 77
Score = 39.4 bits (92), Expect = 2e-04
Identities = 12/32 (37%), Positives = 23/32 (71%)
Query: 370 GFVRKRKAEEMLASQVKGTFLLRFSDSELGGI 401
GF+ +R+AE +L + +G +L+RFS+S + +
Sbjct: 5 GFITRREAERLLEPKPQGCYLVRFSESAVTFV 36
>gnl|CDD|199832 cd10417, SH2_SH2D7, Src homology 2 domain found in the SH2 domain
containing protein 7 (SH2D7). SH2D7 contains a single
SH2 domain. In general SH2 domains are involved in
signal transduction. They typically bind pTyr-containing
ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic
binding pocket, allowing proteins with SH2 domains to
localize to tyrosine phosphorylated sites.
Length = 102
Score = 37.6 bits (87), Expect = 0.002
Identities = 13/38 (34%), Positives = 26/38 (68%), Gaps = 1/38 (2%)
Query: 370 GFVRKRKAEEMLASQVKGTFLLRFSDSELGGITIAWKG 407
GF+ +++ E++L + G+FL+R SD G I ++++G
Sbjct: 12 GFITRKQTEQLLRDKALGSFLIRLSDRATGYI-LSYRG 48
Score = 27.9 bits (62), Expect = 3.8
Identities = 18/68 (26%), Positives = 32/68 (47%), Gaps = 2/68 (2%)
Query: 1 MLASQVKGTFLLRFSDSELGGITIAWKG-DNTEVFMLQPFTSKDFQIRNLADRISDLPHL 59
+L + G+FL+R SD G I ++++G D F++ ++ + I S L L
Sbjct: 22 LLRDKALGSFLIRLSDRATGYI-LSYRGSDRCRHFVINQLRNRRYLISGDTSSHSTLAEL 80
Query: 60 VYLYPDKP 67
V Y +
Sbjct: 81 VRHYQEVQ 88
>gnl|CDD|198219 cd10356, SH2_ShkA_ShkC, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in SH2
domain-bearing protein kinases A and C (ShkA and ShkC).
SH2-bearing genes cloned from Dictyostelium include two
transcription factors, STATa and STATc, and a signaling
factor, SHK1 (shkA). A database search of the
Dictyostelium discoideum genome revealed two additional
putative STAT sequences, dd-STATb and dd-STATd, and four
additional putative SHK genes, dd-SHK2 (shkB), dd-SHK3
(shkC), dd-SHK4 (shkD), and dd-SHK5 (shkE). This model
contains members of shkA and shkC. All of the SHK
members are most closely related to the protein kinases
found in plants. However these kinases in plants are
not conjugated to any SH2 or SH2-like sequences.
Alignment data indicates that the SHK SH2 domains carry
some features of the STAT SH2 domains in Dictyostelium.
When STATc's linker domain was used for a BLAST search,
the sequence between the protein kinase domain and the
SH2 domain (the linker) of SHK was recovered, suggesting
a close relationship among these molecules within this
region. SHK's linker domain is predicted to contain an
alpha-helix which is indeed homologous to that of STAT.
Based on the phylogenetic alignment, SH2 domains can be
grouped into two categories, STAT-type and Src-type. SHK
family members are in between, but are closer to the
STAT-type which indicates a close relationship between
SHK and STAT families in their SH2 domains and further
supports the notion that SHKs linker-SH2 domain evolved
from STAT or STATL (STAT-like Linker-SH2) domain found
in plants. In SHK, STAT, and SPT6, the linker-SH2
domains all reside exclusively in the C-terminal
regions. In general SH2 domains are involved in signal
transduction. They typically bind pTyr-containing
ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic
binding pocket, allowing proteins with SH2 domains to
localize to tyrosine phosphorylated sites.
Length = 113
Score = 37.2 bits (86), Expect = 0.003
Identities = 26/82 (31%), Positives = 36/82 (43%), Gaps = 10/82 (12%)
Query: 352 MKLTREHLKNVWTDGHIMGFVRKRKAEEMLASQVKGTFLLRFSDSELGGITIAW--KGGP 409
+ RE ++ W G I ++E L + +GTFL+RFS SE G TI+ K G
Sbjct: 1 LDKIRELMECAWFHGDI----STSESENRLNGKPEGTFLVRFSTSEPGAYTISKVSKNGG 56
Query: 410 EKRGTVSVMDEKF----SLYFS 427
+ KF S Y S
Sbjct: 57 ISHQRIHRPGGKFQVNNSKYLS 78
Score = 29.1 bits (65), Expect = 1.9
Identities = 14/29 (48%), Positives = 18/29 (62%)
Query: 2 LASQVKGTFLLRFSDSELGGITIAWKGDN 30
L + +GTFL+RFS SE G TI+ N
Sbjct: 26 LNGKPEGTFLVRFSTSEPGAYTISKVSKN 54
>gnl|CDD|198199 cd09946, SH2_HSH2_like, Src homology 2 domain found in
hematopoietic SH2 (HSH2) protein. HSH2 is thought to
function as an adapter protein involved in tyrosine
kinase signaling. It may also be involved in regulating
cytokine signaling and cytoskeletal reorganization in
hematopoietic cells. HSH2 contains several putative
protein-binding motifs, SH3-binding proline-rich
regions, and phosphotyrosine sites, but lacks enzymatic
motifs. HSH2 was found to interact with
cytokine-regulated tyrosine kinase c-FES and an
activated Cdc42-associated tyrosine kinase ACK1. HSH2
binds c-FES through both its C-terminal region and its
N-terminal region including the SH2 domain and binds
ACK1 via its N-terminal proline-rich region. Both
kinases bound and tyrosine-phosphorylated HSH2 in
mammalian cells. In general SH2 domains are involved in
signal transduction. They typically bind pTyr-containing
ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic
binding pocket, allowing proteins with SH2 domains to
localize to tyrosine phosphorylated sites.
Length = 102
Score = 35.6 bits (82), Expect = 0.009
Identities = 16/37 (43%), Positives = 24/37 (64%), Gaps = 1/37 (2%)
Query: 370 GFVRKRKAEEMLASQVKGTFLLRFSDSELGGITIAWK 406
G + + AE ML SQ G+FL+R S S + G T+++K
Sbjct: 12 GAISREAAENMLESQPLGSFLIRVSHSHV-GYTLSYK 47
Score = 28.7 bits (64), Expect = 2.5
Identities = 22/68 (32%), Positives = 33/68 (48%), Gaps = 2/68 (2%)
Query: 1 MLASQVKGTFLLRFSDSELGGITIAWKG-DNTEVFMLQPFTSKDFQIRNLADRISDLPHL 59
ML SQ G+FL+R S S + G T+++K + FM++ F I + L L
Sbjct: 22 MLESQPLGSFLIRVSHSHV-GYTLSYKAQSSCRHFMVKLLDDGTFMIPGEKVAHTSLHAL 80
Query: 60 VYLYPDKP 67
V + KP
Sbjct: 81 VTFHQQKP 88
>gnl|CDD|198201 cd10338, SH2_SHA, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in SH2 adaptor
proteins A (SHA) Signal transducers. Signal transducing
adaptor proteins are accessory to main proteins in a
signal transduction pathway. These proteins lack
intrinsic enzymatic activity, but mediate specific
protein-protein interactions that drive the formation of
protein complexes. Adaptor proteins usually contain
several domains within their structure (e.g. SH2 and SH3
domains) which allow specific interactions with several
other specific proteins. Not much is known about the SHA
protein except that it is predicted to act as a
transcription factor. Arabidopsis SHA pulled down a
120-kD tyrosine-phosphorylated protein in vitro. In
addition to the SH2 domain there is a coiled-coil
domain, a DNA binding domain, and a transactivation
domain in the STAT proteins. In general SH2 domains are
involved in signal transduction. They typically bind
pTyr-containing ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr
and hydrophobic binding pocket, allowing proteins with
SH2 domains to localize to tyrosine phosphorylated
sites.
Length = 106
Score = 35.3 bits (81), Expect = 0.013
Identities = 16/29 (55%), Positives = 19/29 (65%)
Query: 368 IMGFVRKRKAEEMLASQVKGTFLLRFSDS 396
I GF+ K +AE L QV GTF+LRF S
Sbjct: 13 IEGFITKEEAERSLQGQVPGTFILRFPTS 41
>gnl|CDD|198279 cd10416, SH2_SH2D2A, Src homology 2 domain found in the SH2 domain
containing protein 2A (SH2D2A). SH2D2A contains a
single SH2 domain. In general SH2 domains are involved
in signal transduction. They typically bind
pTyr-containing ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr
and hydrophobic binding pocket, allowing proteins with
SH2 domains to localize to tyrosine phosphorylated
sites.
Length = 102
Score = 33.5 bits (76), Expect = 0.047
Identities = 12/27 (44%), Positives = 21/27 (77%)
Query: 370 GFVRKRKAEEMLASQVKGTFLLRFSDS 396
GF+ +R+AE +L + +G +L+RFS+S
Sbjct: 12 GFITRREAERLLEPKPQGCYLVRFSES 38
>gnl|CDD|225758 COG3217, COG3217, Uncharacterized Fe-S protein [General function
prediction only].
Length = 270
Score = 32.4 bits (74), Expect = 0.40
Identities = 17/48 (35%), Positives = 25/48 (52%), Gaps = 4/48 (8%)
Query: 449 RIGEDIEPLLLVPTPRNIVVDGPPPYAEDTWDWVRFNSDVITRQVKPC 496
R+ ++E P N+VV+G +AED+W +R V VKPC
Sbjct: 159 RVPANLEMERFRP---NLVVEGEDAFAEDSWKSIRI-GGVRFDVVKPC 202
>gnl|CDD|240747 cd12301, RRM1_2_PAR10_like, RNA recognition motif 1 and 2 in poly
[ADP-ribose] polymerase PARP-10, RNA recognition motif 2
in PARP-14, RNA recognition motif in N-myc-interactor
(Nmi), interferon-induced 35 kDa protein (IFP 35),
RNA-binding protein 43 (RBM43) and similar proteins.
This subfamily corresponds to the RRM1 and RRM2 of
PARP-10, RRM2 of PARP-14, RRM of N-myc-interactor (Nmi),
interferon-induced 35 kDa protein (IFP 35) and
RNA-binding protein 43 (RBM43). PARP-10 is a novel
oncoprotein c-Myc-interacting protein with
poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase activity. It is localized to
the nuclear and cytoplasmic compartments. In addition to
PARP activity, PARP-10 is also involved in the control
of cell proliferation by inhibiting c-Myc- and
E1A-mediated cotransformation of primary cells. PARP-10
may also play a role in nuclear processes including the
regulation of chromatin, gene transcription, and
nuclear/cytoplasmic transport. PARP-10 contains two
N-terminal RNA recognition motifs (RRMs), also termed
RBDs (RNA binding domains) or RNPs (ribonucleoprotein
domains), two overlapping C-terminal domains composed of
a glycine-rich region and a region with homology to
catalytic domains of PARP enzymes (PARP domain). In
addition, PARP-10 contains two ubiquitin-interacting
motifs (UIM). PARP-14, also termed aggressive lymphoma
protein 2, is a member of the B aggressive lymphoma
(BAL) family of macrodomain-containing PARPs. Like
PARP-10, PARP-14 also includes two RRMs at the
N-terminus. Nmi, also termed N-myc and STAT interactor,
is an interferon inducible protein that interacts with
c-Myc, N-Myc, Max and c-Fos, and other transcription
factors containing bHLH-ZIP, bHLH or ZIP domains.
Besides binding Myc proteins, Nmi also associates with
all the Stat family of transcription factors except
Stat2. In response to cytokine (e.g. IL-2 and IFN-gamma)
stimulation, Nmi can enhance Stat-mediated
transcriptional activity through recruiting the Stat1
and Stat5 transcriptional coactivators, CREB-binding
protein (CBP) and p300. IFP 35 is an interferon-induced
leucine zipper protein that can specifically form
homodimers. Distinct from known bZIP proteins, IFP 35
lacks a basic domain critical for DNA binding. In
addition, IFP 35 may negatively regulate other bZIP
transcription factors by protein-protein interaction.
For instance, it can form heterodimers with B-ATF, a
member of the AP1 transcription factor family. Both Nmi
and IFP35 harbor one RRM. RBM43 is a putative
RNA-binding protein containing one RRM, but its
biological function remains unclear. .
Length = 74
Score = 29.6 bits (67), Expect = 0.58
Identities = 14/39 (35%), Positives = 20/39 (51%), Gaps = 1/39 (2%)
Query: 205 ESVMDEKFSLYFSSTFSIGGGELVFQVWTLSLPVVVIVH 243
E+V D+K LYF + GGG+ V +V L +V
Sbjct: 10 ETVSDDKLELYFENKRRSGGGD-VTRVQYLREKGSALVT 47
>gnl|CDD|129575 TIGR00484, EF-G, translation elongation factor EF-G. After peptide
bond formation, this elongation factor of bacteria and
organelles catalyzes the translocation of the tRNA-mRNA
complex, with its attached nascent polypeptide chain,
from the A-site to the P-site of the ribosome. Every
completed bacterial genome has at least one copy, but
some species have additional EF-G-like proteins. The
closest homolog to canonical (e.g. E. coli) EF-G in the
spirochetes clusters as if it is derived from
mitochondrial forms, while a more distant second copy is
also present. Synechocystis PCC6803 has a few proteins
more closely related to EF-G than to any other
characterized protein. Two of these resemble E. coli
EF-G more closely than does the best match from the
spirochetes; it may be that both function as authentic
EF-G [Protein synthesis, Translation factors].
Length = 689
Score = 32.1 bits (73), Expect = 0.78
Identities = 19/71 (26%), Positives = 34/71 (47%), Gaps = 4/71 (5%)
Query: 411 KRGTVS---VMDEKFSLYFSSTFSIGGGELVFQLFISMNTSRIGEDIEPLLLVPTPRNIV 467
+ G ++ V+D K +L+ S + E+ F+L S+ G+ P+LL P + +
Sbjct: 548 ESGPLAGYPVVDIKATLFDGSYHDVDSSEMAFKLAASLAFKEAGKKANPVLLEPIMK-VE 606
Query: 468 VDGPPPYAEDT 478
V+ P Y D
Sbjct: 607 VEVPEEYMGDV 617
>gnl|CDD|198174 cd09918, SH2_Nterm_SPT6_like, N-terminal Src homology 2 (SH2)
domain found in Spt6. N-terminal SH2 domain in Spt6.
Spt6 is an essential transcription elongation factor and
histone chaperone that binds the C-terminal repeat
domain (CTD) of RNA polymerase II. Spt6 contains a
tandem SH2 domain with a novel structure and CTD-binding
mode. The tandem SH2 domain binds to a serine
2-phosphorylated CTD peptide in vitro, whereas its
N-terminal SH2 subdomain does not. CTD binding requires
a positively charged crevice in the C-terminal SH2
subdomain, which lacks the canonical phospho-binding
pocket of SH2 domains. The tandem SH2 domain is
apparently required for transcription elongation in vivo
as its deletion in cells is lethal in the presence of
6-azauracil. In general SH2 domains are involved in
signal transduction. They typically bind
pTyr-containing ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr
and hydrophobic binding pocket, allowing proteins with
SH2 domains to localize to tyrosine phosphorylated
sites.
Length = 85
Score = 29.5 bits (67), Expect = 0.79
Identities = 10/32 (31%), Positives = 18/32 (56%)
Query: 375 RKAEEMLASQVKGTFLLRFSDSELGGITIAWK 406
++AE L S+ G ++R S + +T+ WK
Sbjct: 11 KQAEAYLKSKDVGEVVIRPSSKGVDHLTVTWK 42
>gnl|CDD|198184 cd09930, SH2_cSH2_p85_like, C-terminal Src homology 2 (cSH2) domain
found in p85. Phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) are
essential for cell growth, migration, and survival.
p110, the catalytic subunit, is composed of an
adaptor-binding domain, a Ras-binding domain, a C2
domain, a helical domain, and a kinase domain. The
regulatory unit is called p85 and is composed of an SH3
domain, a RhoGap domain, a N-terminal SH2 (nSH2) domain,
a inter SH2 (iSH2) domain, and C-terminal (cSH2) domain.
There are 2 inhibitory interactions between p110alpha
and p85 of P13K: 1) p85 nSH2 domain with the C2,
helical, and kinase domains of p110alpha and 2) p85 iSH2
domain with C2 domain of p110alpha. There are 3
inhibitory interactions between p110beta and p85 of
P13K: 1) p85 nSH2 domain with the C2, helical, and
kinase domains of p110beta, 2) p85 iSH2 domain with C2
domain of p110alpha, and 3) p85 cSH2 domain with the
kinase domain of p110alpha. It is interesting to note
that p110beta is oncogenic as a wild type protein while
p110alpha lacks this ability. One explanation is the
idea that the regulation of p110beta by p85 is unique
because of the addition of inhibitory contacts from the
cSH2 domain and the loss of contacts in the iSH2 domain.
In general SH2 domains are involved in signal
transduction. They typically bind pTyr-containing
ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic
binding pocket, allowing proteins with SH2 domains to
localize to tyrosine phosphorylated sites.
Length = 104
Score = 30.1 bits (68), Expect = 0.82
Identities = 11/27 (40%), Positives = 18/27 (66%)
Query: 370 GFVRKRKAEEMLASQVKGTFLLRFSDS 396
G + + +AEE+L + GTFL+R S +
Sbjct: 11 GDINRTQAEELLRGKPDGTFLIRESST 37
>gnl|CDD|198189 cd09935, SH2_ABL, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in Abelson
murine lymphosarcoma virus (ABL) proteins. ABL-family
proteins are highly conserved tyrosine kinases. Each ABL
protein contains an SH3-SH2-TK (Src homology 3-Src
homology 2-tyrosine kinase) domain cassette, which
confers autoregulated kinase activity and is common
among nonreceptor tyrosine kinases. Several types of
posttranslational modifications control ABL catalytic
activity, subcellular localization, and stability, with
consequences for both cytoplasmic and nuclear ABL
functions. Binding partners provide additional
regulation of ABL catalytic activity, substrate
specificity, and downstream signaling. By combining this
cassette with actin-binding and -bundling domain, ABL
proteins are capable of connecting phosphoregulation
with actin-filament reorganization. Vertebrate paralogs,
ABL1 and ABL2, have evolved to perform specialized
functions. ABL1 includes nuclear localization signals
and a DNA binding domain which is used to mediate DNA
damage-repair functions, while ABL2 has additional
binding capacity for actin and for microtubules to
enhance its cytoskeletal remodeling functions. SH2 is
involved in several autoinhibitory mechanism that
constrain the enzymatic activity of the ABL-family
kinases. In one mechanism SH2 and SH3 cradle the kinase
domain while a cap sequence stabilizes the inactive
conformation resulting in a locked inactive state.
Another involves phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate
(PIP2) which binds the SH2 domain through residues
normally required for phosphotyrosine binding in the
linker segment between the SH2 and kinase domains. The
SH2 domain contributes to ABL catalytic activity and
target site specificity. It is thought that the ABL
catalytic site and SH2 pocket have coevolved to
recognize the same sequences. Recent work now supports a
hierarchical processivity model in which the substrate
target site most compatible with ABL kinase domain
preferences is phosphorylated with greatest efficiency.
If this site is compatible with the ABL SH2 domain
specificity, it will then reposition and dock in the SH2
pocket. This mechanism also explains how ABL kinases
phosphorylates poor targets on the same substrate if
they are properly positioned and how relatively poor
substrate proteins might be recruited to ABL through a
complex with strong substrates that can also dock with
the SH2 pocket. In general SH2 domains are involved in
signal transduction. They typically bind pTyr-containing
ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic
binding pocket, allowing proteins with SH2 domains to
localize to tyrosine phosphorylated sites.
Length = 94
Score = 29.7 bits (67), Expect = 0.89
Identities = 15/44 (34%), Positives = 25/44 (56%), Gaps = 4/44 (9%)
Query: 360 KNVWTDGHIMGFVRKRKAEEMLASQVKGTFLLRFSDSELGGITI 403
K+ W G + + AE +L+S + G+FL+R S+S G +I
Sbjct: 2 KHSW----YHGPISRNAAEYLLSSGINGSFLVRESESSPGQYSI 41
>gnl|CDD|215384 PLN02724, PLN02724, Molybdenum cofactor sulfurase.
Length = 805
Score = 31.8 bits (72), Expect = 1.1
Identities = 11/37 (29%), Positives = 16/37 (43%), Gaps = 3/37 (8%)
Query: 443 ISMNTSRIGEDIEPLLLVPTPRNIVVDGPPPYAEDTW 479
++ ++P P N+VV G YAED W
Sbjct: 692 LATGQEDAKIRLDPTRFRP---NLVVSGGEAYAEDEW 725
>gnl|CDD|198185 cd09931, SH2_C-SH2_SHP_like, C-terminal Src homology 2 (C-SH2)
domain found in SH2 domain Phosphatases (SHP) proteins.
The SH2 domain phosphatases (SHP-1, SHP-2/Syp,
Drosophila corkscrew (csw), and Caenorhabditis elegans
Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase (Ptp-2)) are cytoplasmic
signaling enzymes. They are both targeted and regulated
by interactions of their SH2 domains with
phosphotyrosine docking sites. These proteins contain
two SH2 domains (N-SH2, C-SH2) followed by a tyrosine
phosphatase (PTP) domain, and a C-terminal extension.
Shp1 and Shp2 have two tyrosyl phosphorylation sites in
their C-tails, which are phosphorylated differentially
by receptor and nonreceptor PTKs. Csw retains the
proximal tyrosine and Ptp-2 lacks both sites.
Shp-binding proteins include receptors, scaffolding
adapters, and inhibitory receptors. Some of these bind
both Shp1 and Shp2 while others bind only one. Most
proteins that bind a Shp SH2 domain contain one or more
immuno-receptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs
(ITIMs): [SIVL]xpYxx[IVL]. Shp1 N-SH2 domain blocks the
catalytic domain and keeps the enzyme in the inactive
conformation, and is thus believed to regulate the
phosphatase activity of SHP-1. Its C-SH2 domain is
thought to be involved in searching for phosphotyrosine
activators. The SHP2 N-SH2 domain is a conformational
switch; it either binds and inhibits the phosphatase, or
it binds phosphoproteins and activates the enzyme. The
C-SH2 domain contributes binding energy and specificity,
but it does not have a direct role in activation. Csw
SH2 domain function is essential, but either SH2 domain
can fulfill this requirement. The role of the csw SH2
domains during Sevenless receptor tyrosine kinase (SEV)
signaling is to bind Daughter of Sevenless rather than
activated SEV. Ptp-2 acts in oocytes downstream of
sheath/oocyte gap junctions to promote major sperm
protein (MSP)-induced MAP Kinase (MPK-1)
phosphorylation. Ptp-2 functions in the oocyte
cytoplasm, not at the cell surface to inhibit multiple
RasGAPs, resulting in sustained Ras activation. It is
thought that MSP triggers PTP-2/Ras activation and ROS
production to stimulate MPK-1 activity essential for
oocyte maturation and that secreted MSP domains and
Cu/Zn superoxide dismutases function antagonistically to
control ROS and MAPK signaling. In general SH2 domains
are involved in signal transduction. They typically bind
pTyr-containing ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr
and hydrophobic binding pocket, allowing proteins with
SH2 domains to localize to tyrosine phosphorylated
sites.
Length = 99
Score = 29.6 bits (67), Expect = 1.2
Identities = 20/75 (26%), Positives = 38/75 (50%), Gaps = 11/75 (14%)
Query: 363 WTDGHIMGFVRKRKAEEMLASQVK-GTFLLRFSDSELGGITIAWKGGPEKRGTVSVMDEK 421
W GH+ G ++AE++L + K G+FL+R S S+ G ++ + +K + + +
Sbjct: 2 WFHGHLSG----KEAEKLLLEKGKPGSFLVRESQSKPGDFVLSVRTDDDKVTHIMIRCQG 57
Query: 422 FSLYFSSTFSIGGGE 436
+ +GGGE
Sbjct: 58 ------GKYDVGGGE 66
>gnl|CDD|198213 cd10350, SH2_SH2D4A, Src homology 2 domain found in the SH2 domain
containing protein 4A (SH2D4A). SH2D4A contains a
single SH2 domain. In general SH2 domains are involved
in signal transduction. They typically bind
pTyr-containing ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr
and hydrophobic binding pocket, allowing proteins with
SH2 domains to localize to tyrosine phosphorylated
sites.
Length = 103
Score = 29.5 bits (66), Expect = 1.4
Identities = 11/26 (42%), Positives = 18/26 (69%)
Query: 370 GFVRKRKAEEMLASQVKGTFLLRFSD 395
G + +KA E+L S + G+FL+R S+
Sbjct: 12 GILTLKKANELLLSTMPGSFLIRVSE 37
>gnl|CDD|198214 cd10351, SH2_SH2D4B, Src homology 2 domain found in the SH2 domain
containing protein 4B (SH2D4B). SH2D4B contains a
single SH2 domain. In general SH2 domains are involved
in signal transduction. They typically bind
pTyr-containing ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr
and hydrophobic binding pocket, allowing proteins with
SH2 domains to localize to tyrosine phosphorylated
sites.
Length = 103
Score = 28.3 bits (63), Expect = 3.5
Identities = 11/37 (29%), Positives = 26/37 (70%), Gaps = 1/37 (2%)
Query: 370 GFVRKRKAEEMLASQVKGTFLLRFSDSELGGITIAWK 406
G + + +AE +L + +G+FL+R S+ ++ G T++++
Sbjct: 12 GIISREEAEALLMNATEGSFLVRVSE-KIWGYTLSYR 47
>gnl|CDD|198193 cd09940, SH2_Vav_family, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in the
Vav family. Vav proteins are involved in several
processes that require cytoskeletal reorganization, such
as the formation of the immunological synapse (IS),
phagocytosis, platelet aggregation, spreading, and
transformation. Vavs function as guanine nucleotide
exchange factors (GEFs) for the Rho/Rac family of
GTPases. Vav family members have several conserved
motifs/domains including: a leucine-rich region, a
leucine-zipper, a calponin homology (CH) domain, an
acidic domain, a Dbl-homology (DH) domain, a pleckstrin
homology (PH) domain, a cysteine-rich domain, 2 SH3
domains, a proline-rich region, and a SH2 domain. Vavs
are the only known Rho GEFs that have both the DH/PH
motifs and SH2/SH3 domains in the same protein. The
leucine-rich helix-loop-helix (HLH) domain is thought to
be involved in protein heterodimerization with other HLH
proteins and it may function as a negative regulator by
forming inactive heterodimers. The CH domain is usually
involved in the association with filamentous actin, but
in Vav it controls NFAT stimulation, Ca2+ mobilization,
and its transforming activity. Acidic domains are
involved in protein-protein interactions and contain
regulatory tyrosines. The DH domain is a GDP-GTP
exchange factor on Rho/Rac GTPases. The PH domain in
involved in interactions with GTP-binding proteins,
lipids and/or phosphorylated serine/threonine residues.
The SH3 domain is involved in localization of proteins
to specific sites within the cell interacting with
protein with proline-rich sequences. The SH2 domain
mediates a high affinity interaction with tyrosine
phosphorylated proteins. There are three Vav mammalian
family members: Vav1 which is expressed in the
hematopoietic system, Vav2 and Vav3 are more
ubiquitously expressed. The members here include insect
and amphibian Vavs. In general SH2 domains are involved
in signal transduction. They typically bind
pTyr-containing ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr
and hydrophobic binding pocket, allowing proteins with
SH2 domains to localize to tyrosine phosphorylated
sites.
Length = 102
Score = 28.0 bits (63), Expect = 3.8
Identities = 8/26 (30%), Positives = 15/26 (57%)
Query: 369 MGFVRKRKAEEMLASQVKGTFLLRFS 394
+G + + AE L ++ GT+L+R
Sbjct: 9 VGEMERDTAENRLENRPDGTYLVRVR 34
>gnl|CDD|151819 pfam11379, DUF3182, Protein of unknown function (DUF3182). This
family of proteins with unknown function appears to be
restricted to Proteobacteria.
Length = 355
Score = 29.6 bits (67), Expect = 4.0
Identities = 14/43 (32%), Positives = 17/43 (39%), Gaps = 7/43 (16%)
Query: 240 VIVHGNQEPNAHATITWDNAFAE-------PGRSPFVVPDKRP 275
I H P+A A W AFA PG + F + D R
Sbjct: 86 AITHPLPRPDAVAPAGWSRAFAARVRDAVLPGYTVFSLEDARD 128
>gnl|CDD|233515 TIGR01659, sex-lethal, sex-lethal family splicing factor. This
model describes the sex-lethal family of splicing
factors found in Dipteran insects. The sex-lethal
phenotype, however, may be limited to the Melanogasters
and closely related species. In Drosophila the protein
acts as an inhibitor of splicing. This subfamily is most
closely related to the ELAV/HUD subfamily of splicing
factors (TIGR01661).
Length = 346
Score = 29.6 bits (66), Expect = 4.2
Identities = 15/67 (22%), Positives = 25/67 (37%), Gaps = 10/67 (14%)
Query: 56 LPHLVYLYPDKPKDQAFSKYYTPFQDSQPMGTNGYVKPVLVTHVPGWGSPNNNGMGGMNS 115
LP + Y P+D FS Y + + + G N + G G + G+G M +
Sbjct: 31 LPSGMSRYAFSPQDTDFSSYPSTGRQHR-QGYNDF---------YGNGGSSACGLGSMGN 80
Query: 116 YPSTPQN 122
+
Sbjct: 81 MANMAST 87
>gnl|CDD|131231 TIGR02176, pyruv_ox_red, pyruvate:ferredoxin (flavodoxin)
oxidoreductase, homodimeric. This model represents a
single chain form of pyruvate:ferredoxin (or flavodoxin)
oxidoreductase. This enzyme may transfer electrons to
nitrogenase in nitrogen-fixing species. Portions of this
protein are homologous to gamma subunit of the four
subunit pyruvate:ferredoxin (flavodoxin) oxidoreductase.
Length = 1165
Score = 29.7 bits (67), Expect = 4.4
Identities = 14/51 (27%), Positives = 25/51 (49%)
Query: 261 AEPGRSPFVVPDKRPWKMIADVLMMKFESATGRTLDAENLNFLAEKAFRQA 311
AE G++PF + K P +A+ L + A+ + ++ L KA +A
Sbjct: 1103 AEQGKNPFQLDSKEPDSSVAEFLNGEVRFASLKKSFPDDAERLFNKAAHEA 1153
>gnl|CDD|193358 pfam12885, TORC_M, Transducer of regulated CREB activity middle
domain. This family includes the region between the N
and C terminus of TORC proteins. TORC (Transducer of
regulated CREB activity) is a protein family of
coactivators that enhances the activity of CRE-depended
transcription via a phosphorylation-independent
interaction with the bZIP DNA binding/dimerisation
domain of CREB (cAMP Response Element-Binding). Although
the C- and N- terminal domains of these proteins have
been well characterized, no functional role has been
assigned to the central region, yet.
Length = 149
Score = 28.6 bits (64), Expect = 4.5
Identities = 8/30 (26%), Positives = 13/30 (43%)
Query: 103 GSPNNNGMGGMNSYPSTPQNMFHPHSPPDH 132
P + + G+N +PS Q + P H
Sbjct: 65 SRPRSCEVPGINIFPSPDQELTASLIPAAH 94
>gnl|CDD|187889 cd09759, Cas6_I-A, CRISPR/Cas system-associated RAMP superfamily
protein Cas6. CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced
Short Palindromic Repeats) and associated Cas proteins
comprise a system for heritable host defense by
prokaryotic cells against phage and other foreign DNA;
Cas6 is an endoribonuclease that generates crRNAs,
predicted subunit of Cascade complex; RAMP superfamily
protein; Possesses double RRM/ferredoxin fold.
Length = 240
Score = 28.9 bits (65), Expect = 5.0
Identities = 11/23 (47%), Positives = 12/23 (52%)
Query: 196 KRRPEKRGTESVMDEKFSLYFSS 218
KRR K G + K S YFSS
Sbjct: 61 KRRIRKEGIIRKLGYKASFYFSS 83
>gnl|CDD|110998 pfam02055, Glyco_hydro_30, O-Glycosyl hydrolase family 30.
Length = 495
Score = 29.1 bits (65), Expect = 6.0
Identities = 24/97 (24%), Positives = 35/97 (36%), Gaps = 22/97 (22%)
Query: 38 PFTSKDFQIRNLADRISDLPHLVYLYPDKPKDQAFSKYYTPFQDSQ---PMGTNG--YVK 92
P S DF IR VY Y D P D + P +D+Q P Y +
Sbjct: 120 PIASCDFSIR------------VYTYADTPDDYQMHNFSLPEEDTQWKIPYIHRAQKYNQ 167
Query: 93 PVLVTHVPGWGSP----NNNGMGGMNSYPSTPQNMFH 125
+ + P W +P + G S P +++H
Sbjct: 168 RLKLFASP-WTAPGWLKTTGAVNGKGSLKGQPGDIYH 203
>gnl|CDD|219250 pfam06983, 3-dmu-9_3-mt, 3-demethylubiquinone-9
3-methyltransferase. This family represents a conserved
region approximately 100 residues long within a number
of bacterial and archaeal 3-demethylubiquinone-9
3-methyltransferases (EC:2.1.1.64). Note that some
family members contain more than one copy of this
region, and that many members are hypothetical proteins.
Length = 116
Score = 27.6 bits (62), Expect = 6.4
Identities = 14/54 (25%), Positives = 23/54 (42%), Gaps = 15/54 (27%)
Query: 393 FSDSELGGITIAWKGGPEKRGTVSVMDEKFSLYFSSTFSIGGGELVFQLFISMN 446
F +SE+ + + GP K G+V F++ G Q FI++N
Sbjct: 24 FPNSEILSVNRYPEDGPGKPGSVLT----------VEFTLNG-----QPFIALN 62
>gnl|CDD|214492 smart00055, FCH, Fes/CIP4 homology domain. Alignment extended from
original report. Highly alpha-helical. Also known as the
RAEYL motif or the S. pombe Cdc15 N-terminal domain.
Length = 87
Score = 26.9 bits (60), Expect = 7.0
Identities = 18/69 (26%), Positives = 28/69 (40%), Gaps = 8/69 (11%)
Query: 344 FWDWFYAVMKLTREHLKNV--WTDGHIMGFVRKR-KAEE----MLASQVKGTFLLRFSDS 396
FW + LKN + + F+R+R K EE L K +R ++
Sbjct: 3 FWSELDDGFEALLSRLKNGLRLLED-LKKFMRERAKIEEEYAKKLQKLSKKLRAVRDTEP 61
Query: 397 ELGGITIAW 405
E G ++ AW
Sbjct: 62 EYGSLSKAW 70
>gnl|CDD|215579 PLN03106, TCP2, Protein TCP2; Provisional.
Length = 447
Score = 28.9 bits (64), Expect = 8.0
Identities = 14/42 (33%), Positives = 22/42 (52%)
Query: 37 QPFTSKDFQIRNLADRISDLPHLVYLYPDKPKDQAFSKYYTP 78
QP + ++ I+ D IS+LP L +PD PK + K +
Sbjct: 113 QPSKAVEWLIKAAEDSISELPSLNNSFPDTPKQLSDEKRTSD 154
>gnl|CDD|198245 cd10382, SH2_SOCS1, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in
suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins. SH2
domain found in SOCS proteins. SOCS was first recognized
as a group of cytokine-inducible SH2 (CIS) domain
proteins comprising eight family members in human (CIS
and SOCS1-SOCS7). In addition to the SH2 domain, SOCS
proteins have a variable N-terminal domain and a
conserved SOCS box in the C-terminal domain. SOCS
proteins bind to a substrate via their SH2 domain. The
prototypical members, CIS and SOCS1-SOCS3, have been
shown to regulate growth hormone signaling in vitro and
in a classic negative feedback response compete for
binding at phosphotyrosine sites in JAK kinase and
receptor pathways to displace effector proteins and
target bound receptors for proteasomal degradation. Loss
of SOCS activity results in excessive cytokine signaling
associated with a variety of hematopoietic, autoimmune,
and inflammatory diseases and certain cancers. Members
(SOCS4-SOCS7) were identified by their conserved SOCS
box, an adapter motif of 3 helices that associates
substrate binding domains, such as the SOCS SH2 domain,
ankryin, and WD40 with ubiquitin ligase components.
These show limited cytokine induction. In general SH2
domains are involved in signal transduction. They
typically bind pTyr-containing ligands via two surface
pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic binding pocket, allowing
proteins with SH2 domains to localize to tyrosine
phosphorylated sites.
Length = 98
Score = 26.9 bits (60), Expect = 8.3
Identities = 17/54 (31%), Positives = 22/54 (40%), Gaps = 11/54 (20%)
Query: 377 AEEMLASQVKGTFLLRFSDSELGGI--TIAWKGGPEKRGTVSV----MDEKFSL 424
A L + GTFL+R DS ++ K G VS+ KFSL
Sbjct: 22 AHAKLKREPVGTFLIR--DSRQKNCFFALSVKM---ASGPVSIRILFKAGKFSL 70
>gnl|CDD|216086 pfam00728, Glyco_hydro_20, Glycosyl hydrolase family 20, catalytic
domain. This domain has a TIM barrel fold.
Length = 335
Score = 28.5 bits (64), Expect = 8.7
Identities = 11/31 (35%), Positives = 15/31 (48%)
Query: 205 ESVMDEKFSLYFSSTFSIGGGELVFQVWTLS 235
+ V+DE L+ S IGG E+ W S
Sbjct: 140 DKVLDEVAELFPSEYIHIGGDEVNKGCWLKS 170
>gnl|CDD|99992 cd03822, GT1_ecORF704_like, This family is most closely related to
the GT1 family of glycosyltransferases. ORF704 in E.
coli has been shown to be involved in the biosynthesis
of O-specific mannose homopolysaccharides.
Length = 366
Score = 28.4 bits (64), Expect = 10.0
Identities = 10/53 (18%), Positives = 22/53 (41%), Gaps = 2/53 (3%)
Query: 41 SKDFQIRNLADRISDLPHLVYLYPDKPKDQAFSKYYTPFQDSQPMGTNGYVKP 93
+ +R ++I+ +PH V P +P + + + T G ++P
Sbjct: 146 LRALLLRAYPEKIAVIPHGVPDPPAEPPESLKALG--GLDGRPVLLTFGLLRP 196
Database: CDD.v3.10
Posted date: Mar 20, 2013 7:55 AM
Number of letters in database: 10,937,602
Number of sequences in database: 44,354
Lambda K H
0.319 0.135 0.415
Gapped
Lambda K H
0.267 0.0772 0.140
Matrix: BLOSUM62
Gap Penalties: Existence: 11, Extension: 1
Number of Sequences: 44354
Number of Hits to DB: 25,676,197
Number of extensions: 2490857
Number of successful extensions: 1866
Number of sequences better than 10.0: 1
Number of HSP's gapped: 1850
Number of HSP's successfully gapped: 69
Length of query: 499
Length of database: 10,937,602
Length adjustment: 101
Effective length of query: 398
Effective length of database: 6,457,848
Effective search space: 2570223504
Effective search space used: 2570223504
Neighboring words threshold: 11
Window for multiple hits: 40
X1: 16 ( 7.4 bits)
X2: 38 (14.6 bits)
X3: 64 (24.7 bits)
S1: 41 (21.8 bits)
S2: 61 (27.2 bits)