RPS-BLAST 2.2.26 [Sep-21-2011]
Database: CDD.v3.10
44,354 sequences; 10,937,602 total letters
Searching..................................................done
Query= psy3118
(227 letters)
>gnl|CDD|215690 pfam00069, Pkinase, Protein kinase domain.
Length = 260
Score = 68.0 bits (167), Expect = 9e-14
Identities = 31/110 (28%), Positives = 51/110 (46%), Gaps = 9/110 (8%)
Query: 9 YRLGRKIGSGSFGDIYLGTNISTGEEVAIKLECIKTRHPQLHI----ESKIYKLMQGGVG 64
Y L RK+GSGSFG +Y + TG+ VA+K+ ++ + E +I + +
Sbjct: 1 YELLRKLGSGSFGTVYKAKHKGTGKIVAVKILKKRSEKSKKDQTARREIRILRRLSHPNI 60
Query: 65 IPQIKWCGSEGDYNVMVMELLGPSLEDLFNFCSR--RFSLKTVLLLADQL 112
+ I + D+ +VME DLF++ SR S +A Q+
Sbjct: 61 VRLIDAFE-DKDHLYLVMEYCEGG--DLFDYLSRGGPLSEDEAKKIALQI 107
Score = 41.1 bits (97), Expect = 2e-04
Identities = 20/94 (21%), Positives = 38/94 (40%), Gaps = 9/94 (9%)
Query: 131 GTNISTGEEVAIKLECIKTRHPQLHI----ESKIYKLMQGGVGIPQIKWCGSEGDYNVMV 186
+ TG+ VA+K+ ++ + E +I + + + I + D+ +V
Sbjct: 18 AKHKGTGKIVAVKILKKRSEKSKKDQTARREIRILRRLSHPNIVRLIDAFE-DKDHLYLV 76
Query: 187 MELLGPSLEDLFNFCSR--RFSLKTVLLLADQLF 218
ME DLF++ SR S +A Q+
Sbjct: 77 MEYCEGG--DLFDYLSRGGPLSEDEAKKIALQIL 108
>gnl|CDD|173623 cd00180, PKc, Catalytic domain of Protein Kinases. Protein Kinases
(PKs), catalytic (c) domain. PKs catalyze the transfer
of the gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to
serine/threonine or tyrosine residues on protein
substrates. The PK family is part of a larger
superfamily that includes the catalytic domains of RIO
kinases, aminoglycoside phosphotransferase, choline
kinase, phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), and
actin-fragmin kinase. PKs make up a large family of
serine/threonine kinases, protein tyrosine kinases
(PTKs), and dual-specificity PKs that phosphorylate both
serine/threonine and tyrosine residues of target
proteins. Majority of protein phosphorylation, about
95%, occurs on serine residues while only 1% occurs on
tyrosine residues. Protein phosphorylation is a
mechanism by which a wide variety of cellular proteins,
such as enzymes and membrane channels, are reversibly
regulated in response to certain stimuli. PKs often
function as components of signal transduction pathways
in which one kinase activates a second kinase, which in
turn, may act on other kinases; this sequential action
transmits a signal from the cell surface to target
proteins, which results in cellular responses. The PK
family is one of the largest known protein families with
more than 100 homologous yeast enzymes and 550 human
proteins. A fraction of PK family members are
pseudokinases that lack crucial residues for catalytic
activity. The mutiplicity of kinases allows for specific
regulation according to substrate, tissue distribution,
and cellular localization. PKs regulate many cellular
processes including proliferation, division,
differentiation, motility, survival, metabolism,
cell-cycle progression, cytoskeletal rearrangement,
immunity, and neuronal functions. Many kinases are
implicated in the development of various human diseases
including different types of cancer.
Length = 215
Score = 56.1 bits (136), Expect = 9e-10
Identities = 28/102 (27%), Positives = 49/102 (48%), Gaps = 5/102 (4%)
Query: 15 IGSGSFGDIYLGTNISTGEEVAIKLECIKTRHP---QLHIESKIYKLMQGGVGIPQIKWC 71
+G G FG +YL + TG++VAIK+ + +L E +I K + I ++
Sbjct: 1 LGEGGFGTVYLARDKKTGKKVAIKIIKKEDSSSLLEELLREIEILKKLN-HPNIVKLYGV 59
Query: 72 GSEGDYNVMVMELL-GPSLEDLFNFCSRRFSLKTVLLLADQL 112
+ ++ +VME G SL+DL + S +L + Q+
Sbjct: 60 FEDENHLYLVMEYCEGGSLKDLLKENEGKLSEDEILRILLQI 101
Score = 38.0 bits (89), Expect = 0.002
Identities = 22/91 (24%), Positives = 41/91 (45%), Gaps = 5/91 (5%)
Query: 131 GTNISTGEEVAIKLECIKTRHP---QLHIESKIYKLMQGGVGIPQIKWCGSEGDYNVMVM 187
+ TG++VAIK+ + +L E +I K + I ++ + ++ +VM
Sbjct: 12 ARDKKTGKKVAIKIIKKEDSSSLLEELLREIEILKKLNH-PNIVKLYGVFEDENHLYLVM 70
Query: 188 ELL-GPSLEDLFNFCSRRFSLKTVLLLADQL 217
E G SL+DL + S +L + Q+
Sbjct: 71 EYCEGGSLKDLLKENEGKLSEDEILRILLQI 101
>gnl|CDD|223589 COG0515, SPS1, Serine/threonine protein kinase [General function
prediction only / Signal transduction mechanisms /
Transcription / DNA replication, recombination, and
repair].
Length = 384
Score = 53.6 bits (127), Expect = 2e-08
Identities = 32/113 (28%), Positives = 49/113 (43%), Gaps = 11/113 (9%)
Query: 8 KYRLGRKIGSGSFGDIYLGTNISTGEEVAIK-----LECIKTRHPQLHIESKIYKLMQGG 62
YR+ RK+G GSFG++YL + + VA+K LE + E +I +
Sbjct: 1 SYRILRKLGEGSFGEVYLARDR---KLVALKVLAKKLESKSKEVERFLREIQILASLNHP 57
Query: 63 VGIPQIKWCGSEGDYNVMVMELL-GPSLEDLFNFCSR--RFSLKTVLLLADQL 112
I ++ + +VME + G SLEDL R S L + Q+
Sbjct: 58 PNIVKLYDFFQDEGSLYLVMEYVDGGSLEDLLKKIGRKGPLSESEALFILAQI 110
>gnl|CDD|214567 smart00220, S_TKc, Serine/Threonine protein kinases, catalytic
domain. Phosphotransferases. Serine or
threonine-specific kinase subfamily.
Length = 254
Score = 52.1 bits (126), Expect = 3e-08
Identities = 33/108 (30%), Positives = 48/108 (44%), Gaps = 6/108 (5%)
Query: 9 YRLGRKIGSGSFGDIYLGTNISTGEEVAIK---LECIKTRHPQLHIESKIYKLMQGGVGI 65
Y + K+G GSFG +YL + TG+ VAIK + IK ++ E KI K ++ I
Sbjct: 1 YEILEKLGEGSFGKVYLARDKKTGKLVAIKVIKKKKIKKDRERILREIKILKKLK-HPNI 59
Query: 66 PQIKWCGSEGDYNVMVMELL-GPSLEDLFNFCSRRFSLKTVLLLADQL 112
++ + D +VME G L DL R S Q+
Sbjct: 60 VRLYDVFEDEDKLYLVMEYCEGGDLFDLLKKR-GRLSEDEARFYLRQI 106
Score = 27.5 bits (62), Expect = 5.3
Identities = 24/93 (25%), Positives = 36/93 (38%), Gaps = 6/93 (6%)
Query: 131 GTNISTGEEVAIK---LECIKTRHPQLHIESKIYKLMQGGVGIPQIKWCGSEGDYNVMVM 187
+ TG+ VAIK + IK ++ E KI K ++ I ++ + D +VM
Sbjct: 18 ARDKKTGKLVAIKVIKKKKIKKDRERILREIKILKKLK-HPNIVRLYDVFEDEDKLYLVM 76
Query: 188 ELL-GPSLEDLFNFCSRRFSLKTVLLLADQLFL 219
E G L DL R S Q+
Sbjct: 77 EYCEGGDLFDLLKKR-GRLSEDEARFYLRQILS 108
>gnl|CDD|173736 cd07832, STKc_CCRK, Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine
Kinase, Cell Cycle-Related Kinase. Serine/Threonine
Kinases (STKs), Cell Cycle-Related Kinase (CCRK) p42
subfamily, catalytic (c) domain. STKs catalyze the
transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to
serine/threonine residues on protein substrates. The
CCRK subfamily is part of a larger superfamily that
includes the catalytic domains of other protein STKs,
protein tyrosine kinases, RIO kinases, aminoglycoside
phosphotransferase, choline kinase, and phosphoinositide
3-kinase. CCRK was previously called p42. It is a
Cyclin-Dependent Kinase (CDK)-Activating Kinase (CAK)
which is essential for the activation of CDK2. It is
indispensable for cell growth and has been implicated in
the progression of glioblastoma multiforme. In the
heart, a splice variant of CCRK with a different
C-terminal half is expressed, this variant promotes
cardiac cell growth and survival and is significantly
down-regulated during the development of heart failure.
Length = 286
Score = 50.7 bits (122), Expect = 1e-07
Identities = 24/109 (22%), Positives = 43/109 (39%), Gaps = 5/109 (4%)
Query: 8 KYRLGRKIGSGSFGDIYLGTNISTGEEVAIKLECIKTRH----PQLHIESKIYKLMQGGV 63
+Y++ +IG G+ G ++ + TGE VA+K ++ Q E K + Q
Sbjct: 1 RYKILGRIGEGAHGIVFKAKDRETGETVALKKVALRRLEGGIPNQALREIKALQACQHP- 59
Query: 64 GIPQIKWCGSEGDYNVMVMELLGPSLEDLFNFCSRRFSLKTVLLLADQL 112
+ ++ G V+VME + L ++ R V L
Sbjct: 60 YVVKLLDVFPHGSGFVLVMEYMPSDLSEVLRDEERPLPEAQVKSYMRML 108
Score = 34.2 bits (79), Expect = 0.037
Identities = 21/105 (20%), Positives = 36/105 (34%), Gaps = 5/105 (4%)
Query: 118 GIIDQEQKSVMVVGTNISTGEEVAIKLECIKTRH----PQLHIESKIYKLMQGGVGIPQI 173
G I + ++ + TGE VA+K ++ Q E K + Q + ++
Sbjct: 6 GRIGEGAHGIVFKAKDRETGETVALKKVALRRLEGGIPNQALREIKALQACQHP-YVVKL 64
Query: 174 KWCGSEGDYNVMVMELLGPSLEDLFNFCSRRFSLKTVLLLADQLF 218
G V+VME + L ++ R V L
Sbjct: 65 LDVFPHGSGFVLVMEYMPSDLSEVLRDEERPLPEAQVKSYMRMLL 109
>gnl|CDD|173724 cd06606, STKc_MAPKKK, Catalytic domain of the Protein
Serine/Threonine Kinase, Mitogen-Activated Protein
Kinase Kinase Kinase. Serine/threonine kinases (STKs),
mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) kinase kinase
(MAPKKK) subfamily, catalytic (c) domain. STKs catalyze
the transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to
serine/threonine residues on protein substrates. The
MAPKKK subfamily is part of a larger superfamily that
includes the catalytic domains of other protein STKs,
protein tyrosine kinases, RIO kinases, aminoglycoside
phosphotransferase, choline kinase, and
phosphoinositide 3-kinase. MAPKKKs (MKKKs or MAP3Ks)
are also called MAP/ERK kinase kinases (MEKKs) in some
cases. They phosphorylate and activate MAPK kinases
(MAPKKs or MKKs or MAP2Ks), which in turn phosphorylate
and activate MAPKs during signaling cascades that are
important in mediating cellular responses to
extracellular signals. This subfamily is composed of
the Apoptosis Signal-regulating Kinases ASK1 (or
MAPKKK5) and ASK2 (or MAPKKK6), MEKK1, MEKK2, MEKK3,
MEKK4, as well as plant and fungal MAPKKKs. Also
included in this subfamily are the cell division
control proteins Schizosaccharomyces pombe Cdc7 and
Saccharomyces cerevisiae Cdc15.
Length = 260
Score = 49.1 bits (118), Expect = 4e-07
Identities = 13/31 (41%), Positives = 20/31 (64%)
Query: 8 KYRLGRKIGSGSFGDIYLGTNISTGEEVAIK 38
++ G +G GSFG +YL + TGE +A+K
Sbjct: 1 EWTRGELLGRGSFGSVYLALDKDTGELMAVK 31
>gnl|CDD|173659 cd05122, PKc_STE, Catalytic domain of STE family Protein Kinases.
Protein Kinases (PKs), STE family, catalytic (c) domain.
PKs catalyze the transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group
from ATP to serine/threonine or tyrosine residues on
protein substrates. The STE family is part of a larger
superfamily that includes the catalytic domains of other
protein serine/threonine kinases (STKs), protein
tyrosine kinases (PTKs), RIO kinases, aminoglycoside
phosphotransferase, choline kinase, and phosphoinositide
3-kinase (PI3K). This family is composed of STKs, and
some dual-specificity PKs that phosphorylate both
threonine and tyrosine residues of target proteins. Most
members are kinases involved in mitogen-activated
protein kinase (MAPK) signaling cascades, acting as MAPK
kinases (MAPKKs), MAPK kinase kinases (MAPKKKs), or MAPK
kinase kinase kinases (MAP4Ks). The MAPK signaling
pathways are important mediators of cellular responses
to extracellular signals. The pathways involve a triple
kinase core cascade comprising of the MAPK, which is
phosphorylated and activated by a MAPKK, which itself is
phosphorylated and activated by a MAPKKK. Each MAPK
cascade is activated either by a small GTP-binding
protein or by an adaptor protein, which transmits the
signal either directly to a MAPKKK to start the triple
kinase core cascade or indirectly through a mediator
kinase, a MAP4K. Other STE family members include
p21-activated kinases (PAKs) and class III myosins,
among others. PAKs are Rho family GTPase-regulated
kinases that serve as important mediators in the
function of Cdc42 (cell division cycle 42) and Rac.
Class III myosins are motor proteins containing an
N-terminal kinase catalytic domain and a C-terminal
actin-binding domain, which can phosphorylate several
cytoskeletal proteins, conventional myosin regulatory
light chains, as well as autophosphorylate the
C-terminal motor domain. They play an important role in
maintaining the structural integrity of photoreceptor
cell microvilli.
Length = 253
Score = 48.7 bits (117), Expect = 5e-07
Identities = 29/108 (26%), Positives = 50/108 (46%), Gaps = 18/108 (16%)
Query: 8 KYRLGRKIGSGSFGDIYLGTNISTGEEVAIKLECIKTRHPQLHIESKIYKLMQGGVGIPQ 67
+ + KIG G FG++Y + TG+EVAIK+ IK + + + + I +
Sbjct: 1 LFEILEKIGKGGFGEVYKARHKRTGKEVAIKV--IKLE------SKEKKEKIINEIQILK 52
Query: 68 -------IKWCGS--EGDYNVMVMELL-GPSLEDLFNFCSRRFSLKTV 105
+K+ GS + D +VME G SL+DL ++ + +
Sbjct: 53 KCKHPNIVKYYGSYLKKDELWIVMEFCSGGSLKDLLKSTNQTLTESQI 100
>gnl|CDD|173734 cd07830, STKc_MAK_like, Catalytic domain of Male germ
cell-Associated Kinase-like Serine/Threonine Kinases.
Serine/Threonine Kinases (STKs), Male germ
cell-Associated Kinase (MAK)-like subfamily, catalytic
(c) domain. STKs catalyze the transfer of the
gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to serine/threonine
residues on protein substrates. The MAK-like subfamily
is part of a larger superfamily that includes the
catalytic domains of other protein STKs, protein
tyrosine kinases, RIO kinases, aminoglycoside
phosphotransferase, choline kinase, and
phosphoinositide 3-kinase. This subfamily is composed
of human MAK and MAK-related kinase (MRK),
Saccharomyces cerevisiae Ime2p, Schizosaccharomyces
pombe Mei4-dependent protein 3 (Mde3) and Pit1,
Caenorhabditis elegans dyf-5, Arabidopsis thaliana MHK,
and similar proteins. These proteins play important
roles during meiosis. MAK is highly expressed in
testicular cells specifically in the meiotic phase, but
is not essential for spermatogenesis and fertility. It
functions as a coactivator of the androgen receptor in
prostate cells. MRK, also called Intestinal Cell Kinase
(ICK), is expressed ubiquitously, with highest
expression in the ovary and uterus. A missense mutation
in MRK causes endocrine-cerebro-osteodysplasia (ECO),
suggesting that this protein plays an important role in
the development of many organs. MAK and MRK may be
involved in regulating cell cycle and cell fate. Ime2p
is a meiosis-specific kinase that is important during
meiotic initiation and during the later stages of
meiosis. Mde3 functions downstream of the transcription
factor Mei-4 which is essential for meiotic prophase I.
Length = 283
Score = 46.4 bits (111), Expect = 3e-06
Identities = 15/30 (50%), Positives = 22/30 (73%)
Query: 9 YRLGRKIGSGSFGDIYLGTNISTGEEVAIK 38
Y++ +++G G+FG +YL N TGE VAIK
Sbjct: 1 YKVIKQLGDGTFGSVYLARNKETGELVAIK 30
>gnl|CDD|132940 cd06609, STKc_MST3_like, Catalytic domain of Mammalian Ste20-like
protein kinase 3-like Protein Serine/Threonine Kinases.
Serine/threonine kinases (STKs), mammalian Ste20-like
protein kinase 3 (MST3)-like subfamily, catalytic (c)
domain. STKs catalyze the transfer of the
gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to serine/threonine
residues on protein substrates. The MST3-like subfamily
is part of a larger superfamily that includes the
catalytic domains of other protein STKs, protein
tyrosine kinases, RIO kinases, aminoglycoside
phosphotransferase, choline kinase, and
phosphoinositide 3-kinase. This subfamily is composed
of MST3, MST4, STK25, Schizosaccharomyces pombe Nak1
and Sid1, Saccharomyces cerevisiae sporulation-specific
protein 1 (SPS1), and related proteins. Nak1 is
required by fission yeast for polarizing the tips of
actin cytoskeleton and is involved in cell growth, cell
separation, cell morphology and cell-cycle progression.
Sid1 is a component in the septation initiation network
(SIN) signaling pathway, and plays a role in
cytokinesis. SPS1 plays a role in regulating proteins
required for spore wall formation. MST4 plays a role in
mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling
during cytoskeletal rearrangement, morphogenesis, and
apoptosis. MST3 phosphorylates the STK NDR and may play
a role in cell cycle progression and cell morphology.
STK25 may play a role in the regulation of cell
migration and polarization.
Length = 274
Score = 46.5 bits (111), Expect = 3e-06
Identities = 13/32 (40%), Positives = 18/32 (56%)
Query: 7 NKYRLGRKIGSGSFGDIYLGTNISTGEEVAIK 38
+ L IG GSFG++Y + T + VAIK
Sbjct: 1 ELFTLLECIGKGSFGEVYKAIDKRTNQVVAIK 32
>gnl|CDD|173728 cd06614, STKc_PAK, Catalytic domain of the Protein Serine/Threonine
Kinase, p21-activated kinase. Serine/threonine kinases
(STKs), p21-activated kinase (PAK) subfamily, catalytic
(c) domain. STKs catalyze the transfer of the
gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to serine/threonine
residues on protein substrates. The PAK subfamily is
part of a larger superfamily that includes the catalytic
domains of other protein STKs, protein tyrosine kinases,
RIO kinases, aminoglycoside phosphotransferase, choline
kinase, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase. PAKs are Rho
family GTPase-regulated kinases that serve as important
mediators in the function of Cdc42 (cell division cycle
42) and Rac. PAKs are implicated in the regulation of
many cellular processes including growth factor
receptor-mediated proliferation, cell polarity, cell
motility, cell death and survival, and actin
cytoskeleton organization. PAK deregulation is
associated with tumor development. PAKs from higher
eukaryotes are classified into two groups (I and II),
according to their biochemical and structural features.
Group I PAKs contain a PBD (p21-binding domain)
overlapping with an AID (autoinhibitory domain), a
C-terminal catalytic domain, SH3 binding sites and a
non-classical SH3 binding site for PIX (PAK-interacting
exchange factor). Group II PAKs contain a PBD and a
catalytic domain, but lack other motifs found in group I
PAKs. Since group II PAKs do not contain an obvious AID,
they may be regulated differently from group I PAKs.
Group I PAKs interact with the SH3 containing proteins
Nck, Grb2 and PIX; no such binding has been demonstrated
for group II PAKs.
Length = 286
Score = 44.1 bits (105), Expect = 2e-05
Identities = 28/105 (26%), Positives = 49/105 (46%), Gaps = 19/105 (18%)
Query: 7 NKYRLGRKIGSGSFGDIYLGTNISTGEEVAIKLECIKTRHPQLHIESKIYKLMQGGVGIP 66
Y+ KIG G+ G++Y T+ +TG+EVAIK ++ + + +L+ + I
Sbjct: 19 ELYKNLEKIGEGASGEVYKATDRATGKEVAIK---------KMRLRKQNKELIINEILIM 69
Query: 67 Q-------IKWCGS--EGDYNVMVMELL-GPSLEDLFNFCSRRFS 101
+ + + S GD +VME + G SL D+ R +
Sbjct: 70 KDCKHPNIVDYYDSYLVGDELWVVMEYMDGGSLTDIITQNFVRMN 114
Score = 27.9 bits (63), Expect = 4.3
Identities = 21/87 (24%), Positives = 38/87 (43%), Gaps = 19/87 (21%)
Query: 130 VGTNISTGEEVAIKLECIKTRHPQLHIESKIYKLMQGGVGIPQ-------IKWCGS--EG 180
T+ +TG+EVAIK ++ + + +L+ + I + + + S G
Sbjct: 37 KATDRATGKEVAIK---------KMRLRKQNKELIINEILIMKDCKHPNIVDYYDSYLVG 87
Query: 181 DYNVMVMELL-GPSLEDLFNFCSRRFS 206
D +VME + G SL D+ R +
Sbjct: 88 DELWVVMEYMDGGSLTDIITQNFVRMN 114
>gnl|CDD|173672 cd05581, STKc_PDK1, Catalytic domain of the Protein
Serine/Threonine Kinase, Phosphoinositide-dependent
kinase 1. Serine/Threonine Kinases (STKs),
Phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1 (PDK1) subfamily,
catalytic (c) domain. STKs catalyze the transfer of the
gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to serine/threonine
residues on protein substrates. The PDK1 subfamily is
part of a larger superfamily that includes the
catalytic domains of other protein STKs, protein
tyrosine kinases, RIO kinases, aminoglycoside
phosphotransferase, choline kinase, and
phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). PDK1 carries an
N-terminal catalytic domain and a C-terminal pleckstrin
homology (PH) domain that binds phosphoinositides. It
phosphorylates the activation loop of AGC kinases that
are regulated by PI3K such as PKB, SGK, and PKC, among
others, and is crucial for their activation. Thus, it
contributes in regulating many processes including
metabolism, growth, proliferation, and survival. PDK1
also has the ability to autophosphorylate and is
constitutively active in mammalian cells. PDK1 is
essential for normal embryo development and is
important in regulating cell volume.
Length = 280
Score = 42.2 bits (100), Expect = 8e-05
Identities = 12/32 (37%), Positives = 18/32 (56%)
Query: 7 NKYRLGRKIGSGSFGDIYLGTNISTGEEVAIK 38
+ ++ G+ IG GSF + L T +E AIK
Sbjct: 1 DDFKFGKIIGEGSFSTVVLAKEKETNKEYAIK 32
>gnl|CDD|173731 cd06627, STKc_Cdc7_like, Catalytic domain of Cell division
control protein 7-like Protein Serine/Threonine
Kinases. Serine/threonine kinases (STKs), (Cdc7)-like
subfamily, catalytic (c) domain. STKs catalyze the
transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to
serine/threonine residues on protein substrates. The
Cdc7-like subfamily is part of a larger superfamily
that includes the catalytic domains of other protein
STKs, protein tyrosine kinases, RIO kinases,
aminoglycoside phosphotransferase, choline kinase, and
phosphoinositide 3-kinase. Members of this subfamily
include Schizosaccharomyces pombe Cdc7, Saccharomyces
cerevisiae Cdc15, Arabidopsis thaliana
mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) kinase kinase
(MAPKKK) epsilon, and related proteins. MAPKKKs
phosphorylate and activate MAPK kinases (MAPKKs or MKKs
or MAP2Ks), which in turn phosphorylate and activate
MAPKs during signaling cascades that are important in
mediating cellular responses to extracellular signals.
Fission yeast Cdc7 is essential for cell division by
playing a key role in the initiation of septum
formation and cytokinesis. Budding yeast Cdc15
functions to coordinate mitotic exit with cytokinesis.
Arabidopsis MAPKKK epsilon is required for pollen
development in the plasma membrane.
Length = 254
Score = 41.9 bits (99), Expect = 1e-04
Identities = 17/31 (54%), Positives = 22/31 (70%)
Query: 8 KYRLGRKIGSGSFGDIYLGTNISTGEEVAIK 38
Y+LG IG G+FG +Y G N+ TG+ VAIK
Sbjct: 1 NYQLGDLIGRGAFGVVYKGLNLETGDFVAIK 31
>gnl|CDD|173755 cd08215, STKc_Nek, Catalytic domain of the Protein
Serine/Threonine Kinase, Never In Mitosis gene
A-related kinase. Serine/Threonine Kinases (STKs),
Never In Mitosis gene A (NIMA)-related kinase (Nek)
family, catalytic (c) domain. STKs catalyze the
transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to
serine/threonine residues on protein substrates. The
Nek family is part of a larger superfamily that
includes the catalytic domains of other protein STKs,
protein tyrosine kinases, RIO kinases, aminoglycoside
phosphotransferase, choline kinase, and
phosphoinositide 3-kinase. The Nek family is composed
of 11 different mammalian members (Nek1-11) with
similarity to the catalytic domain of Aspergillus
nidulans NIMA kinase, the founding member of the Nek
family which was identified in a screen for cell cycle
mutants that were prevented from entering mitosis. Neks
contain a conserved N-terminal catalytic domain and a
more divergent C-terminal regulatory region of various
sizes and structures. They are involved in the
regulation of downstream processes following the
activation of Cdc2, and many of their functions are
cell cycle-related. They play critical roles in
microtubule dynamics during ciliogenesis and mitosis.
Length = 258
Score = 41.3 bits (98), Expect = 2e-04
Identities = 13/31 (41%), Positives = 19/31 (61%)
Query: 8 KYRLGRKIGSGSFGDIYLGTNISTGEEVAIK 38
KY + ++IG GSFG +YL S G+ +K
Sbjct: 1 KYEIIKQIGKGSFGKVYLVRRKSDGKLYVLK 31
>gnl|CDD|132957 cd06626, STKc_MEKK4, Catalytic domain of the Protein
Serine/Threonine Kinase, MAP/ERK kinase kinase 4.
Serine/threonine kinases (STKs), MAP/ERK kinase kinase
4 (MEKK4) subfamily, catalytic (c) domain. STKs
catalyze the transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group
from ATP to serine/threonine residues on protein
substrates. The MEKK4 subfamily is part of a larger
superfamily that includes the catalytic domains of
other protein STKs, protein tyrosine kinases, RIO
kinases, aminoglycoside phosphotransferase, choline
kinase, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase. MEKK4 is a
mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) kinase kinase
(MAPKKK or MKKK or MAP3K), that phosphorylates and
activates MAPK kinases (MAPKKs or MKKs or MAP2Ks),
which in turn phosphorylate and activate MAPKs during
signaling cascades that are important in mediating
cellular responses to extracellular signals. MEKK4
activates the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38
MAPK signaling pathways by directly activating their
respective MAPKKs, MKK4/MKK7 and MKK3/MKK6. JNK and p38
are collectively known as stress-activated MAPKs, as
they are activated in response to a variety of
environmental stresses and pro-inflammatory cytokines.
MEKK4 also plays roles in the re-polarization of the
actin cytoskeleton in response to osmotic stress, in
the proper closure of the neural tube, in
cardiovascular development, and in immune responses.
Length = 264
Score = 40.8 bits (96), Expect = 2e-04
Identities = 18/58 (31%), Positives = 33/58 (56%), Gaps = 8/58 (13%)
Query: 8 KYRLGRKIGSGSFGDIYLGTNISTGEEVAIKLECIKTR------HPQLHIESKIYKLM 59
+++ G KIG G+FG +Y N+ TGE +A+K I+ + ++ E K+ +L+
Sbjct: 1 RWQRGNKIGGGTFGKVYTAVNLDTGELMAVKE--IRIQDNDPKTIKEIADEMKVLELL 56
>gnl|CDD|132963 cd06632, STKc_MEKK1_plant, Catalytic domain of the Protein
Serine/Threonine Kinase, Plant MAP/ERK kinase kinase 1.
Serine/threonine kinases (STKs), plant MAP/ERK kinase
kinase 1 (MEKK1)-like subfamily, catalytic (c) domain.
STKs catalyze the transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl
group from ATP to serine/threonine residues on protein
substrates. The plant MEKK1 subfamily is part of a
larger superfamily that includes the catalytic domains
of other protein STKs, protein tyrosine kinases, RIO
kinases, aminoglycoside phosphotransferase, choline
kinase, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase. This subfamily
is composed of plant mitogen-activated protein kinase
(MAPK) kinase kinases (MAPKKKs or MKKKs or MAP3Ks)
including Arabidopsis thaliana MEKK1 and MAPKKK3. MEKK1
is a MAPKKK that phosphorylates and activates MAPK
kinases (MAPKKs or MKKs or MAP2Ks), which in turn
phosphorylate and activate MAPKs during signaling
cascades that are important in mediating cellular
responses to extracellular signals. Arabidopsis
thaliana MEKK1 activates MPK4, a MAPK that regulates
systemic acquired resistance. MEKK1 also participates
in the regulation of temperature-sensitive and
tissue-specific cell death.
Length = 258
Score = 40.5 bits (95), Expect = 3e-04
Identities = 14/35 (40%), Positives = 22/35 (62%)
Query: 8 KYRLGRKIGSGSFGDIYLGTNISTGEEVAIKLECI 42
++R G +GSGSFG +Y G N+ G+ A+K +
Sbjct: 1 RWRKGELLGSGSFGSVYEGLNLDDGDFFAVKEVSL 35
>gnl|CDD|173727 cd06613, STKc_MAP4K3_like, Catalytic domain of Mitogen-activated
protein kinase kinase kinase kinase-like Protein
Serine/Threonine Kinases. Serine/threonine kinases
(STKs), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) kinase
kinase kinase 3 (MAPKKKK3 or MAP4K3)-like subfamily,
catalytic (c) domain. STKs catalyze the transfer of the
gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to serine/threonine
residues on protein substrates. The MAP4K3-like
subfamily is part of a larger superfamily that includes
the catalytic domains of other protein STKs, protein
tyrosine kinases, RIO kinases, aminoglycoside
phosphotransferase, choline kinase, and
phosphoinositide 3-kinase. This subfamily includes
MAP4K3, MAP4K1, MAP4K2, MAP4K5, and related proteins.
Vertebrate members contain an N-terminal catalytic
domain and a C-terminal citron homology (CNH)
regulatory domain, similar to MAP4K4/6. MAP4Ks are
involved in some MAPK signaling pathways that are
important in mediating cellular responses to
extracellular signals by activating a MAPK kinase
kinase (MAPKKK or MAP3K or MKKK). Each MAPK cascade is
activated either by a small GTP-binding protein or by
an adaptor protein, which transmits the signal either
directly to a MAP3K to start the triple kinase core
cascade or indirectly through a mediator kinase, a
MAP4K. MAP4K1, also called haematopoietic progenitor
kinase 1 (HPK1), is a hematopoietic-specific STK
involved in many cellular signaling cascades including
MAPK, antigen receptor, apoptosis, growth factor, and
cytokine signaling. It participates in the regulation
of T cell receptor signaling and T cell-mediated immune
responses. MAP4K2 was referred to as germinal center
(GC) kinase because of its preferred location in GC B
cells. MAP4K3 plays a role in the nutrient-responsive
pathway of mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin)
signaling. It is required in the activation of S6
kinase by amino acids and for the phosphorylation of
the mTOR-regulated inhibitor of eukaryotic initiation
factor 4E. MAP4K5, also called germinal center
kinase-related enzyme (GCKR), has been shown to
activate the MAPK c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK).
Length = 262
Score = 39.6 bits (93), Expect = 6e-04
Identities = 17/32 (53%), Positives = 25/32 (78%)
Query: 8 KYRLGRKIGSGSFGDIYLGTNISTGEEVAIKL 39
Y L ++IGSG++GD+Y +I+TGE VAIK+
Sbjct: 4 DYELIQRIGSGTYGDVYKARDIATGELVAIKV 35
>gnl|CDD|132976 cd06645, STKc_MAP4K3, Catalytic domain of the Protein
Serine/Threonine Kinase, Mitogen-activated protein
kinase kinase kinase kinase 3. Serine/threonine
kinases (STKs), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)
kinase kinase kinase 3 (MAPKKKK3 or MAP4K3) subfamily,
catalytic (c) domain. STKs catalyze the transfer of the
gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to serine/threonine
residues on protein substrates. The MAP4K3 subfamily is
part of a larger superfamily that includes the
catalytic domains of other protein STKs, protein
tyrosine kinases, RIO kinases, aminoglycoside
phosphotransferase, choline kinase, and
phosphoinositide 3-kinase. Members of this subfamily
contain an N-terminal catalytic domain and a C-terminal
citron homology (CNH) regulatory domain, similar to
MAP4K4/6. MAP4Ks are involved in some MAPK signaling
pathways that are important in mediating cellular
responses to extracellular signals by activating a MAPK
kinase kinase (MAPKKK or MAP3K or MKKK). Each MAPK
cascade is activated either by a small GTP-binding
protein or by an adaptor protein, which transmits the
signal either directly to a MAP3K to start the triple
kinase core cascade or indirectly through a mediator
kinase, a MAP4K. MAP4K3 plays a role in the
nutrient-responsive pathway of mTOR (mammalian target
of rapamycin) signaling. MAP4K3 is required in the
activation of S6 kinase by amino acids and for the
phosphorylation of the mTOR-regulated inhibitor of
eukaryotic initiation factor 4E. mTOR regulates
ribosome biogenesis and protein translation, and is
frequently deregulated in cancer.
Length = 267
Score = 39.3 bits (91), Expect = 7e-04
Identities = 15/31 (48%), Positives = 24/31 (77%)
Query: 9 YRLGRKIGSGSFGDIYLGTNISTGEEVAIKL 39
+ L ++IGSG++GD+Y N++TGE AIK+
Sbjct: 11 FELIQRIGSGTYGDVYKARNVNTGELAAIKV 41
>gnl|CDD|197581 smart00219, TyrKc, Tyrosine kinase, catalytic domain.
Phosphotransferases. Tyrosine-specific kinase
subfamily.
Length = 257
Score = 39.1 bits (92), Expect = 0.001
Identities = 16/47 (34%), Positives = 24/47 (51%), Gaps = 6/47 (12%)
Query: 10 RLGRKIGSGSFGDIYLGT----NISTGEEVAIKLECIKTRHPQLHIE 52
LG+K+G G+FG++Y G EVA+K +K + IE
Sbjct: 2 TLGKKLGEGAFGEVYKGKLKGKGGKKKVEVAVK--TLKEDASEQQIE 46
>gnl|CDD|132977 cd06646, STKc_MAP4K5, Catalytic domain of the Protein
Serine/Threonine Kinase, Mitogen-activated protein
kinase kinase kinase kinase 5. Serine/threonine
kinases (STKs), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)
kinase kinase kinase 5 (MAPKKKK5 or MAP4K5) subfamily,
catalytic (c) domain. STKs catalyze the transfer of the
gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to serine/threonine
residues on protein substrates. The MAP4K5 subfamily is
part of a larger superfamily that includes the
catalytic domains of other protein STKs, protein
tyrosine kinases, RIO kinases, aminoglycoside
phosphotransferase, choline kinase, and
phosphoinositide 3-kinase. Members of this subfamily
contain an N-terminal catalytic domain and a C-terminal
citron homology (CNH) regulatory domain, similar to
MAP4K4/6. MAP4Ks are involved in some MAPK signaling
pathways that are important in mediating cellular
responses to extracellular signals by activating a MAPK
kinase kinase (MAPKKK or MAP3K or MKKK). Each MAPK
cascade is activated either by a small GTP-binding
protein or by an adaptor protein, which transmits the
signal either directly to a MAP3K to start the triple
kinase core cascade or indirectly through a mediator
kinase, a MAP4K. MAP4K5, also called germinal center
kinase-related enzyme (GCKR), has been shown to
activate the MAPK c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). MAP4K5
also facilitates Wnt signaling in B cells, and may
therefore be implicated in the control of cell fate,
proliferation, and polarity.
Length = 267
Score = 38.9 bits (90), Expect = 0.001
Identities = 14/31 (45%), Positives = 23/31 (74%)
Query: 9 YRLGRKIGSGSFGDIYLGTNISTGEEVAIKL 39
Y L +++GSG++GD+Y N+ TGE A+K+
Sbjct: 11 YELIQRVGSGTYGDVYKARNLHTGELAAVKI 41
>gnl|CDD|214568 smart00221, STYKc, Protein kinase; unclassified specificity.
Phosphotransferases. The specificity of this class of
kinases can not be predicted. Possible dual-specificity
Ser/Thr/Tyr kinase.
Length = 258
Score = 38.7 bits (91), Expect = 0.001
Identities = 17/47 (36%), Positives = 25/47 (53%), Gaps = 6/47 (12%)
Query: 10 RLGRKIGSGSFGDIYLGT----NISTGEEVAIKLECIKTRHPQLHIE 52
LG+K+G G+FG++Y GT EVA+K +K + IE
Sbjct: 2 TLGKKLGEGAFGEVYKGTLKGKGDGKEVEVAVK--TLKEDASEQQIE 46
>gnl|CDD|132978 cd06647, STKc_PAK_I, Catalytic domain of the Protein
Serine/Threonine Kinase, Group I p21-activated kinase.
Serine/threonine kinases (STKs), p21-activated kinase
(PAK) subfamily, Group I, catalytic (c) domain. STKs
catalyze the transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group
from ATP to serine/threonine residues on protein
substrates. The PAK subfamily is part of a larger
superfamily that includes the catalytic domains of
other protein STKs, protein tyrosine kinases, RIO
kinases, aminoglycoside phosphotransferase, choline
kinase, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase. PAKs are Rho
family GTPase-regulated kinases that serve as important
mediators in the function of Cdc42 (cell division cycle
42) and Rac. PAKs are implicated in the regulation of
many cellular processes including growth factor
receptor-mediated proliferation, cell polarity, cell
motility, cell death and survival, and actin
cytoskeleton organization. PAKs from higher eukaryotes
are classified into two groups (I and II), according to
their biochemical and structural features. Group I
PAKs, also called conventional PAKs, include PAK1,
PAK2, and PAK3. Group I PAKs contain a PBD (p21-binding
domain) overlapping with an AID (autoinhibitory
domain), a C-terminal catalytic domain, SH3 binding
sites and a non-classical SH3 binding site for PIX
(PAK-interacting exchange factor). They interact with
the SH3 domain containing proteins Nck, Grb2 and PIX.
Binding of group I PAKs to activated GTPases leads to
conformational changes that destabilize the AID,
allowing autophosphorylation and full activation of the
kinase domain. Known group I PAK substrates include
MLCK, Bad, Raf, MEK1, LIMK, Merlin, Vimentin, Myc,
Stat5a, and Aurora A, among others.
Length = 293
Score = 38.7 bits (90), Expect = 0.001
Identities = 15/31 (48%), Positives = 21/31 (67%)
Query: 8 KYRLGRKIGSGSFGDIYLGTNISTGEEVAIK 38
KY KIG G+ G +Y +++TG+EVAIK
Sbjct: 20 KYTRFEKIGQGASGTVYTAIDVATGQEVAIK 50
>gnl|CDD|143346 cd07841, STKc_CDK7, Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine
Kinase, Cyclin-Dependent protein Kinase 7.
Serine/Threonine Kinases (STKs), Cyclin-Dependent
protein Kinase 7 (CDK7) subfamily, catalytic (c)
domain. STKs catalyze the transfer of the
gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to serine/threonine
residues on protein substrates. The CDK7 subfamily is
part of a larger superfamily that includes the
catalytic domains of other protein STKs, protein
tyrosine kinases, RIO kinases, aminoglycoside
phosphotransferase, choline kinase, and
phosphoinositide 3-kinase. CDKs belong to a large
family of STKs that are regulated by their cognate
cyclins. Together, they are involved in the control of
cell-cycle progression, transcription, and neuronal
function. CDK7 plays essential roles in the cell cycle
and in transcription. It associates with cyclin H and
MAT1 and acts as a CDK-Activating Kinase (CAK) by
phosphorylating and activating cell cycle CDKs
(CDK1/2/4/6). In the brain, it activates CDK5. CDK7 is
also a component of the general transcription factor
TFIIH, which phosphorylates the C-terminal domain (CTD)
of RNA polymerase II when it is bound with
unphosphorylated DNA, as present in the pre-initiation
complex. Following phosphorylation, the CTD dissociates
from the DNA which allows transcription initiation.
Length = 298
Score = 38.7 bits (91), Expect = 0.001
Identities = 12/31 (38%), Positives = 19/31 (61%)
Query: 8 KYRLGRKIGSGSFGDIYLGTNISTGEEVAIK 38
+Y G+K+G G++ +Y + TG VAIK
Sbjct: 1 RYEKGKKLGEGTYAVVYKARDKETGRIVAIK 31
>gnl|CDD|173732 cd06628, STKc_MAPKKK_Byr2_like, Catalytic domain of fungal
Byr2-like MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases. Serine/threonine
kinases (STKs), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)
kinase kinase (MAPKKK) subfamily, fungal Byr2-like
proteins, catalytic (c) domain. STKs catalyze the
transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to
serine/threonine residues on protein substrates. The
MAPKKK subfamily is part of a larger superfamily that
includes the catalytic domains of other protein STKs,
protein tyrosine kinases, RIO kinases, aminoglycoside
phosphotransferase, choline kinase, and
phosphoinositide 3-kinase. Members of this group
include the MAPKKKs Schizosaccharomyces pombe Byr2,
Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Cryptococcus neoformans
Ste11, and related proteins. They contain an N-terminal
SAM (sterile alpha-motif) domain, which mediates
protein-protein interaction, and a C-terminal catalytic
domain. MAPKKKs phosphorylate and activate MAPK kinases
(MAPKKs or MKKs or MAP2Ks), which in turn phosphorylate
and activate MAPKs during signaling cascades that are
important in mediating cellular responses to
extracellular signals. Fission yeast Byr2 is regulated
by Ras1. It responds to pheromone signaling and
controls mating through the MAPK pathway. Budding yeast
Ste11 functions in MAPK cascades that regulate mating,
high osmolarity glycerol, and filamentous growth
responses.
Length = 267
Score = 38.7 bits (90), Expect = 0.001
Identities = 17/27 (62%), Positives = 21/27 (77%)
Query: 12 GRKIGSGSFGDIYLGTNISTGEEVAIK 38
G IGSGSFG +YLG N S+GE +A+K
Sbjct: 5 GALIGSGSFGSVYLGMNASSGELMAVK 31
>gnl|CDD|132956 cd06625, STKc_MEKK3_like, Catalytic domain of MAP/ERK kinase
kinase 3-like Protein Serine/Threonine Kinases.
Serine/threonine kinases (STKs), MAP/ERK kinase kinase
3 (MEKK3)-like subfamily, catalytic (c) domain. STKs
catalyze the transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group
from ATP to serine/threonine residues on protein
substrates. The MEKK3-like subfamily is part of a
larger superfamily that includes the catalytic domains
of other protein STKs, protein tyrosine kinases, RIO
kinases, aminoglycoside phosphotransferase, choline
kinase, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase. This subfamily
is composed of MEKK3, MEKK2, and related proteins, all
containing an N-terminal PB1 domain, which mediates
oligomerization, and a C-terminal catalytic domain.
MEKK2 and MEKK3 are mitogen-activated protein kinase
(MAPK) kinase kinases (MAPKKKs or MKKKs or MAP3Ks),
proteins that phosphorylate and activate MAPK kinases
(MAPKKs or MKKs or MAP2Ks), which in turn phosphorylate
and activate MAPKs during signaling cascades that are
important in mediating cellular responses to
extracellular signals. MEKK2 and MEKK3 activate MEK5
(also called MKK5), which activates extracellular
signal-regulated kinase 5 (ERK5). The ERK5 cascade
plays roles in promoting cell proliferation,
differentiation, neuronal survival, and
neuroprotection. MEKK3 plays an essential role in
embryonic angiogenesis and early heart development.
MEKK2 and MEKK3 can also activate the MAPKs, c-Jun
N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38, through their
respective MAPKKs.
Length = 263
Score = 38.6 bits (90), Expect = 0.001
Identities = 13/32 (40%), Positives = 22/32 (68%)
Query: 7 NKYRLGRKIGSGSFGDIYLGTNISTGEEVAIK 38
+R G+ +G G+FG +YL ++ TG E+A+K
Sbjct: 2 TNWRRGKLLGQGAFGRVYLCYDVDTGRELAVK 33
>gnl|CDD|132938 cd06607, STKc_TAO, Catalytic domain of the Protein
Serine/Threonine Kinase, Thousand-and-one amino acids
proteins. Serine/threonine kinases (STKs),
thousand-and-one amino acids (TAO) subfamily, catalytic
(c) domain. STKs catalyze the transfer of the
gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to serine/threonine
residues on protein substrates. The TAO subfamily is
part of a larger superfamily that includes the
catalytic domains of other protein STKs, protein
tyrosine kinases, RIO kinases, aminoglycoside
phosphotransferase, choline kinase, and
phosphoinositide 3-kinase. TAO proteins possess
mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) kinase kinase
(MAPKKK or MAP3K or MKKK) activity. They activate the
MAPKs, p38 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), by
phosphorylating and activating the respective MAP/ERK
kinases (MEKs, also known as MKKs or MAPKKs), MEK3/MEK6
and MKK4/MKK7. MAPK signaling cascades are important in
mediating cellular responses to extracellular signals.
Vertebrates contain three TAO subfamily members, named
TAO1, TAO2, and TAO3.
Length = 307
Score = 38.2 bits (89), Expect = 0.002
Identities = 14/26 (53%), Positives = 18/26 (69%)
Query: 13 RKIGSGSFGDIYLGTNISTGEEVAIK 38
R+IG GSFG +Y ++ T E VAIK
Sbjct: 21 REIGHGSFGAVYFARDVRTNEVVAIK 46
>gnl|CDD|219530 pfam07714, Pkinase_Tyr, Protein tyrosine kinase.
Length = 258
Score = 37.9 bits (89), Expect = 0.002
Identities = 14/33 (42%), Positives = 21/33 (63%), Gaps = 4/33 (12%)
Query: 10 RLGRKIGSGSFGDIYLGT----NISTGEEVAIK 38
LG+K+G G+FG++Y GT T +VA+K
Sbjct: 2 ELGKKLGEGAFGEVYKGTLKGDGEGTETKVAVK 34
>gnl|CDD|132960 cd06629, STKc_MAPKKK_Bck1_like, Catalytic domain of fungal
Bck1-like MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases. Serine/threonine
kinases (STKs), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)
kinase kinase (MAPKKK) subfamily, fungal Bck1-like
proteins, catalytic (c) domain. STKs catalyze the
transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to
serine/threonine residues on protein substrates. The
MAPKKK subfamily is part of a larger superfamily that
includes the catalytic domains of other protein STKs,
protein tyrosine kinases, RIO kinases, aminoglycoside
phosphotransferase, choline kinase, and
phosphoinositide 3-kinase. Members of this group
include the MAPKKKs Saccharomyces cerevisiae Bck1 and
Schizosaccharomyces pombe Mkh1, and related proteins.
MAPKKKs phosphorylate and activate MAPK kinases (MAPKKs
or MKKs or MAP2Ks), which in turn phosphorylate and
activate MAPKs during signaling cascades that are
important in mediating cellular responses to
extracellular signals. Budding yeast Bck1 is part of
the cell integrity MAPK pathway, which is activated by
stresses and aggressions to the cell wall. The MAPKKK
Bck1, MAPKKs Mkk1 and Mkk2, and the MAPK Slt2 make up
the cascade that is important in the maintenance of
cell wall homeostasis. Fission yeast Mkh1 is involved
in MAPK cascades regulating cell morphology, cell wall
integrity, salt resistance, and filamentous growth in
response to stress.
Length = 272
Score = 37.9 bits (88), Expect = 0.002
Identities = 13/27 (48%), Positives = 20/27 (74%)
Query: 12 GRKIGSGSFGDIYLGTNISTGEEVAIK 38
G IG G++G +YL N++TGE +A+K
Sbjct: 6 GELIGKGTYGRVYLALNVTTGEMMAVK 32
>gnl|CDD|173628 cd05038, PTKc_Jak_rpt2, Catalytic (repeat 2) domain of the Protein
Tyrosine Kinases, Janus kinases. Protein Tyrosine
Kinase (PTK) family; Janus kinase (Jak) subfamily;
catalytic (c) domain (repeat 2). The Jak subfamily is
composed of Jak1, Jak2, Jak3, TYK2, and similar
proteins. The PTKc family is part of a larger
superfamily that includes the catalytic domains of other
kinases such as protein serine/threonine kinases, RIO
kinases, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). PTKs
catalyze the transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group from
ATP to tyrosine (tyr) residues in protein substrates.
Jak subfamily proteins are cytoplasmic (or nonreceptor)
tyr kinases containing an N-terminal FERM domain,
followed by a Src homology 2 (SH2) domain, a
pseudokinase domain, and a C-terminal tyr kinase
catalytic domain. Most Jaks are expressed in a wide
variety of tissues, except for Jak3, which is expressed
only in hematopoietic cells. Jaks are crucial for
cytokine receptor signaling. They are activated by
autophosphorylation upon cytokine-induced receptor
aggregation, and subsequently trigger downstream
signaling events such as the phosphorylation of signal
transducers and activators of transcription (STATs).
Jaks are also involved in regulating the surface
expression of some cytokine receptors. The Jak-STAT
pathway is involved in many biological processes
including hematopoiesis, immunoregulation, host defense,
fertility, lactation, growth, and embryogenesis.
Length = 284
Score = 37.8 bits (88), Expect = 0.002
Identities = 27/110 (24%), Positives = 48/110 (43%), Gaps = 11/110 (10%)
Query: 13 RKIGSGSFGDIYLGT----NISTGEEVAIKL---ECIKTRHPQLHIESKIYKLMQGGVGI 65
+++G G FG + L +TGE+VA+K + E +I + + +
Sbjct: 10 KQLGEGHFGKVELCRYDPLGDNTGEQVAVKSLNHSGEEQHRSDFEREIEILRTLDHENIV 69
Query: 66 PQIKWCGSEGDYNV-MVMELLGP--SLEDLFNFCSRRFSLKTVLLLADQL 112
C G ++ ++ME L P SL D + +LK +LL + Q+
Sbjct: 70 KYKGVCEKPGGRSLRLIMEYL-PSGSLRDYLQRHRDQINLKRLLLFSSQI 118
>gnl|CDD|173754 cd07865, STKc_CDK9, Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine
Kinase, Cyclin-Dependent protein Kinase 9.
Serine/Threonine Kinases (STKs), Cyclin-Dependent
protein Kinase 9 (CDK9) subfamily, catalytic (c)
domain. STKs catalyze the transfer of the
gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to serine/threonine
residues on protein substrates. The CDK9 subfamily is
part of a larger superfamily that includes the
catalytic domains of other protein STKs, protein
tyrosine kinases, RIO kinases, aminoglycoside
phosphotransferase, choline kinase, and
phosphoinositide 3-kinase. CDKs belong to a large
family of STKs that are regulated by their cognate
cyclins. Together, they are involved in the control of
cell-cycle progression, transcription, and neuronal
function. CDK9 together with a cyclin partner (cyclin
T1, T2a, T2b, or K) is the main component of distinct
positive transcription elongation factors (P-TEFb),
which function as Ser2 C-terminal domain kinases of RNA
polymerase II. P-TEFb participates in multiple steps of
gene expression including transcription elongation,
mRNA synthesis, processing, export, and translation. It
also plays a role in mediating cytokine induced
transcription networks such as IL6-induced STAT3
signaling. In addition, the CDK9/cyclin T2a complex
promotes muscle differentiation and enhances the
function of some myogenic regulatory factors.
Length = 310
Score = 37.0 bits (86), Expect = 0.004
Identities = 12/32 (37%), Positives = 20/32 (62%)
Query: 7 NKYRLGRKIGSGSFGDIYLGTNISTGEEVAIK 38
+KY KIG G+FG+++ + T + VA+K
Sbjct: 12 SKYEKLAKIGQGTFGEVFKARHKKTKQIVALK 43
>gnl|CDD|132984 cd06653, STKc_MEKK3_like_1, Catalytic domain of MAP/ERK kinase
kinase 3-like Protein Serine/Threonine Kinases.
Serine/threonine kinases (STKs), MAP/ERK kinase kinase
3 (MEKK3)-like subfamily, catalytic (c) domain,
functionally uncharacterized subgroup 1. STKs catalyze
the transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to
serine/threonine residues on protein substrates. The
MEKK3-like subfamily is part of a larger superfamily
that includes the catalytic domains of other protein
STKs, protein tyrosine kinases, RIO kinases,
aminoglycoside phosphotransferase, choline kinase, and
phosphoinositide 3-kinase. The MEKK3-like subfamily is
composed of MEKK3, MEKK2, and related proteins, all
containing an N-terminal PB1 domain, which mediates
oligomerization, and a C-terminal catalytic domain.
MEKK2 and MEKK3 are mitogen-activated protein kinase
(MAPK) kinase kinases (MAPKKKs or MKKKs or MAP3Ks),
proteins that phosphorylate and activate MAPK kinases
(MAPKKs or MKKs or MAP2Ks), which in turn phosphorylate
and activate MAPKs during signaling cascades that are
important in mediating cellular responses to
extracellular signals. MEKK2 and MEKK3 activate MEK5
(also called MKK5), which activates extracellular
signal-regulated kinase 5 (ERK5). The ERK5 cascade
plays roles in promoting cell proliferation,
differentiation, neuronal survival, and
neuroprotection. MEKK3 plays an essential role in
embryonic angiogenesis and early heart development.
MEKK2 and MEKK3 can also activate the MAPKs, c-Jun
N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38, through their
respective MAPKKs.
Length = 264
Score = 36.9 bits (85), Expect = 0.005
Identities = 14/30 (46%), Positives = 23/30 (76%)
Query: 9 YRLGRKIGSGSFGDIYLGTNISTGEEVAIK 38
+RLG+ +G G+FG++YL + TG E+A+K
Sbjct: 4 WRLGKLLGRGAFGEVYLCYDADTGRELAVK 33
>gnl|CDD|132983 cd06652, STKc_MEKK2, Catalytic domain of the Protein
Serine/Threonine Kinase, MAP/ERK kinase kinase 2.
Serine/threonine kinases (STKs), MAP/ERK kinase kinase
2 (MEKK2) subfamily, catalytic (c) domain. STKs
catalyze the transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group
from ATP to serine/threonine residues on protein
substrates. The MEKK2 subfamily is part of a larger
superfamily that includes the catalytic domains of
other protein STKs, protein tyrosine kinases, RIO
kinases, aminoglycoside phosphotransferase, choline
kinase, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase. MEKK2 is a
mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) kinase kinase
(MAPKKK or MKKK or MAP3K), that phosphorylates and
activates the MAPK kinase MEK5 (or MKK5), which in turn
phosphorylates and activates extracellular
signal-regulated kinase 5 (ERK5). The ERK5 cascade
plays roles in promoting cell proliferation,
differentiation, neuronal survival, and
neuroprotection. MEKK2 also activates ERK1/2, c-Jun
N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 through their
respective MAPKKs MEK1/2, JNK-activating kinase 2
(JNKK2), and MKK3/6. MEKK2 plays roles in T cell
receptor signaling, immune synapse formation, cytokine
gene expression, as well as in EGF and FGF receptor
signaling.
Length = 265
Score = 36.9 bits (85), Expect = 0.005
Identities = 14/30 (46%), Positives = 22/30 (73%)
Query: 9 YRLGRKIGSGSFGDIYLGTNISTGEEVAIK 38
+RLG+ +G G+FG +YL + TG E+A+K
Sbjct: 4 WRLGKLLGQGAFGRVYLCYDADTGRELAVK 33
>gnl|CDD|173333 PTZ00036, PTZ00036, glycogen synthase kinase; Provisional.
Length = 440
Score = 36.9 bits (85), Expect = 0.005
Identities = 17/30 (56%), Positives = 21/30 (70%)
Query: 9 YRLGRKIGSGSFGDIYLGTNISTGEEVAIK 38
Y+LG IG+GSFG +Y I T E+VAIK
Sbjct: 68 YKLGNIIGNGSFGVVYEAICIDTSEKVAIK 97
>gnl|CDD|143371 cd07866, STKc_BUR1, Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine
Kinase, Fungal Cyclin-Dependent protein Kinase Bypass
UAS Requirement 1 and similar proteins.
Serine/Threonine Kinases (STKs), Bypass UAS Requirement
1 (BUR1) subfamily, catalytic (c) domain. STKs catalyze
the transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to
serine/threonine residues on protein substrates. The
BUR1 subfamily is part of a larger superfamily that
includes the catalytic domains of other protein STKs,
protein tyrosine kinases, RIO kinases, aminoglycoside
phosphotransferase, choline kinase, and
phosphoinositide 3-kinase. CDKs belong to a large
family of STKs that are regulated by their cognate
cyclins. Together, they are involved in the control of
cell-cycle progression, transcription, and neuronal
function. BUR1, also called SGV1, is a yeast
Cyclin-Dependent protein Kinase (CDK) that is
functionally equivalent to mammalian CDK9. It
associates with the cyclin BUR2. BUR genes were
orginally identified in a genetic screen as factors
involved in general transcription. The BUR1/BUR2
complex phosphorylates the C-terminal domain of RNA
polymerase II. In addition, this complex regulates
histone modification by phosporylating Rad6 and
mediating the association of the Paf1 complex with
chromatin.
Length = 311
Score = 36.9 bits (86), Expect = 0.005
Identities = 18/56 (32%), Positives = 27/56 (48%), Gaps = 4/56 (7%)
Query: 9 YRLGRKIGSGSFGDIYLGTNISTGEEVAIKLECIKTRHPQLHI----ESKIYKLMQ 60
Y + K+G G+FG++Y I TG VA+K + I E KI K ++
Sbjct: 10 YEILGKLGEGTFGEVYKARQIKTGRVVALKKILMHNEKDGFPITALREIKILKKLK 65
>gnl|CDD|143345 cd07840, STKc_CDK9_like, Catalytic domain of Cyclin-Dependent
protein Kinase 9-like Serine/Threonine Kinases.
Serine/Threonine Kinases (STKs), Cyclin-Dependent
protein Kinase 9 (CDK9)-like subfamily, catalytic (c)
domain. STKs catalyze the transfer of the
gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to serine/threonine
residues on protein substrates. The CDK9-like subfamily
is part of a larger superfamily that includes the
catalytic domains of other protein STKs, protein
tyrosine kinases, RIO kinases, aminoglycoside
phosphotransferase, choline kinase, and
phosphoinositide 3-kinase. CDKs belong to a large
family of STKs that are regulated by their cognate
cyclins. Together, they are involved in the control of
cell-cycle progression, transcription, and neuronal
function. This subfamily is composed of CDK9 and CDK12
from higher eukaryotes, yeast BUR1, C-type plant CDKs
(CdkC), and similar proteins. CDK9, BUR1, and CdkC are
functionally equivalent. They act as a kinase for the
C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II and participate
in regulating mutliple steps of gene expression
including transcription elongation and RNA processing.
CDK9 and CdkC associate with T-type cyclins while BUR1
associates with the cyclin BUR2. CDK12 is a unique CDK
that contains an arginine/serine-rich (RS) domain,
which is predominantly found in splicing factors. CDK12
interacts with cyclins L1 and L2, and participates in
regulating transcription and alternative splicing.
Length = 287
Score = 36.8 bits (86), Expect = 0.006
Identities = 13/30 (43%), Positives = 18/30 (60%)
Query: 9 YRLGRKIGSGSFGDIYLGTNISTGEEVAIK 38
Y +IG G++G +Y N TGE VA+K
Sbjct: 1 YEKIAQIGEGTYGQVYKARNKKTGELVALK 30
>gnl|CDD|132943 cd06612, STKc_MST1_2, Catalytic domain of the Protein
Serine/Threonine Kinases, Mammalian Ste20-like protein
kinase 1 and 2. Serine/threonine kinases (STKs),
mammalian Ste20-like protein kinase 1 (MST1) and MST2
subfamily, catalytic (c) domain. STKs catalyze the
transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to
serine/threonine residues on protein substrates. The
MST1/2 subfamily is part of a larger superfamily that
includes the catalytic domains of other protein STKs,
protein tyrosine kinases, RIO kinases, aminoglycoside
phosphotransferase, choline kinase, and
phosphoinositide 3-kinase. This subfamily is composed
of MST1, MST2, and related proteins including
Drosophila Hippo and Dictyostelium discoideum Krs1
(kinase responsive to stress 1). MST1/2 and Hippo are
involved in a conserved pathway that governs cell
contact inhibition, organ size control, and tumor
development. MST1 activates the mitogen-activated
protein kinases (MAPKs) p38 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase
(JNK) through MKK7 (a MAPK kinase) and MEKK1 (a MAPK
kinase kinase) by acting as a MAPK kinase kinase kinase
(MAPKKKK). Activation of JNK by MST1 leads to caspase
activation and apoptosis. MST1 has also been implicated
in cell proliferation and differentiation. Krs1 may
regulate cell growth arrest and apoptosis in response
to cellular stress.
Length = 256
Score = 36.1 bits (84), Expect = 0.007
Identities = 12/31 (38%), Positives = 20/31 (64%)
Query: 9 YRLGRKIGSGSFGDIYLGTNISTGEEVAIKL 39
+ + K+G GS+G +Y + TG+ VAIK+
Sbjct: 5 FDILEKLGEGSYGSVYKAIHKETGQVVAIKV 35
>gnl|CDD|173735 cd07831, STKc_MOK, Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine
Kinase, MAPK/MAK/MRK Overlapping Kinase.
Serine/Threonine Kinases (STKs), MAPK/MAK/MRK
Overlapping Kinase (MOK) subfamily, catalytic (c)
domain. STKs catalyze the transfer of the
gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to serine/threonine
residues on protein substrates. The MOK subfamily is
part of a larger superfamily that includes the
catalytic domains of other protein STKs, protein
tyrosine kinases, RIO kinases, aminoglycoside
phosphotransferase, choline kinase, and
phosphoinositide 3-kinase. MOK, also called Renal tumor
antigen 1 (RAGE-1), is widely expressed and is enriched
in testis, kidney, lung, and brain. It is expressed in
approximately 50% of renal cell carcinomas (RCC) and is
a potential target for immunotherapy. MOK is stabilized
by its association with the HSP90 molecular chaperone.
It is induced by the transcription factor Cdx2 and may
be involved in regulating intestinal epithelial
development and differentiation.
Length = 282
Score = 35.3 bits (82), Expect = 0.014
Identities = 11/30 (36%), Positives = 18/30 (60%)
Query: 9 YRLGRKIGSGSFGDIYLGTNISTGEEVAIK 38
Y++ KIG G+F ++ + TG+ AIK
Sbjct: 1 YKILGKIGEGTFSEVLKAQSRKTGKYYAIK 30
>gnl|CDD|173733 cd07829, STKc_CDK_like, Catalytic domain of Cyclin-Dependent
protein Kinase-like Serine/Threonine Kinases.
Serine/Threonine Kinases (STKs), Cyclin-Dependent
protein Kinase (CDK)-like subfamily, catalytic (c)
domain. STKs catalyze the transfer of the
gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to serine/threonine
residues on protein substrates. The CDK-like subfamily
is part of a larger superfamily that includes the
catalytic domains of other protein STKs, protein
tyrosine kinases, RIO kinases, aminoglycoside
phosphotransferase, choline kinase, and
phosphoinositide 3-kinase. CDKs belong to a large
family of STKs that are regulated by their cognate
cyclins. Together, they are involved in the control of
cell-cycle progression, transcription, and neuronal
function. CDKs are partly regulated by their
subcellular localization, which defines substrate
phosphorylation and the resulting specific function.
CDK1, CDK2, CDK4, and CDK6 have well-defined functions
in the cell cycle, such as the regulation of the early
G1 phase by CDK4 or CDK6, the G1/S phase transition by
CDK2, or the entry of mitosis by CDK1. They also
exhibit overlapping cyclin specificity and functions in
certain conditions. Knockout mice with a single CDK
deleted remain viable with specific phenotypes, showing
that some CDKs can compensate for each other. For
example, CDK4 can compensate for the loss of CDK6,
however, double knockout mice with both CDK4 and CDK6
deleted die in utero. CDK8 and CDK9 are mainly involved
in transcription while CDK5 is implicated in neuronal
function. CDK7 plays essential roles in both the cell
cycle as a CDK-Activating Kinase (CAK) and in
transcription as a component of the general
transcription factor TFIIH.
Length = 282
Score = 35.2 bits (82), Expect = 0.016
Identities = 12/30 (40%), Positives = 18/30 (60%)
Query: 9 YRLGRKIGSGSFGDIYLGTNISTGEEVAIK 38
Y K+G G++G +Y + TGE VA+K
Sbjct: 1 YEKLEKLGEGTYGVVYKARDKKTGEIVALK 30
>gnl|CDD|173737 cd07834, STKc_MAPK, Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine
Kinase, Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase.
Serine/Threonine Kinases (STKs), Mitogen-Activated
Protein Kinase (MAPK) subfamily, catalytic (c) domain.
STKs catalyze the transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl
group from ATP to serine/threonine residues on protein
substrates. The MAPK subfamily is part of a larger
superfamily that includes the catalytic domains of
other protein STKs, protein tyrosine kinases, RIO
kinases, aminoglycoside phosphotransferase, choline
kinase, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase. MAPKs serve as
important mediators of cellular responses to
extracellular signals. They control critical cellular
functions including differentiation, proliferation,
migration, and apoptosis. They are also implicated in
the pathogenesis of many diseases including multiple
types of cancer, stroke, diabetes, and chronic
inflammation. Typical MAPK pathways involve a triple
kinase core cascade comprising of the MAPK, which is
phosphorylated and activated by a MAPK kinase (MAP2K or
MKK), which itself is phosphorylated and activated by a
MAPK kinase kinase (MAP3K or MKKK). Each cascade is
activated either by a small GTP-binding protein or by
an adaptor protein, which transmits the signal either
directly to a MAP3K to start the triple kinase core
cascade or indirectly through a mediator kinase, a
MAP4K. There are three main typical MAPK subfamilies:
Extracellular signal-Regulated Kinase (ERK), c-Jun
N-terminal Kinase (JNK), and p38. Some MAPKs are
atypical in that they are not regulated by MAP2Ks.
These include MAPK4, MAPK6, NLK, and ERK7.
Length = 330
Score = 35.2 bits (82), Expect = 0.019
Identities = 13/31 (41%), Positives = 20/31 (64%)
Query: 8 KYRLGRKIGSGSFGDIYLGTNISTGEEVAIK 38
+Y L + IGSG++G + + TG +VAIK
Sbjct: 1 RYELLKPIGSGAYGVVCSAVDKRTGRKVAIK 31
>gnl|CDD|173725 cd06608, STKc_myosinIII_like, Catalytic domain of Class III
myosin-like Protein Serine/Threonine Kinases.
Serine/threonine kinases (STKs), Class III myosin-like
subfamily, catalytic (c) domain. STKs catalyze the
transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to
serine/threonine residues on protein substrates. The
class III myosin-like subfamily is part of a larger
superfamily that includes the catalytic domains of
other protein STKs, protein tyrosine kinases, RIO
kinases, aminoglycoside phosphotransferase, choline
kinase, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase. Class III
myosins are motor proteins with an N-terminal kinase
catalytic domain and a C-terminal actin-binding motor
domain. Class III myosins are present in the
photoreceptors of invertebrates and vertebrates and in
the auditory hair cells of mammals. The kinase domain
of myosin III can phosphorylate several cytoskeletal
proteins, conventional myosin regulatory light chains,
and can autophosphorylate the C-terminal motor domain.
Myosin III may play an important role in maintaining
the structural integrity of photoreceptor cell
microvilli. It may also function as a cargo carrier
during light-dependent translocation, in photoreceptor
cells, of proteins such as transducin and arrestin. The
Drosophila class III myosin, called NinaC (Neither
inactivation nor afterpotential protein C), is critical
in normal adaptation and termination of photoresponse.
Vertebrates contain two isoforms of class III myosin,
IIIA and IIIB. This subfamily also includes mammalian
NIK-like embryo-specific kinase (NESK), Traf2- and
Nck-interacting kinase (TNIK), mitogen-activated
protein kinase (MAPK) kinase kinase kinase 4 (MAPKKKK4
or MAP4K4) and MAPKKKK6 (or MAP4K6). MAP4Ks are
involved in some MAPK signaling pathways by activating
a MAPK kinase kinase (MAPKKK or MAP3K or MKKK). Each
MAPK cascade is activated either by a small GTP-binding
protein or by an adaptor protein, which transmits the
signal either directly to a MAP3K to start the triple
kinase core cascade or indirectly through a mediator
kinase, a MAP4K. MAPK signaling cascades are important
in mediating cellular responses to extracellular
signals.
Length = 275
Score = 34.9 bits (81), Expect = 0.021
Identities = 12/33 (36%), Positives = 18/33 (54%)
Query: 6 GNKYRLGRKIGSGSFGDIYLGTNISTGEEVAIK 38
+ L IG G++G +Y + TG+ VAIK
Sbjct: 5 TGIFELVEVIGEGTYGKVYKARHKKTGQLVAIK 37
>gnl|CDD|132987 cd06656, STKc_PAK3, Catalytic domain of the Protein
Serine/Threonine Kinase, p21-activated kinase 3.
Serine/threonine kinases (STKs), p21-activated kinase
(PAK) 3, catalytic (c) domain. STKs catalyze the
transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to
serine/threonine residues on protein substrates. The
PAK subfamily is part of a larger superfamily that
includes the catalytic domains of other protein STKs,
protein tyrosine kinases, RIO kinases, aminoglycoside
phosphotransferase, choline kinase, and
phosphoinositide 3-kinase. PAKs are Rho family
GTPase-regulated kinases that serve as important
mediators in the function of Cdc42 (cell division cycle
42) and Rac. PAKs from higher eukaryotes are classified
into two groups (I and II), according to their
biochemical and structural features. PAK3 belongs to
group I. Group I PAKs contain a PBD (p21-binding
domain) overlapping with an AID (autoinhibitory
domain), a C-terminal catalytic domain, SH3 binding
sites and a non-classical SH3 binding site for PIX
(PAK-interacting exchange factor). PAK3 is highly
expressed in the brain. It is implicated in neuronal
plasticity, synapse formation, dendritic spine
morphogenesis, cell cycle progression, neuronal
migration, and apoptosis. Inactivating mutations in the
PAK3 gene cause X-linked non-syndromic mental
retardation, the severity of which depends on the site
of the mutation.
Length = 297
Score = 35.1 bits (80), Expect = 0.023
Identities = 16/31 (51%), Positives = 21/31 (67%)
Query: 8 KYRLGRKIGSGSFGDIYLGTNISTGEEVAIK 38
KY KIG G+ G +Y +I+TG+EVAIK
Sbjct: 20 KYTRFEKIGQGASGTVYTAIDIATGQEVAIK 50
>gnl|CDD|173625 cd05032, PTKc_InsR_like, Catalytic domain of Insulin
Receptor-like Protein Tyrosine Kinases. Protein
Tyrosine Kinase (PTK) family; Insulin Receptor (InsR)
subfamily; catalytic (c) domain. The PTKc family is
part of a larger superfamily that includes the
catalytic domains of other kinases such as protein
serine/threonine kinases, RIO kinases, and
phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). The InsR subfamily is
composed of InsR, Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 Receptor
(IGF-1R), and similar proteins. PTKs catalyze the
transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to
tyrosine (tyr) residues in protein substrates. InsR and
IGF-1R are receptor tyr kinases (RTKs) composed of two
alphabeta heterodimers. Binding of the ligand (insulin,
IGF-1, or IGF-2) to the extracellular alpha subunit
activates the intracellular tyr kinase domain of the
transmembrane beta subunit. Receptor activation leads
to autophosphorylation, stimulating downstream kinase
activities, which initiate signaling cascades and
biological function. InsR and IGF-1R, which share 84%
sequence identity in their kinase domains, display
physiologically distinct yet overlapping functions in
cell growth, differentiation, and metabolism. InsR
activation leads primarily to metabolic effects while
IGF-1R activation stimulates mitogenic pathways. In
cells expressing both receptors, InsR/IGF-1R hybrids
are found together with classical receptors. Both
receptors can interact with common adaptor molecules
such as IRS-1 and IRS-2.
Length = 277
Score = 34.6 bits (80), Expect = 0.030
Identities = 16/37 (43%), Positives = 20/37 (54%), Gaps = 5/37 (13%)
Query: 7 NKYRLGRKIGSGSFGDIYLGT--NISTGE---EVAIK 38
K L R++G GSFG +Y G + GE VAIK
Sbjct: 6 EKITLIRELGQGSFGMVYEGLAKGVVKGEPETRVAIK 42
>gnl|CDD|225023 COG2112, COG2112, Predicted Ser/Thr protein kinase [Signal
transduction mechanisms].
Length = 201
Score = 33.9 bits (78), Expect = 0.039
Identities = 32/153 (20%), Positives = 59/153 (38%), Gaps = 27/153 (17%)
Query: 3 LRVGNKYRLG--RKIGSGSFGDIYLGTNISTGEEVAIKLECIKTRHPQLHIESKIYKLMQ 60
KY L +++ G+ +YLG G EVA+K+ + L E+KI +++
Sbjct: 16 NVEEGKYELRVEKELAKGTTSVVYLGE--WRGGEVALKVRRRDSPRRNLEKEAKILEILA 73
Query: 61 GGVGIPQIKWCGSEGDYNVMVME-LLGPSLEDLFNFCSRR---------FSLKTVLLLAD 110
G P++ + G + + ME + G L L R+ + L + +
Sbjct: 74 GEGVTPEVYFYG----EDFIRMEYIDGRPLGKLEIGGDRKHLLRVLEKAYKLDRLGIEHG 129
Query: 111 QLS------ITAPG---IIDQEQKSVMVVGTNI 134
+LS + IID + + N+
Sbjct: 130 ELSRPWKNVLVNDRDVYIIDFDSATFKKKPRNV 162
Score = 27.8 bits (62), Expect = 4.4
Identities = 18/70 (25%), Positives = 32/70 (45%), Gaps = 5/70 (7%)
Query: 136 TGEEVAIKLECIKTRHPQLHIESKIYKLMQGGVGIPQIKWCGSEGDYNVMVME-LLGPSL 194
G EVA+K+ + L E+KI +++ G P++ + G + + ME + G L
Sbjct: 44 RGGEVALKVRRRDSPRRNLEKEAKILEILAGEGVTPEVYFYG----EDFIRMEYIDGRPL 99
Query: 195 EDLFNFCSRR 204
L R+
Sbjct: 100 GKLEIGGDRK 109
>gnl|CDD|173624 cd00192, PTKc, Catalytic domain of Protein Tyrosine Kinases.
Protein Tyrosine Kinase (PTK) family, catalytic domain.
This PTKc family is part of a larger superfamily that
includes the catalytic domains of protein
serine/threonine kinases, RIO kinases, aminoglycoside
phosphotransferase, choline kinase, and
phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). PTKs catalyze the
transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to
tyrosine (tyr) residues in protein substrates. They can
be classified into receptor and non-receptor tyr
kinases. PTKs play important roles in many cellular
processes including, lymphocyte activation, epithelium
growth and maintenance, metabolism control,
organogenesis regulation, survival, proliferation,
differentiation, migration, adhesion, motility, and
morphogenesis. Receptor tyr kinases (RTKs) are integral
membrane proteins which contain an extracellular
ligand-binding region, a transmembrane segment, and an
intracellular tyr kinase domain. RTKs are usually
activated through ligand binding, which causes
dimerization and autophosphorylation of the
intracellular tyr kinase catalytic domain, leading to
intracellular signaling. Some RTKs are orphan receptors
with no known ligands. Non-receptor (or cytoplasmic)
tyr kinases are distributed in different intracellular
compartments and are usually multi-domain proteins
containing a catalytic tyr kinase domain as well as
various regulatory domains such as SH3 and SH2. PTKs
are usually autoinhibited and require a mechanism for
activation. In many PTKs, the phosphorylation of tyr
residues in the activation loop is essential for
optimal activity. Aberrant expression of PTKs is
associated with many development abnormalities and
cancers.
Length = 262
Score = 34.0 bits (79), Expect = 0.041
Identities = 11/29 (37%), Positives = 17/29 (58%), Gaps = 3/29 (10%)
Query: 13 RKIGSGSFGDIYLGT---NISTGEEVAIK 38
+K+G G+FG++Y G EVA+K
Sbjct: 1 KKLGEGAFGEVYKGKLKGKDGKTTEVAVK 29
>gnl|CDD|132991 cd06917, STKc_NAK1_like, Catalytic domain of Fungal Nak1-like
Protein Serine/Threonine Kinases. Serine/threonine
kinases (STKs), Nak1 subfamily, catalytic (c) domain.
STKs catalyze the transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl
group from ATP to serine/threonine residues on protein
substrates. The Nak1 subfamily is part of a larger
superfamily that includes the catalytic domains of
other protein STKs, protein tyrosine kinases, RIO
kinases, aminoglycoside phosphotransferase, choline
kinase, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase. This subfamily
is composed of Schizosaccharomyces pombe Nak1,
Saccharomyces cerevisiae Kic1p (kinase that interacts
with Cdc31p) and related proteins. Nak1 (also known as
N-rich kinase 1), is required by fission yeast for
polarizing the tips of actin cytoskeleton and is
involved in cell growth, cell separation, cell
morphology and cell-cycle progression. Kic1p is
required by budding yeast for cell integrity and
morphogenesis. Kic1p interacts with Cdc31p, the yeast
homologue of centrin, and phosphorylates substrates in
a Cdc31p-dependent manner.
Length = 277
Score = 34.0 bits (78), Expect = 0.046
Identities = 12/31 (38%), Positives = 20/31 (64%)
Query: 9 YRLGRKIGSGSFGDIYLGTNISTGEEVAIKL 39
Y+ IG G++G +Y G ++ TG VA+K+
Sbjct: 3 YQRLELIGRGAYGAVYRGKHVPTGRVVALKI 33
>gnl|CDD|132964 cd06633, STKc_TAO3, Catalytic domain of the Protein
Serine/Threonine Kinase, Thousand-and-one amino acids
3. Serine/threonine kinases (STKs), thousand-and-one
amino acids 3 (TAO3) subfamily, catalytic (c) domain.
STKs catalyze the transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl
group from ATP to serine/threonine residues on protein
substrates. The TAO subfamily is part of a larger
superfamily that includes the catalytic domains of
other protein STKs, protein tyrosine kinases, RIO
kinases, aminoglycoside phosphotransferase, choline
kinase, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase. TAO proteins
possess mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) kinase
kinase (MAPKKK or MAP3K or MKKK) activity. MAPK
signaling cascades are important in mediating cellular
responses to extracellular signals. TAO3 is also known
as JIK (JNK inhibitory kinase) or KFC (kinase from
chicken). It specifically activates c-Jun N-terminal
kinase (JNK), presumably by phosphorylating and
activating MKK4/MKK7. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, TAO3
is a component of the RAM (regulation of Ace2p activity
and cellular morphogenesis) signaling pathway. TAO3 is
upregulated in retinal ganglion cells after axotomy,
and may play a role in apoptosis.
Length = 313
Score = 33.8 bits (77), Expect = 0.049
Identities = 14/25 (56%), Positives = 17/25 (68%)
Query: 14 KIGSGSFGDIYLGTNISTGEEVAIK 38
+IG GSFG +Y TN T E VA+K
Sbjct: 28 EIGHGSFGAVYFATNSHTNEVVAVK 52
>gnl|CDD|173626 cd05034, PTKc_Src_like, Catalytic domain of Src kinase-like
Protein Tyrosine Kinases. Protein Tyrosine Kinase
(PTK) family; Src kinase subfamily; catalytic (c)
domain. Src subfamily members include Src, Lck, Hck,
Blk, Lyn, Fgr, Fyn, Yrk, and Yes. The PTKc family is
part of a larger superfamily that includes the
catalytic domains of other kinases such as protein
serine/threonine kinases, RIO kinases, and
phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). PTKs catalyze the
transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to
tyrosine (tyr) residues in protein substrates. Src (or
c-Src) proteins are cytoplasmic (or non-receptor) tyr
kinases which are anchored to the plasma membrane. They
contain an N-terminal SH4 domain with a myristoylation
site, followed by SH3 and SH2 domains, a tyr kinase
domain, and a regulatory C-terminal region containing a
conserved tyr. They are activated by
autophosphorylation at the tyr kinase domain, but are
negatively regulated by phosphorylation at the
C-terminal tyr by Csk (C-terminal Src Kinase). Src
proteins are involved in signaling pathways that
regulate cytokine and growth factor responses,
cytoskeleton dynamics, cell proliferation, survival,
and differentiation. They were identified as the first
proto-oncogene products, and they regulate cell
adhesion, invasion, and motility in cancer cells and
tumor vasculature, contributing to cancer progression
and metastasis. Src kinases are overexpressed in a
variety of human cancers, making them attractive
targets for therapy. They are also implicated in acute
inflammatory responses and osteoclast function. Src,
Fyn, Yes, and Yrk are widely expressed, while Blk, Lck,
Hck, Fgr, and Lyn show a limited expression pattern.
Length = 261
Score = 33.4 bits (77), Expect = 0.061
Identities = 14/30 (46%), Positives = 24/30 (80%), Gaps = 3/30 (10%)
Query: 10 RLGRKIGSGSFGDIYLGT-NISTGEEVAIK 38
+L RK+G+G FG++++GT N +T +VA+K
Sbjct: 9 KLERKLGAGQFGEVWMGTWNGTT--KVAVK 36
>gnl|CDD|132985 cd06654, STKc_PAK1, Catalytic domain of the Protein
Serine/Threonine Kinase, p21-activated kinase 1.
Serine/threonine kinases (STKs), p21-activated kinase
(PAK) 1, catalytic (c) domain. STKs catalyze the
transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to
serine/threonine residues on protein substrates. The
PAK subfamily is part of a larger superfamily that
includes the catalytic domains of other protein STKs,
protein tyrosine kinases, RIO kinases, aminoglycoside
phosphotransferase, choline kinase, and
phosphoinositide 3-kinase. PAKs are Rho family
GTPase-regulated kinases that serve as important
mediators in the function of Cdc42 (cell division cycle
42) and Rac. PAKs from higher eukaryotes are classified
into two groups (I and II), according to their
biochemical and structural features. PAK1 belongs to
group I. Group I PAKs contain a PBD (p21-binding
domain) overlapping with an AID (autoinhibitory
domain), a C-terminal catalytic domain, SH3 binding
sites and a non-classical SH3 binding site for PIX
(PAK-interacting exchange factor). PAK1 is important in
the regulation of many cellular processes including
cytoskeletal dynamics, cell motility, growth, and
proliferation. Although PAK1 has been regarded mainly
as a cytosolic protein, recent reports indicate that
PAK1 also exists in significant amounts in the nucleus,
where it is involved in transcription modulation and in
cell cycle regulatory events. PAK1 is also involved in
transformation and tumorigenesis. Its overexpression,
hyperactivation and increased nuclear accumulation is
correlated to breast cancer invasiveness and
progression. Nuclear accumulation is also linked to
tamoxifen resistance in breast cancer cells.
Length = 296
Score = 33.5 bits (76), Expect = 0.065
Identities = 14/31 (45%), Positives = 21/31 (67%)
Query: 8 KYRLGRKIGSGSFGDIYLGTNISTGEEVAIK 38
KY KIG G+ G +Y +++TG+EVAI+
Sbjct: 21 KYTRFEKIGQGASGTVYTAMDVATGQEVAIR 51
>gnl|CDD|133171 cd05039, PTKc_Csk_like, Catalytic domain of C-terminal Src
kinase-like Protein Tyrosine Kinases. Protein Tyrosine
Kinase (PTK) family; C-terminal Src kinase (Csk)
subfamily; catalytic (c) domain. The Csk subfamily is
composed of Csk, Chk, and similar proteins. The PTKc
family is part of a larger superfamily that includes
the catalytic domains of other kinases such as protein
serine/threonine kinases, RIO kinases, and
phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). PTKs catalyze the
transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to
tyrosine (tyr) residues in protein substrates. Csk
subfamily kinases are cytoplasmic (or nonreceptor) tyr
kinases containing the Src homology domains, SH3 and
SH2, N-terminal to the catalytic tyr kinase domain.
They negatively regulate the activity of Src kinases
that are anchored to the plasma membrane. To inhibit
Src kinases, Csk and Chk are translocated to the
membrane via binding to specific transmembrane
proteins, G-proteins, or adaptor proteins near the
membrane. Csk catalyzes the tyr phosphorylation of the
regulatory C-terminal tail of Src kinases, resulting in
their inactivation. Chk inhibit Src kinases using a
noncatalytic mechanism by simply binding to them. As
negative regulators of Src kinases, Csk and Chk play
important roles in cell proliferation, survival, and
differentiation, and consequently, in cancer
development and progression.
Length = 256
Score = 33.1 bits (76), Expect = 0.072
Identities = 16/33 (48%), Positives = 21/33 (63%), Gaps = 4/33 (12%)
Query: 11 LGRKIGSGSFGDIYLGTNISTGEEVAIKLECIK 43
LG IG G FGD+ LG G++VA+K C+K
Sbjct: 10 LGATIGKGEFGDVMLGD--YRGQKVAVK--CLK 38
>gnl|CDD|173747 cd07852, STKc_MAPK15, Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine
Kinase, Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 15.
Serine/Threonine Kinases (STKs), Mitogen-Activated
Protein Kinase 15 (MAPK15) subfamily, catalytic (c)
domain. STKs catalyze the transfer of the
gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to serine/threonine
residues on protein substrates. The MAPK15 subfamily is
part of a larger superfamily that includes the
catalytic domains of other protein STKs, protein
tyrosine kinases, RIO kinases, aminoglycoside
phosphotransferase, choline kinase, and
phosphoinositide 3-kinase. MAPKs are important
mediators of cellular responses to extracellular
signals. Human MAPK15 is also called Extracellular
signal Regulated Kinase 8 (ERK8) while the rat protein
is called ERK7. ERK7 and ERK8 display both similar and
different biochemical properties. They
autophosphorylate and activate themselves and do not
require upstream activating kinases. ERK7 is
constitutively active and is not affected by
extracellular stimuli whereas ERK8 shows low basal
activity and is activated by DNA-damaging agents. ERK7
and ERK8 also have different substrate profiles. Genome
analysis shows that they are orthologs with similar
gene structures. ERK7 and ERK 8 may be involved in the
signaling of some nuclear receptor transcription
factors. ERK7 regulates hormone-dependent degradation
of estrogen receptor alpha while ERK8 down-regulates
the transcriptional co-activation androgen and
glucocorticoid receptors.
Length = 337
Score = 33.3 bits (77), Expect = 0.089
Identities = 11/37 (29%), Positives = 22/37 (59%)
Query: 2 ELRVGNKYRLGRKIGSGSFGDIYLGTNISTGEEVAIK 38
+ + KY + +K+G G++G ++ + T E VA+K
Sbjct: 2 DKHILRKYEILQKLGKGAYGIVWKAIDRRTKEVVALK 38
>gnl|CDD|132966 cd06635, STKc_TAO1, Catalytic domain of the Protein
Serine/Threonine Kinase, Thousand-and-one amino acids
1. Serine/threonine kinases (STKs), thousand-and-one
amino acids 1 (TAO1) subfamily, catalytic (c) domain.
STKs catalyze the transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl
group from ATP to serine/threonine residues on protein
substrates. The TAO subfamily is part of a larger
superfamily that includes the catalytic domains of
other protein STKs, protein tyrosine kinases, RIO
kinases, aminoglycoside phosphotransferase, choline
kinase, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase. TAO proteins
possess mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) kinase
kinase (MAPKKK or MAP3K or MKKK) activity. MAPK
signaling cascades are important in mediating cellular
responses to extracellular signals. TAO1 is sometimes
referred to as prostate-derived sterile 20-like kinase
2 (PSK2). TAO1 activates the p38 MAPK through direct
interaction with and activation of MEK3. TAO1 is highly
expressed in the brain and may play a role in neuronal
apoptosis. TAO1 interacts with the checkpoint proteins
BubR1 and Mad2, and plays an important role in
regulating mitotic progression, which is required for
both chromosome congression and checkpoint-induced
anaphase delay. TAO1 may play a role in protecting
genomic stability.
Length = 317
Score = 32.8 bits (74), Expect = 0.11
Identities = 14/26 (53%), Positives = 18/26 (69%)
Query: 13 RKIGSGSFGDIYLGTNISTGEEVAIK 38
R+IG GSFG +Y ++ T E VAIK
Sbjct: 31 REIGHGSFGAVYFARDVRTNEVVAIK 56
>gnl|CDD|143333 cd05118, STKc_CMGC, Catalytic domain of CMGC family
Serine/Threonine Kinases. Serine/Threonine Kinases
(STKs), CMGC family, catalytic (c) domain. STKs
catalyze the transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group
from ATP to serine/threonine residues on protein
substrates. The CMGC family is part of a larger
superfamily that includes the catalytic domains of
other protein STKs, protein tyrosine kinases, RIO
kinases, aminoglycoside phosphotransferase, choline
kinase, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase. The CMGC family
consists of Cyclin-Dependent protein Kinases (CDKs),
Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) such as
Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERKs), c-Jun
N-terminal kinases (JNKs), and p38, and similar
proteins. CDKs belong to a large subfamily of STKs that
are regulated by their cognate cyclins. Together, they
are involved in the control of cell-cycle progression,
transcription, and neuronal function. MAPKs serve as
important mediators of cellular responses to
extracellular signals. They control critical cellular
functions including differentiation, proliferation,
migration, and apoptosis. They are also implicated in
the pathogenesis of many diseases including multiple
types of cancer, stroke, diabetes, and chronic
inflammation.
Length = 283
Score = 32.7 bits (75), Expect = 0.11
Identities = 13/26 (50%), Positives = 17/26 (65%)
Query: 13 RKIGSGSFGDIYLGTNISTGEEVAIK 38
KIG G++G +Y + TGE VAIK
Sbjct: 5 GKIGEGTYGVVYKARDKLTGEIVAIK 30
>gnl|CDD|132986 cd06655, STKc_PAK2, Catalytic domain of the Protein
Serine/Threonine Kinase, p21-activated kinase 2.
Serine/threonine kinases (STKs), p21-activated kinase
(PAK) 2, catalytic (c) domain. STKs catalyze the
transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to
serine/threonine residues on protein substrates. The
PAK subfamily is part of a larger superfamily that
includes the catalytic domains of other protein STKs,
protein tyrosine kinases, RIO kinases, aminoglycoside
phosphotransferase, choline kinase, and
phosphoinositide 3-kinase. PAKs are Rho family
GTPase-regulated kinases that serve as important
mediators in the function of Cdc42 (cell division cycle
42) and Rac. PAKs from higher eukaryotes are classified
into two groups (I and II), according to their
biochemical and structural features. PAK2 belongs to
group I. Group I PAKs contain a PBD (p21-binding
domain) overlapping with an AID (autoinhibitory
domain), a C-terminal catalytic domain, SH3 binding
sites and a non-classical SH3 binding site for PIX
(PAK-interacting exchange factor). PAK2 plays a role in
pro-apoptotic signaling. It is cleaved and activated by
caspases leading to morphological changes during
apoptosis. PAK2 is also activated in response to a
variety of stresses including DNA damage,
hyperosmolarity, serum starvation, and contact
inhibition, and may play a role in coordinating the
stress response. PAK2 also contributes to cancer cell
invasion through a mechanism distinct from that of
PAK1.
Length = 296
Score = 32.8 bits (74), Expect = 0.12
Identities = 14/31 (45%), Positives = 21/31 (67%)
Query: 8 KYRLGRKIGSGSFGDIYLGTNISTGEEVAIK 38
KY KIG G+ G ++ +++TG+EVAIK
Sbjct: 20 KYTRYEKIGQGASGTVFTAIDVATGQEVAIK 50
>gnl|CDD|173749 cd07855, STKc_ERK5, Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine
Kinase, Extracellular signal-Regulated Kinase 5.
Serine/Threonine Kinases (STKs), Extracellular
signal-Regulated Kinase 5 (ERK5) subfamily, catalytic
(c) domain. STKs catalyze the transfer of the
gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to serine/threonine
residues on protein substrates. The ERK5 subfamily is
part of a larger superfamily that includes the
catalytic domains of other protein STKs, protein
tyrosine kinases, RIO kinases, aminoglycoside
phosphotransferase, choline kinase, and
phosphoinositide 3-kinase. MAPKs are important
mediators of cellular responses to extracellular
signals. ERK5, also called Big MAPK1 (BMK1) or MAPK7,
has a unique C-terminal extension, making it
approximately twice as big as other MAPKs. This
extension contains transcriptional activation
capability which is inhibited by the N-terminal half.
ERK5 is activated in response to growth factors and
stress by a cascade that leads to its phosphorylation
by the MAP2K MEK5, which in turn is regulated by the
MAP3Ks MEKK2 and MEKK3. Activated ERK5 phosphorylates
its targets including myocyte enhancer factor 2 (MEF2),
Sap1a, c-Myc, and RSK. It plays a role in EGF-induced
cell proliferation during the G1/S phase transition.
Studies on knockout mice revealed that ERK5 is
essential for cardiovascular development and plays an
important role in angiogenesis. It is also critical for
neural differentiation and survival. The ERK5 pathway
has been implicated in the pathogenesis of many
diseases including cancer, cardiac hypertrophy, and
atherosclerosis.
Length = 334
Score = 32.7 bits (75), Expect = 0.12
Identities = 13/35 (37%), Positives = 23/35 (65%)
Query: 4 RVGNKYRLGRKIGSGSFGDIYLGTNISTGEEVAIK 38
VG++Y+ IGSG++G + + +G++VAIK
Sbjct: 2 DVGSRYKPIENIGSGAYGVVCSAIDTRSGKKVAIK 36
>gnl|CDD|132982 cd06651, STKc_MEKK3, Catalytic domain of the Protein
Serine/Threonine Kinase, MAP/ERK kinase kinase 3.
Serine/threonine kinases (STKs), MAP/ERK kinase kinase
3 (MEKK3) subfamily, catalytic (c) domain. STKs
catalyze the transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group
from ATP to serine/threonine residues on protein
substrates. The MEKK3 subfamily is part of a larger
superfamily that includes the catalytic domains of
other protein STKs, protein tyrosine kinases, RIO
kinases, aminoglycoside phosphotransferase, choline
kinase, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase. MEKK3 is a
mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) kinase kinase
(MAPKKK or MKKK or MAP3K), that phosphorylates and
activates the MAPK kinase MEK5 (or MKK5), which in turn
phosphorylates and activates extracellular
signal-regulated kinase 5 (ERK5). The ERK5 cascade
plays roles in promoting cell proliferation,
differentiation, neuronal survival, and
neuroprotection. MEKK3 plays an essential role in
embryonic angiogenesis and early heart development. In
addition, MEKK3 is involved in interleukin-1 receptor
and Toll-like receptor 4 signaling. It is also a
specific regulator of the proinflammatory cytokines
IL-6 and GM-CSF in some immune cells. MEKK3 also
regulates calcineurin, which plays a critical role in T
cell activation, apoptosis, skeletal myocyte
differentiation, and cardiac hypertrophy.
Length = 266
Score = 32.7 bits (74), Expect = 0.13
Identities = 13/30 (43%), Positives = 21/30 (70%)
Query: 9 YRLGRKIGSGSFGDIYLGTNISTGEEVAIK 38
+R G+ +G G+FG +YL ++ TG E+A K
Sbjct: 4 WRRGKLLGQGAFGRVYLCYDVDTGRELAAK 33
>gnl|CDD|173730 cd06624, STKc_ASK, Catalytic domain of the Protein
Serine/Threonine Kinase, Apoptosis signal-regulating
kinase. Serine/threonine kinases (STKs), Apoptosis
signal-regulating kinase (ASK) subfamily, catalytic (c)
domain. STKs catalyze the transfer of the
gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to serine/threonine
residues on protein substrates. The ASK subfamily is
part of a larger superfamily that includes the
catalytic domains of other protein STKs, protein
tyrosine kinases, RIO kinases, aminoglycoside
phosphotransferase, choline kinase, and
phosphoinositide 3-kinase. Subfamily members are
mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) kinase kinases
(MAPKKKs or MKKKs or MAP3Ks) and include ASK1, ASK2,
and MAPKKK15. MAPKKKs phosphorylate and activate MAPK
kinases (MAPKKs or MKKs or MAP2Ks), which in turn
phosphorylate and activate MAPKs during signaling
cascades that are important in mediating cellular
responses to extracellular signals. ASK1 (also called
MAPKKK5) functions in the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)
and p38 MAPK signaling pathways by directly activating
their respective MAPKKs, MKK4/MKK7 and MKK3/MKK6. It
plays important roles in cytokine and stress responses,
as well as in reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated
cellular responses. ASK1 is implicated in various
diseases mediated by oxidative stress including
inschemic heart disease, hypertension, vessel injury,
brain ischemia, Fanconi anemia, asthma, and pulmonary
edema, among others. ASK2 (also called MAPKKK6)
functions only in a heteromeric complex with ASK1, and
can activate ASK1 by direct phosphorylation. The
function of MAPKKK15 is still unknown.
Length = 268
Score = 32.1 bits (73), Expect = 0.16
Identities = 24/81 (29%), Positives = 41/81 (50%), Gaps = 4/81 (4%)
Query: 15 IGSGSFGDIYLGTNISTGEEVAIK-LECIKTRHPQ-LHIESKIYKLMQGGVGIPQIKWCG 72
+G G++G +Y ++ST +AIK + +R+ Q LH E ++ ++ I Q
Sbjct: 16 LGKGTYGIVYAARDLSTQVRIAIKEIPERDSRYVQPLHEEIALHSYLKHR-NIVQYLGSD 74
Query: 73 SEGDYNVMVMELL-GPSLEDL 92
SE + + ME + G SL L
Sbjct: 75 SENGFFKIFMEQVPGGSLSAL 95
>gnl|CDD|133187 cd05056, PTKc_FAK, Catalytic domain of the Protein Tyrosine
Kinase, Focal Adhesion Kinase. Protein Tyrosine Kinase
(PTK) family; Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK); catalytic
(c) domain. The PTKc family is part of a larger
superfamily that includes the catalytic domains of
other kinases such as protein serine/threonine kinases,
RIO kinases, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). PTKs
catalyze the transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group
from ATP to tyrosine (tyr) residues in protein
substrates. FAK is a cytoplasmic (or nonreceptor) tyr
kinase that contains an autophosphorylation site and a
FERM domain at the N-terminus, a central tyr kinase
domain, proline-rich regions, and a C-terminal FAT
(focal adhesion targeting) domain. FAK activity is
dependent on integrin-mediated cell adhesion, which
facilitates N-terminal autophosphorylation. Full
activation is achieved by the phosphorylation of its
two adjacent A-loop tyrosines. FAK is important in
mediating signaling initiated at sites of cell
adhesions and at growth factor receptors. Through
diverse molecular interactions, FAK functions as a
biosensor or integrator to control cell motility. It is
a key regulator of cell survival, proliferation,
migration and invasion, and thus plays an important
role in the development and progression of cancer. Src
binds to autophosphorylated FAK forming the FAK-Src
dual kinase complex, which is activated in a wide
variety of tumor cells and generates signals promoting
growth and metastasis. FAK is being developed as a
target for cancer therapy.
Length = 270
Score = 32.4 bits (74), Expect = 0.16
Identities = 16/31 (51%), Positives = 19/31 (61%), Gaps = 3/31 (9%)
Query: 11 LGRKIGSGSFGDIYLGTNISTGEE---VAIK 38
LGR IG G FGD+Y G +S E VA+K
Sbjct: 10 LGRCIGEGQFGDVYQGVYMSPENEKIAVAVK 40
>gnl|CDD|132965 cd06634, STKc_TAO2, Catalytic domain of the Protein
Serine/Threonine Kinase, Thousand-and-one amino acids
2. Serine/threonine kinases (STKs), thousand-and-one
amino acids 2 (TAO2) subfamily, catalytic (c) domain.
STKs catalyze the transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl
group from ATP to serine/threonine residues on protein
substrates. The TAO subfamily is part of a larger
superfamily that includes the catalytic domains of
other protein STKs, protein tyrosine kinases, RIO
kinases, aminoglycoside phosphotransferase, choline
kinase, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase. TAO proteins
possess mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) kinase
kinase (MAPKKK or MAP3K or MKKK) activity. MAPK
signaling cascades are important in mediating cellular
responses to extracellular signals. Human TAO2 is also
known as prostate-derived Ste20-like kinase (PSK) and
was identified in a screen for overexpressed RNAs in
prostate cancer. TAO2 activates both p38 and c-Jun
N-terminal kinase (JNK), by phosphorylating and
activating the respective MAP/ERK kinases (MEKs, also
known as MKKs or MAPKKs), MEK3/MEK6 and MKK4/MKK7. TAO2
contains a long C-terminal extension with
autoinhibitory segments. It is activated by the release
of this inhibition and the phosphorylation of its
activation loop serine. TAO2 functions as a regulator
of actin cytoskeletal and microtubule organization. In
addition, it regulates the transforming growth
factor-activated kinase 1 (TAK1), which is a MAPKKK
that plays an essential role in the signaling pathways
of tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin 1 (IL-1),
and Toll-like receptor (TLR).
Length = 308
Score = 32.3 bits (73), Expect = 0.16
Identities = 13/26 (50%), Positives = 17/26 (65%)
Query: 13 RKIGSGSFGDIYLGTNISTGEEVAIK 38
R+IG GSFG +Y ++ E VAIK
Sbjct: 21 REIGHGSFGAVYFARDVRNSEVVAIK 46
>gnl|CDD|173757 cd08217, STKc_Nek2, Catalytic domain of the Protein
Serine/Threonine Kinase, Never In Mitosis gene
A-related kinase 2. Serine/Threonine Kinases (STKs),
Never In Mitosis gene A (NIMA)-related kinase 2 (Nek2)
subfamily, catalytic (c) domain. STKs catalyze the
transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to
serine/threonine residues on protein substrates. The
Nek2 subfamily is one of a family of 11 different Neks
(Nek1-11) that are involved in cell cycle control. The
Nek family is part of a larger superfamily that
includes the catalytic domains of other protein STKs,
protein tyrosine kinases, RIO kinases, aminoglycoside
phosphotransferase, choline kinase, and
phosphoinositide 3-kinase. The Nek2 subfamily includes
Aspergillus nidulans NIMA kinase, the founding member
of the Nek family, which was identified in a screen for
cell cycle mutants prevented from entering mitosis.
NIMA is essential for mitotic entry and progression
through mitosis, and its degradation is essential for
mitotic exit. NIMA is involved in nuclear membrane
fission. Vertebrate Nek2 is a cell cycle-regulated STK,
localized in centrosomes and kinetochores, that
regulates centrosome splitting at the G2/M phase. It
also interacts with other mitotic kinases such as
Polo-like kinase 1 and may play a role in spindle
checkpoint. An increase in the expression of the human
NEK2 gene is strongly associated with the progression
of non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
Length = 265
Score = 31.8 bits (73), Expect = 0.25
Identities = 10/31 (32%), Positives = 14/31 (45%)
Query: 8 KYRLGRKIGSGSFGDIYLGTNISTGEEVAIK 38
Y + IG GSFG + S G+ + K
Sbjct: 1 DYEVLETIGKGSFGTVRKVRRKSDGKILVWK 31
>gnl|CDD|173670 cd05579, STKc_MAST_like, Catalytic domain of
Microtubule-associated serine/threonine kinase-like
proteins. Serine/Threonine Kinases (STKs),
Microtubule-associated serine/threonine (MAST) kinase
subfamily, catalytic (c) domain. STKs catalyze the
transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to
serine/threonine residues on protein substrates. The
MAST kinase subfamily is part of a larger superfamily
that includes the catalytic domains of other protein
STKs, protein tyrosine kinases, RIO kinases,
aminoglycoside phosphotransferase, choline kinase, and
phosphoinositide 3-kinase. The MAST kinase subfamily
includes MAST kinases, MAST-like (MASTL) kinases, and
fungal kinases with similarity to Saccharomyces
cerevisiae Rim15 and Schizosaccharomyces pombe cek1.
MAST kinases contain an N-terminal domain of unknown
function, a central catalytic domain, and a C-terminal
PDZ domain that mediates protein-protein interactions.
MASTL kinases carry only a catalytic domain which
contains a long insert relative to other kinases. The
fungal kinases in this subfamily harbor other domains
in addition to a central catalytic domain, which also
contains an insert relative to MAST kinases like MASTL.
Rim15 contains a C-terminal signal receiver (REC)
domain while cek1 contains an N-terminal PAS domain.
MAST kinases are cytoskeletal associated kinases of
unknown function that are also expressed at
neuromuscular junctions and postsynaptic densities. The
fungal proteins Rim15 and cek1 are involved in the
regulation of meiosis and mitosis, respectively.
Length = 265
Score = 31.4 bits (72), Expect = 0.26
Identities = 10/24 (41%), Positives = 15/24 (62%)
Query: 15 IGSGSFGDIYLGTNISTGEEVAIK 38
I G++G ++L STG+ AIK
Sbjct: 1 ISKGAYGRVFLAKKKSTGDIYAIK 24
>gnl|CDD|173629 cd05041, PTKc_Fes_like, Catalytic domain of Fes-like Protein
Tyrosine Kinases. Protein Tyrosine Kinase (PTK)
family; Fes subfamily; catalytic (c) domain. Fes
subfamily members include Fes (or Fps), Fer, and
similar proteins. The PTKc family is part of a larger
superfamily that includes the catalytic domains of
other kinases such as protein serine/threonine kinases,
RIO kinases, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). PTKs
catalyze the transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group
from ATP to tyrosine (tyr) residues in protein
substrates. Fes subfamily proteins are cytoplasmic (or
nonreceptor) tyr kinases containing an N-terminal
region with FCH (Fes/Fer/CIP4 homology) and coiled-coil
domains, followed by a SH2 domain, and a C-terminal
catalytic domain. The genes for Fes (feline sarcoma)
and Fps (Fujinami poultry sarcoma) were first isolated
from tumor-causing retroviruses. The viral oncogenes
encode chimeric Fes proteins consisting of Gag
sequences at the N-termini, resulting in unregulated
tyr kinase activity. Fes and Fer kinases play roles in
haematopoiesis, inflammation and immunity, growth
factor signaling, cytoskeletal regulation, cell
migration and adhesion, and the regulation of cell-cell
interactions. Fes and Fer show redundancy in their
biological functions.
Length = 251
Score = 31.3 bits (71), Expect = 0.31
Identities = 19/50 (38%), Positives = 24/50 (48%), Gaps = 7/50 (14%)
Query: 13 RKIGSGSFGDIYLGTNISTGEEVAIKLECIKTRHPQLHIESKIYKLMQGG 62
KIG G+FGD+Y G + EVA+K C T P L K +Q
Sbjct: 1 EKIGKGNFGDVYKGV-LKGNTEVAVK-TCRSTLPPDLKR-----KFLQEA 43
>gnl|CDD|143344 cd07839, STKc_CDK5, Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine
Kinase, Cyclin-Dependent protein Kinase 5.
Serine/Threonine Kinases (STKs), Cyclin-Dependent
protein Kinase 5 (CDK5) subfamily, catalytic (c)
domain. STKs catalyze the transfer of the
gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to serine/threonine
residues on protein substrates. The CDK5 subfamily is
part of a larger superfamily that includes the
catalytic domains of other protein STKs, protein
tyrosine kinases, RIO kinases, aminoglycoside
phosphotransferase, choline kinase, and
phosphoinositide 3-kinase. CDKs belong to a large
family of STKs that are regulated by their cognate
cyclins. Together, they are involved in the control of
cell-cycle progression, transcription, and neuronal
function. CDK5 is unusual in that it is regulated by
non-cyclin proteins, p35 and p39. It is highly
expressed in the nervous system and is critical in
normal neural development and function. It plays a role
in neuronal migration and differentiation, and is also
important in synaptic plasticity and learning. CDK5
also participates in protecting against cell death and
promoting angiogenesis. Impaired CDK5 activity is
implicated in Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral
sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease
and acute neuronal injury.
Length = 284
Score = 31.2 bits (71), Expect = 0.32
Identities = 13/31 (41%), Positives = 18/31 (58%)
Query: 8 KYRLGRKIGSGSFGDIYLGTNISTGEEVAIK 38
KY KIG G++G ++ N T E VA+K
Sbjct: 1 KYEKLEKIGEGTYGTVFKAKNRETHEIVALK 31
>gnl|CDD|132973 cd06642, STKc_STK25-YSK1, Catalytic domain of the Protein
Serine/Threonine Kinase, STK25 or Yeast
Sps1/Ste20-related kinase 1. Serine/threonine kinases
(STKs), STK25 subfamily, catalytic (c) domain. STKs
catalyze the transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group
from ATP to serine/threonine residues on protein
substrates. The STK25 subfamily is part of a larger
superfamily that includes the catalytic domains of
other protein STKs, protein tyrosine kinases, RIO
kinases, aminoglycoside phosphotransferase, choline
kinase, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase. STK25 is also
called Ste20/oxidant stress response kinase 1 (SOK1) or
yeast Sps1/Ste20-related kinase 1 (YSK1). STK25 is
localized in the Golgi apparatus through its
interaction with the Golgi matrix protein GM130. It may
play a role in the regulation of cell migration and
polarization. STK25 binds and phosphorylates CCM3
(cerebral cavernous malformation 3), also called PCD10
(programmed cell death 10), and may play a role in
apoptosis. Human STK25 is a candidate gene responsible
for pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism (PPHP), a disease
that shares features with the Albright hereditary
osteodystrophy (AHO) phenotype.
Length = 277
Score = 31.2 bits (70), Expect = 0.32
Identities = 14/26 (53%), Positives = 19/26 (73%)
Query: 14 KIGSGSFGDIYLGTNISTGEEVAIKL 39
+IG GSFG++Y G + T E VAIK+
Sbjct: 11 RIGKGSFGEVYKGIDNRTKEVVAIKI 36
>gnl|CDD|143342 cd07837, STKc_CdkB_plant, Catalytic domain of the
Serine/Threonine Kinase, Plant B-type Cyclin-Dependent
protein Kinase. Serine/Threonine Kinases (STKs), Plant
B-type Cyclin-Dependent protein Kinase (CdkB)
subfamily, catalytic (c) domain. STKs catalyze the
transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to
serine/threonine residues on protein substrates. The
CdkB subfamily is part of a larger superfamily that
includes the catalytic domains of other protein STKs,
protein tyrosine kinases, RIO kinases, aminoglycoside
phosphotransferase, choline kinase, and
phosphoinositide 3-kinase. CDKs belong to a large
family of STKs that are regulated by their cognate
cyclins. Together, they are involved in the control of
cell-cycle progression, transcription, and neuronal
function. The plant-specific B-type CDKs are expressed
from the late S to the M phase of the cell cycle. They
are characterized by the cyclin binding motif
PPT[A/T]LRE. They play a role in controlling mitosis
and integrating developmental pathways, such as stomata
and leaf development. CdkB has been shown to associate
with both cyclin B, which controls G2/M transition, and
cyclin D, which acts as a mediator in linking
extracellular signals to the cell cycle.
Length = 295
Score = 31.3 bits (71), Expect = 0.33
Identities = 15/39 (38%), Positives = 23/39 (58%), Gaps = 4/39 (10%)
Query: 7 NKYRLGRKIGSGSFGDIYLGTNISTGEEVAIKLECIKTR 45
+ Y KIG G++G +Y + +TG+ VA+K KTR
Sbjct: 1 DAYEKLEKIGEGTYGKVYKARDKNTGKLVALK----KTR 35
>gnl|CDD|173752 cd07861, STKc_CDK1_euk, Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine
Kinase, Cyclin-Dependent protein Kinase 1 from higher
eukaryotes-like. Serine/Threonine Kinases (STKs),
Cyclin-Dependent protein Kinase 1 (CDK1) subfamily,
catalytic (c) domain. STKs catalyze the transfer of the
gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to serine/threonine
residues on protein substrates. The CDK1 subfamily is
part of a larger superfamily that includes the
catalytic domains of other protein STKs, protein
tyrosine kinases, RIO kinases, aminoglycoside
phosphotransferase, choline kinase, and
phosphoinositide 3-kinase. CDKs belong to a large
family of STKs that are regulated by their cognate
cyclins. Together, they are involved in the control of
cell-cycle progression, transcription, and neuronal
function. This subfamily is composed of CDK1 from
higher eukaryotes. CDK1 is also called Cell division
control protein 2 (Cdc2) or p34 protein kinase, and is
regulated by cyclins A, B, and E. The CDK1/cyclin A
complex controls G2 phase entry and progression.
CDK1/cyclin A2 has also been implicated as an important
regulator of S phase events. The CDK1/cyclin B complex
is critical for G2 to M phase transition. It induces
mitosis by activating nuclear enzymes that regulate
chromatin condensation, nuclear membrane degradation,
mitosis-specific microtubule and cytoskeletal
reorganization. CDK1 also associates with cyclin E and
plays a role in the entry into S phase. CDK1
transcription is stable throughout the cell cycle but
is modulated in some pathological conditions. It may
play a role in regulating apoptosis under these
conditions. In breast cancer cells, HER2 can mediate
apoptosis by inactivating CDK1. Activation of CDK1 may
contribute to HIV-1 induced apoptosis and neuronal
apoptosis in neurodegenerative diseases.
Length = 285
Score = 31.2 bits (71), Expect = 0.35
Identities = 13/25 (52%), Positives = 18/25 (72%)
Query: 14 KIGSGSFGDIYLGTNISTGEEVAIK 38
KIG G++G +Y G N TG+ VA+K
Sbjct: 7 KIGEGTYGVVYKGRNKKTGQIVAMK 31
>gnl|CDD|143354 cd07849, STKc_ERK1_2_like, Catalytic domain of Extracellular
signal-Regulated Kinase 1 and 2-like Serine/Threonine
Kinases. Serine/Threonine Kinases (STKs),
Extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2)
and Fus3 subfamily, catalytic (c) domain. STKs catalyze
the transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to
serine/threonine residues on protein substrates. This
ERK1/2-like subfamily is part of a larger superfamily
that includes the catalytic domains of other protein
STKs, protein tyrosine kinases, RIO kinases,
aminoglycoside phosphotransferase, choline kinase, and
phosphoinositide 3-kinase. This subfamily is composed
of the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) ERK1,
ERK2, baker's yeast Fus3, and similar proteins. MAPK
pathways are important mediators of cellular responses
to extracellular signals. ERK1/2 activation is
preferentially by mitogenic factors, differentiation
stimuli, and cytokines, through a kinase cascade
involving the MAPK kinases MEK1/2 and a MAPK kinase
kinase from the Raf family. ERK1/2 have numerous
substrates, many of which are nuclear and participate
in transcriptional regulation of many cellular
processes. They regulate cell growth, cell
proliferation, and cell cycle progression from G1 to S
phase. Although the distinct roles of ERK1 and ERK2
have not been fully determined, it is known that ERK2
can maintain most functions in the absence of ERK1, and
that the deletion of ERK2 is embryonically lethal. The
MAPK, Fus3, regulates yeast mating processes including
mating-specific gene expression, G1 arrest, mating
projection, and cell fusion.
Length = 336
Score = 31.1 bits (71), Expect = 0.36
Identities = 14/34 (41%), Positives = 21/34 (61%)
Query: 5 VGNKYRLGRKIGSGSFGDIYLGTNISTGEEVAIK 38
VG +Y+ IG G++G + T+ TG +VAIK
Sbjct: 3 VGPRYQNLSYIGEGAYGMVCSATHKPTGVKVAIK 36
>gnl|CDD|143363 cd07858, STKc_TEY_MAPK_plant, Catalytic domain of the
Serine/Threonine Kinases, TEY Mitogen-Activated Protein
Kinases from Plants. Serine/Threonine Kinases (STKs),
Plant TEY Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK)
subfamily, catalytic (c) domain. STKs catalyze the
transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to
serine/threonine residues on protein substrates. The
TEY MAPK subfamily is part of a larger superfamily that
includes the catalytic domains of other protein STKs,
protein tyrosine kinases, RIO kinases, aminoglycoside
phosphotransferase, choline kinase, and
phosphoinositide 3-kinase. MAPKs are important
mediators of cellular responses to extracellular
signals. In plants, MAPKs are associated with
physiological, developmental, hormonal, and stress
responses. Some plants show numerous gene duplications
of MAPKs. Arabidopsis thaliana harbors at least 20
MAPKs, named AtMPK1-20. There are two subtypes of plant
MAPKs based on the conserved phosphorylation motif
present in the activation loop, TEY and TDY. This
subfamily represents the TEY subtype and is further
subdivided into three groups (A, B, and C). Group A is
represented by AtMPK3, AtMPK6, Nicotiana tabacum BTF4
(NtNTF4), among others. They are mostly involved in
environmental and hormonal responses. AtMPK3 and
AtMPK6 are also key regulators for stomatal development
and patterning. Group B is represented by AtMPK4,
AtMPK13, and NtNTF6, among others. They may be involved
in both cell division and environmental stress
response. AtMPK4 also participates in regulating innate
immunity. Group C is represented by AtMPK1, AtMPK2,
NtNTF3, Oryza sativa MAPK4 (OsMAPK4), among others.
They may also be involved in stress responses. AtMPK1
and AtMPK2 are activated following mechanical injury
and in the presence of stress chemicals such as
jasmonic acid, hydrogen peroxide and abscisic acid.
OsMAPK4 is also called OsMSRMK3 for Multiple
Stress-Responsive MAPK3.
Length = 337
Score = 31.2 bits (71), Expect = 0.38
Identities = 14/34 (41%), Positives = 19/34 (55%)
Query: 5 VGNKYRLGRKIGSGSFGDIYLGTNISTGEEVAIK 38
V KY + IG G++G + N T E+VAIK
Sbjct: 3 VDTKYVPIKPIGRGAYGIVCSAKNSETNEKVAIK 36
>gnl|CDD|132979 cd06648, STKc_PAK_II, Catalytic domain of the Protein
Serine/Threonine Kinase, Group II p21-activated kinase.
Serine/threonine kinases (STKs), p21-activated kinase
(PAK) subfamily, Group II, catalytic (c) domain. STKs
catalyze the transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group
from ATP to serine/threonine residues on protein
substrates. The PAK subfamily is part of a larger
superfamily that includes the catalytic domains of
other protein STKs, protein tyrosine kinases, RIO
kinases, aminoglycoside phosphotransferase, choline
kinase, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase. PAKs are Rho
family GTPase-regulated kinases that serve as important
mediators in the function of Cdc42 (cell division cycle
42) and Rac. PAKs from higher eukaryotes are classified
into two groups (I and II), according to their
biochemical and structural features. Group II PAKs,
also called non-conventional PAKs, include PAK4, PAK5,
and PAK6. Group II PAKs contain PBD (p21-binding
domain) and catalytic domains, but lack other motifs
found in group I PAKs, such as an AID (autoinhibitory
domain) and SH3 binding sites. Since group II PAKs do
not contain an obvious AID, they may be regulated
differently from group I PAKs. While group I PAKs
interact with the SH3 containing proteins Nck, Grb2 and
PIX, no such binding has been demonstrated for group II
PAKs. Some known substrates of group II PAKs are also
substrates of group I PAKs such as Raf, BAD, LIMK and
GEFH1. Unique group II substrates include MARK/Par-1
and PDZ-RhoGEF. Group II PAKs play important roles in
filopodia formation, neuron extension, cytoskeletal
organization, and cell survival.
Length = 285
Score = 31.3 bits (71), Expect = 0.39
Identities = 14/33 (42%), Positives = 20/33 (60%), Gaps = 2/33 (6%)
Query: 8 KYRLGR--KIGSGSFGDIYLGTNISTGEEVAIK 38
+ L KIG GS G + + T+ STG +VA+K
Sbjct: 18 RSYLDNFVKIGEGSTGIVCIATDKSTGRQVAVK 50
>gnl|CDD|133214 cd05083, PTKc_Chk, Catalytic domain of the Protein Tyrosine Kinase,
Csk homologous kinase. Protein Tyrosine Kinase (PTK)
family; Csk homologous kinase (Chk); catalytic (c)
domain. The PTKc family is part of a larger superfamily
that includes the catalytic domains of other kinases
such as protein serine/threonine kinases, RIO kinases,
and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). PTKs catalyze the
transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to
tyrosine (tyr) residues in protein substrates. Csk
subfamily kinases are cytoplasmic (or nonreceptor) tyr
kinases containing the Src homology domains, SH3 and
SH2, N-terminal to the catalytic tyr kinase domain. They
negatively regulate the activity of Src kinases that are
anchored to the plasma membrane. Chk is also referred to
as megakaryocyte-associated tyrosine kinase (Matk). To
inhibit Src kinases, Chk is translocated to the membrane
via binding to specific transmembrane proteins,
G-proteins, or adaptor proteins near the membrane. Chk
inhibit Src kinases using a noncatalytic mechanism by
simply binding to them. As a negative regulator of Src
kinases, Chk may play important roles in cell
proliferation, survival, and differentiation, and
consequently, in cancer development and progression. Chk
is expressed in brain and hematopoietic cells. Studies
in mice reveal that Chk is not functionally redundant
with Csk and that it plays an important role as a
regulator of immune responses. Chk also plays a role in
neural differentiation in a manner independent of Src by
enhancing Mapk activation via Ras-mediated signaling.
Length = 254
Score = 31.1 bits (70), Expect = 0.39
Identities = 42/143 (29%), Positives = 66/143 (46%), Gaps = 14/143 (9%)
Query: 8 KYRLGRKIGSGSFGDIYLGTNISTGEEVAIK-LECIKTRHPQLHIESKIYKLMQGGVGIP 66
K LG IG G FG + G TG++VA+K ++C T L + + KL + +
Sbjct: 7 KLTLGEIIGEGEFGAVLQGE--YTGQKVAVKNIKCDVTAQAFLEETAVMTKLHHKNL-VR 63
Query: 67 QIKWCGSEGDYNVMVMELLGPSLEDLFNFC-SR-RFSLKTVLLLADQLSITAPGIIDQEQ 124
+ G Y +VMEL+ S +L NF +R R + + LL L + A G+ E
Sbjct: 64 LLGVILHNGLY--IVMELM--SKGNLVNFLRTRGRALVSVIQLLQFSLDV-AEGMEYLES 118
Query: 125 KSVM---VVGTNISTGEEVAIKL 144
K ++ + NI E+ K+
Sbjct: 119 KKLVHRDLAARNILVSEDGVAKV 141
>gnl|CDD|132954 cd06623, PKc_MAPKK_plant_like, Catalytic domain of Plant
dual-specificity MAP kinase kinases and similar
proteins. Protein kinases (PKs), MAP kinase kinase
(MAPKK) subfamily, Plant MAPKKs and similar proteins,
catalytic (c) domain. PKs catalyze the transfer of the
gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to serine/threonine or
tyrosine residues on protein substrates. The MAPKK
subfamily is part of a larger superfamily that includes
the catalytic domains of other protein serine/threonine
kinases, protein tyrosine kinases, RIO kinases,
aminoglycoside phosphotransferase, choline kinase, and
phosphoinositide 3-kinase. The mitogen-activated
protein (MAP) kinase signaling pathways are important
mediators of cellular responses to extracellular
signals. The pathways involve a triple kinase core
cascade comprising of the MAP kinase (MAPK), which is
phosphorylated and activated by a MAPK kinase (MAPKK or
MKK), which itself is phosphorylated and activated by a
MAPK kinase kinase (MAPKKK or MKKK). Members of this
group include MAPKKs from plants, kinetoplastids,
alveolates, and mycetozoa. The MAPKK, LmxPK4, from
Leishmania mexicana, is important in differentiation
and virulence. Dictyostelium discoideum MEK1 is
required for proper chemotaxis. MEK1 null mutants
display severe defects in cell polarization and
directional movement. Plants contain multiple MAPKKs
like other eukaryotes. The Arabidopsis genome encodes
for 10 MAPKKs while poplar and rice contain 13 MAPKKs
each. The functions of these proteins have not been
fully elucidated. There is evidence to suggest that
MAPK cascades are involved in plant stress responses.
In Arabidopsis, MKK3 plays a role in pathogen
signaling, MKK2 is involved in cold and salt stress
signaling, MKK4/MKK5 participates in innate immunity,
and MKK7 regulates basal and systemic acquired
resistance.
Length = 264
Score = 30.6 bits (70), Expect = 0.46
Identities = 9/29 (31%), Positives = 15/29 (51%)
Query: 10 RLGRKIGSGSFGDIYLGTNISTGEEVAIK 38
+ +G GS G +Y + TG+ A+K
Sbjct: 4 ERVKVLGQGSSGVVYKVRHKPTGKIYALK 32
>gnl|CDD|173702 cd05611, STKc_Rim15_like, Catalytic domain of fungal Rim15-like
Protein Serine/Threonine Kinases. Serine/Threonine
Kinases (STKs), Microtubule-associated serine/threonine
(MAST) kinase subfamily, fungal Rim15-like kinases,
catalytic (c) domain. STKs catalyze the transfer of the
gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to serine/threonine
residues on protein substrates. The MAST kinase
subfamily is part of a larger superfamily that includes
the catalytic domains of other protein STKs, protein
tyrosine kinases, RIO kinases, aminoglycoside
phosphotransferase, choline kinase, and
phosphoinositide 3-kinase. Members of this group
include Saccharomyces cerevisiae Rim15,
Schizosaccharomyces pombe cek1, and similar fungal
proteins. They contain a central catalytic domain,
which contains an insert relative to MAST kinases. In
addition, Rim15 contains a C-terminal signal receiver
(REC) domain while cek1 contains an N-terminal PAS
domain. Rim15 (or Rim15p) functions as a regulator of
meiosis. It acts as a downstream effector of PKA and
regulates entry into stationary phase (G0). Thus, it
plays a crucial role in regulating yeast proliferation,
differentiation, and aging. Cek1 may facilitate
progression of mitotic anaphase.
Length = 260
Score = 30.9 bits (70), Expect = 0.47
Identities = 21/78 (26%), Positives = 34/78 (43%), Gaps = 5/78 (6%)
Query: 13 RKIGSGSFGDIYLGTNISTGEEVAIKL-----ECIKTRHPQLHIESKIYKLMQGGVGIPQ 67
+ I G+FG +YL STG+ AIK+ K + + E I + + +
Sbjct: 2 KPISKGAFGSVYLAKKRSTGDYFAIKVLKKSDMIAKNQVTNVKAERAIMMIQGESPYVAK 61
Query: 68 IKWCGSEGDYNVMVMELL 85
+ + DY +VME L
Sbjct: 62 LYYSFQSKDYLYLVMEYL 79
>gnl|CDD|173744 cd07847, STKc_CDKL1_4, Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine
Kinases, Cyclin-Dependent protein Kinase Like 1 and 4.
Serine/Threonine Kinases (STKs), Cyclin-dependent
protein kinase like 1 (CDKL1) and CDKL4 subfamily,
catalytic (c) domain. STKs catalyze the transfer of the
gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to serine/threonine
residues on protein substrates. The CDKL1 and CDKL4
subfamily is part of a larger superfamily that includes
the catalytic domains of other protein STKs, protein
tyrosine kinases, RIO kinases, aminoglycoside
phosphotransferase, choline kinase, and
phosphoinositide 3-kinase. CDKs belong to a large
family of STKs that are regulated by their cognate
cyclins. Together, they are involved in the control of
cell-cycle progression, transcription, and neuronal
function. CDKL1, also called p42 KKIALRE, is a glial
protein that is upregulated in gliosis. It is present
in neuroblastoma and A431 human carcinoma cells, and
may be implicated in neoplastic transformation. The
function of CDKL4 is unknown.
Length = 286
Score = 30.8 bits (70), Expect = 0.51
Identities = 15/31 (48%), Positives = 19/31 (61%)
Query: 8 KYRLGRKIGSGSFGDIYLGTNISTGEEVAIK 38
KY KIG GS+G ++ N TG+ VAIK
Sbjct: 2 KYEKLSKIGEGSYGVVFKCRNRETGQIVAIK 32
>gnl|CDD|240167 cd05144, RIO2_C, RIO kinase family; RIO2, C-terminal catalytic
domain. The RIO kinase catalytic domain family is part
of a larger superfamily, that includes the catalytic
domains of other kinases such as the typical
serine/threonine/tyrosine protein kinases (PKs),
aminoglycoside phosphotransferase, choline kinase, and
phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). RIO kinases are
atypical protein serine kinases containing a kinase
catalytic signature, but otherwise show very little
sequence similarity to typical PKs. Serine kinases
catalyze the transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group
from ATP to serine residues in protein substrates. The
RIO catalytic domain is truncated compared to the
catalytic domains of typical PKs, with deletions of the
loops responsible for substrate binding. RIO2 is
present in archaea and eukaryotes. It contains an
N-terminal winged helix (wHTH) domain and a C-terminal
RIO kinase catalytic domain. The wHTH domain is
primarily seen in DNA-binding proteins, although some
wHTH domains may be involved in RNA recognition. RIO2
is essential for survival and is necessary for rRNA
cleavage during 40S ribosomal subunit maturation. The
biological substrates of RIO2 are still unknown.
Length = 198
Score = 30.6 bits (70), Expect = 0.52
Identities = 12/31 (38%), Positives = 16/31 (51%), Gaps = 1/31 (3%)
Query: 9 YRLGRKIGSGSFGDIYLGTNISTGEEVAIKL 39
LG +IG G D+YL + G VA+K
Sbjct: 17 ESLGNQIGVGKESDVYLALD-PDGNPVALKF 46
>gnl|CDD|173751 cd07860, STKc_CDK2_3, Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine
Kinases, Cyclin-Dependent protein Kinase 2 and 3.
Serine/Threonine Kinases (STKs), Cyclin-dependent
protein kinase 2 (CDK2) and CDK3 subfamily, catalytic
(c) domain. STKs catalyze the transfer of the
gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to serine/threonine
residues on protein substrates. The CDK2/3 subfamily is
part of a larger superfamily that includes the
catalytic domains of other protein STKs, protein
tyrosine kinases, RIO kinases, aminoglycoside
phosphotransferase, choline kinase, and
phosphoinositide 3-kinase. CDKs belong to a large
family of STKs that are regulated by their cognate
cyclins. Together, they are involved in the control of
cell-cycle progression, transcription, and neuronal
function. CDK2 is regulated by cyclin E or cyclin A.
Upon activation by cyclin E, it phosphorylates the
retinoblastoma (pRb) protein which activates E2F
mediated transcription and allows cells to move into S
phase. The CDK2/cyclin A complex plays a role in
regulating DNA replication. CDK2, together with CDK4,
also regulates embryonic cell proliferation. Despite
these important roles, mice deleted for the cdk2 gene
are viable and normal except for being sterile. This
may be due to compensation provided by CDK1 (also
called Cdc2), which can also bind cyclin E and drive
the G1 to S phase transition. CDK3 is regulated by
cyclin C and it phosphorylates pRB specifically during
the G0/G1 transition. This phosphorylation is required
for cells to exit G0 efficiently and enter the G1
phase.
Length = 284
Score = 30.5 bits (69), Expect = 0.54
Identities = 13/25 (52%), Positives = 17/25 (68%)
Query: 14 KIGSGSFGDIYLGTNISTGEEVAIK 38
KIG G++G +Y N TGE VA+K
Sbjct: 7 KIGEGTYGVVYKARNKLTGEVVALK 31
>gnl|CDD|133248 cd05148, PTKc_Srm_Brk, Catalytic domain of the Protein Tyrosine
Kinases, Srm and Brk. Protein Tyrosine Kinase (PTK)
family; Src-related kinase lacking C-terminal
regulatory tyrosine and N-terminal myristylation sites
(Srm) and breast tumor kinase (Brk, also called protein
tyrosine kinase 6); catalytic (c) domains. The PTKc
family is part of a larger superfamily that includes
the catalytic domains of other kinases such as protein
serine/threonine kinases, RIO kinases, and
phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). PTKs catalyze the
transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to
tyrosine (tyr) residues in protein substrates. Srm and
Brk are a member of the Src subfamily of proteins,
which are cytoplasmic (or non-receptor) tyr kinases.
Src kinases in general contain an N-terminal SH4 domain
with a myristoylation site, followed by SH3 and SH2
domains, a tyr kinase domain, and a regulatory
C-terminal region containing a conserved tyr; they are
activated by autophosphorylation at the tyr kinase
domain, but are negatively regulated by phosphorylation
at the C-terminal tyr by Csk (C-terminal Src Kinase).
Srm and Brk however, lack the N-terminal myristylation
sites. Src proteins are involved in signaling pathways
that regulate cytokine and growth factor responses,
cytoskeleton dynamics, cell proliferation, survival,
and differentiation. Brk has been found to be
overexpressed in a majority of breast tumors.
Length = 261
Score = 30.5 bits (69), Expect = 0.55
Identities = 13/31 (41%), Positives = 19/31 (61%), Gaps = 1/31 (3%)
Query: 9 YRLGRKIGSGSFGDIYLGTNISTGEEVAIKL 39
+ L RK+GSG FG+++ G VAIK+
Sbjct: 8 FTLERKLGSGYFGEVWEGL-WKNRVRVAIKI 37
>gnl|CDD|143364 cd07859, STKc_TDY_MAPK_plant, Catalytic domain of the
Serine/Threonine Kinases, TDY Mitogen-Activated Protein
Kinases from Plants. Serine/Threonine Kinases (STKs),
Plant TDY Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK)
subfamily, catalytic (c) domain. STKs catalyze the
transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to
serine/threonine residues on protein substrates. The
TDY MAPK subfamily is part of a larger superfamily that
includes the catalytic domains of other protein STKs,
protein tyrosine kinases, RIO kinases, aminoglycoside
phosphotransferase, choline kinase, and
phosphoinositide 3-kinase. MAPKs are important
mediators of cellular responses to extracellular
signals. In plants, MAPKs are associated with
physiological, developmental, hormonal, and stress
responses. Some plants show numerous gene duplications
of MAPKs. Arabidopsis thaliana harbors at least 20
MAPKs, named AtMPK1-20. Oryza sativa contains at least
17 MAPKs. There are two subtypes of plant MAPKs based
on the conserved phosphorylation motif present in the
activation loop, TEY and TDY. Arabidopsis thaliana
contains more TEY-type MAPKs than TDY-type, whereas the
reverse is true for Oryza sativa. This subfamily
represents the TDY subtype and is composed of Group D
plant MAPKs including Arabidopsis thaliana MPK18
(AtMPK18), Oryza sativa Blast- and Wound-induced MAPK1
(OsBWMK1), OsWJUMK1 (Wound- and JA-Uninducible MAPK1),
Zea mays MPK6, and the Medicago sativa TDY1 gene
product. OsBWMK1 enhances resistance to pathogenic
infections. It mediates stress-activated defense
responses by activating a transcription factor that
affects the expression of stress-related genes. AtMPK18
is involved in microtubule-related functions.
Length = 338
Score = 30.5 bits (69), Expect = 0.56
Identities = 13/31 (41%), Positives = 20/31 (64%)
Query: 8 KYRLGRKIGSGSFGDIYLGTNISTGEEVAIK 38
+Y++ IG GS+G + + TGE+VAIK
Sbjct: 1 RYKIQEVIGKGSYGVVCSAIDTHTGEKVAIK 31
>gnl|CDD|143356 cd07851, STKc_p38, Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine
Kinase, p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase.
Serine/Threonine Kinases (STKs), p38 subfamily,
catalytic (c) domain. STKs catalyze the transfer of the
gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to serine/threonine
residues on protein substrates. The p38 subfamily is
part of a larger superfamily that includes the
catalytic domains of other protein STKs, protein
tyrosine kinases, RIO kinases, aminoglycoside
phosphotransferase, choline kinase, and
phosphoinositide 3-kinase. p38 kinases are
mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), serving as
important mediators of cellular responses to
extracellular signals. They function in the regulation
of the cell cycle, cell development, cell
differentiation, senescence, tumorigenesis, apoptosis,
pain development and pain progression, and immune
responses. p38 kinases are activated by the MAPK
kinases MKK3 and MKK6, which in turn are activated by
upstream MAPK kinase kinases including TAK1, ASK1, and
MLK3, in response to cellular stresses or inflammatory
cytokines. p38 substrates include other protein kinases
and factors that regulate transcription, nuclear
export, mRNA stability and translation. p38 kinases are
drug targets for the inflammatory diseases psoriasis,
rheumatoid arthritis, and chronic pulmonary disease.
Vertebrates contain four isoforms of p38, named alpha,
beta, gamma, and delta, which show varying substrate
specificity and expression patterns. p38alpha and
p38beta are ubiquitously expressed, p38gamma is
predominantly found in skeletal muscle, and p38delta is
found in the heart, lung, testis, pancreas, and small
intestine.
Length = 343
Score = 30.7 bits (70), Expect = 0.57
Identities = 12/34 (35%), Positives = 21/34 (61%)
Query: 5 VGNKYRLGRKIGSGSFGDIYLGTNISTGEEVAIK 38
V ++Y+ +GSG++G + + TG +VAIK
Sbjct: 13 VPDRYQNLSPVGSGAYGQVCSAFDTKTGRKVAIK 46
>gnl|CDD|173765 cd08225, STKc_Nek5, Catalytic domain of the Protein
Serine/Threonine Kinase, Never In Mitosis gene
A-related kinase 5. Serine/Threonine Kinases (STKs),
Never In Mitosis gene A (NIMA)-related kinase 5 (Nek5)
subfamily, catalytic (c) domain. STKs catalyze the
transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to
serine/threonine residues on protein substrates. The
Nek5 subfamily is one of a family of 11 different Neks
(Nek1-11). The Nek family is part of a larger
superfamily that includes the catalytic domains of
other protein STKs, protein tyrosine kinases, RIO
kinases, aminoglycoside phosphotransferase, choline
kinase, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase. Neks are
involved in the regulation of downstream processes
following the activation of Cdc2, and many of their
functions are cell cycle-related. They play critical
roles in microtubule dynamics during ciliogenesis and
mitosis. The specific function of Nek5 is unknown.
Length = 257
Score = 30.3 bits (68), Expect = 0.70
Identities = 15/31 (48%), Positives = 18/31 (58%)
Query: 8 KYRLGRKIGSGSFGDIYLGTNISTGEEVAIK 38
+Y + +KIG GSFG IYL S E IK
Sbjct: 1 RYEIIKKIGEGSFGKIYLAKAKSDSEHCVIK 31
>gnl|CDD|183880 PRK13184, pknD, serine/threonine-protein kinase; Reviewed.
Length = 932
Score = 30.5 bits (69), Expect = 0.74
Identities = 11/31 (35%), Positives = 17/31 (54%)
Query: 8 KYRLGRKIGSGSFGDIYLGTNISTGEEVAIK 38
+Y + R IG G G++YL + VA+K
Sbjct: 3 RYDIIRLIGKGGMGEVYLAYDPVCSRRVALK 33
>gnl|CDD|173666 cd05575, STKc_SGK, Catalytic domain of the Protein
Serine/Threonine Kinase, Serum- and
Glucocorticoid-induced Kinase. Serine/Threonine
Kinases (STKs), Serum- and Glucocorticoid-induced
Kinase (SGK) subfamily, catalytic (c) domain. STKs
catalyze the transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group
from ATP to serine/threonine residues on protein
substrates. The SGK subfamily is part of a larger
superfamily that includes the catalytic domains of
other protein STKs, protein tyrosine kinases, RIO
kinases, aminoglycoside phosphotransferase, choline
kinase, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase. There are three
isoforms of SGK, named SGK1, SGK2, and SGK3 (also
called cytokine-independent survival kinase CISK). SGKs
are activated by insulin and growth factors via
phosphoinositide 3-kinase and PDK1. They activate ion
channels, ion carriers, and the Na-K-ATPase, as well as
regulate the activity of enzymes and transcription
factors. SGKs play important roles in transport,
hormone release, neuroexcitability, cell proliferation,
and apoptosis.
Length = 323
Score = 30.1 bits (68), Expect = 0.75
Identities = 14/40 (35%), Positives = 22/40 (55%), Gaps = 3/40 (7%)
Query: 15 IGSGSFGDIYLGTNISTGEEVAIKL---ECIKTRHPQLHI 51
IG GSFG + L + + G+ A+K+ + I + Q HI
Sbjct: 3 IGKGSFGKVLLAKHKADGKFYAVKVLQKKAILKKKEQKHI 42
>gnl|CDD|132967 cd06636, STKc_MAP4K4_6, Catalytic domain of the Protein
Serine/Threonine Kinases, Mitogen-Activated Protein
Kinase Kinase Kinase Kinase 4 and 6. Serine/threonine
kinases (STKs), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)
kinase kinase kinase 4 (MAPKKKK4 or MAP4K4) and
MAPKKKK6 (or MAP4K6) subfamily, catalytic (c) domain.
STKs catalyze the transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl
group from ATP to serine/threonine residues on protein
substrates. The MAP4K4/MAP4K6 subfamily is part of a
larger superfamily that includes the catalytic domains
of other protein STKs, protein tyrosine kinases, RIO
kinases, aminoglycoside phosphotransferase, choline
kinase, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase. Members of this
subfamily contain an N-terminal catalytic domain and a
C-terminal citron homology (CNH) regulatory domain.
MAP4Ks (or MAPKKKKs) are involved in MAPK signaling
pathways that are important in mediating cellular
responses to extracellular signals by activating a MAPK
kinase kinase (MAPKKK or MAP3K or MKKK). Each MAPK
cascade is activated either by a small GTP-binding
protein or by an adaptor protein, which transmits the
signal either directly to a MAP3K to start the triple
kinase core cascade or indirectly through a mediator
kinase, a MAP4K. MAP4K4 is also called Nck Interacting
kinase (NIK). It facilitates the activation of the
MAPKs, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1,
ERK2, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), by
phosphorylating and activating MEKK1. MAP4K4 plays a
role in tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha-induced
insulin resistance. MAP4K4 silencing in skeletal muscle
cells from type II diabetic patients restores
insulin-mediated glucose uptake. MAP4K4, through JNK,
also plays a broad role in cell motility, which impacts
inflammation, homeostasis, as well as the invasion and
spread of cancer. MAP4K4 is found to be highly
expressed in most tumor cell lines relative to normal
tissue. MAP4K6 (also called MINK for
Misshapen/NIKs-related kinase) is activated after Ras
induction and mediates activation of p38 MAPK. MAP4K6
plays a role in cell cycle arrest, cytoskeleton
organization, cell adhesion, and cell motility.
Length = 282
Score = 30.0 bits (67), Expect = 0.81
Identities = 11/31 (35%), Positives = 21/31 (67%)
Query: 9 YRLGRKIGSGSFGDIYLGTNISTGEEVAIKL 39
+ L +G+G++G +Y G ++ TG+ AIK+
Sbjct: 18 FELVEVVGNGTYGQVYKGRHVKTGQLAAIKV 48
>gnl|CDD|132968 cd06637, STKc_TNIK, Catalytic domain of the Protein
Serine/Threonine Kinase, Traf2- and Nck-interacting
kinase. Serine/threonine kinases (STKs), Traf2- and
Nck-interacting kinase (TNIK) subfamily, catalytic (c)
domain. STKs catalyze the transfer of the
gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to serine/threonine
residues on protein substrates. The TNIK subfamily is
part of a larger superfamily that includes the
catalytic domains of other protein STKs, protein
tyrosine kinases, RIO kinases, aminoglycoside
phosphotransferase, choline kinase, and
phosphoinositide 3-kinase. Members of this subfamily
contain an N-terminal catalytic domain and a C-terminal
citron homology (CNH) regulatory domain, similar to
mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), kinase kinase
kinase 4 (MAP4K4), and MAP4K6. MAP4Ks participate in
some MAPK signaling pathways by activating a MAPK
kinase kinase (MAPKKK or MAP3K or MKKK). TNIK is an
effector of Rap2, a small GTP-binding protein from the
Ras family. TNIK specifically activates the c-Jun
N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway and plays a role in
regulating the actin cytoskeleton.
Length = 272
Score = 30.1 bits (67), Expect = 0.89
Identities = 11/31 (35%), Positives = 21/31 (67%)
Query: 9 YRLGRKIGSGSFGDIYLGTNISTGEEVAIKL 39
+ L +G+G++G +Y G ++ TG+ AIK+
Sbjct: 8 FELVELVGNGTYGQVYKGRHVKTGQLAAIKV 38
>gnl|CDD|140289 PTZ00263, PTZ00263, protein kinase A catalytic subunit;
Provisional.
Length = 329
Score = 29.8 bits (67), Expect = 1.0
Identities = 15/37 (40%), Positives = 23/37 (62%), Gaps = 2/37 (5%)
Query: 9 YRLGRKIGSGSFGDIYLGTNISTGEEVAIKLECIKTR 45
+ +G +G+GSFG + + + TGE AIK C+K R
Sbjct: 20 FEMGETLGTGSFGRVRIAKHKGTGEYYAIK--CLKKR 54
>gnl|CDD|173671 cd05580, STKc_PKA, Catalytic domain of the Protein
Serine/Threonine Kinase, cAMP-dependent protein kinase.
Serine/Threonine Kinases (STKs), cAMP-dependent
protein kinase (PKA) subfamily, catalytic (c) subunit.
STKs catalyze the transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl
group from ATP to serine/threonine residues on protein
substrates. The PKA subfamily is part of a larger
superfamily that includes the catalytic domains of
other protein STKs, protein tyrosine kinases, RIO
kinases, aminoglycoside phosphotransferase, choline
kinase, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). This
subfamily is composed of the cAMP-dependent proteins
kinases, PKA and PRKX. The inactive PKA holoenzyme is a
heterotetramer composed of two phosphorylated and
active catalytic (C) subunits with a dimer of
regulatory (R) subunits. Activation is achieved through
the binding of the important second messenger cAMP to
the R subunits, which leads to the dissociation of PKA
into the R dimer and two active C subunits. PKA is
present ubiquitously in cells and interacts with many
different downstream targets. It plays a role in the
regulation of diverse processes such as growth,
development, memory, metabolism, gene expression,
immunity, and lipolysis.
Length = 290
Score = 29.8 bits (68), Expect = 1.0
Identities = 9/30 (30%), Positives = 18/30 (60%)
Query: 9 YRLGRKIGSGSFGDIYLGTNISTGEEVAIK 38
+ + +G+GSFG + L + +G+ A+K
Sbjct: 3 FEFIKTLGTGSFGRVMLVRHKGSGKYYALK 32
>gnl|CDD|132972 cd06641, STKc_MST3, Catalytic domain of the Protein
Serine/Threonine Kinase, Mammalian Ste20-like protein
kinase 3. Serine/threonine kinases (STKs), mammalian
Ste20-like protein kinase 3 (MST3) subfamily, catalytic
(c) domain. STKs catalyze the transfer of the
gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to serine/threonine
residues on protein substrates. The MST3 subfamily is
part of a larger superfamily that includes the
catalytic domains of other protein STKs, protein
tyrosine kinases, RIO kinases, aminoglycoside
phosphotransferase, choline kinase, and
phosphoinositide 3-kinase. MST3 phosphorylates the STK
NDR and may play a role in cell cycle progression and
cell morphology. It may also regulate paxillin and
consequently, cell migration. MST3 is present in human
placenta, where it plays an essential role in the
oxidative stress-induced apoptosis of trophoblasts in
normal spontaneous delivery. Dysregulation of
trophoblast apoptosis may result in pregnancy
complications such as preeclampsia and intrauterine
growth retardation.
Length = 277
Score = 29.7 bits (66), Expect = 1.3
Identities = 13/26 (50%), Positives = 19/26 (73%)
Query: 14 KIGSGSFGDIYLGTNISTGEEVAIKL 39
KIG GSFG+++ G + T + VAIK+
Sbjct: 11 KIGKGSFGEVFKGIDNRTQKVVAIKI 36
>gnl|CDD|173738 cd07835, STKc_CDK1_like, Catalytic domain of Cyclin-Dependent
protein Kinase 1-like Serine/Threonine Kinases.
Serine/Threonine Kinases (STKs), Cyclin-Dependent
protein Kinase 1 (CDK1)-like subfamily, catalytic (c)
domain. STKs catalyze the transfer of the
gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to serine/threonine
residues on protein substrates. The CDK1 subfamily is
part of a larger superfamily that includes the
catalytic domains of other protein STKs, protein
tyrosine kinases, RIO kinases, aminoglycoside
phosphotransferase, choline kinase, and
phosphoinositide 3-kinase. CDKs belong to a large
family of STKs that are regulated by their cognate
cyclins. Together, they are involved in the control of
cell-cycle progression, transcription, and neuronal
function. This subfamily is composed of CDK1 from
higher eukaryotes, plants, and yeasts, as well as CDK2
and CDK3. CDK1 is also called Cell division control
protein 2 (Cdc2) or p34 protein kinase, and is
regulated by cyclins A, B, and E. The CDK1/cyclin A
complex controls G2 phase entry and progression while
the CDK1/cyclin B complex is critical for G2 to M phase
transition. CDK2 is regulated by cyclin E or cyclin A.
Upon activation by cyclin E, it phosphorylates the
retinoblastoma (pRb) protein which activates E2F
mediated transcription and allows cells to move into S
phase. The CDK2/cyclin A complex plays a role in
regulating DNA replication. Studies in knockout mice
revealed that CDK1 can compensate for the loss of the
cdk2 gene as it can also bind cyclin E and drive G1 to
S phase transition. CDK3 is regulated by cyclin C and
it phosphorylates pRB specifically during the G0/G1
transition. This phosphorylation is required for cells
to exit G0 efficiently and enter the G1 phase.
Length = 283
Score = 29.6 bits (67), Expect = 1.3
Identities = 12/25 (48%), Positives = 17/25 (68%)
Query: 14 KIGSGSFGDIYLGTNISTGEEVAIK 38
KIG G++G +Y + TGE VA+K
Sbjct: 6 KIGEGTYGVVYKARDKLTGEIVALK 30
>gnl|CDD|143384 cd07879, STKc_p38delta_MAPK13, Catalytic domain of the
Serine/Threonine Kinase, p38delta Mitogen-Activated
Protein Kinase. Serine/Threonine Kinases (STKs),
p38delta subfamily, catalytic (c) domain. STKs catalyze
the transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to
serine/threonine residues on protein substrates. The
p38delta subfamily is part of a larger superfamily that
includes the catalytic domains of other protein STKs,
protein tyrosine kinases, RIO kinases, aminoglycoside
phosphotransferase, choline kinase, and
phosphoinositide 3-kinase. p38 kinases are
mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), serving as
important mediators of cellular responses to
extracellular signals. They are activated by the MAPK
kinases MKK3 and MKK6, which in turn are activated by
upstream MAPK kinase kinases including TAK1, ASK1, and
MLK3, in response to cellular stresses or inflammatory
cytokines. Vertebrates contain four isoforms of p38,
named alpha, beta, gamma, and delta. p38delta, also
called MAPK13, is found in skeletal muscle, heart,
lung, testis, pancreas, and small intestine. It
regulates microtubule function by phosphorylating Tau.
It activates the c-jun promoter and plays a role in G2
cell cycle arrest. It also controls the degration of
c-Myb, which is associated with myeloid leukemia and
poor prognosis in colorectal cancer. p38delta is the
main isoform involved in regulating the differentiation
and apoptosis of keratinocytes.
Length = 342
Score = 29.5 bits (66), Expect = 1.3
Identities = 12/31 (38%), Positives = 21/31 (67%)
Query: 8 KYRLGRKIGSGSFGDIYLGTNISTGEEVAIK 38
+Y +++GSG++G + + TGE+VAIK
Sbjct: 16 RYTSLKQVGSGAYGSVCSAIDKRTGEKVAIK 46
>gnl|CDD|223554 COG0478, COG0478, RIO-like serine/threonine protein kinase fused to
N-terminal HTH domain [Signal transduction mechanisms].
Length = 304
Score = 29.6 bits (67), Expect = 1.4
Identities = 11/31 (35%), Positives = 17/31 (54%), Gaps = 1/31 (3%)
Query: 9 YRLGRKIGSGSFGDIYLGTNISTGEEVAIKL 39
+G KIG G D+Y+ + G +VA+K
Sbjct: 93 EAIGTKIGVGKESDVYVAID-PKGRKVAVKF 122
>gnl|CDD|133199 cd05068, PTKc_Frk_like, Catalytic domain of Fyn-related
kinase-like Protein Tyrosine Kinases. Protein Tyrosine
Kinase (PTK) family; Human Fyn-related kinase (Frk) and
similar proteins; catalytic (c) domain. The PTKc family
is part of a larger superfamily that includes the
catalytic domains of other kinases such as protein
serine/threonine kinases, RIO kinases, and
phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). PTKs catalyze the
transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to
tyrosine (tyr) residues in protein substrates. Frk and
Srk are members of the Src subfamily of proteins, which
are cytoplasmic (or non-receptor) tyr kinases. Src
kinases contain an N-terminal SH4 domain with a
myristoylation site, followed by SH3 and SH2 domains, a
tyr kinase domain, and a regulatory C-terminal region
containing a conserved tyr. They are activated by
autophosphorylation at the tyr kinase domain, but are
negatively regulated by phosphorylation at the
C-terminal tyr by Csk (C-terminal Src Kinase). Src
proteins are involved in signaling pathways that
regulate cytokine and growth factor responses,
cytoskeleton dynamics, cell proliferation, survival,
and differentiation. Frk, also known as Rak, is
specifically expressed in liver, lung, kidney,
intestine, mammary glands, and the islets of
Langerhans. Rodent homologs were previously referred to
as GTK (gastrointestinal tyr kinase), BSK (beta-cell
Src-like kinase), or IYK (intestinal tyr kinase).
Studies in mice reveal that Frk is not essential for
viability. It plays a role in the signaling that leads
to cytokine-induced beta-cell death in Type I diabetes.
It also regulates beta-cell number during embryogenesis
and early in life.
Length = 261
Score = 29.3 bits (66), Expect = 1.4
Identities = 13/30 (43%), Positives = 21/30 (70%), Gaps = 3/30 (10%)
Query: 10 RLGRKIGSGSFGDIYLGT-NISTGEEVAIK 38
+L RK+G+G FG+++ G N +T VA+K
Sbjct: 9 QLLRKLGAGQFGEVWEGLWNNTT--PVAVK 36
>gnl|CDD|173712 cd05622, STKc_ROCK1, Catalytic domain of the Protein
Serine/Threonine Kinase, Rho-associated coiled-coil
containing protein kinase 1. Serine/Threonine Kinases
(STKs), ROCK subfamily, ROCK1 (or ROK-beta) isoform,
catalytic (c) domain. STKs catalyze the transfer of the
gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to serine/threonine
residues on protein substrates. The ROCK subfamily is
part of a larger superfamily that includes the catalytic
domains of other protein STKs, protein tyrosine kinases,
RIO kinases, aminoglycoside phosphotransferase, choline
kinase, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase. ROCK contains an
N-terminal extension, a catalytic kinase domain, and a
C-terminal extension, which contains a coiled-coil
region encompassing a Rho-binding domain (RBD) and a
pleckstrin homology (PH) domain. ROCK is auto-inhibited
by the RBD and PH domain interacting with the catalytic
domain, and is activated via interaction with Rho
GTPases. ROCK1 is preferentially expressed in the liver,
lung, spleen, testes, and kidney. It mediates signaling
from Rho to the actin cytoskeleton. It is implicated in
the development of cardiac fibrosis, cardiomyocyte
apoptosis, and hyperglycemia. Mice deficient with ROCK1
display eyelids open at birth (EOB) and omphalocele
phenotypes due to the disorganization of actin filaments
in the eyelids and the umbilical ring.
Length = 371
Score = 29.6 bits (66), Expect = 1.4
Identities = 35/129 (27%), Positives = 54/129 (41%), Gaps = 16/129 (12%)
Query: 9 YRLGRKIGSGSFGDIYLGTNISTGEEVAIKL----ECIKTRHPQLHIESKIYKLMQGGVG 64
Y + + IG G+FG++ L + ST + A+KL E IK E +
Sbjct: 45 YEVVKVIGRGAFGEVQLVRHKSTRKVYAMKLLSKFEMIKRSDSAFFWEERDIMAFANSPW 104
Query: 65 IPQIKWCGSEGDYNVMVMELLGPSLEDLFNFCSR--------RFSLKTVLLLADQLSITA 116
+ Q+ + + Y MVME + DL N S RF V+L D +I +
Sbjct: 105 VVQLFYAFQDDRYLYMVMEYMPGG--DLVNLMSNYDVPEKWARFYTAEVVLALD--AIHS 160
Query: 117 PGIIDQEQK 125
G I ++ K
Sbjct: 161 MGFIHRDVK 169
>gnl|CDD|173739 cd07838, STKc_CDK4_6_like, Catalytic domain of Cyclin-Dependent
protein Kinase 4 and 6-like Serine/Threonine Kinases.
Serine/Threonine Kinases (STKs), Cyclin-dependent
protein kinase 4 (CDK4) and CDK6-like subfamily,
catalytic (c) domain. STKs catalyze the transfer of the
gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to serine/threonine
residues on protein substrates. The CDK4/6-like
subfamily is part of a larger superfamily that includes
the catalytic domains of other protein STKs, protein
tyrosine kinases, RIO kinases, aminoglycoside
phosphotransferase, choline kinase, and
phosphoinositide 3-kinase. CDKs belong to a large
family of STKs that are regulated by their cognate
cyclins. Together, they are involved in the control of
cell-cycle progression, transcription, and neuronal
function. CDK4 and CDK6 partner with D-type cyclins to
regulate the early G1 phase of the cell cycle. They are
the first kinase activated by mitogenic signals to
release cells from the G0 arrested state. CDK4 and CDK6
are both expressed ubiquitously, associate with all
three D cyclins (D1, D2 and D3), and phosphorylate the
retinoblastoma (pRb) protein. They are also regulated
by the INK4 family of inhibitors which associate with
either the CDK alone or the CDK/cyclin complex. CDK4
and CDK6 show differences in subcellular localization,
sensitivity to some inhibitors, timing in activation,
tumor selectivity, and possibly substrate profiles.
Although CDK4 and CDK6 seem to show some redundancy,
they also have discrete, nonoverlapping functions. CDK6
plays an important role in cell differentiation.
Length = 287
Score = 29.1 bits (66), Expect = 1.5
Identities = 11/30 (36%), Positives = 19/30 (63%)
Query: 9 YRLGRKIGSGSFGDIYLGTNISTGEEVAIK 38
Y +IG G++G +Y +++TG VA+K
Sbjct: 1 YEELAEIGEGAYGTVYKARDLNTGRFVALK 30
>gnl|CDD|240233 PTZ00024, PTZ00024, cyclin-dependent protein kinase; Provisional.
Length = 335
Score = 29.0 bits (65), Expect = 1.9
Identities = 12/39 (30%), Positives = 20/39 (51%), Gaps = 1/39 (2%)
Query: 1 MELRVGNKYR-LGRKIGSGSFGDIYLGTNISTGEEVAIK 38
M + +Y G +G G++G + + TG+ VAIK
Sbjct: 2 MSFSISERYIQKGAHLGEGTYGKVEKAYDTLTGKIVAIK 40
>gnl|CDD|173636 cd05057, PTKc_EGFR_like, Catalytic domain of Epidermal Growth
Factor Receptor-like Protein Tyrosine Kinases. Protein
Tyrosine Kinase (PTK) family; Epidermal Growth Factor
Receptor (EGFR) subfamily; catalytic (c) domain. EGFR
(HER, ErbB) subfamily members include EGFR (HER1,
ErbB1), HER2 (ErbB2), HER3 (ErbB3), HER4 (ErbB4), and
similar proteins. The PTKc family is part of a larger
superfamily that includes the catalytic domains of
other kinases such as protein serine/threonine kinases,
RIO kinases, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). PTKs
catalyze the transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group
from ATP to tyrosine (tyr) residues in protein
substrates. The EGFR proteins are receptor tyr kinases
(RTKs) containing an extracellular EGF-related
ligand-binding region, a transmembrane helix, and a
cytoplasmic region with a tyr kinase domain and a
regulatory C-terminal tail. Unlike other tyr kinases,
phosphorylation of the activation loop of EGFR proteins
is not critical to their activation. Instead, they are
activated by ligand-induced dimerization, resulting in
the phosphorylation of tyr residues in the C-terminal
tail, which serve as binding sites for downstream
signaling molecules. Collectively, they can recognize a
variety of ligands including EGF, TGFalpha, and
neuregulins, among others. All four subfamily members
can form homo- or heterodimers. HER3 contains an
impaired kinase domain and depends on its
heterodimerization partner for activation. EGFR
subfamily members are involved in signaling pathways
leading to a broad range of cellular responses
including cell proliferation, differentiation,
migration, growth inhibition, and apoptosis. Gain of
function alterations, through their overexpression,
deletions, or point mutations in their kinase domains,
have been implicated in various cancers. These
receptors are targets of many small molecule inhibitors
and monoclonal antibodies used in cancer therapy.
Length = 279
Score = 28.9 bits (65), Expect = 2.0
Identities = 14/35 (40%), Positives = 20/35 (57%), Gaps = 1/35 (2%)
Query: 10 RLGRKIGSGSFGDIYLGTNISTGEEVAIKLECIKT 44
+ +GSG+FG +Y G I GE+V I + IK
Sbjct: 10 EKIKVLGSGAFGTVYKGVWIPEGEKVKIPV-AIKV 43
>gnl|CDD|240158 cd05119, RIO, RIO kinase family, catalytic domain. The RIO kinase
catalytic domain family is part of a larger
superfamily, that includes the catalytic domains of
other kinases such as the typical
serine/threonine/tyrosine protein kinases (PKs),
aminoglycoside phosphotransferase, choline kinase, and
phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). RIO kinases are
atypical protein serine kinases present in archaea,
bacteria and eukaryotes. Serine kinases catalyze the
transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to
serine residues in protein substrates. RIO kinases
contain a kinase catalytic signature, but otherwise
show very little sequence similarity to typical PKs.
The RIO catalytic domain is truncated compared to the
catalytic domains of typical PKs, with deletions of the
loops responsible for substrate binding. Most organisms
contain at least two RIO kinases, RIO1 and RIO2. A
third protein, RIO3, is present in multicellular
eukaryotes. In yeast, RIO1 and RIO2 are essential for
survival. They function as non-ribosomal factors
necessary for late 18S rRNA processing. RIO1 is also
required for proper cell cycle progression and
chromosome maintenance. The biological substrates for
RIO kinases are still unknown.
Length = 187
Score = 28.6 bits (65), Expect = 2.1
Identities = 12/29 (41%), Positives = 18/29 (62%), Gaps = 1/29 (3%)
Query: 11 LGRKIGSGSFGDIYLGTNISTGEEVAIKL 39
+G IG+G D+YL + GE VA+K+
Sbjct: 1 VGGPIGTGKEADVYLALD-GDGEPVAVKI 28
>gnl|CDD|173691 cd05600, STKc_Sid2p_Dbf2p, Catalytic domain of Fungal Sid2p- and
Dbf2p-like Protein Serine/Threonine Kinases.
Serine/Threonine Kinases (STKs), ROCK- and NDR-like
subfamily, fungal Sid2p- and Dbf2p-like proteins,
catalytic (c) domain. STKs catalyze the transfer of the
gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to serine/threonine
residues on protein substrates. The Sid2p- and
Dbf2p-like group is part of a larger superfamily that
includes the catalytic domains of other protein STKs,
protein tyrosine kinases, RIO kinases, aminoglycoside
phosphotransferase, choline kinase, and
phosphoinositide 3-kinase. This group contains fungal
kinases including Schizosaccharomyces pombe Sid2p and
Saccharomyces cerevisiae Dbf2p. Group members show
similarity to NDR kinases in that they contain an
N-terminal regulatory (NTR) domain and an insert within
the catalytic domain that contains an auto-inhibitory
sequence. Sid2p plays a crucial role in the septum
initiation network (SIN) and in the initiation of
cytokinesis. Dbf2p is important in regulating the
mitotic exit network (MEN) and in cytokinesis.
Length = 333
Score = 28.9 bits (65), Expect = 2.4
Identities = 10/25 (40%), Positives = 16/25 (64%)
Query: 14 KIGSGSFGDIYLGTNISTGEEVAIK 38
++G G +G ++L TGE VA+K
Sbjct: 8 QVGQGGYGQVFLAKKKDTGEIVALK 32
>gnl|CDD|133213 cd05082, PTKc_Csk, Catalytic domain of the Protein Tyrosine
Kinase, C-terminal Src kinase. Protein Tyrosine Kinase
(PTK) family; C-terminal Src kinase (Csk); catalytic
(c) domain. The PTKc family is part of a larger
superfamily that includes the catalytic domains of
other kinases such as protein serine/threonine kinases,
RIO kinases, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). PTKs
catalyze the transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group
from ATP to tyrosine (tyr) residues in protein
substrates. The Csk subfamily kinases are cytoplasmic
(or nonreceptor) tyr kinases containing the Src
homology domains, SH3 and SH2, N-terminal to the
catalytic tyr kinase domain. They negatively regulate
the activity of Src kinases that are anchored to the
plasma membrane. To inhibit Src kinases, Csk is
translocated to the membrane via binding to specific
transmembrane proteins, G-proteins, or adaptor proteins
near the membrane. Csk catalyzes the tyr
phosphorylation of the regulatory C-terminal tail of
Src kinases, resulting in their inactivation. Csk is
expressed in a wide variety of tissues. As a negative
regulator of Src, Csk plays a role in cell
proliferation, survival, and differentiation, and
consequently, in cancer development and progression. In
addition, Csk also shows Src-independent functions. It
is a critical component in G-protein signaling, and
plays a role in cytoskeletal reorganization and cell
migration.
Length = 256
Score = 28.8 bits (64), Expect = 2.4
Identities = 16/34 (47%), Positives = 21/34 (61%), Gaps = 4/34 (11%)
Query: 10 RLGRKIGSGSFGDIYLGTNISTGEEVAIKLECIK 43
+L + IG G FGD+ LG G +VA+K CIK
Sbjct: 9 KLLQTIGKGEFGDVMLGDY--RGNKVAVK--CIK 38
>gnl|CDD|173764 cd08224, STKc_Nek6_Nek7, Catalytic domain of the Protein
Serine/Threonine Kinases, Never In Mitosis gene
A-related kinase 6 and 7. Serine/Threonine Kinases
(STKs), Never In Mitosis gene A (NIMA)-related kinase 6
(Nek6) and Nek7 subfamily, catalytic (c) domain. STKs
catalyze the transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group
from ATP to serine/threonine residues on protein
substrates. The Nek6/7 subfamily is part of a family of
11 different Neks (Nek1-11) that are involved in cell
cycle control. The Nek family is part of a larger
superfamily that includes the catalytic domains of
other protein STKs, protein tyrosine kinases, RIO
kinases, aminoglycoside phosphotransferase, choline
kinase, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase. Nek6 and Nek7
are the shortest Neks, consisting only of the catalytic
domain and a very short N-terminal extension. They show
distinct expression patterns and both appear to be
downstream substrates of Nek9. They are required for
mitotic spindle formation and cytokinesis. They may
also be regulators of the p70 ribosomal S6 kinase.
Length = 267
Score = 28.6 bits (64), Expect = 2.4
Identities = 10/32 (31%), Positives = 17/32 (53%)
Query: 7 NKYRLGRKIGSGSFGDIYLGTNISTGEEVAIK 38
+++ +KIG G F +Y + G VA+K
Sbjct: 2 GNFKIEKKIGKGQFSVVYKAICLLDGRVVALK 33
>gnl|CDD|173502 PTZ00266, PTZ00266, NIMA-related protein kinase; Provisional.
Length = 1021
Score = 28.9 bits (64), Expect = 2.6
Identities = 19/58 (32%), Positives = 32/58 (55%), Gaps = 4/58 (6%)
Query: 7 NKYRLGRKIGSGSFGDIYLGTNISTGEEV---AIKLECIKTRH-PQLHIESKIYKLMQ 60
N+Y + +KIG+G FG+++L + T E AI +K R QL IE + + ++
Sbjct: 13 NEYEVIKKIGNGRFGEVFLVKHKRTQEFFCWKAISYRGLKEREKSQLVIEVNVMRELK 70
>gnl|CDD|143341 cd07836, STKc_Pho85, Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine
Kinase, Fungal Cyclin-Dependent protein Kinase Pho85.
Serine/Threonine Kinases (STKs), Pho85 subfamily,
catalytic (c) domain. STKs catalyze the transfer of the
gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to serine/threonine
residues on protein substrates. The Pho85 subfamily is
part of a larger superfamily that includes the
catalytic domains of other protein STKs, protein
tyrosine kinases, RIO kinases, aminoglycoside
phosphotransferase, choline kinase, and
phosphoinositide 3-kinase. Pho85 is a multifunctional
Cyclin-Dependent protein Kinase (CDK) in yeast. CDKs
belong to a large family of STKs that are regulated by
their cognate cyclins. Together, they are involved in
the control of cell-cycle progression, transcription,
and neuronal function. Pho85 is regulated by 10
different cyclins (Pcls) and plays a role in G1
progression, cell polarity, phosphate and glycogen
metabolism, gene expression, and in signaling changes
in the environment. It is not essential for yeast
viability and is the functional homolog of mammalian
CDK5, which plays a role in central nervous system
development.
Length = 284
Score = 28.6 bits (64), Expect = 2.8
Identities = 12/25 (48%), Positives = 18/25 (72%)
Query: 14 KIGSGSFGDIYLGTNISTGEEVAIK 38
K+G G++ +Y G N +TGE VA+K
Sbjct: 7 KLGEGTYATVYKGRNRTTGEIVALK 31
>gnl|CDD|132971 cd06640, STKc_MST4, Catalytic domain of the Protein
Serine/Threonine Kinase, Mammalian Ste20-like protein
kinase 4. Serine/threonine kinases (STKs), mammalian
Ste20-like protein kinase 4 (MST4) subfamily, catalytic
(c) domain. STKs catalyze the transfer of the
gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to serine/threonine
residues on protein substrates. The MST4 subfamily is
part of a larger superfamily that includes the
catalytic domains of other protein STKs, protein
tyrosine kinases, RIO kinases, aminoglycoside
phosphotransferase, choline kinase, and
phosphoinositide 3-kinase. MST4 is sometimes referred
to as MASK (MST3 and SOK1-related kinase). It plays a
role in mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)
signaling during cytoskeletal rearrangement,
morphogenesis, and apoptosis. It influences cell growth
and transformation by modulating the extracellular
signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway. MST4 may also
play a role in tumor formation and progression. It
localizes in the Golgi apparatus by interacting with
the Golgi matrix protein GM130 and may play a role in
cell migration.
Length = 277
Score = 28.5 bits (63), Expect = 2.8
Identities = 25/77 (32%), Positives = 43/77 (55%), Gaps = 6/77 (7%)
Query: 14 KIGSGSFGDIYLGTNISTGEEVAIKLECIKTRHPQLH-IESKIYKLMQGGVGIPQI-KWC 71
+IG GSFG+++ G + T + VAIK+ ++ ++ I+ +I L Q P + K+
Sbjct: 11 RIGKGSFGEVFKGIDNRTQQVVAIKIIDLEEAEDEIEDIQQEITVLSQ--CDSPYVTKYY 68
Query: 72 GS--EGDYNVMVMELLG 86
GS +G ++ME LG
Sbjct: 69 GSYLKGTKLWIIMEYLG 85
>gnl|CDD|143338 cd07833, STKc_CDKL, Catalytic domain of Cyclin-Dependent protein
Kinase Like Serine/Threonine Kinases. Serine/Threonine
Kinases (STKs), Cyclin-dependent protein kinase like
(CDKL) subfamily, catalytic (c) domain. STKs catalyze
the transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to
serine/threonine residues on protein substrates. The
CDKL subfamily is part of a larger superfamily that
includes the catalytic domains of other protein STKs,
protein tyrosine kinases, RIO kinases, aminoglycoside
phosphotransferase, choline kinase, and
phosphoinositide 3-kinase. CDKs belong to a large
family of STKs that are regulated by their cognate
cyclins. Together, they are involved in the control of
cell-cycle progression, transcription, and neuronal
function. This subfamily is composed of CDKL1-5 and
similar proteins. Some CDKLs, like CDKL1 and CDKL3, may
be implicated in transformation and others, like CDKL3
and CDKL5, are associated with mental retardation when
impaired. CDKL2 plays a role in learning and memory.
Length = 288
Score = 28.4 bits (64), Expect = 2.9
Identities = 14/32 (43%), Positives = 20/32 (62%)
Query: 7 NKYRLGRKIGSGSFGDIYLGTNISTGEEVAIK 38
NKY + +G G++G + N +TGE VAIK
Sbjct: 1 NKYEVLGVVGEGAYGVVLKCRNKATGEIVAIK 32
>gnl|CDD|173753 cd07864, STKc_CDK12, Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine
Kinase, Cyclin-Dependent protein Kinase 12.
Serine/Threonine Kinases (STKs), Cyclin-Dependent
protein Kinase 12 (CDK12) subfamily, catalytic (c)
domain. STKs catalyze the transfer of the
gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to serine/threonine
residues on protein substrates. The CDK12 subfamily is
part of a larger superfamily that includes the
catalytic domains of other protein STKs, protein
tyrosine kinases, RIO kinases, aminoglycoside
phosphotransferase, choline kinase, and
phosphoinositide 3-kinase. CDKs belong to a large
family of STKs that are regulated by their cognate
cyclins. Together, they are involved in the control of
cell-cycle progression, transcription, and neuronal
function. CDK12 is also called Cdc2-related protein
kinase 7 (CRK7) or Cdc2-related kinase
arginine/serine-rich (CrkRS). It is a unique CDK that
contains an arginine/serine-rich (RS) domain, which is
predominantly found in splicing factors. CDK12 is
widely expressed in tissues. It interacts with cyclins
L1 and L2, and plays roles in regulating transcription
and alternative splicing.
Length = 302
Score = 28.2 bits (63), Expect = 3.2
Identities = 12/32 (37%), Positives = 21/32 (65%)
Query: 7 NKYRLGRKIGSGSFGDIYLGTNISTGEEVAIK 38
+K+ + +IG G++G +Y + TGE VA+K
Sbjct: 7 DKFDIIGQIGEGTYGQVYKARDKDTGELVALK 38
>gnl|CDD|133200 cd05069, PTKc_Yes, Catalytic domain of the Protein Tyrosine
Kinase, Yes. Protein Tyrosine Kinase (PTK) family; Yes
kinase; catalytic (c) domain. The PTKc family is part
of a larger superfamily that includes the catalytic
domains of other kinases such as protein
serine/threonine kinases, RIO kinases, and
phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). PTKs catalyze the
transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to
tyrosine (tyr) residues in protein substrates. Yes (or
c-Yes) is a member of the Src subfamily of proteins,
which are cytoplasmic (or non-receptor) tyr kinases.
Src kinases contain an N-terminal SH4 domain with a
myristoylation site, followed by SH3 and SH2 domains, a
tyr kinase domain, and a regulatory C-terminal region
containing a conserved tyr. They are activated by
autophosphorylation at the tyr kinase domain, but are
negatively regulated by phosphorylation at the
C-terminal tyr by Csk (C-terminal Src Kinase). Src
proteins are involved in signaling pathways that
regulate cytokine and growth factor responses,
cytoskeleton dynamics, cell proliferation, survival,
and differentiation. c-Yes kinase is the cellular
homolog of the oncogenic protein (v-Yes) encoded by the
Yamaguchi 73 and Esh sarcoma viruses. It displays
functional overlap with other Src subfamily members,
particularly Src. It also shows some unique functions
such as binding to occludins, transmembrane proteins
that regulate extracellular interactions in tight
junctions. Yes also associates with a number of
proteins in different cell types that Src does not
interact with, like JAK2 and gp130 in pre-adipocytes,
and Pyk2 in treated pulmonary vein endothelial cells.
Although the biological function of Yes remains
unclear, it appears to have a role in regulating
cell-cell interactions and vesicle trafficking in
polarized cells.
Length = 260
Score = 28.1 bits (62), Expect = 3.3
Identities = 25/78 (32%), Positives = 40/78 (51%), Gaps = 4/78 (5%)
Query: 10 RLGRKIGSGSFGDIYLGTNISTGEEVAIKLECIKTRHPQLHI-ESKIYKLMQGGVGIPQI 68
RL K+G G FG++++GT T +VAIK T P+ + E++I K ++ +P
Sbjct: 9 RLDVKLGQGCFGEVWMGTWNGT-TKVAIKTLKPGTMMPEAFLQEAQIMKKLRHDKLVPLY 67
Query: 69 KWCGSEGDYNVMVMELLG 86
E Y +V E +G
Sbjct: 68 AVVSEEPIY--IVTEFMG 83
>gnl|CDD|173663 cd05572, STKc_cGK_PKG, Catalytic domain of the Protein
Serine/Threonine Kinase, cGMP-dependent protein kinase.
Serine/Threonine Kinases (STKs), cGMP-dependent
protein kinase (cGK or PKG) subfamily, catalytic (c)
domain. STKs catalyze the transfer of the
gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to serine/threonine
residues on protein substrates. The cGK subfamily is
part of a larger superfamily that includes the
catalytic domains of other protein STKs, protein
tyrosine kinases, RIO kinases, aminoglycoside
phosphotransferase, choline kinase, and
phosphoinositide 3-kinase. Mammals have two cGK
isoforms from different genes, cGKI and cGKII. cGKI
exists as two splice variants, cGKI-alpha and
cGKI-beta. cGK consists of an N-terminal regulatory
domain containing a dimerization and an autoinhibitory
pseudosubstrate region, two cGMP-binding domains, and a
C-terminal catalytic domain. Binding of cGMP to both
binding sites releases the inhibition of the catalytic
center by the pseudosubstrate region, allowing
autophosphorylation and activation of the kinase. cGKI
is a soluble protein expressed in all smooth muscles,
platelets, cerebellum, and kidney. It is also expressed
at lower concentrations in other tissues. cGKII is a
membrane-bound protein that is most abundantly
expressed in the intestine. It is also present in the
brain nuclei, adrenal cortex, kidney, lung, and
prostate. cGKI is involved in the regulation of smooth
muscle tone, smooth cell proliferation, and platelet
activation. cGKII plays a role in the regulation of
secretion, such as renin secretion by the kidney and
aldosterone secretion by the adrenal. It also regulates
bone growth and the circadian rhythm.
Length = 262
Score = 28.0 bits (63), Expect = 3.5
Identities = 12/32 (37%), Positives = 16/32 (50%), Gaps = 2/32 (6%)
Query: 15 IGSGSFGDIYLGTNISTGEEVAIKLECIKTRH 46
+G G FG + L S A+K C+K RH
Sbjct: 1 LGVGGFGRVELVKVKSKNRTFALK--CVKKRH 30
>gnl|CDD|173742 cd07845, STKc_CDK10, Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine
Kinase, Cyclin-Dependent protein Kinase 10.
Serine/Threonine Kinases (STKs), Cyclin-dependent
protein Kinase 10 (CDK10) subfamily, catalytic (c)
domain. STKs catalyze the transfer of the
gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to serine/threonine
residues on protein substrates. The CDK10 subfamily is
part of a larger superfamily that includes the
catalytic domains of other protein STKs, protein
tyrosine kinases, RIO kinases, aminoglycoside
phosphotransferase, choline kinase, and
phosphoinositide 3-kinase. CDKs belong to a large
family of STKs that are regulated by their cognate
cyclins. Together, they are involved in the control of
cell-cycle progression, transcription, and neuronal
function. CDK10, also called PISSLRE, is essential for
cell growth and proliferation, and acts through the
G2/M phase of the cell cycle. CDK10 has also been
identified as an important factor in endocrine therapy
resistance in breast cancer. CDK10 silencing increases
the transcription of c-RAF and the activation of the
p42/p44 MAPK pathway, which leads to antiestrogen
resistance. Patients who express low levels of CDK10
relapse early on tamoxifen.
Length = 309
Score = 28.1 bits (63), Expect = 3.6
Identities = 12/29 (41%), Positives = 20/29 (68%), Gaps = 1/29 (3%)
Query: 10 RLGRKIGSGSFGDIYLGTNISTGEEVAIK 38
+L R IG G++G +Y + ++GE VA+K
Sbjct: 11 KLNR-IGEGTYGIVYRARDTTSGEIVALK 38
>gnl|CDD|133237 cd05106, PTKc_CSF-1R, Catalytic domain of the Protein Tyrosine
Kinase, Colony-Stimulating Factor-1 Receptor. Protein
Tyrosine Kinase (PTK) family; Colony-Stimulating
Factor-1 Receptor (CSF-1R); catalytic (c) domain. The
PTKc family is part of a larger superfamily that
includes the catalytic domains of other kinases such as
protein serine/threonine kinases, RIO kinases, and
phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). PTKs catalyze the
transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to
tyrosine (tyr) residues in protein substrates. CSF-1R,
also called c-Fms, is a member of the Platelet Derived
Growth Factor Receptor (PDGFR) subfamily of proteins,
which are receptor tyr kinases (RTKs) containing an
extracellular ligand-binding region with five
immunoglobulin-like domains, a transmembrane segment,
and an intracellular catalytic domain. The binding of
CSF-1R to its ligand, CSF-1, leads to receptor
dimerization, trans phosphorylation and activation, and
intracellular signaling. CSF-1R signaling is critical
in the regulation of macrophages and osteoclasts. It
leads to increases in gene transcription and protein
translation, and induces cytoskeletal remodeling.
CSF-1R signaling leads to a variety of cellular
responses including survival, proliferation, and
differentiation of target cells. It plays an important
role in innate immunity, tissue development and
function, and the pathogenesis of some diseases
including atherosclerosis and cancer. CSF-1R signaling
is also implicated in mammary gland development during
pregnancy and lactation. Aberrant CSF-1/CSF-1R
expression correlates with tumor cell invasiveness,
poor clinical prognosis, and bone metastasis in breast
cancer. Although the structure of the human CSF-1R
catalytic domain is known, it is excluded from this
specific alignment model because it contains a deletion
in its sequence.
Length = 374
Score = 27.9 bits (62), Expect = 4.2
Identities = 11/38 (28%), Positives = 21/38 (55%), Gaps = 5/38 (13%)
Query: 7 NKYRLGRKIGSGSFGDIYLGTNISTGEE-----VAIKL 39
+ + G+ +G+G+FG + T G+E VA+K+
Sbjct: 38 DNLQFGKTLGAGAFGKVVEATAFGLGKEDNVLRVAVKM 75
>gnl|CDD|173762 cd08222, STKc_Nek11, Catalytic domain of the Protein
Serine/Threonine Kinase, Never In Mitosis gene
A-related kinase 11. Serine/Threonine Kinases (STKs),
Never In Mitosis gene A (NIMA)-related kinase 11
(Nek11) subfamily, catalytic (c) domain. STKs catalyze
the transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to
serine/threonine residues on protein substrates. The
Nek11 subfamily is one of a family of 11 different Neks
(Nek1-11) that are involved in cell cycle control. The
Nek family is part of a larger superfamily that
includes the catalytic domains of other protein STKs,
protein tyrosine kinases, RIO kinases, aminoglycoside
phosphotransferase, choline kinase, and
phosphoinositide 3-kinase. Nek11 is involved, through
direct phosphorylation, in regulating the degradation
of Cdc25A (Cell Division Cycle 25 homolog A), which
plays a role in cell cycle progression and in
activating cyclin dependent kinases. Nek11 is activated
by CHK1 (CHeckpoint Kinase 1) and may be involved in
the G2/M checkpoint. Nek11 may also play a role in the
S-phase checkpoint as well as in DNA replication and
genotoxic stress responses.
Length = 260
Score = 28.0 bits (62), Expect = 4.3
Identities = 11/32 (34%), Positives = 19/32 (59%)
Query: 8 KYRLGRKIGSGSFGDIYLGTNISTGEEVAIKL 39
+Y L +++G GSFG +YL + E +K+
Sbjct: 1 RYILQQRLGKGSFGTVYLVKDKKAVAEERLKV 32
>gnl|CDD|173726 cd06610, STKc_OSR1_SPAK, Catalytic domain of the Protein
Serine/Threonine Kinases, Oxidative stress response
kinase and Ste20-related proline alanine-rich kinase.
Serine/threonine kinases (STKs), oxidative stress
response kinase (OSR1) and Ste20-related proline
alanine-rich kinase (SPAK) subfamily, catalytic (c)
domain. STKs catalyze the transfer of the
gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to serine/threonine
residues on protein substrates. The OSR1 and SPAK
subfamily is part of a larger superfamily that includes
the catalytic domains of other protein STKs, protein
tyrosine kinases, RIO kinases, aminoglycoside
phosphotransferase, choline kinase, and
phosphoinositide 3-kinase. SPAK is also referred to as
STK39 or PASK (proline-alanine-rich STE20-related
kinase). OSR1 and SPAK regulate the activity of
cation-chloride cotransporters through direct
interaction and phosphorylation. They are also
implicated in cytoskeletal rearrangement, cell
differentiation, transformation and proliferation. OSR1
and SPAK contain a conserved C-terminal (CCT) domain,
which recognizes a unique motif ([RK]FX[VI]) present in
their activating kinases (WNK1/WNK4) and their
substrates.
Length = 267
Score = 27.7 bits (62), Expect = 4.4
Identities = 11/32 (34%), Positives = 16/32 (50%)
Query: 7 NKYRLGRKIGSGSFGDIYLGTNISTGEEVAIK 38
+ Y L IG G+ +Y + E+VAIK
Sbjct: 1 DDYELIEVIGVGATAVVYAAICLPNNEKVAIK 32
>gnl|CDD|173741 cd07843, STKc_CDC2L1, Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine
Kinase, Cell Division Cycle 2-like 1. Serine/Threonine
Kinases (STKs), Cell Division Cycle 2-like 1 (CDC2L1)
subfamily, catalytic (c) domain. STKs catalyze the
transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to
serine/threonine residues on protein substrates. The
CDC2L1 subfamily is part of a larger superfamily that
includes the catalytic domains of other protein STKs,
protein tyrosine kinases, RIO kinases, aminoglycoside
phosphotransferase, choline kinase, and phosphoinositide
3-kinase. CDKs belong to a large family of STKs that are
regulated by their cognate cyclins. Together, they are
involved in the control of cell-cycle progression,
transcription, and neuronal function. CDC2L1, also
called PITSLRE, exists in different isoforms which are
named using the alias CDK11(p). The CDC2L1 gene produces
two protein products, CDK11(p110) and CDK11(p58). CDC2L1
is also represented by the caspase-processed CDK11(p46).
CDK11(p110), the major isoform, associates with cyclin L
and is expressed throughout the cell cycle. It is
involved in RNA processing and the regulation of
transcription. CDK11(p58) associates with cyclin D3 and
is expressed during the G2/M phase of the cell cycle. It
plays roles in spindle morphogenesis, centrosome
maturation, sister chromatid cohesion, and the
completion of mitosis. CDK11(p46) is formed from the
larger isoforms by caspases during TNFalpha- and
Fas-induced apoptosis. It functions as a downstream
effector kinase in apoptotic signaling pathways and
interacts with eukaryotic initiation factor 3f (eIF3f),
p21-activated kinase (PAK1), and Ran-binding protein
(RanBPM).
Length = 293
Score = 28.0 bits (63), Expect = 4.6
Identities = 29/114 (25%), Positives = 46/114 (40%), Gaps = 25/114 (21%)
Query: 14 KIGSGSFGDIYLGTNISTGEEVAIKLECIKTRHPQLHIESK-----------IYKLMQGG 62
+I G++G +Y + TGE VA+K +L +E + I L++
Sbjct: 12 RIEEGTYGVVYRARDKKTGEIVALK---------KLKMEKEKEGFPITSLREINILLKLQ 62
Query: 63 ----VGIPQIKWCGSEGDYNVMVMELLGPSLEDLFNFCSRRFSLKTVLLLADQL 112
V + ++ GS D MVME + L+ L + F V L QL
Sbjct: 63 HPNIVTVKEVV-VGSNLDKIYMVMEYVEHDLKSLMETMKQPFLQSEVKCLMLQL 115
>gnl|CDD|133240 cd05109, PTKc_HER2, Catalytic domain of the Protein Tyrosine
Kinase, HER2. Protein Tyrosine Kinase (PTK) family;
HER2 (ErbB2, HER2/neu); catalytic (c) domain. The PTKc
family is part of a larger superfamily that includes
the catalytic domains of other kinases such as protein
serine/threonine kinases, RIO kinases, and
phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). PTKs catalyze the
transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to
tyrosine (tyr) residues in protein substrates. HER2 is
a member of the EGFR (HER, ErbB) subfamily of proteins,
which are receptor tyr kinases (RTKs) containing an
extracellular EGF-related ligand-binding region, a
transmembrane helix, and a cytoplasmic region with a
tyr kinase domain and a regulatory C-terminal tail.
Unlike other tyr kinases, phosphorylation of the
activation loop of EGFR proteins is not critical to
their activation. Instead, they are activated by
ligand-induced dimerization, leading to the
phosphorylation of tyr residues in the C-terminal tail,
which serve as binding sites for downstream signaling
molecules. HER2 does not bind to any known EGFR
subfamily ligands, but contributes to the kinase
activity of all possible heterodimers. It acts as the
preferred partner with other ligand-bound EGFR proteins
and functions as a signal amplifier, with the HER2-HER3
heterodimer being the most potent pair in mitogenic
signaling. HER2 plays an important role in cell
development, proliferation, survival and motility.
Overexpression of HER2 results in its activation and
downstream signaling, even in the absence of ligand.
HER2 overexpression, mainly due to gene amplification,
has been shown in a variety of human cancers. Its role
in breast cancer is especially well-documented. HER2 is
up-regulated in about 25% of breast tumors and is
associated with increases in tumor aggressiveness,
recurrence and mortality. HER2 is a target for
monoclonal antibodies and small molecule inhibitors,
which are being developed as treatments for cancer. The
first humanized antibody approved for clinical use is
Trastuzumab (Herceptin), which is being used in
combination with other therapies to improve the
survival rates of patients with HER2-overexpressing
breast cancer.
Length = 279
Score = 27.7 bits (61), Expect = 5.5
Identities = 19/59 (32%), Positives = 28/59 (47%), Gaps = 3/59 (5%)
Query: 13 RKIGSGSFGDIYLGTNISTGEEVAIKLECIKTRH---PQLHIESKIYKLMQGGVGIPQI 68
+ +GSG+FG +Y G I GE V I + R P+ + E + GVG P +
Sbjct: 13 KVLGSGAFGTVYKGIWIPDGENVKIPVAIKVLRENTSPKANKEILDEAYVMAGVGSPYV 71
>gnl|CDD|143385 cd07880, STKc_p38gamma_MAPK12, Catalytic domain of the
Serine/Threonine Kinase, p38gamma Mitogen-Activated
Protein Kinase. Serine/Threonine Kinases (STKs),
p38gamma subfamily, catalytic (c) domain. STKs catalyze
the transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to
serine/threonine residues on protein substrates. The
p38gamma subfamily is part of a larger superfamily that
includes the catalytic domains of other protein STKs,
protein tyrosine kinases, RIO kinases, aminoglycoside
phosphotransferase, choline kinase, and
phosphoinositide 3-kinase. p38 kinases are
mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), serving as
important mediators of cellular responses to
extracellular signals. They are activated by the MAPK
kinases MKK3 and MKK6, which in turn are activated by
upstream MAPK kinase kinases including TAK1, ASK1, and
MLK3, in response to cellular stresses or inflammatory
cytokines. Vertebrates contain four isoforms of p38,
named alpha, beta, gamma, and delta. p38gamma, also
called MAPK12, is predominantly expressed in skeletal
muscle. Unlike p38alpha and p38beta, p38gamma is
insensitive to pyridinylimidazoles. It displays an
antagonizing function compared to p38alpha. p38gamma
inhibits, while p38alpha stimulates, c-Jun
phosphorylation and AP-1 mediated transcription.
p38gamma also plays a role in the signaling between Ras
and the estrogen receptor and has been implicated to
increase cell invasion and breast cancer progression.
In Xenopus, p38gamma is critical in the meiotic
maturation of oocytes.
Length = 343
Score = 27.6 bits (61), Expect = 5.7
Identities = 13/34 (38%), Positives = 23/34 (67%)
Query: 5 VGNKYRLGRKIGSGSFGDIYLGTNISTGEEVAIK 38
V ++YR +++GSG++G + + TG +VAIK
Sbjct: 13 VPDRYRDLKQVGSGAYGTVCSALDRRTGAKVAIK 46
>gnl|CDD|173758 cd08218, STKc_Nek1, Catalytic domain of the Protein
Serine/Threonine Kinase, Never In Mitosis gene
A-related kinase 1. Serine/Threonine Kinases (STKs),
Never In Mitosis gene A (NIMA)-related kinase 1 (Nek1)
subfamily, catalytic (c) domain. STKs catalyze the
transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to
serine/threonine residues on protein substrates. The
Nek1 subfamily is one of a family of 11 different Neks
(Nek1-11) that are involved in cell cycle control. The
Nek family is part of a larger superfamily that
includes the catalytic domains of other protein STKs,
protein tyrosine kinases, RIO kinases, aminoglycoside
phosphotransferase, choline kinase, and
phosphoinositide 3-kinase. Nek1 is associated with
centrosomes throughout the cell cycle. It is involved
in the formation of primary cilium and in the
maintenance of centrosomes. It cycles through the
nucleus and may be capable of relaying signals between
the cilium and the nucleus. Nek1 is implicated in the
development of polycystic kidney disease, which is
characterized by benign polycystic tumors formed by
abnormal overgrowth of renal epithelial cells. It
appears also to be involved in DNA damage response, and
may be important for both correct DNA damage checkpoint
activation and DNA repair.
Length = 256
Score = 27.5 bits (61), Expect = 6.2
Identities = 17/47 (36%), Positives = 23/47 (48%)
Query: 8 KYRLGRKIGSGSFGDIYLGTNISTGEEVAIKLECIKTRHPQLHIESK 54
KY +KIG GSFG L + G++ IK I P+ ES+
Sbjct: 1 KYVKVKKIGEGSFGKAILVKSKEDGKQYVIKEINISKMSPKEREESR 47
>gnl|CDD|173769 cd08229, STKc_Nek7, Catalytic domain of the Protein
Serine/Threonine Kinase, Never In Mitosis gene
A-related kinase 7. Serine/Threonine Kinases (STKs),
Never In Mitosis gene A (NIMA)-related kinase 7 (Nek7)
subfamily, catalytic (c) domain. STKs catalyze the
transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to
serine/threonine residues on protein substrates. The
Nek7 subfamily is one of a family of 11 different Neks
(Nek1-11) that are involved in cell cycle control. The
Nek family is part of a larger superfamily that
includes the catalytic domains of other protein STKs,
protein tyrosine kinases, RIO kinases, aminoglycoside
phosphotransferase, choline kinase, and
phosphoinositide 3-kinase. Nek7 is required for mitotic
spindle formation and cytokinesis. It is enriched in
the centrosome and is critical for microtubule
nucleation. Nek7 is activated by Nek9 during mitosis,
and may regulate the p70 ribosomal S6 kinase.
Length = 267
Score = 27.3 bits (60), Expect = 6.2
Identities = 12/30 (40%), Positives = 19/30 (63%)
Query: 9 YRLGRKIGSGSFGDIYLGTNISTGEEVAIK 38
+R+ +KIG G F ++Y T + G VA+K
Sbjct: 4 FRIEKKIGRGQFSEVYRATCLLDGVPVALK 33
>gnl|CDD|173654 cd05108, PTKc_EGFR, Catalytic domain of the Protein Tyrosine
Kinase, Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor. Protein
Tyrosine Kinase (PTK) family; Epidermal Growth Factor
Receptor (EGFR); catalytic (c) domain. The PTKc family
is part of a larger superfamily that includes the
catalytic domains of other kinases such as protein
serine/threonine kinases, RIO kinases, and
phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). PTKs catalyze the
transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to
tyrosine (tyr) residues in protein substrates. EGFR
(HER1, ErbB1) is a member of the EGFR (HER, ErbB)
subfamily of proteins, which are receptor tyr kinases
(RTKs) containing an extracellular EGF-related
ligand-binding region, a transmembrane helix, and a
cytoplasmic region with a tyr kinase domain and a
regulatory C-terminal tail. Unlike other tyr kinases,
phosphorylation of the activation loop of EGFR proteins
is not critical to their activation. Instead, they are
activated by ligand-induced dimerization, leading to
the phosphorylation of tyr residues in the C-terminal
tail, which serve as binding sites for downstream
signaling molecules. Ligands for EGFR include EGF,
heparin binding EGF-like growth factor (HBEGF),
epiregulin, amphiregulin, TGFalpha, and betacellulin.
Upon ligand binding, EGFR can form homo- or
heterodimers with other EGFR subfamily members. The
EGFR signaling pathway is one of the most important
pathways regulating cell proliferation,
differentiation, survival, and growth. Overexpression
and mutation in the kinase domain of EGFR have been
implicated in the development and progression of a
variety of cancers. A number of monoclonal antibodies
and small molecule inhibitors have been developed that
target EGFR, including the antibodies Cetuximab and
Panitumumab, which are used in combination with other
therapies for the treatment of colorectal cancer and
non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). The small
molecule inhibitors Gefitinib (Iressa) and Erlotinib
(Tarceva), already used for NSCLC, are undergoing
clinical trials for other types of cancer including
gastrointestinal, breast, head and neck, and bladder.
Length = 316
Score = 27.3 bits (60), Expect = 7.1
Identities = 12/25 (48%), Positives = 17/25 (68%)
Query: 13 RKIGSGSFGDIYLGTNISTGEEVAI 37
+ +GSG+FG +Y G I GE+V I
Sbjct: 13 KVLGSGAFGTVYKGLWIPEGEKVKI 37
>gnl|CDD|188873 cd09213, Luminal_IRE1_like, The Luminal domain, a dimerization
domain, of Inositol-requiring protein 1-like proteins.
The Luminal domain is a dimerization domain present in
Inositol-requiring protein 1 (IRE1), eukaryotic
translation Initiation Factor 2-Alpha Kinase 3
(EIF2AK3), and similar proteins. IRE1 and EIF2AK3 are
serine/threonine protein kinases (STKs) and are type I
transmembrane proteins that are localized in the
endoplasmic reticulum (ER). They are kinase receptors
that are activated through the release of BiP, a
chaperone bound to their luminal domains under
unstressed conditions. This results in dimerization
through their luminal domains, allowing
trans-autophosphorylation of their kinase domains and
activation. They play roles in the signaling of the
unfolded protein response (UPR), which is activated when
protein misfolding is detected in the ER in order to
decrease the synthesis of new proteins and increase the
capacity of the ER to cope with the stress. IRE1, also
called Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-to-nucleus signaling
protein (or ERN), contains an endoribonuclease domain in
its cytoplasmic side and acts as an ER stress sensor. It
is the oldest and most conserved component of the UPR in
eukaryotes. Its activation results in the cleavage of
its mRNA substrate, HAC1 in yeast and Xbp1 in metazoans,
promoting a splicing event that enables translation into
a transcription factor which activates the UPR. EIF2AK3,
also called PKR-like Endoplasmic Reticulum Kinase
(PERK), phosphorylates the alpha subunit of eIF-2,
resulting in the downregulation of protein synthesis. It
functions as the central regulator of translational
control during the UPR pathway. In addition to the eIF-2
alpha subunit, EIF2AK3 also phosphorylates Nrf2, a
leucine zipper transcription factor which regulates
cellular redox status and promotes cell survival during
the UPR.
Length = 312
Score = 27.1 bits (60), Expect = 8.0
Identities = 11/46 (23%), Positives = 23/46 (50%)
Query: 91 DLFNFCSRRFSLKTVLLLADQLSITAPGIIDQEQKSVMVVGTNIST 136
+L+ SL+ + L + L +P + D + V+VVG+ ++
Sbjct: 59 NLYQHDKGHGSLQRLPLTIEDLVEASPLVSDTNEDDVVVVGSKRTS 104
>gnl|CDD|233096 TIGR00704, NaPi_cotrn_rel, Na/Pi-cotransporter. This model
describes essentially the full length of an
uncharacterized protein from Bacillus subtilis and
correponding lengths of longer proteins from E. coli and
Treponema pallidum. PSI-BLAST analysis converges to
demonstrate homology to one other group of proteins,
type II sodium/phosphate (Na/Pi) cotransporters. A
well-conserved repeated domain in this family,
approximately 60 residues in length, is also repeated in
the Na/Pi cotransporters, although with greater spacing
between the repeats. The two families share additional
homology in the region after the first repeat, share the
properly of having extensive hydrophobic regions, and
may be similar in function [Transport and binding
proteins, Cations and iron carrying compounds].
Length = 307
Score = 27.1 bits (60), Expect = 8.3
Identities = 12/42 (28%), Positives = 21/42 (50%), Gaps = 3/42 (7%)
Query: 101 SLKTVLLLADQLSITAPGIIDQEQKSVMVVGTNISTGEEVAI 142
S VL+ ++TA GII +V+G+N+ +G +
Sbjct: 187 SSAAVLIT---ATLTAAGIIGFPVALCLVLGSNLGSGILAML 225
>gnl|CDD|132962 cd06631, STKc_YSK4, Catalytic domain of the Protein
Serine/Threonine Kinase, Yeast Sps1/Ste20-related
kinase 4. Serine/threonine kinases (STKs), yeast
Sps1/Ste20-related kinase 4 (YSK4) subfamily, catalytic
(c) domain. STKs catalyze the transfer of the
gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to serine/threonine
residues on protein substrates. The YSK4 subfamily is
part of a larger superfamily that includes the
catalytic domains of other protein STKs, protein
tyrosine kinases, RIO kinases, aminoglycoside
phosphotransferase, choline kinase, and
phosphoinositide 3-kinase. YSK4 is a putative MAPKKK,
whose mammalian gene has been isolated. MAPKKKs (MKKKs
or MAP3Ks) phosphorylate and activate MAPK kinases
(MAPKKs or MKKs or MAP2Ks), which in turn phosphorylate
and activate MAPKs during signaling cascades that are
important in mediating cellular responses to
extracellular signals.
Length = 265
Score = 26.8 bits (59), Expect = 8.8
Identities = 9/27 (33%), Positives = 17/27 (62%), Gaps = 1/27 (3%)
Query: 12 GRKIGSGSFGDIYLGTNISTGEEVAIK 38
G +G G++G +Y G + G+ +A+K
Sbjct: 5 GEVLGKGAYGTVYCGL-TNQGQLIAVK 30
>gnl|CDD|177649 PLN00009, PLN00009, cyclin-dependent kinase A; Provisional.
Length = 294
Score = 27.1 bits (60), Expect = 9.0
Identities = 11/32 (34%), Positives = 19/32 (59%)
Query: 7 NKYRLGRKIGSGSFGDIYLGTNISTGEEVAIK 38
++Y KIG G++G +Y + T E +A+K
Sbjct: 2 DQYEKVEKIGEGTYGVVYKARDRVTNETIALK 33
>gnl|CDD|133165 cd05033, PTKc_EphR, Catalytic domain of Ephrin Receptor Protein
Tyrosine Kinases. Protein Tyrosine Kinase (PTK)
family; Ephrin Receptor (EphR) subfamily; catalytic (c)
domain. The PTKc family is part of a larger superfamily
that includes the catalytic domains of other kinases
such as protein serine/threonine kinases, RIO kinases,
and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). PTKs catalyze the
transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to
tyrosine (tyr) residues in protein substrates. EphRs
comprise the largest subfamily of receptor tyr kinases
(RTKs). They can be classified into two classes (EphA
and EphB), according to their extracellular sequences,
which largely correspond to binding preferences for
either GPI-anchored ephrin-A ligands or transmembrane
ephrin-B ligands. Vertebrates have ten EphA and six
EhpB receptors, which display promiscuous ligand
interactions within each class. EphRs contain an ephrin
binding domain and two fibronectin repeats
extracellularly, a transmembrane segment, and a
cytoplasmic tyr kinase domain. Binding of the ephrin
ligand to EphR requires cell-cell contact since both
are anchored to the plasma membrane. This allows
ephrin/EphR dimers to form, leading to the activation
of the intracellular tyr kinase domain. The resulting
downstream signals occur bidirectionally in both
EphR-expressing cells (forward signaling) and
ephrin-expressing cells (reverse signaling). The main
effect of ephrin/EphR interaction is cell-cell
repulsion or adhesion. Ephrin/EphR signaling is
important in neural development and plasticity, cell
morphogenesis and proliferation, cell-fate
determination, embryonic development, tissue
patterning, and angiogenesis.
Length = 266
Score = 26.9 bits (60), Expect = 9.3
Identities = 11/27 (40%), Positives = 15/27 (55%), Gaps = 3/27 (11%)
Query: 15 IGSGSFGDIYLGTNISTGEE---VAIK 38
IG G FG++ G G++ VAIK
Sbjct: 12 IGGGEFGEVCRGRLKLPGKKEIDVAIK 38
>gnl|CDD|173655 cd05110, PTKc_HER4, Catalytic domain of the Protein Tyrosine
Kinase, HER4. Protein Tyrosine Kinase (PTK) family;
HER4 (ErbB4); catalytic (c) domain. The PTKc family is
part of a larger superfamily that includes the
catalytic domains of other kinases such as protein
serine/threonine kinases, RIO kinases, and
phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). PTKs catalyze the
transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to
tyrosine (tyr) residues in protein substrates. HER4 is
a member of the EGFR (HER, ErbB) subfamily of proteins,
which are receptor tyr kinases (RTKs) containing an
extracellular EGF-related ligand-binding region, a
transmembrane helix, and a cytoplasmic region with a
tyr kinase domain and a regulatory C-terminal tail.
Unlike other tyr kinases, phosphorylation of the
activation loop of EGFR proteins is not critical to
their activation. Instead, they are activated by
ligand-induced dimerization, leading to the
phosphorylation of tyr residues in the C-terminal tail,
which serve as binding sites for downstream signaling
molecules. Ligands that bind HER4 fall into two groups,
the neuregulins (or heregulins) and some EGFR (HER1)
ligands including betacellulin, HBEGF, and epiregulin.
All four neuregulins (NRG1-4) interact with HER4. Upon
ligand binding, HER4 forms homo- or heterodimers with
other HER proteins. HER4 is essential in embryonic
development. It is implicated in mammary gland,
cardiac, and neural development. As a postsynaptic
receptor of NRG1, HER4 plays an important role in
synaptic plasticity and maturation. The impairment of
NRG1/HER4 signaling may contribute to schizophrenia.
Length = 303
Score = 27.0 bits (59), Expect = 9.8
Identities = 15/37 (40%), Positives = 21/37 (56%), Gaps = 2/37 (5%)
Query: 3 LRVGNKYRLGRK--IGSGSFGDIYLGTNISTGEEVAI 37
LR+ + L R +GSG+FG +Y G + GE V I
Sbjct: 1 LRILKETELKRVKVLGSGAFGTVYKGIWVPEGETVKI 37
Database: CDD.v3.10
Posted date: Mar 20, 2013 7:55 AM
Number of letters in database: 10,937,602
Number of sequences in database: 44,354
Lambda K H
0.322 0.141 0.418
Gapped
Lambda K H
0.267 0.0807 0.140
Matrix: BLOSUM62
Gap Penalties: Existence: 11, Extension: 1
Number of Sequences: 44354
Number of Hits to DB: 11,310,730
Number of extensions: 1049651
Number of successful extensions: 1045
Number of sequences better than 10.0: 1
Number of HSP's gapped: 1039
Number of HSP's successfully gapped: 139
Length of query: 227
Length of database: 10,937,602
Length adjustment: 93
Effective length of query: 134
Effective length of database: 6,812,680
Effective search space: 912899120
Effective search space used: 912899120
Neighboring words threshold: 11
Window for multiple hits: 40
X1: 16 ( 7.4 bits)
X2: 38 (14.6 bits)
X3: 64 (24.7 bits)
S1: 41 (21.9 bits)
S2: 57 (25.6 bits)