RPS-BLAST 2.2.26 [Sep-21-2011]
Database: CDD.v3.10
44,354 sequences; 10,937,602 total letters
Searching..................................................done
Query= psy2688
(586 letters)
>gnl|CDD|198306 cd03197, GST_C_mPGES2, C-terminal, alpha helical domain of
microsomal Prostaglandin E synthase Type 2. Glutathione
S-transferase (GST) C-terminal domain family, microsomal
Prostaglandin E synthase Type 2 (mPGES2) subfamily;
mPGES2 is a membrane-anchored dimeric protein containing
a CXXC motif which catalyzes the isomerization of PGH2
to PGE2. Unlike cytosolic PGE synthase (cPGES) and
microsomal PGES Type 1 (mPGES1), mPGES2 does not require
glutathione (GSH) for its activity, although its
catalytic rate is increased two- to four-fold in the
presence of DTT, GSH, or other thiol compounds. PGE2 is
widely distributed in various tissues and is implicated
in the sleep/wake cycle, relaxation/contraction of
smooth muscle, excretion of sodium ions, maintenance of
body temperature, and mediation of inflammation. mPGES2
contains an N-terminal hydrophobic domain which is
membrane associated and a C-terminal soluble domain with
a GST-like structure. The C-terminal GST-like domain
contains two structural domains, an N-terminal
thioredoxin-fold domain and a C-terminal alpha helical
domain. The GST active site is located in a cleft
between the two structural domains.
Length = 149
Score = 224 bits (574), Expect = 5e-71
Identities = 91/183 (49%), Positives = 113/183 (61%), Gaps = 40/183 (21%)
Query: 240 DERKWRKWADQVLVHTLSPNVYRTKEEALQSFEWFSEEQGRGQKHLDFHVIKTTQKLYLK 299
+E+KWRKW D VLVH LSPN+YRT EALQ+F++ +
Sbjct: 7 EEKKWRKWVDDVLVHLLSPNIYRTFSEALQAFDYIT------------------------ 42
Query: 300 RAYAFVKNLDTVGEWDKHFSKWERLLMVYVGAYAMYYISKRLKKRHNLKEEVRESLYDEC 359
TVG + WER++ YVGA AMY ISKRLKK+ N+K++VRESLYD
Sbjct: 43 ----------TVGNF----GPWERIVAKYVGAAAMYLISKRLKKKRNIKDDVRESLYDAL 88
Query: 360 NQWVKTIEKRENGPFFGGQKPNLADLAVYGVLSSIEGCEAFKDLMAKSKIKPWYERMRTN 419
N WVK + K+ F GG KPNLADLAVYGVL SIEG +AFKD++A +KI PWYERM+
Sbjct: 89 NDWVKALGKKR--KFHGGSKPNLADLAVYGVLRSIEGLDAFKDVLANTKIGPWYERMKEA 146
Query: 420 VTN 422
V +
Sbjct: 147 VGS 149
>gnl|CDD|239338 cd03040, GST_N_mPGES2, GST_N family; microsomal Prostaglandin E
synthase Type 2 (mPGES2) subfamily; mPGES2 is a
membrane-anchored dimeric protein containing a CXXC
motif which catalyzes the isomerization of PGH2 to PGE2.
Unlike cytosolic PGE synthase (cPGES) and microsomal
PGES Type 1 (mPGES1), mPGES2 does not require
glutathione (GSH) for its activity, although its
catalytic rate is increased two- to four-fold in the
presence of DTT, GSH or other thiol compounds. PGE2 is
widely distributed in various tissues and is implicated
in the sleep/wake cycle, relaxation/contraction of
smooth muscle, excretion of sodium ions, maintenance of
body temperature and mediation of inflammation. mPGES2
contains an N-terminal hydrophobic domain which is
membrane associated, and a C-terminal soluble domain
with a GST-like structure.
Length = 77
Score = 132 bits (334), Expect = 3e-37
Identities = 51/77 (66%), Positives = 63/77 (81%)
Query: 113 KITLFQYPTCPFCCKVRAFLDYYGVSYDIVEVNAVLRQQIKWSSYKKVPILLVKVPNGYQ 172
KITL+QY TCPFCCKVRAFLDY+G+ Y++VEVN V R++IKWSSYKKVPIL V+ Q
Sbjct: 1 KITLYQYKTCPFCCKVRAFLDYHGIPYEVVEVNPVSRKEIKWSSYKKVPILRVESGGDGQ 60
Query: 173 QMNDSSMIVSCLASYLS 189
Q+ DSS+I+S L +YL
Sbjct: 61 QLVDSSVIISTLKTYLG 77
Score = 76.7 bits (189), Expect = 2e-17
Identities = 28/38 (73%), Positives = 34/38 (89%)
Query: 549 KITLFQYPTCPFCCKVRAFLDYYGVSYDIVEVNAVLRQ 586
KITL+QY TCPFCCKVRAFLDY+G+ Y++VEVN V R+
Sbjct: 1 KITLYQYKTCPFCCKVRAFLDYHGIPYEVVEVNPVSRK 38
>gnl|CDD|215931 pfam00462, Glutaredoxin, Glutaredoxin.
Length = 60
Score = 54.0 bits (131), Expect = 1e-09
Identities = 18/56 (32%), Positives = 33/56 (58%), Gaps = 3/56 (5%)
Query: 114 ITLFQYPTCPFCCKVRAFLDYYGVSYDIVEV--NAVLRQQIK-WSSYKKVPILLVK 166
+ LF PTCPFC + + LD GV ++ ++V + +R+++K S + VP + +
Sbjct: 1 VVLFTKPTCPFCKRAKRLLDSLGVKFEEIDVDEDPEIREELKELSGWPTVPQVFID 56
Score = 49.4 bits (119), Expect = 6e-08
Identities = 14/39 (35%), Positives = 24/39 (61%), Gaps = 2/39 (5%)
Query: 550 ITLFQYPTCPFCCKVRAFLDYYGVSYDIVEV--NAVLRQ 586
+ LF PTCPFC + + LD GV ++ ++V + +R+
Sbjct: 1 VVLFTKPTCPFCKRAKRLLDSLGVKFEEIDVDEDPEIRE 39
>gnl|CDD|205595 pfam13417, GST_N_3, Glutathione S-transferase, N-terminal domain.
Length = 75
Score = 53.3 bits (129), Expect = 3e-09
Identities = 23/71 (32%), Positives = 35/71 (49%), Gaps = 6/71 (8%)
Query: 116 LFQYPTCPFCCKVRAFLDYYGVSYDIVEVNAVLRQQ--IKWSSYKKVPILLVKVPNGYQQ 173
L+ PT P+ KVR L G+ Y+ VEV + + + KVP+L V +G +
Sbjct: 1 LYGSPTSPYARKVRLALREKGLPYEEVEVPPGDKPPELLALNPLGKVPVL---VDDG-EV 56
Query: 174 MNDSSMIVSCL 184
+ DS I+ L
Sbjct: 57 LTDSLAIIEYL 67
Score = 43.7 bits (104), Expect = 6e-06
Identities = 13/30 (43%), Positives = 17/30 (56%)
Query: 552 LFQYPTCPFCCKVRAFLDYYGVSYDIVEVN 581
L+ PT P+ KVR L G+ Y+ VEV
Sbjct: 1 LYGSPTSPYARKVRLALREKGLPYEEVEVP 30
>gnl|CDD|238319 cd00570, GST_N_family, Glutathione S-transferase (GST) family,
N-terminal domain; a large, diverse group of cytosolic
dimeric proteins involved in cellular detoxification by
catalyzing the conjugation of glutathione (GSH) with a
wide range of endogenous and xenobiotic alkylating
agents, including carcinogens, therapeutic drugs,
environmental toxins and products of oxidative stress.
In addition, GSTs also show GSH peroxidase activity and
are involved in the synthesis of prostaglandins and
leukotrienes. This family, also referred to as soluble
GSTs, is the largest family of GSH transferases and is
only distantly related to the mitochondrial GSTs (GSTK
subfamily, a member of the DsbA family). Soluble GSTs
bear no structural similarity to microsomal GSTs (MAPEG
family) and display additional activities unique to
their group, such as catalyzing thiolysis, reduction
and isomerization of certain compounds. The GST fold
contains an N-terminal TRX-fold domain and a C-terminal
alpha helical domain, with an active site located in a
cleft between the two domains. Based on sequence
similarity, different classes of GSTs have been
identified, which display varying tissue distribution,
substrate specificities and additional specific
activities. In humans, GSTs display polymorphisms which
may influence individual susceptibility to diseases such
as cancer, arthritis, allergy and sclerosis. Some GST
family members with non-GST functions include
glutaredoxin 2, the CLIC subfamily of anion channels,
prion protein Ure2p, crystallins, metaxin 2 and
stringent starvation protein A.
Length = 71
Score = 48.7 bits (117), Expect = 1e-07
Identities = 15/53 (28%), Positives = 28/53 (52%), Gaps = 3/53 (5%)
Query: 114 ITLFQYPTCPFCCKVRAFLDYYGVSYDIVEVNAVLRQQ---IKWSSYKKVPIL 163
+ L+ +P P +VR L+ G+ Y++V V+ +Q + + KVP+L
Sbjct: 1 LKLYYFPGSPRSLRVRLALEEKGLPYELVPVDLGEGEQEEFLALNPLGKVPVL 53
Score = 44.5 bits (106), Expect = 3e-06
Identities = 10/32 (31%), Positives = 19/32 (59%)
Query: 550 ITLFQYPTCPFCCKVRAFLDYYGVSYDIVEVN 581
+ L+ +P P +VR L+ G+ Y++V V+
Sbjct: 1 LKLYYFPGSPRSLRVRLALEEKGLPYELVPVD 32
>gnl|CDD|198286 cd00299, GST_C_family, C-terminal, alpha helical domain of the
Glutathione S-transferase family. Glutathione
S-transferase (GST) family, C-terminal alpha helical
domain; a large, diverse group of cytosolic dimeric
proteins involved in cellular detoxification by
catalyzing the conjugation of glutathione (GSH) with a
wide range of endogenous and xenobiotic alkylating
agents, including carcinogens, therapeutic drugs,
environmental toxins and products of oxidative stress.
In addition, GSTs also show GSH peroxidase activity and
are involved in the synthesis of prostaglandins and
leukotrienes. This family, also referred to as soluble
GSTs, is the largest family of GSH transferases and is
only distantly related to the mitochondrial GSTs (GSTK).
Soluble GSTs bear no structural similarity to microsomal
GSTs (MAPEG family) and display additional activities
unique to their group, such as catalyzing thiolysis,
reduction and isomerization of certain compounds. The
GST fold contains an N-terminal thioredoxin-fold domain
and a C-terminal alpha helical domain, with an active
site located in a cleft between the two domains. GSH
binds to the N-terminal domain while the hydrophobic
substrate occupies a pocket in the C-terminal domain.
Based on sequence similarity, different classes of GSTs
have been identified, which display varying tissue
distribution, substrate specificities and additional
specific activities. In humans, GSTs display
polymorphisms which may influence individual
susceptibility to diseases such as cancer, arthritis,
allergy and sclerosis. Some GST family members with
non-GST functions include glutaredoxin 2, the CLIC
subfamily of anion channels, prion protein Ure2p,
crystallins, metaxins, stringent starvation protein A,
and aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases.
Length = 100
Score = 47.1 bits (112), Expect = 9e-07
Identities = 18/98 (18%), Positives = 39/98 (39%), Gaps = 3/98 (3%)
Query: 321 WERLLMVYVGAYAMYYISKRLKKRHNLKEEVRESLYDECNQWVKTIEKR-ENGPFFGGQK 379
E + + + + V + +E + +E+ P+ G +
Sbjct: 4 LEDWADATLAPPLVRLLYLEKVPLPKDEAAVEAAR-EELPALLAALEQLLAGRPYLAGDQ 62
Query: 380 PNLADLAVYGVLSSIEG-CEAFKDLMAKSKIKPWYERM 416
+LAD+A+ VL+ +E + L ++K WY+R+
Sbjct: 63 FSLADVALAPVLARLEALGPYYDLLDEYPRLKAWYDRL 100
>gnl|CDD|222110 pfam13409, GST_N_2, Glutathione S-transferase, N-terminal domain.
This family is closely related to pfam02798.
Length = 68
Score = 45.3 bits (108), Expect = 2e-06
Identities = 19/70 (27%), Positives = 32/70 (45%), Gaps = 7/70 (10%)
Query: 121 TCPFCCKVRAFLDYYGVSYDIVEVNAVLRQQIKW----SSYKKVPILLVKVPNGYQQMND 176
PF +VR L+ G+ Y+I EV + + KVP+L+ + +G + + D
Sbjct: 1 ASPFARRVRLALELKGLPYEIEEVPLDPWDKPPELLALNPLGKVPVLV--LDDG-EVITD 57
Query: 177 SSMIVSCLAS 186
S I+ L
Sbjct: 58 SLAILEYLEE 67
Score = 34.9 bits (81), Expect = 0.008
Identities = 10/26 (38%), Positives = 14/26 (53%)
Query: 557 TCPFCCKVRAFLDYYGVSYDIVEVNA 582
PF +VR L+ G+ Y+I EV
Sbjct: 1 ASPFARRVRLALELKGLPYEIEEVPL 26
>gnl|CDD|239274 cd02976, NrdH, NrdH-redoxin (NrdH) family; NrdH is a small
monomeric protein with a conserved redox active CXXC
motif within a TRX fold, characterized by a glutaredoxin
(GRX)-like sequence and TRX-like activity profile. In
vitro, it displays protein disulfide reductase activity
that is dependent on TRX reductase, not glutathione
(GSH). It is part of the NrdHIEF operon, where NrdEF
codes for class Ib ribonucleotide reductase (RNR-Ib), an
efficient enzyme at low oxygen levels. Under these
conditions when GSH is mostly conjugated to spermidine,
NrdH can still function and act as a hydrogen donor for
RNR-Ib. It has been suggested that the NrdHEF system may
be the oldest RNR reducing system, capable of
functioning in a microaerophilic environment, where GSH
was not yet available. NrdH from Corynebacterium
ammoniagenes can form domain-swapped dimers, although it
is unknown if this happens in vivo. Domain-swapped
dimerization, which results in the blocking of the TRX
reductase binding site, could be a mechanism for
regulating the oxidation state of the protein.
Length = 73
Score = 41.4 bits (98), Expect = 4e-05
Identities = 16/56 (28%), Positives = 34/56 (60%), Gaps = 3/56 (5%)
Query: 113 KITLFQYPTCPFCCKVRAFLDYYGVSYDIVEVN---AVLRQQIKWSSYKKVPILLV 165
++T++ P CP+C + FLD G+ ++ V+V+ L + K + Y+ VP++++
Sbjct: 1 EVTVYTKPDCPYCKATKRFLDERGIPFEEVDVDEDPEALEELKKLNGYRSVPVVVI 56
Score = 37.2 bits (87), Expect = 0.001
Identities = 11/34 (32%), Positives = 22/34 (64%)
Query: 549 KITLFQYPTCPFCCKVRAFLDYYGVSYDIVEVNA 582
++T++ P CP+C + FLD G+ ++ V+V+
Sbjct: 1 EVTVYTKPDCPYCKATKRFLDERGIPFEEVDVDE 34
>gnl|CDD|223698 COG0625, Gst, Glutathione S-transferase [Posttranslational
modification, protein turnover, chaperones].
Length = 211
Score = 43.6 bits (103), Expect = 8e-05
Identities = 29/179 (16%), Positives = 57/179 (31%), Gaps = 36/179 (20%)
Query: 114 ITLFQYPTCPFCCKVRAFLDYYGVSYDIVEVNAVLRQQIKW----SSYKKVPILLVKVPN 169
+ L+ PT P+ KVR L+ G+ Y+IV V+ Q+ + KVP L V +
Sbjct: 1 MKLYGSPTSPYSRKVRLALEEKGLPYEIVLVDLDAEQKPPDFLALNPLGKVPAL---VDD 57
Query: 170 GYQQMNDSSMIVSCLASYLSDTSVQLEEVASYFPETEYRDDDGTVKKE----------IM 219
+ + +S I YL++ +P D ++
Sbjct: 58 DGEVLTESGAI----LEYLAER----------YPGPPLLPADPLARRARALLLWWLFFAA 103
Query: 220 NRYFLMLNDRMNGRTVKDIMDERKWRKWADQVLVHTLSPNVYRTKEEALQSFEWFSEEQ 278
+ ++ R + + A + E L + + ++
Sbjct: 104 SDLHPVIGQRRRALLGSEPELLEAALEAARA-----EIRALLALLEALLADGPYLAGDR 157
Score = 38.6 bits (90), Expect = 0.004
Identities = 13/32 (40%), Positives = 20/32 (62%)
Query: 550 ITLFQYPTCPFCCKVRAFLDYYGVSYDIVEVN 581
+ L+ PT P+ KVR L+ G+ Y+IV V+
Sbjct: 1 MKLYGSPTSPYSRKVRLALEEKGLPYEIVLVD 32
Score = 31.7 bits (72), Expect = 0.86
Identities = 35/193 (18%), Positives = 64/193 (33%), Gaps = 34/193 (17%)
Query: 254 HTLSPNVYRTK---EEALQSFEWFSEEQGRGQKHLDFHVIKTTQK--------------- 295
SP + + EE +E + QK DF + K
Sbjct: 6 SPTSPYSRKVRLALEEKGLPYEIVLVDLDAEQKPPDFLALNPLGKVPALVDDDGEVLTES 65
Query: 296 ----LYLKRAYAFVKNLDTVGEWDKHFSKWERLLMVYVGAYAMYYISKRLKKRHNLKEEV 351
YL Y L + + + + I +R + + E+
Sbjct: 66 GAILEYLAERYP-GPPLLPADPLARRARALLLWWLFFAASDLHPVIGQRRRALLGSEPEL 124
Query: 352 RESLYDECNQWVKT----IEKR-ENGPFFGGQKPNLADLAVYGVLS--SIEGCEAFKDLM 404
E+ + ++ +E +GP+ G + +AD+A+ +L ++ G E D
Sbjct: 125 LEAALEAARAEIRALLALLEALLADGPYLAGDRFTIADIALAPLLWRLALLGEE-LADYP 183
Query: 405 AKSKIKPWYERMR 417
A +K WYER+
Sbjct: 184 A---LKAWYERVL 193
>gnl|CDD|198293 cd03184, GST_C_Omega, C-terminal, alpha helical domain of Class
Omega Glutathione S-transferases. Glutathione
S-transferase (GST) C-terminal domain family, Class
Omega subfamily; GSTs are cytosolic dimeric proteins
involved in cellular detoxification by catalyzing the
conjugation of glutathione (GSH) with a wide range of
endogenous and xenobiotic alkylating agents, including
carcinogens, therapeutic drugs, environmental toxins and
products of oxidative stress. The GST fold contains an
N-terminal thioredoxin-fold domain and a C-terminal
alpha helical domain, with an active site located in a
cleft between the two domains. GSH binds to the
N-terminal domain while the hydrophobic substrate
occupies a pocket in the C-terminal domain. Class Omega
GSTs show little or no GSH-conjugating activity towards
standard GST substrates. Instead, they catalyze the GSH
dependent reduction of protein disulfides,
dehydroascorbate and monomethylarsonate, activities
which are more characteristic of glutaredoxins. They
contain a conserved cysteine equivalent to the first
cysteine in the CXXC motif of glutaredoxins, which is a
redox active residue capable of reducing GSH mixed
disulfides in a monothiol mechanism. Polymorphisms of
the class Omega GST genes may be associated with the
development of some types of cancer and the age-at-onset
of both Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases.
Length = 124
Score = 40.4 bits (95), Expect = 3e-04
Identities = 25/95 (26%), Positives = 35/95 (36%), Gaps = 21/95 (22%)
Query: 333 AMYYISKRLKKRHNLKEEVRESLYDECNQWVKTIEKRENGPFFGGQKPNLAD-------- 384
A Y + + R LKEE+R +L + + PFFGG P + D
Sbjct: 19 AFYKFLRSGEDRKGLKEELRSALENLEE-----ELAKRGTPFFGGNSPGMVDYMIWPWFE 73
Query: 385 -LAVYGVLSSIEGCEA-FKDLMAKSKIKPWYERMR 417
L +L E C F K+K W M+
Sbjct: 74 RLEALKLLDGYELCLDRFP------KLKKWMAAMK 102
>gnl|CDD|223767 COG0695, GrxC, Glutaredoxin and related proteins [Posttranslational
modification, protein turnover, chaperones].
Length = 80
Score = 38.8 bits (91), Expect = 4e-04
Identities = 11/32 (34%), Positives = 20/32 (62%)
Query: 113 KITLFQYPTCPFCCKVRAFLDYYGVSYDIVEV 144
+T++ P CP+C + + LD GV Y+ ++V
Sbjct: 2 NVTIYTKPGCPYCKRAKRLLDRKGVDYEEIDV 33
Score = 38.8 bits (91), Expect = 4e-04
Identities = 11/32 (34%), Positives = 20/32 (62%)
Query: 549 KITLFQYPTCPFCCKVRAFLDYYGVSYDIVEV 580
+T++ P CP+C + + LD GV Y+ ++V
Sbjct: 2 NVTIYTKPGCPYCKRAKRLLDRKGVDYEEIDV 33
>gnl|CDD|222111 pfam13410, GST_C_2, Glutathione S-transferase, C-terminal domain.
This domain is closely related to pfam00043.
Length = 69
Score = 37.3 bits (87), Expect = 0.001
Identities = 18/69 (26%), Positives = 35/69 (50%), Gaps = 2/69 (2%)
Query: 349 EEVRESLYDECNQWVKTIEKR-ENGPFFGGQKPNLADLAVYGVLSSIEGCEAFKDLMAKS 407
+ E + + + +E+R +GP+ G +P+LAD+A+ L+ ++ DL A
Sbjct: 1 QAALERALAQLERALDALEERLADGPYLLGDRPSLADIALAPALARLDFRGPGLDLRAGY 60
Query: 408 -KIKPWYER 415
++ W ER
Sbjct: 61 PNLRAWLER 69
>gnl|CDD|239017 cd02066, GRX_family, Glutaredoxin (GRX) family; composed of GRX,
approximately 10 kDa in size, and proteins containing a
GRX or GRX-like domain. GRX is a glutathione (GSH)
dependent reductase, catalyzing the disulfide reduction
of target proteins such as ribonucleotide reductase. It
contains a redox active CXXC motif in a TRX fold and
uses a similar dithiol mechanism employed by TRXs for
intramolecular disulfide bond reduction of protein
substrates. Unlike TRX, GRX has preference for mixed GSH
disulfide substrates, in which it uses a monothiol
mechanism where only the N-terminal cysteine is
required. The flow of reducing equivalents in the GRX
system goes from NADPH -> GSH reductase -> GSH -> GRX ->
protein substrates. By altering the redox state of
target proteins, GRX is involved in many cellular
functions including DNA synthesis, signal transduction
and the defense against oxidative stress. Different
classes are known including human GRX1 and GRX2, as well
as E. coli GRX1 and GRX3, which are members of this
family. E. coli GRX2, however, is a 24-kDa protein that
belongs to the GSH S-transferase (GST) family.
Length = 72
Score = 37.4 bits (88), Expect = 0.001
Identities = 11/43 (25%), Positives = 27/43 (62%), Gaps = 2/43 (4%)
Query: 113 KITLFQYPTCPFCCKVRAFLDYYGVSYDIVEV--NAVLRQQIK 153
K+ +F TCP+C + + L+ G+ ++ +++ + LR+++K
Sbjct: 1 KVVVFSKSTCPYCKRAKRLLESLGIEFEEIDILEDGELREELK 43
Score = 35.9 bits (84), Expect = 0.004
Identities = 8/34 (23%), Positives = 20/34 (58%)
Query: 549 KITLFQYPTCPFCCKVRAFLDYYGVSYDIVEVNA 582
K+ +F TCP+C + + L+ G+ ++ +++
Sbjct: 1 KVVVFSKSTCPYCKRAKRLLESLGIEFEEIDILE 34
>gnl|CDD|198302 cd03193, GST_C_Metaxin, C-terminal, alpha helical domain of Metaxin
and related proteins. Glutathione S-transferase (GST)
C-terminal domain family, Metaxin subfamily; composed of
metaxins and related proteins. Metaxin 1 is a component
of a preprotein import complex of the mitochondrial
outer membrane. It extends to the cytosol and is
anchored to the mitochondrial membrane through its
C-terminal domain. In mice, metaxin is required for
embryonic development. In humans, alterations in the
metaxin gene may be associated with Gaucher disease.
Metaxin 2 binds to metaxin 1 and may also play a role in
protein translocation into the mitochondria. Genome
sequencing shows that a third metaxin gene also exists
in zebrafish, Xenopus, chicken, and mammals. Sequence
analysis suggests that all three metaxins share a common
ancestry and that they possess similarity to GSTs. Also
included in the subfamily are uncharacterized proteins
with similarity to metaxins, including a novel GST from
Rhodococcus with toluene o-monooxygenase and
glutamylcysteine synthetase activities. Other members
are the cadmium-inducible lysosomal protein CDR-1 and
its homologs from C. elegans, and the failed axon
connections (fax) protein from Drosophila. CDR-1 is an
integral membrane protein that functions to protect
against cadmium toxicity and may also have a role in
osmoregulation to maintain salt balance in C. elegans.
The fax gene of Drosophila was identified as a genetic
modifier of Abelson (Abl) tyrosine kinase. The fax
protein is localized in cellular membranes and is
expressed in embryonic mesoderm and axons of the central
nervous system.
Length = 88
Score = 36.4 bits (85), Expect = 0.004
Identities = 15/63 (23%), Positives = 26/63 (41%), Gaps = 4/63 (6%)
Query: 333 AMYYISKRLKKRHNLKEEVRESLYDECNQWVKTIEKR-ENGPFFGGQKPNLADLAVYGVL 391
A R+ + H RE +Y+ + ++ + + F G KP D V+ L
Sbjct: 1 ARALS--RMVETHLYWALRRE-IYELALEDLEALSTLLGDKKFLFGDKPTSVDATVFAHL 57
Query: 392 SSI 394
+SI
Sbjct: 58 ASI 60
>gnl|CDD|239334 cd03036, ArsC_like, Arsenate Reductase (ArsC) family, unknown
subfamily; uncharacterized proteins containing a CXXC
motif with similarity to thioredoxin (TRX)-fold arsenic
reductases, ArsC. Proteins containing a redox active
CXXC motif like TRX and glutaredoxin (GRX) function as
protein disulfide oxidoreductases, altering the redox
state of target proteins via the reversible oxidation of
the active site dithiol. ArsC catalyzes the reduction of
arsenate [As(V)] to arsenite [As(III)], using reducing
equivalents derived from glutathione via GRX, through a
single catalytic cysteine.
Length = 111
Score = 36.8 bits (86), Expect = 0.004
Identities = 17/52 (32%), Positives = 26/52 (50%), Gaps = 3/52 (5%)
Query: 114 ITLFQYPTCPFCCKVRAFLDYYGVSY---DIVEVNAVLRQQIKWSSYKKVPI 162
+ ++YP C C K + +LD +GV Y DIVE + KW +P+
Sbjct: 1 LKFYEYPKCSTCRKAKKWLDEHGVDYTAIDIVEEPPSKEELKKWLEKSGLPL 52
Score = 34.1 bits (79), Expect = 0.037
Identities = 14/33 (42%), Positives = 20/33 (60%), Gaps = 3/33 (9%)
Query: 550 ITLFQYPTCPFCCKVRAFLDYYGVSY---DIVE 579
+ ++YP C C K + +LD +GV Y DIVE
Sbjct: 1 LKFYEYPKCSTCRKAKKWLDEHGVDYTAIDIVE 33
>gnl|CDD|198301 cd03192, GST_C_Sigma_like, C-terminal, alpha helical domain of
Class Sigma-like Glutathione S-transferases.
Glutathione S-transferase (GST) C-terminal domain
family, Class Sigma_like; composed of GSTs belonging to
class Sigma and similar proteins, including GSTs from
class Mu, Pi, and Alpha. GSTs are cytosolic dimeric
proteins involved in cellular detoxification by
catalyzing the conjugation of glutathione (GSH) with a
wide range of endogenous and xenobiotic alkylating
agents, including carcinogens, therapeutic drugs,
environmental toxins, and products of oxidative stress.
The GST fold contains an N-terminal thioredoxin-fold
domain and a C-terminal alpha helical domain, with an
active site located in a cleft between the two domains.
GSH binds to the N-terminal domain while the hydrophobic
substrate occupies a pocket in the C-terminal domain.
Vertebrate class Sigma GSTs are characterized as
GSH-dependent hematopoietic prostaglandin (PG) D
synthases and are responsible for the production of PGD2
by catalyzing the isomerization of PGH2. The functions
of PGD2 include the maintenance of body temperature,
inhibition of platelet aggregation, bronchoconstriction,
vasodilation, and mediation of allergy and inflammation.
Other class Sigma-like members include the class II
insect GSTs, S-crystallins from cephalopods,
nematode-specific GSTs, and 28-kDa GSTs from parasitic
flatworms. Drosophila GST2 is associated with indirect
flight muscle and exhibits preference for catalyzing GSH
conjugation to lipid peroxidation products, indicating
an anti-oxidant role. S-crystallin constitutes the major
lens protein in cephalopod eyes and is responsible for
lens transparency and proper refractive index. The
28-kDa GST from Schistosoma is a multifunctional enzyme,
exhibiting GSH transferase, GSH peroxidase, and PGD2
synthase activities, and may play an important role in
host-parasite interactions. Members also include novel
GSTs from the fungus Cunninghamella elegans, designated
as class Gamma, and from the protozoan Blepharisma
japonicum, described as a light-inducible GST.
Length = 104
Score = 36.8 bits (86), Expect = 0.004
Identities = 22/90 (24%), Positives = 42/90 (46%), Gaps = 10/90 (11%)
Query: 332 YAMYYISKRLKKRHNLKEEVRESLYDECNQWVKTIEK---RENGPFFGGQKPNLADLAVY 388
+A Y+ +++ KE+ +E L + +++ EK + G +F G K ADLA++
Sbjct: 20 FAPYFYEPDGEEK---KEKKKEFLEEALPKFLGKFEKILKKSGGGYFVGDKLTWADLALF 76
Query: 389 GVLSSIEGCEAFKDLMAKS--KIKPWYERM 416
VL + + + K+K ER+
Sbjct: 77 DVLDYLL--YLLPKDLLEKYPKLKALRERV 104
>gnl|CDD|239335 cd03037, GST_N_GRX2, GST_N family, Glutaredoxin 2 (GRX2) subfamily;
composed of bacterial proteins similar to E. coli GRX2,
an atypical GRX with a molecular mass of about 24kD,
compared with other GRXs which are 9-12kD in size. GRX2
adopts a GST fold containing an N-terminal
thioredoxin-fold domain and a C-terminal alpha helical
domain. It contains a redox active CXXC motif located in
the N-terminal domain but is not able to reduce
ribonucleotide reductase like other GRXs. However, it
catalyzes GSH-dependent protein disulfide reduction of
other substrates efficiently. GRX2 is thought to
function primarily in catalyzing the reversible
glutathionylation of proteins in cellular redox
regulation including stress responses.
Length = 71
Score = 35.8 bits (83), Expect = 0.005
Identities = 16/49 (32%), Positives = 22/49 (44%), Gaps = 1/49 (2%)
Query: 116 LFQYPTCPFCCKVRAFLDYYGVSYD-IVEVNAVLRQQIKWSSYKKVPIL 163
L+ Y CPFC K R + + I+ N I+ K+VPIL
Sbjct: 3 LYIYEHCPFCVKARMIAGLKNIPVEQIILQNDDEATPIRMIGAKQVPIL 51
Score = 30.1 bits (68), Expect = 0.48
Identities = 8/27 (29%), Positives = 12/27 (44%)
Query: 552 LFQYPTCPFCCKVRAFLDYYGVSYDIV 578
L+ Y CPFC K R + + +
Sbjct: 3 LYIYEHCPFCVKARMIAGLKNIPVEQI 29
>gnl|CDD|182607 PRK10638, PRK10638, glutaredoxin 3; Provisional.
Length = 83
Score = 35.6 bits (82), Expect = 0.008
Identities = 17/52 (32%), Positives = 29/52 (55%), Gaps = 3/52 (5%)
Query: 113 KITLFQYPTCPFCCKVRAFLDYYGVSYDIVEV--NAVLRQQ-IKWSSYKKVP 161
+ ++ TCPFC + +A L+ GVS+ + + +A R++ IK S VP
Sbjct: 3 NVEIYTKATCPFCHRAKALLNSKGVSFQEIPIDGDAAKREEMIKRSGRTTVP 54
Score = 31.7 bits (72), Expect = 0.15
Identities = 12/40 (30%), Positives = 23/40 (57%), Gaps = 2/40 (5%)
Query: 549 KITLFQYPTCPFCCKVRAFLDYYGVSYDIVEV--NAVLRQ 586
+ ++ TCPFC + +A L+ GVS+ + + +A R+
Sbjct: 3 NVEIYTKATCPFCHRAKALLNSKGVSFQEIPIDGDAAKRE 42
>gnl|CDD|198311 cd03202, GST_C_etherase_LigE, C-terminal, alpha helical domain of
Beta etherase LigE. Glutathione S-transferase (GST)
C-terminal domain family, Beta etherase LigE subfamily;
composed of proteins similar to Sphingomonas
paucimobilis beta etherase, LigE, a GST-like protein
that catalyzes the cleavage of the beta-aryl ether
linkages present in low-moleculer weight lignins using
GSH as the hydrogen donor. This reaction is an essential
step in the degradation of lignin, a complex phenolic
polymer that is the most abundant aromatic material in
the biosphere. The beta etherase activity of LigE is
enantioselective and it complements the activity of the
other GST family beta etherase, LigF. The GST fold
contains an N-terminal thioredoxin-fold domain and a
C-terminal alpha helical domain, with an active site
located in a cleft between the two domains.
Length = 124
Score = 36.1 bits (84), Expect = 0.009
Identities = 16/44 (36%), Positives = 18/44 (40%)
Query: 373 PFFGGQKPNLADLAVYGVLSSIEGCEAFKDLMAKSKIKPWYERM 416
PF GG PN AD V+G L A + W ERM
Sbjct: 78 PFLGGAAPNYADYIVFGAFQWARSVSPLPLLEADDPVAAWRERM 121
>gnl|CDD|239357 cd03059, GST_N_SspA, GST_N family, Stringent starvation protein A
(SspA) subfamily; SspA is a RNA polymerase
(RNAP)-associated protein required for the lytic
development of phage P1 and for stationary phase-induced
acid tolerance of E. coli. It is implicated in survival
during nutrient starvation. SspA adopts the GST fold
with an N-terminal TRX-fold domain and a C-terminal
alpha helical domain, but it does not bind glutathione
(GSH) and lacks GST activity. SspA is highly conserved
among gram-negative bacteria. Related proteins found in
Neisseria (called RegF), Francisella and Vibrio regulate
the expression of virulence factors necessary for
pathogenesis.
Length = 73
Score = 34.6 bits (80), Expect = 0.012
Identities = 11/33 (33%), Positives = 19/33 (57%)
Query: 114 ITLFQYPTCPFCCKVRAFLDYYGVSYDIVEVNA 146
+TL+ P + +VR L GVS +I++V+
Sbjct: 1 MTLYSGPDDVYSHRVRIVLAEKGVSVEIIDVDP 33
Score = 34.6 bits (80), Expect = 0.012
Identities = 11/33 (33%), Positives = 19/33 (57%)
Query: 550 ITLFQYPTCPFCCKVRAFLDYYGVSYDIVEVNA 582
+TL+ P + +VR L GVS +I++V+
Sbjct: 1 MTLYSGPDDVYSHRVRIVLAEKGVSVEIIDVDP 33
>gnl|CDD|224311 COG1393, ArsC, Arsenate reductase and related proteins,
glutaredoxin family [Inorganic ion transport and
metabolism].
Length = 117
Score = 34.9 bits (81), Expect = 0.025
Identities = 10/31 (32%), Positives = 18/31 (58%)
Query: 114 ITLFQYPTCPFCCKVRAFLDYYGVSYDIVEV 144
IT++ P C C K A+L+ +G+ Y ++
Sbjct: 3 ITIYGNPNCSTCRKALAWLEEHGIEYTFIDY 33
Score = 34.9 bits (81), Expect = 0.025
Identities = 10/31 (32%), Positives = 18/31 (58%)
Query: 550 ITLFQYPTCPFCCKVRAFLDYYGVSYDIVEV 580
IT++ P C C K A+L+ +G+ Y ++
Sbjct: 3 ITIYGNPNCSTCRKALAWLEEHGIEYTFIDY 33
>gnl|CDD|239510 cd03418, GRX_GRXb_1_3_like, Glutaredoxin (GRX) family, GRX
bacterial class 1 and 3 (b_1_3)-like subfamily; composed
of bacterial GRXs, approximately 10 kDa in size, and
proteins containing a GRX or GRX-like domain. GRX is a
glutathione (GSH) dependent reductase, catalyzing the
disulfide reduction of target proteins such as
ribonucleotide reductase. It contains a redox active
CXXC motif in a TRX fold and uses a similar dithiol
mechanism employed by TRXs for intramolecular disulfide
bond reduction of protein substrates. Unlike TRX, GRX
has preference for mixed GSH disulfide substrates, in
which it uses a monothiol mechanism where only the
N-terminal cysteine is required. The flow of reducing
equivalents in the GRX system goes from NADPH -> GSH
reductase -> GSH -> GRX -> protein substrates. By
altering the redox state of target proteins, GRX is
involved in many cellular functions including DNA
synthesis, signal transduction and the defense against
oxidative stress. Different classes are known including
E. coli GRX1 and GRX3, which are members of this
subfamily.
Length = 75
Score = 33.7 bits (78), Expect = 0.027
Identities = 12/32 (37%), Positives = 21/32 (65%)
Query: 113 KITLFQYPTCPFCCKVRAFLDYYGVSYDIVEV 144
K+ ++ P CP+C + +A LD GV Y+ ++V
Sbjct: 1 KVEIYTKPNCPYCVRAKALLDKKGVDYEEIDV 32
Score = 33.7 bits (78), Expect = 0.027
Identities = 12/32 (37%), Positives = 21/32 (65%)
Query: 549 KITLFQYPTCPFCCKVRAFLDYYGVSYDIVEV 580
K+ ++ P CP+C + +A LD GV Y+ ++V
Sbjct: 1 KVEIYTKPNCPYCVRAKALLDKKGVDYEEIDV 32
>gnl|CDD|239275 cd02977, ArsC_family, Arsenate Reductase (ArsC) family; composed of
TRX-fold arsenic reductases and similar proteins
including the transcriptional regulator, Spx. ArsC
catalyzes the reduction of arsenate [As(V)] to arsenite
[As(III)], using reducing equivalents derived from
glutathione (GSH) via glutaredoxin (GRX), through a
single catalytic cysteine. This family of predominantly
bacterial enzymes is unrelated to two other families of
arsenate reductases which show similarity to
low-molecular-weight acid phosphatases and
phosphotyrosyl phosphatases. Spx is a general regulator
that exerts negative and positive control over
transcription initiation by binding to the C-terminal
domain of the alpha subunit of RNA polymerase.
Length = 105
Score = 34.4 bits (80), Expect = 0.028
Identities = 9/30 (30%), Positives = 18/30 (60%)
Query: 114 ITLFQYPTCPFCCKVRAFLDYYGVSYDIVE 143
IT++ P C K A+L+ +G+ Y+ ++
Sbjct: 1 ITIYGNPNCSTSRKALAWLEEHGIEYEFID 30
Score = 34.4 bits (80), Expect = 0.028
Identities = 9/30 (30%), Positives = 18/30 (60%)
Query: 550 ITLFQYPTCPFCCKVRAFLDYYGVSYDIVE 579
IT++ P C K A+L+ +G+ Y+ ++
Sbjct: 1 ITIYGNPNCSTSRKALAWLEEHGIEYEFID 30
>gnl|CDD|233495 TIGR01617, arsC_related, transcriptional regulator, Spx/MgsR
family. This model represents a portion of the proteins
within the larger set covered by pfam03960. That larger
family includes a glutaredoxin-dependent arsenate
reductase (TIGR00014). Characterized members of this
family include Spx and MgsR from Bacillus subtili. Spx
is a global regulator for response to thiol-specific
oxidative stress. It interacts with RNA polymerase. MgsR
(modulator of the general stress response, also called
YqgZ) provides a second level of regulation for more
than a third of the proteins in the B. subtilis general
stress regulon controlled by Sigma-B [Regulatory
functions, DNA interactions].
Length = 117
Score = 34.7 bits (80), Expect = 0.030
Identities = 13/43 (30%), Positives = 22/43 (51%), Gaps = 4/43 (9%)
Query: 114 ITLFQYPTCPFCCKVRAFLDYYGVSY---DIVEVNAVLRQQIK 153
I ++ P C C K R +L+ G+ Y DI E + R+++
Sbjct: 1 IKVYGSPNCTTCKKARRWLEANGIEYQFIDIGE-DGPTREELL 42
Score = 33.9 bits (78), Expect = 0.051
Identities = 9/26 (34%), Positives = 14/26 (53%)
Query: 550 ITLFQYPTCPFCCKVRAFLDYYGVSY 575
I ++ P C C K R +L+ G+ Y
Sbjct: 1 IKVYGSPNCTTCKKARRWLEANGIEY 26
>gnl|CDD|233766 TIGR02181, GRX_bact, Glutaredoxin, GrxC family. Glutaredoxins are
thioltransferases (disulfide reductases) which utilize
glutathione and NADPH as cofactors. Oxidized glutathione
is regenerated by glutathione reductase. Together these
components compose the glutathione system. Glutaredoxins
utilize the CXXC motif common to thioredoxins and are
involved in multiple cellular processes including
protection from redox stress, reduction of critical
enzymes such as ribonucleotide reductase and the
generation of reduced sulfur for iron sulfur cluster
formation. Glutaredoxins are capable of reduction of
mixed disulfides of glutathione as well as the formation
of glutathione mixed disulfides. This family of
glutaredoxins includes the E. coli protein GrxC (Grx3)
which appears to have a secondary role in reducing
ribonucleotide reductase (in the absence of GrxA)
possibly indicating a role in the reduction of other
protein disulfides [Energy metabolism, Electron
transport].
Length = 79
Score = 33.4 bits (77), Expect = 0.039
Identities = 10/31 (32%), Positives = 19/31 (61%)
Query: 114 ITLFQYPTCPFCCKVRAFLDYYGVSYDIVEV 144
+T++ P CP+C + +A L GV++ + V
Sbjct: 1 VTIYTKPYCPYCTRAKALLSSKGVTFTEIRV 31
Score = 33.4 bits (77), Expect = 0.039
Identities = 10/31 (32%), Positives = 19/31 (61%)
Query: 550 ITLFQYPTCPFCCKVRAFLDYYGVSYDIVEV 580
+T++ P CP+C + +A L GV++ + V
Sbjct: 1 VTIYTKPYCPYCTRAKALLSSKGVTFTEIRV 31
>gnl|CDD|198294 cd03185, GST_C_Tau, C-terminal, alpha helical domain of Class Tau
Glutathione S-transferases. Glutathione S-transferase
(GST) C-terminal domain family, Class Tau subfamily;
GSTs are cytosolic dimeric proteins involved in cellular
detoxification by catalyzing the conjugation of
glutathione (GSH) with a wide range of endogenous and
xenobiotic alkylating agents, including carcinogens,
therapeutic drugs, environmental toxins and products of
oxidative stress. The GST fold contains an N-terminal
thioredoxin-fold domain and a C-terminal alpha helical
domain, with an active site located in a cleft between
the two domains. GSH binds to the N-terminal domain
while the hydrophobic substrate occupies a pocket in the
C-terminal domain. The plant-specific class Tau GST
subfamily has undergone extensive gene duplication. The
Arabidopsis and Oryza genomes contain 28 and 40 Tau
GSTs, respectively. They are primarily responsible for
herbicide detoxification together with class Phi GSTs,
showing class specificity in substrate preference. Tau
enzymes are highly efficient in detoxifying
diphenylether and aryloxyphenoxypropionate herbicides.
In addition, Tau GSTs play important roles in
intracellular signalling, biosynthesis of anthocyanin,
responses to soil stresses and responses to auxin and
cytokinin hormones.
Length = 127
Score = 34.5 bits (80), Expect = 0.039
Identities = 15/58 (25%), Positives = 23/58 (39%), Gaps = 10/58 (17%)
Query: 348 KEEVRESLYDECNQWVKTIEK--RENGPFFGGQKPNLADLAVYGVLSSIEGCEAFKDL 403
EE E+L K +E+ + PFFGG D+A+ L + E +
Sbjct: 37 VEEALEAL--------KVLEEELKGGKPFFGGDTIGYLDIALGSFLGWFKAIEEVGGV 86
>gnl|CDD|215674 pfam00043, GST_C, Glutathione S-transferase, C-terminal domain.
GST conjugates reduced glutathione to a variety of
targets including S-crystallin from squid, the
eukaryotic elongation factor 1-gamma, the HSP26 family
of stress-related proteins and auxin-regulated proteins
in plants. Stringent starvation proteins in E. coli are
also included in the alignment but are not known to have
GST activity. The glutathione molecule binds in a cleft
between N and C-terminal domains. The catalytically
important residues are proposed to reside in the
N-terminal domain. In plants, GSTs are encoded by a
large gene family (48 GST genes in Arabidopsis) and can
be divided into the phi, tau, theta, zeta, and lambda
classes.
Length = 92
Score = 33.4 bits (77), Expect = 0.044
Identities = 20/87 (22%), Positives = 35/87 (40%), Gaps = 8/87 (9%)
Query: 332 YAMYYISKRLKKRHNLKEEVRESLYDECNQWVKTIEKR-ENGPFFGGQKPNLADLAVYGV 390
YA+ +K EE E L ++ +E+ + + G K LAD+A+
Sbjct: 8 YALLPYGPPEEKDEPEVEEALEKLLKV----LEALEEVLKGKTYLVGDKLTLADIALAPA 63
Query: 391 LSSIEGCEAFKDLMAKS-KIKPWYERM 416
L + D + K +K W +R+
Sbjct: 64 LDWLY--MLEPDPLEKFPNLKAWRKRV 88
>gnl|CDD|239511 cd03419, GRX_GRXh_1_2_like, Glutaredoxin (GRX) family, GRX human
class 1 and 2 (h_1_2)-like subfamily; composed of
proteins similar to human GRXs, approximately 10 kDa in
size, and proteins containing a GRX or GRX-like domain.
GRX is a glutathione (GSH) dependent reductase,
catalyzing the disulfide reduction of target proteins
such as ribonucleotide reductase. It contains a redox
active CXXC motif in a TRX fold and uses a similar
dithiol mechanism employed by TRXs for intramolecular
disulfide bond reduction of protein substrates. Unlike
TRX, GRX has preference for mixed GSH disulfide
substrates, in which it uses a monothiol mechanism where
only the N-terminal cysteine is required. The flow of
reducing equivalents in the GRX system goes from NADPH
-> GSH reductase -> GSH -> GRX -> protein substrates. By
altering the redox state of target proteins, GRX is
involved in many cellular functions including DNA
synthesis, signal transduction and the defense against
oxidative stress. Different classes are known including
human GRX1 and GRX2, which are members of this
subfamily. Also included in this subfamily are the
N-terminal GRX domains of proteins similar to human
thioredoxin reductase 1 and 3.
Length = 82
Score = 32.9 bits (76), Expect = 0.066
Identities = 9/33 (27%), Positives = 18/33 (54%)
Query: 113 KITLFQYPTCPFCCKVRAFLDYYGVSYDIVEVN 145
+ +F CP+C + ++ L GV +VE++
Sbjct: 1 PVVVFSKSYCPYCKRAKSLLKELGVKPAVVELD 33
Score = 32.9 bits (76), Expect = 0.066
Identities = 9/33 (27%), Positives = 18/33 (54%)
Query: 549 KITLFQYPTCPFCCKVRAFLDYYGVSYDIVEVN 581
+ +F CP+C + ++ L GV +VE++
Sbjct: 1 PVVVFSKSYCPYCKRAKSLLKELGVKPAVVELD 33
>gnl|CDD|198287 cd03177, GST_C_Delta_Epsilon, C-terminal, alpha helical domain of
Class Delta and Epsilon Glutathione S-transferases.
Glutathione S-transferase (GST) C-terminal domain
family, Class Delta and Epsilon subfamily; GSTs are
cytosolic dimeric proteins involved in cellular
detoxification by catalyzing the conjugation of
glutathione (GSH) with a wide range of endogenous and
xenobiotic alkylating agents, including carcinogens,
therapeutic drugs, environmental toxins and products of
oxidative stress. GSTs also show GSH peroxidase activity
and are involved in the synthesis of prostaglandins and
leukotrienes. The GST fold contains an N-terminal
thioredoxin-fold domain and a C-terminal alpha helical
domain, with an active site located in a cleft between
the two domains. GSH binds to the N-terminal domain
while the hydrophobic substrate occupies a pocket in the
C-terminal domain. The class Delta and Epsilon subfamily
is made up primarily of insect GSTs, which play major
roles in insecticide resistance by facilitating
reductive dehydrochlorination of insecticides or
conjugating them with GSH to produce water-soluble
metabolites that are easily excreted. They are also
implicated in protection against cellular damage by
oxidative stress.
Length = 117
Score = 33.3 bits (77), Expect = 0.085
Identities = 13/48 (27%), Positives = 24/48 (50%), Gaps = 2/48 (4%)
Query: 370 ENGPFFGGQKPNLADLAVYGVLSSIEGCEAFKDLMAKSKIKPWYERMR 417
E + G + +ADL++ +S++E DL + WYER++
Sbjct: 55 EGSDYVAGDQLTIADLSLVATVSTLEVVGF--DLSKYPNVAAWYERLK 100
>gnl|CDD|131251 TIGR02196, GlrX_YruB, Glutaredoxin-like protein, YruB-family. This
glutaredoxin-like protein family contains the conserved
CxxC motif and includes the Clostridium pasteurianum
protein YruB which has been cloned from a rubredoxin
operon. Somewhat related to NrdH, it is unknown whether
this protein actually interacts with
glutathione/glutathione reducatase, or, like NrdH, some
other reductant system.
Length = 74
Score = 32.4 bits (74), Expect = 0.093
Identities = 15/65 (23%), Positives = 38/65 (58%), Gaps = 5/65 (7%)
Query: 113 KITLFQYPTCPFCCKVRAFLDYYGVSYDIVEV--NAVLRQQI-KWSSYKKVPILLV--KV 167
K+ ++ P CP C K + +L G++++ ++V ++ R+++ K + VP++++ K+
Sbjct: 1 KVKVYTTPWCPPCKKAKEYLTSKGIAFEEIDVEKDSAAREEVLKVLGQRGVPVIVIGHKI 60
Query: 168 PNGYQ 172
G+
Sbjct: 61 IVGFD 65
Score = 31.6 bits (72), Expect = 0.16
Identities = 9/32 (28%), Positives = 20/32 (62%)
Query: 549 KITLFQYPTCPFCCKVRAFLDYYGVSYDIVEV 580
K+ ++ P CP C K + +L G++++ ++V
Sbjct: 1 KVKVYTTPWCPPCKKAKEYLTSKGIAFEEIDV 32
>gnl|CDD|239327 cd03029, GRX_hybridPRX5, Glutaredoxin (GRX) family, PRX5 hybrid
subfamily; composed of hybrid proteins containing
peroxiredoxin (PRX) and GRX domains, which is found in
some pathogenic bacteria and cyanobacteria. PRXs are
thiol-specific antioxidant (TSA) proteins that confer a
protective antioxidant role in cells through their
peroxidase activity in which hydrogen peroxide,
peroxynitrate, and organic hydroperoxides are reduced
and detoxified using reducing equivalents derived from
either thioredoxin, glutathione, trypanothione and AhpF.
GRX is a glutathione (GSH) dependent reductase,
catalyzing the disulfide reduction of target proteins.
PRX-GRX hybrid proteins from Haemophilus influenza and
Neisseria meningitis exhibit GSH-dependent peroxidase
activity. The flow of reducing equivalents in the
catalytic cycle of the hybrid protein goes from NADPH ->
GSH reductase -> GSH -> GRX domain of hybrid -> PRX
domain of hybrid -> peroxide substrate.
Length = 72
Score = 32.1 bits (73), Expect = 0.094
Identities = 12/27 (44%), Positives = 18/27 (66%)
Query: 114 ITLFQYPTCPFCCKVRAFLDYYGVSYD 140
++LF P CPFC + +A L G+SY+
Sbjct: 3 VSLFTKPGCPFCARAKAALQENGISYE 29
Score = 32.1 bits (73), Expect = 0.094
Identities = 12/27 (44%), Positives = 18/27 (66%)
Query: 550 ITLFQYPTCPFCCKVRAFLDYYGVSYD 576
++LF P CPFC + +A L G+SY+
Sbjct: 3 VSLFTKPGCPFCARAKAALQENGISYE 29
>gnl|CDD|131245 TIGR02190, GlrX-dom, Glutaredoxin-family domain. This C-terminal
domain with homology to glutaredoxin is fused to an
N-terminal peroxiredoxin-like domain.
Length = 79
Score = 31.7 bits (72), Expect = 0.14
Identities = 14/40 (35%), Positives = 19/40 (47%), Gaps = 2/40 (5%)
Query: 105 VPEDTTGLKITLFQYPTCPFCCKVRAFLDYYGVSYDIVEV 144
P+ + +F P CPFC K +A L G YD E+
Sbjct: 1 APQARKPESVVVFTKPGCPFCAKAKATLKEKG--YDFEEI 38
Score = 31.7 bits (72), Expect = 0.14
Identities = 14/40 (35%), Positives = 19/40 (47%), Gaps = 2/40 (5%)
Query: 541 VPEDTTGLKITLFQYPTCPFCCKVRAFLDYYGVSYDIVEV 580
P+ + +F P CPFC K +A L G YD E+
Sbjct: 1 APQARKPESVVVFTKPGCPFCAKAKATLKEKG--YDFEEI 38
>gnl|CDD|239349 cd03051, GST_N_GTT2_like, GST_N family, Saccharomyces cerevisiae
GTT2-like subfamily; composed of predominantly
uncharacterized proteins with similarity to the S.
cerevisiae GST protein, GTT2. GSTs are cytosolic dimeric
proteins involved in cellular detoxification by
catalyzing the conjugation of glutathione (GSH) with a
wide range of endogenous and xenobiotic alkylating
agents, including carcinogens, therapeutic drugs,
environmental toxins and products of oxidative stress.
GSTs also show GSH peroxidase activity and are involved
in the synthesis of prostaglandins and leukotrienes. The
GST fold contains an N-terminal TRX-fold domain and a
C-terminal alpha helical domain, with an active site
located in a cleft between the two domains. GTT2, a
homodimer, exhibits GST activity with standard
substrates. Strains with deleted GTT2 genes are viable
but exhibit increased sensitivity to heat shock.
Length = 74
Score = 30.7 bits (70), Expect = 0.28
Identities = 16/53 (30%), Positives = 23/53 (43%), Gaps = 5/53 (9%)
Query: 116 LFQYPTCPFCCKVRAFLDYYGVSYDIVEVNAVLRQQIKWSSYKK-----VPIL 163
L+ PT P +VR FL G+ +V V+ +Q K VP+L
Sbjct: 3 LYDSPTAPNPRRVRIFLAEKGIDVPLVTVDLAAGEQRSPEFLAKNPAGTVPVL 55
>gnl|CDD|198292 cd03183, GST_C_Theta, C-terminal, alpha helical domain of Class
Theta Glutathione S-transferases. Glutathione
S-transferase (GST) C-terminal domain family, Class
Theta subfamily; composed of eukaryotic class Theta GSTs
and bacterial dichloromethane (DCM) dehalogenase. GSTs
are cytosolic dimeric proteins involved in cellular
detoxification by catalyzing the conjugation of
glutathione (GSH) with a wide range of endogenous and
xenobiotic alkylating agents, including carcinogens,
therapeutic drugs, environmental toxins and products of
oxidative stress. The GST fold contains an N-terminal
thioredoxin-fold domain and a C-terminal alpha helical
domain, with an active site located in a cleft between
the two domains. GSH binds to the N-terminal domain
while the hydrophobic substrate occupies a pocket in the
C-terminal domain. Mammalian class Theta GSTs show poor
GSH conjugating activity towards the standard
substrates, CDNB and ethacrynic acid, differentiating
them from other mammalian GSTs. GSTT1-1 shows similar
cataytic activity as bacterial DCM dehalogenase,
catalyzing the GSH-dependent hydrolytic dehalogenation
of dihalomethanes. This is an essential process in
methylotrophic bacteria to enable them to use
chloromethane and DCM as sole carbon and energy sources.
The presence of polymorphisms in human GSTT1-1 and its
relationship to the onset of diseases including cancer
is the subject of many studies. Human GSTT2-2 exhibits a
highly specific sulfatase activity, catalyzing the
cleavage of sulfate ions from aralkyl sufate esters, but
not from the aryl or alkyl sulfate esters.
Length = 126
Score = 31.4 bits (72), Expect = 0.40
Identities = 19/83 (22%), Positives = 37/83 (44%), Gaps = 16/83 (19%)
Query: 346 NLKEEVRESLYDECNQWVKTIEKR--ENGPFFGGQKPNLADLAVYGVLSSIE--GCEAFK 401
+E + ESL +E + ++ PF G + ++ADL+ + E G + F+
Sbjct: 45 KAEENLEESL--------DLLENKFLKDKPFLAGDEISIADLSAICEIMQPEAAGYDVFE 96
Query: 402 DLMAKSKIKPWYERMRTNVTNHL 424
+ K+ W +R++ N L
Sbjct: 97 G---RPKLAAWRKRVK-EAGNPL 115
>gnl|CDD|217234 pfam02798, GST_N, Glutathione S-transferase, N-terminal domain.
Function: conjugation of reduced glutathione to a
variety of targets. Also included in the alignment, but
are not GSTs: * S-crystallins from squid. Similarity to
GST previously noted. * Eukaryotic elongation factors
1-gamma. Not known to have GST activity; similarity not
previously recognised. * HSP26 family of stress-related
proteins. including auxin-regulated proteins in plants
and stringent starvation proteins in E. coli. Not known
to have GST activity. Similarity not previously
recognised. The glutathione molecule binds in a cleft
between N and C-terminal domains - the catalytically
important residues are proposed to reside in the
N-terminal domain.
Length = 74
Score = 30.3 bits (69), Expect = 0.48
Identities = 14/56 (25%), Positives = 21/56 (37%), Gaps = 7/56 (12%)
Query: 113 KITLFQYPTCPFCCKVRAFLDYYGVSYDIVEVNAVLRQQI-KWSSYK----KVPIL 163
+TLF + R L GV Y+ V V+ + +W +VP L
Sbjct: 2 TLTLFNGR--GRAERCRILLAAKGVEYEDVRVDFSGEHKSPEWLKLNPLMGQVPAL 55
Score = 28.8 bits (65), Expect = 1.4
Identities = 10/33 (30%), Positives = 14/33 (42%), Gaps = 2/33 (6%)
Query: 549 KITLFQYPTCPFCCKVRAFLDYYGVSYDIVEVN 581
+TLF + R L GV Y+ V V+
Sbjct: 2 TLTLFNGR--GRAERCRILLAAKGVEYEDVRVD 32
>gnl|CDD|239378 cd03080, GST_N_Metaxin_like, GST_N family, Metaxin subfamily,
Metaxin-like proteins; a heterogenous group of proteins,
predominantly uncharacterized, with similarity to
metaxins and GSTs. Metaxin 1 is a component of a
preprotein import complex of the mitochondrial outer
membrane. It extends to the cytosol and is anchored to
the mitochondrial membrane through its C-terminal
domain. In mice, metaxin is required for embryonic
development. In humans, alterations in the metaxin gene
may be associated with Gaucher disease. One
characterized member of this subgroup is a novel GST
from Rhodococcus with toluene o-monooxygenase and
gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase activities. Also
members are the cadmium-inducible lysosomal protein
CDR-1 and its homologs from C. elegans, and the failed
axon connections (fax) protein from Drosophila. CDR-1 is
an integral membrane protein that functions to protect
against cadmium toxicity and may also have a role in
osmoregulation to maintain salt balance in C. elegans.
The fax gene of Drosophila was identified as a genetic
modifier of Abelson (Abl) tyrosine kinase. The fax
protein is localized in cellular membranes and is
expressed in embryonic mesoderm and axons of the central
nervous system.
Length = 75
Score = 29.9 bits (68), Expect = 0.59
Identities = 14/36 (38%), Positives = 18/36 (50%), Gaps = 7/36 (19%)
Query: 114 ITLFQYPTC-------PFCCKVRAFLDYYGVSYDIV 142
ITL+Q+P PFC KV FL G+ Y+
Sbjct: 2 ITLYQFPRAFGVPSLSPFCLKVETFLRMAGIPYENK 37
Score = 29.9 bits (68), Expect = 0.59
Identities = 14/36 (38%), Positives = 18/36 (50%), Gaps = 7/36 (19%)
Query: 550 ITLFQYPTC-------PFCCKVRAFLDYYGVSYDIV 578
ITL+Q+P PFC KV FL G+ Y+
Sbjct: 2 ITLYQFPRAFGVPSLSPFCLKVETFLRMAGIPYENK 37
>gnl|CDD|238829 cd01659, TRX_superfamily, Thioredoxin (TRX) superfamily; a large,
diverse group of proteins containing a TRX-fold. Many
members contain a classic TRX domain with a redox active
CXXC motif. They function as protein disulfide
oxidoreductases (PDOs), altering the redox state of
target proteins via the reversible oxidation of their
active site dithiol. The PDO members of this superfamily
include TRX, protein disulfide isomerase (PDI),
tlpA-like, glutaredoxin, NrdH redoxin, and the bacterial
Dsb (DsbA, DsbC, DsbG, DsbE, DsbDgamma) protein
families. Members of the superfamily that do not
function as PDOs but contain a TRX-fold domain include
phosducins, peroxiredoxins and glutathione (GSH)
peroxidases, SCO proteins, GSH transferases (GST,
N-terminal domain), arsenic reductases, TRX-like
ferredoxins and calsequestrin, among others.
Length = 69
Score = 29.6 bits (66), Expect = 0.81
Identities = 19/59 (32%), Positives = 29/59 (49%), Gaps = 7/59 (11%)
Query: 114 ITLFQYPTCPFCCKVRAFLDYY-----GVSYDIVEVNAV--LRQQIKWSSYKKVPILLV 165
+ LF P CPFC +R L GV ++ V+V+ L +++K VP L+V
Sbjct: 1 LVLFYAPWCPFCQALRPVLAELALLNKGVKFEAVDVDEDPALEKELKRYGVGGVPTLVV 59
>gnl|CDD|239325 cd03027, GRX_DEP, Glutaredoxin (GRX) family, Dishevelled, Egl-10,
and Pleckstrin (DEP) subfamily; composed of
uncharacterized proteins containing a GRX domain and
additional domains DEP and DUF547, both of which have
unknown functions. GRX is a glutathione (GSH) dependent
reductase containing a redox active CXXC motif in a TRX
fold. It has preference for mixed GSH disulfide
substrates, in which it uses a monothiol mechanism where
only the N-terminal cysteine is required. By altering
the redox state of target proteins, GRX is involved in
many cellular functions.
Length = 73
Score = 29.3 bits (66), Expect = 0.82
Identities = 12/33 (36%), Positives = 18/33 (54%), Gaps = 2/33 (6%)
Query: 113 KITLFQYPTCPFCCKVRAFLDYYGVSYDIVEVN 145
++T++ C C VR FL G+ Y VE+N
Sbjct: 2 RVTIYSRLGCEDCTAVRLFLREKGLPY--VEIN 32
Score = 29.3 bits (66), Expect = 0.82
Identities = 12/33 (36%), Positives = 18/33 (54%), Gaps = 2/33 (6%)
Query: 549 KITLFQYPTCPFCCKVRAFLDYYGVSYDIVEVN 581
++T++ C C VR FL G+ Y VE+N
Sbjct: 2 RVTIYSRLGCEDCTAVRLFLREKGLPY--VEIN 32
>gnl|CDD|172475 PRK13972, PRK13972, GSH-dependent disulfide bond oxidoreductase;
Provisional.
Length = 215
Score = 31.6 bits (71), Expect = 0.90
Identities = 18/62 (29%), Positives = 33/62 (53%), Gaps = 3/62 (4%)
Query: 358 ECNQWVKTIEKR-ENGPFFGGQKPNLADLAVYGVLSSIEGCEAFKDLMAKSKIKPWYERM 416
E + + KR EN P+ GG+ ++AD+A + +++ DL +K W+ER+
Sbjct: 136 ETQRLYHVLNKRLENSPWLGGENYSIADIACWPWVNA--WTRQRIDLAMYPAVKNWHERI 193
Query: 417 RT 418
R+
Sbjct: 194 RS 195
>gnl|CDD|129260 TIGR00156, TIGR00156, TIGR00156 family protein. As of the last
revision, this family consists only of two proteins from
Escherichia coli and one from the related species
Haemophilus influenzae [Hypothetical proteins,
Conserved].
Length = 126
Score = 30.3 bits (68), Expect = 1.3
Identities = 18/69 (26%), Positives = 25/69 (36%), Gaps = 10/69 (14%)
Query: 170 GYQQMNDSSMIVSCLASYLSDTSVQLE-EVASYFPETEY--RDDDGTVKKEIMNRYFLML 226
G+Q + M V S SV L + S+ + Y RD G + I +
Sbjct: 37 GFQGTDAKKMTVDFAKSMHDGASVTLRGNIISHIGDDRYVFRDKSGEINVVIPAAVW--- 93
Query: 227 NDRMNGRTV 235
NGR V
Sbjct: 94 ----NGREV 98
>gnl|CDD|198324 cd10291, GST_C_YfcG_like, C-terminal, alpha helical domain of
Escherichia coli YfcG Glutathione S-transferases and
related uncharacterized proteins. Glutathione
S-transferase (GST) C-terminal domain family, YfcG-like
subfamily; composed of the Escherichia coli YfcG and
related proteins. GSTs are cytosolic dimeric proteins
involved in cellular detoxification by catalyzing the
conjugation of glutathione (GSH) with a wide range of
endogenous and xenobiotic alkylating agents, including
carcinogens, therapeutic drugs, environmental toxins and
products of oxidative stress. GSTs also show GSH
peroxidase activity and are involved in the synthesis of
prostaglandins and leukotrienes. The GST active site is
located in a cleft between the N- and C-terminal
domains. GSH binds to the N-terminal domain while the
hydrophobic substrate occupies a pocket in the
C-terminal domain. YfcG is one of nine GST homologs in
Escherichia coli. It is expressed predominantly during
the late stationary phase where the predominant form of
GSH is glutathionylspermidine (GspSH), suggesting that
YfcG might interact with GspSH. It has very low or no
GSH transferase or peroxidase activity, but displays a
unique disulfide bond reductase activity that is
comparable to thioredoxins (TRXs) and glutaredoxins
(GRXs). However, unlike TRXs and GRXs, YfcG does not
contain a redox active cysteine residue and may use a
bound thiol disulfide couple such as 2GSH/GSSG for
activity. The crystal structure of YcfG reveals a bound
GSSG molecule in its active site. The actual
physiological substrates for YfcG are yet to be
identified.
Length = 110
Score = 29.9 bits (68), Expect = 1.3
Identities = 13/61 (21%), Positives = 30/61 (49%), Gaps = 3/61 (4%)
Query: 357 DECNQWVKTIEKR-ENGPFFGGQKPNLADLAVYGVLSSIEGCEAFKDLMAKSKIKPWYER 415
+E + +++R + G + ++AD+A++ ++ E DL +K W+ER
Sbjct: 43 NETKRLYGVLDRRLAKSKYLAGDEYSIADIAIWPWVARHEWQGI--DLADFPNLKRWFER 100
Query: 416 M 416
+
Sbjct: 101 L 101
>gnl|CDD|225355 COG2761, FrnE, Predicted dithiol-disulfide isomerase involved in
polyketide biosynthesis [Secondary metabolites
biosynthesis, transport, and catabolism].
Length = 225
Score = 30.8 bits (70), Expect = 1.6
Identities = 11/50 (22%), Positives = 23/50 (46%), Gaps = 5/50 (10%)
Query: 112 LKITLFQYPTCPFCCKVRAFLDYYGVSYDIVEVNAVLRQQIKWSSYKKVP 161
++I +F CP+C + L+ + E +R +I+W ++ P
Sbjct: 6 IEIDVFSDVVCPWCYIGKRRLEKA-----LAEYPQEVRVEIRWRPFELDP 50
>gnl|CDD|185623 PTZ00444, PTZ00444, hypothetical protein; Provisional.
Length = 184
Score = 30.5 bits (69), Expect = 1.7
Identities = 12/20 (60%), Positives = 15/20 (75%)
Query: 261 YRTKEEALQSFEWFSEEQGR 280
Y+ EALQ F+WFSEE+ R
Sbjct: 122 YKGPCEALQYFKWFSEEEKR 141
>gnl|CDD|183072 PRK11280, PRK11280, hypothetical protein; Provisional.
Length = 170
Score = 30.0 bits (68), Expect = 2.0
Identities = 14/53 (26%), Positives = 24/53 (45%), Gaps = 3/53 (5%)
Query: 466 IGLGLGVGSALG---YAYYTNVSLEPVFNEMANTQPVLESFPEGIKVSRKVVV 515
G+G+GV +ALG A P + ++ + P+ E+ + R V V
Sbjct: 1 AGIGIGVAAALGVAAVASLNVFDRGPQYAQVLSATPIKETVKTPRQECRDVTV 53
>gnl|CDD|198305 cd03196, GST_C_5, C-terminal, alpha helical domain of an unknown
subfamily 5 of Glutathione S-transferases. Glutathione
S-transferase (GST) C-terminal domain family, unknown
subfamily 5; composed of uncharacterized bacterial
proteins with similarity to GSTs. GSTs are cytosolic
dimeric proteins involved in cellular detoxification by
catalyzing the conjugation of glutathione (GSH) with a
wide range of endogenous and xenobiotic alkylating
agents, including carcinogens, therapeutic drugs,
environmental toxins, and products of oxidative stress.
GSTs also show GSH peroxidase activity and are involved
in the synthesis of prostaglandins and leukotrienes. The
GST fold contains an N-terminal thioredoxin-fold domain
and a C-terminal alpha helical domain, with an active
site located in a cleft between the two domains. GSH
binds to the N-terminal domain while the hydrophobic
substrate occupies a pocket in the C-terminal domain.
Length = 115
Score = 29.4 bits (67), Expect = 2.0
Identities = 11/46 (23%), Positives = 22/46 (47%), Gaps = 3/46 (6%)
Query: 343 KRHNLKEEVRESLYDECNQWVKTIEKR-ENGPFFGGQKPNLADLAV 387
R+ E+ E + +++ +E R + G +P+LAD A+
Sbjct: 32 DRYP--EDDEEEYRAQAEEFLAELEARLSQHAYLFGDRPSLADYAI 75
>gnl|CDD|239318 cd03020, DsbA_DsbC_DsbG, DsbA family, DsbC and DsbG subfamily;
V-shaped homodimeric proteins containing a redox active
CXXC motif imbedded in a TRX fold. They function as
protein disulfide isomerases and chaperones in the
bacterial periplasm to correct non-native disulfide
bonds formed by DsbA and prevent aggregation of
incorrectly folded proteins. DsbC and DsbG are kept in
their reduced state by the cytoplasmic membrane protein
DsbD, which utilizes the TRX/TRX reductase system in the
cytosol as a source of reducing equivalents. DsbG differ
from DsbC in that it has a more limited substrate
specificity, and it may preferentially act later in the
folding process to catalyze disulfide rearrangements in
folded or partially folded proteins. Also included in
the alignment is the predicted protein TrbB, whose gene
was sequenced from the enterohemorrhagic E. coli type IV
pilus gene cluster, which is required for efficient
plasmid transfer.
Length = 197
Score = 30.4 bits (69), Expect = 2.1
Identities = 7/29 (24%), Positives = 12/29 (41%)
Query: 97 LENMFQVVVPEDTTGLKITLFQYPTCPFC 125
L +V + + +F P CP+C
Sbjct: 64 LPLDDAIVYGKGNGKRVVYVFTDPDCPYC 92
Score = 30.0 bits (68), Expect = 2.5
Identities = 6/24 (25%), Positives = 11/24 (45%)
Query: 538 WVVVPEDTTGLKITLFQYPTCPFC 561
+V + + +F P CP+C
Sbjct: 69 AIVYGKGNGKRVVYVFTDPDCPYC 92
>gnl|CDD|179316 PRK01655, spxA, transcriptional regulator Spx; Reviewed.
Length = 131
Score = 29.7 bits (67), Expect = 2.1
Identities = 9/27 (33%), Positives = 17/27 (62%)
Query: 114 ITLFQYPTCPFCCKVRAFLDYYGVSYD 140
+TLF P+C C K +A+L+ + + +
Sbjct: 2 VTLFTSPSCTSCRKAKAWLEEHDIPFT 28
Score = 29.7 bits (67), Expect = 2.1
Identities = 9/27 (33%), Positives = 17/27 (62%)
Query: 550 ITLFQYPTCPFCCKVRAFLDYYGVSYD 576
+TLF P+C C K +A+L+ + + +
Sbjct: 2 VTLFTSPSCTSCRKAKAWLEEHDIPFT 28
>gnl|CDD|233765 TIGR02180, GRX_euk, Glutaredoxin. Glutaredoxins are
thioltransferases (disulfide reductases) which utilize
glutathione and NADPH as cofactors. Oxidized glutathione
is regenerated by glutathione reductase. Together these
components compose the glutathione system. Glutaredoxins
utilize the CXXC motif common to thioredoxins and are
involved in multiple cellular processes including
protection from redox stress, reduction of critical
enzymes such as ribonucleotide reductase and the
generation of reduced sulfur for iron sulfur cluster
formation. Glutaredoxins are capable of reduction of
mixed disulfides of glutathione as well as the formation
of glutathione mixed disulfides. This model represents
eukaryotic glutaredoxins and includes sequences from
fungi, plants and metazoans as well as viruses.
Length = 84
Score = 28.8 bits (65), Expect = 2.1
Identities = 10/34 (29%), Positives = 19/34 (55%), Gaps = 2/34 (5%)
Query: 114 ITLFQYPTCPFCCKVRAFLDYYGV--SYDIVEVN 145
+ +F CP+C K + L V +Y++VE++
Sbjct: 1 VVVFSKSYCPYCKKAKEILAKLNVKPAYEVVELD 34
Score = 28.8 bits (65), Expect = 2.1
Identities = 10/34 (29%), Positives = 19/34 (55%), Gaps = 2/34 (5%)
Query: 550 ITLFQYPTCPFCCKVRAFLDYYGV--SYDIVEVN 581
+ +F CP+C K + L V +Y++VE++
Sbjct: 1 VVVFSKSYCPYCKKAKEILAKLNVKPAYEVVELD 34
>gnl|CDD|131255 TIGR02200, GlrX_actino, Glutaredoxin-like protein. This family of
glutaredoxin-like proteins is limited to the
Actinobacteria and contains the conserved CxxC motif.
Length = 77
Score = 28.3 bits (63), Expect = 2.2
Identities = 9/32 (28%), Positives = 18/32 (56%)
Query: 113 KITLFQYPTCPFCCKVRAFLDYYGVSYDIVEV 144
IT++ C +C ++ LD G +Y+ V++
Sbjct: 1 TITVYGTTWCGYCAQLMRTLDKLGAAYEWVDI 32
Score = 28.3 bits (63), Expect = 2.2
Identities = 9/32 (28%), Positives = 18/32 (56%)
Query: 549 KITLFQYPTCPFCCKVRAFLDYYGVSYDIVEV 580
IT++ C +C ++ LD G +Y+ V++
Sbjct: 1 TITVYGTTWCGYCAQLMRTLDKLGAAYEWVDI 32
>gnl|CDD|226133 COG3605, PtsP, Signal transduction protein containing GAF and PtsI
domains [Signal transduction mechanisms].
Length = 756
Score = 30.8 bits (70), Expect = 2.4
Identities = 12/56 (21%), Positives = 25/56 (44%), Gaps = 2/56 (3%)
Query: 195 LEEVASYFPETEYRDDDGTVK--KEIMNRYFLMLNDRMNGRTVKDIMDERKWRKWA 248
LE + + R D G K + + + Y + L+DR R +++ + + + A
Sbjct: 223 LESLRASIRRMLKRRDVGLEKEHRAVFDLYRMFLHDRGWRRELEEAIRKGLTAEAA 278
>gnl|CDD|239356 cd03058, GST_N_Tau, GST_N family, Class Tau subfamily; GSTs are
cytosolic dimeric proteins involved in cellular
detoxification by catalyzing the conjugation of
glutathione (GSH) with a wide range of endogenous and
xenobiotic alkylating agents, including carcinogens,
therapeutic drugs, environmental toxins and products of
oxidative stress. The GST fold contains an N-terminal
TRX-fold domain and a C-terminal alpha helical domain,
with an active site located in a cleft between the two
domains. The plant-specific class Tau GST subfamily has
undergone extensive gene duplication. The Arabidopsis
and Oryza genomes contain 28 and 40 Tau GSTs,
respectively. They are primarily responsible for
herbicide detoxification together with class Phi GSTs,
showing class specificity in substrate preference. Tau
enzymes are highly efficient in detoxifying
diphenylether and aryloxyphenoxypropionate herbicides.
In addition, Tau GSTs play important roles in
intracellular signalling, biosynthesis of anthocyanin,
responses to soil stresses and responses to auxin and
cytokinin hormones.
Length = 74
Score = 28.0 bits (63), Expect = 2.5
Identities = 16/46 (34%), Positives = 26/46 (56%), Gaps = 3/46 (6%)
Query: 123 PFCCKVRAFLDYYGVSYDIVEVNAVLRQQIKWSS---YKKVPILLV 165
PF +VR L GV Y+ VE + + ++ +S +KK+P+LL
Sbjct: 10 PFVLRVRIALALKGVPYEYVEEDLGNKSELLLASNPVHKKIPVLLH 55
>gnl|CDD|238432 cd00852, NifB, NifB belongs to a family of iron-molybdenum
cluster-binding proteins that includes NifX, and NifY,
all of which are involved in the synthesis of an
iron-molybdenum cofactor (FeMo-co) that binds the active
site of the dinitrogenase enzyme as part of nitrogen
fixation in bacteria. This domain is sometimes found
fused to a N-terminal domain (the Radical SAM domain) in
nifB-like proteins.
Length = 106
Score = 28.7 bits (65), Expect = 2.7
Identities = 14/58 (24%), Positives = 26/58 (44%), Gaps = 2/58 (3%)
Query: 355 LYDECNQWVKTIEKRENGPFFGGQKPNLADLAVYGVLSSIEGCEAFKDLMAKSKIKPW 412
+Y+ VK +E R+ P+ GG + + ++ + C+A L AK +P
Sbjct: 24 IYEVSGSGVKFVEHRKVDPYCGGGDCGDEEDRLDAIIKLLSDCDAV--LCAKIGDEPK 79
>gnl|CDD|218956 pfam06248, Zw10, Centromere/kinetochore Zw10. Zw10 and rough deal
proteins are both required for correct metaphase
check-pointing during mitosis. These proteins bind to
the centromere/kinetochore.
Length = 593
Score = 30.4 bits (69), Expect = 3.0
Identities = 22/139 (15%), Positives = 39/139 (28%), Gaps = 21/139 (15%)
Query: 75 LESFPEGIKVSRKVCTKLLLCTLE---NMFQVVV-----PEDTTGLKI---TLFQYPTCP 123
L S E T L L E + V+ E LK L + P
Sbjct: 182 LPSSKELGSAQNTKKTTLHLSKDESQGELSSVLQALAVLGELEYKLKKFCQFLLKNVFEP 241
Query: 124 FCCKVRAFLDYYGVSYDIVEVNAVLRQQIKWSSYKKVPILLVKVPNGYQQMNDSSMIVSC 183
K + V++ L + K + + V + ++ +++
Sbjct: 242 LIVKPVLVVCVEDQKDGTVQI--TLSYESKTTKLLRPDPKKV-----FSKIR---LVLKT 291
Query: 184 LASYLSDTSVQLEEVASYF 202
L+ L SV +
Sbjct: 292 LSKMLLSVSVDDCSLFEIL 310
>gnl|CDD|220426 pfam09823, DUF2357, Domain of unknown function (DUF2357). This
entry was previously the N terminal portion of DUF524
(pfam04411) before it was split into two. This domain
has no known function. It is predicted to adopt an all
beta secondary structure pattern followed by mainly
alpha-helical structures.
Length = 246
Score = 30.0 bits (68), Expect = 3.0
Identities = 9/37 (24%), Positives = 16/37 (43%)
Query: 339 KRLKKRHNLKEEVRESLYDECNQWVKTIEKRENGPFF 375
LK+R K + +E + + +E+ PFF
Sbjct: 181 SDLKERLPEKSRTELAFLEELKEMQRQLERLLRHPFF 217
>gnl|CDD|239336 cd03038, GST_N_etherase_LigE, GST_N family, Beta etherase LigE
subfamily; composed of proteins similar to Sphingomonas
paucimobilis beta etherase, LigE, a GST-like protein
that catalyzes the cleavage of the beta-aryl ether
linkages present in low-moleculer weight lignins using
GSH as the hydrogen donor. This reaction is an essential
step in the degradation of lignin, a complex phenolic
polymer that is the most abundant aromatic material in
the biosphere. The beta etherase activity of LigE is
enantioselective and it complements the activity of the
other GST family beta etherase, LigF.
Length = 84
Score = 28.1 bits (63), Expect = 3.1
Identities = 20/89 (22%), Positives = 32/89 (35%), Gaps = 18/89 (20%)
Query: 114 ITLFQ-------YPTCPFCCKVRAFLDYYGVSYDIVEVN----AVLRQQIKWSSYKKVPI 162
ITL+ P K R L++ G+ Y V V + ++ + VP+
Sbjct: 1 ITLYDLAGKDPVRAFSPNVWKTRLALNHKGLEYKTVPVEFPDIPPILGELTSGGFYTVPV 60
Query: 163 LLVKVPNGYQQMNDSSMIVSCLASYLSDT 191
+V + DS I A YL +
Sbjct: 61 -IVDGSGEV--IGDSFAI----AEYLEEA 82
>gnl|CDD|239330 cd03032, ArsC_Spx, Arsenate Reductase (ArsC) family, Spx subfamily;
Spx is a unique RNA polymerase (RNAP)-binding protein
present in bacilli and some mollicutes. It inhibits
transcription by binding to the C-terminal domain of the
alpha subunit of RNAP, disrupting complex formation
between RNAP and certain transcriptional activator
proteins like ResD and ComA. In response to oxidative
stress, Spx can also activate transcription, making it a
general regulator that exerts both positive and negative
control over transcription initiation. Spx has been
shown to exert redox-sensitive transcriptional control
over genes like trxA (TRX) and trxB (TRX reductase),
genes that function in thiol homeostasis. This
redox-sensitive activity is dependent on the presence of
a CXXC motif, present in some members of the Spx
subfamily, that acts as a thiol/disulfide switch. Spx
has also been shown to repress genes in a
sulfate-dependent manner independent of the presence of
the CXXC motif.
Length = 115
Score = 28.7 bits (65), Expect = 3.2
Identities = 9/33 (27%), Positives = 17/33 (51%), Gaps = 2/33 (6%)
Query: 113 KITLFQYPTCPFCCKVRAFLDYYGVSYDIVEVN 145
I L+ P+C C K + +L+ + + + E N
Sbjct: 1 MIKLYTSPSCSSCRKAKQWLEEHQIPF--EERN 31
Score = 28.7 bits (65), Expect = 3.2
Identities = 9/33 (27%), Positives = 17/33 (51%), Gaps = 2/33 (6%)
Query: 549 KITLFQYPTCPFCCKVRAFLDYYGVSYDIVEVN 581
I L+ P+C C K + +L+ + + + E N
Sbjct: 1 MIKLYTSPSCSSCRKAKQWLEEHQIPF--EERN 31
>gnl|CDD|239352 cd03054, GST_N_Metaxin, GST_N family, Metaxin subfamily; composed
of metaxins and related proteins. Metaxin 1 is a
component of a preprotein import complex of the
mitochondrial outer membrane. It extends to the cytosol
and is anchored to the mitochondrial membrane through
its C-terminal domain. In mice, metaxin is required for
embryonic development. In humans, alterations in the
metaxin gene may be associated with Gaucher disease.
Metaxin 2 binds to metaxin 1 and may also play a role in
protein translocation into the mitochondria. Genome
sequencing shows that a third metaxin gene also exists
in zebrafish, Xenopus, chicken and mammals. Sequence
analysis suggests that all three metaxins share a common
ancestry and that they possess similarity to GSTs. Also
included in the subfamily are uncharacterized proteins
with similarity to metaxins, including a novel GST from
Rhodococcus with toluene o-monooxygenase and
glutamylcysteine synthetase activities.
Length = 72
Score = 27.6 bits (62), Expect = 3.2
Identities = 18/75 (24%), Positives = 32/75 (42%), Gaps = 16/75 (21%)
Query: 114 ITLFQYPT-------CPFCCKVRAFLDYYGVSYDIVEVNAVLRQQIKWSSYKKVPILLVK 166
+ L+Q+ P C KV +L G+ Y++V + R S K+P L +
Sbjct: 1 LELYQWGRAFGLPSLSPECLKVETYLRMAGIPYEVVFSSNPWR-----SPTGKLPFLEL- 54
Query: 167 VPNGYQQMNDSSMIV 181
+++ DS I+
Sbjct: 55 ---NGEKIADSEKII 66
>gnl|CDD|226919 COG4545, COG4545, Glutaredoxin-related protein [Posttranslational
modification, protein turnover, chaperones].
Length = 85
Score = 27.8 bits (62), Expect = 3.7
Identities = 12/32 (37%), Positives = 15/32 (46%)
Query: 113 KITLFQYPTCPFCCKVRAFLDYYGVSYDIVEV 144
K LF CP C +L+ V YD VE+
Sbjct: 3 KPKLFGSNLCPDCAPAVEYLERLNVDYDFVEI 34
Score = 27.8 bits (62), Expect = 3.7
Identities = 12/32 (37%), Positives = 15/32 (46%)
Query: 549 KITLFQYPTCPFCCKVRAFLDYYGVSYDIVEV 580
K LF CP C +L+ V YD VE+
Sbjct: 3 KPKLFGSNLCPDCAPAVEYLERLNVDYDFVEI 34
>gnl|CDD|176854 cd07812, SRPBCC, START/RHO_alpha_C/PITP/Bet_v1/CoxG/CalC (SRPBCC)
ligand-binding domain superfamily. SRPBCC domains have
a deep hydrophobic ligand-binding pocket; they bind
diverse ligands. Included in this superfamily are the
steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR)-related
lipid transfer (START) domains of mammalian
STARD1-STARD15, and the C-terminal catalytic domains of
the alpha oxygenase subunit of Rieske-type non-heme iron
aromatic ring-hydroxylating oxygenases (RHOs_alpha_C),
as well as the SRPBCC domains of phosphatidylinositol
transfer proteins (PITPs), Bet v 1 (the major pollen
allergen of white birch, Betula verrucosa), CoxG, CalC,
and related proteins. Other members of this superfamily
include PYR/PYL/RCAR plant proteins, the
aromatase/cyclase (ARO/CYC) domains of proteins such as
Streptomyces glaucescens tetracenomycin, and the SRPBCC
domains of Streptococcus mutans Smu.440 and related
proteins.
Length = 141
Score = 28.8 bits (64), Expect = 3.7
Identities = 11/64 (17%), Positives = 22/64 (34%)
Query: 300 RAYAFVKNLDTVGEWDKHFSKWERLLMVYVGAYAMYYISKRLKKRHNLKEEVRESLYDEC 359
+ + + + EW + E L G A + ++ +R L EV E
Sbjct: 13 AVWDLLSDPERWPEWSPGLERVEVLGGGEGGVGARFVGGRKGGRRLTLTSEVTEVDPPRP 72
Query: 360 NQWV 363
++
Sbjct: 73 GRFR 76
>gnl|CDD|198322 cd10289, GST_C_AaRS_like, Glutathione S-transferase
C-terminal-like, alpha helical domain of various
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases and similar domains.
Glutathione S-transferase (GST) C-terminal domain
family, Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase (AaRS)-like subfamily;
This model characterizes the GST_C-like domain found in
the N-terminal region of some eukaryotic AaRSs, as well
as similar domains found in proteins involved in protein
synthesis including Aminoacyl tRNA synthetase
complex-Interacting Multifunctional Protein 2 (AIMP2),
AIMP3, and eukaryotic translation Elongation Factor 1
beta (eEF1b). AaRSs comprise a family of enzymes that
catalyze the coupling of amino acids with their matching
tRNAs. This involves the formation of an aminoacyl
adenylate using ATP, followed by the transfer of the
activated amino acid to the 3'-adenosine moiety of the
tRNA. AaRSs may also be involved in translational and
transcriptional regulation, as well as in tRNA
processing. AaRSs in this subfamily include GluRS from
lower eukaryotes, as well as GluProRS, MetRS, and CysRS
from higher eukaryotes. AIMPs are non-enzymatic
cofactors that play critical roles in the assembly and
formation of a macromolecular multi-tRNA synthetase
protein complex found in higher eukaryotes. The
GST_C-like domain is involved in protein-protein
interactions, mediating the formation of aaRS complexes
such as the MetRS-Arc1p-GluRS ternary complex in lower
eukaryotes and the multi-aaRS complex in higher
eukaryotes, that act as molecular hubs for protein
synthesis. AaRSs from prokaryotes, which are active as
dimers, do not contain this GST_C-like domain.
Length = 82
Score = 27.7 bits (62), Expect = 3.9
Identities = 9/30 (30%), Positives = 13/30 (43%)
Query: 374 FFGGQKPNLADLAVYGVLSSIEGCEAFKDL 403
F G LAD+AV+ L + K+
Sbjct: 37 FLVGYSLTLADVAVFSALYPSGQKLSDKEK 66
>gnl|CDD|236537 PRK09481, sspA, stringent starvation protein A; Provisional.
Length = 211
Score = 29.3 bits (66), Expect = 4.2
Identities = 19/53 (35%), Positives = 29/53 (54%), Gaps = 2/53 (3%)
Query: 114 ITLFQYPTCPFCCKVRAFLDYYGVSYDI--VEVNAVLRQQIKWSSYKKVPILL 164
+TLF PT + +VR L GVS +I VE + + + I + Y+ VP L+
Sbjct: 11 MTLFSGPTDIYSHQVRIVLAEKGVSVEIEQVEKDNLPQDLIDLNPYQSVPTLV 63
>gnl|CDD|212685 cd11735, HSPA12A_like_NBD, Nucleotide-binding domain of HSPA12A and
similar proteins. HSPA12A (also known as 70-kDa heat
shock protein-12A) belongs to the heat shock protein 70
(HSP70) family of chaperones that assist in protein
folding and assembly, and can direct incompetent
"client" proteins towards degradation. Typically, HSP70s
have a nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) and a
substrate-binding domain (SBD). The nucleotide sits in a
deep cleft formed between the two lobes of the NBD. The
two subdomains of each lobe change conformation between
ATP-bound, ADP-bound, and nucleotide-free states. ATP
binding opens up the substrate-binding site;
substrate-binding increases the rate of ATP hydrolysis.
HSP70 chaperone activity is regulated by various
co-chaperones: J-domain proteins and nucleotide exchange
factors (NEFs). No co-chaperones have yet been
identified for HSPA12A. The gene encoding HSPA12A maps
to 10q26.12, a cytogenetic region that might represent a
common susceptibility locus for both schizophrenia and
bipolar affective disorder; reduced expression of
HSPA12A has been shown in the prefrontal cortex of
subjects with schizophrenia. HSPA12A is also a candidate
gene for forelimb-girdle muscular anomaly, an autosomal
recessive disorder of Japanese black cattle. HSPA12A is
predominantly expressed in neuronal cells. It may play a
role in the atherosclerotic process.
Length = 467
Score = 30.0 bits (67), Expect = 4.4
Identities = 26/85 (30%), Positives = 36/85 (42%), Gaps = 16/85 (18%)
Query: 76 ESFPEGIKVSRKVCTKLLLCTLENMFQVVVPEDTTGLKITLFQYPTCPFCCKVRAFLDYY 135
E F E K+ R L+ E+ + P+ T L ITL PF +F+DYY
Sbjct: 309 EDFIEQFKIKRPAAWVDLMIAFESRKRAAAPDRTNPLNITL------PF-----SFIDYY 357
Query: 136 GVSYDIVEVNAVLRQQ----IKWSS 156
+ V LR+ +KWSS
Sbjct: 358 K-KFRGHSVEHALRKSNVDFVKWSS 381
>gnl|CDD|188046 TIGR00365, TIGR00365, monothiol glutaredoxin, Grx4 family. The
gene for the member of this glutaredoxin family in E.
coli, originally designated ydhD, is now designated
grxD. Its protein, Grx4, is a monothiol glutaredoxin
similar to Grx5 of yeast, which is involved in
iron-sulfur cluster formation [Energy metabolism,
Electron transport].
Length = 97
Score = 27.8 bits (63), Expect = 4.8
Identities = 19/62 (30%), Positives = 31/62 (50%), Gaps = 8/62 (12%)
Query: 113 KITLF-----QYPTCPFCCKVRAFLDYYGVSYDIVEV--NAVLRQQIK-WSSYKKVPILL 164
+ L+ Q+P C F + L+ GV + V V + +RQ IK +S++ +P L
Sbjct: 13 PVVLYMKGTPQFPQCGFSARAVQILNACGVPFAYVNVLEDPEIRQGIKEYSNWPTIPQLY 72
Query: 165 VK 166
VK
Sbjct: 73 VK 74
>gnl|CDD|198320 cd03211, GST_C_Metaxin2, C-terminal, alpha helical domain of
Metaxin 2. Glutathione S-transferase (GST) C-terminal
domain family, Metaxin subfamily, Metaxin 2; a metaxin 1
binding protein identified through a yeast two-hybrid
system using metaxin 1 as the bait. Metaxin 2 shares
sequence similarity with metaxin 1 but does not contain
a C-terminal mitochondrial outer membrane signal-anchor
domain. It associates with mitochondrial membranes
through its interaction with metaxin 1, which is a
component of the mitochondrial preprotein import complex
of the outer membrane. The biological function of
metaxin 2 is unknown. It is likely that it also plays a
role in protein translocation into the mitochondria.
However, this has not been experimentally validated. In
a recent proteomics study, it has been shown that
metaxin 2 is overexpressed in response to
lipopolysaccharide-induced liver injury.
Length = 126
Score = 28.0 bits (63), Expect = 5.9
Identities = 14/57 (24%), Positives = 25/57 (43%), Gaps = 1/57 (1%)
Query: 339 KRLKKRHNLKEEVRESLYDECNQWVKT-IEKRENGPFFGGQKPNLADLAVYGVLSSI 394
R K ++ + ++DE + + EK +F G +P D V+G L +I
Sbjct: 42 LRKLKALGWSDKSLDQVFDEVEKCCQALSEKLGTNQYFFGDQPTELDALVFGHLFTI 98
>gnl|CDD|202832 pfam03960, ArsC, ArsC family. This family is related to
glutaredoxins pfam00462.
Length = 109
Score = 27.5 bits (62), Expect = 7.0
Identities = 8/27 (29%), Positives = 15/27 (55%)
Query: 117 FQYPTCPFCCKVRAFLDYYGVSYDIVE 143
+ P C C K A+L+ +G+ Y ++
Sbjct: 1 YGSPNCDTCRKALAWLEEHGIEYQEID 27
Score = 27.5 bits (62), Expect = 7.0
Identities = 8/27 (29%), Positives = 15/27 (55%)
Query: 553 FQYPTCPFCCKVRAFLDYYGVSYDIVE 579
+ P C C K A+L+ +G+ Y ++
Sbjct: 1 YGSPNCDTCRKALAWLEEHGIEYQEID 27
>gnl|CDD|165343 PHA03050, PHA03050, glutaredoxin; Provisional.
Length = 108
Score = 27.3 bits (60), Expect = 8.2
Identities = 14/48 (29%), Positives = 24/48 (50%), Gaps = 3/48 (6%)
Query: 100 MFQVVVPEDTTGLKITLFQYPTCPFCCKVRAFLDYYGV---SYDIVEV 144
M + V + K+T+F TCPFC L+ + +Y+IV++
Sbjct: 1 MAEEFVQQRLANNKVTIFVKFTCPFCRNALDILNKFSFKRGAYEIVDI 48
Database: CDD.v3.10
Posted date: Mar 20, 2013 7:55 AM
Number of letters in database: 10,937,602
Number of sequences in database: 44,354
Lambda K H
0.322 0.137 0.419
Gapped
Lambda K H
0.267 0.0795 0.140
Matrix: BLOSUM62
Gap Penalties: Existence: 11, Extension: 1
Number of Sequences: 44354
Number of Hits to DB: 30,279,485
Number of extensions: 2975602
Number of successful extensions: 3042
Number of sequences better than 10.0: 1
Number of HSP's gapped: 3036
Number of HSP's successfully gapped: 110
Length of query: 586
Length of database: 10,937,602
Length adjustment: 102
Effective length of query: 484
Effective length of database: 6,413,494
Effective search space: 3104131096
Effective search space used: 3104131096
Neighboring words threshold: 11
Window for multiple hits: 40
X1: 16 ( 7.4 bits)
X2: 38 (14.6 bits)
X3: 64 (24.7 bits)
S1: 41 (21.9 bits)
S2: 62 (27.5 bits)