RPS-BLAST 2.2.26 [Sep-21-2011]
Database: CDD.v3.10
44,354 sequences; 10,937,602 total letters
Searching..................................................done
Query= psy1684
(189 letters)
>gnl|CDD|133199 cd05068, PTKc_Frk_like, Catalytic domain of Fyn-related kinase-like
Protein Tyrosine Kinases. Protein Tyrosine Kinase (PTK)
family; Human Fyn-related kinase (Frk) and similar
proteins; catalytic (c) domain. The PTKc family is part
of a larger superfamily that includes the catalytic
domains of other kinases such as protein
serine/threonine kinases, RIO kinases, and
phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). PTKs catalyze the
transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to
tyrosine (tyr) residues in protein substrates. Frk and
Srk are members of the Src subfamily of proteins, which
are cytoplasmic (or non-receptor) tyr kinases. Src
kinases contain an N-terminal SH4 domain with a
myristoylation site, followed by SH3 and SH2 domains, a
tyr kinase domain, and a regulatory C-terminal region
containing a conserved tyr. They are activated by
autophosphorylation at the tyr kinase domain, but are
negatively regulated by phosphorylation at the
C-terminal tyr by Csk (C-terminal Src Kinase). Src
proteins are involved in signaling pathways that
regulate cytokine and growth factor responses,
cytoskeleton dynamics, cell proliferation, survival, and
differentiation. Frk, also known as Rak, is specifically
expressed in liver, lung, kidney, intestine, mammary
glands, and the islets of Langerhans. Rodent homologs
were previously referred to as GTK (gastrointestinal tyr
kinase), BSK (beta-cell Src-like kinase), or IYK
(intestinal tyr kinase). Studies in mice reveal that Frk
is not essential for viability. It plays a role in the
signaling that leads to cytokine-induced beta-cell death
in Type I diabetes. It also regulates beta-cell number
during embryogenesis and early in life.
Length = 261
Score = 124 bits (313), Expect = 2e-35
Identities = 45/55 (81%), Positives = 48/55 (87%)
Query: 121 GMTNAEVLHQVEHGYRMPCPPGCPPRLYDIMLECWLKDPVKRPTFETLQWKLEDF 175
GMTNAEVL QV+ GYRMPCPPGCP LYDIML+CW +DP RPTFETLQWKLEDF
Sbjct: 207 GMTNAEVLQQVDQGYRMPCPPGCPKELYDIMLDCWKEDPDDRPTFETLQWKLEDF 261
>gnl|CDD|198233 cd10370, SH2_Src_Src42, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in the
Src oncogene at 42A (Src42). Src42 is a member of the
Src non-receptor type tyrosine kinase family of
proteins. The integration of receptor tyrosine
kinase-induced RAS and Src42 signals by Connector
eNhancer of KSR (CNK) as a two-component input is
essential for RAF activation in Drosophila. Src42 is
present in a wide variety of organisms including:
California sea hare, pea aphid, yellow fever mosquito,
honey bee, Panamanian leafcutter ant, and sea urchin.
Src42 has a unique N-terminal domain, an SH3 domain, an
SH2 domain, a kinase domain and a regulatory tail, as
do the other members of the family. Like the other
members of the Src family the SH2 domain in addition to
binding the target, also plays an autoinhibitory role
by binding to its C-terminal tail. In general SH2
domains are involved in signal transduction. They
typically bind pTyr-containing ligands via two surface
pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic binding pocket,
allowing proteins with SH2 domains to localize to
tyrosine phosphorylated sites.
Length = 96
Score = 117 bits (294), Expect = 1e-34
Identities = 63/96 (65%), Positives = 69/96 (71%), Gaps = 9/96 (9%)
Query: 1 WYFGKIKRIEAEKKLLLPENDHGAFLIRDSESRKNDYSLSEYKRSSFCLKMTTGRSL--- 57
WYFGKIKRIEAEKKLLLPEN+HGAFLIRDSESR NDYSLS R +K R L
Sbjct: 5 WYFGKIKRIEAEKKLLLPENEHGAFLIRDSESRHNDYSLS--VRDGDTVKHYRIRQLDEG 62
Query: 58 --FETQKAGRTTIHYPELVEHYSKDADGLCVNLRKP 91
F ++ T+ ELVEHYSKD+DGLCVNLRKP
Sbjct: 63 GFFIARRTTFRTLQ--ELVEHYSKDSDGLCVNLRKP 96
>gnl|CDD|173626 cd05034, PTKc_Src_like, Catalytic domain of Src kinase-like Protein
Tyrosine Kinases. Protein Tyrosine Kinase (PTK) family;
Src kinase subfamily; catalytic (c) domain. Src
subfamily members include Src, Lck, Hck, Blk, Lyn, Fgr,
Fyn, Yrk, and Yes. The PTKc family is part of a larger
superfamily that includes the catalytic domains of other
kinases such as protein serine/threonine kinases, RIO
kinases, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). PTKs
catalyze the transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group from
ATP to tyrosine (tyr) residues in protein substrates.
Src (or c-Src) proteins are cytoplasmic (or
non-receptor) tyr kinases which are anchored to the
plasma membrane. They contain an N-terminal SH4 domain
with a myristoylation site, followed by SH3 and SH2
domains, a tyr kinase domain, and a regulatory
C-terminal region containing a conserved tyr. They are
activated by autophosphorylation at the tyr kinase
domain, but are negatively regulated by phosphorylation
at the C-terminal tyr by Csk (C-terminal Src Kinase).
Src proteins are involved in signaling pathways that
regulate cytokine and growth factor responses,
cytoskeleton dynamics, cell proliferation, survival, and
differentiation. They were identified as the first
proto-oncogene products, and they regulate cell
adhesion, invasion, and motility in cancer cells and
tumor vasculature, contributing to cancer progression
and metastasis. Src kinases are overexpressed in a
variety of human cancers, making them attractive targets
for therapy. They are also implicated in acute
inflammatory responses and osteoclast function. Src,
Fyn, Yes, and Yrk are widely expressed, while Blk, Lck,
Hck, Fgr, and Lyn show a limited expression pattern.
Length = 261
Score = 115 bits (291), Expect = 4e-32
Identities = 39/55 (70%), Positives = 43/55 (78%)
Query: 121 GMTNAEVLHQVEHGYRMPCPPGCPPRLYDIMLECWLKDPVKRPTFETLQWKLEDF 175
GMTN EVL QVE GYRMP PP CP LYD+ML+CW KDP +RPTFE LQ LED+
Sbjct: 207 GMTNREVLEQVERGYRMPRPPNCPEELYDLMLQCWDKDPEERPTFEYLQSFLEDY 261
>gnl|CDD|199827 cd09933, SH2_Src_family, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in the
Src family of non-receptor tyrosine kinases. The Src
family kinases are nonreceptor tyrosine kinases that
have been implicated in pathways regulating
proliferation, angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis,
and bone metabolism. It is thought that transforming
ability of Src is linked to its ability to activate key
signaling molecules in these pathways, rather than
through direct activity. As such blocking Src activation
has been a target for drug companies. Src family members
can be divided into 3 groups based on their expression
pattern: 1) Src, Fyn, and Yes; 2) Blk, Fgr, Hck, Lck,
and Lyn; and 3) Frk-related kinases Frk/Rak and Iyk/Bsk
Of these, cellular c-Src is the best studied and most
frequently implicated in oncogenesis. The c-Src contains
five distinct regions: a unique N-terminal domain, an
SH3 domain, an SH2 domain, a kinase domain and a
regulatory tail, as do the other members of the family.
Src exists in both active and inactive conformations.
Negative regulation occurs through phosphorylation of
Tyr, resulting in an intramolecular association between
phosphorylated Tyr and the SH2 domain of SRC, which
locks the protein in a closed conformation. Further
stabilization of the inactive state occurs through
interactions between the SH3 domain and a proline-rich
stretch of residues within the kinase domain.
Conversely, dephosphorylation of Tyr allows SRC to
assume an open conformation. Full activity requires
additional autophosphorylation of a Tyr residue within
the catalytic domain. Loss of the negative-regulatory
C-terminal segment has been shown to result in increased
activity and transforming potential. Phosphorylation of
the C-terminal Tyr residue by C-terminal Src kinase
(Csk) and Csk homology kinase results in increased
intramolecular interactions and consequent Src
inactivation. Specific phosphatases, protein tyrosine
phosphatase a (PTPa) and the SH-containing phosphatases
SHP1/SHP2, have also been shown to take a part in Src
activation. Src is also activated by direct binding of
focal adhesion kinase (Fak) and Crk-associated substrate
(Cas) to the SH2 domain. SRC activity can also be
regulated by numerous receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs),
such as Her2, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR),
fibroblast growth factor receptor, platelet-derived
growth factor receptor (PDGFR), and vascular endothelial
growth factor receptor (VEGFR). In general SH2 domains
are involved in signal transduction. They typically bind
pTyr-containing ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr
and hydrophobic binding pocket, allowing proteins with
SH2 domains to localize to tyrosine phosphorylated
sites.
Length = 101
Score = 104 bits (262), Expect = 2e-29
Identities = 46/99 (46%), Positives = 55/99 (55%), Gaps = 10/99 (10%)
Query: 1 WYFGKIKRIEAEKKLLLPENDHGAFLIRDSESRKNDYSLS---EYKRSSFCLKMTTGRSL 57
W+FGKIKR +AEK LL P N G FLIR+SE+ YSLS +K R L
Sbjct: 5 WFFGKIKRKDAEKLLLAPGNPRGTFLIRESETTPGAYSLSVRDGDDARGDTVKHYRIRKL 64
Query: 58 -----FETQKAGRTTIHYPELVEHYSKDADGLCVNLRKP 91
+ T +A T+ ELV+HYSKDADGLC L P
Sbjct: 65 DNGGYYITTRATFPTLQ--ELVQHYSKDADGLCCRLTVP 101
>gnl|CDD|199831 cd10369, SH2_Src_Frk, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in the
Fyn-related kinase (Frk). Frk is a member of the Src
non-receptor type tyrosine kinase family of proteins.
The Frk subfamily is composed of Frk/Rak and
Iyk/Bsk/Gst. It is expressed primarily epithelial
cells. Frk is a nuclear protein and may function
during G1 and S phase of the cell cycle and suppress
growth. Unlike the other Src members it lacks a glycine
at position 2 of SH4 which is important for addition of
a myristic acid moiety that is involved in targeting
Src PTKs to cellular membranes. FRK and SHB exert
similar effects when overexpressed in rat
phaeochromocytoma (PC12) and beta-cells, where both
induce PC12 cell differentiation and beta-cell
proliferation. Under conditions that cause beta-cell
degeneration these proteins augment beta-cell
apoptosis. The FRK-SHB responses involve FAK and
insulin receptor substrates (IRS) -1 and -2. Frk has
been demonstrated to interact with retinoblastoma
protein. Frk regulates PTEN protein stability by
phosphorylating PTEN, which in turn prevents PTEN
degradation. Frk also plays a role in regulation of
embryonal pancreatic beta cell formation. Frk has a
unique N-terminal domain, an SH3 domain, an SH2 domain,
a kinase domain and a regulatory tail, as do the other
members of the family. Like the other members of the
Src family the SH2 domain in addition to binding the
target, also plays an autoinhibitory role by binding to
its activation loop. The tryosine involved is at the
same site as the tyrosine involved in the
autophosphorylation of Src. In general SH2 domains are
involved in signal transduction. They typically bind
pTyr-containing ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr
and hydrophobic binding pocket, allowing proteins with
SH2 domains to localize to tyrosine phosphorylated
sites.
Length = 96
Score = 88.8 bits (220), Expect = 2e-23
Identities = 40/94 (42%), Positives = 58/94 (61%), Gaps = 5/94 (5%)
Query: 1 WYFGKIKRIEAEKKLLLPENDHGAFLIRDSESRKNDYSLSEYKRSS---FCLKMTTGRSL 57
W+FG IKR +AEK+LL EN GAFLIR+SES+K ++SLS + ++
Sbjct: 5 WFFGAIKRADAEKQLLYSENQTGAFLIRESESQKGEFSLSVLDGGVVKHYRIRRLDEGGF 64
Query: 58 FETQKAGRTTIHYPELVEHYSKDADGLCVNLRKP 91
F T++ +T++ E V +Y+ +DGLCV L KP
Sbjct: 65 FLTRRKTFSTLN--EFVNYYTTTSDGLCVKLGKP 96
>gnl|CDD|133201 cd05070, PTKc_Fyn_Yrk, Catalytic domain of the Protein Tyrosine
Kinases, Fyn and Yrk. Protein Tyrosine Kinase (PTK)
family; Fyn and Yrk kinases; catalytic (c) domain. The
PTKc family is part of a larger superfamily that
includes the catalytic domains of other kinases such as
protein serine/threonine kinases, RIO kinases, and
phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). PTKs catalyze the
transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to
tyrosine (tyr) residues in protein substrates. Fyn and
Yrk are members of the Src subfamily of proteins, which
are cytoplasmic (or non-receptor) tyr kinases. Src
kinases contain an N-terminal SH4 domain with a
myristoylation site, followed by SH3 and SH2 domains, a
tyr kinase domain, and a regulatory C-terminal region
containing a conserved tyr. They are activated by
autophosphorylation at the tyr kinase domain, but are
negatively regulated by phosphorylation at the
C-terminal tyr by Csk (C-terminal Src Kinase). Src
proteins are involved in signaling pathways that
regulate cytokine and growth factor responses,
cytoskeleton dynamics, cell proliferation, survival, and
differentiation. Fyn, together with Lck, plays a
critical role in T-cell signal transduction by
phosphorylating ITAM (immunoreceptor tyr activation
motif) sequences on T-cell receptors, ultimately leading
to the proliferation and differentiation of T-cells. In
addition, Fyn is involved in the myelination of neurons,
and is implicated in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's
diseases. Yrk has been detected only in chickens. It is
primarily found in neuronal and epithelial cells and in
macrophages. It may play a role in inflammation and in
response to injury.
Length = 260
Score = 91.6 bits (227), Expect = 7e-23
Identities = 36/55 (65%), Positives = 42/55 (76%)
Query: 121 GMTNAEVLHQVEHGYRMPCPPGCPPRLYDIMLECWLKDPVKRPTFETLQWKLEDF 175
GM N EVL QVE GYRMPCP CP L+++ML+CW KDP +RPTFE LQ LED+
Sbjct: 206 GMNNREVLEQVERGYRMPCPQDCPISLHELMLQCWKKDPEERPTFEYLQSFLEDY 260
>gnl|CDD|219530 pfam07714, Pkinase_Tyr, Protein tyrosine kinase.
Length = 258
Score = 91.4 bits (228), Expect = 8e-23
Identities = 28/52 (53%), Positives = 34/52 (65%)
Query: 121 GMTNAEVLHQVEHGYRMPCPPGCPPRLYDIMLECWLKDPVKRPTFETLQWKL 172
GM+N EVL +E GYR+P P CP LY++ML+CW DP RPTF L L
Sbjct: 207 GMSNEEVLELLEDGYRLPRPENCPDELYELMLQCWAYDPEDRPTFSELVEDL 258
>gnl|CDD|133202 cd05071, PTKc_Src, Catalytic domain of the Protein Tyrosine Kinase,
Src. Protein Tyrosine Kinase (PTK) family; Src kinase;
catalytic (c) domain. The PTKc family is part of a
larger superfamily that includes the catalytic domains
of other kinases such as protein serine/threonine
kinases, RIO kinases, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase
(PI3K). PTKs catalyze the transfer of the
gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to tyrosine (tyr)
residues in protein substrates. Src (or c-Src) is a
cytoplasmic (or non-receptor) tyr kinase, containing an
N-terminal SH4 domain with a myristoylation site,
followed by SH3 and SH2 domains, a tyr kinase domain,
and a regulatory C-terminal region with a conserved tyr.
It is activated by autophosphorylation at the tyr kinase
domain, and is negatively regulated by phosphorylation
at the C-terminal tyr by Csk (C-terminal Src Kinase).
c-Src is the vertebrate homolog of the oncogenic protein
(v-Src) from Rous sarcoma virus. Together with other Src
subfamily proteins, it is involved in signaling pathways
that regulate cytokine and growth factor responses,
cytoskeleton dynamics, cell proliferation, survival, and
differentiation. Src also play a role in regulating cell
adhesion, invasion, and motility in cancer cells and
tumor vasculature, contributing to cancer progression
and metastasis. Elevated levels of Src kinase activity
have been reported in a variety of human cancers.
Several inhibitors of Src have been developed as
anti-cancer drugs. Src is also implicated in acute
inflammatory responses and osteoclast function.
Length = 262
Score = 91.3 bits (226), Expect = 1e-22
Identities = 38/57 (66%), Positives = 44/57 (77%)
Query: 121 GMTNAEVLHQVEHGYRMPCPPGCPPRLYDIMLECWLKDPVKRPTFETLQWKLEDFFT 177
GM N EVL QVE GYRMPCPP CP L+D+M +CW K+P +RPTFE LQ LED+FT
Sbjct: 206 GMVNREVLDQVERGYRMPCPPECPESLHDLMCQCWRKEPEERPTFEYLQAFLEDYFT 262
>gnl|CDD|173640 cd05067, PTKc_Lck_Blk, Catalytic domain of the Protein Tyrosine
Kinases, Lymphocyte-specific kinase and Blk. Protein
Tyrosine Kinase (PTK) family; Lck and Blk kinases;
catalytic (c) domain. The PTKc family is part of a
larger superfamily that includes the catalytic domains
of other kinases such as protein serine/threonine
kinases, RIO kinases, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase
(PI3K). PTKs catalyze the transfer of the
gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to tyrosine (tyr)
residues in protein substrates. Lck (lymphocyte-specific
kinase) and Blk are members of the Src subfamily of
proteins, which are cytoplasmic (or non-receptor) tyr
kinases. Src kinases contain an N-terminal SH4 domain
with a myristoylation site, followed by SH3 and SH2
domains, a tyr kinase domain, and a regulatory
C-terminal region containing a conserved tyr. They are
activated by autophosphorylation at the tyr kinase
domain, but are negatively regulated by phosphorylation
at the C-terminal tyr by Csk (C-terminal Src Kinase).
Src proteins are involved in signaling pathways that
regulate cytokine and growth factor responses,
cytoskeleton dynamics, cell proliferation, survival, and
differentiation. Lck is expressed in T-cells and natural
killer (NK) cells. It plays a critical role in T-cell
maturation, activation, and T-cell receptor (TCR)
signaling. Lck phosphorylates ITAM (immunoreceptor tyr
activation motif) sequences on several subunits of TCRs,
leading to the activation of different second messenger
cascades. Phosphorylated ITAMs serve as binding sites
for other signaling factor such as Syk and ZAP-70,
leading to their activation and propagation of
downstream events. In addition, Lck regulates
drug-induced apoptosis by interfering with the
mitochondrial death pathway. The apototic role of Lck is
independent of its primary function in T-cell signaling.
Blk is expressed specifically in B-cells. It is involved
in pre-BCR (B-cell receptor) signaling.
Length = 260
Score = 87.2 bits (216), Expect = 3e-21
Identities = 31/55 (56%), Positives = 38/55 (69%)
Query: 121 GMTNAEVLHQVEHGYRMPCPPGCPPRLYDIMLECWLKDPVKRPTFETLQWKLEDF 175
GMTN EV+ +E GYRMP P CP LY++M CW + P +RPTFE L+ LEDF
Sbjct: 206 GMTNPEVIQNLERGYRMPRPDNCPEELYELMRLCWKEKPEERPTFEYLRSVLEDF 260
>gnl|CDD|133248 cd05148, PTKc_Srm_Brk, Catalytic domain of the Protein Tyrosine
Kinases, Srm and Brk. Protein Tyrosine Kinase (PTK)
family; Src-related kinase lacking C-terminal regulatory
tyrosine and N-terminal myristylation sites (Srm) and
breast tumor kinase (Brk, also called protein tyrosine
kinase 6); catalytic (c) domains. The PTKc family is
part of a larger superfamily that includes the catalytic
domains of other kinases such as protein
serine/threonine kinases, RIO kinases, and
phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). PTKs catalyze the
transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to
tyrosine (tyr) residues in protein substrates. Srm and
Brk are a member of the Src subfamily of proteins, which
are cytoplasmic (or non-receptor) tyr kinases. Src
kinases in general contain an N-terminal SH4 domain with
a myristoylation site, followed by SH3 and SH2 domains,
a tyr kinase domain, and a regulatory C-terminal region
containing a conserved tyr; they are activated by
autophosphorylation at the tyr kinase domain, but are
negatively regulated by phosphorylation at the
C-terminal tyr by Csk (C-terminal Src Kinase). Srm and
Brk however, lack the N-terminal myristylation sites.
Src proteins are involved in signaling pathways that
regulate cytokine and growth factor responses,
cytoskeleton dynamics, cell proliferation, survival, and
differentiation. Brk has been found to be overexpressed
in a majority of breast tumors.
Length = 261
Score = 84.8 bits (210), Expect = 2e-20
Identities = 28/55 (50%), Positives = 37/55 (67%)
Query: 121 GMTNAEVLHQVEHGYRMPCPPGCPPRLYDIMLECWLKDPVKRPTFETLQWKLEDF 175
GM N EV Q+ GYRMPCP CP +Y IMLECW +P RP+F+ L+ +L++
Sbjct: 207 GMNNHEVYDQITAGYRMPCPAKCPQEIYKIMLECWAAEPEDRPSFKALREELDNI 261
>gnl|CDD|197581 smart00219, TyrKc, Tyrosine kinase, catalytic domain.
Phosphotransferases. Tyrosine-specific kinase subfamily.
Length = 257
Score = 84.1 bits (209), Expect = 5e-20
Identities = 30/53 (56%), Positives = 38/53 (71%)
Query: 120 GGMTNAEVLHQVEHGYRMPCPPGCPPRLYDIMLECWLKDPVKRPTFETLQWKL 172
GM+N EVL +++GYR+P PP CPP LYD+ML+CW +DP RPTF L L
Sbjct: 205 PGMSNEEVLEYLKNGYRLPQPPNCPPELYDLMLQCWAEDPEDRPTFSELVEIL 257
>gnl|CDD|133200 cd05069, PTKc_Yes, Catalytic domain of the Protein Tyrosine Kinase,
Yes. Protein Tyrosine Kinase (PTK) family; Yes kinase;
catalytic (c) domain. The PTKc family is part of a
larger superfamily that includes the catalytic domains
of other kinases such as protein serine/threonine
kinases, RIO kinases, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase
(PI3K). PTKs catalyze the transfer of the
gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to tyrosine (tyr)
residues in protein substrates. Yes (or c-Yes) is a
member of the Src subfamily of proteins, which are
cytoplasmic (or non-receptor) tyr kinases. Src kinases
contain an N-terminal SH4 domain with a myristoylation
site, followed by SH3 and SH2 domains, a tyr kinase
domain, and a regulatory C-terminal region containing a
conserved tyr. They are activated by autophosphorylation
at the tyr kinase domain, but are negatively regulated
by phosphorylation at the C-terminal tyr by Csk
(C-terminal Src Kinase). Src proteins are involved in
signaling pathways that regulate cytokine and growth
factor responses, cytoskeleton dynamics, cell
proliferation, survival, and differentiation. c-Yes
kinase is the cellular homolog of the oncogenic protein
(v-Yes) encoded by the Yamaguchi 73 and Esh sarcoma
viruses. It displays functional overlap with other Src
subfamily members, particularly Src. It also shows some
unique functions such as binding to occludins,
transmembrane proteins that regulate extracellular
interactions in tight junctions. Yes also associates
with a number of proteins in different cell types that
Src does not interact with, like JAK2 and gp130 in
pre-adipocytes, and Pyk2 in treated pulmonary vein
endothelial cells. Although the biological function of
Yes remains unclear, it appears to have a role in
regulating cell-cell interactions and vesicle
trafficking in polarized cells.
Length = 260
Score = 83.6 bits (206), Expect = 7e-20
Identities = 35/55 (63%), Positives = 41/55 (74%)
Query: 121 GMTNAEVLHQVEHGYRMPCPPGCPPRLYDIMLECWLKDPVKRPTFETLQWKLEDF 175
GM N EVL QVE GYRMPCP GCP L+++M CW KDP +RPTFE +Q LED+
Sbjct: 206 GMVNREVLEQVERGYRMPCPQGCPESLHELMKLCWKKDPDERPTFEYIQSFLEDY 260
>gnl|CDD|214568 smart00221, STYKc, Protein kinase; unclassified specificity.
Phosphotransferases. The specificity of this class of
kinases can not be predicted. Possible dual-specificity
Ser/Thr/Tyr kinase.
Length = 258
Score = 82.2 bits (204), Expect = 2e-19
Identities = 30/52 (57%), Positives = 37/52 (71%)
Query: 121 GMTNAEVLHQVEHGYRMPCPPGCPPRLYDIMLECWLKDPVKRPTFETLQWKL 172
GM+NAEVL ++ GYR+P PP CPP LY +ML+CW +DP RPTF L L
Sbjct: 207 GMSNAEVLEYLKKGYRLPKPPNCPPELYKLMLQCWAEDPEDRPTFSELVEIL 258
>gnl|CDD|173624 cd00192, PTKc, Catalytic domain of Protein Tyrosine Kinases.
Protein Tyrosine Kinase (PTK) family, catalytic domain.
This PTKc family is part of a larger superfamily that
includes the catalytic domains of protein
serine/threonine kinases, RIO kinases, aminoglycoside
phosphotransferase, choline kinase, and phosphoinositide
3-kinase (PI3K). PTKs catalyze the transfer of the
gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to tyrosine (tyr)
residues in protein substrates. They can be classified
into receptor and non-receptor tyr kinases. PTKs play
important roles in many cellular processes including,
lymphocyte activation, epithelium growth and
maintenance, metabolism control, organogenesis
regulation, survival, proliferation, differentiation,
migration, adhesion, motility, and morphogenesis.
Receptor tyr kinases (RTKs) are integral membrane
proteins which contain an extracellular ligand-binding
region, a transmembrane segment, and an intracellular
tyr kinase domain. RTKs are usually activated through
ligand binding, which causes dimerization and
autophosphorylation of the intracellular tyr kinase
catalytic domain, leading to intracellular signaling.
Some RTKs are orphan receptors with no known ligands.
Non-receptor (or cytoplasmic) tyr kinases are
distributed in different intracellular compartments and
are usually multi-domain proteins containing a catalytic
tyr kinase domain as well as various regulatory domains
such as SH3 and SH2. PTKs are usually autoinhibited and
require a mechanism for activation. In many PTKs, the
phosphorylation of tyr residues in the activation loop
is essential for optimal activity. Aberrant expression
of PTKs is associated with many development
abnormalities and cancers.
Length = 262
Score = 81.0 bits (201), Expect = 6e-19
Identities = 27/54 (50%), Positives = 34/54 (62%)
Query: 120 GGMTNAEVLHQVEHGYRMPCPPGCPPRLYDIMLECWLKDPVKRPTFETLQWKLE 173
G++N EVL + GYR+P P CP LY++ML CW DP RPTF L +LE
Sbjct: 209 PGLSNEEVLEYLRKGYRLPKPEYCPDELYELMLSCWQLDPEDRPTFSELVERLE 262
>gnl|CDD|133191 cd05060, PTKc_Syk_like, Catalytic domain of Spleen Tyrosine
Kinase-like Protein Tyrosine Kinases. Protein Tyrosine
Kinase (PTK) family; Spleen Tyrosine Kinase (Syk)
subfamily; catalytic (c) domain. The Syk subfamily is
composed of Syk, ZAP-70, Shark, and similar proteins.
The PTKc family is part of a larger superfamily that
includes the catalytic domains of other kinases such as
protein serine/threonine kinases, RIO kinases, and
phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). PTKs catalyze the
transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to
tyrosine (tyr) residues in protein substrates. Syk
subfamily kinases are cytoplasmic (or nonreceptor) tyr
kinases containing two Src homology 2 (SH2) domains
N-terminal to the catalytic tyr kinase domain. They are
involved in the signaling downstream of activated
receptors (including B-cell, T-cell, and Fc receptors)
that contain ITAMs (immunoreceptor tyr activation
motifs), leading to processes such as cell
proliferation, differentiation, survival, adhesion,
migration, and phagocytosis. Syk is important in B-cell
receptor (BCR) signaling, while Zap-70 is primarily
expressed in T-cells and NK cells, and is a crucial
component in T-cell receptor (TCR) signaling. Syk also
plays a central role in Fc receptor-mediated
phagocytosis in the adaptive immune system. Shark is
exclusively expressed in ectodermally derived epithelia,
and is localized preferentially to the apical surface of
the epithelial cells, it may play a role in a signaling
pathway for epithelial cell polarity.
Length = 257
Score = 81.2 bits (201), Expect = 6e-19
Identities = 24/49 (48%), Positives = 28/49 (57%)
Query: 120 GGMTNAEVLHQVEHGYRMPCPPGCPPRLYDIMLECWLKDPVKRPTFETL 168
G M AEV+ +E G R+P P CP +Y IML CW P RPTF L
Sbjct: 200 GEMKGAEVIAMLESGERLPRPEECPQEIYSIMLSCWKYRPEDRPTFSEL 248
>gnl|CDD|133204 cd05073, PTKc_Hck, Catalytic domain of the Protein Tyrosine Kinase,
Hematopoietic cell kinase. Protein Tyrosine Kinase
(PTK) family; Hematopoietic cell kinase (Hck); catalytic
(c) domain. The PTKc family is part of a larger
superfamily that includes the catalytic domains of other
kinases such as protein serine/threonine kinases, RIO
kinases, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). PTKs
catalyze the transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group from
ATP to tyrosine (tyr) residues in protein substrates.
Hck is a member of the Src subfamily of proteins, which
are cytoplasmic (or non-receptor) tyr kinases. Src
kinases contain an N-terminal SH4 domain with a
myristoylation site, followed by SH3 and SH2 domains, a
tyr kinase domain, and a regulatory C-terminal region
containing a conserved tyr. They are activated by
autophosphorylation at the tyr kinase domain, but are
negatively regulated by phosphorylation at the
C-terminal tyr by Csk (C-terminal Src Kinase). Src
proteins are involved in signaling pathways that
regulate cytokine and growth factor responses,
cytoskeleton dynamics, cell proliferation, survival, and
differentiation. Hck is present in myeloid and lymphoid
cells that play a role in the development of cancer. It
may be important in the oncogenic signaling of the
protein Tel-Abl, which induces a chronic myelogenous
leukemia (CML)-like disease. Hck also acts as a negative
regulator of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor
(G-CSF)-induced proliferation of granulocytic
precursors, suggesting a possible role in the
development of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). In
addition, Hck is essential in regulating the
degranulation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs).
Genetic polymorphisms affect the expression level of
Hck, which affects PMN mediator release and influences
the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
(COPD).
Length = 260
Score = 80.1 bits (197), Expect = 2e-18
Identities = 30/55 (54%), Positives = 38/55 (69%)
Query: 121 GMTNAEVLHQVEHGYRMPCPPGCPPRLYDIMLECWLKDPVKRPTFETLQWKLEDF 175
GM+N EV+ +E GYRMP P CP LY+IM+ CW P +RPTFE +Q L+DF
Sbjct: 206 GMSNPEVIRALERGYRMPRPENCPEELYNIMMRCWKNRPEERPTFEYIQSVLDDF 260
>gnl|CDD|133171 cd05039, PTKc_Csk_like, Catalytic domain of C-terminal Src
kinase-like Protein Tyrosine Kinases. Protein Tyrosine
Kinase (PTK) family; C-terminal Src kinase (Csk)
subfamily; catalytic (c) domain. The Csk subfamily is
composed of Csk, Chk, and similar proteins. The PTKc
family is part of a larger superfamily that includes the
catalytic domains of other kinases such as protein
serine/threonine kinases, RIO kinases, and
phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). PTKs catalyze the
transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to
tyrosine (tyr) residues in protein substrates. Csk
subfamily kinases are cytoplasmic (or nonreceptor) tyr
kinases containing the Src homology domains, SH3 and
SH2, N-terminal to the catalytic tyr kinase domain. They
negatively regulate the activity of Src kinases that are
anchored to the plasma membrane. To inhibit Src kinases,
Csk and Chk are translocated to the membrane via binding
to specific transmembrane proteins, G-proteins, or
adaptor proteins near the membrane. Csk catalyzes the
tyr phosphorylation of the regulatory C-terminal tail of
Src kinases, resulting in their inactivation. Chk
inhibit Src kinases using a noncatalytic mechanism by
simply binding to them. As negative regulators of Src
kinases, Csk and Chk play important roles in cell
proliferation, survival, and differentiation, and
consequently, in cancer development and progression.
Length = 256
Score = 76.7 bits (189), Expect = 3e-17
Identities = 25/51 (49%), Positives = 33/51 (64%)
Query: 125 AEVLHQVEHGYRMPCPPGCPPRLYDIMLECWLKDPVKRPTFETLQWKLEDF 175
+V+ VE GYRM P GCPP +Y +M +CW DP KRPTF+ L+ +L
Sbjct: 206 KDVVPHVEKGYRMEAPEGCPPEVYKVMKDCWELDPAKRPTFKQLREQLALI 256
>gnl|CDD|133187 cd05056, PTKc_FAK, Catalytic domain of the Protein Tyrosine Kinase,
Focal Adhesion Kinase. Protein Tyrosine Kinase (PTK)
family; Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK); catalytic (c)
domain. The PTKc family is part of a larger superfamily
that includes the catalytic domains of other kinases
such as protein serine/threonine kinases, RIO kinases,
and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). PTKs catalyze the
transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to
tyrosine (tyr) residues in protein substrates. FAK is a
cytoplasmic (or nonreceptor) tyr kinase that contains an
autophosphorylation site and a FERM domain at the
N-terminus, a central tyr kinase domain, proline-rich
regions, and a C-terminal FAT (focal adhesion targeting)
domain. FAK activity is dependent on integrin-mediated
cell adhesion, which facilitates N-terminal
autophosphorylation. Full activation is achieved by the
phosphorylation of its two adjacent A-loop tyrosines.
FAK is important in mediating signaling initiated at
sites of cell adhesions and at growth factor receptors.
Through diverse molecular interactions, FAK functions as
a biosensor or integrator to control cell motility. It
is a key regulator of cell survival, proliferation,
migration and invasion, and thus plays an important role
in the development and progression of cancer. Src binds
to autophosphorylated FAK forming the FAK-Src dual
kinase complex, which is activated in a wide variety of
tumor cells and generates signals promoting growth and
metastasis. FAK is being developed as a target for
cancer therapy.
Length = 270
Score = 75.2 bits (185), Expect = 1e-16
Identities = 27/59 (45%), Positives = 38/59 (64%)
Query: 121 GMTNAEVLHQVEHGYRMPCPPGCPPRLYDIMLECWLKDPVKRPTFETLQWKLEDFFTME 179
G+ N +V+ ++E+G R+P PP CPP LY +M +CW DP KRP F L+ +L D E
Sbjct: 211 GVKNNDVIGRIENGERLPMPPNCPPTLYSLMTKCWAYDPSKRPRFTELKAQLSDILQEE 269
>gnl|CDD|198230 cd10367, SH2_Src_Fgr, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in
Gardner-Rasheed feline sarcoma viral (v-fgr) oncogene
homolog, Fgr. Fgr is a member of the Src non-receptor
type tyrosine kinase family of proteins. The protein
contains N-terminal sites for myristoylation and
palmitoylation, a PTK domain, and SH2 and SH3 domains
which are involved in mediating protein-protein
interactions with phosphotyrosine-containing and
proline-rich motifs, respectively. Fgr is expressed in
B-cells and myeloid cells, localizes to plasma membrane
ruffles, and functions as a negative regulator of cell
migration and adhesion triggered by the beta-2 integrin
signal transduction pathway. Multiple alternatively
spliced variants, encoding the same protein, have been
identified Fgr has been shown to interact with
Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein. Fgr has a unique
N-terminal domain, an SH3 domain, an SH2 domain, a
kinase domain and a regulatory tail, as do the other
members of the family. In general SH2 domains are
involved in signal transduction. They typically bind
pTyr-containing ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr
and hydrophobic binding pocket, allowing proteins with
SH2 domains to localize to tyrosine phosphorylated
sites.
Length = 101
Score = 69.5 bits (170), Expect = 5e-16
Identities = 43/100 (43%), Positives = 57/100 (57%), Gaps = 12/100 (12%)
Query: 1 WYFGKIKRIEAEKKLLLPENDHGAFLIRDSESRKNDYSLS---------EYKRSSFCLKM 51
WYFGKI R +AE++LL P N GAFLIR+SE+ K YSLS ++ + K+
Sbjct: 5 WYFGKIGRKDAERQLLSPGNPRGAFLIRESETTKGAYSLSIRDWDQNRGDHVKHYKIRKL 64
Query: 52 TTGRSLFETQKAGRTTIHYPELVEHYSKDADGLCVNLRKP 91
TG + T +A T+ ELV+HY + DGLC L P
Sbjct: 65 DTG-GYYITTRAQFDTVQ--ELVQHYMEVNDGLCYLLTAP 101
>gnl|CDD|173641 cd05072, PTKc_Lyn, Catalytic domain of the Protein Tyrosine Kinase,
Lyn. Protein Tyrosine Kinase (PTK) family; Lyn kinase;
catalytic (c) domain. The PTKc family is part of a
larger superfamily that includes the catalytic domains
of other kinases such as protein serine/threonine
kinases, RIO kinases, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase
(PI3K). PTKs catalyze the transfer of the
gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to tyrosine (tyr)
residues in protein substrates. Lyn is a member of the
Src subfamily of proteins, which are cytoplasmic (or
non-receptor) tyr kinases. Src kinases contain an
N-terminal SH4 domain with a myristoylation site,
followed by SH3 and SH2 domains, a tyr kinase domain,
and a regulatory C-terminal region containing a
conserved tyr. They are activated by autophosphorylation
at the tyr kinase domain, but are negatively regulated
by phosphorylation at the C-terminal tyr by Csk
(C-terminal Src Kinase). Src proteins are involved in
signaling pathways that regulate cytokine and growth
factor responses, cytoskeleton dynamics, cell
proliferation, survival, and differentiation. Lyn is
expressed in B lymphocytes and myeloid cells. It
exhibits both positive and negative regulatory roles in
B cell receptor (BCR) signaling. Lyn, as well as Fyn and
Blk, promotes B cell activation by phosphorylating ITAMs
(immunoreceptor tyr activation motifs) in CD19 and in Ig
components of BCR. It negatively regulates signaling by
its unique ability to phosphorylate ITIMs
(immunoreceptor tyr inhibition motifs) in cell surface
receptors like CD22 and CD5. Lyn also plays an important
role in G-CSF receptor signaling by phosphorylating a
variety of adaptor molecules.
Length = 261
Score = 72.4 bits (177), Expect = 1e-15
Identities = 27/55 (49%), Positives = 37/55 (67%)
Query: 121 GMTNAEVLHQVEHGYRMPCPPGCPPRLYDIMLECWLKDPVKRPTFETLQWKLEDF 175
GM+N++V+ ++ GYRMP CP LYDIM CW + +RPTF+ LQ L+DF
Sbjct: 207 GMSNSDVMSALQRGYRMPRMENCPDELYDIMKTCWKEKAEERPTFDYLQSVLDDF 261
>gnl|CDD|133213 cd05082, PTKc_Csk, Catalytic domain of the Protein Tyrosine Kinase,
C-terminal Src kinase. Protein Tyrosine Kinase (PTK)
family; C-terminal Src kinase (Csk); catalytic (c)
domain. The PTKc family is part of a larger superfamily
that includes the catalytic domains of other kinases
such as protein serine/threonine kinases, RIO kinases,
and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). PTKs catalyze the
transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to
tyrosine (tyr) residues in protein substrates. The Csk
subfamily kinases are cytoplasmic (or nonreceptor) tyr
kinases containing the Src homology domains, SH3 and
SH2, N-terminal to the catalytic tyr kinase domain. They
negatively regulate the activity of Src kinases that are
anchored to the plasma membrane. To inhibit Src kinases,
Csk is translocated to the membrane via binding to
specific transmembrane proteins, G-proteins, or adaptor
proteins near the membrane. Csk catalyzes the tyr
phosphorylation of the regulatory C-terminal tail of Src
kinases, resulting in their inactivation. Csk is
expressed in a wide variety of tissues. As a negative
regulator of Src, Csk plays a role in cell
proliferation, survival, and differentiation, and
consequently, in cancer development and progression. In
addition, Csk also shows Src-independent functions. It
is a critical component in G-protein signaling, and
plays a role in cytoskeletal reorganization and cell
migration.
Length = 256
Score = 71.2 bits (174), Expect = 3e-15
Identities = 23/49 (46%), Positives = 33/49 (67%)
Query: 126 EVLHQVEHGYRMPCPPGCPPRLYDIMLECWLKDPVKRPTFETLQWKLED 174
+V+ +VE GY+M P GCPP +YD+M +CW D RP+F L+ +LE
Sbjct: 207 DVVPRVEKGYKMDAPDGCPPVVYDVMKQCWHLDAATRPSFLQLREQLEH 255
>gnl|CDD|198225 cd10362, SH2_Src_Lck, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain in lymphocyte
cell kinase (Lck). Lck is a member of the Src
non-receptor type tyrosine kinase family of proteins. It
is expressed in the brain, T-cells, and NK cells. The
unique domain of Lck mediates its interaction with two
T-cell surface molecules, CD4 and CD8. It associates
with their cytoplasmic tails on CD4 T helper cells and
CD8 cytotoxic T cells to assist signaling from the T
cell receptor (TCR) complex. When the T cell receptor is
engaged by the specific antigen presented by MHC, Lck
phosphorylase the intracellular chains of the CD3 and
zeta-chains of the TCR complex, allowing ZAP-70 to bind
them. Lck then phosphorylates and activates ZAP-70,
which in turn phosphorylates Linker of Activated T cells
(LAT), a transmembrane protein that serves as a docking
site for proteins including: Shc-Grb2-SOS, PI3K, and
phospholipase C (PLC). The tyrosine phosphorylation
cascade culminates in the intracellular mobilization of
a calcium ions and activation of important signaling
cascades within the lymphocyte, including the
Ras-MEK-ERK pathway, which goes on to activate certain
transcription factors such as NFAT, NF-kappaB, and AP-1.
These transcription factors regulate the production
cytokines such as Interleukin-2 that promote long-term
proliferation and differentiation of the activated
lymphocytes. The N-terminal tail of Lck is
myristoylated and palmitoylated and it tethers the
protein to the plasma membrane of the cell. Lck also
contains a SH3 domain, a SH2 domain, and a C-terminal
tyrosine kinase domain. Lck has 2 phosphorylation sites,
the first an autophosphorylation site that is linked to
activation of the protein and the second which is
phosphorylated by Csk, which inhibits it. Lck is also
inhibited by SHP-1 dephosphorylation and by Cbl
ubiquitin ligase, which is part of the
ubiquitin-mediated pathway. In general SH2 domains are
involved in signal transduction. They typically bind
pTyr-containing ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr
and hydrophobic binding pocket, allowing proteins with
SH2 domains to localize to tyrosine phosphorylated
sites.
Length = 101
Score = 67.6 bits (165), Expect = 3e-15
Identities = 34/100 (34%), Positives = 52/100 (52%), Gaps = 12/100 (12%)
Query: 1 WYFGKIKRIEAEKKLLLPENDHGAFLIRDSESRKNDYSLS---------EYKRSSFCLKM 51
W+F + R +AE++LL P N HG+FLIR+SE+ +SLS E + +
Sbjct: 5 WFFKNLSRNDAERQLLAPGNTHGSFLIRESETTAGSFSLSVRDFDQNQGEVVKHYKIRNL 64
Query: 52 TTGRSLFETQKAGRTTIHYPELVEHYSKDADGLCVNLRKP 91
G + + + +H ELV HY+ +DGLC L +P
Sbjct: 65 DNG-GFYISPRITFPGLH--ELVRHYTNASDGLCTRLSRP 101
>gnl|CDD|173629 cd05041, PTKc_Fes_like, Catalytic domain of Fes-like Protein
Tyrosine Kinases. Protein Tyrosine Kinase (PTK) family;
Fes subfamily; catalytic (c) domain. Fes subfamily
members include Fes (or Fps), Fer, and similar proteins.
The PTKc family is part of a larger superfamily that
includes the catalytic domains of other kinases such as
protein serine/threonine kinases, RIO kinases, and
phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). PTKs catalyze the
transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to
tyrosine (tyr) residues in protein substrates. Fes
subfamily proteins are cytoplasmic (or nonreceptor) tyr
kinases containing an N-terminal region with FCH
(Fes/Fer/CIP4 homology) and coiled-coil domains,
followed by a SH2 domain, and a C-terminal catalytic
domain. The genes for Fes (feline sarcoma) and Fps
(Fujinami poultry sarcoma) were first isolated from
tumor-causing retroviruses. The viral oncogenes encode
chimeric Fes proteins consisting of Gag sequences at the
N-termini, resulting in unregulated tyr kinase activity.
Fes and Fer kinases play roles in haematopoiesis,
inflammation and immunity, growth factor signaling,
cytoskeletal regulation, cell migration and adhesion,
and the regulation of cell-cell interactions. Fes and
Fer show redundancy in their biological functions.
Length = 251
Score = 71.0 bits (174), Expect = 4e-15
Identities = 24/60 (40%), Positives = 35/60 (58%), Gaps = 3/60 (5%)
Query: 117 FGSG---GMTNAEVLHQVEHGYRMPCPPGCPPRLYDIMLECWLKDPVKRPTFETLQWKLE 173
G GM+N + ++E GYRMP P CP +Y +ML+CW DP RP+F + +L+
Sbjct: 191 LGDTPYPGMSNQQTRERIESGYRMPAPQLCPEEIYRLMLQCWAYDPENRPSFSEIYNELQ 250
>gnl|CDD|133165 cd05033, PTKc_EphR, Catalytic domain of Ephrin Receptor Protein
Tyrosine Kinases. Protein Tyrosine Kinase (PTK) family;
Ephrin Receptor (EphR) subfamily; catalytic (c) domain.
The PTKc family is part of a larger superfamily that
includes the catalytic domains of other kinases such as
protein serine/threonine kinases, RIO kinases, and
phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). PTKs catalyze the
transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to
tyrosine (tyr) residues in protein substrates. EphRs
comprise the largest subfamily of receptor tyr kinases
(RTKs). They can be classified into two classes (EphA
and EphB), according to their extracellular sequences,
which largely correspond to binding preferences for
either GPI-anchored ephrin-A ligands or transmembrane
ephrin-B ligands. Vertebrates have ten EphA and six EhpB
receptors, which display promiscuous ligand interactions
within each class. EphRs contain an ephrin binding
domain and two fibronectin repeats extracellularly, a
transmembrane segment, and a cytoplasmic tyr kinase
domain. Binding of the ephrin ligand to EphR requires
cell-cell contact since both are anchored to the plasma
membrane. This allows ephrin/EphR dimers to form,
leading to the activation of the intracellular tyr
kinase domain. The resulting downstream signals occur
bidirectionally in both EphR-expressing cells (forward
signaling) and ephrin-expressing cells (reverse
signaling). The main effect of ephrin/EphR interaction
is cell-cell repulsion or adhesion. Ephrin/EphR
signaling is important in neural development and
plasticity, cell morphogenesis and proliferation,
cell-fate determination, embryonic development, tissue
patterning, and angiogenesis.
Length = 266
Score = 70.8 bits (174), Expect = 4e-15
Identities = 25/54 (46%), Positives = 34/54 (62%)
Query: 120 GGMTNAEVLHQVEHGYRMPCPPGCPPRLYDIMLECWLKDPVKRPTFETLQWKLE 173
M+N +V+ VE GYR+P P CP LY +ML+CW KD +RPTF + L+
Sbjct: 210 WDMSNQDVIKAVEDGYRLPPPMDCPSALYQLMLDCWQKDRNERPTFSQIVSTLD 263
>gnl|CDD|215658 pfam00017, SH2, SH2 domain.
Length = 77
Score = 66.1 bits (162), Expect = 6e-15
Identities = 32/79 (40%), Positives = 39/79 (49%), Gaps = 4/79 (5%)
Query: 1 WYFGKIKRIEAEKKLLLPENDHGAFLIRDSESRKNDYSLSEYKRSSF--CLKMTTGRSLF 58
WY GKI R EAE+ LLL G FL+R+SES+ DY+LS + +
Sbjct: 1 WYHGKISREEAER-LLLNPKPDGTFLVRESESKPGDYTLSVRDDGRVKHYRIQSLDNGGY 59
Query: 59 ETQKAGRTTIHYPELVEHY 77
G T PELVEHY
Sbjct: 60 -YISGGVTFNSLPELVEHY 77
>gnl|CDD|198226 cd10363, SH2_Src_HCK, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in HCK.
HCK is a member of the Src non-receptor type tyrosine
kinase family of proteins and is expressed in
hemopoietic cells. HCK is proposed to couple the Fc
receptor to the activation of the respiratory burst. It
may also play a role in neutrophil migration and in the
degranulation of neutrophils. It has two different
translational starts that have different subcellular
localization. HCK has been shown to interact with BCR
gene, ELMO1 Cbl gene, RAS p21 protein activator 1,
RASA3, Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor receptor,
ADAM15 and RAPGEF1. Like the other members of the Src
family the SH2 domain in addition to binding the target,
also plays an autoinhibitory role by binding to its
C-terminal tail. In general SH2 domains are involved in
signal transduction. HCK has a unique N-terminal domain,
an SH3 domain, an SH2 domain, a kinase domain and a
regulatory tail, as do the other members of the family.
They typically bind pTyr-containing ligands via two
surface pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic binding pocket,
allowing proteins with SH2 domains to localize to
tyrosine phosphorylated sites.
Length = 104
Score = 66.1 bits (161), Expect = 1e-14
Identities = 40/101 (39%), Positives = 59/101 (58%), Gaps = 10/101 (9%)
Query: 1 WYFGKIKRIEAEKKLLLPENDHGAFLIRDSESRKNDYSLS--EYK-RSSFCLKMTTGRSL 57
W+F I R +AE++LL P N G+F+IRDSE+ K YSLS +Y + +K R+L
Sbjct: 5 WFFKGISRKDAERQLLAPGNMLGSFMIRDSETTKGSYSLSVRDYDPQHGDTVKHYKIRTL 64
Query: 58 -----FETQKAGRTTIHYPELVEHYSKDADGLCVNLRKPCV 93
+ + ++ +T+ ELV+HY K DGLC L PC+
Sbjct: 65 DNGGFYISPRSTFSTLQ--ELVDHYKKGNDGLCQKLSVPCM 103
>gnl|CDD|198234 cd10371, SH2_Src_Blk, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in B
lymphoid kinase (Blk). Blk is a member of the Src
non-receptor type tyrosine kinase family of proteins.
Blk is expressed in the B-cells. Unlike most other Src
members Blk lacks cysteine residues in the SH4 domain
that undergo palmitylation. Blk is required for the
development of IL-17-producing gamma-delta T cells.
Furthermore, Blk is expressed in lymphoid precursors
and, in this capacity, plays a role in regulating thymus
cellularity during ontogeny. Blk has a unique N-terminal
domain, an SH3 domain, an SH2 domain, a kinase domain
and a regulatory tail, as do the other members of the
family. In general SH2 domains are involved in signal
transduction. They typically bind pTyr-containing
ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic
binding pocket, allowing proteins with SH2 domains to
localize to tyrosine phosphorylated sites.
Length = 100
Score = 65.0 bits (158), Expect = 3e-14
Identities = 40/96 (41%), Positives = 51/96 (53%), Gaps = 5/96 (5%)
Query: 1 WYFGKIKRIEAEKKLLLPENDHGAFLIRDSESRKNDYSLS--EYKRSSFCLKMTTGRSLF 58
W+F I R +AE++LL P N G+FLIR+SES K +SLS + +K RSL
Sbjct: 5 WFFRTISRKDAERQLLAPMNKAGSFLIRESESNKGAFSLSVKDVTTQGEVVKHYKIRSLD 64
Query: 59 ETQKAGRTTIHYPE---LVEHYSKDADGLCVNLRKP 91
I +P LV+HYSK DGLC L P
Sbjct: 65 NGGYYISPRITFPTLQALVQHYSKKGDGLCQKLTLP 100
>gnl|CDD|214585 smart00252, SH2, Src homology 2 domains. Src homology 2 domains
bind phosphotyrosine-containing polypeptides via 2
surface pockets. Specificity is provided via
interaction with residues that are distinct from the
phosphotyrosine. Only a single occurrence of a SH2
domain has been found in S. cerevisiae.
Length = 84
Score = 64.6 bits (158), Expect = 3e-14
Identities = 34/96 (35%), Positives = 40/96 (41%), Gaps = 27/96 (28%)
Query: 1 WYFGKIKRIEAEKKLLLPENDHGAFLIRDSESRKNDYSLS-------------EYKRSSF 47
WY G I R EAEK L G FL+RDSES DY LS + F
Sbjct: 3 WYHGFISREEAEKLLK--NEGDGDFLVRDSESSPGDYVLSVRVKGKVKHYRIRRNEDGKF 60
Query: 48 CLKMTTGRSLFETQKAGRTTIHYPELVEHYSKDADG 83
L G F ++ ELVEHY K++ G
Sbjct: 61 YL---EGGRKFP-------SL--VELVEHYQKNSLG 84
>gnl|CDD|198282 cd10419, SH2_Src_Fyn_isoform_b_like, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain
found in Fyn isoform b like proteins. Fyn is a member
of the Src non-receptor type tyrosine kinase family of
proteins. This cd contains the SH2 domain found in Fyn
isoform b type proteins. Fyn is involved in the control
of cell growth and is required in the following
pathways: T and B cell receptor signaling,
integrin-mediated signaling, growth factor and cytokine
receptor signaling, platelet activation, ion channel
function, cell adhesion, axon guidance, fertilization,
entry into mitosis, and differentiation of natural
killer cells, oligodendrocytes and keratinocytes. The
protein associates with the p85 subunit of
phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and interacts with the
Fyn-binding protein. Alternatively spliced transcript
variants encoding distinct isoforms exist. Fyn is
primarily localized to the cytoplasmic leaflet of the
plasma membrane. Tyrosine phosphorylation of target
proteins by Fyn serves to either regulate target
protein activity, and/or to generate a binding site on
the target protein that recruits other signaling
molecules. FYN has been shown to interact with a number
of proteins including: BCAR1, Cbl, Janus kinase,
nephrin, Sky, tyrosine kinase, Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
protein, and Zap-70. Fyn has a unique N-terminal
domain, an SH3 domain, an SH2 domain, a kinase domain
and a regulatory tail, as do the other members of the
family. In general SH2 domains are involved in signal
transduction. They typically bind pTyr-containing
ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic
binding pocket, allowing proteins with SH2 domains to
localize to tyrosine phosphorylated sites.
Length = 101
Score = 64.3 bits (156), Expect = 6e-14
Identities = 40/97 (41%), Positives = 56/97 (57%), Gaps = 12/97 (12%)
Query: 1 WYFGKIKRIEAEKKLLLPENDHGAFLIRDSESRKNDYSLS---------EYKRSSFCLKM 51
WYFGK+ R +AE++LL N G FLIR+SE+ K YSLS ++ + K+
Sbjct: 5 WYFGKLGRKDAERQLLSFGNPRGTFLIRESETTKGAYSLSIRDWDDMKGDHVKHYKIRKL 64
Query: 52 TTGRSLFETQKAGRTTIHYPELVEHYSKDADGLCVNL 88
G + T +A T+ +LV+HYS+ ADGLC NL
Sbjct: 65 DNG-GYYITTRAQFETLQ--QLVQHYSEKADGLCFNL 98
>gnl|CDD|198227 cd10364, SH2_Src_Lyn, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in Lyn.
Lyn is a member of the Src non-receptor type tyrosine
kinase family of proteins and is expressed in the
hematopoietic cells, in neural tissues, liver, and
adipose tissue. There are two alternatively spliced
forms of Lyn. Lyn plays an inhibitory role in myeloid
lineage proliferation. Following engagement of the B
cell receptors, Lyn undergoes rapid phosphorylation and
activation, triggering a cascade of signaling events
mediated by Lyn phosphorylation of tyrosine residues
within the immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation
motifs (ITAM) of the receptor proteins, and subsequent
recruitment and activation of other kinases including
Syk, phospholipase C2 (PLC2) and phosphatidyl inositol-3
kinase. These kinases play critical roles in
proliferation, Ca2+ mobilization and cell
differentiation. Lyn plays an essential role in the
transmission of inhibitory signals through
phosphorylation of tyrosine residues within the
immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs (ITIM)
in regulatory proteins such as CD22, PIR-B and FC RIIb1.
Their ITIM phosphorylation subsequently leads to
recruitment and activation of phosphatases such as
SHIP-1 and SHP-1 which further down modulate signaling
pathways, attenuate cell activation and can mediate
tolerance. Lyn also plays a role in the insulin
signaling pathway. Activated Lyn phosphorylates insulin
receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) leading to an increase in
translocation of Glut-4 to the cell membrane and
increased glucose utilization. It is the primary Src
family member involved in signaling downstream of the B
cell receptor. Lyn plays an unusual, 2-fold role in B
cell receptor signaling; it is essential for initiation
of signaling but is also later involved in negative
regulation of the signal. Lyn has a unique N-terminal
domain, an SH3 domain, an SH2 domain, a kinase domain
and a regulatory tail, as do the other members of the
family. In general SH2 domains are involved in signal
transduction. They typically bind pTyr-containing
ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic
binding pocket, allowing proteins with SH2 domains to
localize to tyrosine phosphorylated sites.
Length = 101
Score = 63.5 bits (154), Expect = 1e-13
Identities = 38/97 (39%), Positives = 52/97 (53%), Gaps = 6/97 (6%)
Query: 1 WYFGKIKRIEAEKKLLLPENDHGAFLIRDSESRKNDYSLS---EYKRSSFCLKMTTGRSL 57
W+F I R +AE++LL P N GAFLIR+SE+ K YSLS + +K RSL
Sbjct: 5 WFFKDITRKDAERQLLAPGNSAGAFLIRESETLKGSYSLSVRDYDPQHGDVIKHYKIRSL 64
Query: 58 FETQKAGRTTIHYP---ELVEHYSKDADGLCVNLRKP 91
I +P ++++HY K +DGLC L K
Sbjct: 65 DNGGYYISPRITFPCISDMIKHYQKQSDGLCRRLEKA 101
>gnl|CDD|198229 cd10366, SH2_Src_Yes, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in Yes.
Yes is a member of the Src non-receptor type tyrosine
kinase family of proteins. Yes is the cellular homolog
of the Yamaguchi sarcoma virus oncogene. In humans it
is encoded by the YES1 gene which maps to chromosome 18
and is in close proximity to thymidylate synthase. A
corresponding Yes pseudogene has been found on
chromosome 22. YES1 has been shown to interact with
Janus kinase 2, CTNND1,RPL10, and Occludin. Yes1 has a
unique N-terminal domain, an SH3 domain, an SH2 domain,
a kinase domain and a regulatory tail, as do the other
members of the family. In general SH2 domains are
involved in signal transduction. They typically bind
pTyr-containing ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr
and hydrophobic binding pocket, allowing proteins with
SH2 domains to localize to tyrosine phosphorylated
sites.
Length = 101
Score = 63.1 bits (153), Expect = 2e-13
Identities = 37/96 (38%), Positives = 55/96 (57%), Gaps = 10/96 (10%)
Query: 1 WYFGKIKRIEAEKKLLLPENDHGAFLIRDSESRKNDYSLS-----EYKRSS---FCLKMT 52
WYFGK+ R +AE+ LL P N G FL+R+SE+ K YSLS E + + + ++
Sbjct: 5 WYFGKMGRKDAERLLLNPGNQRGIFLVRESETTKGAYSLSIRDWDEVRGDNVKHYKIRKL 64
Query: 53 TGRSLFETQKAGRTTIHYPELVEHYSKDADGLCVNL 88
+ T +A T+ +LV+HY++ ADGLC L
Sbjct: 65 DNGGYYITTRAQFDTLQ--KLVKHYTEHADGLCHKL 98
>gnl|CDD|198231 cd10368, SH2_Src_Fyn, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in Fyn.
Fyn is a member of the Src non-receptor type tyrosine
kinase family of proteins. Fyn is involved in the
control of cell growth and is required in the following
pathways: T and B cell receptor signaling,
integrin-mediated signaling, growth factor and cytokine
receptor signaling, platelet activation, ion channel
function, cell adhesion, axon guidance, fertilization,
entry into mitosis, and differentiation of natural
killer cells, oligodendrocytes and keratinocytes. The
protein associates with the p85 subunit of
phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and interacts with the
Fyn-binding protein. Alternatively spliced transcript
variants encoding distinct isoforms exist. Fyn is
primarily localized to the cytoplasmic leaflet of the
plasma membrane. Tyrosine phosphorylation of target
proteins by Fyn serves to either regulate target protein
activity, and/or to generate a binding site on the
target protein that recruits other signaling molecules.
FYN has been shown to interact with a number of proteins
including: BCAR1, Cbl, Janus kinase, nephrin, Sky,
tyrosine kinase, Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein, and
Zap-70. Fyn has a unique N-terminal domain, an SH3
domain, an SH2 domain, a kinase domain and a regulatory
tail, as do the other members of the family. In general
SH2 domains are involved in signal transduction. They
typically bind pTyr-containing ligands via two surface
pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic binding pocket, allowing
proteins with SH2 domains to localize to tyrosine
phosphorylated sites.
Length = 101
Score = 63.1 bits (153), Expect = 2e-13
Identities = 38/100 (38%), Positives = 55/100 (55%), Gaps = 12/100 (12%)
Query: 1 WYFGKIKRIEAEKKLLLPENDHGAFLIRDSESRKNDYSLS---------EYKRSSFCLKM 51
WYFGK+ R +AE++LL N G FLIR+SE+ K YSLS ++ + K+
Sbjct: 5 WYFGKLGRKDAERQLLSFGNPRGTFLIRESETTKGAYSLSIRDWDDMKGDHVKHYKIRKL 64
Query: 52 TTGRSLFETQKAGRTTIHYPELVEHYSKDADGLCVNLRKP 91
G + T +A T+ +LV+HYS+ A+GLC L
Sbjct: 65 DNG-GYYITTRAQFETLQ--QLVQHYSETANGLCKVLIVT 101
>gnl|CDD|198228 cd10365, SH2_Src_Src, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in
tyrosine kinase sarcoma (Src). Src is a member of the
Src non-receptor type tyrosine kinase family of
proteins. Src is thought to play a role in the
regulation of embryonic development and cell growth.
Members here include v-Src and c-Src. v-Src lacks the
C-terminal inhibitory phosphorylation site and is
therefore constitutively active as opposed to normal
cellular src (c-Src) which is only activated under
certain circumstances where it is required (e.g. growth
factor signaling). v-Src is an oncogene whereas c-Src
is a proto-oncogene. c-Src consists of three domains,
an N-terminal SH3 domain, a central SH2 domain and a
tyrosine kinase domain. The SH2 and SH3 domains work
together in the auto-inhibition of the kinase domain.
The phosphorylation of an inhibitory tyrosine near the
c-terminus of the protein produces a binding site for
the SH2 domain which then facilitates binding of the
SH3 domain to a polyproline site within the linker
between the SH2 domain and the kinase domain. Binding
of the SH3 domain inactivates the enzyme. This allows
for multiple mechanisms for c-Src activation:
dephosphorylation of the C-terminal tyrosine by a
protein tyrosine phosphatase, binding of the SH2 domain
by a competitive phospho-tyrosine residue, or
competitive binding of a polyproline binding site to
the SH3 domain. Unlike most other Src members Src
lacks cysteine residues in the SH4 domain that undergo
palmitylation. Serine and threonine phosphorylation
sites have also been identified in the unique domains
of Src and are believed to modulate protein-protein
interactions or regulate catalytic activity.
Alternatively spliced forms of Src, which contain 6- or
11-amino acid insertions in the SH3 domain, are
expressed in CNS neurons. c-Src has a unique N-terminal
domain, an SH3 domain, an SH2 domain, a kinase domain
and a regulatory tail, as do the other members of the
family. In general SH2 domains are involved in signal
transduction. They typically bind pTyr-containing
ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic
binding pocket, allowing proteins with SH2 domains to
localize to tyrosine phosphorylated sites.
Length = 101
Score = 63.1 bits (153), Expect = 2e-13
Identities = 35/96 (36%), Positives = 53/96 (55%), Gaps = 10/96 (10%)
Query: 1 WYFGKIKRIEAEKKLLLPENDHGAFLIRDSESRKNDY--SLSEYKRSS------FCLKMT 52
WYFGKI R E+E+ LL EN G FL+R+SE+ K Y S+S++ + + ++
Sbjct: 5 WYFGKITRRESERLLLNAENPRGTFLVRESETTKGAYCLSVSDFDNAKGLNVKHYKIRKL 64
Query: 53 TGRSLFETQKAGRTTIHYPELVEHYSKDADGLCVNL 88
+ T + ++ +LV +YSK ADGLC L
Sbjct: 65 DSGGFYITSRTQFNSLQ--QLVAYYSKHADGLCHRL 98
>gnl|CDD|198190 cd09937, SH2_csk_like, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in
Carboxyl-Terminal Src Kinase (Csk). Both the
C-terminal Src kinase (CSK) and CSK-homologous kinase
(CHK) are members of the CSK-family of protein tyrosine
kinases. These proteins suppress activity of Src-family
kinases (SFK) by selectively phosphorylating the
conserved C-terminal tail regulatory tyrosine by a
similar mechanism. CHK is also capable of inhibiting
SFKs by a non-catalytic mechanism that involves binding
of CHK to SFKs to form stable protein complexes. The
unphosphorylated form of SFKs is inhibited by CSK and
CHK by a two-step mechanism. The first step involves
the formation of a complex of SFKs with CSK/CHK with
the SFKs in the complex are inactive. The second step,
involves the phosphorylation of the C-terminal tail
tyrosine of SFKs, which then dissociates and adopt an
inactive conformation. The structural basis of how the
phosphorylated SFKs dissociate from CSK/CHK to adopt
the inactive conformation is not known. The inactive
conformation of SFKs is stabilized by two
intramolecular inhibitory interactions: (a) the pYT:SH2
interaction in which the phosphorylated C-terminal tail
tyrosine (YT) binds to the SH2 domain, and (b) the
linker:SH3 interaction of which the SH2-kinase domain
linker binds to the SH3 domain. SFKs are activated by
multiple mechanisms including binding of the ligands to
the SH2 and SH3 domains to displace the two inhibitory
intramolecular interactions, autophosphorylation, and
dephosphorylation of YT. By selective phosphorylation
and the non-catalytic inhibitory mechanism CSK and CHK
are able to inhibit the active forms of SFKs. CSK and
CHK are regulated by phosphorylation and inter-domain
interactions. They both contain SH3, SH2, and kinase
domains separated by the SH3-SH2 connector and SH2
kinase linker, intervening segments separating the
three domains. They lack a conserved tyrosine
phosphorylation site in the kinase domain and the
C-terminal tail regulatory tyrosine phosphorylation
site. The CSK SH2 domain is crucial for stabilizing the
kinase domain in the active conformation. A disulfide
bond here regulates CSK kinase activity. The
subcellular localization and activity of CSK are
regulated by its SH2 domain. In general SH2 domains are
involved in signal transduction. They typically bind
pTyr-containing ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr
and hydrophobic binding pocket, allowing proteins with
SH2 domains to localize to tyrosine phosphorylated
sites.
Length = 98
Score = 62.3 bits (152), Expect = 3e-13
Identities = 42/98 (42%), Positives = 54/98 (55%), Gaps = 16/98 (16%)
Query: 1 WYFGKIKRIEAEKKLLLPENDHGAFLIRDSESRKNDYSLSEYKRSSFCLKMTTGRSLFET 60
W+ GKI R EAE+ L PE+ G FL+R+S + DY+L SF K+ R +
Sbjct: 5 WFHGKISREEAERLLQPPED--GLFLVRESTNYPGDYTLC----VSFEGKVEHYRVI--- 55
Query: 61 QKAGRTTIHYPE-------LVEHYSKDADGLCVNLRKP 91
+ G+ TI E LVEHY+KDADGLC L KP
Sbjct: 56 YRNGKLTIDEEEYFENLIQLVEHYTKDADGLCTRLVKP 93
>gnl|CDD|198281 cd10418, SH2_Src_Fyn_isoform_a_like, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain
found in Fyn isoform a like proteins. Fyn is a member
of the Src non-receptor type tyrosine kinase family of
proteins. This cd contains the SH2 domain found in Fyn
isoform a type proteins. Fyn is involved in the control
of cell growth and is required in the following
pathways: T and B cell receptor signaling,
integrin-mediated signaling, growth factor and cytokine
receptor signaling, platelet activation, ion channel
function, cell adhesion, axon guidance, fertilization,
entry into mitosis, and differentiation of natural
killer cells, oligodendrocytes and keratinocytes. The
protein associates with the p85 subunit of
phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and interacts with the
Fyn-binding protein. Alternatively spliced transcript
variants encoding distinct isoforms exist. Fyn is
primarily localized to the cytoplasmic leaflet of the
plasma membrane. Tyrosine phosphorylation of target
proteins by Fyn serves to either regulate target protein
activity, and/or to generate a binding site on the
target protein that recruits other signaling molecules.
FYN has been shown to interact with a number of proteins
including: BCAR1, Cbl, Janus kinase, nephrin, Sky,
tyrosine kinase, Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein, and
Zap-70. Fyn has a unique N-terminal domain, an SH3
domain, an SH2 domain, a kinase domain and a regulatory
tail, as do the other members of the family. In general
SH2 domains are involved in signal transduction. They
typically bind pTyr-containing ligands via two surface
pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic binding pocket, allowing
proteins with SH2 domains to localize to tyrosine
phosphorylated sites.
Length = 101
Score = 61.2 bits (148), Expect = 9e-13
Identities = 39/100 (39%), Positives = 55/100 (55%), Gaps = 12/100 (12%)
Query: 1 WYFGKIKRIEAEKKLLLPENDHGAFLIRDSESRKNDYSLS---------EYKRSSFCLKM 51
WYFGK+ R +AE++LL N G FLIR+SE+ K YSLS ++ + K+
Sbjct: 5 WYFGKLGRKDAERQLLSFGNPRGTFLIRESETTKGAYSLSIRDWDDMKGDHVKHYKIRKL 64
Query: 52 TTGRSLFETQKAGRTTIHYPELVEHYSKDADGLCVNLRKP 91
G + T +A T+ +LV+HYS+ A GLC L P
Sbjct: 65 DNG-GYYITTRAQFETLQ--QLVQHYSERAAGLCCRLVVP 101
>gnl|CDD|133214 cd05083, PTKc_Chk, Catalytic domain of the Protein Tyrosine Kinase,
Csk homologous kinase. Protein Tyrosine Kinase (PTK)
family; Csk homologous kinase (Chk); catalytic (c)
domain. The PTKc family is part of a larger superfamily
that includes the catalytic domains of other kinases
such as protein serine/threonine kinases, RIO kinases,
and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). PTKs catalyze the
transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to
tyrosine (tyr) residues in protein substrates. Csk
subfamily kinases are cytoplasmic (or nonreceptor) tyr
kinases containing the Src homology domains, SH3 and
SH2, N-terminal to the catalytic tyr kinase domain. They
negatively regulate the activity of Src kinases that are
anchored to the plasma membrane. Chk is also referred to
as megakaryocyte-associated tyrosine kinase (Matk). To
inhibit Src kinases, Chk is translocated to the membrane
via binding to specific transmembrane proteins,
G-proteins, or adaptor proteins near the membrane. Chk
inhibit Src kinases using a noncatalytic mechanism by
simply binding to them. As a negative regulator of Src
kinases, Chk may play important roles in cell
proliferation, survival, and differentiation, and
consequently, in cancer development and progression. Chk
is expressed in brain and hematopoietic cells. Studies
in mice reveal that Chk is not functionally redundant
with Csk and that it plays an important role as a
regulator of immune responses. Chk also plays a role in
neural differentiation in a manner independent of Src by
enhancing Mapk activation via Ras-mediated signaling.
Length = 254
Score = 63.8 bits (155), Expect = 1e-12
Identities = 26/52 (50%), Positives = 32/52 (61%)
Query: 122 MTNAEVLHQVEHGYRMPCPPGCPPRLYDIMLECWLKDPVKRPTFETLQWKLE 173
M+ EV VE GYRM P GCP +Y +M CW +P KRP+F L+ KLE
Sbjct: 201 MSLKEVKECVEKGYRMEPPEGCPADVYVLMTSCWETEPKKRPSFHKLREKLE 252
>gnl|CDD|173633 cd05052, PTKc_Abl, Catalytic domain of the Protein Tyrosine Kinase,
Abelson kinase. Protein Tyrosine Kinase (PTK) family;
Abelson (Abl) kinase; catalytic (c) domain. The PTKc
family is part of a larger superfamily that includes the
catalytic domains of other kinases such as protein
serine/threonine kinases, RIO kinases, and
phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). PTKs catalyze the
transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to
tyrosine (tyr) residues in protein substrates. Abl (or
c-Abl) is a ubiquitously-expressed cytoplasmic (or
nonreceptor) tyr kinase that contains SH3, SH2, and tyr
kinase domains in its N-terminal region, as well as
nuclear localization motifs, a putative DNA-binding
domain, and F- and G-actin binding domains in its
C-terminal tail. It also contains a short autoinhibitory
cap region in its N-terminus. Abl is normally inactive
and requires phosphorylation and myristoylation for
activation. Abl function depends on its subcellular
localization. In the cytoplasm, Abl plays a role in cell
proliferation and survival. In response to DNA damage or
oxidative stress, Abl is transported to the nucleus
where it induces apoptosis. In chronic myelogenous
leukemia (CML) patients, an aberrant translocation
results in the replacement of the first exon of Abl with
the BCR (breakpoint cluster region) gene. The resulting
BCR-Abl fusion protein is constitutively active and
associates into tetramers, resulting in a hyperactive
kinase sending a continuous signal. This leads to
uncontrolled proliferation, morphological transformation
and anti-apoptotic effects. BCR-Abl is the target of
selective inhibitors, such as imatinib (Gleevec), used
in the treatment of CML. Abl2, also known as ARG
(Abelson-related gene), is thought to play a cooperative
role with Abl in the proper development of the nervous
system. The Tel-ARG fusion protein, resulting from
reciprocal translocation between chromosomes 1 and 12,
is associated with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The TEL
gene is a frequent fusion partner of other tyr kinase
oncogenes, including Tel/Abl, Tel/PDGFRbeta, and
Tel/Jak2, found in patients with leukemia and
myeloproliferative disorders.
Length = 263
Score = 64.1 bits (156), Expect = 1e-12
Identities = 22/56 (39%), Positives = 33/56 (58%)
Query: 121 GMTNAEVLHQVEHGYRMPCPPGCPPRLYDIMLECWLKDPVKRPTFETLQWKLEDFF 176
G+ ++V +E GYRM P GCPP++Y++M CW +P RP+F + E F
Sbjct: 208 GIDLSQVYELLEKGYRMERPEGCPPKVYELMRACWQWNPSDRPSFAEIHQAFETMF 263
>gnl|CDD|133247 cd05116, PTKc_Syk, Catalytic domain of the Protein Tyrosine Kinase,
Spleen tyrosine kinase. Protein Tyrosine Kinase (PTK)
family; Spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk); catalytic (c)
domain. The PTKc family is part of a larger superfamily
that includes the catalytic domains of other kinases
such as protein serine/threonine kinases, RIO kinases,
and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). PTKs catalyze the
transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to
tyrosine (tyr) residues in protein substrates. Syk,
together with Zap-70, form the Syk subfamily of kinases
which are cytoplasmic (or nonreceptor) tyr kinases
containing two Src homology 2 (SH2) domains N-terminal
to the catalytic tyr kinase domain. Syk was first cloned
from the spleen, and its function in hematopoietic cells
is well-established. Syk is involved in the signaling
downstream of activated receptors (including B-cell and
Fc receptors) that contain ITAMs (immunoreceptor tyr
activation motifs), leading to processes such as cell
proliferation, differentiation, survival, adhesion,
migration, and phagocytosis. More recently, Syk
expression has been detected in other cell types
(including epithelial cells, vascular endothelial cells,
neurons, hepatocytes, and melanocytes), suggesting a
variety of biological functions in non-immune cells. Syk
plays a critical role in maintaining vascular integrity
and in wound healing during embryogenesis. It also
regulates Vav3, which is important in osteoclast
function including bone development. In breast
epithelial cells, where Syk acts as a negative regulator
for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling,
loss of Syk expression is associated with abnormal
proliferation during cancer development suggesting a
potential role as a tumor suppressor. In mice, Syk has
been shown to inhibit malignant transformation of
mammary epithelial cells induced with murine mammary
tumor virus (MMTV).
Length = 257
Score = 63.4 bits (154), Expect = 2e-12
Identities = 22/56 (39%), Positives = 32/56 (57%)
Query: 121 GMTNAEVLHQVEHGYRMPCPPGCPPRLYDIMLECWLKDPVKRPTFETLQWKLEDFF 176
GM EV +E G RM CP CPP +YD+M CW +RP F ++ +L +++
Sbjct: 201 GMKGNEVTQMIESGERMECPQRCPPEMYDLMKLCWTYGVDERPGFAVVELRLRNYY 256
>gnl|CDD|198223 cd10360, SH2_Srm, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in
Src-related kinase lacking C-terminal regulatory
tyrosine and N-terminal myristoylation sites (srm).
Srm is a nonreceptor protein kinase that has two SH2
domains, a SH3 domain, and a kinase domain with a
tyrosine residue for autophosphorylation. However it
lacks an N-terminal glycine for myristoylation and a
C-terminal tyrosine which suppresses kinase activity
when phosphorylated. Srm is most similar to members of
the Tec family who other members include: Tec, Btk/Emb,
and Itk/Tsk/Emt. However Srm differs in its N-terminal
unique domain it being much smaller than in the Tec
family and is closer to Src. Srm is thought to be a new
family of nonreceptor tyrosine kinases that may be
redundant in function. In general SH2 domains are
involved in signal transduction. They typically bind
pTyr-containing ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr
and hydrophobic binding pocket, allowing proteins with
SH2 domains to localize to tyrosine phosphorylated
sites.
Length = 79
Score = 59.6 bits (144), Expect = 3e-12
Identities = 27/61 (44%), Positives = 35/61 (57%), Gaps = 3/61 (4%)
Query: 1 WYFGKIKRIEAEKKLLLPENDHGAFLIRDSESRKNDYSLS---EYKRSSFCLKMTTGRSL 57
WYF I R +A++ LL P N+ GAFLIR SES YSLS + K + + M SL
Sbjct: 2 WYFSGISRTQAQQLLLSPPNEPGAFLIRPSESSLGGYSLSVRAQAKVCHYRICMAPSGSL 61
Query: 58 F 58
+
Sbjct: 62 Y 62
>gnl|CDD|133216 cd05085, PTKc_Fer, Catalytic domain of the Protein Tyrosine Kinase,
Fer. Protein Tyrosine Kinase (PTK) family; Fer kinase;
catalytic (c) domain. The PTKc family is part of a
larger superfamily that includes the catalytic domains
of other kinases such as protein serine/threonine
kinases, RIO kinases, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase
(PI3K). PTKs catalyze the transfer of the
gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to tyrosine (tyr)
residues in protein substrates. Fer kinase is a member
of the Fes subfamily of proteins which are cytoplasmic
(or nonreceptor) tyr kinases containing an N-terminal
region with FCH (Fes/Fer/CIP4 homology) and coiled-coil
domains, followed by a SH2 domain, and a C-terminal
catalytic domain. Fer kinase is expressed in a wide
variety of tissues, and is found to reside in both the
cytoplasm and the nucleus. It plays important roles in
neuronal polarization and neurite development,
cytoskeletal reorganization, cell migration, growth
factor signaling, and the regulation of cell-cell
interactions mediated by adherens junctions and focal
adhesions. Fer kinase also regulates cell cycle
progression in malignant cells.
Length = 250
Score = 63.1 bits (153), Expect = 3e-12
Identities = 26/52 (50%), Positives = 30/52 (57%)
Query: 121 GMTNAEVLHQVEHGYRMPCPPGCPPRLYDIMLECWLKDPVKRPTFETLQWKL 172
GMTN + QVE GYRM CP CP +Y +M CW P RP F LQ +L
Sbjct: 197 GMTNQQAREQVEKGYRMSCPQKCPDDVYKVMQRCWDYKPENRPKFSELQKEL 248
>gnl|CDD|198207 cd10344, SH2_SLAP, Src homology 2 domain found in Src-like adaptor
proteins. SLAP belongs to the subfamily of adapter
proteins that negatively regulate cellular signaling
initiated by tyrosine kinases. It has a myristylated
N-terminus, SH3 and SH2 domains with high homology to
Src family tyrosine kinases, and a unique C-terminal
tail, which is important for c-Cbl binding. SLAP
negatively regulates platelet-derived growth factor
(PDGF)-induced mitogenesis in fibroblasts and regulates
F-actin assembly for dorsal ruffles formation. c-Cbl
mediated SLAP inhibition towards actin remodeling.
Moreover, SLAP enhanced PDGF-induced c-Cbl
phosphorylation by SFK. In contrast, SLAP mitogenic
inhibition was not mediated by c-Cbl, but it rather
involved a competitive mechanism with SFK for
PDGF-receptor (PDGFR) association and mitogenic
signaling. Accordingly, phosphorylation of the Src
mitogenic substrates Stat3 and Shc were reduced by SLAP.
Thus, we concluded that SLAP regulates PDGFR signaling
by two independent mechanisms: a competitive mechanism
for PDGF-induced Src mitogenic signaling and a
non-competitive mechanism for dorsal ruffles formation
mediated by c-Cbl. SLAP is a hematopoietic adaptor
containing Src homology (SH)3 and SH2 motifs and a
unique carboxy terminus. Unlike c-Src, SLAP lacks a
tyrosine kinase domain. Unlike c-Src, SLAP does not
impact resorptive function of mature osteoclasts but
induces their early apoptosis. SLAP negatively regulates
differentiation of osteoclasts and proliferation of
their precursors. Conversely, SLAP decreases osteoclast
death by inhibiting activation of caspase 3. In general
SH2 domains are involved in signal transduction. They
typically bind pTyr-containing ligands via two surface
pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic binding pocket, allowing
proteins with SH2 domains to localize to tyrosine
phosphorylated sites.
Length = 104
Score = 59.8 bits (145), Expect = 3e-12
Identities = 35/91 (38%), Positives = 47/91 (51%), Gaps = 6/91 (6%)
Query: 1 WYFGKIKRIEAEKKLLLPENDHGAFLIRDSESRKNDYSLSEYKRSSFCLKMTTGRSLFET 60
W F + R +AE+ L+LP N G+FLIR+SE+R+ YSLS R S +F
Sbjct: 12 WLFEGLSREKAEELLMLPGNQVGSFLIRESETRRGCYSLSVRHRGSQSRDSVKHYRIFRL 71
Query: 61 QKAG-----RTTIH-YPELVEHYSKDADGLC 85
R T ++V HYS+ ADGLC
Sbjct: 72 DNGWFYISPRLTFQCLEDMVNHYSESADGLC 102
>gnl|CDD|173639 cd05066, PTKc_EphR_A, Catalytic domain of the Protein Tyrosine
Kinases, Class EphA Ephrin Receptors. Protein Tyrosine
Kinase (PTK) family; Ephrin Receptor (EphR) subfamily;
most class EphA receptors including EphA3, EphA4, EphA5,
and EphA7, but excluding EphA1, EphA2 and EphA10;
catalytic (c) domain. The PTKc family is part of a
larger superfamily that includes the catalytic domains
of other kinases such as protein serine/threonine
kinases, RIO kinases, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase
(PI3K). PTKs catalyze the transfer of the
gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to tyrosine (tyr)
residues in protein substrates. EphRs comprise the
largest subfamily of receptor tyr kinases (RTKs). In
general, class EphA receptors bind GPI-anchored ephrin-A
ligands. There are ten vertebrate EphA receptors
(EphA1-10), which display promiscuous interactions with
six ephrin-A ligands. One exception is EphA4, which also
binds ephrins-B2/B3. EphRs contain an ephrin-binding
domain and two fibronectin repeats extracellularly, a
transmembrane segment, and a cytoplasmic tyr kinase
domain. Binding of the ephrin ligand to EphR requires
cell-cell contact since both are anchored to the plasma
membrane. The resulting downstream signals occur
bidirectionally in both EphR-expressing cells (forward
signaling) and ephrin-expressing cells (reverse
signaling). Ephrin/EphR interaction mainly results in
cell-cell repulsion or adhesion, making it important in
neural development and plasticity, cell morphogenesis,
cell-fate determination, embryonic development, tissue
patterning, and angiogenesis. EphARs and ephrin-A
ligands are expressed in multiple areas of the
developing brain, especially in the retina and tectum.
They are part of a system controlling retinotectal
mapping.
Length = 267
Score = 62.2 bits (151), Expect = 7e-12
Identities = 22/47 (46%), Positives = 32/47 (68%)
Query: 122 MTNAEVLHQVEHGYRMPCPPGCPPRLYDIMLECWLKDPVKRPTFETL 168
M+N +V+ +E GYR+P P CP L+ +ML+CW KD +RP FE +
Sbjct: 213 MSNQDVIKAIEEGYRLPAPMDCPAALHQLMLDCWQKDRNERPKFEQI 259
>gnl|CDD|198191 cd09938, SH2_N-SH2_Zap70_Syk_like, N-terminal Src homology 2
(SH2) domain found in Zeta-chain-associated protein
kinase 70 (ZAP-70) and Spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk)
proteins. ZAP-70 and Syk comprise a family of
hematopoietic cell specific protein tyrosine kinases
(PTKs) that are required for antigen and antibody
receptor function. ZAP-70 is expressed in T and natural
killer (NK) cells and Syk is expressed in B cells, mast
cells, polymorphonuclear leukocytes, platelets,
macrophages, and immature T cells. They are required
for the proper development of T and B cells, immune
receptors, and activating NK cells. They consist of two
N-terminal Src homology 2 (SH2) domains and a
C-terminal kinase domain separated from the SH2 domains
by a linker or hinge region. Phosphorylation of both
tyrosine residues within the Immunoreceptor
Tyrosine-based Activation Motifs (ITAM; consensus
sequence Yxx[LI]x(7,8)Yxx[LI]) by the Src-family PTKs
is required for efficient interaction of ZAP-70 and Syk
with the receptor subunits and for receptor function.
ZAP-70 forms two phosphotyrosine binding pockets, one
of which is shared by both SH2 domains. In Syk the two
SH2 domains do not form such a phosphotyrosine-binding
site. The SH2 domains here are believed to function
independently. In addition, the two SH2 domains of Syk
display flexibility in their relative orientation,
allowing Syk to accommodate a greater variety of
spacing sequences between the ITAM phosphotyrosines and
singly phosphorylated non-classical ITAM ligands. This
model contains the N-terminus SH2 domains of both Syk
and Zap70. In general SH2 domains are involved in
signal transduction. They typically bind
pTyr-containing ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr
and hydrophobic binding pocket, allowing proteins with
SH2 domains to localize to tyrosine phosphorylated
sites.
Length = 104
Score = 58.6 bits (142), Expect = 1e-11
Identities = 35/94 (37%), Positives = 43/94 (45%), Gaps = 3/94 (3%)
Query: 1 WYFGKIKRIEAEKKLLLPENDHGAFLIRDSESRKNDYSLSEYKRSSFCLKMTTGRSLFET 60
+++G I R EAE+ L L G FL+R S Y LS F T R L T
Sbjct: 3 FFYGSITREEAEEYLKLAGMSDGLFLLRQSLRSLGGYVLSVCHGRKF-HHYTIERQLNGT 61
Query: 61 QK--AGRTTIHYPELVEHYSKDADGLCVNLRKPC 92
G+ EL E++S D DGL LRKPC
Sbjct: 62 YAIAGGKAHCGPAELCEYHSTDLDGLVCLLRKPC 95
>gnl|CDD|173630 cd05044, PTKc_c-ros, Catalytic domain of the Protein Tyrosine
Kinase, C-ros. Protein Tyrosine Kinases (PTK) family;
C-ros and Drosophila Sevenless proteins; catalytic (c)
domain. The PTKc family is part of a larger superfamily
that includes the catalytic domains of other kinases
such as protein serine/threonine kinases, RIO kinases,
and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). PTKs catalyze the
transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to
tyrosine (tyr) residues in protein substrates. The
proto-oncogene c-ros encodes an orphan receptor tyr
kinase (RTK) with an unknown ligand. RTKs contain an
extracellular ligand-binding domain, a transmembrane
region, and an intracellular tyr kinase domain. RTKs are
usually activated through ligand binding, which causes
dimerization and autophosphorylation of the
intracellular tyr kinase catalytic domain. C-ros is
expressed in embryonic cells of the kidney, intestine
and lung, but disappears soon after birth. It persists
only in the adult epididymis. Male mice bearing inactive
mutations of c-ros lack the initial segment of the
epididymis and are infertile. The Drosophila protein,
Sevenless, is required for the specification of the R7
photoreceptor cell during eye development.
Length = 269
Score = 61.4 bits (149), Expect = 1e-11
Identities = 22/53 (41%), Positives = 32/53 (60%)
Query: 121 GMTNAEVLHQVEHGYRMPCPPGCPPRLYDIMLECWLKDPVKRPTFETLQWKLE 173
+ N EVL V G R+ P CP ++Y +M CW +DP +RPTF+ +Q L+
Sbjct: 216 ALNNQEVLQHVTAGGRLQKPENCPDKIYQLMTNCWAQDPSERPTFDRIQEILQ 268
>gnl|CDD|173638 cd05065, PTKc_EphR_B, Catalytic domain of the Protein Tyrosine
Kinases, Class EphB Ephrin Receptors. Protein Tyrosine
Kinase (PTK) family; Ephrin Receptor (EphR) subfamily;
class EphB receptors; catalytic (c) domain. The PTKc
family is part of a larger superfamily that includes the
catalytic domains of other kinases such as protein
serine/threonine kinases, RIO kinases, and
phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). PTKs catalyze the
transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to
tyrosine (tyr) residues in protein substrates. EphRs
comprise the largest subfamily of receptor tyr kinases
(RTKs). Class EphB receptors bind to transmembrane
ephrin-B ligands. There are six vertebrate EhpB
receptors (EphB1-6), which display promiscuous
interactions with three ephrin-B ligands. One exception
is EphB2, which also interacts with ephrin A5. EphRs
contain an ephrin-binding domain and two fibronectin
repeats extracellularly, a transmembrane segment, and a
cytoplasmic tyr kinase domain. Binding of the ephrin
ligand to EphR requires cell-cell contact since both are
anchored to the plasma membrane. The resulting
downstream signals occur bidirectionally in both
EphR-expressing cells (forward signaling) and
ephrin-expressing cells (reverse signaling). Ephrin/EphR
interaction mainly results in cell-cell repulsion or
adhesion. EphBRs play important roles in synapse
formation and plasticity, spine morphogenesis, axon
guidance, and angiogenesis. In the intestinal
epithelium, EphBRs are Wnt signaling target genes that
control cell compartmentalization. They function as
suppressors of color cancer progression.
Length = 269
Score = 60.7 bits (147), Expect = 2e-11
Identities = 20/47 (42%), Positives = 30/47 (63%)
Query: 122 MTNAEVLHQVEHGYRMPCPPGCPPRLYDIMLECWLKDPVKRPTFETL 168
M+N +V++ +E YR+P P CP L+ +ML+CW KD RP F +
Sbjct: 215 MSNQDVINAIEQDYRLPPPMDCPTALHQLMLDCWQKDRNARPKFGQI 261
>gnl|CDD|133195 cd05064, PTKc_EphR_A10, Catalytic domain of the Protein Tyrosine
Kinase, Ephrin Receptor A10. Protein Tyrosine Kinase
(PTK) family; Ephrin Receptor (EphR) subfamily; EphA10
receptor; catalytic (c) domain. The PTKc family is part
of a larger superfamily that includes the catalytic
domains of other kinases such as protein
serine/threonine kinases, RIO kinases, and
phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). PTKs catalyze the
transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to
tyrosine (tyr) residues in protein substrates. EphRs
comprise the largest subfamily of receptor tyr kinases
(RTKs). In general, class EphA receptors bind
GPI-anchored ephrin-A ligands. There are ten vertebrate
EphA receptors (EphA1-10), which display promiscuous
interactions with six ephrin-A ligands. EphRs contain an
ephrin binding domain and two fibronectin repeats
extracellularly, a transmembrane segment, and a
cytoplasmic tyr kinase domain. Binding of the ephrin
ligand to EphR requires cell-cell contact since both are
anchored to the plasma membrane. The resulting
downstream signals occur bidirectionally in both
EphR-expressing cells (forward signaling) and
ephrin-expressing cells (reverse signaling). EphA10,
which contains an inactive tyr kinase domain, may
function to attenuate signals of co-clustered active
receptors. EphA10 is mainly expressed in the testis.
Ephrin/EphR interaction results in cell-cell repulsion
or adhesion, making it important in neural development
and plasticity, cell morphogenesis, cell-fate
determination, embryonic development, tissue patterning,
and angiogenesis.
Length = 266
Score = 60.3 bits (146), Expect = 2e-11
Identities = 19/44 (43%), Positives = 29/44 (65%)
Query: 122 MTNAEVLHQVEHGYRMPCPPGCPPRLYDIMLECWLKDPVKRPTF 165
M+ +V+ VE G+R+P P CP L+ +ML+CW K+ +RP F
Sbjct: 212 MSGQDVIKAVEDGFRLPAPRNCPNLLHQLMLDCWQKERGERPRF 255
>gnl|CDD|173637 cd05059, PTKc_Tec_like, Catalytic domain of Tec-like Protein
Tyrosine Kinases. Protein Tyrosine Kinase (PTK) family;
Tyrosine kinase expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma
(Tec) subfamily; catalytic (c) domain. The Tec subfamily
is composed of Tec, Btk, Bmx (Etk), Itk (Tsk, Emt), Rlk
(Txk), and similar proteins. The PTKc family is part of
a larger superfamily that includes the catalytic domains
of other kinases such as protein serine/threonine
kinases, RIO kinases, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase
(PI3K). PTKs catalyze the transfer of the
gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to tyrosine (tyr)
residues in protein substrates. Tec kinases are
cytoplasmic (or nonreceptor) tyr kinases (nRTKs) with
similarity to Src kinases in that they contain Src
homology protein interaction domains (SH3, SH2)
N-terminal to the catalytic tyr kinase domain. Unlike
Src kinases, most Tec subfamily members (except Rlk)
also contain an N-terminal pleckstrin homology (PH)
domain, which binds the products of PI3K and allows
membrane recruitment and activation. In addition, some
members contain the Tec homology (TH) domain, which
contains proline-rich and zinc-binding regions. Tec
kinases form the second largest subfamily of nRTKs and
are expressed mainly by haematopoietic cells, although
Tec and Bmx are also found in endothelial cells. B-cells
express Btk and Tec, while T-cells express Itk, Txk, and
Tec. Collectively, Tec kinases are expressed in a
variety of myeloid cells such as mast cells, platelets,
macrophages, and dendritic cells. Each Tec kinase shows
a distinct cell-type pattern of expression. The function
of Tec kinases in lymphoid cells have been studied
extensively. They play important roles in the
development, differentiation, maturation, regulation,
survival, and function of B-cells and T-cells. Mutations
in Btk cause the severe B-cell immunodeficiency,
X-linked agammaglobulinaemia (XLA).
Length = 256
Score = 59.8 bits (145), Expect = 4e-11
Identities = 19/49 (38%), Positives = 26/49 (53%)
Query: 120 GGMTNAEVLHQVEHGYRMPCPPGCPPRLYDIMLECWLKDPVKRPTFETL 168
+N+EV+ V GYR+ P P +Y IM CW + P RP F+ L
Sbjct: 203 ERFSNSEVVESVSAGYRLYRPKLAPTEVYTIMYSCWHEKPEDRPAFKKL 251
>gnl|CDD|133246 cd05115, PTKc_Zap-70, Catalytic domain of the Protein Tyrosine
Kinase, Zeta-chain-associated protein of 70kDa. Protein
Tyrosine Kinase (PTK) family; Zeta-chain-associated
protein of 70kDa (Zap-70); catalytic (c) domain. The
PTKc family is part of a larger superfamily that
includes the catalytic domains of other kinases such as
protein serine/threonine kinases, RIO kinases, and
phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). PTKs catalyze the
transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to
tyrosine (tyr) residues in protein substrates. Zap-70 is
a member of the Syk subfamily of kinases, which are
cytoplasmic (or nonreceptor) tyr kinases containing two
Src homology 2 (SH2) domains N-terminal to the catalytic
tyr kinase domain. Zap-70 is primarily expressed in
T-cells and NK cells, and is a crucial component in
T-cell receptor (TCR) signaling. Zap-70 binds the
phosphorylated ITAM (immunoreceptor tyr activation
motif) sequences of the activated TCR zeta-chain through
its SH2 domains, leading to its phosphorylation and
activation. It then phosphorylates target proteins,
which propagate the signals to downstream pathways.
Zap-70 is hardly detected in normal peripheral B-cells,
but is present in some B-cell malignancies. It is used
as a diagnostic marker for chronic lymphocytic leukemia
(CLL) as it is associated with the more aggressive
subtype of the disease.
Length = 257
Score = 59.2 bits (143), Expect = 6e-11
Identities = 18/55 (32%), Positives = 31/55 (56%)
Query: 122 MTNAEVLHQVEHGYRMPCPPGCPPRLYDIMLECWLKDPVKRPTFETLQWKLEDFF 176
M EV+ +E G R+ CP CPP +Y +M +CW+ RP F ++ ++ ++
Sbjct: 202 MKGPEVMSFIEQGKRLDCPAECPPEMYALMKDCWIYKWEDRPNFAKVEERMRTYY 256
>gnl|CDD|133181 cd05050, PTKc_Musk, Catalytic domain of the Protein Tyrosine
Kinase, Muscle-specific kinase. Protein Tyrosine Kinase
(PTK) family; Muscle-specific kinase (Musk); catalytic
(c) domain. The PTKc family is part of a larger
superfamily that includes the catalytic domains of other
kinases such as protein serine/threonine kinases, RIO
kinases, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). PTKs
catalyze the transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group from
ATP to tyrosine (tyr) residues in protein substrates.
Musk is a receptor tyr kinase (RTK) containing an
extracellular region with four immunoglobulin-like
domains and a cysteine-rich cluster, a transmembrane
segment, and an intracellular catalytic domain. Musk is
expressed and concentrated in the postsynaptic membrane
in skeletal muscle. It is essential for the
establishment of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ), a
peripheral synapse that conveys signals from motor
neurons to muscle cells. Agrin, a large proteoglycan
released from motor neurons, stimulates Musk
autophosphorylation and activation, leading to the
clustering of acetylcholine receptors (AChRs). To date,
there is no evidence to suggest that agrin binds
directly to Musk. Mutations in AChR, Musk and other
partners are responsible for diseases of the NMJ, such
as the autoimmune syndrome myasthenia gravis.
Length = 288
Score = 59.5 bits (144), Expect = 7e-11
Identities = 21/53 (39%), Positives = 31/53 (58%)
Query: 121 GMTNAEVLHQVEHGYRMPCPPGCPPRLYDIMLECWLKDPVKRPTFETLQWKLE 173
GM + EV++ V G + CP CP LY++M CW K P RP+F ++ L+
Sbjct: 235 GMAHEEVIYYVRDGNVLSCPDNCPLELYNLMRLCWSKLPSDRPSFASINRILQ 287
>gnl|CDD|133221 cd05090, PTKc_Ror1, Catalytic domain of the Protein Tyrosine
Kinase, Receptor tyrosine kinase-like Orphan Receptor 1.
Protein Tyrosine Kinase (PTK) family; Receptor tyrosine
kinase-like Orphan Receptor 1 (Ror1); catalytic (c)
domain. The PTKc family is part of a larger superfamily
that includes the catalytic domains of other kinases
such as protein serine/threonine kinases, RIO kinases,
and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). PTKs catalyze the
transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to
tyrosine (tyr) residues in protein substrates. Ror
proteins are orphan receptor tyr kinases (RTKs)
containing an extracellular region with
immunoglobulin-like, cysteine-rich, and kringle domains,
a transmembrane segment, and an intracellular catalytic
domain. Ror RTKs are unrelated to the nuclear receptor
subfamily called retinoid-related orphan receptors
(RORs). RTKs are usually activated through ligand
binding, which causes dimerization and
autophosphorylation of the intracellular tyr kinase
catalytic domain. Ror kinases are expressed in many
tissues during development. Avian Ror1 was found to be
involved in late limb development. Studies in mice
reveal that Ror1 is important in the regulation of
neurite growth in central neurons, as well as in
respiratory development. Loss of Ror1 also enhances the
heart and skeletal abnormalities found in Ror2-deficient
mice.
Length = 283
Score = 58.9 bits (142), Expect = 9e-11
Identities = 21/52 (40%), Positives = 31/52 (59%)
Query: 121 GMTNAEVLHQVEHGYRMPCPPGCPPRLYDIMLECWLKDPVKRPTFETLQWKL 172
G +N EV+ V +PC CPPR+Y +M ECW + P +RP F+ + +L
Sbjct: 229 GFSNQEVIEMVRKRQLLPCSEDCPPRMYSLMTECWQEGPSRRPRFKDIHTRL 280
>gnl|CDD|133175 cd05043, PTK_Ryk, Pseudokinase domain of Ryk (Receptor related to
tyrosine kinase). Protein Tyrosine Kinase (PTK) family;
Receptor related to tyrosine kinase (Ryk); pseudokinase
domain. The PTKc (catalytic domain) family to which this
subfamily belongs, is part of a larger superfamily that
includes the catalytic domains of other kinases such as
protein serine/threonine kinases, RIO kinases, and
phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). PTKs catalyze the
transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to
tyrosine (tyr) residues in protein substrates. Ryk is a
receptor tyr kinase (RTK) containing an extracellular
region with two leucine-rich motifs, a transmembrane
segment, and an intracellular inactive pseudokinase
domain. The extracellular region of Ryk shows homology
to the N-terminal domain of Wnt inhibitory factor-1
(WIF) and serves as the ligand (Wnt) binding domain of
Ryk. Ryk is expressed in many different tissues both
during development and in adults, suggesting a
widespread function. It acts as a chemorepulsive axon
guidance receptor of Wnt glycoproteins and is
responsible for the establishment of axon tracts during
the development of the central nervous system. In
addition, studies in mice reveal that Ryk is essential
in skeletal, craniofacial, and cardiac development.
Thus, it appears Ryk is involved in signal transduction
despite its lack of kinase activity. Ryk may function as
an accessory protein that modulates the signals coming
from catalytically active partner RTKs such as the Eph
receptors.
Length = 280
Score = 59.0 bits (143), Expect = 9e-11
Identities = 20/52 (38%), Positives = 28/52 (53%)
Query: 126 EVLHQVEHGYRMPCPPGCPPRLYDIMLECWLKDPVKRPTFETLQWKLEDFFT 177
E+ ++ GYR+ P CP L+ +M CW DP +RP+F L L DF
Sbjct: 227 EMAAYLKDGYRLAQPINCPDELFAVMACCWALDPEERPSFSQLVQCLTDFHA 278
>gnl|CDD|133212 cd05081, PTKc_Jak2_Jak3_rpt2, Catalytic (repeat 2) domain of the
Protein Tyrosine Kinases, Janus kinases 2 and 3.
Protein Tyrosine Kinase (PTK) family; Janus kinase 2
(Jak2) and Jak3; catalytic (c) domain (repeat 2). The
PTKc family is part of a larger superfamily that
includes the catalytic domains of other kinases such as
protein serine/threonine kinases, RIO kinases, and
phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). PTKs catalyze the
transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to
tyrosine (tyr) residues in protein substrates. Jak2 and
Jak3 are members of the Janus kinase (Jak) subfamily of
proteins, which are cytoplasmic (or nonreceptor) tyr
kinases containing an N-terminal FERM domain, followed
by a Src homology 2 (SH2) domain, a pseudokinase domain,
and a C-terminal catalytic tyr kinase domain. Jaks are
crucial for cytokine receptor signaling. They are
activated by autophosphorylation upon cytokine-induced
receptor aggregation, and subsequently trigger
downstream signaling events such as the phosphorylation
of signal transducers and activators of transcription
(STATs). Jak2 is widely expressed in many tissues while
Jak3 is expressed only in hematopoietic cells. Jak2 is
essential for the signaling of hormone-like cytokines
such as growth hormone, erythropoietin, thrombopoietin,
and prolactin, as well as some IFNs and cytokines that
signal through the IL-3 and gp130 receptors. Jak3 binds
the shared receptor subunit common gamma chain and thus,
is essential in the signaling of cytokines that use it
such as IL-2, IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, IL-15, and IL-21.
Disruption of Jak2 in mice results in an embryonic
lethal phenotype with multiple defects including
erythropoietic and cardiac abnormalities. It is the only
Jak gene that results in a lethal phenotype when
disrupted in mice. A mutation in the pseudokinase domain
of Jak2, V617F, is present in many myeloproliferative
diseases, including almost all patients with
polycythemia vera, and 50% of patients with essential
thrombocytosis and myelofibrosis. Jak3 is important in
lymphoid development and myeloid cell differentiation.
Inactivating mutations in Jak3 have been reported in
humans with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID).
Length = 284
Score = 59.0 bits (143), Expect = 1e-10
Identities = 23/52 (44%), Positives = 31/52 (59%), Gaps = 3/52 (5%)
Query: 127 VLHQVE---HGYRMPCPPGCPPRLYDIMLECWLKDPVKRPTFETLQWKLEDF 175
V H +E + R+P PPGCP +Y IM ECW DP +RP+F L ++E
Sbjct: 232 VYHLIELLKNNGRLPAPPGCPAEIYAIMKECWNNDPSQRPSFSELALQVEAI 283
>gnl|CDD|133194 cd05063, PTKc_EphR_A2, Catalytic domain of the Protein Tyrosine
Kinase, Ephrin Receptor A2. Protein Tyrosine Kinase
(PTK) family; Ephrin Receptor (EphR) subfamily; EphA2
receptor; catalytic (c) domain. The PTKc family is part
of a larger superfamily that includes the catalytic
domains of other kinases such as protein
serine/threonine kinases, RIO kinases, and
phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). PTKs catalyze the
transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to
tyrosine (tyr) residues in protein substrates. EphRs
comprise the largest subfamily of receptor tyr kinases
(RTKs). In general, class EphA receptors bind
GPI-anchored ephrin-A ligands. There are ten vertebrate
EphA receptors (EphA1-10), which display promiscuous
interactions with six ephrin-A ligands. EphRs contain an
ephrin binding domain and two fibronectin repeats
extracellularly, a transmembrane segment, and a
cytoplasmic tyr kinase domain. Binding of the ephrin
ligand to EphR requires cell-cell contact since both are
anchored to the plasma membrane. The resulting
downstream signals occur bidirectionally in both
EphR-expressing cells (forward signaling) and
ephrin-expressing cells (reverse signaling). Ephrin/EphR
interaction mainly results in cell-cell repulsion or
adhesion, making it important in neural development and
plasticity, cell morphogenesis, cell-fate determination,
embryonic development, tissue patterning, and
angiogenesis. The EphA2 receptor is overexpressed in
tumor cells and tumor blood vessels in a variety of
cancers including breast, prostate, lung, and colon. As
a result, it is an attractive target for drug design
since its inhibition could affect several aspects of
tumor progression.
Length = 268
Score = 58.4 bits (141), Expect = 1e-10
Identities = 19/44 (43%), Positives = 29/44 (65%)
Query: 122 MTNAEVLHQVEHGYRMPCPPGCPPRLYDIMLECWLKDPVKRPTF 165
M+N EV+ + G+R+P P CP +Y +ML+CW +D +RP F
Sbjct: 214 MSNHEVMKAINDGFRLPAPMDCPSAVYQLMLQCWQQDRARRPRF 257
>gnl|CDD|173632 cd05051, PTKc_DDR, Catalytic domain of the Protein Tyrosine
Kinases, Discoidin Domain Receptors. Protein Tyrosine
Kinase (PTK) family; Discoidin Domain Receptor (DDR)
subfamily; catalytic (c) domain. The DDR subfamily
consists of homologs of mammalian DDR1, DDR2, and
similar proteins. The PTKc family is part of a larger
superfamily that includes the catalytic domains of other
kinases such as protein serine/threonine kinases, RIO
kinases, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). PTKs
catalyze the transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group from
ATP to tyrosine (tyr) residues in protein substrates.
DDR subfamily members are receptor tyr kinases (RTKs)
containing an extracellular discoidin homology domain, a
transmembrane segment, an extended juxtamembrane region,
and an intracellular catalytic domain. The binding of
the ligand, collagen, to DDRs results in a slow but
sustained receptor activation. DDRs regulate cell
adhesion, proliferation, and extracellular matrix
remodeling. They have been linked to a variety of human
cancers including breast, colon, ovarian, brain, and
lung. There is no evidence showing that DDRs act as
transforming oncogenes. They are more likely to play a
role in the regulation of tumor growth and metastasis.
Length = 296
Score = 58.5 bits (142), Expect = 1e-10
Identities = 20/54 (37%), Positives = 31/54 (57%), Gaps = 7/54 (12%)
Query: 122 MTNAEVLHQVEHGYR-------MPCPPGCPPRLYDIMLECWLKDPVKRPTFETL 168
+T+ +V+ H +R +P PP CP +Y++MLECW +D RPTF +
Sbjct: 237 LTDQQVIENAGHFFRDDGRQIYLPRPPNCPKDIYELMLECWRRDEEDRPTFREI 290
>gnl|CDD|133172 cd05040, PTKc_Ack_like, Catalytic domain of the Protein Tyrosine
Kinase, Activated Cdc42-associated kinase. Protein
Tyrosine Kinase (PTK) family; Activated Cdc42-associated
kinase (Ack) subfamily; catalytic (c) domain. Ack
subfamily members include Ack1, thirty-eight-negative
kinase 1 (Tnk1), and similar proteins. The PTKc family
is part of a larger superfamily that includes the
catalytic domains of other kinases such as protein
serine/threonine kinases, RIO kinases, and
phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). PTKs catalyze the
transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to
tyrosine (tyr) residues in protein substrates. Ack
subfamily members are cytoplasmic (or nonreceptor) tyr
kinases containing an N-terminal catalytic domain, an
SH3 domain, a Cdc42-binding CRIB domain, and a
proline-rich region. They are mainly expressed in brain
and skeletal tissues and are involved in the regulation
of cell adhesion and growth, receptor degradation, and
axonal guidance. Ack1 is also associated with
androgen-independent prostate cancer progression. Tnk1
regulates TNFalpha signaling and may play an important
role in cell death.
Length = 257
Score = 57.8 bits (140), Expect = 2e-10
Identities = 19/53 (35%), Positives = 34/53 (64%), Gaps = 1/53 (1%)
Query: 121 GMTNAEVLHQVE-HGYRMPCPPGCPPRLYDIMLECWLKDPVKRPTFETLQWKL 172
G++ +++L +++ G R+ P CP +Y++ML+CW +P RPTF L+ L
Sbjct: 203 GLSGSQILKKIDKEGERLERPEACPQDIYNVMLQCWAHNPADRPTFAALREFL 255
>gnl|CDD|198173 cd00173, SH2, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain. In general, SH2
domains are involved in signal transduction; they bind
pTyr-containing polypeptide ligands via two surface
pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic binding pocket,
allowing proteins with SH2 domains to localize to
tyrosine phosphorylated sites. They are present in a
wide array of proteins including: adaptor proteins
(Nck1, Crk, Grb2), scaffolds (Slp76, Shc, Dapp1),
kinases (Src, Syk, Fps, Tec), phosphatases (Shp-1,
Shp-2), transcription factors (STAT1), Ras signaling
molecules (Ras-Gap), ubiquitination factors (c-Cbl),
cytoskeleton regulators (Tensin), signal regulators
(SAP), and phospholipid second messengers (PLCgamma),
amongst others.
Length = 79
Score = 54.0 bits (130), Expect = 3e-10
Identities = 31/90 (34%), Positives = 39/90 (43%), Gaps = 25/90 (27%)
Query: 1 WYFGKIKRIEAEKKLLLPENDHGAFLIRDSESRKNDYSLS-------------EYKRSSF 47
W+ G I R EAE+ LL G FL+R+S S DY LS E +
Sbjct: 2 WFHGSISREEAER--LLRGKPDGTFLVRESSSEPGDYVLSVRSGDGKVKHYLIERNEGGY 59
Query: 48 CLKMTTGRSLFETQKAGRTTIHYPELVEHY 77
L +GR+ F + PELVEHY
Sbjct: 60 YLLGGSGRT-FPS---------LPELVEHY 79
>gnl|CDD|198189 cd09935, SH2_ABL, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in Abelson
murine lymphosarcoma virus (ABL) proteins. ABL-family
proteins are highly conserved tyrosine kinases. Each
ABL protein contains an SH3-SH2-TK (Src homology 3-Src
homology 2-tyrosine kinase) domain cassette, which
confers autoregulated kinase activity and is common
among nonreceptor tyrosine kinases. Several types of
posttranslational modifications control ABL catalytic
activity, subcellular localization, and stability, with
consequences for both cytoplasmic and nuclear ABL
functions. Binding partners provide additional
regulation of ABL catalytic activity, substrate
specificity, and downstream signaling. By combining
this cassette with actin-binding and -bundling domain,
ABL proteins are capable of connecting
phosphoregulation with actin-filament reorganization.
Vertebrate paralogs, ABL1 and ABL2, have evolved to
perform specialized functions. ABL1 includes nuclear
localization signals and a DNA binding domain which is
used to mediate DNA damage-repair functions, while ABL2
has additional binding capacity for actin and for
microtubules to enhance its cytoskeletal remodeling
functions. SH2 is involved in several autoinhibitory
mechanism that constrain the enzymatic activity of the
ABL-family kinases. In one mechanism SH2 and SH3 cradle
the kinase domain while a cap sequence stabilizes the
inactive conformation resulting in a locked inactive
state. Another involves phosphatidylinositol
4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) which binds the SH2 domain
through residues normally required for phosphotyrosine
binding in the linker segment between the SH2 and
kinase domains. The SH2 domain contributes to ABL
catalytic activity and target site specificity. It is
thought that the ABL catalytic site and SH2 pocket have
coevolved to recognize the same sequences. Recent work
now supports a hierarchical processivity model in which
the substrate target site most compatible with ABL
kinase domain preferences is phosphorylated with
greatest efficiency. If this site is compatible with
the ABL SH2 domain specificity, it will then reposition
and dock in the SH2 pocket. This mechanism also
explains how ABL kinases phosphorylates poor targets on
the same substrate if they are properly positioned and
how relatively poor substrate proteins might be
recruited to ABL through a complex with strong
substrates that can also dock with the SH2 pocket. In
general SH2 domains are involved in signal
transduction. They typically bind pTyr-containing
ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic
binding pocket, allowing proteins with SH2 domains to
localize to tyrosine phosphorylated sites.
Length = 94
Score = 53.9 bits (130), Expect = 4e-10
Identities = 36/94 (38%), Positives = 51/94 (54%), Gaps = 7/94 (7%)
Query: 1 WYFGKIKRIEAEKKLLLPENDHGAFLIRDSESRKNDYSLS-EYKRSSFCLKMTTGRS--L 57
WY G I R AE LL +G+FL+R+SES YS+S Y + +++ +
Sbjct: 5 WYHGPISRNAAE--YLLSSGINGSFLVRESESSPGQYSISLRYDGRVYHYRISEDSDGKV 62
Query: 58 FETQKAGRTTIHYPELVEHYSKDADGLCVNLRKP 91
+ TQ+ T+ ELV H+SK+ADGL LR P
Sbjct: 63 YVTQEHRFNTL--AELVHHHSKNADGLITTLRYP 94
>gnl|CDD|133167 cd05035, PTKc_Axl_like, Catalytic Domain of Axl-like Protein
Tyrosine Kinases. Protein Tyrosine Kinase (PTK) family;
Axl subfamily; catalytic (c) domain. The PTKc family is
part of a larger superfamily that includes the catalytic
domains of other kinases such as protein
serine/threonine kinases, RIO kinases, and
phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). The Axl subfamily
consists of Axl, Tyro3 (or Sky), Mer (or Mertk), and
similar proteins. PTKs catalyze the transfer of the
gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to tyrosine (tyr)
residues in protein substrates. Axl subfamily members
are receptor tyr kinases (RTKs) containing an
extracellular ligand-binding region with two
immunoglobulin-like domains followed by two fibronectin
type III repeats, a transmembrane segment, and an
intracellular catalytic domain. Binding to their
ligands, Gas6 and protein S, leads to receptor
dimerization, autophosphorylation, activation, and
intracellular signaling. Axl subfamily members are
implicated in a variety of cellular effects including
survival, proliferation, migration, and phagocytosis.
They are also associated with several types of cancer as
well as inflammatory, autoimmune, vascular, and kidney
diseases. Mer is named after its original reported
expression pattern (monocytes, epithelial, and
reproductive tissues). It is required for the ingestion
of apoptotic cells by phagocytes such as macrophages,
retinal pigment epithelial cells, and dendritic cells.
Mer is also important in maintaining immune homeostasis.
Length = 273
Score = 57.1 bits (138), Expect = 4e-10
Identities = 23/54 (42%), Positives = 30/54 (55%)
Query: 121 GMTNAEVLHQVEHGYRMPCPPGCPPRLYDIMLECWLKDPVKRPTFETLQWKLED 174
G+ N E+ + HG R+ P C LYD+M CW DP RPTF L+ LE+
Sbjct: 218 GVENHEIYDYLRHGNRLKQPEDCLDELYDLMYSCWRADPKDRPTFTKLREVLEN 271
>gnl|CDD|133179 cd05048, PTKc_Ror, Catalytic Domain of the Protein Tyrosine
Kinases, Receptor tyrosine kinase-like Orphan Receptors.
Protein Tyrosine Kinase (PTK) family; Receptor tyrosine
kinase-like Orphan Receptor (Ror) subfamily; catalytic
(c) domain. The Ror subfamily consists of Ror1, Ror2,
and similar proteins. The PTKc family is part of a
larger superfamily that includes the catalytic domains
of other kinases such as protein serine/threonine
kinases, RIO kinases, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase
(PI3K). PTKs catalyze the transfer of the
gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to tyrosine (tyr)
residues in protein substrates. Ror proteins are orphan
receptor tyr kinases (RTKs) containing an extracellular
region with immunoglobulin-like, cysteine-rich, and
kringle domains, a transmembrane segment, and an
intracellular catalytic domain. Ror RTKs are unrelated
to the nuclear receptor subfamily called
retinoid-related orphan receptors (RORs). RTKs are
usually activated through ligand binding, which causes
dimerization and autophosphorylation of the
intracellular tyr kinase catalytic domain. Ror kinases
are expressed in many tissues during development. They
play important roles in bone and heart formation.
Mutations in human Ror2 result in two different bone
development genetic disorders, recessive Robinow
syndrome and brachydactyly type B. Drosophila Ror is
expressed only in the developing nervous system during
neurite outgrowth and neuronal differentiation,
suggesting a role for Drosophila Ror in neural
development. More recently, mouse Ror1 and Ror2 have
also been found to play an important role in regulating
neurite growth in central neurons. Ror1 and Ror2 are
believed to have some overlapping and redundant
functions.
Length = 283
Score = 57.1 bits (138), Expect = 5e-10
Identities = 20/52 (38%), Positives = 32/52 (61%)
Query: 121 GMTNAEVLHQVEHGYRMPCPPGCPPRLYDIMLECWLKDPVKRPTFETLQWKL 172
G +N EV+ + +PCP CP R+Y +M+ECW + P +RP F+ + +L
Sbjct: 229 GFSNQEVIEMIRSRQLLPCPEDCPARVYALMIECWNEIPARRPRFKDIHTRL 280
>gnl|CDD|173628 cd05038, PTKc_Jak_rpt2, Catalytic (repeat 2) domain of the Protein
Tyrosine Kinases, Janus kinases. Protein Tyrosine
Kinase (PTK) family; Janus kinase (Jak) subfamily;
catalytic (c) domain (repeat 2). The Jak subfamily is
composed of Jak1, Jak2, Jak3, TYK2, and similar
proteins. The PTKc family is part of a larger
superfamily that includes the catalytic domains of other
kinases such as protein serine/threonine kinases, RIO
kinases, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). PTKs
catalyze the transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group from
ATP to tyrosine (tyr) residues in protein substrates.
Jak subfamily proteins are cytoplasmic (or nonreceptor)
tyr kinases containing an N-terminal FERM domain,
followed by a Src homology 2 (SH2) domain, a
pseudokinase domain, and a C-terminal tyr kinase
catalytic domain. Most Jaks are expressed in a wide
variety of tissues, except for Jak3, which is expressed
only in hematopoietic cells. Jaks are crucial for
cytokine receptor signaling. They are activated by
autophosphorylation upon cytokine-induced receptor
aggregation, and subsequently trigger downstream
signaling events such as the phosphorylation of signal
transducers and activators of transcription (STATs).
Jaks are also involved in regulating the surface
expression of some cytokine receptors. The Jak-STAT
pathway is involved in many biological processes
including hematopoiesis, immunoregulation, host defense,
fertility, lactation, growth, and embryogenesis.
Length = 284
Score = 57.0 bits (138), Expect = 5e-10
Identities = 20/54 (37%), Positives = 30/54 (55%)
Query: 120 GGMTNAEVLHQVEHGYRMPCPPGCPPRLYDIMLECWLKDPVKRPTFETLQWKLE 173
G M +L ++ G R+P PP CP +YD+M CW +P RP+F L ++
Sbjct: 228 GQMIVTRLLELLKEGERLPRPPSCPDEVYDLMKLCWEAEPQDRPSFADLILIVD 281
>gnl|CDD|133168 cd05036, PTKc_ALK_LTK, Catalytic domain of the Protein Tyrosine
Kinases, Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase and Leukocyte
Tyrosine Kinase. Protein Tyrosine Kinase (PTK) family;
Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK) and Leukocyte Tyrosine
(tyr) Kinase (LTK); catalytic (c) domain. The PTKc
family is part of a larger superfamily that includes the
catalytic domains of other kinases such as protein
serine/threonine kinases, RIO kinases, and
phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). PTKs catalyze the
transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to tyr
residues in protein substrates. ALK and LTK are orphan
receptor tyr kinases (RTKs) whose ligands are not yet
well-defined. RTKs contain an extracellular
ligand-binding domain, a transmembrane region, and an
intracellular tyr kinase domain. They are usually
activated through ligand binding, which causes
dimerization and autophosphorylation of the
intracellular tyr kinase catalytic domain. ALK appears
to play an important role in mammalian neural
development as well as visceral muscle differentiation
in Drosophila. ALK is aberrantly expressed as fusion
proteins, due to chromosomal translocations, in about
60% of anaplastic large cell lymphomas (ALCLs). ALK
fusion proteins are also found in rare cases of diffuse
large B cell lymphomas (DLBCLs). LTK is mainly expressed
in B lymphocytes and neuronal tissues. It is important
in cell proliferation and survival. Transgenic mice
expressing TLK display retarded growth and high
mortality rate. In addition, a polymorphism in mouse and
human LTK is implicated in the pathogenesis of systemic
lupus erythematosus.
Length = 277
Score = 55.9 bits (135), Expect = 9e-10
Identities = 22/54 (40%), Positives = 30/54 (55%)
Query: 121 GMTNAEVLHQVEHGYRMPCPPGCPPRLYDIMLECWLKDPVKRPTFETLQWKLED 174
G TN EV+ V G R+ P GCP +Y IM +CW P RP F T+ +++
Sbjct: 224 GRTNQEVMEFVTGGGRLDPPKGCPGPVYRIMTDCWQHTPEDRPNFATILERIQY 277
>gnl|CDD|198198 cd09945, SH2_SHB_SHD_SHE_SHF_like, Src homology 2 domain found in
SH2 domain-containing adapter proteins B, D, E, and F
(SHB, SHD, SHE, SHF). SHB, SHD, SHE, and SHF are SH2
domain-containing proteins that play various roles
throughout the cell. SHB functions in generating
signaling compounds in response to tyrosine kinase
activation. SHB contains proline-rich motifs, a
phosphotyrosine binding (PTB) domain, tyrosine
phosphorylation sites, and a SH2 domain. SHB mediates
certain aspects of platelet-derived growth factor
(PDGF) receptor-, fibroblast growth factor (FGF)
receptor-, neural growth factor (NGF) receptor TRKA-, T
cell receptor-, interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptor- and
focal adhesion kinase- (FAK) signaling. SRC-like
FYN-Related Kinase FRK/RAK (also named BSK/IYK or GTK)
and SHB regulate apoptosis, proliferation and
differentiation. SHB promotes apoptosis and is also
required for proper mitogenicity, spreading and tubular
morphogenesis in endothelial cells. SHB also plays a
role in preventing early cavitation of embryoid bodies
and reduces differentiation to cells expressing
albumin, amylase, insulin and glucagon. SHB is a
multifunctional protein that has difference responses
in different cells under various conditions. SHE is
expressed in heart, lung, brain, and skeletal muscle,
while expression of SHD is restricted to the brain. SHF
is mainly expressed in skeletal muscle, brain, liver,
prostate, testis, ovary, small intestine, and colon.
SHD may be a physiological substrate of c-Abl and may
function as an adapter protein in the central nervous
system. It is also thought to be involved in apoptotic
regulation. SHD contains five YXXP motifs, a substrate
sequence preferred by Abl tyrosine kinases, in addition
to a poly-proline rich region and a C-terminal SH2
domain. SHE contains two pTry protein binding domains,
protein interaction domain (PID) and a SH2 domain,
followed by a glycine-proline rich region, all of which
are N-terminal to the phosphotyrosine binding (PTB)
domain. SHF contains four putative tyrosine
phosphorylation sites and an SH2 domain. In general SH2
domains are involved in signal transduction. They
typically bind pTyr-containing ligands via two surface
pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic binding pocket,
allowing proteins with SH2 domains to localize to
tyrosine phosphorylated sites.
Length = 98
Score = 53.2 bits (128), Expect = 9e-10
Identities = 31/82 (37%), Positives = 43/82 (52%), Gaps = 8/82 (9%)
Query: 1 WYFGKIKRIEAEKKL-LLPENDHGAFLIRDSESRKNDYSLSEYKRSSFCLKMTTGRSLFE 59
WY G I RIEAE L E G++L+R+SES K DYSLS K + + M R+
Sbjct: 3 WYHGAITRIEAESLLRPCKE---GSYLVRNSESTKQDYSLS-LKSAKGFMHMRIQRNETG 58
Query: 60 TQKAGRTTIHY---PELVEHYS 78
G+ + + PE++ HY
Sbjct: 59 QYILGQFSRPFETIPEMIRHYC 80
>gnl|CDD|173645 cd05084, PTKc_Fes, Catalytic domain of the Protein Tyrosine Kinase,
Fes. Protein Tyrosine Kinase (PTK) family; Fes (or Fps)
kinase subfamily; catalytic (c) domain. The PTKc family
is part of a larger superfamily that includes the
catalytic domains of other kinases such as protein
serine/threonine kinases, RIO kinases, and
phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). PTKs catalyze the
transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to
tyrosine (tyr) residues in protein substrates. Fes
subfamily proteins are cytoplasmic (or nonreceptor) tyr
kinases containing an N-terminal region with FCH
(Fes/Fer/CIP4 homology) and coiled-coil domains,
followed by a SH2 domain, and a C-terminal catalytic
domain. The genes for Fes (feline sarcoma) and Fps
(Fujinami poultry sarcoma) were first isolated from
tumor-causing retroviruses. The viral oncogenes encode
chimeric Fes proteins consisting of Gag sequences at the
N-termini, resulting in unregulated tyr kinase activity.
Fes kinase is expressed in myeloid, vascular
endothelial, epithelial, and neuronal cells. It plays
important roles in cell growth and differentiation,
angiogenesis, inflammation and immunity, and
cytoskeletal regulation. A recent study implicates Fes
kinase as a tumor suppressor in colorectal cancer.
Length = 252
Score = 55.4 bits (133), Expect = 1e-09
Identities = 20/51 (39%), Positives = 31/51 (60%)
Query: 122 MTNAEVLHQVEHGYRMPCPPGCPPRLYDIMLECWLKDPVKRPTFETLQWKL 172
++N + +E G R+PCP CP +Y +M CW DP +RP+F T+ +L
Sbjct: 200 LSNQQTREAIEQGVRLPCPELCPDAVYRLMERCWEYDPGQRPSFSTVHQEL 250
>gnl|CDD|199828 cd09941, SH2_Grb2_like, Src homology 2 domain found in Growth
factor receptor-bound protein 2 (Grb2) and similar
proteins. The adaptor proteins here include homologs
Grb2 in humans, Sex muscle abnormal protein 5 (Sem-5)
in Caenorhabditis elegans, and Downstream of receptor
kinase (drk) in Drosophila melanogaster. They are
composed of one SH2 and two SH3 domains. Grb2/Sem-5/drk
regulates the Ras pathway by linking the tyrosine
kinases to the Ras guanine nucleotide releasing protein
Sos, which converts Ras to the active GTP-bound state.
The SH2 domain of Grb2/Sem-5/drk binds class II
phosphotyrosyl peptides while its SH3 domain binds to
Sos and Sos-derived, proline-rich peptides. Besides it
function in Ras signaling, Grb2 is also thought to play
a role in apoptosis. Unlike most SH2 structures in
which the peptide binds in an extended conformation
(such that the +3 peptide residue occupies a
hydrophobic pocket in the protein, conferring a modest
degree of selectivity), Grb2 forms several hydrogen
bonds via main chain atoms with the side chain of +2
Asn. In general SH2 domains are involved in signal
transduction. They typically bind pTyr-containing
ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic
binding pocket, allowing proteins with SH2 domains to
localize to tyrosine phosphorylated sites.
Length = 95
Score = 52.3 bits (126), Expect = 2e-09
Identities = 22/40 (55%), Positives = 29/40 (72%), Gaps = 1/40 (2%)
Query: 1 WYFGKIKRIEAEKKLLLPENDHGAFLIRDSESRKNDYSLS 40
W+ GKI R EAE+ +L+ + GAFLIR+SES D+SLS
Sbjct: 5 WFHGKISRAEAEE-ILMNQRPDGAFLIRESESSPGDFSLS 43
>gnl|CDD|133205 cd05074, PTKc_Tyro3, Catalytic domain of the Protein Tyrosine
Kinase, Tyro3. Protein Tyrosine Kinase (PTK) family;
Tyro3; catalytic (c) domain. The PTKc family is part of
a larger superfamily that includes the catalytic domains
of other kinases such as protein serine/threonine
kinases, RIO kinases, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase
(PI3K). PTKs catalyze the transfer of the
gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to tyrosine (tyr)
residues in protein substrates. Tyro3 (or Sky) is a
member of the Axl subfamily, which is composed of
receptor tyr kinases (RTKs) containing an extracellular
ligand-binding region with two immunoglobulin-like
domains followed by two fibronectin type III repeats, a
transmembrane segment, and an intracellular catalytic
domain. Binding to their ligands, Gas6 and protein S,
leads to receptor dimerization, autophosphorylation,
activation, and intracellular signaling. Tyro3 is
predominantly expressed in the central nervous system
and the brain, and functions as a neurotrophic factor.
It is also expressed in osteoclasts and has a role in
bone resorption.
Length = 273
Score = 54.9 bits (132), Expect = 2e-09
Identities = 19/53 (35%), Positives = 34/53 (64%)
Query: 121 GMTNAEVLHQVEHGYRMPCPPGCPPRLYDIMLECWLKDPVKRPTFETLQWKLE 173
G+ N+E+ + + G R+ PP C +Y++M +CW +P RP+F+ L+ +LE
Sbjct: 218 GVENSEIYNYLIKGNRLKQPPDCLEDVYELMCQCWSPEPKCRPSFQHLRDQLE 270
>gnl|CDD|173644 cd05079, PTKc_Jak1_rpt2, Catalytic (repeat 2) domain of the Protein
Tyrosine Kinase, Janus kinase 1. Protein Tyrosine
Kinase (PTK) family; Janus kinase 1 (Jak1); catalytic
(c) domain (repeat 2). The PTKc family is part of a
larger superfamily that includes the catalytic domains
of other kinases such as protein serine/threonine
kinases, RIO kinases, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase
(PI3K). PTKs catalyze the transfer of the
gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to tyrosine (tyr)
residues in protein substrates. Jak1 is a member of the
Janus kinase (Jak) subfamily of proteins, which are
cytoplasmic (or nonreceptor) tyr kinases containing an
N-terminal FERM domain, followed by a Src homology 2
(SH2) domain, a pseudokinase domain, and a C-terminal
tyr kinase domain. Jaks are crucial for cytokine
receptor signaling. They are activated by
autophosphorylation upon cytokine-induced receptor
aggregation, and subsequently trigger downstream
signaling events such as the phosphorylation of signal
transducers and activators of transcription (STATs).
Jak1 is widely expressed in many tissues. Many cytokines
are dependent on Jak1 for signaling, including those
that use the shared receptor subunits common gamma chain
(IL-2, IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, IL-15, IL-21) and gp130 (IL-6,
IL-11, oncostatin M, G-CSF, and IFNs, among others). The
many varied interactions of Jak1 and its ubiquitous
expression suggest many biological roles. Jak1 is
important in neurological development, as well as in
lymphoid development and function. It also plays a role
in the pathophysiology of cardiac hypertrophy and heart
failure. A mutation in the ATP-binding site of Jak1 was
identified in a human uterine leiomyosarcoma cell line,
resulting in defective cytokine induction and antigen
presentation, thus allowing the tumor to evade the
immune system.
Length = 284
Score = 54.9 bits (132), Expect = 2e-09
Identities = 21/49 (42%), Positives = 29/49 (59%)
Query: 120 GGMTNAEVLHQVEHGYRMPCPPGCPPRLYDIMLECWLKDPVKRPTFETL 168
G MT ++ +E G R+P PP CP +Y +M +CW P KR TF+ L
Sbjct: 228 GQMTVTRLVRVLEEGKRLPRPPNCPEEVYQLMRKCWEFQPSKRTTFQNL 276
>gnl|CDD|173625 cd05032, PTKc_InsR_like, Catalytic domain of Insulin Receptor-like
Protein Tyrosine Kinases. Protein Tyrosine Kinase (PTK)
family; Insulin Receptor (InsR) subfamily; catalytic (c)
domain. The PTKc family is part of a larger superfamily
that includes the catalytic domains of other kinases
such as protein serine/threonine kinases, RIO kinases,
and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). The InsR subfamily
is composed of InsR, Insulin-like Growth Factor-1
Receptor (IGF-1R), and similar proteins. PTKs catalyze
the transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to
tyrosine (tyr) residues in protein substrates. InsR and
IGF-1R are receptor tyr kinases (RTKs) composed of two
alphabeta heterodimers. Binding of the ligand (insulin,
IGF-1, or IGF-2) to the extracellular alpha subunit
activates the intracellular tyr kinase domain of the
transmembrane beta subunit. Receptor activation leads to
autophosphorylation, stimulating downstream kinase
activities, which initiate signaling cascades and
biological function. InsR and IGF-1R, which share 84%
sequence identity in their kinase domains, display
physiologically distinct yet overlapping functions in
cell growth, differentiation, and metabolism. InsR
activation leads primarily to metabolic effects while
IGF-1R activation stimulates mitogenic pathways. In
cells expressing both receptors, InsR/IGF-1R hybrids are
found together with classical receptors. Both receptors
can interact with common adaptor molecules such as IRS-1
and IRS-2.
Length = 277
Score = 54.7 bits (132), Expect = 3e-09
Identities = 21/54 (38%), Positives = 30/54 (55%)
Query: 121 GMTNAEVLHQVEHGYRMPCPPGCPPRLYDIMLECWLKDPVKRPTFETLQWKLED 174
G++N EVL V G + P CP +L ++M CW +P RPTF + L+D
Sbjct: 224 GLSNEEVLKFVIDGGHLDLPENCPDKLLELMRMCWQYNPKMRPTFLEIVSSLKD 277
>gnl|CDD|198196 cd09943, SH2_Nck_family, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in the
Nck family. Nck proteins are adaptors that modulate
actin cytoskeleton dynamics by linking proline-rich
effector molecules to tyrosine kinases or
phosphorylated signaling intermediates. There are two
members known in this family: Nck1 (Nckalpha) and Nck2
(Nckbeta and Growth factor receptor-bound protein 4
(Grb4)). They are characterized by having 3 SH3
domains and a C-terminal SH2 domain. Nck1 and Nck2 have
overlapping functions as determined by gene knockouts.
Both bind receptor tyrosine kinases and other
tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins through their SH2
domains. In addition they also bind distinct targets.
Neuronal signaling proteins: EphrinB1, EphrinB2, and
Disabled-1 (Dab-1) all bind to Nck-2 exclusively. And
in the case of PDGFR, Tyr(P)751 binds to Nck1 while
Tyr(P)1009 binds to Nck2. Nck1 and Nck2 have a role in
the infection process of enteropathogenic Escherichia
coli (EPEC). Their SH3 domains are involved in
recruiting and activating the N-WASP/Arp2/3 complex
inducing actin polymerization resulting in the
production of pedestals, dynamic bacteria-presenting
protrusions of the plasma membrane. A similar thing
occurs in the vaccinia virus where motile plasma
membrane projections are formed beneath the virus.
Recently it has been shown that the SH2 domains of both
Nck1 and Nck2 bind the G-protein coupled receptor
kinase-interacting protein 1 (GIT1) in a
phosphorylation-dependent manner. In general SH2
domains are involved in signal transduction. They
typically bind pTyr-containing ligands via two surface
pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic binding pocket,
allowing proteins with SH2 domains to localize to
tyrosine phosphorylated sites.
Length = 93
Score = 51.0 bits (122), Expect = 5e-09
Identities = 35/86 (40%), Positives = 41/86 (47%), Gaps = 16/86 (18%)
Query: 1 WYFGKIKRIEAEKKLLLPENDHGAFLIRDSESRKNDYSLSEYKRSSFCLKMTTGRSLFET 60
WY+G+I R +AE LL G FLIRDSES DYS+S LK F+
Sbjct: 3 WYYGRITRHQAET-LLNEHGHEGDFLIRDSESNPGDYSVS--------LKAPGRNKHFKV 53
Query: 61 Q------KAGRTTIH-YPELVEHYSK 79
Q G+ H ELVEHY K
Sbjct: 54 QVVDNVYCIGQRKFHTMDELVEHYKK 79
>gnl|CDD|133235 cd05104, PTKc_Kit, Catalytic domain of the Protein Tyrosine Kinase,
Kit. Protein Tyrosine Kinase (PTK) family; Kit (or
c-Kit); catalytic (c) domain. The PTKc family is part of
a larger superfamily that includes the catalytic domains
of other kinases such as protein serine/threonine
kinases, RIO kinases, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase
(PI3K). PTKs catalyze the transfer of the
gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to tyrosine (tyr)
residues in protein substrates. Kit is a member of the
Platelet Derived Growth Factor Receptor (PDGFR)
subfamily of proteins, which are receptor tyr kinases
(RTKs) containing an extracellular ligand-binding region
with five immunoglobulin-like domains, a transmembrane
segment, and an intracellular catalytic domain. The
binding of Kit to its ligand, the stem-cell factor
(SCF), leads to receptor dimerization, trans
phosphorylation and activation, and intracellular
signaling. Kit is important in the development of
melanocytes, germ cells, mast cells, hematopoietic stem
cells, the interstitial cells of Cajal, and the
pacemaker cells of the GI tract. Kit signaling is
involved in major cellular functions including cell
survival, proliferation, differentiation, adhesion, and
chemotaxis. Mutations in Kit, which result in
constitutive ligand-independent activation, are found in
human cancers such as gastrointestinal stromal tumor
(GIST) and testicular germ cell tumor (TGCT). The
aberrant expression of Kit and/or SCF is associated with
other tumor types such as systemic mastocytosis and
cancers of the breast, neurons, lung, prostate, colon,
and rectum. Although the structure of the human Kit
catalytic domain is known, it is excluded from this
specific alignment model because it contains a deletion
in its sequence.
Length = 375
Score = 54.1 bits (130), Expect = 6e-09
Identities = 20/43 (46%), Positives = 27/43 (62%)
Query: 131 VEHGYRMPCPPGCPPRLYDIMLECWLKDPVKRPTFETLQWKLE 173
++ GYRM P P +YDIM CW DP+KRPTF+ + +E
Sbjct: 330 IKEGYRMLSPECAPSEMYDIMKSCWDADPLKRPTFKQIVQLIE 372
>gnl|CDD|133180 cd05049, PTKc_Trk, Catalytic domain of the Protein Tyrosine
Kinases, Tropomyosin Related Kinases. Protein Tyrosine
Kinase (PTK) family; Tropomyosin Related Kinase (Trk)
subfamily; catalytic (c) domain. The Trk subfamily
consists of TrkA, TrkB, TrkC, and similar proteins. The
PTKc family is part of a larger superfamily that
includes the catalytic domains of other kinases such as
protein serine/threonine kinases, RIO kinases, and
phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). PTKs catalyze the
transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to
tyrosine (tyr) residues in protein substrates. Trk
subfamily members are receptor tyr kinases (RTKs)
containing an extracellular region with arrays of
leucine-rich motifs flanked by two cysteine-rich
clusters followed by two immunoglobulin-like domains, a
transmembrane segment, and an intracellular catalytic
domain. Binding to their ligands, the nerve growth
factor (NGF) family of neutrotrophins, leads to Trk
receptor oligomerization and activation of the catalytic
domain. Trk receptors are mainly expressed in the
peripheral and central nervous systems. They play
important roles in cell fate determination, neuronal
survival and differentiation, as well as in the
regulation of synaptic plasticity. Altered expression of
Trk receptors is associated with many human diseases.
Length = 280
Score = 53.2 bits (128), Expect = 9e-09
Identities = 19/53 (35%), Positives = 31/53 (58%)
Query: 121 GMTNAEVLHQVEHGYRMPCPPGCPPRLYDIMLECWLKDPVKRPTFETLQWKLE 173
G++N EV+ + G + P CP +YDIML CW +DP +R + + +L+
Sbjct: 227 GLSNEEVIECITQGRLLQRPRTCPSEVYDIMLGCWKRDPQQRINIKDIHERLQ 279
>gnl|CDD|133211 cd05080, PTKc_Tyk2_rpt2, Catalytic (repeat 2) domain of the Protein
Tyrosine Kinase, Tyrosine kinase 2. Protein Tyrosine
Kinase (PTK) family; Tyrosine kinase 2 (Tyk2); catalytic
(c) domain (repeat 2). The PTKc family is part of a
larger superfamily that includes the catalytic domains
of other kinases such as protein serine/threonine
kinases, RIO kinases, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase
(PI3K). PTKs catalyze the transfer of the
gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to tyrosine (tyr)
residues in protein substrates. Tyk2 is a member of the
Janus kinase (Jak) subfamily of proteins, which are
cytoplasmic (or nonreceptor) tyr kinases containing an
N-terminal FERM domain, followed by a Src homology 2
(SH2) domain, a pseudokinase domain, and a C-terminal
tyr kinase catalytic domain. Jaks are crucial for
cytokine receptor signaling. They are activated by
autophosphorylation upon cytokine-induced receptor
aggregation, and subsequently trigger downstream
signaling events such as the phosphorylation of signal
transducers and activators of transcription (STATs).
Tyk2 is widely expressed in many tissues. It is involved
in signaling via the cytokine receptors IFN-alphabeta,
IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, and IL-23. It mediates cell
surface urokinase receptor (uPAR) signaling and plays a
role in modulating vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC)
functional behavior in response to injury. Tyk2 is also
important in dendritic cell function and T helper (Th)1
cell differentiation. A homozygous mutation of Tyk2 was
found in a patient with hyper-IgE syndrome (HIES), a
primary immunodeficiency characterized by recurrent skin
abscesses, pneumonia, and elevated serum IgE. This
suggests that Tyk2 may play important roles in multiple
cytokine signaling involved in innate and adaptive
immunity.
Length = 283
Score = 53.0 bits (127), Expect = 1e-08
Identities = 21/57 (36%), Positives = 31/57 (54%)
Query: 119 SGGMTNAEVLHQVEHGYRMPCPPGCPPRLYDIMLECWLKDPVKRPTFETLQWKLEDF 175
G MT ++ +E G R+PCP CP +Y +M CW + RPTF +L L++
Sbjct: 225 QGQMTVVRLIELLERGMRLPCPKNCPQEVYILMKNCWETEAKFRPTFRSLIPILKEM 281
>gnl|CDD|173634 cd05053, PTKc_FGFR, Catalytic domain of the Protein Tyrosine
Kinases, Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptors. Protein
Tyrosine Kinase (PTK) family; Fibroblast Growth Factor
Receptor (FGFR) subfamily; catalytic (c) domain. The
FGFR subfamily consists of FGFR1, FGFR2, FGFR3, FGFR4,
and similar proteins. The PTKc family is part of a
larger superfamily that includes the catalytic domains
of other kinases such as protein serine/threonine
kinases, RIO kinases, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase
(PI3K).PTKs catalyze the transfer of the
gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to tyrosine (tyr)
residues in protein substrates. FGFR subfamily members
are receptor tyr kinases (RTKs) containing an
extracellular ligand-binding region with three
immunoglobulin-like domains, a transmembrane segment,
and an intracellular catalytic domain. The binding of
FGFRs to their ligands, the FGFs, and to heparin/heparan
sulfate (HS) results in the formation of a ternary
complex, which leads to receptor dimerization and
activation, and intracellular signaling. There are at
least 23 FGFs and four types of FGFRs. The binding of
FGFs to FGFRs is promiscuous, in that a receptor may be
activated by several ligands and a ligand may bind to
more that one type of receptor. FGF/FGFR signaling is
important in the regulation of embryonic development,
homeostasis, and regenerative processes. Depending on
the cell type and stage, FGFR signaling produces diverse
cellular responses including proliferation, growth
arrest, differentiation, and apoptosis. Aberrant
signaling leads to many human diseases such as skeletal,
olfactory, and metabolic disorders, as well as cancer.
Length = 293
Score = 52.8 bits (127), Expect = 1e-08
Identities = 17/35 (48%), Positives = 22/35 (62%)
Query: 134 GYRMPCPPGCPPRLYDIMLECWLKDPVKRPTFETL 168
GYRM P C LY +M +CW + P +RPTF+ L
Sbjct: 250 GYRMEKPQNCTQELYHLMRDCWHEVPSQRPTFKQL 284
>gnl|CDD|133178 cd05046, PTK_CCK4, Pseudokinase domain of the Protein Tyrosine
Kinase, Colon Carcinoma Kinase 4. Protein Tyrosine
Kinase (PTK) family; Colon Carcinoma Kinase 4 (CCK4);
pseudokinase domain. The PTKc (catalytic domain) family,
to which this subfamily belongs, includes the catalytic
domains of other kinases such as protein
serine/threonine kinases, RIO kinases, and
phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). PTKs catalyze the
transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to
tyrosine (tyr) residues in protein substrates. CCK4,
also called protein tyrosine kinase 7 (PTK7), is an
orphan receptor tyr kinase (RTK) containing an
extracellular region with seven immunoglobulin domains,
a transmembrane segment, and an intracellular inactive
pseudokinase domain. Studies in mice reveal that CCK4 is
essential for neural development. Mouse embryos
containing a truncated CCK4 die perinatally and display
craniorachischisis, a severe form of neural tube defect.
The mechanism of action of the CCK4 pseudokinase is
still unknown. Other pseudokinases such as HER3 rely on
the activity of partner RTKs.
Length = 275
Score = 52.1 bits (125), Expect = 2e-08
Identities = 22/56 (39%), Positives = 34/56 (60%), Gaps = 1/56 (1%)
Query: 120 GGMTNAEVLHQVEHG-YRMPCPPGCPPRLYDIMLECWLKDPVKRPTFETLQWKLED 174
G+++ EVL++++ G +P P GCP RLY +M CW +P RP+F L L +
Sbjct: 220 YGLSDEEVLNRLQAGKLELPVPEGCPSRLYKLMTRCWAVNPKDRPSFSELVSALGE 275
>gnl|CDD|133230 cd05099, PTKc_FGFR4, Catalytic domain of the Protein Tyrosine
Kinase, Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 4. Protein
Tyrosine Kinase (PTK) family; Fibroblast Growth Factor
Receptor 4 (FGFR4); catalytic (c) domain. The PTKc
family is part of a larger superfamily that includes the
catalytic domains of other kinases such as protein
serine/threonine kinases, RIO kinases, and
phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). PTKs catalyze the
transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to
tyrosine (tyr) residues in protein substrates. FGFR4 is
part of the FGFR subfamily, which are receptor tyr
kinases (RTKs) containing an extracellular
ligand-binding region with three immunoglobulin-like
domains, a transmembrane segment, and an intracellular
catalytic domain. The binding of FGFRs to their ligands,
the FGFs, results in receptor dimerization and
activation, and intracellular signaling. The binding of
FGFs to FGFRs is promiscuous, in that a receptor may be
activated by several ligands and a ligand may bind to
more that one type of receptor. Unlike other FGFRs,
there is only one splice form of FGFR4. It binds FGF1,
FGF2, FGF6, FGF19, and FGF23. FGF19 is a selective
ligand for FGFR4. Although disruption of FGFR4 in mice
causes no obvious phenotype, in vivo inhibition of FGFR4
in cultured skeletal muscle cells resulted in an arrest
of muscle progenitor differentiation. FGF6 and FGFR4 are
uniquely expressed in myofibers and satellite cells.
FGF6/FGFR4 signaling appears to play a key role in the
regulation of muscle regeneration. A polymorphism in
FGFR4 is found in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.
Length = 314
Score = 51.9 bits (124), Expect = 3e-08
Identities = 22/67 (32%), Positives = 32/67 (47%)
Query: 121 GMTNAEVLHQVEHGYRMPCPPGCPPRLYDIMLECWLKDPVKRPTFETLQWKLEDFFTMEG 180
G+ E+ + G+RM P C LY +M ECW P +RPTF+ L L+
Sbjct: 239 GIPVEELFKLLREGHRMDKPSNCTHELYMLMRECWHAVPTQRPTFKQLVEALDKVLAAVS 298
Query: 181 SDYKEAS 187
+Y + S
Sbjct: 299 EEYLDLS 305
>gnl|CDD|173642 cd05075, PTKc_Axl, Catalytic domain of the Protein Tyrosine Kinase,
Axl. Protein Tyrosine Kinase (PTK) family; Axl;
catalytic (c) domain. The PTKc family is part of a
larger superfamily that includes the catalytic domains
of other kinases such as protein serine/threonine
kinases, RIO kinases, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase
(PI3K). PTKs catalyze the transfer of the
gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to tyrosine (tyr)
residues in protein substrates. Axl is a member of the
Axl subfamily, which is composed of receptor tyr kinases
(RTKs) containing an extracellular ligand-binding region
with two immunoglobulin-like domains followed by two
fibronectin type III repeats, a transmembrane segment,
and an intracellular catalytic domain. Binding to their
ligands, Gas6 and protein S, leads to receptor
dimerization, autophosphorylation, activation, and
intracellular signaling. Axl is widely expressed in a
variety of organs and cells including epithelial,
mesenchymal, hematopoietic, as well as non-transformed
cells. Axl signaling is important in many cellular
functions such as survival, anti-apoptosis,
proliferation, migration, and adhesion. Axl was
originally isolated from patients with chronic
myelogenous leukemia and a chronic myeloproliferative
disorder. Axl is overexpressed in many human cancers
including colon, squamous cell, thyroid, breast, and
lung carcinomas.
Length = 272
Score = 51.2 bits (122), Expect = 5e-08
Identities = 23/53 (43%), Positives = 33/53 (62%)
Query: 121 GMTNAEVLHQVEHGYRMPCPPGCPPRLYDIMLECWLKDPVKRPTFETLQWKLE 173
G+ N+E+ + G R+ PP C LY +M CWL +P RP+FETL+ +LE
Sbjct: 217 GVENSEIYDYLRQGNRLKQPPDCLDGLYSLMSSCWLLNPKDRPSFETLRCELE 269
>gnl|CDD|198271 cd10408, SH2_Nck1, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in Nck. Nck
proteins are adaptors that modulate actin cytoskeleton
dynamics by linking proline-rich effector molecules to
tyrosine kinases or phosphorylated signaling
intermediates. There are two members known in this
family: Nck1 (Nckalpha) and Nck2 (Nckbeta and Growth
factor receptor-bound protein 4 (Grb4)). They are
characterized by having 3 SH3 domains and a C-terminal
SH2 domain. Nck1 and Nck2 have overlapping functions as
determined by gene knockouts. Both bind receptor
tyrosine kinases and other tyrosine-phosphorylated
proteins through their SH2 domains. In addition they
also bind distinct targets. Neuronal signaling
proteins: EphrinB1, EphrinB2, and Disabled-1 (Dab-1)
all bind to Nck-2 exclusively. And in the case of
PDGFR, Tyr(P)751 binds to Nck1 while Tyr(P)1009 binds
to Nck2. Nck1 and Nck2 have a role in the infection
process of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC).
Their SH3 domains are involved in recruiting and
activating the N-WASP/Arp2/3 complex inducing actin
polymerization resulting in the production of
pedestals, dynamic bacteria-presenting protrusions of
the plasma membrane. A similar thing occurs in the
vaccinia virus where motile plasma membrane projections
are formed beneath the virus. Recently it has been
shown that the SH2 domains of both Nck1 and Nck2 bind
the G-protein coupled receptor kinase-interacting
protein 1 (GIT1) in a phosphorylation-dependent manner.
In general SH2 domains are involved in signal
transduction. They typically bind pTyr-containing
ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic
binding pocket, allowing proteins with SH2 domains to
localize to tyrosine phosphorylated sites.
Length = 97
Score = 48.5 bits (115), Expect = 5e-08
Identities = 34/88 (38%), Positives = 45/88 (51%), Gaps = 20/88 (22%)
Query: 1 WYFGKIKRIEAEKKLLLPENDH-GAFLIRDSESRKNDYSLS-----EYKRSSFCLKMTT- 53
WY+GK+ R +AE + L E + G FLIRDSES ND+S+S + K LK
Sbjct: 3 WYYGKVTRHQAE--MALNERGNEGDFLIRDSESSPNDFSVSLKAQGKNKHFKVQLKECVY 60
Query: 54 --GRSLFETQKAGRTTIHYPELVEHYSK 79
G+ F + + ELVEHY K
Sbjct: 61 CIGQRKFSSME---------ELVEHYKK 79
>gnl|CDD|133189 cd05058, PTKc_Met_Ron, Catalytic domain of the Protein Tyrosine
Kinases, Met and Ron. Protein Tyrosine Kinase (PTK)
family; Met and Ron; catalytic (c) domain. The PTKc
family is part of a larger superfamily that includes the
catalytic domains of other kinases such as protein
serine/threonine kinases, RIO kinases, and
phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). PTKs catalyze the
transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to
tyrosine (tyr) residues in protein substrates. Met and
Ron are receptor tyr kinases (RTKs) composed of an
alpha-beta heterodimer. The extracellular alpha chain is
disulfide linked to the beta chain, which contains an
extracellular ligand-binding region with a sema domain,
a PSI domain and four IPT repeats, a transmembrane
segment, and an intracellular catalytic domain. Binding
to their ligands leads to receptor dimerization,
autophosphorylation, activation, and intracellular
signaling. Met binds to the ligand, hepatocyte growth
factor/scatter factor (HGF/SF), and is also called the
HGF receptor. HGF/Met signaling plays a role in growth,
transformation, cell motility, invasion, metastasis,
angiogenesis, wound healing, and tissue regeneration.
Aberrant expression of Met through mutations or gene
amplification is associated with many human cancers
including hereditary papillary renal and gastric
carcinomas. The ligand for Ron is macrophage stimulating
protein (MSP). Ron signaling is important in regulating
cell motility, adhesion, proliferation, and apoptosis.
Aberrant Ron expression is implicated in tumorigenesis
and metastasis.
Length = 262
Score = 50.5 bits (121), Expect = 8e-08
Identities = 19/51 (37%), Positives = 27/51 (52%)
Query: 126 EVLHQVEHGYRMPCPPGCPPRLYDIMLECWLKDPVKRPTFETLQWKLEDFF 176
++ + G R+ P CP LY++ML CW P RPTF L ++E F
Sbjct: 210 DITVYLLQGRRLLQPEYCPDPLYEVMLSCWHPKPEMRPTFSELVSRIEQIF 260
>gnl|CDD|173647 cd05091, PTKc_Ror2, Catalytic domain of the Protein Tyrosine
Kinase, Receptor tyrosine kinase-like Orphan Receptor 2.
Protein Tyrosine Kinase (PTK) family; Receptor tyrosine
kinase-like Orphan Receptor 2 (Ror2); catalytic (c)
domain. The PTKc family is part of a larger superfamily
that includes the catalytic domains of other kinases
such as protein serine/threonine kinases, RIO kinases,
and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). PTKs catalyze the
transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to
tyrosine (tyr) residues in protein substrates. Ror
proteins are orphan receptor tyr kinases (RTKs)
containing an extracellular region with
immunoglobulin-like, cysteine-rich, and kringle domains,
a transmembrane segment, and an intracellular catalytic
domain. Ror RTKs are unrelated to the nuclear receptor
subfamily called retinoid-related orphan receptors
(RORs). RTKs are usually activated through ligand
binding, which causes dimerization and
autophosphorylation of the intracellular tyr kinase
catalytic domain. Ror2 plays important roles in skeletal
and heart formation. Ror2-deficient mice show widespread
bone abnormalities, ventricular defects in the heart,
and respiratory dysfunction. Mutations in human Ror2
result in two different bone development genetic
disorders, recessive Robinow syndrome and brachydactyly
type B. Ror2 is also implicated in neural development.
Length = 283
Score = 50.0 bits (119), Expect = 1e-07
Identities = 19/52 (36%), Positives = 32/52 (61%)
Query: 121 GMTNAEVLHQVEHGYRMPCPPGCPPRLYDIMLECWLKDPVKRPTFETLQWKL 172
G +N +V+ + + +PCP CP +Y +MLECW + P +RP F+ + +L
Sbjct: 229 GYSNQDVIEMIRNRQVLPCPDDCPAWVYTLMLECWNEFPSRRPRFKDIHSRL 280
>gnl|CDD|88330 cd05047, PTKc_Tie, Catalytic domain of Tie Protein Tyrosine
Kinases. Protein Tyrosine Kinase (PTK) family; Tie
subfamily; catalytic (c) domain. The Tie subfamily
consists of Tie1 and Tie2. The PTKc family is part of a
larger superfamily that includes the catalytic domains
of other kinases such as protein serine/threonine
kinases, RIO kinases, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase
(PI3K). PTKs catalyze the transfer of the
gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to tyrosine (tyr)
residues in protein substrates. Tie proteins are
receptor tyr kinases (RTKs) containing an extracellular
region, a transmembrane segment, and an intracellular
catalytic domain. The extracellular region contains an
immunoglobulin (Ig)-like domain, three epidermal growth
factor (EGF)-like domains, a second Ig-like domain, and
three fibronectin type III repeats. Tie receptors are
specifically expressed in endothelial cells and
hematopoietic stem cells. The angiopoietins (Ang-1 to
Ang-4) serve as ligands for Tie2, while no specific
ligand has been identified for Tie1. The binding of
Ang-1 to Tie2 leads to receptor autophosphorylation and
activation, promoting cell migration and survival. In
contrast, Ang-2 binding to Tie2 does not result in the
same response, suggesting that Ang-2 may function as an
antagonist. In vivo studies of Tie1 show that it is
critical in vascular development.
Length = 270
Score = 49.3 bits (117), Expect = 2e-07
Identities = 20/52 (38%), Positives = 31/52 (59%)
Query: 121 GMTNAEVLHQVEHGYRMPCPPGCPPRLYDIMLECWLKDPVKRPTFETLQWKL 172
GMT AE+ ++ GYR+ P C +YD+M +CW + P +RP+F + L
Sbjct: 214 GMTCAELYEKLPQGYRLEKPLNCDDEVYDLMRQCWREKPYERPSFAQILVSL 265
>gnl|CDD|133220 cd05089, PTKc_Tie1, Catalytic domain of the Protein Tyrosine
Kinase, Tie1. Protein Tyrosine Kinase (PTK) family;
Tie1; catalytic (c) domain. The PTKc family is part of a
larger superfamily that includes the catalytic domains
of other kinases such as protein serine/threonine
kinases, RIO kinases, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase
(PI3K). PTKs catalyze the transfer of the
gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to tyrosine (tyr)
residues in protein substrates. Tie1 is a receptor tyr
kinase (RTK) containing an extracellular region, a
transmembrane segment, and an intracellular catalytic
domain. The extracellular region contains an
immunoglobulin (Ig)-like domain, three epidermal growth
factor (EGF)-like domains, a second Ig-like domain, and
three fibronectin type III repeats. Tie receptors are
specifically expressed in endothelial cells and
hematopoietic stem cells. No specific ligand has been
identified for Tie1, although the angiopoietin, Ang-1,
binds to Tie1 through integrins at high concentrations.
In vivo studies of Tie1 show that it is critical in
vascular development.
Length = 297
Score = 49.6 bits (118), Expect = 2e-07
Identities = 20/52 (38%), Positives = 30/52 (57%)
Query: 121 GMTNAEVLHQVEHGYRMPCPPGCPPRLYDIMLECWLKDPVKRPTFETLQWKL 172
GMT AE+ ++ GYRM P C +Y++M +CW P +RP F + +L
Sbjct: 221 GMTCAELYEKLPQGYRMEKPRNCDDEVYELMRQCWRDRPYERPPFAQISVQL 272
>gnl|CDD|198185 cd09931, SH2_C-SH2_SHP_like, C-terminal Src homology 2 (C-SH2)
domain found in SH2 domain Phosphatases (SHP) proteins.
The SH2 domain phosphatases (SHP-1, SHP-2/Syp,
Drosophila corkscrew (csw), and Caenorhabditis elegans
Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase (Ptp-2)) are cytoplasmic
signaling enzymes. They are both targeted and regulated
by interactions of their SH2 domains with
phosphotyrosine docking sites. These proteins contain
two SH2 domains (N-SH2, C-SH2) followed by a tyrosine
phosphatase (PTP) domain, and a C-terminal extension.
Shp1 and Shp2 have two tyrosyl phosphorylation sites in
their C-tails, which are phosphorylated differentially
by receptor and nonreceptor PTKs. Csw retains the
proximal tyrosine and Ptp-2 lacks both sites.
Shp-binding proteins include receptors, scaffolding
adapters, and inhibitory receptors. Some of these bind
both Shp1 and Shp2 while others bind only one. Most
proteins that bind a Shp SH2 domain contain one or more
immuno-receptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs
(ITIMs): [SIVL]xpYxx[IVL]. Shp1 N-SH2 domain blocks
the catalytic domain and keeps the enzyme in the
inactive conformation, and is thus believed to regulate
the phosphatase activity of SHP-1. Its C-SH2 domain is
thought to be involved in searching for phosphotyrosine
activators. The SHP2 N-SH2 domain is a conformational
switch; it either binds and inhibits the phosphatase,
or it binds phosphoproteins and activates the enzyme.
The C-SH2 domain contributes binding energy and
specificity, but it does not have a direct role in
activation. Csw SH2 domain function is essential, but
either SH2 domain can fulfill this requirement. The
role of the csw SH2 domains during Sevenless receptor
tyrosine kinase (SEV) signaling is to bind Daughter of
Sevenless rather than activated SEV. Ptp-2 acts in
oocytes downstream of sheath/oocyte gap junctions to
promote major sperm protein (MSP)-induced MAP Kinase
(MPK-1) phosphorylation. Ptp-2 functions in the oocyte
cytoplasm, not at the cell surface to inhibit multiple
RasGAPs, resulting in sustained Ras activation. It is
thought that MSP triggers PTP-2/Ras activation and ROS
production to stimulate MPK-1 activity essential for
oocyte maturation and that secreted MSP domains and
Cu/Zn superoxide dismutases function antagonistically
to control ROS and MAPK signaling. In general SH2
domains are involved in signal transduction. They
typically bind pTyr-containing ligands via two surface
pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic binding pocket,
allowing proteins with SH2 domains to localize to
tyrosine phosphorylated sites.
Length = 99
Score = 46.5 bits (111), Expect = 3e-07
Identities = 30/111 (27%), Positives = 48/111 (43%), Gaps = 34/111 (30%)
Query: 1 WYFGKIKRIEAEKKLLLPENDHGAFLIRDSESRKNDYSLS---------------EYKRS 45
W+ G + EAEK LLL + G+FL+R+S+S+ D+ LS + +
Sbjct: 2 WFHGHLSGKEAEK-LLLEKGKPGSFLVRESQSKPGDFVLSVRTDDDKVTHIMIRCQGGKY 60
Query: 46 SFCLKMTTGRSLFETQKAGRTTIHYPELVEHYSK----DADGLCVNLRKPC 92
G F++ +LVEHY K + G V+L++P
Sbjct: 61 DVG-----GGEEFDSLT---------DLVEHYKKNPMVETSGTVVHLKQPL 97
>gnl|CDD|133219 cd05088, PTKc_Tie2, Catalytic domain of the Protein Tyrosine
Kinase, Tie2. Protein Tyrosine Kinase (PTK) family;
Tie2; catalytic (c) domain. The PTKc family is part of a
larger superfamily that includes the catalytic domains
of other kinases such as protein serine/threonine
kinases, RIO kinases, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase
(PI3K). PTKs catalyze the transfer of the
gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to tyrosine (tyr)
residues in protein substrates. Tie2 is a receptor tyr
kinase (RTK) containing an extracellular region, a
transmembrane segment, and an intracellular catalytic
domain. The extracellular region contains an
immunoglobulin (Ig)-like domain, three epidermal growth
factor (EGF)-like domains, a second Ig-like domain, and
three fibronectin type III repeats. Tie2 is expressed
mainly in endothelial cells and hematopoietic stem
cells. It is also found in a subset of tumor-associated
monocytes and eosinophils. The angiopoietins (Ang-1 to
Ang-4) serve as ligands for Tie2. The binding of Ang-1
to Tie2 leads to receptor autophosphorylation and
activation, promoting cell migration and survival. In
contrast, Ang-2 binding to Tie2 does not result in the
same response, suggesting that Ang-2 may function as an
antagonist. Tie2 signaling plays key regulatory roles in
vascular integrity and quiescence, and in inflammation.
Length = 303
Score = 49.2 bits (117), Expect = 3e-07
Identities = 19/48 (39%), Positives = 30/48 (62%)
Query: 121 GMTNAEVLHQVEHGYRMPCPPGCPPRLYDIMLECWLKDPVKRPTFETL 168
GMT AE+ ++ GYR+ P C +YD+M +CW + P +RP+F +
Sbjct: 226 GMTCAELYEKLPQGYRLEKPLNCDDEVYDLMRQCWREKPYERPSFAQI 273
>gnl|CDD|133237 cd05106, PTKc_CSF-1R, Catalytic domain of the Protein Tyrosine
Kinase, Colony-Stimulating Factor-1 Receptor. Protein
Tyrosine Kinase (PTK) family; Colony-Stimulating
Factor-1 Receptor (CSF-1R); catalytic (c) domain. The
PTKc family is part of a larger superfamily that
includes the catalytic domains of other kinases such as
protein serine/threonine kinases, RIO kinases, and
phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). PTKs catalyze the
transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to
tyrosine (tyr) residues in protein substrates. CSF-1R,
also called c-Fms, is a member of the Platelet Derived
Growth Factor Receptor (PDGFR) subfamily of proteins,
which are receptor tyr kinases (RTKs) containing an
extracellular ligand-binding region with five
immunoglobulin-like domains, a transmembrane segment,
and an intracellular catalytic domain. The binding of
CSF-1R to its ligand, CSF-1, leads to receptor
dimerization, trans phosphorylation and activation, and
intracellular signaling. CSF-1R signaling is critical in
the regulation of macrophages and osteoclasts. It leads
to increases in gene transcription and protein
translation, and induces cytoskeletal remodeling. CSF-1R
signaling leads to a variety of cellular responses
including survival, proliferation, and differentiation
of target cells. It plays an important role in innate
immunity, tissue development and function, and the
pathogenesis of some diseases including atherosclerosis
and cancer. CSF-1R signaling is also implicated in
mammary gland development during pregnancy and
lactation. Aberrant CSF-1/CSF-1R expression correlates
with tumor cell invasiveness, poor clinical prognosis,
and bone metastasis in breast cancer. Although the
structure of the human CSF-1R catalytic domain is known,
it is excluded from this specific alignment model
because it contains a deletion in its sequence.
Length = 374
Score = 48.7 bits (116), Expect = 4e-07
Identities = 19/47 (40%), Positives = 27/47 (57%)
Query: 120 GGMTNAEVLHQVEHGYRMPCPPGCPPRLYDIMLECWLKDPVKRPTFE 166
G + N++ V+ GY+M P PP +Y IM CW +P +RPTF
Sbjct: 317 GILVNSKFYKMVKRGYQMSRPDFAPPEIYSIMKMCWNLEPTERPTFS 363
>gnl|CDD|133186 cd05055, PTKc_PDGFR, Catalytic domain of the Protein Tyrosine
Kinases, Platelet Derived Growth Factor Receptors.
Protein Tyrosine Kinase (PTK) family; Platelet Derived
Growth Factor Receptor (PDGFR) subfamily; catalytic (c)
domain. The PDGFR subfamily consists of PDGFR alpha,
PDGFR beta, KIT, CSF-1R, the mammalian FLT3, and similar
proteins. The PTKc family is part of a larger
superfamily that includes the catalytic domains of other
kinases such as protein serine/threonine kinases, RIO
kinases, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). PTKs
catalyze the transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group from
ATP to tyrosine (tyr) residues in protein substrates.
PDGFR subfamily members are receptor tyr kinases (RTKs)
containing an extracellular ligand-binding region with
five immunoglobulin-like domains, a transmembrane
segment, and an intracellular catalytic domain. PDGFR
kinase domains are autoinhibited by their juxtamembrane
regions containing tyr residues. The binding to their
ligands leads to receptor dimerization, trans
phosphorylation and activation, and intracellular
signaling. PDGFR subfamily receptors are important in
the development of a variety of cells. PDGFRs are
expressed in a many cells including fibroblasts,
neurons, endometrial cells, mammary epithelial cells,
and vascular smooth muscle cells. PDGFR signaling is
critical in normal embryonic development, angiogenesis,
and wound healing. PDGFRs transduce mitogenic signals
for connective tissue cells and are important for cell
shape and motility. Kit is important in the development
of melanocytes, germ cells, mast cells, hematopoietic
stem cells, the interstitial cells of Cajal, and the
pacemaker cells of the GI tract. CSF-1R signaling is
critical in the regulation of macrophages and
osteoclasts. Mammalian FLT3 plays an important role in
the survival, proliferation, and differentiation of stem
cells.
Length = 302
Score = 48.3 bits (115), Expect = 5e-07
Identities = 20/55 (36%), Positives = 30/55 (54%)
Query: 120 GGMTNAEVLHQVEHGYRMPCPPGCPPRLYDIMLECWLKDPVKRPTFETLQWKLED 174
G +++ ++ GYRM P P +YDIM CW DP+KRPTF+ + +
Sbjct: 246 GMPVDSKFYKLIKEGYRMAQPEHAPAEIYDIMKTCWDADPLKRPTFKQIVQLIGK 300
>gnl|CDD|173653 cd05105, PTKc_PDGFR_alpha, Catalytic domain of the Protein Tyrosine
Kinase, Platelet Derived Growth Factor Receptor alpha.
Protein Tyrosine Kinase (PTK) family; Platelet Derived
Growth Factor Receptor (PDGFR) alpha; catalytic (c)
domain. The PTKc family is part of a larger superfamily
that includes the catalytic domains of other kinases
such as protein serine/threonine kinases, RIO kinases,
and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). PTKs catalyze the
transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to
tyrosine (tyr) residues in protein substrates. PDGFR
alpha is a receptor tyr kinase (RTK) containing an
extracellular ligand-binding region with five
immunoglobulin-like domains, a transmembrane segment,
and an intracellular catalytic domain. The binding to
its ligands, the PDGFs, leads to receptor dimerization,
trans phosphorylation and activation, and intracellular
signaling. PDGFR alpha forms homodimers or heterodimers
with PDGFR beta, depending on the nature of the PDGF
ligand. PDGF-AA, PDGF-AB, and PDGF-CC induce PDGFR alpha
homodimerization. PDGFR signaling plays many roles in
normal embryonic development and adult physiology. PDGFR
alpha signaling is important in the formation of lung
alveoli, intestinal villi, mesenchymal dermis, and hair
follicles, as well as in the development of
oligodendrocytes, retinal astrocytes, neural crest
cells, and testicular cells. Aberrant PDGFR alpha
expression is associated with some human cancers.
Mutations in PDGFR alpha have been found within a subset
of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs). An active
fusion protein FIP1L1-PDGFR alpha, derived from
interstitial deletion, is associated with idiopathic
hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES) and chronic
eosinophilic leukemia (CEL).
Length = 400
Score = 48.5 bits (115), Expect = 5e-07
Identities = 19/59 (32%), Positives = 32/59 (54%)
Query: 120 GGMTNAEVLHQVEHGYRMPCPPGCPPRLYDIMLECWLKDPVKRPTFETLQWKLEDFFTM 178
G + ++ ++++ GYRM P +YDIM++CW +P KRP+F L +E
Sbjct: 342 GMIVDSTFYNKIKSGYRMAKPDHATQEVYDIMVKCWNSEPEKRPSFLHLSDIVESLLPS 400
>gnl|CDD|173652 cd05100, PTKc_FGFR3, Catalytic domain of the Protein Tyrosine
Kinase, Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 3. Protein
Tyrosine Kinase (PTK) family; Fibroblast Growth Factor
Receptor 3 (FGFR3); catalytic (c) domain. The PTKc
family is part of a larger superfamily that includes the
catalytic domains of other kinases such as protein
serine/threonine kinases, RIO kinases, and
phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). PTKs catalyze the
transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to
tyrosine (tyr) residues in protein substrates. FGFR3 is
part of the FGFR subfamily, which are receptor tyr
kinases (RTKs) containing an extracellular
ligand-binding region with three immunoglobulin-like
domains, a transmembrane segment, and an intracellular
catalytic domain. The binding of FGFRs to their ligands,
the FGFs, results in receptor dimerization and
activation, and intracellular signaling. The binding of
FGFs to FGFRs is promiscuous, in that a receptor may be
activated by several ligands and a ligand may bind to
more that one type of receptor. Many FGFR3 splice
variants have been reported with the IIIb and IIIc
isoforms being the predominant forms. FGFR3 IIIc is the
isoform expressed in chondrocytes, the cells affected in
dwarfism, while IIIb is expressed in epithelial cells.
FGFR3 ligands include FGF1, FGF2, FGF4, FGF8, FGF9, and
FGF23. It is a negative regulator of long bone growth.
In the cochlear duct and in the lens, FGFR3 is involved
in differentiation while it appears to have a role in
cell proliferation in epithelial cells. Germline
mutations in FGFR3 are associated with skeletal
disorders including several forms of dwarfism. Some
missense mutations are associated with multiple myeloma
and carcinomas of the bladder and cervix. Overexpression
of FGFR3 is found in thyroid carcinoma.
Length = 334
Score = 48.1 bits (114), Expect = 6e-07
Identities = 23/62 (37%), Positives = 33/62 (53%)
Query: 121 GMTNAEVLHQVEHGYRMPCPPGCPPRLYDIMLECWLKDPVKRPTFETLQWKLEDFFTMEG 180
G+ E+ ++ G+RM P C LY IM ECW P +RPTF+ L L+ T+
Sbjct: 239 GIPVEELFKLLKEGHRMDKPANCTHELYMIMRECWHAVPSQRPTFKQLVEDLDRVLTVTS 298
Query: 181 SD 182
+D
Sbjct: 299 TD 300
>gnl|CDD|173654 cd05108, PTKc_EGFR, Catalytic domain of the Protein Tyrosine
Kinase, Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor. Protein
Tyrosine Kinase (PTK) family; Epidermal Growth Factor
Receptor (EGFR); catalytic (c) domain. The PTKc family
is part of a larger superfamily that includes the
catalytic domains of other kinases such as protein
serine/threonine kinases, RIO kinases, and
phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). PTKs catalyze the
transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to
tyrosine (tyr) residues in protein substrates. EGFR
(HER1, ErbB1) is a member of the EGFR (HER, ErbB)
subfamily of proteins, which are receptor tyr kinases
(RTKs) containing an extracellular EGF-related
ligand-binding region, a transmembrane helix, and a
cytoplasmic region with a tyr kinase domain and a
regulatory C-terminal tail. Unlike other tyr kinases,
phosphorylation of the activation loop of EGFR proteins
is not critical to their activation. Instead, they are
activated by ligand-induced dimerization, leading to the
phosphorylation of tyr residues in the C-terminal tail,
which serve as binding sites for downstream signaling
molecules. Ligands for EGFR include EGF, heparin binding
EGF-like growth factor (HBEGF), epiregulin,
amphiregulin, TGFalpha, and betacellulin. Upon ligand
binding, EGFR can form homo- or heterodimers with other
EGFR subfamily members. The EGFR signaling pathway is
one of the most important pathways regulating cell
proliferation, differentiation, survival, and growth.
Overexpression and mutation in the kinase domain of EGFR
have been implicated in the development and progression
of a variety of cancers. A number of monoclonal
antibodies and small molecule inhibitors have been
developed that target EGFR, including the antibodies
Cetuximab and Panitumumab, which are used in combination
with other therapies for the treatment of colorectal
cancer and non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). The
small molecule inhibitors Gefitinib (Iressa) and
Erlotinib (Tarceva), already used for NSCLC, are
undergoing clinical trials for other types of cancer
including gastrointestinal, breast, head and neck, and
bladder.
Length = 316
Score = 48.1 bits (114), Expect = 6e-07
Identities = 25/64 (39%), Positives = 35/64 (54%), Gaps = 4/64 (6%)
Query: 109 GVVV-SAVDFGS---GGMTNAEVLHQVEHGYRMPCPPGCPPRLYDIMLECWLKDPVKRPT 164
GV V + FGS G+ +E+ +E G R+P PP C +Y IM++CW+ D RP
Sbjct: 198 GVTVWELMTFGSKPYDGIPASEISSILEKGERLPQPPICTIDVYMIMVKCWMIDADSRPK 257
Query: 165 FETL 168
F L
Sbjct: 258 FREL 261
>gnl|CDD|173631 cd05045, PTKc_RET, Catalytic domain of the Protein Tyrosine Kinase,
REarranged during Transfection protein. Protein
Tyrosine Kinase (PTK) family; RET (REarranged during
Transfection) protein; catalytic (c) domain. The PTKc
family is part of a larger superfamily that includes the
catalytic domains of other kinases such as protein
serine/threonine kinases, RIO kinases, and
phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). PTKs catalyze the
transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to
tyrosine (tyr) residues in protein substrates. RET is a
receptor tyr kinase (RTK) containing an extracellular
region with four cadherin-like repeats, a
calcium-binding site, and a cysteine-rich domain, a
transmembrane segment, and an intracellular catalytic
domain. It is part of a multisubunit complex that binds
glial-derived neurotropic factor (GDNF) family ligands
(GFLs) including GDNF, neurturin, artemin, and
persephin. GFLs bind RET along with four GPI-anchored
coreceptors, bringing two RET molecules together,
leading to autophosphorylation, activation, and
intracellular signaling. RET is essential for the
development of the sympathetic, parasympathetic and
enteric nervous systems, and the kidney. RET disruption
by germline mutations causes diseases in humans
including congenital aganglionosis of the
gastrointestinal tract (Hirschsprung's disease) and
three related inherited cancers: multiple endocrine
neoplasia type 2A (MEN2A), MEN2B, and familial medullary
thyroid carcinoma (FMTC).
Length = 290
Score = 47.7 bits (113), Expect = 7e-07
Identities = 19/40 (47%), Positives = 26/40 (65%)
Query: 134 GYRMPCPPGCPPRLYDIMLECWLKDPVKRPTFETLQWKLE 173
GYRM P C +Y++ML CW ++P KRPTF + +LE
Sbjct: 245 GYRMERPENCSEEMYNLMLTCWKQEPDKRPTFADISKELE 284
>gnl|CDD|198188 cd09934, SH2_Tec_family, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in
Tec-like proteins. The Tec protein tyrosine kinase is
the founding member of a family that includes Btk, Itk,
Bmx, and Txk. The members have a PH domain, a
zinc-binding motif, a SH3 domain, a SH2 domain, and a
protein kinase catalytic domain. Btk is involved in
B-cell receptor signaling with mutations in Btk
responsible for X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA) in
humans and X-linked immunodeficiency (xid) in mice. Itk
is involved in T-cell receptor signaling. Tec is
expressed in both T and B cells, and is thought to
function in activated and effector T lymphocytes to
induce the expression of genes regulated by NFAT
transcription factors. In general SH2 domains are
involved in signal transduction. They typically bind
pTyr-containing ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr
and hydrophobic binding pocket, allowing proteins with
SH2 domains to localize to tyrosine phosphorylated
sites.
Length = 104
Score = 45.1 bits (107), Expect = 8e-07
Identities = 28/98 (28%), Positives = 47/98 (47%), Gaps = 11/98 (11%)
Query: 1 WYFGKIKRIEAEKKLLLPENDHGAFLIRDSESRKNDYSLSEYKRSS-------FCLKMTT 53
WY G + R AE LL E+ G F++R+S S K Y++S + + + +K
Sbjct: 8 WYVGDMSRQRAES-LLKQEDKEGCFVVRNS-STKGLYTVSLFTKVPGSPHVKHYHIKQNA 65
Query: 54 GRSLFETQKAGRTTIHYPELVEHYSKDADGLCVNLRKP 91
+ +K TI PEL+ ++ ++ GL L+ P
Sbjct: 66 RSEFYLAEKHCFETI--PELINYHQHNSGGLATRLKYP 101
>gnl|CDD|198260 cd10397, SH2_Tec_Btk, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in Tec
protein, Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk). A member of
the Tec protein tyrosine kinase Btk is expressed in bone
marrow, spleen, all hematopoietic cells except T
lymphocytes and plasma cells where it plays a crucial
role in B cell maturation and mast cell activation. Btk
has been shown to interact with GNAQ, PLCG2, protein
kinase D1, B-cell linker, SH3BP5, caveolin 1, ARID3A,
and GTF2I. Most of the Tec family members have a PH
domain (Txk and the short (type 1) splice variant of
Drosophila Btk29A are exceptions), a Tec homology (TH)
domain, a SH3 domain, a SH2 domain, and a protein kinase
catalytic domain. Btk is implicated in the primary
immunodeficiency disease X-linked agammaglobulinemia
(Bruton's agammaglobulinemia). The TH domain consists
of a Zn2+-binding Btk motif and a proline-rich region.
The Btk motif is found in Tec kinases, Ras GAP, and
IGBP. It is crucial for the function of Tec PH domains
and it's lack of presence in Txk is not surprising since
it lacks a PH domain. The type 1 splice form of the
Drosophila homolog also lacks both the PH domain and the
Btk motif. The proline-rich regions are highly
conserved for the most part with the exception of Bmx
whose residues surrounding the PXXP motif are not
conserved (TH-like) and Btk29A which is entirely unique
with large numbers of glycine residues (TH-extended).
Tec family members all lack a C-terminal tyrosine having
an autoinhibitory function in its phosphorylated state.
Two tyrosine phosphorylation (pY) sites have been
identified in Btk: one located in the activation loop of
the catalytic domain which regulates the transition
between open (active) and closed (inactive) states and
the other in its SH3 domain. In general SH2 domains are
involved in signal transduction. They typically bind
pTyr-containing ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr
and hydrophobic binding pocket, allowing proteins with
SH2 domains to localize to tyrosine phosphorylated
sites.
Length = 106
Score = 45.2 bits (107), Expect = 1e-06
Identities = 31/106 (29%), Positives = 52/106 (49%), Gaps = 16/106 (15%)
Query: 1 WYFGKIKRIEAEKKLLLPENDHGAFLIRDSESRKNDYSLSEYKRSS---------FCLKM 51
WY + R +AE+ LL E G F++RDS S+ Y++S + +S+ + +
Sbjct: 8 WYSKNMTRSQAEQ-LLKQEGKEGGFIVRDS-SKAGKYTVSVFAKSAGDPQGVIRHYVVCS 65
Query: 52 TTGRSLFETQKAGRTTIHYPELVEHYSKDADGLCVNLRKPCVQVSC 97
T + +K +TI PEL+ ++ +A GL L+ P VS
Sbjct: 66 TPQSQYYLAEKHLFSTI--PELINYHQHNAAGLISRLKYP---VSS 106
>gnl|CDD|198265 cd10402, SH2_C-SH2_Zap70, C-terminal Src homology 2 (SH2) domain
found in Zeta-chain-associated protein kinase 70
(ZAP-70). ZAP-70 and Syk comprise a family of
hematopoietic cell specific protein tyrosine kinases
(PTKs) that are required for antigen and antibody
receptor function. ZAP-70 is expressed in T and natural
killer (NK) cells and Syk is expressed in B cells, mast
cells, polymorphonuclear leukocytes, platelets,
macrophages, and immature T cells. They are required for
the proper development of T and B cells, immune
receptors, and activating NK cells. They consist of two
N-terminal Src homology 2 (SH2) domains and a C-terminal
kinase domain separated from the SH2 domains by a linker
or hinge region. Phosphorylation of both tyrosine
residues within the Immunoreceptor Tyrosine-based
Activation Motifs (ITAM; consensus sequence
Yxx[LI]x(7,8)Yxx[LI]) by the Src-family PTKs is required
for efficient interaction of ZAP-70 and Syk with the
receptor subunits and for receptor function. ZAP-70
forms two phosphotyrosine binding pockets, one of which
is shared by both SH2 domains. In Syk the two SH2
domains do not form such a phosphotyrosine-binding site.
The SH2 domains here are believed to function
independently. In addition, the two SH2 domains of Syk
display flexibility in their relative orientation,
allowing Syk to accommodate a greater variety of spacing
sequences between the ITAM phosphotyrosines and singly
phosphorylated non-classical ITAM ligands. This model
contains the C-terminus SH2 domains of Zap70. In general
SH2 domains are involved in signal transduction. They
typically bind pTyr-containing ligands via two surface
pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic binding pocket, allowing
proteins with SH2 domains to localize to tyrosine
phosphorylated sites.
Length = 105
Score = 44.9 bits (106), Expect = 1e-06
Identities = 29/106 (27%), Positives = 48/106 (45%), Gaps = 26/106 (24%)
Query: 1 WYFGKIKRIEAEKKLLLPENDHGAFLIRDSESRKNDYSLSEYKRSSFCLKMTTGRSLFET 60
WY G I R EAE++L G FL+R+ + + ++ L + G++++
Sbjct: 12 WYHGSIARDEAERRLYSGAQPDGKFLLRERK-----------ESGTYALSLVYGKTVYHY 60
Query: 61 Q----KAGRTTIHYPE---------LVEHYSKDADGLCVNLRKPCV 93
+ K+G+ +I PE LVE+ DGL LR+ C
Sbjct: 61 RIDQDKSGKYSI--PEGTKFDTLWQLVEYLKLKPDGLIFVLRESCP 104
>gnl|CDD|198180 cd09926, SH2_CRK_like, Src homology 2 domain found in
cancer-related signaling adaptor protein CRK. SH2
domain in the CRK proteins. CRKI (SH2-SH3) and CRKII
(SH2-SH3-SH3) are splicing isoforms of the oncoprotein
CRK. CRKs regulate transcription and cytoskeletal
reorganization for cell growth and motility by linking
tyrosine kinases to small G proteins. The SH2 domain of
CRK associates with tyrosine-phosphorylated receptors
or components of focal adhesions, such as p130Cas and
paxillin. CRK transmits signals to small G proteins
through effectors that bind its SH3 domain, such as
C3G, the guanine-nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for
Rap1 and R-Ras, and DOCK180, the GEF for Rac6. The
binding of p130Cas to the CRK-C3G complex activates
Rap1, leading to regulation of cell adhesion, and
activates R-Ras, leading to JNK-mediated activation of
cell proliferation, whereas the binding of CRK DOCK180
induces Rac1-mediated activation of cellular migration.
The activity of the different splicing isoforms varies
greatly with CRKI displaying substantial transforming
activity, CRKII less so, and phosphorylated CRKII with
no biological activity whatsoever. CRKII has a linker
region with a phosphorylated Tyr and an additional
C-terminal SH3 domain. The phosphorylated Tyr creates a
binding site for its SH2 domain which disrupts the
association between CRK and its SH2 target proteins.
In general SH2 domains are involved in signal
transduction. They typically bind pTyr-containing
ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic
binding pocket, allowing proteins with SH2 domains to
localize to tyrosine phosphorylated sites.
Length = 106
Score = 44.4 bits (105), Expect = 2e-06
Identities = 21/48 (43%), Positives = 27/48 (56%), Gaps = 2/48 (4%)
Query: 1 WYFGKIKRIEAEKKLLLPENDHGAFLIRDSESRKNDYSLSEYKRSSFC 48
WYFG + R EA++ LL HG FL+RDS + DY LS + S
Sbjct: 9 WYFGPMSRQEAQE--LLQGQRHGVFLVRDSSTIPGDYVLSVSENSRVS 54
>gnl|CDD|173636 cd05057, PTKc_EGFR_like, Catalytic domain of Epidermal Growth
Factor Receptor-like Protein Tyrosine Kinases. Protein
Tyrosine Kinase (PTK) family; Epidermal Growth Factor
Receptor (EGFR) subfamily; catalytic (c) domain. EGFR
(HER, ErbB) subfamily members include EGFR (HER1,
ErbB1), HER2 (ErbB2), HER3 (ErbB3), HER4 (ErbB4), and
similar proteins. The PTKc family is part of a larger
superfamily that includes the catalytic domains of other
kinases such as protein serine/threonine kinases, RIO
kinases, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). PTKs
catalyze the transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group from
ATP to tyrosine (tyr) residues in protein substrates.
The EGFR proteins are receptor tyr kinases (RTKs)
containing an extracellular EGF-related ligand-binding
region, a transmembrane helix, and a cytoplasmic region
with a tyr kinase domain and a regulatory C-terminal
tail. Unlike other tyr kinases, phosphorylation of the
activation loop of EGFR proteins is not critical to
their activation. Instead, they are activated by
ligand-induced dimerization, resulting in the
phosphorylation of tyr residues in the C-terminal tail,
which serve as binding sites for downstream signaling
molecules. Collectively, they can recognize a variety of
ligands including EGF, TGFalpha, and neuregulins, among
others. All four subfamily members can form homo- or
heterodimers. HER3 contains an impaired kinase domain
and depends on its heterodimerization partner for
activation. EGFR subfamily members are involved in
signaling pathways leading to a broad range of cellular
responses including cell proliferation, differentiation,
migration, growth inhibition, and apoptosis. Gain of
function alterations, through their overexpression,
deletions, or point mutations in their kinase domains,
have been implicated in various cancers. These receptors
are targets of many small molecule inhibitors and
monoclonal antibodies used in cancer therapy.
Length = 279
Score = 46.6 bits (111), Expect = 2e-06
Identities = 18/48 (37%), Positives = 29/48 (60%)
Query: 121 GMTNAEVLHQVEHGYRMPCPPGCPPRLYDIMLECWLKDPVKRPTFETL 168
G+ E+ +E G R+P PP C +Y ++++CW+ D RPTF+ L
Sbjct: 214 GIPAVEIPDLLEKGERLPQPPICTIDVYMVLVKCWMIDAESRPTFKEL 261
>gnl|CDD|198264 cd10401, SH2_C-SH2_Syk_like, C-terminal Src homology 2 (SH2)
domain found in Spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) proteins.
ZAP-70 and Syk comprise a family of hematopoietic cell
specific protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) that are
required for antigen and antibody receptor function.
ZAP-70 is expressed in T and natural killer (NK) cells
and Syk is expressed in B cells, mast cells,
polymorphonuclear leukocytes, platelets, macrophages,
and immature T cells. They are required for the proper
development of T and B cells, immune receptors, and
activating NK cells. They consist of two N-terminal Src
homology 2 (SH2) domains and a C-terminal kinase domain
separated from the SH2 domains by a linker or hinge
region. Phosphorylation of both tyrosine residues
within the Immunoreceptor Tyrosine-based Activation
Motifs (ITAM; consensus sequence Yxx[LI]x(7,8)Yxx[LI])
by the Src-family PTKs is required for efficient
interaction of ZAP-70 and Syk with the receptor
subunits and for receptor function. ZAP-70 forms two
phosphotyrosine binding pockets, one of which is shared
by both SH2 domains. In Syk the two SH2 domains do not
form such a phosphotyrosine-binding site. The SH2
domains here are believed to function independently. In
addition, the two SH2 domains of Syk display
flexibility in their relative orientation, allowing Syk
to accommodate a greater variety of spacing sequences
between the ITAM phosphotyrosines and singly
phosphorylated non-classical ITAM ligands. This model
contains the C-terminus SH2 domains of Syk. In general
SH2 domains are involved in signal transduction. They
typically bind pTyr-containing ligands via two surface
pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic binding pocket,
allowing proteins with SH2 domains to localize to
tyrosine phosphorylated sites.
Length = 99
Score = 44.1 bits (104), Expect = 2e-06
Identities = 36/104 (34%), Positives = 52/104 (50%), Gaps = 24/104 (23%)
Query: 1 WYFGKIKRIEAEKKLLLPENDHGAFLIRDSESRKNDYSLSEYKRSSFCLKMTTGRSL--- 57
W+ GKI R E+E+ LL+ +G FLIR+ ++ Y+L CL + G+ L
Sbjct: 5 WFHGKISREESEQILLIGSKTNGKFLIRERDNN-GSYAL--------CL-LHDGKVLHYR 54
Query: 58 FETQKAGRTTIHYPE---------LVEHYSKDADGLCVNLRKPC 92
+ K G+ +I P+ LVEHYS DGL L +PC
Sbjct: 55 IDKDKTGKLSI--PDGKKFDTLWQLVEHYSYKPDGLLRVLTEPC 96
>gnl|CDD|198255 cd10392, SH2_SHF, Src homology 2 domain found in SH2
domain-containing adapter protein F (SHF). SHF is
thought to play a role in PDGF-receptor signaling and
regulation of apoptosis. SHF is mainly expressed in
skeletal muscle, brain, liver, prostate, testis, ovary,
small intestine, and colon. SHF contains four putative
tyrosine phosphorylation sites and an SH2 domain. In
general SH2 domains are involved in signal
transduction. They typically bind pTyr-containing
ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic
binding pocket, allowing proteins with SH2 domains to
localize to tyrosine phosphorylated sites.
Length = 98
Score = 43.9 bits (103), Expect = 2e-06
Identities = 28/81 (34%), Positives = 44/81 (54%), Gaps = 6/81 (7%)
Query: 1 WYFGKIKRIEAEKKLLLPENDHGAFLIRDSESRKNDYSLSEYKRSSFCLKMTTGRSLFET 60
WY G I R +AE L L + ++L+R+SE+ KND+SLS K S + M R+
Sbjct: 3 WYHGAISRTDAENLLRLCK--EASYLVRNSETSKNDFSLS-LKSSQGFMHMKLSRTKEHK 59
Query: 61 QKAGRTTIHY---PELVEHYS 78
G+ + + PE++ HY+
Sbjct: 60 YVLGQNSPPFSSVPEIIHHYA 80
>gnl|CDD|133192 cd05061, PTKc_InsR, Catalytic domain of the Protein Tyrosine
Kinase, Insulin Receptor. Protein Tyrosine Kinase (PTK)
family; Insulin Receptor (InsR); catalytic (c) domain.
The PTKc family is part of a larger superfamily that
includes the catalytic domains of other kinases such as
protein serine/threonine kinases, RIO kinases, and
phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). PTKs catalyze the
transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to
tyrosine (tyr) residues in protein substrates. InsR is a
receptor tyr kinase (RTK) that is composed of two
alphabeta heterodimers. Binding of the insulin ligand to
the extracellular alpha subunit activates the
intracellular tyr kinase domain of the transmembrane
beta subunit. Receptor activation leads to
autophosphorylation, stimulating downstream kinase
activities, which initiate signaling cascades and
biological function. InsR signaling plays an important
role in many cellular processes including glucose
homeostasis, glycogen synthesis, lipid and protein
metabolism, ion and amino acid transport, cell cycle and
proliferation, cell differentiation, gene transcription,
and nitric oxide synthesis. Insulin resistance, caused
by abnormalities in InsR signaling, has been described
in diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease,
metabolic syndrome, heart failure, and female
infertility.
Length = 288
Score = 46.1 bits (109), Expect = 3e-06
Identities = 19/45 (42%), Positives = 26/45 (57%)
Query: 121 GMTNAEVLHQVEHGYRMPCPPGCPPRLYDIMLECWLKDPVKRPTF 165
G++N +VL V G + P CP R+ D+M CW +P RPTF
Sbjct: 224 GLSNEQVLKFVMDGGYLDQPDNCPERVTDLMRMCWQFNPKMRPTF 268
>gnl|CDD|173635 cd05054, PTKc_VEGFR, Catalytic domain of the Protein Tyrosine
Kinases, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptors.
Protein Tyrosine Kinase (PTK) family; Vascular
Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor (VEGFR) subfamily;
catalytic (c) domain. The VEGFR subfamily consists of
VEGFR1 (Flt1), VEGFR2 (Flk1), VEGFR3 (Flt4), and similar
proteins. The PTKc family is part of a larger
superfamily that includes the catalytic domains of other
kinases such as protein serine/threonine kinases, RIO
kinases, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). PTKs
catalyze the transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group from
ATP to tyrosine (tyr) residues in protein substrates.
VEGFR subfamily members are receptor tyr kinases (RTKs)
containing an extracellular ligand-binding region with
seven immunoglobulin (Ig)-like domains, a transmembrane
segment, and an intracellular catalytic domain. In
VEGFR3, the fifth Ig-like domain is replaced by a
disulfide bridge. The binding of VEGFRs to their
ligands, the VEGFs, leads to receptor dimerization,
activation, and intracellular signaling. There are five
VEGF ligands in mammals, which bind, in an overlapping
pattern to the three VEGFRs, which can form homo or
heterodimers. VEGFRs regulate the cardiovascular system.
They are critical for vascular development during
embryogenesis and blood vessel formation in adults. They
induce cellular functions common to other growth factor
receptors such as cell migration, survival, and
proliferation. VEGFR1 binds VEGFA, VEGFB, and placenta
growth factor (PLGF). It regulates monocyte and
macrophage migration, vascular permeability,
haematopoiesis, and the recruitment of haematopietic
progenitor cells from the bone marrow.
Length = 337
Score = 46.0 bits (109), Expect = 3e-06
Identities = 20/51 (39%), Positives = 27/51 (52%)
Query: 124 NAEVLHQVEHGYRMPCPPGCPPRLYDIMLECWLKDPVKRPTFETLQWKLED 174
+ E +++ G RM P P +Y IML+CW +P RPTF L L D
Sbjct: 282 DEEFCRRLKEGTRMRAPEYATPEIYSIMLDCWHNNPEDRPTFSELVEILGD 332
>gnl|CDD|133233 cd05102, PTKc_VEGFR3, Catalytic domain of the Protein Tyrosine
Kinase, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 3.
Protein Tyrosine Kinase (PTK) family; Vascular
Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 3 (VEGFR3); catalytic
(c) domain. The PTKc family is part of a larger
superfamily that includes the catalytic domains of other
kinases such as protein serine/threonine kinases, RIO
kinases, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). PTKs
catalyze the transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group from
ATP to tyrosine (tyr) residues in protein substrates.
VEGFR3 (or Flt4) is a member of the VEGFR subfamily of
proteins, which are receptor tyr kinases (RTKs)
containing an extracellular ligand-binding region with
seven immunoglobulin (Ig)-like domains, a transmembrane
segment, and an intracellular catalytic domain. In
VEGFR3, the fifth Ig-like domain is replaced by a
disulfide bridge. The binding of VEGFRs to their
ligands, the VEGFs, leads to receptor dimerization,
activation, and intracellular signaling. VEGFR3
preferentially binds the ligands VEGFC and VEGFD. VEGFR3
is essential for lymphatic endothelial cell (EC)
development and function. It has been shown to regulate
adaptive immunity during corneal transplantation. VEGFR3
is upregulated on blood vascular ECs in pathological
conditions such as vascular tumors and the periphery of
solid tumors. It plays a role in cancer progression and
lymph node metastasis. Missense mutations in the VEGFR3
gene are associated with primary human lymphedema.
Length = 338
Score = 45.4 bits (107), Expect = 6e-06
Identities = 21/49 (42%), Positives = 26/49 (53%)
Query: 120 GGMTNAEVLHQVEHGYRMPCPPGCPPRLYDIMLECWLKDPVKRPTFETL 168
G N E +++ G RM P P +Y IML CW DP +RPTF L
Sbjct: 279 GVQINEEFCQRLKDGTRMRAPENATPEIYRIMLACWQGDPKERPTFSAL 327
>gnl|CDD|133240 cd05109, PTKc_HER2, Catalytic domain of the Protein Tyrosine
Kinase, HER2. Protein Tyrosine Kinase (PTK) family;
HER2 (ErbB2, HER2/neu); catalytic (c) domain. The PTKc
family is part of a larger superfamily that includes the
catalytic domains of other kinases such as protein
serine/threonine kinases, RIO kinases, and
phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). PTKs catalyze the
transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to
tyrosine (tyr) residues in protein substrates. HER2 is a
member of the EGFR (HER, ErbB) subfamily of proteins,
which are receptor tyr kinases (RTKs) containing an
extracellular EGF-related ligand-binding region, a
transmembrane helix, and a cytoplasmic region with a tyr
kinase domain and a regulatory C-terminal tail. Unlike
other tyr kinases, phosphorylation of the activation
loop of EGFR proteins is not critical to their
activation. Instead, they are activated by
ligand-induced dimerization, leading to the
phosphorylation of tyr residues in the C-terminal tail,
which serve as binding sites for downstream signaling
molecules. HER2 does not bind to any known EGFR
subfamily ligands, but contributes to the kinase
activity of all possible heterodimers. It acts as the
preferred partner with other ligand-bound EGFR proteins
and functions as a signal amplifier, with the HER2-HER3
heterodimer being the most potent pair in mitogenic
signaling. HER2 plays an important role in cell
development, proliferation, survival and motility.
Overexpression of HER2 results in its activation and
downstream signaling, even in the absence of ligand.
HER2 overexpression, mainly due to gene amplification,
has been shown in a variety of human cancers. Its role
in breast cancer is especially well-documented. HER2 is
up-regulated in about 25% of breast tumors and is
associated with increases in tumor aggressiveness,
recurrence and mortality. HER2 is a target for
monoclonal antibodies and small molecule inhibitors,
which are being developed as treatments for cancer. The
first humanized antibody approved for clinical use is
Trastuzumab (Herceptin), which is being used in
combination with other therapies to improve the survival
rates of patients with HER2-overexpressing breast
cancer.
Length = 279
Score = 45.0 bits (106), Expect = 7e-06
Identities = 21/58 (36%), Positives = 32/58 (55%), Gaps = 3/58 (5%)
Query: 121 GMTNAEVLHQVEHGYRMPCPPGCPPRLYDIMLECWLKDPVKRPTFETLQWKLEDFFTM 178
G+ E+ +E G R+P PP C +Y IM++CW+ D RP F L +++F M
Sbjct: 214 GIPAREIPDLLEKGERLPQPPICTIDVYMIMVKCWMIDSECRPRFREL---VDEFSRM 268
>gnl|CDD|198210 cd10347, SH2_Nterm_shark_like, N-terminal Src homology 2 (SH2)
domain found in SH2 domains, ANK, and kinase domain
(shark) proteins. These non-receptor protein-tyrosine
kinases contain two SH2 domains, five ankyrin
(ANK)-like repeats, and a potential tyrosine
phosphorylation site in the carboxyl-terminal tail
which resembles the phosphorylation site in members of
the src family. Like, mammalian non-receptor
protein-tyrosine kinases, ZAP-70 and syk proteins, they
do not have SH3 domains. However, the presence of ANK
makes these unique among protein-tyrosine kinases. Both
tyrosine kinases and ANK repeats have been shown to
transduce developmental signals, and SH2 domains are
known to participate intimately in tyrosine kinase
signaling. These tyrosine kinases are believed to be
involved in epithelial cell polarity. The members of
this family include the shark (SH2 domains, ANK, and
kinase domain) gene in Drosophila and yellow fever
mosquitos, as well as the hydra protein HTK16.
Drosophila Shark is proposed to transduce
intracellularly the Crumbs, a protein necessary for
proper organization of ectodermal epithelia,
intercellular signal. In general SH2 domains are
involved in signal transduction. They typically bind
pTyr-containing ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr
and hydrophobic binding pocket, allowing proteins with
SH2 domains to localize to tyrosine phosphorylated
sites.
Length = 81
Score = 42.0 bits (99), Expect = 9e-06
Identities = 20/40 (50%), Positives = 22/40 (55%)
Query: 1 WYFGKIKRIEAEKKLLLPENDHGAFLIRDSESRKNDYSLS 40
WY GKI R AE LL G FL+R+S S DY LS
Sbjct: 3 WYHGKISREVAEALLLREGGRDGLFLVRESTSAPGDYVLS 42
>gnl|CDD|198261 cd10398, SH2_Tec_Txk, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in Tec
protein, Txk. A member of the Tec protein tyrosine
kinase Txk is expressed in thymus, spleen, lymph node, T
lymphocytes, NK cells, mast cell lines, and myeloid cell
line. Txk plays a role in TCR signal transduction, T
cell development, and selection which is analogous to
the function of Itk. Txk has been shown to interact with
IFN-gamma. Unlike most of the Tec family members Txk
lacks a PH domain. Instead Txk has a unique region
containing a palmitoylated cysteine string which has a
similar membrane tethering function as the PH domain.
Txk also has a zinc-binding motif, a SH3 domain, a SH2
domain, and a protein kinase catalytic domain. The TH
domain consists of a Zn2+-binding Btk motif and a
proline-rich region. The Btk motif is found in Tec
kinases, Ras GAP, and IGBP and crucial to the function
of the PH domain. It is not present in Txk which is not
surprising since it lacks a PH domain. The type 1 splice
form of the Drosophila homolog also lacks both the PH
domain and the Btk motif. The proline-rich regions are
highly conserved for the most part with the exception of
Bmx whose residues surrounding the PXXP motif are not
conserved (TH-like) and Btk29A which is entirely unique
with large numbers of glycine residues (TH-extended).
Tec family members all lack a C-terminal tyrosine having
an autoinhibitory function in its phosphorylated state.
In general SH2 domains are involved in signal
transduction. They typically bind pTyr-containing
ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic
binding pocket, allowing proteins with SH2 domains to
localize to tyrosine phosphorylated sites.
Length = 106
Score = 42.2 bits (99), Expect = 1e-05
Identities = 29/100 (29%), Positives = 49/100 (49%), Gaps = 13/100 (13%)
Query: 1 WYFGKIKRIEAEKKLLLPENDHGAFLIRDSESRKNDYSLSEYKRSS---------FCLKM 51
WY I R +AE+ LL E+ GAF++RDS Y++S + R+ + +K
Sbjct: 8 WYHKNITRNQAER-LLRQESKEGAFIVRDS-RHLGSYTISVFTRARRSTEASIKHYQIKK 65
Query: 52 TTGRSLFETQKAGRTTIHYPELVEHYSKDADGLCVNLRKP 91
+ ++ +I PEL++++ +A GL LR P
Sbjct: 66 NDSGQWYVAERHLFQSI--PELIQYHQHNAAGLMSRLRYP 103
>gnl|CDD|173655 cd05110, PTKc_HER4, Catalytic domain of the Protein Tyrosine
Kinase, HER4. Protein Tyrosine Kinase (PTK) family;
HER4 (ErbB4); catalytic (c) domain. The PTKc family is
part of a larger superfamily that includes the catalytic
domains of other kinases such as protein
serine/threonine kinases, RIO kinases, and
phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). PTKs catalyze the
transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to
tyrosine (tyr) residues in protein substrates. HER4 is a
member of the EGFR (HER, ErbB) subfamily of proteins,
which are receptor tyr kinases (RTKs) containing an
extracellular EGF-related ligand-binding region, a
transmembrane helix, and a cytoplasmic region with a tyr
kinase domain and a regulatory C-terminal tail. Unlike
other tyr kinases, phosphorylation of the activation
loop of EGFR proteins is not critical to their
activation. Instead, they are activated by
ligand-induced dimerization, leading to the
phosphorylation of tyr residues in the C-terminal tail,
which serve as binding sites for downstream signaling
molecules. Ligands that bind HER4 fall into two groups,
the neuregulins (or heregulins) and some EGFR (HER1)
ligands including betacellulin, HBEGF, and epiregulin.
All four neuregulins (NRG1-4) interact with HER4. Upon
ligand binding, HER4 forms homo- or heterodimers with
other HER proteins. HER4 is essential in embryonic
development. It is implicated in mammary gland, cardiac,
and neural development. As a postsynaptic receptor of
NRG1, HER4 plays an important role in synaptic
plasticity and maturation. The impairment of NRG1/HER4
signaling may contribute to schizophrenia.
Length = 303
Score = 43.9 bits (103), Expect = 2e-05
Identities = 18/48 (37%), Positives = 28/48 (58%)
Query: 121 GMTNAEVLHQVEHGYRMPCPPGCPPRLYDIMLECWLKDPVKRPTFETL 168
G+ E+ +E G R+P PP C +Y +M++CW+ D RP F+ L
Sbjct: 214 GIPTREIPDLLEKGERLPQPPICTIDVYMVMVKCWMIDADSRPKFKEL 261
>gnl|CDD|173651 cd05095, PTKc_DDR2, Catalytic domain of the Protein Tyrosine
Kinase, Discoidin Domain Receptor 2. Protein Tyrosine
Kinase (PTK) family; mammalian Discoidin Domain Receptor
2 (DDR2) and homologs; catalytic (c) domain. The PTKc
family is part of a larger superfamily that includes the
catalytic domains of other kinases such as protein
serine/threonine kinases, RIO kinases, and
phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). PTKs catalyze the
transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to
tyrosine (tyr) residues in protein substrates. DDR2 is a
member of the DDR subfamily, which are receptor tyr
kinases (RTKs) containing an extracellular discoidin
homology domain, a transmembrane segment, an extended
juxtamembrane region, and an intracellular catalytic
domain. The binding of the ligand, collagen, to DDRs
results in a slow but sustained receptor activation.
DDR2 binds mostly to fibrillar collagens. More recently,
it has been reported to also bind collagen X. DDR2 is
widely expressed in many tissues with the highest levels
found in skeletal muscle, skin, kidney and lung. It is
important in cell proliferation and development. Mice,
with a deletion of DDR2, suffer from dwarfism and
delayed healing of epidermal wounds. DDR2 also
contributes to collagen (type I) regulation by
inhibiting fibrillogenesis and altering the morphology
of collagen fibers. It is also expressed in immature
dendritic cells (DCs), where it plays a role in DC
activation and function.
Length = 296
Score = 43.7 bits (103), Expect = 2e-05
Identities = 14/36 (38%), Positives = 22/36 (61%)
Query: 137 MPCPPGCPPRLYDIMLECWLKDPVKRPTFETLQWKL 172
+P P CP LY +ML CW ++ +RP+F+ + L
Sbjct: 259 LPKPALCPDSLYKLMLSCWRRNAKERPSFQEIHATL 294
>gnl|CDD|198217 cd10354, SH2_Cterm_RasGAP, C-terminal Src homology 2 (SH2) domain
found in Ras GTPase-activating protein 1 (GAP). RasGAP
is part of the GAP1 family of GTPase-activating
proteins. The protein is located in the cytoplasm and
stimulates the GTPase activity of normal RAS p21, but
not its oncogenic counterpart. Acting as a suppressor
of RAS function, the protein enhances the weak
intrinsic GTPase activity of RAS proteins resulting in
RAS inactivation, thereby allowing control of cellular
proliferation and differentiation. Mutations leading to
changes in the binding sites of either protein are
associated with basal cell carcinomas. Alternative
splicing results in two isoforms. The shorter isoform
which lacks the N-terminal hydrophobic region, has the
same activity, and is expressed in placental tissues.
In general longer isoform contains 2 SH2 domains, a SH3
domain, a pleckstrin homology (PH) domain, and a
calcium-dependent phospholipid-binding C2 domain. The
C-terminus contains the catalytic domain of RasGap
which catalyzes the activation of Ras by hydrolyzing
GTP-bound active Ras into an inactive GDP-bound form of
Ras. This model contains the C-terminal SH2 domain. In
general SH2 domains are involved in signal
transduction. They typically bind pTyr-containing
ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic
binding pocket, allowing proteins with SH2 domains to
localize to tyrosine phosphorylated sites.
Length = 77
Score = 40.9 bits (96), Expect = 2e-05
Identities = 18/40 (45%), Positives = 26/40 (65%), Gaps = 1/40 (2%)
Query: 1 WYFGKIKRIEAEKKLLLPENDHGAFLIRDSESRKNDYSLS 40
W+ GKI R EA +L+ G+FL+R+S++ DYSLS
Sbjct: 2 WFHGKISREEAYN-MLVKVGGPGSFLVRESDNTPGDYSLS 40
>gnl|CDD|133234 cd05103, PTKc_VEGFR2, Catalytic domain of the Protein Tyrosine
Kinase, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 2.
Protein Tyrosine Kinase (PTK) family; Vascular
Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 2 (VEGFR2); catalytic
(c) domain. The PTKc family is part of a larger
superfamily that includes the catalytic domains of other
kinases such as protein serine/threonine kinases, RIO
kinases, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). PTKs
catalyze the transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group from
ATP to tyrosine (tyr) residues in protein substrates.
VEGFR2 (or Flk1) is a member of the VEGFR subfamily of
proteins, which are receptor tyr kinases (RTKs)
containing an extracellular ligand-binding region with
seven immunoglobulin (Ig)-like domains, a transmembrane
segment, and an intracellular catalytic domain. The
binding of VEGFRs to their ligands, the VEGFs, leads to
receptor dimerization, activation, and intracellular
signaling. The carboxyl terminus of VEGFR2 plays an
important role in its autophosphorylation and
activation. VEGFR2 binds the ligands VEGFA, VEGFC, VEGFD
and VEGFE. VEGFR2 signaling is implicated in all aspects
of normal and pathological vascular endothelial cell
biology. It induces a variety of cellular effects
including migration, survival, and proliferation. It is
critical in regulating embryonic vascular development
and angiogenesis. VEGFR2 is the major signal transducer
in pathological angiogenesis including cancer and
diabetic retinopathy, and is a target for inhibition in
cancer therapy.
Length = 343
Score = 43.5 bits (102), Expect = 2e-05
Identities = 18/53 (33%), Positives = 27/53 (50%)
Query: 124 NAEVLHQVEHGYRMPCPPGCPPRLYDIMLECWLKDPVKRPTFETLQWKLEDFF 176
+ E +++ G RM P P +Y ML+CW +P +RPTF L L +
Sbjct: 288 DEEFCRRLKEGTRMRAPDYTTPEMYQTMLDCWHGEPSQRPTFSELVEHLGNLL 340
>gnl|CDD|133243 cd05112, PTKc_Itk, Catalytic domain of the Protein Tyrosine Kinase,
Interleukin-2-inducible T-cell Kinase. Protein Tyrosine
Kinase (PTK) family; Interleukin-2 (IL-2)-inducible
T-cell kinase (Itk); catalytic (c) domain. The PTKc
family is part of a larger superfamily that includes the
catalytic domains of other kinases such as protein
serine/threonine kinases, RIO kinases, and
phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). PTKs catalyze the
transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to
tyrosine (tyr) residues in protein substrates. Itk (also
known as Tsk or Emt) is a member of the Tec subfamily of
proteins, which are cytoplasmic (or nonreceptor) tyr
kinases with similarity to Src kinases in that they
contain Src homology protein interaction domains (SH3,
SH2) N-terminal to the catalytic tyr kinase domain.
Unlike Src kinases, most Tec subfamily members (except
Rlk) also contain an N-terminal pleckstrin homology (PH)
domain, which binds the products of PI3K and allows
membrane recruitment and activation. In addition, Itk
contains the Tec homology (TH) domain containing one
proline-rich region and a zinc-binding region. Tec
kinases are expressed mainly by haematopoietic cells.
Itk is expressed in T-cells and mast cells, and is
important in their development and differentiation. Of
the three Tec kinases expressed in T-cells, Itk plays
the predominant role in T-cell receptor (TCR) signaling.
It is activated by phosphorylation upon TCR crosslinking
and is involved in the pathway resulting in
phospholipase C-gamma1 activation and actin
polymerization. It also plays a role in the downstream
signaling of the T-cell costimulatory receptor CD28, the
T-cell surface receptor CD2, and the chemokine receptor
CXCR4. In addition, Itk is crucial for the development
of T-helper(Th)2 effector responses.
Length = 256
Score = 43.0 bits (101), Expect = 3e-05
Identities = 16/50 (32%), Positives = 28/50 (56%)
Query: 123 TNAEVLHQVEHGYRMPCPPGCPPRLYDIMLECWLKDPVKRPTFETLQWKL 172
+N+EV+ + G+R+ P +Y++M CW + P RP+F L +L
Sbjct: 206 SNSEVVETINAGFRLYKPRLASQSVYELMQHCWKERPEDRPSFSLLLHQL 255
>gnl|CDD|133193 cd05062, PTKc_IGF-1R, Catalytic domain of the Protein Tyrosine
Kinase, Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 Receptor. Protein
Tyrosine Kinase (PTK) family; Insulin-like Growth
Factor-1 Receptor (IGF-1R); catalytic (c) domain. The
PTKc family is part of a larger superfamily that
includes the catalytic domains of other kinases such as
protein serine/threonine kinases, RIO kinases, and
phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). PTKs catalyze the
transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to
tyrosine (tyr) residues in protein substrates. IGF-1R is
a receptor tyr kinases (RTK) that is composed of two
alphabeta heterodimers. Binding of the ligand (IGF-1 or
IGF-2) to the extracellular alpha subunit activates the
intracellular tyr kinase domain of the transmembrane
beta subunit. Receptor activation leads to
autophosphorylation, which stimulates downstream kinase
activities and biological function. IGF-1R signaling is
important in the differentiation, growth, and survival
of normal cells. In cancer cells, where it is frequently
overexpressed, IGF-1R is implicated in proliferation,
the suppression of apoptosis, invasion, and metastasis.
IGF-1R is being developed as a therapeutic target in
cancer treatment.
Length = 277
Score = 43.1 bits (101), Expect = 3e-05
Identities = 18/45 (40%), Positives = 26/45 (57%)
Query: 121 GMTNAEVLHQVEHGYRMPCPPGCPPRLYDIMLECWLKDPVKRPTF 165
GM+N +VL V G + P CP L+++M CW +P RP+F
Sbjct: 224 GMSNEQVLRFVMEGGLLDKPDNCPDMLFELMRMCWQYNPKMRPSF 268
>gnl|CDD|133232 cd05101, PTKc_FGFR2, Catalytic domain of the Protein Tyrosine
Kinase, Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 2. Protein
Tyrosine Kinase (PTK) family; Fibroblast Growth Factor
Receptor 2 (FGFR2); catalytic (c) domain. The PTKc
family is part of a larger superfamily that includes the
catalytic domains of other kinases such as protein
serine/threonine kinases, RIO kinases, and
phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). PTKs catalyze the
transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to
tyrosine (tyr) residues in protein substrates. FGFR2 is
part of the FGFR subfamily, which are receptor tyr
kinases (RTKs) containing an extracellular
ligand-binding region with three immunoglobulin-like
domains, a transmembrane segment, and an intracellular
catalytic domain. The binding of FGFRs to their ligands,
the FGFs, results in receptor dimerization and
activation, and intracellular signaling. The binding of
FGFs to FGFRs is promiscuous, in that a receptor may be
activated by several ligands and a ligand may bind to
more that one type of receptor. There are many splice
variants of FGFR2 which show differential expression and
binding to FGF ligands. Disruption of either FGFR2 or
FGFR2b is lethal in mice, due to defects in the placenta
or severe impairment of tissue development including
lung, limb, and thyroid, respectively. Disruption of
FGFR2c in mice results in defective bone and skull
development. Genetic alterations of FGFR2 are associated
with many human skeletal disorders including Apert
syndrome, Crouzon syndrome, Jackson-Weiss syndrome, and
Pfeiffer syndrome.
Length = 304
Score = 42.7 bits (100), Expect = 3e-05
Identities = 20/58 (34%), Positives = 30/58 (51%)
Query: 121 GMTNAEVLHQVEHGYRMPCPPGCPPRLYDIMLECWLKDPVKRPTFETLQWKLEDFFTM 178
G+ E+ ++ G+RM P C LY +M +CW P RPTF+ L L+ T+
Sbjct: 242 GIPVEELFKLLKEGHRMDKPANCTNELYMMMRDCWHAIPSHRPTFKQLVEDLDRILTL 299
>gnl|CDD|198272 cd10409, SH2_Nck2, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in Nck. Nck
proteins are adaptors that modulate actin cytoskeleton
dynamics by linking proline-rich effector molecules to
tyrosine kinases or phosphorylated signaling
intermediates. There are two members known in this
family: Nck1 (Nckalpha) and Nck2 (Nckbeta and Growth
factor receptor-bound protein 4 (Grb4)). They are
characterized by having 3 SH3 domains and a C-terminal
SH2 domain. Nck1 and Nck2 have overlapping functions as
determined by gene knockouts. Both bind receptor
tyrosine kinases and other tyrosine-phosphorylated
proteins through their SH2 domains. In addition they
also bind distinct targets. Neuronal signaling
proteins: EphrinB1, EphrinB2, and Disabled-1 (Dab-1)
all bind to Nck-2 exclusively. And in the case of
PDGFR, Tyr(P)751 binds to Nck1 while Tyr(P)1009 binds
to Nck2. Nck1 and Nck2 have a role in the infection
process of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC).
Their SH3 domains are involved in recruiting and
activating the N-WASP/Arp2/3 complex inducing actin
polymerization resulting in the production of
pedestals, dynamic bacteria-presenting protrusions of
the plasma membrane. A similar thing occurs in the
vaccinia virus where motile plasma membrane projections
are formed beneath the virus. Recently it has been
shown that the SH2 domains of both Nck1 and Nck2 bind
the G-protein coupled receptor kinase-interacting
protein 1 (GIT1) in a phosphorylation-dependent manner.
In general SH2 domains are involved in signal
transduction. They typically bind pTyr-containing
ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic
binding pocket, allowing proteins with SH2 domains to
localize to tyrosine phosphorylated sites.
Length = 98
Score = 40.4 bits (94), Expect = 4e-05
Identities = 32/89 (35%), Positives = 42/89 (47%), Gaps = 22/89 (24%)
Query: 1 WYFGKIKRIEAEKKLLLPENDHGA---FLIRDSESRKNDYSLSEYKRSSFCLKMTTGRSL 57
WY+G + R +AE L N+ G FLIRDSES +D+S+S LK
Sbjct: 3 WYYGNVTRHQAECAL----NERGVEGDFLIRDSESSPSDFSVS--------LKAVGKNKH 50
Query: 58 FETQKA------GRTTIH-YPELVEHYSK 79
F+ Q G+ + ELVEHY K
Sbjct: 51 FKVQLVDNVYCIGQRRFNSMDELVEHYKK 79
>gnl|CDD|198254 cd10391, SH2_SHE, Src homology 2 domain found in SH2
domain-containing adapter protein E (SHE). SHE is
expressed in heart, lung, brain, and skeletal muscle.
SHE contains two pTry protein binding domains, protein
interaction domain (PID) and a SH2 domain, followed by
a glycine-proline rich region, all of which are
N-terminal to the phosphotyrosine binding (PTB) domain.
In general SH2 domains are involved in signal
transduction. They typically bind pTyr-containing
ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic
binding pocket, allowing proteins with SH2 domains to
localize to tyrosine phosphorylated sites.
Length = 98
Score = 40.3 bits (94), Expect = 4e-05
Identities = 25/81 (30%), Positives = 40/81 (49%), Gaps = 6/81 (7%)
Query: 1 WYFGKIKRIEAEKKLLLPENDHGAFLIRDSESRKNDYSLSEYKRSSFCLKM---TTGRSL 57
WY G I R EAE +L ++L+R+SES + YS++ K S C+ + T +
Sbjct: 3 WYHGSISRAEAESRL--QPCKEASYLVRNSESGNSKYSIA-LKTSQGCVHIIVAQTKDNK 59
Query: 58 FETQKAGRTTIHYPELVEHYS 78
+ + PE+V +YS
Sbjct: 60 YTLNQTSAVFDSIPEVVHYYS 80
>gnl|CDD|133228 cd05097, PTKc_DDR_like, Catalytic domain of Discoidin Domain
Receptor-like Protein Tyrosine Kinases. Protein
Tyrosine Kinase (PTK) family; Discoidin Domain Receptor
(DDR)-like proteins; catalytic (c) domain. The PTKc
family is part of a larger superfamily that includes the
catalytic domains of other kinases such as protein
serine/threonine kinases, RIO kinases, and
phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). PTKs catalyze the
transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to
tyrosine (tyr) residues in protein substrates. DDR-like
proteins are members of the DDR subfamily, which are
receptor tyr kinases (RTKs) containing an extracellular
discoidin homology domain, a transmembrane segment, an
extended juxtamembrane region, and an intracellular
catalytic domain. The binding of the ligand, collagen,
to DDRs results in a slow but sustained receptor
activation. DDRs regulate cell adhesion, proliferation,
and extracellular matrix remodeling. They have been
linked to a variety of human cancers including breast,
colon, ovarian, brain, and lung. There is no evidence
showing that DDRs act as transforming oncogenes. They
are more likely to play a role in the regulation of
tumor growth and metastasis.
Length = 295
Score = 42.3 bits (99), Expect = 5e-05
Identities = 11/30 (36%), Positives = 17/30 (56%)
Query: 140 PPGCPPRLYDIMLECWLKDPVKRPTFETLQ 169
P CP ++ +M+ CW +D RPTF +
Sbjct: 261 TPLCPSPVFKLMMRCWSRDIKDRPTFNKIH 290
>gnl|CDD|198203 cd10340, SH2_N-SH2_SHP_like, N-terminal Src homology 2 (N-SH2)
domain found in SH2 domain Phosphatases (SHP) proteins.
The SH2 domain phosphatases (SHP-1, SHP-2/Syp,
Drosophila corkscrew (csw), and Caenorhabditis elegans
Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase (Ptp-2)) are cytoplasmic
signaling enzymes. They are both targeted and regulated
by interactions of their SH2 domains with
phosphotyrosine docking sites. These proteins contain
two SH2 domains (N-SH2, C-SH2) followed by a tyrosine
phosphatase (PTP) domain, and a C-terminal extension.
Shp1 and Shp2 have two tyrosyl phosphorylation sites in
their C-tails, which are phosphorylated differentially
by receptor and nonreceptor PTKs. Csw retains the
proximal tyrosine and Ptp-2 lacks both sites.
Shp-binding proteins include receptors, scaffolding
adapters, and inhibitory receptors. Some of these bind
both Shp1 and Shp2 while others bind only one. Most
proteins that bind a Shp SH2 domain contain one or more
immuno-receptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs
(ITIMs): [IVL]xpYxx[IVL]. Shp1 N-SH2 domain blocks the
catalytic domain and keeps the enzyme in the inactive
conformation, and is thus believed to regulate the
phosphatase activity of SHP-1. Its C-SH2 domain is
thought to be involved in searching for phosphotyrosine
activators. The SHP2 N-SH2 domain is a conformational
switch; it either binds and inhibits the phosphatase,
or it binds phosphoproteins and activates the enzyme.
The C-SH2 domain contributes binding energy and
specificity, but it does not have a direct role in
activation. Csw SH2 domain function is essential, but
either SH2 domain can fulfill this requirement. The
role of the csw SH2 domains during Sevenless receptor
tyrosine kinase (SEV) signaling is to bind Daughter of
Sevenless rather than activated SEV. Ptp-2 acts in
oocytes downstream of sheath/oocyte gap junctions to
promote major sperm protein (MSP)-induced MAP Kinase
(MPK-1) phosphorylation. Ptp-2 functions in the oocyte
cytoplasm, not at the cell surface to inhibit multiple
RasGAPs, resulting in sustained Ras activation. It is
thought that MSP triggers PTP-2/Ras activation and ROS
production to stimulate MPK-1 activity essential for
oocyte maturation and that secreted MSP domains and
Cu/Zn superoxide dismutases function antagonistically
to control ROS and MAPK signaling. In general SH2
domains are involved in signal transduction. They
typically bind pTyr-containing ligands via two surface
pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic binding pocket,
allowing proteins with SH2 domains to localize to
tyrosine phosphorylated sites.
Length = 99
Score = 40.5 bits (95), Expect = 5e-05
Identities = 26/98 (26%), Positives = 43/98 (43%), Gaps = 9/98 (9%)
Query: 1 WYFGKIKRIEAEKKLLLPENDHGAFLIRDSESRKNDYSLSEYKRSSFC-LKMTTGRSLFE 59
W+ I IEAE LL G+FL R S+S D++LS + +K+ ++
Sbjct: 2 WFHPVISGIEAEN-LLKTRGVDGSFLARPSKSNPGDFTLSVRRGDEVTHIKIQNTGDYYD 60
Query: 60 TQKAGRTTIHYPELVEHYS------KDADGLCVNLRKP 91
G ELV++Y ++ +G + L+ P
Sbjct: 61 LY-GGEKFATLSELVQYYMEQHGQLREKNGDVIELKYP 97
>gnl|CDD|173658 cd05114, PTKc_Tec_Rlk, Catalytic domain of the Protein Tyrosine
Kinases, Tyrosine kinase expressed in hepatocellular
carcinoma and Resting lymphocyte kinase. Protein
Tyrosine Kinase (PTK) family; Tyrosine kinase expressed
in hepatocellular carcinoma (Tec) and Resting lymphocyte
kinase (Rlk); catalytic (c) domain. The PTKc family is
part of a larger superfamily, that includes the
catalytic domains of other kinases such as protein
serine/threonine kinases, RIO kinases, and
phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). PTKs catalyze the
transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to
tyrosine (tyr) residues in protein substrates. Tec and
Rlk (also named Txk) are members of the Tec subfamily of
proteins, which are cytoplasmic (or nonreceptor) tyr
kinases with similarity to Src kinases in that they
contain Src homology protein interaction domains (SH3,
SH2) N-terminal to the catalytic tyr kinase domain.
Unlike Src kinases, most Tec subfamily members (except
Rlk) also contain an N-terminal pleckstrin homology (PH)
domain, which binds the products of PI3K and allows
membrane recruitment and activation. Instead of PH, Rlk
contains an N-terminal cysteine-rich region. In addition
to PH, Tec also contains the Tec homology (TH) domain
with proline-rich and zinc-binding regions. Tec kinases
are expressed mainly by haematopoietic cells. Tec is
more widely-expressed than other Tec subfamily kinases.
It is found in endothelial cells, both B- and T-cells,
and a variety of myeloid cells including mast cells,
erythroid cells, platelets, macrophages and neutrophils.
Rlk is expressed in T-cells and mast cell lines. Tec and
Rlk are both key components of T-cell receptor (TCR)
signaling. They are important in TCR-stimulated
proliferation, IL-2 production and phopholipase C-gamma1
activation.
Length = 256
Score = 42.1 bits (99), Expect = 6e-05
Identities = 22/65 (33%), Positives = 33/65 (50%), Gaps = 6/65 (9%)
Query: 109 GVVVSAVDFGSGGM-----TNAEVLHQVEHGYRMPCPPGCPPRLYDIMLECWLKDPVKRP 163
GV++ V F G M +N EV+ + G+R+ P +Y++M CW + P RP
Sbjct: 188 GVLMWEV-FTEGKMPFEKKSNYEVVEMISRGFRLYRPKLASMTVYEVMYSCWHEKPEGRP 246
Query: 164 TFETL 168
TF L
Sbjct: 247 TFAEL 251
>gnl|CDD|199829 cd10341, SH2_N-SH2_PLC_gamma_like, N-terminal Src homology 2
(N-SH2) domain in Phospholipase C gamma. Phospholipase
C gamma is a signaling molecule that is recruited to
the C-terminal tail of the receptor upon
autophosphorylation of a highly conserved tyrosine.
PLCgamma is composed of a Pleckstrin homology (PH)
domain followed by an elongation factor (EF) domain, 2
catalytic regions of PLC domains that flank 2 tandem
SH2 domains (N-SH2, C-SH2), and ending with a SH3
domain and C2 domain. N-SH2 SH2 domain-mediated
interactions represent a crucial step in transmembrane
signaling by receptor tyrosine kinases. SH2 domains
recognize phosphotyrosine (pY) in the context of
particular sequence motifs in receptor phosphorylation
sites. Both N-SH2 and C-SH2 have a very similar binding
affinity to pY. But in growth factor stimulated cells
these domains bind to different target proteins. N-SH2
binds to pY containing sites in the C-terminal tails of
tyrosine kinases and other receptors. Recently it has
been shown that this interaction is mediated by
phosphorylation-independent interactions between a
secondary binding site found exclusively on the N-SH2
domain and a region of the FGFR1 tyrosine kinase
domain. This secondary site on the SH2 cooperates with
the canonical pY site to regulate selectivity in
mediating a specific cellular process. C-SH2 binds to
an intramolecular site on PLCgamma itself which allows
it to hydrolyze phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate
into diacylglycerol and inositol triphosphate. These
then activate protein kinase C and release calcium. In
general SH2 domains are involved in signal
transduction. They typically bind pTyr-containing
ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic
binding pocket, allowing proteins with SH2 domains to
localize to tyrosine phosphorylated sites.
Length = 99
Score = 40.0 bits (94), Expect = 6e-05
Identities = 21/43 (48%), Positives = 27/43 (62%), Gaps = 3/43 (6%)
Query: 1 WYFGKIK--RIEAEKKLL-LPENDHGAFLIRDSESRKNDYSLS 40
W+ GK+ R EAEK LL E G FL+R+SE+ DY+LS
Sbjct: 6 WFHGKLGDGRDEAEKLLLEYCEGGDGTFLVRESETFVGDYTLS 48
>gnl|CDD|133227 cd05096, PTKc_DDR1, Catalytic domain of the Protein Tyrosine
Kinase, Discoidin Domain Receptor 1. Protein Tyrosine
Kinase (PTK) family; mammalian Discoidin Domain Receptor
1 (DDR1) and homologs; catalytic (c) domain. The PTKc
family is part of a larger superfamily that includes the
catalytic domains of other kinases such as protein
serine/threonine kinases, RIO kinases, and
phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). PTKs catalyze the
transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to
tyrosine (tyr) residues in protein substrates. DDR1 is a
member of the DDR subfamily, which are receptor tyr
kinases (RTKs) containing an extracellular discoidin
homology domain, a transmembrane segment, an extended
juxtamembrane region, and an intracellular catalytic
domain. The binding of the ligand, collagen, to DDRs
results in a slow but sustained receptor activation.
DDR1 binds to all collagens tested to date (types I-IV).
It is widely expressed in many tissues. It is abundant
in the brain and is also found in keratinocytes, colonic
mucosa epithelium, lung epithelium, thyroid follicles,
and the islets of Langerhans. During embryonic
development, it is found in the developing
neuroectoderm. DDR1 is a key regulator of cell
morphogenesis, differentiation and proliferation. It is
important in the development of the mammary gland, the
vasculator and the kidney. DDR1 is also found in human
leukocytes, where it facilitates cell adhesion,
migration, maturation, and cytokine production.
Length = 304
Score = 41.8 bits (98), Expect = 7e-05
Identities = 14/30 (46%), Positives = 21/30 (70%)
Query: 140 PPGCPPRLYDIMLECWLKDPVKRPTFETLQ 169
PP CP LY++ML+CW +D +RP+F +
Sbjct: 270 PPPCPQGLYELMLQCWSRDCRERPSFSDIH 299
>gnl|CDD|133229 cd05098, PTKc_FGFR1, Catalytic domain of the Protein Tyrosine
Kinase, Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 1. Protein
Tyrosine Kinase (PTK) family; Fibroblast Growth Factor
Receptor 1 (FGFR1); catalytic (c) domain. The PTKc
family is part of a larger superfamily that includes the
catalytic domains of other kinases such as protein
serine/threonine kinases, RIO kinases, and
phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). PTKs catalyze the
transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to
tyrosine (tyr) residues in protein substrates. FGFR1 is
part of the FGFR subfamily, which are receptor tyr
kinases (RTKs) containing an extracellular
ligand-binding region with three immunoglobulin-like
domains, a transmembrane segment, and an intracellular
catalytic domain. The binding of FGFRs to their ligands,
the FGFs, results in receptor dimerization and
activation, and intracellular signaling. The binding of
FGFs to FGFRs is promiscuous, in that a receptor may be
activated by several ligands and a ligand may bind to
more that one type of receptor. Alternative splicing of
FGFR1 transcripts produces a variety of isoforms, which
are differentially expressed in cells. FGFR1 binds the
ligands, FGF1 and FGF2, with high affinity and has also
been reported to bind FGF4, FGF6, and FGF9. FGFR1
signaling is critical in the control of cell migration
during embryo development. It promotes cell
proliferation in fibroblasts. Nuclear FGFR1 plays a role
in the regulation of transcription. Mutations,
insertions or deletions of FGFR1 have been identified in
patients with Kallman's syndrome (KS), an inherited
disorder characterized by hypogonadotropic hypogonadism
and loss of olfaction. Aberrant FGFR1 expression has
been found in some human cancers including 8P11
myeloproliferative syndrome (EMS), breast cancer, and
pancreatic adenocarcinoma.
Length = 307
Score = 41.9 bits (98), Expect = 7e-05
Identities = 19/58 (32%), Positives = 30/58 (51%)
Query: 121 GMTNAEVLHQVEHGYRMPCPPGCPPRLYDIMLECWLKDPVKRPTFETLQWKLEDFFTM 178
G+ E+ ++ G+RM P C LY +M +CW P +RPTF+ L L+ +
Sbjct: 245 GVPVEELFKLLKEGHRMDKPSNCTNELYMMMRDCWHAVPSQRPTFKQLVEDLDRILAL 302
>gnl|CDD|173657 cd05113, PTKc_Btk_Bmx, Catalytic domain of the Protein Tyrosine
Kinases, Bruton's tyrosine kinase and Bone marrow kinase
on the X chromosome. Protein Tyrosine Kinase (PTK)
family; Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk) and Bone marrow
kinase on the X chromosome (Bmx); catalytic (c) domain.
The PTKc family is part of a larger superfamily that
includes the catalytic domains of other kinases such as
protein serine/threonine kinases, RIO kinases, and
phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). PTKs catalyze the
transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to
tyrosine (tyr) residues in protein substrates. Btk and
Bmx (also named Etk) are members of the Tec subfamily of
proteins, which are cytoplasmic (or nonreceptor) tyr
kinases with similarity to Src kinases in that they
contain Src homology protein interaction domains (SH3,
SH2) N-terminal to the catalytic tyr kinase domain.
Unlike Src kinases, most Tec subfamily members (except
Rlk) also contain an N-terminal pleckstrin homology (PH)
domain, which binds the products of PI3K and allows
membrane recruitment and activation. In addition, Btk
contains the Tec homology (TH) domain with proline-rich
and zinc-binding regions. Tec kinases are expressed
mainly by haematopoietic cells. Btk is expressed in
B-cells, and a variety of myeloid cells including mast
cells, platelets, neutrophils, and dendrictic cells. It
interacts with a variety of partners, from cytosolic
proteins to nuclear transcription factors, suggesting a
diversity of functions. Stimulation of a diverse array
of cell surface receptors, including antigen engagement
of the B-cell receptor (BCR), leads to PH-mediated
membrane translocation of Btk and subsequent
phosphorylation by Src kinase and activation. Btk plays
an important role in the life cycle of B-cells including
their development, differentiation, proliferation,
survival, and apoptosis. Mutations in Btk cause the
primary immunodeficiency disease, X-linked
agammaglobulinaemia (XLA) in humans. Bmx is primarily
expressed in bone marrow and the arterial endothelium,
and plays an important role in ischemia-induced
angiogenesis. It facilitates arterial growth, capillary
formation, vessel maturation, and bone marrow-derived
endothelial progenitor cell mobilization.
Length = 256
Score = 41.8 bits (98), Expect = 8e-05
Identities = 16/47 (34%), Positives = 25/47 (53%)
Query: 122 MTNAEVLHQVEHGYRMPCPPGCPPRLYDIMLECWLKDPVKRPTFETL 168
N+E + +V G R+ P ++Y IM CW + +RPTF+ L
Sbjct: 205 FNNSETVEKVSQGLRLYRPHLASEKVYAIMYSCWHEKAEERPTFQQL 251
>gnl|CDD|198221 cd10358, SH2_PTK6_Brk, Src homology 2 domain found in
protein-tyrosine kinase-6 (PTK6) which is also known as
breast tumor kinase (Brk). Human protein-tyrosine
kinase-6 (PTK6, also known as breast tumor kinase
(Brk)) is a member of the non-receptor protein-tyrosine
kinase family and is expressed in two-thirds of all
breast tumors. PTK6 (9). PTK6 contains a SH3 domain, a
SH2 domain, and catalytic domains. For the case of the
non-receptor protein-tyrosine kinases, the SH2 domain
is typically involved in negative regulation of kinase
activity by binding to a phosphorylated tyrosine
residue near to the C terminus. The C-terminal sequence
of PTK6 (PTSpYENPT where pY is phosphotyrosine) is
thought to be a self-ligand for the SH2 domain. The
structure of the SH2 domain resembles other SH2 domains
except for a centrally located four-stranded
antiparallel beta-sheet (strands betaA, betaB, betaC,
and betaD). There are also differences in the loop
length which might be responsible for PTK6 ligand
specificity. There are two possible means of regulation
of PTK6: autoinhibitory with the phosphorylation of Tyr
playing a role in its negative regulation and
autophosphorylation at this site, though it has been
shown that PTK6 might phosphorylate signal
transduction-associated proteins Sam68 and signal
transducing adaptor family member 2 (STAP/BKS) in vivo.
In general SH2 domains are involved in signal
transduction. They typically bind pTyr-containing
ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic
binding pocket, allowing proteins with SH2 domains to
localize to tyrosine phosphorylated sites.
Length = 100
Score = 39.7 bits (92), Expect = 8e-05
Identities = 21/40 (52%), Positives = 24/40 (60%)
Query: 1 WYFGKIKRIEAEKKLLLPENDHGAFLIRDSESRKNDYSLS 40
W+FG I R EA ++L N GAFLIR SE DY LS
Sbjct: 4 WFFGCISRSEAVRRLQAEGNATGAFLIRVSEKPSADYVLS 43
>gnl|CDD|173656 cd05111, PTK_HER3, Pseudokinase domain of the Protein Tyrosine
Kinase, HER3. Protein Tyrosine Kinase (PTK) family;
HER3 (ErbB3); pseudokinase domain. The PTKc (catalytic
domain) family to which this subfamily belongs, is part
of a larger superfamily that includes the catalytic
domains of other kinases such as protein
serine/threonine kinases, RIO kinases, and
phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). PTKs catalyze the
transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to
tyrosine (tyr) residues in protein substrates. HER3 is a
member of the EGFR (HER, ErbB) subfamily of proteins,
which are receptor tyr kinases (RTKs) containing an
extracellular EGF-related ligand-binding region, a
transmembrane helix, and a cytoplasmic region with a tyr
kinase domain and a regulatory C-terminal tail. Unlike
other tyr kinases, phosphorylation of the activation
loop of EGFR proteins is not critical to their
activation. Instead, they are activated by
ligand-induced dimerization, leading to the
phosphorylation of tyr residues in the C-terminal tail,
which serve as binding sites for downstream signaling
molecules. HER3 binds the neuregulin ligands, NRG1 and
NRG2. HER3 contains an impaired tyr kinase domain and
relies on its heterodimerization partners for activity
following ligand binding. The HER2-HER3 heterodimer
constitutes a high affinity co-receptor capable of
potent mitogenic signaling. HER3 participates in a
signaling pathway involved in the proliferation,
survival, adhesion, and motility of tumor cells.
Length = 279
Score = 41.5 bits (97), Expect = 1e-04
Identities = 19/48 (39%), Positives = 27/48 (56%)
Query: 121 GMTNAEVLHQVEHGYRMPCPPGCPPRLYDIMLECWLKDPVKRPTFETL 168
GM EV +E G R+ P C +Y +M++CW+ D RPTF+ L
Sbjct: 214 GMRPHEVPDLLEKGERLAQPQICTIDVYMVMVKCWMIDENVRPTFKEL 261
>gnl|CDD|198197 cd09944, SH2_Grb7_family, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in the
growth factor receptor bound, subclass 7 (Grb7)
proteins. The Grb family binds to the epidermal growth
factor receptor (EGFR, erbB1) via their SH2 domains.
There are 3 members of the Grb7 family of proteins:
Grb7, Grb10, and Grb14. They are composed of an
N-terminal Proline-rich domain, a Ras Associating-like
(RA) domain, a Pleckstrin Homology (PH) domain, a
phosphotyrosine interaction region (PIR, BPS) and a
C-terminal SH2 domain. The SH2 domains of Grb7, Grb10
and Grb14 preferentially bind to a different RTK. Grb7
binds strongly to the erbB2 receptor, unlike Grb10 and
Grb14 which bind weakly to it. Grb14 binds to Fibroblast
Growth Factor Receptor (FGFR). Grb10 has been shown to
interact with many different proteins, including the
insulin and IGF1 receptors, platelet-derived growth
factor (PDGF) receptor-beta, Ret, Kit, Raf1 and MEK1,
and Nedd4. Grb7 family proteins are phosphorylated on
serine/threonine as well as tyrosine residues. In
general SH2 domains are involved in signal transduction.
They typically bind pTyr-containing ligands via two
surface pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic binding pocket,
allowing proteins with SH2 domains to localize to
tyrosine phosphorylated sites.
Length = 108
Score = 39.7 bits (93), Expect = 1e-04
Identities = 26/100 (26%), Positives = 39/100 (39%), Gaps = 5/100 (5%)
Query: 1 WYFGKIKRIEAEKKLLLPENDHGAFLIRDSESRKNDYSLS-----EYKRSSFCLKMTTGR 55
W+ G I R EA + + G FL+R+S+S + LS + K G+
Sbjct: 7 WFHGGISRDEAARLIRQQGLVDGVFLVRESQSNPGAFVLSLKHGQKIKHYQIIPIEDEGQ 66
Query: 56 SLFETQKAGRTTIHYPELVEHYSKDADGLCVNLRKPCVQV 95
F +LVE Y +A L L+ C +V
Sbjct: 67 WYFTLDDGVTKFYDLLQLVEFYQLNAGSLPTRLKHYCTRV 106
>gnl|CDD|173648 cd05092, PTKc_TrkA, Catalytic domain of the Protein Tyrosine
Kinase, Tropomyosin Related Kinase A. Protein Tyrosine
Kinase (PTK) family; Tropomyosin Related Kinase A
(TrkA); catalytic (c) domain. The PTKc family is part of
a larger superfamily that includes the catalytic domains
of other kinases such as protein serine/threonine
kinases, RIO kinases, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase
(PI3K). PTKs catalyze the transfer of the
gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to tyrosine (tyr)
residues in protein substrates. TrkA is a member of the
Trk subfamily of proteins, which are receptor tyr
kinases (RTKs) containing an extracellular region with
arrays of leucine-rich motifs flanked by two
cysteine-rich clusters followed by two
immunoglobulin-like domains, a transmembrane segment,
and an intracellular catalytic domain. Binding of TrkA
to its ligand, nerve growth factor (NGF), results in
receptor oligomerization and activation of the catalytic
domain. TrkA is expressed mainly in neural-crest-derived
sensory and sympathetic neurons of the peripheral
nervous system, and in basal forebrain cholinergic
neurons of the central nervous system. It is critical
for neuronal growth, differentiation and survival.
Alternative TrkA splicing has been implicated as a
pivotal regulator of neuroblastoma (NB) behavior. Normal
TrkA expression is associated with better NB prognosis,
while the hypoxia-regulated TrkAIII splice variant
promotes NB pathogenesis and progression. Aberrant TrkA
expression has also been demonstrated in non-neural
tumors including prostate, breast, lung, and pancreatic
cancers.
Length = 280
Score = 41.1 bits (96), Expect = 1e-04
Identities = 15/52 (28%), Positives = 28/52 (53%)
Query: 122 MTNAEVLHQVEHGYRMPCPPGCPPRLYDIMLECWLKDPVKRPTFETLQWKLE 173
++N E + + G + P CPP +Y IM CW ++P +R + + +L+
Sbjct: 228 LSNTEAIECITQGRELERPRTCPPEVYAIMQGCWQREPQQRMVIKDIHSRLQ 279
>gnl|CDD|198211 cd10348, SH2_Cterm_shark_like, C-terminal Src homology 2 (SH2)
domain found in SH2 domains, ANK, and kinase domain
(shark) proteins. These non-receptor protein-tyrosine
kinases contain two SH2 domains, five ankyrin
(ANK)-like repeats, and a potential tyrosine
phosphorylation site in its carboxyl-terminal tail
which resembles the phosphorylation site in members of
the src family. Like, mammalian non-receptor
protein-tyrosine kinases, ZAP-70 and syk proteins, they
do not have SH3 domains. However, the presence of ANK
makes these unique among protein-tyrosine kinases. Both
tyrosine kinases and ANK repeats have been shown to
transduce developmental signals, and SH2 domains are
known to participate intimately in tyrosine kinase
signaling. These tyrosine kinases are believed to be
involved in epithelial cell polarity. The members of
this family include the shark (SH2 domains, ANK, and
kinase domain) gene in Drosophila and yellow fever
mosquitos, as well as the hydra protein HTK16.
Drosophila Shark is proposed to transduce
intracellularly the Crumbs, a protein necessary for
proper organization of ectodermal epithelia,
intercellular signal. In general SH2 domains are
involved in signal transduction. They typically bind
pTyr-containing ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr
and hydrophobic binding pocket, allowing proteins with
SH2 domains to localize to tyrosine phosphorylated
sites.
Length = 86
Score = 38.6 bits (90), Expect = 2e-04
Identities = 25/94 (26%), Positives = 36/94 (38%), Gaps = 19/94 (20%)
Query: 1 WYFGKIKRIEAEKKLLLPENDHGAFLIRDSESRKNDYSLS----------EYKRSSFCLK 50
W G + R EA + L + G+FL+R S R Y L+ E +
Sbjct: 2 WLHGALDRNEAVEILKQKADADGSFLVRYSRRRPGGYVLTLVYENHVYHFEIQNRDDKWF 61
Query: 51 MTTGRSLFETQKAGRTTIHYPELVEHYSKDADGL 84
FE+ L+EHY++ ADGL
Sbjct: 62 YIDDGPYFES---------LEHLIEHYTQFADGL 86
>gnl|CDD|173650 cd05094, PTKc_TrkC, Catalytic domain of the Protein Tyrosine
Kinase, Tropomyosin Related Kinase C. Protein Tyrosine
Kinase (PTK) family; Tropomyosin Related Kinase C
(TrkC); catalytic (c) domain. The PTKc family is part of
a larger superfamily that includes the catalytic domains
of other kinases such as protein serine/threonine
kinases, RIO kinases, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase
(PI3K). PTKs catalyze the transfer of the
gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to tyrosine (tyr)
residues in protein substrates. TrkC is a member of the
Trk subfamily of proteins, which are receptor tyr
kinases (RTKs) containing an extracellular region with
arrays of leucine-rich motifs flanked by two
cysteine-rich clusters followed by two
immunoglobulin-like domains, a transmembrane segment,
and an intracellular catalytic domain. Binding of TrkC
to its ligand, neurotrophin 3 (NT3), results in receptor
oligomerization and activation of the catalytic domain.
TrkC is broadly expressed in the nervous system and in
some non-neural tissues including the developing heart.
NT3/TrkC signaling plays an important role in the
innervation of the cardiac conducting system and the
development of smooth muscle cells. Mice deficient with
NT3 and TrkC have multiple heart defects. NT3/TrkC
signaling is also critical for the development and
maintenance of enteric neurons that are important for
the control of gut peristalsis.
Length = 291
Score = 40.8 bits (95), Expect = 2e-04
Identities = 16/48 (33%), Positives = 27/48 (56%)
Query: 122 MTNAEVLHQVEHGYRMPCPPGCPPRLYDIMLECWLKDPVKRPTFETLQ 169
++N EV+ + G + P CP +YDIML CW ++P +R + +
Sbjct: 229 LSNTEVIECITQGRVLERPRVCPKEVYDIMLGCWQREPQQRLNIKEIY 276
>gnl|CDD|198206 cd10343, SH2_SHIP, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in
SH2-containing inositol-5'-phosphatase (SHIP) and
SLAM-associated protein (SAP). The SH2-containing
inositol-5'-phosphatase, SHIP (also called
SHIP1/SHIP1a), is a hematopoietic-restricted
phosphatidylinositide phosphatase that translocates to
the plasma membrane after extracellular stimulation and
hydrolyzes the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase
(PI3K)-generated second messenger PI-3,4,5-P3 (PIP3) to
PI-3,4-P2. As a result, SHIP dampens down PIP3 mediated
signaling and represses the proliferation,
differentiation, survival, activation, and migration of
hematopoietic cells. PIP3 recruits lipid-binding
pleckstrin homology(PH) domain-containing proteins to
the inner wall of the plasma membrane and activates
them. PH domain-containing downstream effectors include
the survival/proliferation enhancing serine/threonine
kinase, Akt (protein kinase B), the tyrosine kinase,
Btk, the regulator of protein translation, S6K, and the
Rac and cdc42 guanine nucleotide exchange factor, Vav.
SHIP is believed to act as a tumor suppressor during
leukemogenesis and lymphomagenesis, and may play a role
in activating the immune system to combat cancer. SHIP
contains an N-terminal SH2 domain, a centrally located
phosphatase domain that specifically hydrolyzes the
5'-phosphate from PIP3, PI-4,5-P2 and inositol-1,3,4,5-
tetrakisphosphate (IP4), a C2 domain, that is an
allosteric activating site when bound by SHIP's
enzymatic product, PI-3,4-P2; 2 NPXY motifs that bind
proteins with a phosphotyrosine binding (Shc, Dok 1, Dok
2) or an SH2 (p85a, SHIP2) domain; and a proline-rich
domain consisting of four PxxP motifs that bind a subset
of SH3-containing proteins including Grb2, Src, Lyn,
Hck, Abl, PLCg1, and PIAS1. The SH2 domain of SHIP binds
to the tyrosine phosphorylated forms of Shc, SHP-2,
Doks, Gabs, CD150, platelet-endothelial cell adhesion
molecule, Cas, c-Cbl, immunoreceptor tyrosine-based
inhibitory motifs (ITIMs), and immunoreceptor
tyrosine-based activation motifs (ITAMs). The X-linked
lymphoproliferative syndrome (XLP) gene encodes SAP
(also called SH2D1A/DSHP) a protein that consists of a 5
residue N-terminus, a single SH2 domain, and a short 25
residue C-terminal tail. XLP is characterized by an
extreme sensitivity to Epstein-Barr virus. Both T and
natural killer (NK) cell dysfunctions have been seen in
XLP patients. SAP binds the cytoplasmic tail of
Signaling lymphocytic activation molecule (SLAM), 2B4,
Ly-9, and CD84. SAP is believed to function as a
signaling inhibitor, by blocking or regulating binding
of other signaling proteins. SAP and the SAP-like
protein EAT-2 recognize the sequence motif TIpYXX(V/I),
which is found in the cytoplasmic domains of a
restricted number of T, B, and NK cell surface receptors
and are proposed to be natural inhibitors or regulators
of the physiological role of a small family of receptors
on the surface of these cells. In general SH2 domains
are involved in signal transduction. They typically bind
pTyr-containing ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr
and hydrophobic binding pocket, allowing proteins with
SH2 domains to localize to tyrosine phosphorylated
sites.
Length = 103
Score = 38.6 bits (90), Expect = 2e-04
Identities = 31/97 (31%), Positives = 45/97 (46%), Gaps = 7/97 (7%)
Query: 1 WYFGKIKRIEAEKKLLLPENDHGAFLIRDSESRKNDYSLSE-YKRSSFCLK-MTTGRSLF 58
WY G I R +AE+ LL G+FL+RDSES Y+L Y+ + +
Sbjct: 5 WYHGNITRSKAEE-LLSKAGKDGSFLVRDSESVSGAYALCVLYQNCVHTYRILPNAEDKL 63
Query: 59 ETQKAGRTTIHY----PELVEHYSKDADGLCVNLRKP 91
Q + + + PEL+E Y K+ GL +L P
Sbjct: 64 SVQASEGVPVRFFTTLPELIEFYQKENMGLVTHLLYP 100
>gnl|CDD|198250 cd10387, SH2_SOCS6, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in
suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins. SH2
domain found in SOCS proteins. SOCS was first
recognized as a group of cytokine-inducible SH2 (CIS)
domain proteins comprising eight family members in
human (CIS and SOCS1-SOCS7). In addition to the SH2
domain, SOCS proteins have a variable N-terminal domain
and a conserved SOCS box in the C-terminal domain. SOCS
proteins bind to a substrate via their SH2 domain. The
prototypical members, CIS and SOCS1-SOCS3, have been
shown to regulate growth hormone signaling in vitro and
in a classic negative feedback response compete for
binding at phosphotyrosine sites in JAK kinase and
receptor pathways to displace effector proteins and
target bound receptors for proteasomal degradation.
Loss of SOCS activity results in excessive cytokine
signaling associated with a variety of hematopoietic,
autoimmune, and inflammatory diseases and certain
cancers. Members (SOCS4-SOCS7) were identified by their
conserved SOCS box, an adapter motif of 3 helices that
associates substrate binding domains, such as the SOCS
SH2 domain, ankryin, and WD40 with ubiquitin ligase
components. These show limited cytokine induction. In
general SH2 domains are involved in signal
transduction. They typically bind pTyr-containing
ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic
binding pocket, allowing proteins with SH2 domains to
localize to tyrosine phosphorylated sites.
Length = 100
Score = 38.3 bits (89), Expect = 2e-04
Identities = 20/41 (48%), Positives = 26/41 (63%), Gaps = 4/41 (9%)
Query: 1 WYFGKIKRIEAEKKLL-LPENDHGAFLIRDSESRKNDYSLS 40
WY+G I R EAE KL +P+ G+FL+RDS + SLS
Sbjct: 12 WYWGPITRWEAEGKLANVPD---GSFLVRDSSDDRYLLSLS 49
>gnl|CDD|198195 cd09942, SH2_nSH2_p85_like, N-terminal Src homology 2 (nSH2)
domain found in p85. Phosphoinositide 3-kinases
(PI3Ks) are essential for cell growth, migration, and
survival. p110, the catalytic subunit, is composed of
an adaptor-binding domain, a Ras-binding domain, a C2
domain, a helical domain, and a kinase domain. The
regulatory unit is called p85 and is composed of an SH3
domain, a RhoGap domain, a N-terminal SH2 (nSH2)
domain, an internal SH2 (iSH2) domain, and C-terminal
(cSH2) domain. There are 2 inhibitory interactions
between p110alpha and p85 of P13K: (1) p85 nSH2 domain
with the C2, helical, and kinase domains of p110alpha
and (2) p85 iSH2 domain with C2 domain of p110alpha.
There are 3 inhibitory interactions between p110beta
and p85 of P13K: (1) p85 nSH2 domain with the C2,
helical, and kinase domains of p110beta, (2) p85 iSH2
domain with C2 domain of p110alpha, and (3) p85 cSH2
domain with the kinase domain of p110alpha. It is
interesting to note that p110beta is oncogenic as a
wild type protein while p110alpha lacks this ability.
One explanation is the idea that the regulation of
p110beta by p85 is unique because of the addition of
inhibitory contacts from the cSH2 domain and the loss
of contacts in the iSH2 domain. In general SH2 domains
are involved in signal transduction. They typically
bind pTyr-containing ligands via two surface pockets, a
pTyr and hydrophobic binding pocket, allowing proteins
with SH2 domains to localize to tyrosine phosphorylated
sites.
Length = 110
Score = 38.5 bits (90), Expect = 3e-04
Identities = 16/40 (40%), Positives = 25/40 (62%), Gaps = 2/40 (5%)
Query: 1 WYFGKIKRIEAEKKLLLPENDHGAFLIRDSESRKNDYSLS 40
WY+G I R E +K+ + G FL+RD+ + K DY+L+
Sbjct: 9 WYWGDISREEVNEKMRDTPD--GTFLVRDASTMKGDYTLT 46
>gnl|CDD|198251 cd10388, SH2_SOCS7, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in
suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins. SH2
domain found in SOCS proteins. SOCS was first
recognized as a group of cytokine-inducible SH2 (CIS)
domain proteins comprising eight family members in
human (CIS and SOCS1-SOCS7). In addition to the SH2
domain, SOCS proteins have a variable N-terminal domain
and a conserved SOCS box in the C-terminal domain. SOCS
proteins bind to a substrate via their SH2 domain. The
prototypical members, CIS and SOCS1-SOCS3, have been
shown to regulate growth hormone signaling in vitro and
in a classic negative feedback response compete for
binding at phosphotyrosine sites in JAK kinase and
receptor pathways to displace effector proteins and
target bound receptors for proteasomal degradation.
Loss of SOCS activity results in excessive cytokine
signaling associated with a variety of hematopoietic,
autoimmune, and inflammatory diseases and certain
cancers. Members (SOCS4-SOCS7) were identified by their
conserved SOCS box, an adapter motif of 3 helices that
associates substrate binding domains, such as the SOCS
SH2 domain, ankryin, and WD40 with ubiquitin ligase
components. These show limited cytokine induction. In
general SH2 domains are involved in signal
transduction. They typically bind pTyr-containing
ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic
binding pocket, allowing proteins with SH2 domains to
localize to tyrosine phosphorylated sites.
Length = 101
Score = 38.1 bits (89), Expect = 3e-04
Identities = 19/61 (31%), Positives = 29/61 (47%), Gaps = 14/61 (22%)
Query: 1 WYFGKIKRIEAEKKLLLPENDHGAFLIRDSESRKNDYSLS------------EYKRSSFC 48
WY+G + +AEK L + G+FL+RDS + +SLS E + +F
Sbjct: 12 WYWGPMSWEDAEKVLSNKPD--GSFLVRDSSDDRYIFSLSFRSQGSVHHTRIEQYQGTFS 69
Query: 49 L 49
L
Sbjct: 70 L 70
>gnl|CDD|198275 cd10412, SH2_SH2B3, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in SH2B
adapter proteins (SH2B1, SH2B2, SH2B3). SH2B3 (Lnk),
like other members of the SH2B adapter protein family,
contains a pleckstrin homology domain, at least one
dimerization domain, and a C-terminal SH2 domain which
binds to phosphorylated tyrosines in a variety of
tyrosine kinases. SH2B3 negatively regulates
lymphopoiesis and early hematopoiesis. The
lnk-deficiency results in enhanced production of B
cells, and expansion as well as enhanced function of
hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), demonstrating negative
regulatory functions of Sh2b3/Lnk in cytokine
signaling. Sh2b3/Lnk also functions in responses
controlled by cell adhesion and in crosstalk between
integrin- and cytokine-mediated signaling. In general
SH2 domains are involved in signal transduction. They
typically bind pTyr-containing ligands via two surface
pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic binding pocket,
allowing proteins with SH2 domains to localize to
tyrosine phosphorylated sites.
Length = 97
Score = 38.0 bits (88), Expect = 4e-04
Identities = 17/41 (41%), Positives = 27/41 (65%), Gaps = 1/41 (2%)
Query: 1 WYFGKIKRIEAEKKLLLPEND-HGAFLIRDSESRKNDYSLS 40
W+ G I R++A + + L D HG FL+R SE+R+ +Y L+
Sbjct: 10 WFHGPISRVKAAQLVQLQGPDAHGVFLVRQSETRRGEYVLT 50
>gnl|CDD|198259 cd10396, SH2_Tec_Itk, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in Tec
protein, IL2-inducible T-cell kinase (Itk). A member of
the Tec protein tyrosine kinase Itk is expressed thymus,
spleen, lymph node, T lymphocytes, NK and mast cells. It
plays a role in T-cell proliferation and
differentiation, analogous to Tec family kinases Txk.
Itk has been shown to interact with Fyn,
Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein, KHDRBS1, PLCG1,
Lymphocyte cytosolic protein 2, Linker of activated T
cells, Karyopherin alpha 2, Grb2, and Peptidylprolyl
isomerase A. Most of the Tec family members have a PH
domain (Txk and the short (type 1) splice variant of
Drosophila Btk29A are exceptions), a Tec homology (TH)
domain, a SH3 domain, a SH2 domain, and a protein kinase
catalytic domain. The TH domain consists of a
Zn2+-binding Btk motif and a proline-rich region. The
Btk motif is found in Tec kinases, Ras GAP, and IGBP. It
is crucial for the function of Tec PH domains and it's
lack of presence in Txk is not surprising since it lacks
a PH domain. The type 1 splice form of the Drosophila
homolog also lacks both the PH domain and the Btk motif.
The proline-rich regions are highly conserved for the
most part with the exception of Bmx whose residues
surrounding the PXXP motif are not conserved (TH-like)
and Btk29A which is entirely unique with large numbers
of glycine residues (TH-extended). Tec family members
all lack a C-terminal tyrosine having an autoinhibitory
function in its phosphorylated state. In general SH2
domains are involved in signal transduction. They
typically bind pTyr-containing ligands via two surface
pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic binding pocket, allowing
proteins with SH2 domains to localize to tyrosine
phosphorylated sites.
Length = 108
Score = 37.8 bits (88), Expect = 5e-04
Identities = 32/102 (31%), Positives = 52/102 (50%), Gaps = 15/102 (14%)
Query: 1 WYFGKIKRIEAEKKLLLPENDHGAFLIRDSESRKNDYSLSEYKRS----SFCLK------ 50
WY I R +AEK LL E G F++RDS S+ Y++S Y ++ + C++
Sbjct: 8 WYNKNINRSKAEK-LLRDEGKEGGFMVRDS-SQPGLYTVSLYTKAGGEGNPCIRHYHIKE 65
Query: 51 -MTTGRSLFETQKAGRTTIHYPELVEHYSKDADGLCVNLRKP 91
+ + + +K +I PEL+E++ +A GL LR P
Sbjct: 66 TNDSPKKYYLAEKHVFNSI--PELIEYHKHNAAGLVTRLRYP 105
>gnl|CDD|198178 cd09923, SH2_SOCS_family, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in
suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) family. SH2
domain found in SOCS proteins. SOCS was first
recognized as a group of cytokine-inducible SH2 (CIS)
domain proteins comprising eight family members in
human (CIS and SOCS1-SOCS7). In addition to the SH2
domain, SOCS proteins have a variable N-terminal domain
and a conserved SOCS box in the C-terminal domain. SOCS
proteins bind to a substrate via their SH2 domain. The
prototypical members, CIS and SOCS1-SOCS3, have been
shown to regulate growth hormone signaling in vitro and
in a classic negative feedback response compete for
binding at phosphotyrosine sites in JAK kinase and
receptor pathways to displace effector proteins and
target bound receptors for proteasomal degradation.
Loss of SOCS activity results in excessive cytokine
signaling associated with a variety of hematopoietic,
autoimmune, and inflammatory diseases and certain
cancers. Members (SOCS4-SOCS7) were identified by their
conserved SOCS box, an adapter motif of 3 helices that
associates substrate binding domains, such as the SOCS
SH2 domain, ankryin, and WD40 with ubiquitin ligase
components. These show limited cytokine induction. In
general SH2 domains are involved in signal
transduction. They typically bind pTyr-containing
ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic
binding pocket, allowing proteins with SH2 domains to
localize to tyrosine phosphorylated sites.
Length = 81
Score = 36.4 bits (85), Expect = 8e-04
Identities = 26/91 (28%), Positives = 35/91 (38%), Gaps = 24/91 (26%)
Query: 1 WYFGKIKRIEAEKKLLLPENDH-GAFLIRDSESRKNDYSLS------------EYKRSSF 47
WY+G I R EAE+ L G FL+RDS + +S+S EY F
Sbjct: 2 WYWGGITRYEAEELL---AGKPEGTFLVRDSSDSRYLFSVSFRTYGRTLHARIEYSNGRF 58
Query: 48 CLKMTTGRSLFETQKAGRTTIHYPELVEHYS 78
S + + EL+EHY
Sbjct: 59 --------SFDSSDPSVPRFPCVVELIEHYV 81
>gnl|CDD|198200 cd10337, SH2_BCAR3, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain in the Breast
Cancer Anti-estrogen Resistance protein 3. BCAR3 is
part of a growing family of guanine nucleotide exchange
factors is responsible for activation of Ras-family
GTPases, including Sos1 and 2, GRF1 and 2,
CalDAG-GEF/GRP1-4, C3G, cAMP-GEF/Epac 1 and 2,
PDZ-GEFs, MR-GEF, RalGDS family members, RalGPS,
RasGEF, Smg GDS, and phospholipase C(epsilon). 12102558
21262352 BCAR3 binds to the carboxy-terminus of
BCAR1/p130Cas, a focal adhesion adapter protein. Over
expression of BCAR1 (p130Cas) and BCAR3 induces
estrogen independent growth in normally
estrogen-dependent cell lines. They have been linked to
resistance to anti-estrogens in breast cancer, Rac
activation, and cell motility, though the BCAR3/p130Cas
complex is not required for this activity in BCAR3.
Many BCAR3-mediated signaling events in epithelial and
mesenchymal cells are independent of p130Cas
association. Structurally these proteins contain a
single SH2 domain upstream of their RasGEF domain,
which is responsible for the ability of BCAR3 to
enhance p130Cas over-expression-induced migration. In
general SH2 domains are involved in signal
transduction. They typically bind pTyr-containing
ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic
binding pocket, allowing proteins with SH2 domains to
localize to tyrosine phosphorylated sites.
Length = 136
Score = 37.3 bits (87), Expect = 0.001
Identities = 18/40 (45%), Positives = 22/40 (55%), Gaps = 4/40 (10%)
Query: 1 WYFGKIKRIEAEKKLLLPENDHGAFLIRDSESRKNDYSLS 40
WY G+I R AE L+ G FL+RDS S DY L+
Sbjct: 8 WYHGRIPRQVAES--LVQRE--GDFLVRDSLSSPGDYVLT 43
>gnl|CDD|173649 cd05093, PTKc_TrkB, Catalytic domain of the Protein Tyrosine
Kinase, Tropomyosin Related Kinase B. Protein Tyrosine
Kinase (PTK) family; Tropomyosin Related Kinase B
(TrkB); catalytic (c) domain. The PTKc family is part of
a larger superfamily that includes the catalytic domains
of other kinases such as protein serine/threonine
kinases, RIO kinases, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase
(PI3K). PTKs catalyze the transfer of the
gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to tyrosine (tyr)
residues in protein substrates. TrkB is a member of the
Trk subfamily of proteins, which are receptor tyr
kinases (RTKs) containing an extracellular region with
arrays of leucine-rich motifs flanked by two
cysteine-rich clusters followed by two
immunoglobulin-like domains, a transmembrane segment,
and an intracellular catalytic domain. Binding of TrkB
to its ligands, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)
or neurotrophin 4 (NT4), results in receptor
oligomerization and activation of the catalytic domain.
TrkB is broadly expressed in the nervous system and in
some non-neural tissues. It plays important roles in
cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival.
BDNF/Trk signaling plays a key role in regulating
activity-dependent synaptic plasticity. TrkB also
contributes to protection against gp120-induced neuronal
cell death. TrkB overexpression is associated with poor
prognosis in neuroblastoma (NB) and other human cancers.
It acts as a suppressor of anoikis (detachment-induced
apoptosis) and contributes to tumor metastasis.
Length = 288
Score = 38.5 bits (89), Expect = 0.001
Identities = 16/54 (29%), Positives = 29/54 (53%)
Query: 122 MTNAEVLHQVEHGYRMPCPPGCPPRLYDIMLECWLKDPVKRPTFETLQWKLEDF 175
++N EV+ + G + P CP +YD+ML CW ++P R + + L++
Sbjct: 226 LSNNEVIECITQGRVLQRPRTCPKEVYDLMLGCWQREPHMRLNIKEIHSLLQNL 279
>gnl|CDD|198252 cd10389, SH2_SHB, Src homology 2 domain found in SH2
domain-containing adapter protein B (SHB). SHB
functions in generating signaling compounds in response
to tyrosine kinase activation. SHB contains
proline-rich motifs, a phosphotyrosine binding (PTB)
domain, tyrosine phosphorylation sites, and a SH2
domain. SHB mediates certain aspects of
platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) receptor-,
fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptor-, neural growth
factor (NGF) receptor TRKA-, T cell receptor-,
interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptor- and focal adhesion
kinase- (FAK) signaling. SRC-like FYN-Related Kinase
FRK/RAK (also named BSK/IYK or GTK) and SHB regulate
apoptosis, proliferation and differentiation. SHB
promotes apoptosis and is also required for proper
mitogenicity, spreading and tubular morphogenesis in
endothelial cells. SHB also plays a role in preventing
early cavitation of embryoid bodies and reduces
differentiation to cells expressing albumin, amylase,
insulin and glucagon. SHB is a multifunctional protein
that has difference responses in different cells under
various conditions. In general SH2 domains are involved
in signal transduction. They typically bind
pTyr-containing ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr
and hydrophobic binding pocket, allowing proteins with
SH2 domains to localize to tyrosine phosphorylated
sites.
Length = 97
Score = 36.6 bits (84), Expect = 0.001
Identities = 23/79 (29%), Positives = 41/79 (51%), Gaps = 3/79 (3%)
Query: 1 WYFGKIKRIEAEKKLLLPENDHGAFLIRDSESRKNDYSLSEYKRSSFC-LKMTTGRSLFE 59
WY G I R +AE L L + ++L+R+S++ K+DYSLS F +K+ + +
Sbjct: 3 WYHGAISRGDAENLLRLCK--ECSYLVRNSQTSKHDYSLSLKSNQGFMHMKLAKTKEKYV 60
Query: 60 TQKAGRTTIHYPELVEHYS 78
+ PE++ +Y+
Sbjct: 61 LGQNSPPFDSVPEVIHYYT 79
>gnl|CDD|133238 cd05107, PTKc_PDGFR_beta, Catalytic domain of the Protein Tyrosine
Kinase, Platelet Derived Growth Factor Receptor beta.
Protein Tyrosine Kinase (PTK) family; Platelet Derived
Growth Factor Receptor (PDGFR) beta; catalytic (c)
domain. The PTKc family is part of a larger superfamily
that includes the catalytic domains of other kinases
such as protein serine/threonine kinases, RIO kinases,
and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). PTKs catalyze the
transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to
tyrosine (tyr) residues in protein substrates. PDGFR
beta is a receptor tyr kinase (RTK) containing an
extracellular ligand-binding region with five
immunoglobulin-like domains, a transmembrane segment,
and an intracellular catalytic domain. The binding to
its ligands, the PDGFs, leads to receptor dimerization,
trans phosphorylation and activation, and intracellular
signaling. PDGFR beta forms homodimers or heterodimers
with PDGFR alpha, depending on the nature of the PDGF
ligand. PDGF-BB and PDGF-DD induce PDGFR beta
homodimerization. PDGFR signaling plays many roles in
normal embryonic development and adult physiology. PDGFR
beta signaling leads to a variety of cellular effects
including the stimulation of cell growth and chemotaxis,
as well as the inhibition of apoptosis and GAP
junctional communication. It is critical in normal
angiogenesis as it is involved in the recruitment of
pericytes and smooth muscle cells essential for vessel
stability. Aberrant PDGFR beta expression is associated
with some human cancers. The continuously-active fusion
proteins of PDGFR beta with COL1A1 and TEL are
associated with dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP)
and a subset of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML),
respectively.
Length = 401
Score = 38.5 bits (89), Expect = 0.001
Identities = 17/54 (31%), Positives = 26/54 (48%)
Query: 124 NAEVLHQVEHGYRMPCPPGCPPRLYDIMLECWLKDPVKRPTFETLQWKLEDFFT 177
N + + ++ GYRM P +Y+IM +CW + RP F L + D T
Sbjct: 348 NEQFYNAIKRGYRMAKPAHASDEIYEIMQKCWEEKFEIRPDFSQLVHLVGDLLT 401
>gnl|CDD|198209 cd10346, SH2_SH2B_family, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in
SH2B adapter protein family. The SH2B adapter protein
family has 3 members: SH2B1 (SH2-B, PSM), SH2B2
(APS), and SH2B3 (Lnk). SH2B family members contain a
pleckstrin homology domain, at least one dimerization
domain, and a C-terminal SH2 domain which binds to
phosphorylated tyrosines in a variety of tyrosine
kinases. SH2B1 and SH2B2 function in signaling
pathways found downstream of growth hormone receptor
and receptor tyrosine kinases, including the insulin,
insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), platelet-derived
growth factor (PDGF), nerve growth factor, hepatocyte
growth factor, and fibroblast growth factor receptors.
SH2B2beta, a new isoform of SH2B2, is an endogenous
inhibitor of SH2B1 and/or SH2B2 (SH2B2alpha),
negatively regulating insulin signaling and/or
JAK2-mediated cellular responses. SH2B3 negatively
regulates lymphopoiesis and early hematopoiesis. The
lnk-deficiency results in enhanced production of B
cells, and expansion as well as enhanced function of
hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), demonstrating negative
regulatory functions of Sh2b3/Lnk in cytokine
signaling. Sh2b3/Lnk also functions in responses
controlled by cell adhesion and in crosstalk between
integrin- and cytokine-mediated signaling. In general
SH2 domains are involved in signal transduction. They
typically bind pTyr-containing ligands via two surface
pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic binding pocket,
allowing proteins with SH2 domains to localize to
tyrosine phosphorylated sites.
Length = 97
Score = 36.2 bits (84), Expect = 0.001
Identities = 15/41 (36%), Positives = 26/41 (63%), Gaps = 1/41 (2%)
Query: 1 WYFGKIKRIEAEKKLLLPEND-HGAFLIRDSESRKNDYSLS 40
W+ G + R +A + +L D HG FL+R SE+R+ ++ L+
Sbjct: 10 WFHGTLSRSDAAQLVLHSGADGHGVFLVRQSETRRGEFVLT 50
>gnl|CDD|198215 cd10352, SH2_a2chimerin_b2chimerin, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain
found in alpha2-chimerin and beta2-chimerin proteins.
Chimerins are a family of phorbol ester- and
diacylglycerol-responsive GTPase-activating proteins.
Alpha1-chimerin (formerly known as n-chimerin) and
alpha2-chimerin are alternatively spliced products of a
single gene, as are beta1- and beta2-chimerin. alpha1-
and beta1-chimerin have a relatively short N-terminal
region that does not encode any recognizable domains,
whereas alpha2- and beta2-chimerin both include a
functional SH2 domain that can bind to phosphotyrosine
motifs within receptors. All of the isoforms contain a
GAP domain with specificity in vitro for Rac1 and a
diacylglycerol (DAG)-binding C1 domain which allows
them to translocate to membranes in response to DAG
signaling and anchors them in close proximity to
activated Rac. Other C1 domain-containing
diacylglycerol receptors including: PKC, Munc-13
proteins, phorbol ester binding scaffolding proteins
involved in Ca2+-stimulated exocytosis, and RasGRPs,
diacylglycerol-activated guanine-nucleotide exchange
factors (GEFs) for Ras and Rap1. In general SH2 domains
are involved in signal transduction. They typically
bind pTyr-containing ligands via two surface pockets, a
pTyr and hydrophobic binding pocket, allowing proteins
with SH2 domains to localize to tyrosine phosphorylated
sites.
Length = 91
Score = 35.8 bits (83), Expect = 0.002
Identities = 17/39 (43%), Positives = 22/39 (56%), Gaps = 2/39 (5%)
Query: 2 YFGKIKRIEAEKKLLLPENDHGAFLIRDSESRKNDYSLS 40
Y G I R EAE+ LL G++LIR+S Y+LS
Sbjct: 9 YHGLISREEAEQ--LLSGASDGSYLIRESSRDDGYYTLS 45
>gnl|CDD|198186 cd09932, SH2_C-SH2_PLC_gamma_like, C-terminal Src homology 2
(C-SH2) domain in Phospholipase C gamma. Phospholipase
C gamma is a signaling molecule that is recruited to
the C-terminal tail of the receptor upon
autophosphorylation of a highly conserved tyrosine.
PLCgamma is composed of a Pleckstrin homology (PH)
domain followed by an elongation factor (EF) domain, 2
catalytic regions of PLC domains that flank 2 tandem
SH2 domains (N-SH2, C-SH2), and ending with a SH3
domain and C2 domain. N-SH2 SH2 domain-mediated
interactions represent a crucial step in transmembrane
signaling by receptor tyrosine kinases. SH2 domains
recognize phosphotyrosine (pY) in the context of
particular sequence motifs in receptor phosphorylation
sites. Both N-SH2 and C-SH2 have a very similar binding
affinity to pY. But in growth factor stimulated cells
these domains bind to different target proteins. N-SH2
binds to pY containing sites in the C-terminal tails of
tyrosine kinases and other receptors. Recently it has
been shown that this interaction is mediated by
phosphorylation-independent interactions between a
secondary binding site found exclusively on the N-SH2
domain and a region of the FGFR1 tyrosine kinase
domain. This secondary site on the SH2 cooperates with
the canonical pY site to regulate selectivity in
mediating a specific cellular process. C-SH2 binds to
an intramolecular site on PLCgamma itself which allows
it to hydrolyze phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate
into diacylglycerol and inositol triphosphate. These
then activate protein kinase C and release calcium. In
general SH2 domains are involved in signal
transduction. They typically bind pTyr-containing
ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic
binding pocket, allowing proteins with SH2 domains to
localize to tyrosine phosphorylated sites.
Length = 104
Score = 35.3 bits (82), Expect = 0.003
Identities = 15/41 (36%), Positives = 26/41 (63%), Gaps = 3/41 (7%)
Query: 1 WYFGKIKRIEAEKKL-LLPENDHGAFLIRDSESRKNDYSLS 40
W+ + R +AE+ L +P + GAFL+R SE+ N +++S
Sbjct: 6 WFHANLTREQAEEMLMRVPRD--GAFLVRPSETDPNSFAIS 44
>gnl|CDD|198253 cd10390, SH2_SHD, Src homology 2 domain found in SH2
domain-containing adapter proteins D (SHD). The
expression of SHD is restricted to the brain. SHD may
be a physiological substrate of c-Abl and may function
as an adapter protein in the central nervous system. It
is also thought to be involved in apoptotic regulation.
SHD contains five YXXP motifs, a substrate sequence
preferred by Abl tyrosine kinases, in addition to a
poly-proline rich region and a C-terminal SH2 domain.
In general SH2 domains are involved in signal
transduction. They typically bind pTyr-containing
ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic
binding pocket, allowing proteins with SH2 domains to
localize to tyrosine phosphorylated sites.
Length = 98
Score = 35.4 bits (81), Expect = 0.003
Identities = 28/81 (34%), Positives = 41/81 (50%), Gaps = 6/81 (7%)
Query: 1 WYFGKIKRIEAEKKLLLPENDHGAFLIRDSESRKNDYSLSEYKRSSFCLKMTTGRSLFET 60
W+ G + R +AE L L + G++L+R SE+R D SLS F L + R+
Sbjct: 3 WFHGPLSRADAENLLSLCK--EGSYLVRLSETRPQDCSLSLRSSQGF-LHLKFARTRENQ 59
Query: 61 QKAGRTTIHY---PELVEHYS 78
G+ + + PELV HYS
Sbjct: 60 VVLGQHSGPFPSVPELVLHYS 80
>gnl|CDD|198273 cd10410, SH2_SH2B1, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in SH2B
adapter proteins (SH2B1, SH2B2, SH2B3). SH2B1 (SH2-B,
PSM), like other members of the SH2B adapter protein
family, contains a pleckstrin homology domain, at least
one dimerization domain, and a C-terminal SH2 domain
which binds to phosphorylated tyrosines in a variety of
tyrosine kinases. SH2B1 and SH2B2 function in
signaling pathways found downstream of growth hormone
receptor and receptor tyrosine kinases, including the
insulin, insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I),
platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), nerve growth
factor, hepatocyte growth factor, and fibroblast growth
factor receptors. SH2B2beta, a new isoform of SH2B2, is
an endogenous inhibitor of SH2B1 and/or SH2B2
(SH2B2alpha), negatively regulating insulin signaling
and/or JAK2-mediated cellular responses. In general SH2
domains are involved in signal transduction. They
typically bind pTyr-containing ligands via two surface
pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic binding pocket,
allowing proteins with SH2 domains to localize to
tyrosine phosphorylated sites.
Length = 97
Score = 35.0 bits (80), Expect = 0.004
Identities = 15/41 (36%), Positives = 26/41 (63%), Gaps = 1/41 (2%)
Query: 1 WYFGKIKRIEAEKKLLLP-ENDHGAFLIRDSESRKNDYSLS 40
W+ G + R++A + +L HG FL+R SE+R+ +Y L+
Sbjct: 10 WFHGMLSRLKAAQLVLEGGTGSHGVFLVRQSETRRGEYVLT 50
>gnl|CDD|199830 cd10349, SH2_SH2D2A_SH2D7, Src homology 2 domain found in the SH2
domain containing protein 2A and 7 (SH2D2A and SH2D7).
SH2D2A and SH7 both contain a single SH2 domain. In
general SH2 domains are involved in signal
transduction. They typically bind pTyr-containing
ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic
binding pocket, allowing proteins with SH2 domains to
localize to tyrosine phosphorylated sites.
Length = 77
Score = 34.4 bits (79), Expect = 0.004
Identities = 23/82 (28%), Positives = 38/82 (46%), Gaps = 11/82 (13%)
Query: 1 WYFGKIKRIEAEKKLLLPENDHGAFLIRDSESRKNDYSLSEYKRSSFCL-----KMTTGR 55
W+ G I R EAE+ LL G +L+R SE + LS Y+ + C ++ GR
Sbjct: 2 WFHGFITRREAER--LLEPKPQGCYLVRFSE-SAVTFVLS-YRSRTCCRHFLLAQLRDGR 57
Query: 56 SLFETQKAGRTTIHYPELVEHY 77
+ + + + +L+ HY
Sbjct: 58 HVVLGEDSAHARLQ--DLLLHY 77
>gnl|CDD|198285 cd10718, SH2_CIS, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in
cytokine-inducible SH2-containing protein (CIS). CIS
family members are known to be cytokine-inducible
negative regulators of cytokine signaling. The
expression of the CIS gene can be induced by IL2, IL3,
GM-CSF and EPO in hematopoietic cells.
Proteasome-mediated degradation of this protein has
been shown to be involved in the inactivation of the
erythropoietin receptor. Suppressor of cytokine
signalling (SOCS) was first recognized as a group of
cytokine-inducible SH2 (CIS) domain proteins comprising
eight family members in human (CIS and SOCS1-SOCS7).
In addition to the SH2 domain, SOCS proteins have a
variable N-terminal domain and a conserved SOCS box in
the C-terminal domain. SOCS proteins bind to a
substrate via their SH2 domain. The prototypical
members, CIS and SOCS1-SOCS3, have been shown to
regulate growth hormone signaling in vitro and in a
classic negative feedback response compete for binding
at phosphotyrosine sites in JAK kinase and receptor
pathways to displace effector proteins and target bound
receptors for proteasomal degradation. Loss of SOCS
activity results in excessive cytokine signaling
associated with a variety of hematopoietic, autoimmune,
and inflammatory diseases and certain cancers. In
general SH2 domains are involved in signal
transduction. They typically bind pTyr-containing
ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic
binding pocket, allowing proteins with SH2 domains to
localize to tyrosine phosphorylated sites.
Length = 88
Score = 34.7 bits (80), Expect = 0.005
Identities = 27/91 (29%), Positives = 34/91 (37%), Gaps = 21/91 (23%)
Query: 1 WYFGKIKRIEAEKKLL-LPENDHGAFLIRDSESRKNDYSLS------------EYKRSSF 47
WY+G I EA + L PE G FL+RDS +LS EY SF
Sbjct: 6 WYWGSITASEAHQALQKAPE---GTFLVRDSSHPSYMLTLSVKTTRGPTNVRIEYSDGSF 62
Query: 48 CLKMTTGRSLFETQKAGRTTIHYPELVEHYS 78
L S + + LV+HY
Sbjct: 63 RLD-----SSSLARPRLLSFPDVVSLVQHYV 88
>gnl|CDD|198179 cd09925, SH2_SHC, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in SH2
adaptor protein C (SHC). SHC is involved in a wide
variety of pathways including regulating proliferation,
angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis, and bone
metabolism. An adapter protein, SHC has been implicated
in Ras activation following the stimulation of a number
of different receptors, including growth factors
[insulin, epidermal growth factor (EGF), nerve growth
factor, and platelet derived growth factor (PDGF)],
cytokines [interleukins 2, 3, and 5], erythropoietin,
and granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor,
and antigens [T-cell and B-cell receptors]. SHC has
been shown to bind to tyrosine-phosphorylated
receptors, and receptor stimulation leads to tyrosine
phosphorylation of SHC. Upon phosphorylation, SHC
interacts with another adapter protein, Grb2, which
binds to the Ras GTP/GDP exchange factor mSOS which
leads to Ras activation. SHC is composed of an
N-terminal domain that interacts with proteins
containing phosphorylated tyrosines, a
(glycine/proline)-rich collagen-homology domain that
contains the phosphorylated binding site, and a
C-terminal SH2 domain. SH2 has been shown to interact
with the tyrosine-phosphorylated receptors of EGF and
PDGF and with the tyrosine-phosphorylated C chain of
the T-cell receptor, providing one of the mechanisms of
T-cell-mediated Ras activation. In general SH2 domains
are involved in signal transduction. They typically
bind pTyr-containing ligands via two surface pockets, a
pTyr and hydrophobic binding pocket, allowing proteins
with SH2 domains to localize to tyrosine phosphorylated
sites.
Length = 104
Score = 34.6 bits (80), Expect = 0.006
Identities = 16/40 (40%), Positives = 23/40 (57%), Gaps = 4/40 (10%)
Query: 1 WYFGKIKRIEAEKKLLLPENDHGAFLIRDSESRKNDYSLS 40
WY GK+ R +AE LL + G FL+R+S + Y L+
Sbjct: 9 WYHGKMSRRDAES--LLQTD--GDFLVRESTTTPGQYVLT 44
>gnl|CDD|198183 cd09929, SH2_BLNK_SLP-76, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in
B-cell linker (BLNK) protein and SH2 domain-containing
leukocyte protein of 76 kDa (SLP-76). BLNK (also known
as SLP-65 or BASH) is an important adaptor protein
expressed in B-lineage cells. BLNK consists of a
N-terminal sterile alpha motif (SAM) domain and a
C-terminal SH2 domain. BLNK is a cytoplasmic protein,
but a part of it is bound to the plasma membrane
through an N-terminal leucine zipper motif and
transiently bound to a cytoplasmic domain of Iga
through its C-terminal SH2 domain upon B cell antigen
receptor (BCR)-stimulation. A non-ITAM phosphotyrosine
in Iga is necessary for the binding with the BLNK SH2
domain and/or for normal BLNK function in signaling and
B cell activation. Upon phosphorylation BLNK binds Btk
and PLCgamma2 through their SH2 domains and mediates
PLCgamma2 activation by Btk. BLNK also binds other
signaling molecules such as Vav, Grb2, Syk, and HPK1.
BLNK has been shown to be necessary for BCR-mediated
Ca2+ mobilization, for the activation of
mitogen-activated protein kinases such as ERK, JNK, and
p38 in a chicken B cell line DT40, and for activation
of transcription factors such as NF-AT and NF-kappaB in
human or mouse B cells. BLNK is involved in B cell
development, B cell survival, activation,
proliferation, and T-independent immune responses. BLNK
is structurally homologous to SLP-76. SLP-76 and
(linker for activation of T cells) LAT are
adaptor/linker proteins in T cell antigen receptor
activation and T cell development. BLNK interacts with
many downstream signaling proteins that interact
directly with both SLP-76 and LAT. New data suggest
functional complementation of SLP-76 and LAT in T cell
antigen receptor function with BLNK in BCR function. In
general SH2 domains are involved in signal
transduction. They typically bind pTyr-containing
ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic
binding pocket, allowing proteins with SH2 domains to
localize to tyrosine phosphorylated sites.
Length = 121
Score = 34.2 bits (79), Expect = 0.009
Identities = 18/41 (43%), Positives = 22/41 (53%), Gaps = 3/41 (7%)
Query: 1 WYFGKIKRIEAEKKLLLPENDHGAFLIRDSESR--KNDYSL 39
WY G I R EAE+ L N G FL+RDS + Y+L
Sbjct: 13 WYAGNIDRKEAEEALR-RSNKDGTFLVRDSSGKDSSQPYTL 52
>gnl|CDD|198208 cd10345, SH2_C-SH2_Zap70_Syk_like, C-terminal Src homology 2
(SH2) domain found in Zeta-chain-associated protein
kinase 70 (ZAP-70) and Spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk)
proteins. ZAP-70 and Syk comprise a family of
hematopoietic cell specific protein tyrosine kinases
(PTKs) that are required for antigen and antibody
receptor function. ZAP-70 is expressed in T and natural
killer (NK) cells and Syk is expressed in B cells, mast
cells, polymorphonuclear leukocytes, platelets,
macrophages, and immature T cells. They are required
for the proper development of T and B cells, immune
receptors, and activating NK cells. They consist of two
N-terminal Src homology 2 (SH2) domains and a
C-terminal kinase domain separated from the SH2 domains
by a linker or hinge region. Phosphorylation of both
tyrosine residues within the Immunoreceptor
Tyrosine-based Activation Motifs (ITAM; consensus
sequence Yxx[LI]x(7,8)Yxx[LI]) by the Src-family PTKs
is required for efficient interaction of ZAP-70 and Syk
with the receptor subunits and for receptor function.
ZAP-70 forms two phosphotyrosine binding pockets, one
of which is shared by both SH2 domains. In Syk the two
SH2 domains do not form such a phosphotyrosine-binding
site. The SH2 domains here are believed to function
independently. In addition, the two SH2 domains of Syk
display flexibility in their relative orientation,
allowing Syk to accommodate a greater variety of
spacing sequences between the ITAM phosphotyrosines and
singly phosphorylated non-classical ITAM ligands. This
model contains the C-terminus SH2 domains of both Syk
and Zap70. In general SH2 domains are involved in
signal transduction. They typically bind
pTyr-containing ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr
and hydrophobic binding pocket, allowing proteins with
SH2 domains to localize to tyrosine phosphorylated
sites.
Length = 95
Score = 33.9 bits (77), Expect = 0.010
Identities = 33/101 (32%), Positives = 45/101 (44%), Gaps = 18/101 (17%)
Query: 1 WYFGKIKRIEAEKKLLLPENDHGAFLIRDSESRKNDYSLSEYKRSSFCLKMTTGRSLFET 60
W+ GKI R E+E+ +L+ +G FLIR + Y+L + +
Sbjct: 2 WFHGKISREESEQIVLIGSKTNGKFLIR-ARDNNGSYAL------CLLHEGKVLHYRIDK 54
Query: 61 QKAGRTTIHYPE---------LVEHYSKDADGLCVNLRKPC 92
K G+ +I PE LVEHYS ADGL L PC
Sbjct: 55 DKTGKLSI--PEGKKFDTLWQLVEHYSYKADGLLRVLTVPC 93
>gnl|CDD|198274 cd10411, SH2_SH2B2, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in SH2B
adapter proteins (SH2B1, SH2B2, SH2B3). SH2B2 (APS),
like other members of the SH2B adapter protein family,
contains a pleckstrin homology domain, at least one
dimerization domain, and a C-terminal SH2 domain which
binds to phosphorylated tyrosines in a variety of
tyrosine kinases. SH2B1 and SH2B2 function in
signaling pathways found downstream of growth hormone
receptor and receptor tyrosine kinases, including the
insulin, insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I),
platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), nerve growth
factor, hepatocyte growth factor, and fibroblast growth
factor receptors. SH2B2beta, a new isoform of SH2B2, is
an endogenous inhibitor of SH2B1 and/or SH2B2
(SH2B2alpha), negatively regulating insulin signaling
and/or JAK2-mediated cellular responses. In general SH2
domains are involved in signal transduction. They
typically bind pTyr-containing ligands via two surface
pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic binding pocket,
allowing proteins with SH2 domains to localize to
tyrosine phosphorylated sites.
Length = 97
Score = 33.8 bits (77), Expect = 0.011
Identities = 15/41 (36%), Positives = 25/41 (60%), Gaps = 1/41 (2%)
Query: 1 WYFGKIKRIEAEKKLLLP-ENDHGAFLIRDSESRKNDYSLS 40
W+ G + R++A + +L HG F+IR SE+R +Y L+
Sbjct: 10 WFHGTLSRVKAAQLVLAGGPRSHGLFVIRQSETRPGEYVLT 50
>gnl|CDD|173731 cd06627, STKc_Cdc7_like, Catalytic domain of Cell division control
protein 7-like Protein Serine/Threonine Kinases.
Serine/threonine kinases (STKs), (Cdc7)-like subfamily,
catalytic (c) domain. STKs catalyze the transfer of the
gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to serine/threonine
residues on protein substrates. The Cdc7-like subfamily
is part of a larger superfamily that includes the
catalytic domains of other protein STKs, protein
tyrosine kinases, RIO kinases, aminoglycoside
phosphotransferase, choline kinase, and phosphoinositide
3-kinase. Members of this subfamily include
Schizosaccharomyces pombe Cdc7, Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Cdc15, Arabidopsis thaliana mitogen-activated protein
kinase (MAPK) kinase kinase (MAPKKK) epsilon, and
related proteins. MAPKKKs phosphorylate and activate
MAPK kinases (MAPKKs or MKKs or MAP2Ks), which in turn
phosphorylate and activate MAPKs during signaling
cascades that are important in mediating cellular
responses to extracellular signals. Fission yeast Cdc7
is essential for cell division by playing a key role in
the initiation of septum formation and cytokinesis.
Budding yeast Cdc15 functions to coordinate mitotic exit
with cytokinesis. Arabidopsis MAPKKK epsilon is required
for pollen development in the plasma membrane.
Length = 254
Score = 34.9 bits (81), Expect = 0.014
Identities = 15/42 (35%), Positives = 22/42 (52%)
Query: 127 VLHQVEHGYRMPCPPGCPPRLYDIMLECWLKDPVKRPTFETL 168
L ++ P P G P L D +++C+ KDP RPT + L
Sbjct: 207 ALFRIVQDDHPPLPEGISPELKDFLMQCFQKDPNLRPTAKQL 248
>gnl|CDD|199832 cd10417, SH2_SH2D7, Src homology 2 domain found in the SH2 domain
containing protein 7 (SH2D7). SH2D7 contains a single
SH2 domain. In general SH2 domains are involved in
signal transduction. They typically bind
pTyr-containing ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr
and hydrophobic binding pocket, allowing proteins with
SH2 domains to localize to tyrosine phosphorylated
sites.
Length = 102
Score = 33.3 bits (76), Expect = 0.017
Identities = 28/84 (33%), Positives = 41/84 (48%), Gaps = 11/84 (13%)
Query: 1 WYFGKIKRIEAEKKLLLPENDHGAFLIRDSESRKNDYSLSEYKRSSFCL-----KMTTGR 55
W+ G I R + E+ LL + G+FLIR S+ R Y LS Y+ S C ++ R
Sbjct: 9 WFHGFITRKQTEQ--LLRDKALGSFLIRLSD-RATGYILS-YRGSDRCRHFVINQLRNRR 64
Query: 56 SLFETQKAGRTTIHYPELVEHYSK 79
L + +T+ ELV HY +
Sbjct: 65 YLISGDTSSHSTLA--ELVRHYQE 86
>gnl|CDD|198278 cd10415, SH2_Grb10, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in the growth
factor receptor bound, subclass 10 (Grb10) proteins.
The Grb family binds to the epidermal growth factor
receptor (EGFR, erbB1) via their SH2 domains. Grb10 is
part of the Grb7 family of proteins which also includes
Grb7, and Grb14. They are composed of an N-terminal
Proline-rich domain, a Ras Associating-like (RA) domain,
a Pleckstrin Homology (PH) domain, a phosphotyrosine
interaction region (PIR, BPS) and a C-terminal SH2
domain. The SH2 domains of Grb7, Grb10 and Grb14
preferentially bind to a different RTK. Grb10 has been
shown to interact with many different proteins,
including the insulin and IGF1 receptors,
platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) receptor-beta,
Ret, Kit, Raf1 and MEK1, and Nedd4. In general SH2
domains are involved in signal transduction. They
typically bind pTyr-containing ligands via two surface
pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic binding pocket, allowing
proteins with SH2 domains to localize to tyrosine
phosphorylated sites.
Length = 108
Score = 33.5 bits (76), Expect = 0.017
Identities = 23/101 (22%), Positives = 42/101 (41%), Gaps = 5/101 (4%)
Query: 1 WYFGKIKRIEAEKKLLLPENDHGAFLIRDSESRKNDYSLS-----EYKRSSFCLKMTTGR 55
W+ G+I R E+ + + G FL+RDS+S + L+ + K G+
Sbjct: 7 WFHGRISREESHRIIKQQGLVDGLFLLRDSQSNPKAFVLTLCHHQKIKNFQILPCEDDGQ 66
Query: 56 SLFETQKAGRTTIHYPELVEHYSKDADGLCVNLRKPCVQVS 96
+ F +LV+ Y + L L+ C++V+
Sbjct: 67 TFFSLDDGNTKFSDLIQLVDFYQLNKGVLPCKLKHHCIRVA 107
>gnl|CDD|198218 cd10355, SH2_DAPP1_BAM32_like, Src homology 2 domain found in
dual adaptor for phosphotyrosine and
3-phosphoinositides ( DAPP1)/B lymphocyte adaptor
molecule of 32 kDa (Bam32)-like proteins. DAPP1/Bam32
contains a putative myristoylation site at its
N-terminus, followed by a SH2 domain, and a pleckstrin
homology (PH) domain at its C-terminus. DAPP1 could
potentially be recruited to the cell membrane by any of
these domains. Its putative myristoylation site could
facilitate the interaction of DAPP1 with the lipid
bilayer. Its SH2 domain may also interact with
phosphotyrosine residues on membrane-associated
proteins such as activated tyrosine kinase receptors.
And finally its PH domain exhibits a high-affinity
interaction with the PtdIns(3,4,5)P(3) PtdIns(3,4)P(2)
second messengers produced at the cell membrane
following the activation of PI 3-kinases. DAPP1 is
thought to interact with both tyrosine phosphorylated
proteins and 3-phosphoinositides and therefore may play
a role in regulating the location and/or activity of
such proteins(s) in response to agonists that elevate
PtdIns(3,4,5)P(3) and PtdIns(3,4)P(2). This protein is
likely to play an important role in triggering signal
transduction pathways that lie downstream from receptor
tyrosine kinases and PI 3-kinase. It is likely that
DAPP1 functions as an adaptor to recruit other proteins
to the plasma membrane in response to extracellular
signals. In general SH2 domains are involved in signal
transduction. They typically bind pTyr-containing
ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic
binding pocket, allowing proteins with SH2 domains to
localize to tyrosine phosphorylated sites.
Length = 92
Score = 33.2 bits (76), Expect = 0.017
Identities = 16/40 (40%), Positives = 22/40 (55%), Gaps = 1/40 (2%)
Query: 1 WYFGKIKRIEAEKKLLLPENDHGAFLIRDSESRKNDYSLS 40
WY G + R AE LLL G++L+R+S +SLS
Sbjct: 8 WYHGNLTRHAAEA-LLLSNGVDGSYLLRNSNEGTGLFSLS 46
>gnl|CDD|198216 cd10353, SH2_Nterm_RasGAP, N-terminal Src homology 2 (SH2) domain
found in Ras GTPase-activating protein 1 (GAP). RasGAP
is part of the GAP1 family of GTPase-activating
proteins. The protein is located in the cytoplasm and
stimulates the GTPase activity of normal RAS p21, but
not its oncogenic counterpart. Acting as a suppressor
of RAS function, the protein enhances the weak
intrinsic GTPase activity of RAS proteins resulting in
RAS inactivation, thereby allowing control of cellular
proliferation and differentiation. Mutations leading to
changes in the binding sites of either protein are
associated with basal cell carcinomas. Alternative
splicing results in two isoforms. The shorter isoform
which lacks the N-terminal hydrophobic region, has the
same activity, and is expressed in placental tissues.
In general the longer isoform contains 2 SH2 domains, a
SH3 domain, a pleckstrin homology (PH) domain, and a
calcium-dependent phospholipid-binding C2 domain. The
C-terminus contains the catalytic domain of RasGap
which catalyzes the activation of Ras by hydrolyzing
GTP-bound active Ras into an inactive GDP-bound form of
Ras. This model contains the N-terminal SH2 domain. In
general SH2 domains are involved in signal
transduction. They typically bind pTyr-containing
ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic
binding pocket, allowing proteins with SH2 domains to
localize to tyrosine phosphorylated sites.
Length = 103
Score = 33.3 bits (76), Expect = 0.017
Identities = 16/46 (34%), Positives = 26/46 (56%), Gaps = 1/46 (2%)
Query: 1 WYFGKIKRIEAEKKLLLPENDHGAFLIRDSESRKNDYSLSEYKRSS 46
WY G++ R AE++L G++LIR+S+ R + LS R+
Sbjct: 21 WYHGRLDRTIAEERLR-QAGKLGSYLIRESDRRPGSFVLSFLSRTG 65
>gnl|CDD|198184 cd09930, SH2_cSH2_p85_like, C-terminal Src homology 2 (cSH2) domain
found in p85. Phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) are
essential for cell growth, migration, and survival.
p110, the catalytic subunit, is composed of an
adaptor-binding domain, a Ras-binding domain, a C2
domain, a helical domain, and a kinase domain. The
regulatory unit is called p85 and is composed of an SH3
domain, a RhoGap domain, a N-terminal SH2 (nSH2) domain,
a inter SH2 (iSH2) domain, and C-terminal (cSH2) domain.
There are 2 inhibitory interactions between p110alpha
and p85 of P13K: 1) p85 nSH2 domain with the C2,
helical, and kinase domains of p110alpha and 2) p85 iSH2
domain with C2 domain of p110alpha. There are 3
inhibitory interactions between p110beta and p85 of
P13K: 1) p85 nSH2 domain with the C2, helical, and
kinase domains of p110beta, 2) p85 iSH2 domain with C2
domain of p110alpha, and 3) p85 cSH2 domain with the
kinase domain of p110alpha. It is interesting to note
that p110beta is oncogenic as a wild type protein while
p110alpha lacks this ability. One explanation is the
idea that the regulation of p110beta by p85 is unique
because of the addition of inhibitory contacts from the
cSH2 domain and the loss of contacts in the iSH2 domain.
In general SH2 domains are involved in signal
transduction. They typically bind pTyr-containing
ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic
binding pocket, allowing proteins with SH2 domains to
localize to tyrosine phosphorylated sites.
Length = 104
Score = 33.2 bits (76), Expect = 0.019
Identities = 32/106 (30%), Positives = 44/106 (41%), Gaps = 27/106 (25%)
Query: 1 WYFGKIKRIEAEKKLLLPENDHGAFLIRDSESRKNDYSLSEYKRSSF--CLKMTTGR--- 55
W G I R +AE+ LL G FLIR+S S + Y+ S C+ T
Sbjct: 8 WLVGDINRTQAEE--LLRGKPDGTFLIRES-STQGCYACSVVCNGEVKHCVIYKTETGYG 64
Query: 56 -----SLFETQKAGRTTIHYPELVEHYSKDA-----DGLCVNLRKP 91
+L+E+ K ELV HY+ ++ D L V L P
Sbjct: 65 FAEPYNLYESLK---------ELVLHYAHNSLEQHNDSLTVTLAYP 101
>gnl|CDD|198263 cd10400, SH2_SAP1a, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in
SLAM-associated protein (SAP) 1a. The X-linked
lymphoproliferative syndrome (XLP) gene encodes SAP
(also called SH2D1A/DSHP) a protein that consists of a
5 residue N-terminus, a single SH2 domain, and a short
25 residue C-terminal tail. XLP is characterized by an
extreme sensitivity to Epstein-Barr virus. Both T and
natural killer (NK) cell dysfunctions have been seen in
XLP patients. SAP binds the cytoplasmic tail of
Signaling lymphocytic activation molecule (SLAM), 2B4,
Ly-9, and CD84. SAP is believed to function as a
signaling inhibitor, by blocking or regulating binding
of other signaling proteins. SAP and the SAP-like
protein EAT-2 recognize the sequence motif TIpYXX[VI],
which is found in the cytoplasmic domains of a
restricted number of T, B, and NK cell surface
receptors and are proposed to be natural inhibitors or
regulators of the physiological role of a small family
of receptors on the surface of these cells. In general
SH2 domains are involved in signal transduction. They
typically bind pTyr-containing ligands via two surface
pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic binding pocket,
allowing proteins with SH2 domains to localize to
tyrosine phosphorylated sites.
Length = 103
Score = 33.3 bits (76), Expect = 0.019
Identities = 19/38 (50%), Positives = 22/38 (57%), Gaps = 1/38 (2%)
Query: 2 YFGKIKRIEAEKKLLLPENDHGAFLIRDSESRKNDYSL 39
Y GKI R EK LL D G++L+RDSES Y L
Sbjct: 6 YHGKISRETGEKLLLAAGLD-GSYLLRDSESVPGVYCL 42
>gnl|CDD|198205 cd10342, SH2_SAP1, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in
SLAM-associated protein (SAP)1. The X-linked
lymphoproliferative syndrome (XLP) gene encodes SAP
(also called SH2D1A/DSHP) a protein that consists of a 5
residue N-terminus, a single SH2 domain, and a short 25
residue C-terminal tail. XLP is characterized by an
extreme sensitivity to Epstein-Barr virus. Both T and
natural killer (NK) cell dysfunctions have been seen in
XLP patients. SAP binds the cytoplasmic tail of
Signaling lymphocytic activation molecule (SLAM), 2B4,
Ly-9, and CD84. SAP is believed to function as a
signaling inhibitor, by blocking or regulating binding
of other signaling proteins. SAP and the SAP-like
protein EAT-2 recognize the sequence motif TIpYXX[VI],
which is found in the cytoplasmic domains of a
restricted number of T, B, and NK cell surface receptors
and are proposed to be natural inhibitors or regulators
of the physiological role of a small family of receptors
on the surface of these cells. In general SH2 domains
are involved in signal transduction. They typically bind
pTyr-containing ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr
and hydrophobic binding pocket, allowing proteins with
SH2 domains to localize to tyrosine phosphorylated
sites.
Length = 103
Score = 32.7 bits (74), Expect = 0.026
Identities = 29/100 (29%), Positives = 41/100 (41%), Gaps = 7/100 (7%)
Query: 1 WYFGKIKRIEAEKKLLLPENDHGAFLIRDSESRKNDYSLS-EYKRSSFCLKM---TTGRS 56
Y GKI R EK LLL G++L+RDSES Y L Y + ++ TG
Sbjct: 5 VYHGKISRETGEK-LLLATGLDGSYLLRDSESVPGVYCLCVLYHGYIYTYRVSQTETGSW 63
Query: 57 LFETQKAGRTTI--HYPELVEHYSKDADGLCVNLRKPCVQ 94
ET L+ + K G+ + L+ P +
Sbjct: 64 SAETAPGVHKRYFRKIKNLISAFQKPDQGIVIPLQYPVEK 103
>gnl|CDD|198181 cd09927, SH2_Tensin_like, Src homology 2 domain found in
Tensin-like proteins. SH2 domain found in Tensin-like
proteins. The Tensins are a family of intracellular
proteins that interact with receptor tyrosine kinases
(RTKs), integrins, and actin. They are thought act as
signaling bridges between the extracellular space and
the cytoskeleton. There are four homologues: Tensin1,
Tensin2 (TENC1, C1-TEN), Tensin3 and Tensin4 (cten),
all of which contain a C-terminal tandem SH2-PTB domain
pairing, as well as actin-binding regions that may
localize them to focal adhesions. The isoforms of
Tensin2 and Tensin3 contain N-terminal C1 domains,
which are atypical and not expected to bind to phorbol
esters. Tensins 1-3 contain a phosphatase (PTPase) and
C2 domain pairing which resembles PTEN (phosphatase and
tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10) protein.
PTEN is a lipid phosphatase that dephosphorylates
phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate
(PtdIns(3,4,5)P3) to yield phosphatidylinositol
4,5-bisphosphate (PtdIns(4,5)P2). As PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 is
the product of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)
activity, PTEN is therefore a key negative regulator of
the PI3K pathway. Because of their PTEN-like domains,
the Tensins may also possess phosphoinositide-binding
or phosphatase capabilities. However, only Tensin2 and
Tensin3 have the potential to be phosphatases since
only their PTPase domains contain a cysteine residue
that is essential for catalytic activity. In general
SH2 domains are involved in signal transduction. They
typically bind pTyr-containing ligands via two surface
pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic binding pocket,
allowing proteins with SH2 domains to localize to
tyrosine phosphorylated sites.
Length = 116
Score = 32.8 bits (75), Expect = 0.028
Identities = 16/39 (41%), Positives = 20/39 (51%), Gaps = 2/39 (5%)
Query: 1 WYFGKIKRIEAEKKLLLPENDHGAFLIRDSESRKNDYSL 39
WY I R +A LL + G FL+RDS + K Y L
Sbjct: 5 WYKPNISRDQAIA--LLKDKPPGTFLVRDSTTYKGAYGL 41
>gnl|CDD|198270 cd10407, SH2_Vav3, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in the Vav3
proteins. Proto-oncogene vav is a member of the Dbl
family of guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEF) for
the Rho family of GTP binding proteins. All vavs are
activated by tyrosine phosphorylation leading to their
activation. There are three Vav mammalian family
members: Vav1 which is expressed in the hematopoietic
system, and Vav2 and Vav3 are more ubiquitously
expressed. Vav3 preferentially activates RhoA, RhoG
and, to a lesser extent, Rac1. Alternatively spliced
transcript variants encoding different isoforms have
been described for this gene. VAV3 has been shown to
interact with Grb2. Vav proteins are involved in
several processes that require cytoskeletal
reorganization, such as the formation of the
immunological synapse (IS), phagocytosis, platelet
aggregation, spreading, and transformation. Vavs
function as guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs)
for the Rho/Rac family of GTPases. Vav family members
have several conserved motifs/domains including: a
leucine-rich region, a leucine-zipper, a calponin
homology (CH) domain, an acidic domain, a Dbl-homology
(DH) domain, a pleckstrin homology (PH) domain, a
cysteine-rich domain, 2 SH3 domains, a proline-rich
region, and a SH2 domain. Vavs are the only known Rho
GEFs that have both the DH/PH motifs and SH2/SH3
domains in the same protein. The leucine-rich
helix-loop-helix (HLH) domain is thought to be involved
in protein heterodimerization with other HLH proteins
and it may function as a negative regulator by forming
inactive heterodimers. The CH domain is usually
involved in the association with filamentous actin, but
in Vav it controls NFAT stimulation, Ca2+ mobilization,
and its transforming activity. Acidic domains are
involved in protein-protein interactions and contain
regulatory tyrosines. The DH domain is a GDP-GTP
exchange factor on Rho/Rac GTPases. The PH domain in
involved in interactions with GTP-binding proteins,
lipids and/or phosphorylated serine/threonine residues.
The SH3 domain is involved in localization of proteins
to specific sites within the cell interacting with
protein with proline-rich sequences. The SH2 domain
mediates a high affinity interaction with tyrosine
phosphorylated proteins. In general SH2 domains are
involved in signal transduction. They typically bind
pTyr-containing ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr
and hydrophobic binding pocket, allowing proteins with
SH2 domains to localize to tyrosine phosphorylated
sites.
Length = 103
Score = 32.7 bits (74), Expect = 0.034
Identities = 22/78 (28%), Positives = 38/78 (48%), Gaps = 4/78 (5%)
Query: 1 WYFGKIKRIEAEKKLLLPENDHGAFLIRDSESRKNDYSLS-EYKRSSFCLKMTTGRSLFE 59
WY G ++R++AE +L+ N +L+R +Y++S +Y +K+ T F
Sbjct: 7 WYAGAMERLQAETELINRVNS--TYLVRHRTKESGEYAISIKYNNEVKHIKILTRDGFFH 64
Query: 60 TQKAGRTTIHYPELVEHY 77
+ R ELVE+Y
Sbjct: 65 IAE-NRKFKSLMELVEYY 81
>gnl|CDD|198199 cd09946, SH2_HSH2_like, Src homology 2 domain found in
hematopoietic SH2 (HSH2) protein. HSH2 is thought to
function as an adapter protein involved in tyrosine
kinase signaling. It may also be involved in regulating
cytokine signaling and cytoskeletal reorganization in
hematopoietic cells. HSH2 contains several putative
protein-binding motifs, SH3-binding proline-rich
regions, and phosphotyrosine sites, but lacks enzymatic
motifs. HSH2 was found to interact with
cytokine-regulated tyrosine kinase c-FES and an
activated Cdc42-associated tyrosine kinase ACK1. HSH2
binds c-FES through both its C-terminal region and its
N-terminal region including the SH2 domain and binds
ACK1 via its N-terminal proline-rich region. Both
kinases bound and tyrosine-phosphorylated HSH2 in
mammalian cells. In general SH2 domains are involved
in signal transduction. They typically bind
pTyr-containing ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr
and hydrophobic binding pocket, allowing proteins with
SH2 domains to localize to tyrosine phosphorylated
sites.
Length = 102
Score = 32.6 bits (74), Expect = 0.036
Identities = 21/48 (43%), Positives = 25/48 (52%), Gaps = 4/48 (8%)
Query: 1 WYFGKIKRIEAEKKLLLPENDHGAFLIRDSESRKNDYSLSEYKRSSFC 48
W+ G I R AE +L G+FLIR S S Y+LS YK S C
Sbjct: 9 WFHGAISREAAEN--MLESQPLGSFLIRVSHSHVG-YTLS-YKAQSSC 52
>gnl|CDD|198277 cd10414, SH2_Grb14, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in the growth
factor receptor bound, subclass 14 (Grb14) proteins.
The Grb family binds to the epidermal growth factor
receptor (EGFR, erbB1) via their SH2 domains. Grb14 is
part of the Grb7 family of proteins which also includes
Grb7, and Grb14. They are composed of an N-terminal
Proline-rich domain, a Ras Associating-like (RA) domain,
a Pleckstrin Homology (PH) domain, a phosphotyrosine
interaction region (PIR, BPS) and a C-terminal SH2
domain. The SH2 domains of Grb7, Grb10 and Grb14
preferentially bind to a different RTK. Grb14 binds to
Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor (FGFR) and weakly to
the erbB2 receptor. In general SH2 domains are involved
in signal transduction. They typically bind
pTyr-containing ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr
and hydrophobic binding pocket, allowing proteins with
SH2 domains to localize to tyrosine phosphorylated
sites.
Length = 108
Score = 32.2 bits (73), Expect = 0.043
Identities = 29/101 (28%), Positives = 45/101 (44%), Gaps = 5/101 (4%)
Query: 1 WYFGKIKRIEAEKKLLLPENDHGAFLIRDSESRKNDYSLS---EYKRSSF-CLKMTTGRS 56
W+ KI R EA++ ++ G FL+RDS+S + LS K F + +
Sbjct: 7 WFHHKISRDEAQRLIIQQGLVDGVFLVRDSQSNPRTFVLSMSHGQKIKHFQIIPVEDDGE 66
Query: 57 LFETQKAGRTTI-HYPELVEHYSKDADGLCVNLRKPCVQVS 96
LF T G T +LVE Y + L L+ C +++
Sbjct: 67 LFHTLDDGHTRFTDLIQLVEFYQLNKGVLPCKLKHYCARIA 107
>gnl|CDD|198262 cd10399, SH2_Tec_Bmx, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in Tec
protein, Bmx. A member of the Tec protein tyrosine
kinase Bmx is expressed in the endothelium of large
arteries, fetal endocardium, adult endocardium of the
left ventricle, bone marrow, lung, testis, granulocytes,
myeloid cell lines, and prostate cell lines. Bmx is
involved in the regulation of Rho and serum response
factor (SRF). Bmx has been shown to interact with PAK1,
PTK2, PTPN21, and RUFY1. Most of the Tec family members
have a PH domain (Txk and the short (type 1) splice
variant of Drosophila Btk29A are exceptions), a Tec
homology (TH) domain, a SH3 domain, a SH2 domain, and a
protein kinase catalytic domain. The TH domain consists
of a Zn2+-binding Btk motif and a proline-rich region.
The Btk motif is found in Tec kinases, Ras GAP, and
IGBP. It is crucial for the function of Tec PH domains.
It is not present in Txk and the type 1 splice form of
the Drosophila homolog. The proline-rich regions are
highly conserved for the most part with the exception of
Bmx whose residues surrounding the PXXP motif are not
conserved (TH-like) and Btk29A which is entirely unique
with large numbers of glycine residues (TH-extended).
Tec family members all lack a C-terminal tyrosine having
an autoinhibitory function in its phosphorylated state.
In general SH2 domains are involved in signal
transduction. They typically bind pTyr-containing
ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic
binding pocket, allowing proteins with SH2 domains to
localize to tyrosine phosphorylated sites.
Length = 106
Score = 32.2 bits (73), Expect = 0.043
Identities = 23/100 (23%), Positives = 49/100 (49%), Gaps = 13/100 (13%)
Query: 1 WYFGKIKRIEAEKKLLLPENDHGAFLIRDSESRKNDYSLSEYKRSS---------FCLKM 51
W+ G I R ++E+ LL + GAF++R+S S+ Y++S + ++ + +
Sbjct: 8 WFAGNISRSQSEQ-LLRQKGKEGAFMVRNS-SQVGMYTVSLFSKAVNDKKGTVKHYHVHT 65
Query: 52 TTGRSLFETQKAGRTTIHYPELVEHYSKDADGLCVNLRKP 91
L+ + +I P+L+ ++ ++ G+ LR P
Sbjct: 66 NAENKLYLAENYCFDSI--PKLIHYHQHNSAGMITRLRHP 103
>gnl|CDD|198220 cd10357, SH2_ShkD_ShkE, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in SH2
domain-bearing protein kinases D and E (ShkD and ShkE).
SH2-bearing genes cloned from Dictyostelium include
two transcription factors, STATa and STATc, and a
signaling factor, SHK1 (shkA). A database search of the
Dictyostelium discoideum genome revealed two additional
putative STAT sequences, dd-STATb and dd-STATd, and
four additional putative SHK genes, dd-SHK2 (shkB),
dd-SHK3 (shkC), dd-SHK4 (shkD), and dd-SHK5 (shkE).
This model contains members of shkD and shkE. All of
the SHK members are most closely related to the protein
kinases found in plants. However these kinases in
plants are not conjugated to any SH2 or SH2-like
sequences. Alignment data indicates that the SHK SH2
domains carry some features of the STAT SH2 domains in
Dictyostelium. When STATc's linker domain was used for
a BLAST search, the sequence between the protein kinase
domain and the SH2 domain (the linker) of SHK was
recovered, suggesting a close relationship among these
molecules within this region. SHK's linker domain is
predicted to contain an alpha-helix which is indeed
homologous to that of STAT. Based on the phylogenetic
alignment, SH2 domains can be grouped into two
categories, STAT-type and Src-type. SHK family members
are in between, but are closer to the STAT-type which
indicates a close relationship between SHK and STAT
families in their SH2 domains and further supports the
notion that SHKs linker-SH2 domain evolved from STAT or
STATL (STAT-like Linker-SH2) domain found in plants. In
SHK, STAT, and SPT6, the linker-SH2 domains all reside
exclusively in the C-terminal regions. In general SH2
domains are involved in signal transduction. They
typically bind pTyr-containing ligands via two surface
pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic binding pocket,
allowing proteins with SH2 domains to localize to
tyrosine phosphorylated sites.
Length = 87
Score = 31.3 bits (71), Expect = 0.076
Identities = 21/48 (43%), Positives = 30/48 (62%), Gaps = 6/48 (12%)
Query: 1 WYFGKIKRIEAEKKLL-LPENDHGAFLIRDS--ESRKNDYSLSEYKRS 45
W+ G I R EAEK+L PE G FLIR S + +K +++S+ K+S
Sbjct: 12 WFHGDISRDEAEKRLRGRPE---GTFLIRLSSTDPKKTPFTISKKKKS 56
>gnl|CDD|198247 cd10384, SH2_SOCS3, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in
suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins. SH2
domain found in SOCS proteins. SOCS was first
recognized as a group of cytokine-inducible SH2 (CIS)
domain proteins comprising eight family members in
human (CIS and SOCS1-SOCS7). In addition to the SH2
domain, SOCS proteins have a variable N-terminal domain
and a conserved SOCS box in the C-terminal domain. SOCS
proteins bind to a substrate via their SH2 domain. The
prototypical members, CIS and SOCS1-SOCS3, have been
shown to regulate growth hormone signaling in vitro and
in a classic negative feedback response compete for
binding at phosphotyrosine sites in JAK kinase and
receptor pathways to displace effector proteins and
target bound receptors for proteasomal degradation.
Loss of SOCS activity results in excessive cytokine
signaling associated with a variety of hematopoietic,
autoimmune, and inflammatory diseases and certain
cancers. Members (SOCS4-SOCS7) were identified by their
conserved SOCS box, an adapter motif of 3 helices that
associates substrate binding domains, such as the SOCS
SH2 domain, ankryin, and WD40 with ubiquitin ligase
components. These show limited cytokine induction. In
general SH2 domains are involved in signal
transduction. They typically bind pTyr-containing
ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic
binding pocket, allowing proteins with SH2 domains to
localize to tyrosine phosphorylated sites.
Length = 101
Score = 31.6 bits (72), Expect = 0.077
Identities = 23/92 (25%), Positives = 39/92 (42%), Gaps = 25/92 (27%)
Query: 1 WYFGKIKRIEAEKKLLLPENDHGAFLIRDSESRKNDYSLSEYKRSSFCLKMTTG------ 54
+Y+ + EA LLL G FLIRDS +++ ++LS +K +G
Sbjct: 12 FYWSTVSGKEA--NLLLSAEPAGTFLIRDSSDQRHFFTLS--------VKTESGTKNLRI 61
Query: 55 ----RSLF-ETQ-KAGRTTIHYP---ELVEHY 77
S +T ++ + + +LV HY
Sbjct: 62 QCEGGSFSLQTDPRSTQPVPRFDCVLKLVHHY 93
>gnl|CDD|198214 cd10351, SH2_SH2D4B, Src homology 2 domain found in the SH2
domain containing protein 4B (SH2D4B). SH2D4B contains
a single SH2 domain. In general SH2 domains are
involved in signal transduction. They typically bind
pTyr-containing ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr
and hydrophobic binding pocket, allowing proteins with
SH2 domains to localize to tyrosine phosphorylated
sites.
Length = 103
Score = 31.0 bits (70), Expect = 0.11
Identities = 20/47 (42%), Positives = 26/47 (55%), Gaps = 3/47 (6%)
Query: 1 WYFGKIKRIEAEKKLLLPENDHGAFLIRDSESRKNDYSLSEYKRSSF 47
W+ G I R EAE LL G+FL+R SE + Y+LS +S F
Sbjct: 9 WFHGIISREEAEA--LLMNATEGSFLVRVSE-KIWGYTLSYRLQSGF 52
>gnl|CDD|214567 smart00220, S_TKc, Serine/Threonine protein kinases, catalytic
domain. Phosphotransferases. Serine or
threonine-specific kinase subfamily.
Length = 254
Score = 31.0 bits (71), Expect = 0.30
Identities = 12/52 (23%), Positives = 19/52 (36%), Gaps = 2/52 (3%)
Query: 119 SGGMTNAEVLHQVEHGYR--MPCPPGCPPRLYDIMLECWLKDPVKRPTFETL 168
G E+ ++ P P D++ + +KDP KR T E
Sbjct: 197 PGDDQLLELFKKIGKPKPPFPPPEWDISPEAKDLIRKLLVKDPEKRLTAEEA 248
>gnl|CDD|198246 cd10383, SH2_SOCS2, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in
suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins. SH2
domain found in SOCS proteins. SOCS was first
recognized as a group of cytokine-inducible SH2 (CIS)
domain proteins comprising eight family members in
human (CIS and SOCS1-SOCS7). In addition to the SH2
domain, SOCS proteins have a variable N-terminal domain
and a conserved SOCS box in the C-terminal domain. SOCS
proteins bind to a substrate via their SH2 domain. The
prototypical members, CIS and SOCS1-SOCS3, have been
shown to regulate growth hormone signaling in vitro and
in a classic negative feedback response compete for
binding at phosphotyrosine sites in JAK kinase and
receptor pathways to displace effector proteins and
target bound receptors for proteasomal degradation.
Loss of SOCS activity results in excessive cytokine
signaling associated with a variety of hematopoietic,
autoimmune, and inflammatory diseases and certain
cancers. Members (SOCS4-SOCS7) were identified by their
conserved SOCS box, an adapter motif of 3 helices that
associates substrate binding domains, such as the SOCS
SH2 domain, ankryin, and WD40 with ubiquitin ligase
components. These show limited cytokine induction. In
general SH2 domains are involved in signal
transduction. They typically bind pTyr-containing
ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic
binding pocket, allowing proteins with SH2 domains to
localize to tyrosine phosphorylated sites.
Length = 103
Score = 29.8 bits (67), Expect = 0.32
Identities = 16/40 (40%), Positives = 23/40 (57%), Gaps = 4/40 (10%)
Query: 1 WYFGKIKRIEAEKKLLLPENDHGAFLIRDSESRKNDYSLS 40
WY+G + EA++KL + G FL+RDS DY L+
Sbjct: 9 WYWGSMTVNEAKEKL--QDAPEGTFLVRDSSHS--DYLLT 44
>gnl|CDD|133174 cd05042, PTKc_Aatyk, Catalytic domain of the Protein Tyrosine
Kinases, Apoptosis-associated tyrosine kinases. Protein
Tyrosine Kinase (PTK) family; Apoptosis-associated
tyrosine kinase (Aatyk) subfamily; catalytic (c) domain.
The Aatyk subfamily is also referred to as the lemur
tyrosine kinase (Lmtk) subfamily. It consists of Aatyk1
(Lmtk1), Aatyk2 (Lmtk2, Brek), Aatyk3 (Lmtk3), and
similar proteins. The PTKc family is part of a larger
superfamily that includes the catalytic domains of other
kinases such as protein serine/threonine kinases, RIO
kinases, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). PTKs
catalyze the transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group from
ATP to tyrosine (tyr) residues in protein substrates.
Aatyk proteins are mostly receptor tyr kinases (RTKs)
containing a transmembrane segment and a long C-terminal
cytoplasmic tail with a catalytic domain. Aatyk1 does
not contain a transmembrane segment and is a cytoplasmic
(or nonreceptor) kinase. Aatyk proteins are classified
as tyr kinases based on overall sequence similarity and
the phylogenetic tree. However, analysis of catalytic
residues suggests that Aatyk proteins may be
multispecific kinases, functioning also as
serine/threonine kinases. They are involved in neural
differentiation, nerve growth factor (NGF) signaling,
apoptosis, and spermatogenesis.
Length = 269
Score = 31.0 bits (70), Expect = 0.32
Identities = 19/50 (38%), Positives = 27/50 (54%), Gaps = 6/50 (12%)
Query: 122 MTNAEVLHQV--EHGYRMPCPPGCPP---RLYDIMLECWLKDPVKRPTFE 166
+++ +VL QV E ++P P R Y++M CWL DP RPT E
Sbjct: 213 LSDEQVLKQVVREQDIKLPKPQLDLKYSDRWYEVMQFCWL-DPETRPTAE 261
>gnl|CDD|198219 cd10356, SH2_ShkA_ShkC, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in SH2
domain-bearing protein kinases A and C (ShkA and ShkC).
SH2-bearing genes cloned from Dictyostelium include
two transcription factors, STATa and STATc, and a
signaling factor, SHK1 (shkA). A database search of the
Dictyostelium discoideum genome revealed two additional
putative STAT sequences, dd-STATb and dd-STATd, and
four additional putative SHK genes, dd-SHK2 (shkB),
dd-SHK3 (shkC), dd-SHK4 (shkD), and dd-SHK5 (shkE).
This model contains members of shkA and shkC. All of
the SHK members are most closely related to the protein
kinases found in plants. However these kinases in
plants are not conjugated to any SH2 or SH2-like
sequences. Alignment data indicates that the SHK SH2
domains carry some features of the STAT SH2 domains in
Dictyostelium. When STATc's linker domain was used for
a BLAST search, the sequence between the protein kinase
domain and the SH2 domain (the linker) of SHK was
recovered, suggesting a close relationship among these
molecules within this region. SHK's linker domain is
predicted to contain an alpha-helix which is indeed
homologous to that of STAT. Based on the phylogenetic
alignment, SH2 domains can be grouped into two
categories, STAT-type and Src-type. SHK family members
are in between, but are closer to the STAT-type which
indicates a close relationship between SHK and STAT
families in their SH2 domains and further supports the
notion that SHKs linker-SH2 domain evolved from STAT or
STATL (STAT-like Linker-SH2) domain found in plants. In
SHK, STAT, and SPT6, the linker-SH2 domains all reside
exclusively in the C-terminal regions. In general SH2
domains are involved in signal transduction. They
typically bind pTyr-containing ligands via two surface
pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic binding pocket,
allowing proteins with SH2 domains to localize to
tyrosine phosphorylated sites.
Length = 113
Score = 29.9 bits (67), Expect = 0.38
Identities = 14/41 (34%), Positives = 21/41 (51%), Gaps = 2/41 (4%)
Query: 1 WYFGKIKRIEAEKKLLLPENDHGAFLIRDSESRKNDYSLSE 41
W+ G I E+E +L G FL+R S S Y++S+
Sbjct: 12 WFHGDISTSESENRL--NGKPEGTFLVRFSTSEPGAYTISK 50
>gnl|CDD|140293 PTZ00267, PTZ00267, NIMA-related protein kinase; Provisional.
Length = 478
Score = 30.8 bits (69), Expect = 0.47
Identities = 13/48 (27%), Positives = 22/48 (45%)
Query: 121 GMTNAEVLHQVEHGYRMPCPPGCPPRLYDIMLECWLKDPVKRPTFETL 168
G + E++ QV +G P P + ++ K+P RPT + L
Sbjct: 273 GPSQREIMQQVLYGKYDPFPCPVSSGMKALLDPLLSKNPALRPTTQQL 320
>gnl|CDD|198193 cd09940, SH2_Vav_family, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in the
Vav family. Vav proteins are involved in several
processes that require cytoskeletal reorganization,
such as the formation of the immunological synapse
(IS), phagocytosis, platelet aggregation, spreading,
and transformation. Vavs function as guanine
nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) for the Rho/Rac
family of GTPases. Vav family members have several
conserved motifs/domains including: a leucine-rich
region, a leucine-zipper, a calponin homology (CH)
domain, an acidic domain, a Dbl-homology (DH) domain, a
pleckstrin homology (PH) domain, a cysteine-rich
domain, 2 SH3 domains, a proline-rich region, and a
SH2 domain. Vavs are the only known Rho GEFs that have
both the DH/PH motifs and SH2/SH3 domains in the same
protein. The leucine-rich helix-loop-helix (HLH) domain
is thought to be involved in protein heterodimerization
with other HLH proteins and it may function as a
negative regulator by forming inactive heterodimers.
The CH domain is usually involved in the association
with filamentous actin, but in Vav it controls NFAT
stimulation, Ca2+ mobilization, and its transforming
activity. Acidic domains are involved in
protein-protein interactions and contain regulatory
tyrosines. The DH domain is a GDP-GTP exchange factor
on Rho/Rac GTPases. The PH domain in involved in
interactions with GTP-binding proteins, lipids and/or
phosphorylated serine/threonine residues. The SH3
domain is involved in localization of proteins to
specific sites within the cell interacting with protein
with proline-rich sequences. The SH2 domain mediates a
high affinity interaction with tyrosine phosphorylated
proteins. There are three Vav mammalian family
members: Vav1 which is expressed in the hematopoietic
system, Vav2 and Vav3 are more ubiquitously expressed.
The members here include insect and amphibian Vavs. In
general SH2 domains are involved in signal
transduction. They typically bind pTyr-containing
ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic
binding pocket, allowing proteins with SH2 domains to
localize to tyrosine phosphorylated sites.
Length = 102
Score = 29.2 bits (66), Expect = 0.56
Identities = 12/40 (30%), Positives = 22/40 (55%), Gaps = 2/40 (5%)
Query: 1 WYFGKIKRIEAEKKLLLPENDHGAFLIRDSESRKNDYSLS 40
W+ G+++R AE +L + G +L+R + Y+LS
Sbjct: 7 WFVGEMERDTAENRLENRPD--GTYLVRVRPQGETQYALS 44
>gnl|CDD|198213 cd10350, SH2_SH2D4A, Src homology 2 domain found in the SH2
domain containing protein 4A (SH2D4A). SH2D4A contains
a single SH2 domain. In general SH2 domains are
involved in signal transduction. They typically bind
pTyr-containing ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr
and hydrophobic binding pocket, allowing proteins with
SH2 domains to localize to tyrosine phosphorylated
sites.
Length = 103
Score = 29.1 bits (65), Expect = 0.60
Identities = 16/40 (40%), Positives = 22/40 (55%), Gaps = 3/40 (7%)
Query: 1 WYFGKIKRIEAEKKLLLPENDHGAFLIRDSESRKNDYSLS 40
W+ G + +A + LL G+FLIR SE K Y+LS
Sbjct: 9 WFHGILTLKKANE--LLLSTMPGSFLIRVSEKIKG-YALS 45
>gnl|CDD|173623 cd00180, PKc, Catalytic domain of Protein Kinases. Protein Kinases
(PKs), catalytic (c) domain. PKs catalyze the transfer
of the gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to
serine/threonine or tyrosine residues on protein
substrates. The PK family is part of a larger
superfamily that includes the catalytic domains of RIO
kinases, aminoglycoside phosphotransferase, choline
kinase, phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), and
actin-fragmin kinase. PKs make up a large family of
serine/threonine kinases, protein tyrosine kinases
(PTKs), and dual-specificity PKs that phosphorylate both
serine/threonine and tyrosine residues of target
proteins. Majority of protein phosphorylation, about
95%, occurs on serine residues while only 1% occurs on
tyrosine residues. Protein phosphorylation is a
mechanism by which a wide variety of cellular proteins,
such as enzymes and membrane channels, are reversibly
regulated in response to certain stimuli. PKs often
function as components of signal transduction pathways
in which one kinase activates a second kinase, which in
turn, may act on other kinases; this sequential action
transmits a signal from the cell surface to target
proteins, which results in cellular responses. The PK
family is one of the largest known protein families with
more than 100 homologous yeast enzymes and 550 human
proteins. A fraction of PK family members are
pseudokinases that lack crucial residues for catalytic
activity. The mutiplicity of kinases allows for specific
regulation according to substrate, tissue distribution,
and cellular localization. PKs regulate many cellular
processes including proliferation, division,
differentiation, motility, survival, metabolism,
cell-cycle progression, cytoskeletal rearrangement,
immunity, and neuronal functions. Many kinases are
implicated in the development of various human diseases
including different types of cancer.
Length = 215
Score = 29.5 bits (67), Expect = 0.70
Identities = 9/24 (37%), Positives = 15/24 (62%)
Query: 145 PRLYDIMLECWLKDPVKRPTFETL 168
P L D++ + KDP KRP+ + +
Sbjct: 188 PELKDLIRKMLQKDPEKRPSAKEI 211
>gnl|CDD|173627 cd05037, PTK_Jak_rpt1, Pseudokinase (repeat 1) domain of the
Protein Tyrosine Kinases, Janus kinases. Protein
Tyrosine Kinase (PTK) family; Janus kinase (Jak)
subfamily; pseudokinase domain (repeat1). The Jak
subfamily is composed of Jak1, Jak2, Jak3, TYK2, and
similar proteins. The PTKc (catalytic domain) family to
which this subfamily belongs, is part of a larger
superfamily that includes the catalytic domains of other
kinases such as protein serine/threonine kinases, RIO
kinases, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). PTKs
catalyze the transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group from
ATP to tyrosine (tyr) residues in protein substrates.
Jak subfamily proteins are cytoplasmic (or nonreceptor)
tyr kinases containing an N-terminal FERM domain,
followed by a Src homology 2 (SH2) domain, a
pseudokinase domain, and a C-terminal catalytic tyr
kinase domain. The pseudokinase domain shows similarity
to tyr kinases but lacks crucial residues for catalytic
activity and ATP binding. It modulates the kinase
activity of the C-terminal catalytic domain. Most Jaks
are expressed in a wide variety of tissues, except for
Jak3, which is expressed only in hematopoietic cells.
Jaks are crucial for cytokine receptor signaling. They
are activated by autophosphorylation upon
cytokine-induced receptor aggregation, and subsequently
trigger downstream signaling events such as the
phosphorylation of signal transducers and activators of
transcription (STATs). Jaks are also involved in
regulating the surface expression of some cytokine
receptors. The Jak-STAT pathway is involved in many
biological processes including hematopoiesis,
immunoregulation, host defense, fertility, lactation,
growth, and embryogenesis.
Length = 259
Score = 29.7 bits (67), Expect = 0.74
Identities = 14/46 (30%), Positives = 26/46 (56%), Gaps = 2/46 (4%)
Query: 123 TNAEVLHQVEHGYRMPCPPGCPPRLYDIMLECWLKDPVKRPTFETL 168
+++E + +R+P P C L +++ +CW DP KRP+F +
Sbjct: 211 SSSEKERFYQDQHRLPMPD-CAE-LANLINQCWTYDPTKRPSFRAI 254
>gnl|CDD|215690 pfam00069, Pkinase, Protein kinase domain.
Length = 260
Score = 29.5 bits (67), Expect = 0.88
Identities = 10/23 (43%), Positives = 13/23 (56%)
Query: 144 PPRLYDIMLECWLKDPVKRPTFE 166
D++ +C KDP KRPT E
Sbjct: 230 SEEAKDLIKKCLNKDPSKRPTAE 252
>gnl|CDD|173755 cd08215, STKc_Nek, Catalytic domain of the Protein Serine/Threonine
Kinase, Never In Mitosis gene A-related kinase.
Serine/Threonine Kinases (STKs), Never In Mitosis gene A
(NIMA)-related kinase (Nek) family, catalytic (c)
domain. STKs catalyze the transfer of the
gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to serine/threonine
residues on protein substrates. The Nek family is part
of a larger superfamily that includes the catalytic
domains of other protein STKs, protein tyrosine kinases,
RIO kinases, aminoglycoside phosphotransferase, choline
kinase, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase. The Nek family is
composed of 11 different mammalian members (Nek1-11)
with similarity to the catalytic domain of Aspergillus
nidulans NIMA kinase, the founding member of the Nek
family which was identified in a screen for cell cycle
mutants that were prevented from entering mitosis. Neks
contain a conserved N-terminal catalytic domain and a
more divergent C-terminal regulatory region of various
sizes and structures. They are involved in the
regulation of downstream processes following the
activation of Cdc2, and many of their functions are cell
cycle-related. They play critical roles in microtubule
dynamics during ciliogenesis and mitosis.
Length = 258
Score = 29.4 bits (67), Expect = 0.91
Identities = 26/126 (20%), Positives = 43/126 (34%), Gaps = 44/126 (34%)
Query: 55 RSLFETQKAGRT---TIHY--PELVEH--YSKDAD----GLCV-----NLRKPCVQVSCR 98
+ L T +T T +Y PEL ++ Y+ +D G CV L+ P
Sbjct: 151 KVLSSTVDLAKTVVGTPYYLSPELCQNKPYNYKSDIWSLG-CVLYELCTLKHP------- 202
Query: 99 IYLVHGTNLSGVVVSAVDFGSGGMTNAEVLHQVEHGYRMPCPPGCPPRLYDIMLECWLKD 158
F + E+ ++ G P P L +++ KD
Sbjct: 203 ------------------FEGENL--LELALKILKGQYPPIPSQYSSELRNLVSSLLQKD 242
Query: 159 PVKRPT 164
P +RP+
Sbjct: 243 PEERPS 248
>gnl|CDD|179001 PRK00395, hfq, RNA-binding protein Hfq; Provisional.
Length = 79
Score = 27.6 bits (62), Expect = 1.1
Identities = 13/26 (50%), Positives = 16/26 (61%), Gaps = 2/26 (7%)
Query: 88 LRKPCVQVSCRIYLVHGTNLSGVVVS 113
LRK V V+ IYLV+G L G + S
Sbjct: 15 LRKERVPVT--IYLVNGIKLQGQIES 38
>gnl|CDD|198276 cd10413, SH2_Grb7, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in the
growth factor receptor bound, subclass 7 (Grb7)
proteins. The Grb family binds to the epidermal growth
factor receptor (EGFR, erbB1) via their SH2 domains.
Grb7 is part of the Grb7 family of proteins which also
includes Grb10, and Grb14. They are composed of an
N-terminal Proline-rich domain, a Ras Associating-like
(RA) domain, a Pleckstrin Homology (PH) domain, a
phosphotyrosine interaction region (PIR, BPS) and a
C-terminal SH2 domain. The SH2 domains of Grb7, Grb10
and Grb14 preferentially bind to a different RTK. Grb7
binds strongly to the erbB2 receptor, unlike Grb10 and
Grb14 which bind weakly to it. Grb7 family proteins are
phosphorylated on serine/threonine as well as tyrosine
residues. In general SH2 domains are involved in signal
transduction. They typically bind pTyr-containing
ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic
binding pocket, allowing proteins with SH2 domains to
localize to tyrosine phosphorylated sites.
Length = 108
Score = 27.9 bits (62), Expect = 1.3
Identities = 12/40 (30%), Positives = 22/40 (55%)
Query: 1 WYFGKIKRIEAEKKLLLPENDHGAFLIRDSESRKNDYSLS 40
W+ G+I R E+++ + G FL+R+S+ + LS
Sbjct: 7 WFHGRISREESQRLIGQQGLVDGVFLVRESQRNPQGFVLS 46
>gnl|CDD|116688 pfam08083, PROCN, PROCN (NUC071) domain. The PROCN domain is the
central domain in pre-mRNA splicing factors of PRO8
family.
Length = 408
Score = 29.3 bits (66), Expect = 1.3
Identities = 20/79 (25%), Positives = 31/79 (39%), Gaps = 10/79 (12%)
Query: 119 SGGMTNAEVLHQVEHGYRMPCPPGCPPRL---YDIMLECWL------KDPVKRPTFETLQ 169
SG A+ + V+ Y P G P ++ Y +L+ ++ K P R L+
Sbjct: 23 SGKTKRAQDIPLVKKWYLEHPPKGYPVKVRVSYQKLLKNYVLNELHSKKPKNRKKRNLLK 82
Query: 170 -WKLEDFFTMEGSDYKEAS 187
K FF D+ EA
Sbjct: 83 SLKNTKFFQTTEIDWVEAG 101
>gnl|CDD|240344 PTZ00283, PTZ00283, serine/threonine protein kinase; Provisional.
Length = 496
Score = 28.3 bits (63), Expect = 2.6
Identities = 14/43 (32%), Positives = 21/43 (48%)
Query: 126 EVLHQVEHGYRMPCPPGCPPRLYDIMLECWLKDPVKRPTFETL 168
EV+H+ G P PP P + +I+ DP +RP+ L
Sbjct: 252 EVMHKTLAGRYDPLPPSISPEMQEIVTALLSSDPKRRPSSSKL 294
>gnl|CDD|132969 cd06638, STKc_myosinIIIA, Catalytic domain of the Protein
Serine/Threonine Kinase, Class IIIA myosin.
Serine/threonine kinases (STKs), class IIIA myosin
subfamily, catalytic (c) domain. STKs catalyze the
transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to
serine/threonine residues on protein substrates. The
class III myosin subfamily is part of a larger
superfamily that includes the catalytic domains of other
protein STKs, protein tyrosine kinases, RIO kinases,
aminoglycoside phosphotransferase, choline kinase, and
phosphoinositide 3-kinase. Class III myosins are motor
proteins containing an N-terminal kinase catalytic
domain and a C-terminal actin-binding domain. Class III
myosins may play an important role in maintaining the
structural integrity of photoreceptor cell microvilli.
In photoreceptor cells, they may also function as cargo
carriers during light-dependent translocation of
proteins such as transducin and arrestin. Class IIIA
myosin is highly expressed in retina and in inner ear
hair cells. It is localized to the distal ends of
actin-bundled structures. Mutations in human myosin IIIA
are responsible for progressive nonsyndromic hearing
loss. Human myosin IIIA possesses ATPase and kinase
activities, and the ability to move actin filaments in a
motility assay. It may function as a cellular
transporter capable of moving along actin bundles in
sensory cells.
Length = 286
Score = 28.1 bits (62), Expect = 2.6
Identities = 20/67 (29%), Positives = 32/67 (47%), Gaps = 13/67 (19%)
Query: 112 VSAVDFGSGGMTNAEVLHQVEHGYRMPCPPGCPPRLY----------DIMLECWLKDPVK 161
++A++ G G A+ LH + +++P P PP L+ D + +C KD K
Sbjct: 217 ITAIELGDGDPPLAD-LHPMRALFKIPRNP--PPTLHQPELWSNEFNDFIRKCLTKDYEK 273
Query: 162 RPTFETL 168
RPT L
Sbjct: 274 RPTVSDL 280
>gnl|CDD|173766 cd08226, PK_STRAD_beta, Pseudokinase domain of STE20-related kinase
adapter protein beta. Protein Kinase family,
STE20-related kinase adapter protein (STRAD) beta
subfamily, pseudokinase domain. The STRAD-beta subfamily
is part of a larger superfamily that includes the
catalytic domains of serine/threonine kinases (STKs),
protein tyrosine kinases, RIO kinases, aminoglycoside
phosphotransferase, choline kinase, and phosphoinositide
3-kinase. The pseudokinase domain shows similarity to
protein kinases but lacks crucial residues for catalytic
activity. STRAD forms a complex with the scaffolding
protein MO25, and the STK, LKB1, resulting in the
activation of the kinase. In the complex, LKB1
phosphorylates and activates adenosine
monophosphate-activated protein kinases (AMPKs), which
regulate cell energy metabolism and cell polarity. LKB1
is a tumor suppressor linked to the rare inherited
disease, Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, which is characterized
by a predisposition to benign polyps and
hyperpigmentation of the buccal mucosa. There are two
forms of STRAD, alpha and beta, that complex with LKB1
and MO25. STRAD-beta is also referred to as ALS2CR2
(Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 2 chromosomal region
candidate gene 2 protein), since the human gene encoding
it is located within the juvenile ALS2 critical region
on chromosome 2q33-q34. It is not linked to the
development of ALS2.
Length = 328
Score = 27.2 bits (60), Expect = 4.8
Identities = 16/61 (26%), Positives = 24/61 (39%), Gaps = 7/61 (11%)
Query: 108 SGVVVSAVDFGSGGMTNAEVLHQVEHGYRMPCPPGCPPRLYDIMLECWLKDPVKRPTFET 167
SG+ S V G +E L P P +++ C +DP KRP+ +
Sbjct: 252 SGIGESVVAAGMTQTMTSERLRT-------PSSKTFSPAFQNLVELCLQQDPEKRPSASS 304
Query: 168 L 168
L
Sbjct: 305 L 305
>gnl|CDD|198249 cd10386, SH2_SOCS5, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in
suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) family. SH2
domain found in SOCS proteins. SOCS was first
recognized as a group of cytokine-inducible SH2 (CIS)
domain proteins comprising eight family members in
human (CIS and SOCS1-SOCS7). In addition to the SH2
domain, SOCS proteins have a variable N-terminal domain
and a conserved SOCS box in the C-terminal domain. SOCS
proteins bind to a substrate via their SH2 domain. The
prototypical members, CIS and SOCS1-SOCS3, have been
shown to regulate growth hormone signaling in vitro and
in a classic negative feedback response compete for
binding at phosphotyrosine sites in JAK kinase and
receptor pathways to displace effector proteins and
target bound receptors for proteasomal degradation.
Loss of SOCS activity results in excessive cytokine
signaling associated with a variety of hematopoietic,
autoimmune, and inflammatory diseases and certain
cancers. Members (SOCS4-SOCS7) were identified by their
conserved SOCS box, an adapter motif of 3 helices that
associates substrate binding domains, such as the SOCS
SH2 domain, ankryin, and WD40 with ubiquitin ligase
components. These show limited cytokine induction. In
general SH2 domains are involved in signal
transduction. They typically bind pTyr-containing
ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic
binding pocket, allowing proteins with SH2 domains to
localize to tyrosine phosphorylated sites.
Length = 81
Score = 26.2 bits (57), Expect = 4.8
Identities = 19/46 (41%), Positives = 24/46 (52%), Gaps = 4/46 (8%)
Query: 2 YFGKIKRIEAEKKLLLPENDHGAFLIRDSESRKNDYSLS--EYKRS 45
Y+G + R EAE LL G FL+RDS +S+S Y RS
Sbjct: 3 YWGVMDRYEAEA--LLEGKPEGTFLLRDSAQEDYLFSVSFRRYNRS 46
>gnl|CDD|132951 cd06620, PKc_MAPKK_Byr1_like, Catalytic domain of fungal Byr1-like
dual-specificity MAP kinase kinases. Protein kinases
(PKs), MAP kinase kinase (MAPKK) subfamily, fungal
Byr1-like proteins, catalytic (c) domain. PKs catalyze
the transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to
serine/threonine or tyrosine residues on protein
substrates. The MAPKK subfamily is part of a larger
superfamily that includes the catalytic domains of other
protein serine/threonine kinases, protein tyrosine
kinases, RIO kinases, aminoglycoside phosphotransferase,
choline kinase, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase. The
mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase signaling
pathways are important mediators of cellular responses
to extracellular signals. The pathways involve a triple
kinase core cascade comprising of the MAP kinase (MAPK),
which is phosphorylated and activated by a MAPK kinase
(MAPKK or MKK), which itself is phosphorylated and
activated by a MAPK kinase kinase (MAPKKK or MKKK).
Members of this group include the MAPKKs Byr1 from
Schizosaccharomyces pombe, FUZ7 from Ustilago maydis,
and related proteins. Byr1 phosphorylates its downstream
target, the MAPK Spk1, and is regulated by the MAPKKK
Byr2. The Spk1 cascade is pheromone-responsive and is
essential for sporulation and sexual differentiation in
fission yeast. FUZ7 phosphorylates and activates its
target, the MAPK Crk1, which is required in mating and
virulence in U. maydis.
Length = 284
Score = 27.5 bits (61), Expect = 4.9
Identities = 18/51 (35%), Positives = 24/51 (47%), Gaps = 3/51 (5%)
Query: 116 DFGSGGMTNAEVLHQV--EHGYRMPCPPGCPPRLYDIMLECWLKDPVKRPT 164
D M ++L Q+ E R+P P L D + C LKDP +RPT
Sbjct: 210 DGQDDPMGILDLLQQIVQEPPPRLP-SSDFPEDLRDFVDACLLKDPTERPT 259
>gnl|CDD|133207 cd05076, PTK_Tyk2_rpt1, Pseudokinase (repeat 1) domain of the
Protein Tyrosine Kinase, Tyrosine kinase 2. Protein
Tyrosine Kinase (PTK) family; Tyrosine kinase 2 (Tyk2);
pseudokinase domain (repeat 1). The PTKc (catalytic
domain) family to which this subfamily belongs, is part
of a larger superfamily that includes the catalytic
domains of other kinases such as protein
serine/threonine kinases, RIO kinases, and
phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). PTKs catalyze the
transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to
tyrosine (tyr) residues in protein substrates. Tyk2 is a
member of the Janus kinase (Jak) subfamily of proteins,
which are cytoplasmic (or nonreceptor) tyr kinases
containing an N-terminal FERM domain, followed by a Src
homology 2 (SH2) domain, a pseudokinase domain, and a
C-terminal tyr kinase domain. The pseudokinase domain
shows similarity to tyr kinases but lacks crucial
residues for catalytic activity and ATP binding. It
modulates the kinase activity of the C-terminal
catalytic domain. Jaks are crucial for cytokine receptor
signaling. They are activated by autophosphorylation
upon cytokine-induced receptor aggregation, and
subsequently trigger downstream signaling events such as
the phosphorylation of signal transducers and activators
of transcription (STATs). Tyk2 is widely expressed in
many tissues. It is involved in signaling via the
cytokine receptors IFN-alphabeta, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12,
IL-13, and IL-23. It mediates cell surface urokinase
receptor (uPAR) signaling and plays a role in modulating
vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) functional behavior
in response to injury. Tyk2 is also important in
dendritic cell function and T helper (Th)1 cell
differentiation. A homozygous mutation of Tyk2 was found
in a patient with hyper-IgE syndrome (HIES), a primary
immunodeficiency characterized by recurrent skin
abscesses, pneumonia, and elevated serum IgE. This
suggests that Tyk2 may play important roles in multiple
cytokine signaling involved in innate and adaptive
immunity.
Length = 274
Score = 27.2 bits (60), Expect = 5.5
Identities = 14/48 (29%), Positives = 24/48 (50%), Gaps = 2/48 (4%)
Query: 121 GMTNAEVLHQVEHGYRMPCPPGCPPRLYDIMLECWLKDPVKRPTFETL 168
T +E E +R+P P C L ++ +C +P +RP+F T+
Sbjct: 224 ERTPSEKERFYEKKHRLP-EPSCK-ELATLISQCLTYEPTQRPSFRTI 269
>gnl|CDD|132953 cd06622, PKc_MAPKK_PBS2_like, Catalytic domain of fungal PBS2-like
dual-specificity MAP kinase kinases. Protein kinases
(PKs), MAP kinase kinase (MAPKK) subfamily, fungal
PBS2-like proteins, catalytic (c) domain. PKs catalyze
the transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to
serine/threonine or tyrosine residues on protein
substrates. The MAPKK subfamily is part of a larger
superfamily that includes the catalytic domains of other
protein serine/threonine kinases, protein tyrosine
kinases, RIO kinases, aminoglycoside phosphotransferase,
choline kinase, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase. The
mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase signaling
pathways are important mediators of cellular responses
to extracellular signals. The pathways involve a triple
kinase core cascade comprising of the MAP kinase (MAPK),
which is phosphorylated and activated by a MAPK kinase
(MAPKK or MKK), which itself is phosphorylated and
activated by a MAPK kinase kinase (MAPKKK or MKKK).
Members of this group include the MAPKKs Polymyxin B
resistance protein 2 (PBS2) from Saccharomyces
cerevisiae, Wis1 from Schizosaccharomyces pombe, and
related proteins. PBS2 and Wis1 are components of
stress-activated MAPK cascades in budding and fission
yeast, respectively. PBS2 is the specific activator of
the MAPK Hog1, which plays a central role in the
response of budding yeast to stress including exposure
to arsenite and hyperosmotic environments. Wis1
phosphorylates and activates the MAPK Sty1 (also called
Spc1 or Phh1), which stimulates a transcriptional
response to a wide range of cellular insults through the
bZip transcription factors Atf1, Pcr1, and Pap1.
Length = 286
Score = 26.7 bits (59), Expect = 7.9
Identities = 11/33 (33%), Positives = 15/33 (45%), Gaps = 4/33 (12%)
Query: 140 PPGCPPRL----YDIMLECWLKDPVKRPTFETL 168
PP P D + +C K P +RPT+ L
Sbjct: 227 PPTLPSGYSDDAQDFVAKCLNKIPNRRPTYAQL 259
>gnl|CDD|173646 cd05087, PTKc_Aatyk1_Aatyk3, Catalytic domain of the Protein
Tyrosine Kinases, Apoptosis-associated tyrosine kinases
1 and 3. Protein Tyrosine Kinase (PTK) family;
Apoptosis-associated tyrosine kinase 1 (Aatyk1) and
Aatyk3; catalytic (c) domain. The PTKc family is part of
a larger superfamily that includes the catalytic domains
of other kinases such as protein serine/threonine
kinases, RIO kinases, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase
(PI3K). PTKs catalyze the transfer of the
gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to tyrosine (tyr)
residues in protein substrates. Aatyk1 and Aatyk3 are
members of the Aatyk subfamily of proteins. Aatyk3 is a
receptor kinase containing a transmembrane segment and a
long C-terminal cytoplasmic tail with a catalytic
domain. Aatyk1 has a similar domain arrangement but
without the transmembrane segment and is thus, a
cytoplasmic (or nonreceptor) kinase. The expression of
Aatyk1 (also referred simply as Aatyk) is upregulated
during growth arrest and apoptosis in myeloid cells.
Aatyk1 has been implicated in neural differentiation,
and is a regulator of the Na-K-2Cl cotransporter, a
membrane protein involved in cell proliferation and
survival, epithelial transport, and blood pressure
control. The function of Aatyk3 is still unknown.
Length = 269
Score = 26.8 bits (59), Expect = 8.1
Identities = 11/27 (40%), Positives = 17/27 (62%), Gaps = 1/27 (3%)
Query: 146 RLYDIMLECWLKDPVKRPTFETLQWKL 172
R Y++M CWL+ P +RP+ E + L
Sbjct: 242 RWYEVMQFCWLQ-PEQRPSAEEVHLLL 267
>gnl|CDD|234421 TIGR03970, Rv0697, dehydrogenase, Rv0697 family. This model
describes a set of dehydrogenases belonging to the
glucose-methanol-choline oxidoreductase (GMC
oxidoreductase) family. Members of the present family
are restricted to Actinobacterial genome contexts
containing also members of families TIGR03962 and
TIGR03969 (the mycofactocin system), and are proposed to
be uniform in function.
Length = 487
Score = 26.7 bits (59), Expect = 8.6
Identities = 9/37 (24%), Positives = 16/37 (43%)
Query: 108 SGVVVSAVDFGSGGMTNAEVLHQVEHGYRMPCPPGCP 144
V+ ++ G G + + Q+ G R+P P P
Sbjct: 23 PSCTVTVLEAGPGYRDPSRLPAQLTDGLRLPIGPASP 59
Database: CDD.v3.10
Posted date: Mar 20, 2013 7:55 AM
Number of letters in database: 10,937,602
Number of sequences in database: 44,354
Lambda K H
0.320 0.137 0.435
Gapped
Lambda K H
0.267 0.0772 0.140
Matrix: BLOSUM62
Gap Penalties: Existence: 11, Extension: 1
Number of Sequences: 44354
Number of Hits to DB: 9,545,941
Number of extensions: 840452
Number of successful extensions: 925
Number of sequences better than 10.0: 1
Number of HSP's gapped: 868
Number of HSP's successfully gapped: 190
Length of query: 189
Length of database: 10,937,602
Length adjustment: 91
Effective length of query: 98
Effective length of database: 6,901,388
Effective search space: 676336024
Effective search space used: 676336024
Neighboring words threshold: 11
Window for multiple hits: 40
X1: 16 ( 7.4 bits)
X2: 38 (14.6 bits)
X3: 64 (24.7 bits)
S1: 41 (21.8 bits)
S2: 56 (25.3 bits)