RPS-BLAST 2.2.26 [Sep-21-2011]
Database: CDD.v3.10
44,354 sequences; 10,937,602 total letters
Searching..................................................done
Query= psy17033
(148 letters)
>gnl|CDD|233535 TIGR01694, MTAP, 5'-deoxy-5'-methylthioadenosine phosphorylase.
This model represents the methylthioadenosine
phosphorylase found in metazoa, cyanobacteria and a
limited number of archaea such as Sulfolobus, Aeropyrum,
Pyrobaculum, Pyrococcus, and Thermoplasma. This enzyme
is responsible for the first step in the methionine
salvage pathway after the transfer of the amino acid
moiety from S-adenosylmethionine. The enzyme from human
is well-characterized including a crystal structure. A
misleading characterization is found for a Sulfolobus
solfataricus enzyme which is called a MTAP. In fact, as
uncovered by the genome sequence of S. solfataricus,
there are at least two nucleotide phosphorylases and the
one found in the MTAP clade is not the one annotated as
such. The sequence in this clade has not been isolated
but is likely to be the authentic SsMTAP as it displays
all of the conserved active site residues found in the
human enzyme. This explains the finding that the
characterized enzyme has greater efficiency towards the
purines inosine, guanosine and adenosine over MTA. In
fact, this mis-naming of this enzyme has been carried
forward to several publications including a crystal
stucture. In between the trusted and noise cutoffs are:
1) several archaeal sequences which appear to contain
several residues characteristic of phosphorylases which
act on guanosine or inosine (according to the crystal
structure of MTAP and alignments). In any case, these
residues are not conserved. 2) sequences from
Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Streptomyces coelicolor
which have better, although not perfect retention of the
active site residues, but considering the general
observation that bacteria utilize the MTA/SAH
nucleotidase enzyme and a kinase to do this reaction,
these have been excluded pending stronger evidence of
their function, and 3) a sequence from Drosophila which
appears to be a recent divergence (long branch in
neighbor-joining trees) and lacks some of the conserved
active site residues [Central intermediary metabolism,
Other, Purines, pyrimidines, nucleosides, and
nucleotides, Salvage of nucleosides and nucleotides].
Length = 241
Score = 151 bits (384), Expect = 6e-47
Identities = 55/118 (46%), Positives = 72/118 (61%), Gaps = 1/118 (0%)
Query: 1 MEPAFDNSTRQIIIDSLKELGFKFHDKGTAVCIEGPRFSSRAESNLFRSWNAHLVNMTLV 60
+ RQ +I+SL+ LG HD GT VC EGPRFS+RAES +F+SW A +V MT V
Sbjct: 125 FGDPYCEDLRQRLIESLRRLGLTVHDGGTYVCTEGPRFSTRAESRMFKSWGADIVGMTGV 184
Query: 61 PEVVLAKEAGLLYAAVAMATDYDCWRDTGNKVCVADVLKTFKENVEKITKLFVHIVPK 118
PE VLA+E L YA +A+ TDYDCW V +V + ENVEK ++ + + K
Sbjct: 185 PEAVLARELELCYATLALVTDYDCWISAD-HVTAEEVEEVMGENVEKAKRILLEAIKK 241
>gnl|CDD|236290 PRK08564, PRK08564, 5'-methylthioadenosine phosphorylase II;
Reviewed.
Length = 267
Score = 142 bits (361), Expect = 4e-43
Identities = 58/121 (47%), Positives = 77/121 (63%), Gaps = 3/121 (2%)
Query: 1 MEPAFDNSTRQIIIDSLKELGFKFHDKGTAVCIEGPRFSSRAESNLFRS-WNAHLVNMTL 59
M F R+III++ KELG + H+KGT +CIEGPRFS+RAES ++R + A ++ MTL
Sbjct: 133 MADPFCPELRKIIIETAKELGIRTHEKGTYICIEGPRFSTRAESRMWREVFKADIIGMTL 192
Query: 60 VPEVVLAKEAGLLYAAVAMATDYDCWRDTGNKVCVADVLKTFKENVEKITKLFVHIVPKI 119
VPEV LA E G+ YA +AM TDYD W + V +V + EN EK KL +P+I
Sbjct: 193 VPEVNLACELGMCYATIAMVTDYDVWAE--KPVTAEEVTRVMAENTEKAKKLLYEAIPRI 250
Query: 120 A 120
Sbjct: 251 P 251
>gnl|CDD|223084 COG0005, Pnp, Purine nucleoside phosphorylase [Nucleotide transport
and metabolism].
Length = 262
Score = 127 bits (322), Expect = 3e-37
Identities = 46/120 (38%), Positives = 68/120 (56%), Gaps = 3/120 (2%)
Query: 1 MEPAFDNSTRQIIIDSLKELGFKFH-DKGTAVCIEGPRFSSRAESNLFRSWNAHLVNMTL 59
M +D R+ + ++ KEL +G VC+EGPRF + AE +FRS A +V M+
Sbjct: 145 MSDPYDPELREALAEAAKELRLGHPLQEGVYVCVEGPRFETPAEIRMFRSLGADVVGMST 204
Query: 60 VPEVVLAKEAGLLYAAVAMATDYDCWRDTGNKVCVADVLKTFKENVEKITKLFVHIVPKI 119
VPEV+LA+E GL AA+++ T+Y + +VL+ KEN EKI KL + K+
Sbjct: 205 VPEVILARELGLCVAALSLVTNYAAGIG--QPLTHEEVLEVAKENAEKIAKLLAAAIAKL 262
>gnl|CDD|181584 PRK08931, PRK08931, 5'-methylthioadenosine phosphorylase;
Provisional.
Length = 289
Score = 120 bits (302), Expect = 5e-34
Identities = 44/110 (40%), Positives = 63/110 (57%)
Query: 13 IIDSLKELGFKFHDKGTAVCIEGPRFSSRAESNLFRSWNAHLVNMTLVPEVVLAKEAGLL 72
+ + + G H GT +C+EGP+FS+ AES L+RSW ++ MT +PE LA+EA +
Sbjct: 141 LAAAARAEGITVHRGGTYLCMEGPQFSTLAESKLYRSWGCDVIGMTNMPEAKLAREAEIC 200
Query: 73 YAAVAMATDYDCWRDTGNKVCVADVLKTFKENVEKITKLFVHIVPKIAAK 122
YA VAM TDYDCW + V V V+ N +K L + P + A+
Sbjct: 201 YATVAMVTDYDCWHPDHDAVTVDAVIAVLLANADKARALVARLAPDLGAE 250
>gnl|CDD|169548 PRK08666, PRK08666, 5'-methylthioadenosine phosphorylase;
Validated.
Length = 261
Score = 103 bits (259), Expect = 4e-28
Identities = 44/110 (40%), Positives = 64/110 (58%), Gaps = 1/110 (0%)
Query: 10 RQIIIDSLKELGFKFHDKGTAVCIEGPRFSSRAESNLFRSWNAHLVNMTLVPEVVLAKEA 69
R+ +I + +ELG +H GT VC EGPRF + AE +FR LV MT VPE VLA+E
Sbjct: 136 RKALITAARELGLTYHPGGTYVCTEGPRFETAAEIRMFRILGGDLVGMTQVPEAVLAREL 195
Query: 70 GLLYAAVAMATDYDCWRDTGNKVCVADVLKTFKENVEKITKLFVHIVPKI 119
+ YA VA+ T+Y + K+ ++V++ +N E I KL + + I
Sbjct: 196 EMCYATVAIVTNYAAGI-SPTKLTHSEVVELMAQNSENIKKLIMKAIELI 244
>gnl|CDD|180977 PRK07432, PRK07432, 5'-methylthioadenosine phosphorylase;
Provisional.
Length = 290
Score = 102 bits (256), Expect = 2e-27
Identities = 46/108 (42%), Positives = 64/108 (59%)
Query: 14 IDSLKELGFKFHDKGTAVCIEGPRFSSRAESNLFRSWNAHLVNMTLVPEVVLAKEAGLLY 73
I SL H GT VC+EGP FS++AESNL+RSW A ++ MT +PE LA+EA + Y
Sbjct: 145 IASLNLPDVTLHRGGTYVCMEGPAFSTKAESNLYRSWGATVIGMTNLPEAKLAREAEIAY 204
Query: 74 AAVAMATDYDCWRDTGNKVCVADVLKTFKENVEKITKLFVHIVPKIAA 121
A +A+ TDYDCW + V V V+ +N K+ V +++A
Sbjct: 205 ATLALVTDYDCWHPDHDSVTVEMVIGNLHKNAVNAQKVIQETVRRLSA 252
>gnl|CDD|236107 PRK07823, PRK07823, 5'-methylthioadenosine phosphorylase;
Validated.
Length = 264
Score = 99.0 bits (247), Expect = 3e-26
Identities = 41/86 (47%), Positives = 53/86 (61%)
Query: 26 DKGTAVCIEGPRFSSRAESNLFRSWNAHLVNMTLVPEVVLAKEAGLLYAAVAMATDYDCW 85
D GT V ++GPRFS+RAES F + LVNMT PE VLA+E L YAA+A+ TD D
Sbjct: 149 DGGTMVVVQGPRFSTRAESRWFAAQGWSLVNMTGYPEAVLARELELCYAAIALVTDLDAG 208
Query: 86 RDTGNKVCVADVLKTFKENVEKITKL 111
+ G V DV F N+E++ +L
Sbjct: 209 VEAGEGVKAVDVFAEFGRNIERLKRL 234
>gnl|CDD|216264 pfam01048, PNP_UDP_1, Phosphorylase superfamily. Members of this
family include: purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP)
Uridine phosphorylase (UdRPase) 5'-methylthioadenosine
phosphorylase (MTA phosphorylase).
Length = 232
Score = 87.4 bits (217), Expect = 4e-22
Identities = 28/116 (24%), Positives = 51/116 (43%), Gaps = 2/116 (1%)
Query: 1 MEPAFDNSTRQIIIDSLKELGFKFHDKGTAVCIEGPRFSSRAESNLFRSWNAHLVNMTLV 60
+D R ++ ++ LG H G +G F + AE L R A V M
Sbjct: 118 APAPYDPELRALLEEAAARLGIPVHR-GVYATTDGFYFETPAEIRLLRRLGADAVEMETA 176
Query: 61 PEVVLAKEAGLLYAAVAMATDYDCWRDTGNKVCVADVLKTFKENVEKITKLFVHIV 116
E ++A+E G+ + A+ + +DY +V +V + +E E+ KL + ++
Sbjct: 177 AEAIVARELGIPFLAIRVISDYAA-GGADGEVTHEEVEEVLEEAAERAAKLLLALL 231
>gnl|CDD|236183 PRK08202, PRK08202, purine nucleoside phosphorylase; Provisional.
Length = 272
Score = 64.4 bits (158), Expect = 3e-13
Identities = 31/119 (26%), Positives = 55/119 (46%), Gaps = 2/119 (1%)
Query: 1 MEPAFDNSTRQIIIDSLKELGFKFHDKGTAVCIEGPRFSSRAESNLFRSWNAHLVNMTLV 60
M A+D R + KELG +G V + GP + + AE + R+ A V M+ V
Sbjct: 156 MSDAYDPELRALAKKVAKELGIPLQ-EGVYVGVSGPSYETPAEIRMLRTLGADAVGMSTV 214
Query: 61 PEVVLAKEAGLLYAAVAMATDYDCWRDTGNKVCVADVLKTFKENVEKITKLFVHIVPKI 119
PEV++A+ GL ++ T+ + + +VL+ + K +L I+ ++
Sbjct: 215 PEVIVARHCGLKVLGISCITNL-AAGISDEPLSHEEVLEVAERAAPKFGRLVKAILARL 272
>gnl|CDD|236390 PRK09136, PRK09136, 5'-methylthioadenosine phosphorylase;
Validated.
Length = 245
Score = 63.8 bits (156), Expect = 4e-13
Identities = 26/95 (27%), Positives = 44/95 (46%)
Query: 5 FDNSTRQIIIDSLKELGFKFHDKGTAVCIEGPRFSSRAESNLFRSWNAHLVNMTLVPEVV 64
+ RQ ++ + + G D G +GPR + AE LV MT +PE
Sbjct: 131 YSPMLRQRLLAAARAAGVSLVDGGVYAATQGPRLETAAEIARLERDGCDLVGMTGMPEAA 190
Query: 65 LAKEAGLLYAAVAMATDYDCWRDTGNKVCVADVLK 99
LA+E GL YA +A+ ++ R ++ +A++
Sbjct: 191 LARELGLPYACLALVANWAAGRGDSAEITMAEIEA 225
>gnl|CDD|130758 TIGR01697, PNPH-PUNA-XAPA, inosine/guanosine/xanthosine
phosphorylase family. This model is a subset of the
subfamily represented by pfam00896 (phosphorylase family
2). This model excludes the methylthioadenosine
phosphorylases (MTAP, TIGR01684) which are believed
toplay a specific role in the recycling of methionine
from methylthioadenosine. In this subfamily is found
three clades of purine phosphorylases based on a
neighbor-joining tree using the MTAP family as an
outgroup. The highest-branching clade (TIGR01698)
consists of a group of sequences from both gram positive
and gram negative bacteria which have been annotated as
purine nucleotide phosphorylases but have not been
further characterized as to substrate specificity. Of
the two remaining clades, one is xanthosine
phosphorylase (XAPA, TIGR01699), is limited to certain
gamma proteobacteria and constitutes a special purine
phosphorylase found in a specialized operon for
xanthosine catabolism. The enzyme also acts on the same
purines (inosine and guanosine) as the other
characterized members of this subfamily, but is only
induced when xanthosine must be degraded. The remaining
and largest clade consists of purine nucleotide
phosphorylases (PNPH, TIGR01700) from metazoa and
bacteria which act primarily on guanosine and inosine
(and do not act on adenosine). Sequences from
Clostridium (GP:15025051) and Thermotoga (OMNI:TM1596)
fall between these last two clades and are
uncharacterized with respect to substrate range and
operon.
Length = 248
Score = 62.4 bits (152), Expect = 2e-12
Identities = 34/116 (29%), Positives = 55/116 (47%), Gaps = 2/116 (1%)
Query: 1 MEPAFDNSTRQIIIDSLKELGFKFHDKGTAVCIEGPRFSSRAESNLFRSWNAHLVNMTLV 60
+ A+D R++ D KELGF + G V + GP + + AE + R A V M+ V
Sbjct: 134 LSNAYDRELRKLAQDVAKELGFPLTE-GVYVMVSGPSYETPAEIRMLRILGADAVGMSTV 192
Query: 61 PEVVLAKEAGLLYAAVAMATDYDCWRDTGNKVCVADVLKTFKENVEKITKLFVHIV 116
PEV++A+ G+ AV++ T+ T + +VL E+ L I+
Sbjct: 193 PEVIVARHCGIKVLAVSLITNM-AAGITDVPLSHEEVLAAAAAAAERFISLLEDII 247
>gnl|CDD|233537 TIGR01700, PNPH, purine nucleoside phosphorylase I, inosine and
guanosine-specific. This model represents a family of
bacterial and metazoan purine phosphorylases acting
primarily on inosine and guanosine and not acting on
adenosine. PNP-I refers to the nomenclature from
Bacillus stearothermophilus where PHP-II refers to the
nucleotidase acting on adenosine as the primary
substrate.The bacterial enzymes (PUNA) are typified by
the Bacilus PupG protein which is involved in the
metabolism of nucleosides as a carbon source.Several
metazoan enzymes (PNPH) are well characterized including
the human and bovine enzymes which have been
crystallized [Purines, pyrimidines, nucleosides, and
nucleotides, Salvage of nucleosides and nucleotides].
Length = 249
Score = 55.2 bits (133), Expect = 5e-10
Identities = 33/123 (26%), Positives = 53/123 (43%), Gaps = 15/123 (12%)
Query: 1 MEPAFDNSTRQIIIDSLKELGFKFHDKGTAVCIEGPRFSSRAESNLFRSWNAHLVNMTLV 60
M A+D RQ K+L +G V + GP + + AE L R+ A V M+ V
Sbjct: 134 MSDAYDRDLRQKAHSIAKQLNIPLQ-EGVYVMLGGPSYETPAEVRLLRTLGADAVGMSTV 192
Query: 61 PEVVLAKEAGL-------LYAAVAMATDYDCWRDTGNKVCVADVLKTFKENVEKITKLFV 113
PEV++A+ GL + A DY+ +V++ K+ EK+ K
Sbjct: 193 PEVIVARHCGLRVFGFSLITNKAAGILDYELSVHE-------EVMEAAKQAAEKLEKFVS 245
Query: 114 HIV 116
++
Sbjct: 246 LLI 248
>gnl|CDD|130759 TIGR01698, PUNP, purine nucleotide phosphorylase. This clade of
purine nucleotide phosphorylases has not been
experimentally characterized but is assigned based on
strong sequence homology. Closely related clades act on
inosine and guanosine (PNPH, TIGR01700), and xanthosine,
inosine and guanosine (XAPA, TIGR01699) neither of these
will act on adenosine. A more distantly related clade
(MTAP, TIGR01694) acts on methylthioadenosine.
Length = 237
Score = 42.1 bits (99), Expect = 2e-05
Identities = 16/48 (33%), Positives = 25/48 (52%)
Query: 35 GPRFSSRAESNLFRSWNAHLVNMTLVPEVVLAKEAGLLYAAVAMATDY 82
GP + + AE + A LV M+ VPE + A+ GL V++ T+
Sbjct: 156 GPHYETPAEIRMAGILGADLVGMSTVPETIAARFCGLEVLGVSLVTNL 203
>gnl|CDD|130760 TIGR01699, XAPA, xanthosine phosphorylase. This model represents a
small clade of purine nucleotide phosphorylases found in
certain gamma proteobacteria. The gene is part of an
operon for the degradation of xanthosine and is induced
by xanthosine. The enzyme is also capable of acting on
inosine and guanosine (but not adenosine) in a manner
similar to those other phosphorylases to which it is
closely related (TIGR01698, TIGR01700).
Length = 248
Score = 32.7 bits (74), Expect = 0.051
Identities = 25/78 (32%), Positives = 39/78 (50%), Gaps = 1/78 (1%)
Query: 4 AFDNSTRQIIIDSLKELGFKFHDKGTAVCIEGPRFSSRAESNLFRSWNAHLVNMTLVPEV 63
A+D R ++ KE GF + G V GP F + AE + + +V M++VPEV
Sbjct: 137 AYDAEYRALLQKVAKEEGFPLTE-GVFVSYPGPNFETAAEIRMMQIIGGDVVGMSVVPEV 195
Query: 64 VLAKEAGLLYAAVAMATD 81
+ A+ L AV+ T+
Sbjct: 196 ISARHCDLKVVAVSAITN 213
>gnl|CDD|219809 pfam08368, FAST_2, FAST kinase-like protein, subdomain 2. This
family represents a conserved region of eukaryotic
Fas-activated serine/threonine (FAST) kinases
(EC:2.7.1.-) that contains several conserved leucine
residues. FAST kinase is rapidly activated during
Fas-mediated apoptosis, when it phosphorylates TIA-1, a
nuclear RNA-binding protein that has been implicated as
an effector of apoptosis. Note that many family members
are hypothetical proteins. This subdomain is often
found associated with the FAST kinase-like protein,
subdomain 2.
Length = 93
Score = 28.8 bits (65), Expect = 0.38
Identities = 21/81 (25%), Positives = 27/81 (33%), Gaps = 17/81 (20%)
Query: 29 TAVCIE-----GPRFSSRAESNLFRSWNAHLVNMTLVPEVVLAKEA--GLL----YAAVA 77
AVC+E GPR R + F + P KEA LL Y
Sbjct: 11 AAVCLECPEYKGPRLPDRYQVPSFLVPLLSKKEKRMSPLQQEVKEALKSLLGGEQYVKHD 70
Query: 78 MAT------DYDCWRDTGNKV 92
+ T D++C D K
Sbjct: 71 VLTPYGYTIDFECVLDKNGKP 91
>gnl|CDD|168698 PRK06839, PRK06839, acyl-CoA synthetase; Validated.
Length = 496
Score = 28.3 bits (63), Expect = 1.6
Identities = 14/53 (26%), Positives = 23/53 (43%)
Query: 19 ELGFKFHDKGTAVCIEGPRFSSRAESNLFRSWNAHLVNMTLVPEVVLAKEAGL 71
EL F+ D GT V F + A S S+ ++++T + E+ K
Sbjct: 91 ELIFQLKDSGTTVLFVEKTFQNMALSMQKVSYVQRVISITSLKEIEDRKIDNF 143
>gnl|CDD|234716 PRK00292, glk, glucokinase; Provisional.
Length = 316
Score = 27.8 bits (63), Expect = 1.9
Identities = 16/71 (22%), Positives = 24/71 (33%), Gaps = 26/71 (36%)
Query: 13 IIDSLKELGFK--FHDKGTAVCIEGPRFSSRAESNLFRSWNAHLVNMTLVP-EVVLAKEA 69
++ K GF+ F DKG RFS+ +P V+ +
Sbjct: 268 FLEFFKASGFRAAFEDKG--------RFSA-----YLAD----------IPVYVITHPQP 304
Query: 70 GLLYAAVAMAT 80
GLL A +
Sbjct: 305 GLLGAGAYLRQ 315
>gnl|CDD|227476 COG5147, REB1, Myb superfamily proteins, including transcription
factors and mRNA splicing factors [Transcription / RNA
processing and modification / Cell division and
chromosome partitioning].
Length = 512
Score = 27.8 bits (62), Expect = 2.2
Identities = 11/45 (24%), Positives = 19/45 (42%)
Query: 84 CWRDTGNKVCVADVLKTFKENVEKITKLFVHIVPKIAAKDWTNEI 128
W+ T ++ A V K N K+ L + K ++ W N +
Sbjct: 22 SWKRTEDEDLKALVKKLGPNNWSKVASLLISSTGKQSSNRWNNHL 66
>gnl|CDD|213628 TIGR01487, Pglycolate_arch, phosphoglycolate phosphatase,
TA0175-type. This group of Archaeal sequences, now
known to be phosphoglycolate phosphatases, is most
closely related to the sucrose-phosphate phosphatases
from plants and cyanobacteria (TIGR01485). Together,
these two models comprise a subfamily model (TIGR01482).
TIGR01482, in turn, is a member of the IIB subfamily
(TIGR01484) of the Haloacid Dehalogenase (HAD)
superfamily of aspartate-nucleophile hydrolases.
Length = 215
Score = 26.6 bits (59), Expect = 4.5
Identities = 11/31 (35%), Positives = 15/31 (48%)
Query: 80 TDYDCWRDTGNKVCVADVLKTFKENVEKITK 110
D D +R G KV VA+ KE + +T
Sbjct: 174 NDIDLFRVVGFKVAVANADDQLKEIADYVTS 204
>gnl|CDD|237741 PRK14512, PRK14512, ATP-dependent Clp protease proteolytic subunit;
Provisional.
Length = 197
Score = 26.3 bits (58), Expect = 6.2
Identities = 17/49 (34%), Positives = 25/49 (51%), Gaps = 3/49 (6%)
Query: 64 VLAKEAGLLYAAVAMATDYDCWRDTGNKV---CVADVLKTFKENVEKIT 109
++AKE G V TD D W D+ + V V +V++T E E I+
Sbjct: 149 IIAKETGQELDKVEKDTDRDFWLDSSSAVKYGLVFEVVETRLELEEFIS 197
>gnl|CDD|234570 PRK00009, PRK00009, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase; Reviewed.
Length = 911
Score = 26.3 bits (59), Expect = 8.3
Identities = 12/20 (60%), Positives = 13/20 (65%), Gaps = 1/20 (5%)
Query: 62 EV-VLAKEAGLLYAAVAMAT 80
EV +L KEAGLL A A A
Sbjct: 503 EVLLLLKEAGLLDPAAARAP 522
Database: CDD.v3.10
Posted date: Mar 20, 2013 7:55 AM
Number of letters in database: 10,937,602
Number of sequences in database: 44,354
Lambda K H
0.317 0.130 0.384
Gapped
Lambda K H
0.267 0.0657 0.140
Matrix: BLOSUM62
Gap Penalties: Existence: 11, Extension: 1
Number of Sequences: 44354
Number of Hits to DB: 7,165,327
Number of extensions: 609292
Number of successful extensions: 695
Number of sequences better than 10.0: 1
Number of HSP's gapped: 690
Number of HSP's successfully gapped: 32
Length of query: 148
Length of database: 10,937,602
Length adjustment: 88
Effective length of query: 60
Effective length of database: 7,034,450
Effective search space: 422067000
Effective search space used: 422067000
Neighboring words threshold: 11
Window for multiple hits: 40
X1: 16 ( 7.3 bits)
X2: 38 (14.6 bits)
X3: 64 (24.7 bits)
S1: 41 (21.7 bits)
S2: 54 (24.7 bits)