RPS-BLAST 2.2.26 [Sep-21-2011]
Database: CDD.v3.10
44,354 sequences; 10,937,602 total letters
Searching..................................................done
Query= psy3510
(64 letters)
>gnl|CDD|176233 cd08272, MDR6, Medium chain dehydrogenases/reductase
(MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase-like family.
This group is a member of the medium chain
dehydrogenases/reductase (MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol
dehydrogenase-like family, but lacks the zinc-binding
sites of the zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases. The
medium chain dehydrogenases/reductase
(MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase-like family,
which contains the zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase
(ADH-Zn) and related proteins, is a diverse group of
proteins related to the first identified member, class
I mammalian ADH. MDRs display a broad range of
activities and are distinguished from the smaller short
chain dehydrogenases (~ 250 amino acids vs. the ~ 350
amino acids of the MDR). The MDR proteins have 2
domains: a C-terminal NAD(P)-binding Rossmann fold
domain of a beta-alpha form and an N-terminal catalytic
domain with distant homology to GroES. The MDR group
contains a host of activities, including the founding
alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), quinone reductase,
sorbitol dehydrogenase, formaldehyde dehydrogenase,
butanediol DH, ketose reductase, cinnamyl reductase,
and numerous others. The zinc-dependent alcohol
dehydrogenases (ADHs) catalyze the NAD(P)(H)-dependent
interconversion of alcohols to aldehydes or ketones.
Active site zinc has a catalytic role, while structural
zinc aids in stability. ADH-like proteins typically
form dimers (typically higher plants, mammals) or
tetramers (yeast, bacteria), and generally have 2
tightly bound zinc atoms per subunit. The active site
zinc is coordinated by a histidine, two cysteines, and
a water molecule. The second zinc seems to play a
structural role, affects subunit interactions, and is
typically coordinated by 4 cysteines.
Length = 326
Score = 82.2 bits (204), Expect = 8e-21
Identities = 31/62 (50%), Positives = 42/62 (67%), Gaps = 1/62 (1%)
Query: 1 MAAGINPVETYIRSGQYPNLPDLPAILGTEVSGIVEEVGQGVKHFKVGDKVFGKP-ILGK 59
A+G+NP++T IR G P LPAILG +V+G+VE VG+GV F+VGD+V+G LG
Sbjct: 35 HASGVNPLDTKIRRGGAAARPPLPAILGCDVAGVVEAVGEGVTRFRVGDEVYGCAGGLGG 94
Query: 60 GG 61
Sbjct: 95 LQ 96
>gnl|CDD|223677 COG0604, Qor, NADPH:quinone reductase and related Zn-dependent
oxidoreductases [Energy production and conversion /
General function prediction only].
Length = 326
Score = 76.2 bits (188), Expect = 1e-18
Identities = 29/64 (45%), Positives = 42/64 (65%), Gaps = 1/64 (1%)
Query: 2 AAGINPVETYIRSGQYPNLPDLPAILGTEVSGIVEEVGQGVKHFKVGDKVFGKPILGK-G 60
AAG+NP++ +R G P + LP I G+E +G+V VG GV FKVGD+V +G+ G
Sbjct: 36 AAGVNPIDVLVRQGLAPPVRPLPFIPGSEAAGVVVAVGSGVTGFKVGDRVAALGGVGRDG 95
Query: 61 GYSQ 64
GY++
Sbjct: 96 GYAE 99
>gnl|CDD|176191 cd05289, MDR_like_2, alcohol dehydrogenase and quinone
reductase-like medium chain degydrogenases/reductases.
Members identified as zinc-dependent alcohol
dehydrogenases and quinone oxidoreductase. QOR
catalyzes the conversion of a quinone + NAD(P)H to a
hydroquinone + NAD(P)+. Quinones are cyclic diones
derived from aromatic compounds. Membrane bound QOR
actin the respiratory chains of bacteria and
mitochondria, while soluble QOR acts to protect from
toxic quinones (e.g. DT-diaphorase) or as a soluble
eye-lens protein in some vertebrates (e.g.
zeta-crystalin). QOR reduces quinones through a
semi-quinone intermediate via a NAD(P)H-dependent
single electron transfer. QOR is a member of the medium
chain dehydrogenase/reductase family, but lacks the
zinc-binding sites of the prototypical alcohol
dehydrogenases of this group. NAD(P)(H)-dependent
oxidoreductases are the major enzymes in the
interconversion of alcohols and aldehydes, or ketones.
Alcohol dehydrogenase in the liver converts ethanol and
NAD+ to acetaldehyde and NADH, while in yeast and some
other microorganisms ADH catalyzes the conversion
acetaldehyde to ethanol in alcoholic fermentation. ADH
is a member of the medium chain alcohol dehydrogenase
family (MDR), which has a NAD(P)(H)-binding domain in a
Rossmann fold of a beta-alpha form. The NAD(H)-binding
region is comprised of 2 structurally similar halves,
each of which contacts a mononucleotide. A GxGxxG
motif after the first mononucleotide contact half
allows the close contact of the coenzyme with the ADH
backbone. The N-terminal catalytic domain has a
distant homology to GroES. These proteins typically
form dimers (typically higher plants, mammals) or
tetramers (yeast, bacteria), and have 2 tightly bound
zinc atoms per subunit, a catalytic zinc at the active
site and a structural zinc in a lobe of the catalytic
domain. NAD(H) binding occurs in the cleft between the
catalytic and coenzyme-binding domains at the active
site, and coenzyme binding induces a conformational
closing of this cleft. Coenzyme binding typically
precedes and contributes to substrate binding. In human
ADH catalysis, the zinc ion helps coordinate the
alcohol, followed by deprotonation of a histidine, the
ribose of NAD, a serine, then the alcohol, which allows
the transfer of a hydride to NAD+, creating NADH and a
zinc-bound aldehyde or ketone. In yeast and some
bacteria, the active site zinc binds an aldehyde,
polarizing it, and leading to the reverse reaction.
Length = 309
Score = 75.3 bits (186), Expect = 2e-18
Identities = 30/62 (48%), Positives = 37/62 (59%), Gaps = 2/62 (3%)
Query: 2 AAGINPVETYIRSGQYPNLP--DLPAILGTEVSGIVEEVGQGVKHFKVGDKVFGKPILGK 59
AAG+NPV+ IR G LP I G +V+G+V VG GV FKVGD+VFG +
Sbjct: 36 AAGVNPVDLKIREGLLKAAFPLTLPLIPGHDVAGVVVAVGPGVTGFKVGDEVFGMTPFTR 95
Query: 60 GG 61
GG
Sbjct: 96 GG 97
>gnl|CDD|176215 cd08253, zeta_crystallin, Zeta-crystallin with NADP-dependent
quinone reductase activity (QOR). Zeta-crystallin is a
eye lens protein with NADP-dependent quinone reductase
activity (QOR). It has been cited as a structural
component in mammalian eyes, but also has homology to
quinone reductases in unrelated species. QOR catalyzes
the conversion of a quinone and NAD(P)H to a
hydroquinone and NAD(P+. Quinones are cyclic diones
derived from aromatic compounds. Membrane bound QOR
acts in the respiratory chains of bacteria and
mitochondria, while soluble QOR acts to protect from
toxic quinones (e.g. DT-diaphorase) or as a soluble
eye-lens protein in some vertebrates (e.g.
zeta-crystalin). QOR reduces quinones through a
semi-quinone intermediate via a NAD(P)H-dependent
single electron transfer. QOR is a member of the medium
chain dehydrogenase/reductase family, but lacks the
zinc-binding sites of the prototypical alcohol
dehydrogenases of this group. Alcohol dehydrogenase in
the liver converts ethanol and NAD+ to acetaldehyde and
NADH, while in yeast and some other microorganisms ADH
catalyzes the conversion acetaldehyde to ethanol in
alcoholic fermentation. ADH is a member of the medium
chain alcohol dehydrogenase family (MDR), which has a
NAD(P)(H)-binding domain in a Rossmann fold of a
beta-alpha form. The NAD(H)-binding region is
comprised of 2 structurally similar halves, each of
which contacts a mononucleotide. The N-terminal
catalytic domain has a distant homology to GroES. These
proteins typically form dimers (typically higher
plants, mammals) or tetramers (yeast, bacteria), and
have 2 tightly bound zinc atoms per subunit, a
catalytic zinc at the active site, and a structural
zinc in a lobe of the catalytic domain. NAD(H)-binding
occurs in the cleft between the catalytic and
coenzyme-binding domains at the active site, and
coenzyme binding induces a conformational closing of
this cleft. Coenzyme binding typically precedes and
contributes to substrate binding. In human ADH
catalysis, the zinc ion helps coordinate the alcohol,
followed by deprotonation of a histidine, the ribose
of NAD, a serine, then the alcohol, which allows the
transfer of a hydride to NAD+, creating NADH and a
zinc-bound aldehyde or ketone. In yeast and some
bacteria, the active site zinc binds an aldehyde,
polarizing it, and leading to the reverse reaction.
Length = 325
Score = 75.3 bits (186), Expect = 3e-18
Identities = 29/51 (56%), Positives = 41/51 (80%)
Query: 2 AAGINPVETYIRSGQYPNLPDLPAILGTEVSGIVEEVGQGVKHFKVGDKVF 52
A+G+NPV+TYIR+G YP LP LP + G++ +G+VE VG+GV KVGD+V+
Sbjct: 36 ASGVNPVDTYIRAGAYPGLPPLPYVPGSDGAGVVEAVGEGVDGLKVGDRVW 86
>gnl|CDD|176189 cd05286, QOR2, Quinone oxidoreductase (QOR). Quinone
oxidoreductase (QOR) and 2-haloacrylate reductase. QOR
catalyzes the conversion of a quinone + NAD(P)H to a
hydroquinone + NAD(P)+. Quinones are cyclic diones
derived from aromatic compounds. Membrane bound QOR
actin the respiratory chains of bacteria and
mitochondria, while soluble QOR acts to protect from
toxic quinones (e.g. DT-diaphorase) or as a soluble
eye-lens protein in some vertebrates (e.g.
zeta-crystalin). QOR reduces quinones through a
semi-quinone intermediate via a NAD(P)H-dependent
single electron transfer. QOR is a member of the medium
chain dehydrogenase/reductase family, but lacks the
zinc-binding sites of the prototypical alcohol
dehydrogenases of this group. 2-haloacrylate reductase,
a member of this subgroup, catalyzes the
NADPH-dependent reduction of a carbon-carbon double
bond in organohalogen compounds. Although similar to
QOR, Burkholderia 2-haloacrylate reductase does not act
on the quinones 1,4-benzoquinone and
1,4-naphthoquinone. NAD(P)(H)-dependent oxidoreductases
are the major enzymes in the interconversion of
alcohols and aldehydes, or ketones. Alcohol
dehydrogenase in the liver converts ethanol and NAD+ to
acetaldehyde and NADH, while in yeast and some other
microorganisms ADH catalyzes the conversion
acetaldehyde to ethanol in alcoholic fermentation. ADH
is a member of the medium chain alcohol dehydrogenase
family (MDR), which have a NAD(P)(H)-binding domain in
a Rossmann fold of a beta-alpha form. The
NAD(H)-binding region is comprised of 2 structurally
similar halves, each of which contacts a
mononucleotide. A GxGxxG motif after the first
mononucleotide contact half allows the close contact of
the coenzyme with the ADH backbone. The N-terminal
catalytic domain has a distant homology to GroES.
These proteins typically form dimers (typically higher
plants, mammals) or tetramers (yeast, bacteria), and
have 2 tightly bound zinc atoms per subunit, a
catalytic zinc at the active site and a structural zinc
in a lobe of the catalytic domain. NAD(H) binding
occurs in the cleft between the catalytic and
coenzyme-binding domains at the active site, and
coenzyme binding induces a conformational closing of
this cleft. Coenzyme binding typically precedes and
contributes to substrate binding. In human ADH
catalysis, the zinc ion helps coordinate the alcohol,
followed by deprotonation of a histidine, the ribose
of NAD, a serine, then the alcohol, which allows the
transfer of a hydride to NAD+, creating NADH and a
zinc-bound aldehyde or ketone. In yeast and some
bacteria, the active site zinc binds an aldehyde,
polarizing it, and leading to the reverse reaction.
Length = 320
Score = 72.5 bits (179), Expect = 3e-17
Identities = 32/65 (49%), Positives = 41/65 (63%), Gaps = 8/65 (12%)
Query: 2 AAGINPVETYIRSGQYPNLPDLPAILGTEVSGIVEEVGQGVKHFKVGDKV--FGKPILGK 59
A G+N ++TY RSG YP LP +LG E +G+VE VG GV FKVGD+V G P
Sbjct: 35 AIGVNFIDTYFRSGLYP--LPLPFVLGVEGAGVVEAVGPGVTGFKVGDRVAYAGPP---- 88
Query: 60 GGYSQ 64
G Y++
Sbjct: 89 GAYAE 93
>gnl|CDD|176178 cd05188, MDR, Medium chain reductase/dehydrogenase
(MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase-like family.
The medium chain reductase/dehydrogenases
(MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase-like family,
which contains the zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase
(ADH-Zn) and related proteins, is a diverse group of
proteins related to the first identified member, class
I mammalian ADH. MDRs display a broad range of
activities and are distinguished from the smaller short
chain dehydrogenases (~ 250 amino acids vs. the ~ 350
amino acids of the MDR). The MDR proteins have 2
domains: a C-terminal NAD(P) binding-Rossmann fold
domain of a beta-alpha form and an N-terminal catalytic
domain with distant homology to GroES. The MDR group
contains a host of activities, including the founding
alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) , quinone reductase,
sorbitol dehydrogenase, formaldehyde dehydrogenase,
butanediol DH, ketose reductase, cinnamyl reductase,
and numerous others. The zinc-dependent alcohol
dehydrogenases (ADHs) catalyze the NAD(P)(H)-dependent
interconversion of alcohols to aldehydes or ketones.
ADH-like proteins typically form dimers (typically
higher plants, mammals) or tetramers (yeast, bacteria),
and generally have 2 tightly bound zinc atoms per
subunit, a catalytic zinc at the active site and a
structural zinc in a lobe of the catalytic domain. The
active site zinc is coordinated by a histidine, two
cysteines, and a water molecule. The second zinc seems
to play a structural role, affects subunit
interactions, and is typically coordinated by 4
cysteines. Other MDR members have only a catalytic
zinc, and some contain no coordinated zinc.
Length = 271
Score = 70.4 bits (173), Expect = 1e-16
Identities = 31/59 (52%), Positives = 37/59 (62%)
Query: 2 AAGINPVETYIRSGQYPNLPDLPAILGTEVSGIVEEVGQGVKHFKVGDKVFGKPILGKG 60
AAG+ + +IR G YP P LP ILG E +G+V EVG GV KVGD+V P LG G
Sbjct: 8 AAGLCGTDLHIRRGGYPPPPKLPLILGHEGAGVVVEVGPGVTGVKVGDRVVVLPNLGCG 66
>gnl|CDD|176229 cd08268, MDR2, Medium chain dehydrogenases/reductase
(MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase-like family.
This group is a member of the medium chain
dehydrogenases/reductase (MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol
dehydrogenase-like family, but lacks the zinc-binding
sites of the zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases. The
medium chain dehydrogenases/reductase
(MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase-like family,
which contains the zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase
(ADH-Zn) and related proteins, is a diverse group of
proteins related to the first identified member, class
I mammalian ADH. MDRs display a broad range of
activities and are distinguished from the smaller short
chain dehydrogenases (~ 250 amino acids vs. the ~ 350
amino acids of the MDR). The MDR proteins have 2
domains: a C-terminal NAD(P)-binding Rossmann fold
domain of a beta-alpha form and an N-terminal catalytic
domain with distant homology to GroES. The MDR group
contains a host of activities, including the founding
alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), quinone reductase,
sorbitol dehydrogenase, formaldehyde dehydrogenase,
butanediol DH, ketose reductase, cinnamyl reductase,
and numerous others. The zinc-dependent alcohol
dehydrogenases (ADHs) catalyze the NAD(P)(H)-dependent
interconversion of alcohols to aldehydes or ketones.
Active site zinc has a catalytic role, while structural
zinc aids in stability. ADH-like proteins typically
form dimers (typically higher plants, mammals) or
tetramers (yeast, bacteria), and generally have 2
tightly bound zinc atoms per subunit. The active site
zinc is coordinated by a histidine, two cysteines, and
a water molecule. The second zinc seems to play a
structural role, affects subunit interactions, and is
typically coordinated by 4 cysteines.
Length = 328
Score = 69.9 bits (172), Expect = 3e-16
Identities = 29/63 (46%), Positives = 35/63 (55%), Gaps = 2/63 (3%)
Query: 1 MAAGINPVETYIRSGQYPNLPDLPAILGTEVSGIVEEVGQGVKHFKVGDKVFGKP--ILG 58
A G+N + R G Y P LPA LG E +G+VE VG GV F VGD+V P LG
Sbjct: 35 EAIGLNRADAMFRRGAYIEPPPLPARLGYEAAGVVEAVGAGVTGFAVGDRVSVIPAADLG 94
Query: 59 KGG 61
+ G
Sbjct: 95 QYG 97
>gnl|CDD|176180 cd05276, p53_inducible_oxidoreductase, PIG3 p53-inducible quinone
oxidoreductase. PIG3 p53-inducible quinone
oxidoreductase, a medium chain dehydrogenase/reductase
family member, acts in the apoptotic pathway. PIG3
reduces ortho-quinones, but its apoptotic activity has
been attributed to oxidative stress generation, since
overexpression of PIG3 accumulates reactive oxygen
species. PIG3 resembles the MDR family member quinone
reductases, which catalyze the reduction of quinone to
hydroxyquinone. NAD(P)(H)-dependent oxidoreductases are
the major enzymes in the interconversion of alcohols
and aldehydes or ketones. Alcohol dehydrogenase in the
liver converts ethanol and NAD+ to acetaldehyde and
NADH, while in yeast and some other microorganisms ADH
catalyzes the conversion acetaldehyde to ethanol in
alcoholic fermentation. ADH is a member of the medium
chain alcohol dehydrogenase family (MDR), which has a
NAD(P)(H)-binding domain in a Rossmann fold of a
beta-alpha form. The NAD(H)-binding region is
comprised of 2 structurally similar halves, each of
which contacts a mononucleotide. A GxGxxG motif after
the first mononucleotide contact half allows the close
contact of the coenzyme with the ADH backbone. The
N-terminal catalytic domain has a distant homology to
GroES. These proteins typically form dimers (typically
higher plants, mammals) or tetramers (yeast, bacteria),
and have 2 tightly bound zinc atoms per subunit, a
catalytic zinc at the active site, and a structural
zinc in a lobe of the catalytic domain. NAD(H) binding
occurs in the cleft between the catalytic and
coenzyme-binding domains at the active site, and
coenzyme binding induces a conformational closing of
this cleft. Coenzyme binding typically precedes and
contributes to substrate binding. In human ADH
catalysis, the zinc ion helps coordinate the alcohol,
followed by deprotonation of a histidine, the ribose
of NAD, a serine, then the alcohol, which allows the
transfer of a hydride to NAD+, creating NADH and a
zinc-bound aldehyde or ketone. In yeast and some
bacteria, the active site zinc binds an aldehyde,
polarizing it, and leading to the reverse reaction.
Length = 323
Score = 69.4 bits (171), Expect = 3e-16
Identities = 29/63 (46%), Positives = 38/63 (60%), Gaps = 2/63 (3%)
Query: 2 AAGINPVETYIRSGQYPNLPDLPAILGTEVSGIVEEVGQGVKHFKVGDKVFGKPILGKGG 61
AAG+N + R G YP P ILG EV+G+V VG GV +KVGD+V +L GG
Sbjct: 36 AAGVNRADLLQRQGLYPPPPGASDILGLEVAGVVVAVGPGVTGWKVGDRVCA--LLAGGG 93
Query: 62 YSQ 64
Y++
Sbjct: 94 YAE 96
>gnl|CDD|176236 cd08275, MDR3, Medium chain dehydrogenases/reductase
(MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase-like family.
This group is a member of the medium chain
dehydrogenases/reductase (MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol
dehydrogenase-like family, but lacks the zinc-binding
sites of the zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases. The
medium chain dehydrogenases/reductase
(MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase-like family,
which contains the zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase
(ADH-Zn) and related proteins, is a diverse group of
proteins related to the first identified member, class
I mammalian ADH. MDRs display a broad range of
activities and are distinguished from the smaller short
chain dehydrogenases (~ 250 amino acids vs. the ~ 350
amino acids of the MDR). The MDR proteins have 2
domains: a C-terminal NAD(P)-binding Rossmann fold
domain of a beta-alpha form and an N-terminal catalytic
domain with distant homology to GroES. The MDR group
contains a host of activities, including the founding
alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), quinone reductase,
sorbitol dehydrogenase, formaldehyde dehydrogenase,
butanediol DH, ketose reductase, cinnamyl reductase,
and numerous others. The zinc-dependent alcohol
dehydrogenases (ADHs) catalyze the NAD(P)(H)-dependent
interconversion of alcohols to aldehydes or ketones.
Active site zinc has a catalytic role, while structural
zinc aids in stability. ADH-like proteins typically
form dimers (typically higher plants, mammals) or
tetramers (yeast, bacteria), and generally have 2
tightly bound zinc atoms per subunit. The active site
zinc is coordinated by a histidine, two cysteines, and
a water molecule. The second zinc seems to play a
structural role, affects subunit interactions, and is
typically coordinated by 4 cysteines.
Length = 337
Score = 69.5 bits (171), Expect = 4e-16
Identities = 28/62 (45%), Positives = 36/62 (58%), Gaps = 2/62 (3%)
Query: 2 AAGINPVETYIRSGQYPNLPDLPAILGTEVSGIVEEVGQGVKHFKVGDKVFGKPILGKGG 61
A G+N + R G Y + P P + G E +G VE VG+GVK FKVGD+V G GG
Sbjct: 35 ACGLNFADLMARQGLYDSAPKPPFVPGFECAGTVEAVGEGVKDFKVGDRVMGLTRF--GG 92
Query: 62 YS 63
Y+
Sbjct: 93 YA 94
>gnl|CDD|182701 PRK10754, PRK10754, quinone oxidoreductase, NADPH-dependent;
Provisional.
Length = 327
Score = 69.0 bits (169), Expect = 6e-16
Identities = 32/50 (64%), Positives = 39/50 (78%), Gaps = 1/50 (2%)
Query: 2 AAGINPVETYIRSGQYPNLPDLPAILGTEVSGIVEEVGQGVKHFKVGDKV 51
A GIN ++TYIRSG YP P LP+ LGTE +G+V +VG GVKH KVGD+V
Sbjct: 37 AIGINYIDTYIRSGLYPP-PSLPSGLGTEAAGVVSKVGSGVKHIKVGDRV 85
>gnl|CDD|176203 cd08241, QOR1, Quinone oxidoreductase (QOR). QOR catalyzes the
conversion of a quinone + NAD(P)H to a hydroquinone +
NAD(P)+. Quinones are cyclic diones derived from
aromatic compounds. Membrane bound QOR acts in the
respiratory chains of bacteria and mitochondria, while
soluble QOR acts to protect from toxic quinones (e.g.
DT-diaphorase) or as a soluble eye-lens protein in some
vertebrates (e.g. zeta-crystalin). QOR reduces quinones
through a semi-quinone intermediate via a
NAD(P)H-dependent single electron transfer. QOR is a
member of the medium chain dehydrogenase/reductase
family, but lacks the zinc-binding sites of the
prototypical alcohol dehydrogenases of this group.
NAD(P)(H)-dependent oxidoreductases are the major
enzymes in the interconversion of alcohols and
aldehydes, or ketones. Alcohol dehydrogenase in the
liver converts ethanol and NAD+ to acetaldehyde and
NADH, while in yeast and some other microorganisms ADH
catalyzes the conversion acetaldehyde to ethanol in
alcoholic fermentation. ADH is a member of the medium
chain alcohol dehydrogenase family (MDR), which has a
NAD(P)(H)-binding domain in a Rossmann fold of a
beta-alpha form. The NAD(H)-binding region is
comprised of 2 structurally similar halves, each of
which contacts a mononucleotide. A GxGxxG motif after
the first mononucleotide contact half allows the close
contact of the coenzyme with the ADH backbone. The
N-terminal catalytic domain has a distant homology to
GroES. These proteins typically form dimers (typically
higher plants, mammals) or tetramers (yeast, bacteria),
and have 2 tightly bound zinc atoms per subunit, a
catalytic zinc at the active site, and a structural
zinc in a lobe of the catalytic domain. NAD(H)-binding
occurs in the cleft between the catalytic and
coenzyme-binding domains at the active site, and
coenzyme binding induces a conformational closing of
this cleft. Coenzyme binding typically precedes and
contributes to substrate binding. In human ADH
catalysis, the zinc ion helps coordinate the alcohol,
followed by deprotonation of a histidine, the ribose
of NAD, a serine, then the alcohol, which allows the
transfer of a hydride to NAD+, creating NADH and a
zinc-bound aldehyde or ketone. In yeast and some
bacteria, the active site zinc binds an aldehyde,
polarizing it, and leading to the reverse reaction.
Length = 323
Score = 67.9 bits (167), Expect = 1e-15
Identities = 28/64 (43%), Positives = 43/64 (67%), Gaps = 2/64 (3%)
Query: 1 MAAGINPVETYIRSGQYPNLPDLPAILGTEVSGIVEEVGQGVKHFKVGDKVFGKPILGKG 60
AAG+N + + G+Y P LP + G+EV+G+VE VG+GV FKVGD+V + G+G
Sbjct: 35 EAAGVNFPDLLMIQGKYQVKPPLPFVPGSEVAGVVEAVGEGVTGFKVGDRVVA--LTGQG 92
Query: 61 GYSQ 64
G+++
Sbjct: 93 GFAE 96
>gnl|CDD|176211 cd08249, enoyl_reductase_like, enoyl_reductase_like. Member
identified as possible enoyl reductase of the MDR
family. 2-enoyl thioester reductase (ETR) catalyzes the
NADPH-dependent dependent conversion of trans-2-enoyl
acyl carrier protein/coenzyme A (ACP/CoA) to
acyl-(ACP/CoA) in fatty acid synthesis. 2-enoyl
thioester reductase activity has been linked in
Candida tropicalis as essential in maintaining
mitiochondrial respiratory function. This ETR family is
a part of the medium chain dehydrogenase/reductase
family, but lack the zinc coordination sites
characteristic of the alcohol dehydrogenases in this
family. NAD(P)(H)-dependent oxidoreductases are the
major enzymes in the interconversion of alcohols and
aldehydes, or ketones. Alcohol dehydrogenase in the
liver converts ethanol and NAD+ to acetaldehyde and
NADH, while in yeast and some other microorganisms ADH
catalyzes the conversion acetaldehyde to ethanol in
alcoholic fermentation. ADH is a member of the medium
chain alcohol dehydrogenase family (MDR), which has a
NAD(P)(H)-binding domain in a Rossmann fold of a
beta-alpha form. The NAD(H)-binding region is comprised
of 2 structurally similar halves, each of which
contacts a mononucleotide. The N-terminal catalytic
domain has a distant homology to GroES. These proteins
typically form dimers (typically higher plants,
mammals) or tetramers (yeast, bacteria), and have 2
tightly bound zinc atoms per subunit, a catalytic zinc
at the active site, and a structural zinc in a lobe of
the catalytic domain. NAD(H)-binding occurs in the
cleft between the catalytic and coenzyme-binding
domains at the active site, and coenzyme binding
induces a conformational closing of this cleft.
Coenzyme binding typically precedes and contributes to
substrate binding. Candida tropicalis enoyl thioester
reductase (Etr1p) catalyzes the NADPH-dependent
reduction of trans-2-enoyl thioesters in mitochondrial
fatty acid synthesis. Etr1p forms homodimers with each
subunit containing a nucleotide-binding Rossmann fold
domain and a catalytic domain.
Length = 339
Score = 65.7 bits (161), Expect = 8e-15
Identities = 25/52 (48%), Positives = 32/52 (61%), Gaps = 2/52 (3%)
Query: 2 AAGINPVETYIRSGQYPNLPDLPAILGTEVSGIVEEVGQGVKHFKVGDKVFG 53
A +NPV+ + Y +P PAILG + +G V EVG GV FKVGD+V G
Sbjct: 35 AVALNPVDWKHQD--YGFIPSYPAILGCDFAGTVVEVGSGVTRFKVGDRVAG 84
>gnl|CDD|219758 pfam08240, ADH_N, Alcohol dehydrogenase GroES-like domain. This
is the catalytic domain of alcohol dehydrogenases. Many
of them contain an inserted zinc binding domain. This
domain has a GroES-like structure.
Length = 108
Score = 61.1 bits (149), Expect = 3e-14
Identities = 29/59 (49%), Positives = 37/59 (62%), Gaps = 1/59 (1%)
Query: 2 AAGINPVETYIRSGQYPNLPDLPAILGTEVSGIVEEVGQGVKHFKVGDKVFGKPILGKG 60
AAGI + +I G+ P + LP ILG E +GIVEEVG GV KVGD+V P++ G
Sbjct: 10 AAGICGSDLHIYRGEPPPVK-LPLILGHEGAGIVEEVGPGVTGLKVGDRVVVYPLIPCG 67
>gnl|CDD|234027 TIGR02824, quinone_pig3, putative NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase,
PIG3 family. Members of this family are putative
quinone oxidoreductases that belong to the broader
superfamily (modeled by Pfam pfam00107) of
zinc-dependent alcohol (of medium chain length)
dehydrogenases and quinone oxiooreductases. The
alignment shows no motif of conserved Cys residues as
are found in zinc-binding members of the superfamily,
and members are likely to be quinone oxidoreductases
instead. A member of this family in Homo sapiens, PIG3,
is induced by p53 but is otherwise uncharacterized
[Unknown function, Enzymes of unknown specificity].
Length = 325
Score = 63.0 bits (154), Expect = 8e-14
Identities = 28/63 (44%), Positives = 40/63 (63%), Gaps = 2/63 (3%)
Query: 2 AAGINPVETYIRSGQYPNLPDLPAILGTEVSGIVEEVGQGVKHFKVGDKVFGKPILGKGG 61
AAG+N + R+G+YP P ILG EV+G V VG+GV +KVGD+V ++ GG
Sbjct: 36 AAGVNRPDLLQRAGKYPPPPGASDILGLEVAGEVVAVGEGVSRWKVGDRVCA--LVAGGG 93
Query: 62 YSQ 64
Y++
Sbjct: 94 YAE 96
>gnl|CDD|173547 PTZ00354, PTZ00354, alcohol dehydrogenase; Provisional.
Length = 334
Score = 63.1 bits (154), Expect = 8e-14
Identities = 31/64 (48%), Positives = 40/64 (62%), Gaps = 2/64 (3%)
Query: 1 MAAGINPVETYIRSGQYPNLPDLPAILGTEVSGIVEEVGQGVKHFKVGDKVFGKPILGKG 60
AAG+N +T R G+YP P ILG EV+G VE+VG VK FK GD+V +L G
Sbjct: 36 SAAGVNRADTLQRQGKYPPPPGSSEILGLEVAGYVEDVGSDVKRFKEGDRVMA--LLPGG 93
Query: 61 GYSQ 64
GY++
Sbjct: 94 GYAE 97
>gnl|CDD|176214 cd08252, AL_MDR, Arginate lyase and other MDR family members.
This group contains a structure identified as an
arginate lyase. Other members are identified quinone
reductases, alginate lyases, and other proteins related
to the zinc-dependent dehydrogenases/reductases. QOR
catalyzes the conversion of a quinone and NAD(P)H to a
hydroquinone and NAD(P+. Quinones are cyclic diones
derived from aromatic compounds. Membrane bound QOR
acts in the respiratory chains of bacteria and
mitochondria, while soluble QOR acts to protect from
toxic quinones (e.g. DT-diaphorase) or as a soluble
eye-lens protein in some vertebrates (e.g.
zeta-crystalin). QOR reduces quinones through a
semi-quinone intermediate via a NAD(P)H-dependent
single electron transfer. QOR is a member of the medium
chain dehydrogenase/reductase family, but lacks the
zinc-binding sites of the prototypical alcohol
dehydrogenases of this group. Alcohol dehydrogenase in
the liver converts ethanol and NAD+ to acetaldehyde and
NADH, while in yeast and some other microorganisms ADH
catalyzes the conversion acetaldehyde to ethanol in
alcoholic fermentation. ADH is a member of the medium
chain alcohol dehydrogenase family (MDR), which has a
NAD(P)(H)-binding domain in a Rossmann fold of a
beta-alpha form. The NAD(H)-binding region is
comprised of 2 structurally similar halves, each of
which contacts a mononucleotide. The N-terminal
catalytic domain has a distant homology to GroES. These
proteins typically form dimers (typically higher
plants, mammals) or tetramers (yeast, bacteria), and
have 2 tightly bound zinc atoms per subunit, a
catalytic zinc at the active site and a structural zinc
in a lobe of the catalytic domain. NAD(H) binding
occurs in the cleft between the catalytic and
coenzyme-binding domains at the active site, and
coenzyme binding induces a conformational closing of
this cleft. Coenzyme binding typically precedes and
contributes to substrate binding. In human ADH
catalysis, the zinc ion helps coordinate the alcohol,
followed by deprotonation of a histidine, the ribose
of NAD, a serine, then the alcohol, which allows the
transfer of a hydride to NAD+, creating NADH and a
zinc-bound aldehyde or ketone. In yeast and some
bacteria, the active site zinc binds an aldehyde,
polarizing it, and leading to the reverse reaction.
Length = 336
Score = 62.5 bits (153), Expect = 1e-13
Identities = 26/51 (50%), Positives = 34/51 (66%), Gaps = 1/51 (1%)
Query: 2 AAGINPVETYIRSGQYPNLPDLPAILGTEVSGIVEEVGQGVKHFKVGDKVF 52
A +NPV+T +R+G P P P ILG + SG+VE VG V FKVGD+V+
Sbjct: 39 AVSVNPVDTKVRAGGAPV-PGQPKILGWDASGVVEAVGSEVTLFKVGDEVY 88
>gnl|CDD|176228 cd08267, MDR1, Medium chain dehydrogenases/reductase
(MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase-like family.
This group is a member of the medium chain
dehydrogenases/reductase (MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol
dehydrogenase-like family, but lacks the zinc-binding
sites of the zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases. The
medium chain dehydrogenases/reductase
(MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase-like family,
which contains the zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase
(ADH-Zn) and related proteins, is a diverse group of
proteins related to the first identified member, class I
mammalian ADH. MDRs display a broad range of activities
and are distinguished from the smaller short chain
dehydrogenases (~ 250 amino acids vs. the ~ 350 amino
acids of the MDR). The MDR proteins have 2 domains: a
C-terminal NAD(P)-binding Rossmann fold domain of a
beta-alpha form and an N-terminal catalytic domain with
distant homology to GroES. The MDR group contains a
host of activities, including the founding alcohol
dehydrogenase (ADH), quinone reductase, sorbitol
dehydrogenase, formaldehyde dehydrogenase, butanediol
DH, ketose reductase, cinnamyl reductase, and numerous
others. The zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs)
catalyze the NAD(P)(H)-dependent interconversion of
alcohols to aldehydes or ketones. Active site zinc has
a catalytic role, while structural zinc aids in
stability. ADH-like proteins typically form dimers
(typically higher plants, mammals) or tetramers (yeast,
bacteria), and generally have 2 tightly bound zinc atoms
per subunit. The active site zinc is coordinated by a
histidine, two cysteines, and a water molecule. The
second zinc seems to play a structural role, affects
subunit interactions, and is typically coordinated by 4
cysteines.
Length = 319
Score = 62.2 bits (152), Expect = 2e-13
Identities = 29/67 (43%), Positives = 38/67 (56%), Gaps = 5/67 (7%)
Query: 2 AAGINPVETYIRSGQYPNLPDL---PAILGTEVSGIVEEVGQGVKHFKVGDKVFGK-PIL 57
AA +NPV+ +R G P L P I G + +G V VG GV FKVGD+VFG+ P
Sbjct: 35 AASVNPVDWKLRRG-PPKLLLGRPFPPIPGMDFAGEVVAVGSGVTRFKVGDEVFGRLPPK 93
Query: 58 GKGGYSQ 64
G G ++
Sbjct: 94 GGGALAE 100
>gnl|CDD|176645 cd05282, ETR_like, 2-enoyl thioester reductase-like. 2-enoyl
thioester reductase (ETR) catalyzes the NADPH-dependent
conversion of trans-2-enoyl acyl carrier
protein/coenzyme A (ACP/CoA) to acyl-(ACP/CoA) in fatty
acid synthesis. 2-enoyl thioester reductase activity
has been linked in Candida tropicalis as essential in
maintaining mitiochondrial respiratory function. This
ETR family is a part of the medium chain
dehydrogenase/reductase family, but lack the zinc
coordination sites characteristic of the alcohol
dehydrogenases in this family. NAD(P)(H)-dependent
oxidoreductases are the major enzymes in the
interconversion of alcohols and aldehydes, or ketones.
Alcohol dehydrogenase in the liver converts ethanol and
NAD+ to acetaldehyde and NADH, while in yeast and some
other microorganisms ADH catalyzes the conversion
acetaldehyde to ethanol in alcoholic fermentation.
ADH is a member of the medium chain alcohol
dehydrogenase family (MDR), which has a
NAD(P)(H)-binding domain in a Rossmann fold of a
beta-alpha form. The NAD(H)-binding region is
comprised of 2 structurally similar halves, each of
which contacts a mononucleotide. The N-terminal
catalytic domain has a distant homology to GroES.
These proteins typically form dimers (typically higher
plants, mammals) or tetramers (yeast, bacteria), and
have 2 tightly bound zinc atoms per subunit, a
catalytic zinc at the active site and a structural zinc
in a lobe of the catalytic domain. NAD(H) binding
occurs in the cleft between the catalytic and
coenzyme-binding domains at the active site, and
coenzyme binding induces a conformational closing of
this cleft. Coenzyme binding typically precedes and
contributes to substrate binding. Candida tropicalis
enoyl thioester reductase (Etr1p) catalyzes the
NADPH-dependent reduction of trans-2-enoyl thioesters
in mitochondrial fatty acid synthesis. Etr1p forms
homodimers with each subunit containing a
nucleotide-binding Rossmann fold domain and a catalytic
domain.
Length = 323
Score = 57.7 bits (140), Expect = 6e-12
Identities = 27/63 (42%), Positives = 36/63 (57%), Gaps = 2/63 (3%)
Query: 2 AAGINPVETYIRSGQYPNLPDLPAILGTEVSGIVEEVGQGVKHFKVGDKVFGKPILGKGG 61
AA INP + SG Y + P LPA+ G E G+V EVG GV VG +V P+ G+G
Sbjct: 35 AAPINPSDLITISGAYGSRPPLPAVPGNEGVGVVVEVGSGVSGLLVGQRVL--PLGGEGT 92
Query: 62 YSQ 64
+ +
Sbjct: 93 WQE 95
>gnl|CDD|214840 smart00829, PKS_ER, Enoylreductase. Enoylreductase in Polyketide
synthases.
Length = 287
Score = 57.4 bits (140), Expect = 8e-12
Identities = 25/63 (39%), Positives = 33/63 (52%), Gaps = 7/63 (11%)
Query: 1 MAAGINPVETYIRSGQYPNLPDLPAILGTEVSGIVEEVGQGVKHFKVGDKVFGKPILGKG 60
AAG+N + I G YP A+LG E +G+V VG GV VGD+V G L G
Sbjct: 4 RAAGLNFRDVLIALGLYPG----EAVLGGECAGVVTRVGPGVTGLAVGDRVMG---LAPG 56
Query: 61 GYS 63
++
Sbjct: 57 AFA 59
>gnl|CDD|176179 cd05195, enoyl_red, enoyl reductase of polyketide synthase.
Putative enoyl reductase of polyketide synthase.
Polyketide synthases produce polyketides in step by
step mechanism that is similar to fatty acid synthesis.
Enoyl reductase reduces a double to single bond.
Erythromycin is one example of a polyketide generated
by 3 complex enzymes (megasynthases). 2-enoyl thioester
reductase (ETR) catalyzes the NADPH-dependent dependent
conversion of trans-2-enoyl acyl carrier
protein/coenzyme A (ACP/CoA) to acyl-(ACP/CoA) in fatty
acid synthesis. 2-enoyl thioester reductase activity
has been linked in Candida tropicalis as essential in
maintaining mitiochondrial respiratory function. This
ETR family is a part of the medium chain
dehydrogenase/reductase family, but lack the zinc
coordination sites characteristic of the alcohol
dehydrogenases in this family. NAD(P)(H)-dependent
oxidoreductases are the major enzymes in the
interconversion of alcohols and aldehydes or ketones.
Alcohol dehydrogenase in the liver converts ethanol and
NAD+ to acetaldehyde and NADH, while in yeast and some
other microorganisms ADH catalyzes the conversion
acetaldehyde to ethanol in alcoholic fermentation.
ADH is a member of the medium chain alcohol
dehydrogenase family (MDR), which has a
NAD(P)(H)-binding domain in a Rossmann fold of a
beta-alpha form. The NAD(H)-binding region is
comprised of 2 structurally similar halves, each of
which contacts a mononucleotide. The N-terminal
catalytic domain has a distant homology to GroES.
These proteins typically form dimers (typically higher
plants, mammals) or tetramers (yeast, bacteria), and
have 2 tightly bound zinc atoms per subunit, a
catalytic zinc at the active site, and a structural
zinc in a lobe of the catalytic domain. NAD(H) binding
occurs in the cleft between the catalytic and
coenzyme-binding domains, at the active site, and
coenzyme binding induces a conformational closing of
this cleft. Coenzyme binding typically precedes and
contributes to substrate binding.
Length = 293
Score = 56.8 bits (138), Expect = 1e-11
Identities = 25/63 (39%), Positives = 31/63 (49%), Gaps = 6/63 (9%)
Query: 1 MAAGINPVETYIRSGQYPNLPDLPAILGTEVSGIVEEVGQGVKHFKVGDKVFGKPILGKG 60
AAG+N + + G P LG E SGIV VG GV KVGD+V G L G
Sbjct: 8 KAAGLNFRDVLVALGLLP---GDETPLGLECSGIVTRVGSGVTGLKVGDRVMG---LAPG 61
Query: 61 GYS 63
++
Sbjct: 62 AFA 64
>gnl|CDD|176210 cd08248, RTN4I1, Human Reticulon 4 Interacting Protein 1. Human
Reticulon 4 Interacting Protein 1 is a member of the
medium chain dehydrogenase/ reductase (MDR) family.
Riticulons are endoplasmic reticulum associated proteins
involved in membrane trafficking and neuroendocrine
secretion. The MDR/zinc-dependent alcohol
dehydrogenase-like family, which contains the
zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH-Zn) and
related proteins, is a diverse group of proteins related
to the first identified member, class I mammalian ADH.
MDRs display a broad range of activities and are
distinguished from the smaller short chain
dehydrogenases (~ 250 amino acids vs. the ~ 350 amino
acids of the MDR). The MDR proteins have 2 domains: a
C-terminal NAD(P) binding-Rossmann fold domain of a
beta-alpha form and an N-terminal catalytic domain with
distant homology to GroES.
Length = 350
Score = 56.8 bits (138), Expect = 1e-11
Identities = 22/66 (33%), Positives = 36/66 (54%), Gaps = 14/66 (21%)
Query: 2 AAGINPVETYIRSG--------------QYPNLPDLPAILGTEVSGIVEEVGQGVKHFKV 47
AA +NP++ +RSG + + P LG + SG+V ++G GVK F++
Sbjct: 38 AASVNPIDVLMRSGYGRTLLNKKRKPQSCKYSGIEFPLTLGRDCSGVVVDIGSGVKSFEI 97
Query: 48 GDKVFG 53
GD+V+G
Sbjct: 98 GDEVWG 103
>gnl|CDD|176227 cd08266, Zn_ADH_like1, Alcohol dehydrogenases of the MDR family.
This group contains proteins related to the
zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases. However, while
the group has structural zinc site characteristic of
these enzymes, it lacks the consensus site for a
catalytic zinc. NAD(P)(H)-dependent oxidoreductases are
the major enzymes in the interconversion of alcohols
and aldehydes, or ketones. Alcohol dehydrogenase in
the liver converts ethanol and NAD+ to acetaldehyde and
NADH, while in yeast and some other microorganisms ADH
catalyzes the conversion acetaldehyde to ethanol in
alcoholic fermentation. ADH is a member of the medium
chain alcohol dehydrogenase family (MDR), which has a
NAD(P)(H)-binding domain in a Rossmann fold of a
beta-alpha form. The NAD(H)-binding region is
comprised of 2 structurally similar halves, each of
which contacts a mononucleotide. A GxGxxG motif after
the first mononucleotide contact half allows the close
contact of the coenzyme with the ADH backbone. The
N-terminal catalytic domain has a distant homology to
GroES. These proteins typically form dimers (typically
higher plants, mammals) or tetramers (yeast, bacteria),
and have 2 tightly bound zinc atoms per subunit, a
catalytic zinc at the active site, and a structural
zinc in a lobe of the catalytic domain. NAD(H)-binding
occurs in the cleft between the catalytic and
coenzyme-binding domains at the active site, and
coenzyme binding induces a conformational closing of
this cleft. Coenzyme binding typically precedes and
contributes to substrate binding. In human ADH
catalysis, the zinc ion helps coordinate the alcohol,
followed by deprotonation of a histidine, the ribose
of NAD, a serine, then the alcohol, which allows the
transfer of a hydride to NAD+, creating NADH and a
zinc-bound aldehyde or ketone. In yeast and some
bacteria, the active site zinc binds an aldehyde,
polarizing it, and leading to the reverse reaction.
Length = 342
Score = 55.0 bits (133), Expect = 7e-11
Identities = 20/50 (40%), Positives = 31/50 (62%)
Query: 2 AAGINPVETYIRSGQYPNLPDLPAILGTEVSGIVEEVGQGVKHFKVGDKV 51
AA +N ++ ++R G LP ILG++ +G+VE VG GV + K G +V
Sbjct: 36 AAALNHLDLWVRRGMPGIKLPLPHILGSDGAGVVEAVGPGVTNVKPGQRV 85
>gnl|CDD|176182 cd05279, Zn_ADH1, Liver alcohol dehydrogenase and related
zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases.
NAD(P)(H)-dependent oxidoreductases are the major
enzymes in the interconversion of alcohols and
aldehydes, or ketones. Alcohol dehydrogenase in the
liver converts ethanol and NAD+ to acetaldehyde and
NADH, while in yeast and some other microorganisms ADH
catalyzes the conversion acetaldehyde to ethanol in
alcoholic fermentation. There are 7 vertebrate ADH 7
classes, 6 of which have been identified in humans.
Class III, glutathione-dependent formaldehyde
dehydrogenase, has been identified as the primordial
form and exists in diverse species, including plants,
micro-organisms, vertebrates, and invertebrates. Class
I, typified by liver dehydrogenase, is an evolving
form. Gene duplication and functional specialization of
ADH into ADH classes and subclasses created numerous
forms in vertebrates. For example, the A, B and C
(formerly alpha, beta, gamma) human class I subunits
have high overall structural similarity, but differ in
the substrate binding pocket and therefore in substrate
specificity. In human ADH catalysis, the zinc ion
helps coordinate the alcohol, followed by deprotonation
of a histidine (His-51), the ribose of NAD, a serine
(Ser-48), then the alcohol, which allows the transfer
of a hydride to NAD+, creating NADH and a zinc-bound
aldehyde or ketone. In yeast and some bacteria, the
active site zinc binds an aldehyde, polarizing it, and
leading to the reverse reaction. ADH is a member of the
medium chain alcohol dehydrogenase family (MDR), which
has a NAD(P)(H)-binding domain in a Rossmann fold of an
beta-alpha form. The NAD(H)-binding region is
comprised of 2 structurally similar halves, each of
which contacts a mononucleotide. A GxGxxG motif after
the first mononucleotide contact half allows the close
contact of the coenzyme with the ADH backbone. The
N-terminal catalytic domain has a distant homology to
GroES. These proteins typically form dimers (typically
higher plants, mammals) or tetramers (yeast, bacteria),
and have 2 tightly bound zinc atoms per subunit, a
catalytic zinc at the active site and a structural zinc
in a lobe of the catalytic domain. NAD(H) binding
occurs in the cleft between the catalytic and
coenzyme-binding domains at the active site, and
coenzyme binding induces a conformational closing of
this cleft. Coenzyme binding typically precedes and
contributes to substrate binding.
Length = 365
Score = 52.1 bits (125), Expect = 6e-10
Identities = 22/50 (44%), Positives = 29/50 (58%), Gaps = 2/50 (4%)
Query: 2 AAGINPVETYIRSGQYPNLPDLPAILGTEVSGIVEEVGQGVKHFKVGDKV 51
A G+ + ++ G+ P LP ILG E +GIVE +G GV K GDKV
Sbjct: 34 ATGVCHTDLHVIDGKLPTP--LPVILGHEGAGIVESIGPGVTTLKPGDKV 81
>gnl|CDD|223990 COG1062, AdhC, Zn-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases, class III
[Energy production and conversion].
Length = 366
Score = 52.2 bits (126), Expect = 7e-10
Identities = 22/51 (43%), Positives = 28/51 (54%), Gaps = 2/51 (3%)
Query: 1 MAAGINPVETYIRSGQYPNLPDLPAILGTEVSGIVEEVGQGVKHFKVGDKV 51
A G+ + + SG P PA+LG E +GIVE VG+GV K GD V
Sbjct: 35 TATGVCHTDAHTLSGDDP--EGFPAVLGHEGAGIVEAVGEGVTSVKPGDHV 83
>gnl|CDD|176220 cd08259, Zn_ADH5, Alcohol dehydrogenases of the MDR family.
NAD(P)(H)-dependent oxidoreductases are the major
enzymes in the interconversion of alcohols and
aldehydes, or ketones. This group contains proteins
that share the characteristic catalytic and structural
zinc-binding sites of the zinc-dependent alcohol
dehydrogenase family. Alcohol dehydrogenase in the
liver converts ethanol and NAD+ to acetaldehyde and
NADH, while in yeast and some other microorganisms ADH
catalyzes the conversion acetaldehyde to ethanol in
alcoholic fermentation. ADH is a member of the medium
chain alcohol dehydrogenase family (MDR), which have a
NAD(P)(H)-binding domain in a Rossmann fold of a
beta-alpha form. The NAD(H)-binding region is
comprised of 2 structurally similar halves, each of
which contacts a mononucleotide. A GxGxxG motif after
the first mononucleotide contact half allows the close
contact of the coenzyme with the ADH backbone. The
N-terminal catalytic domain has a distant homology to
GroES. These proteins typically form dimers (typically
higher plants, mammals) or tetramers (yeast, bacteria),
and have 2 tightly bound zinc atoms per subunit, a
catalytic zinc at the active site and a structural zinc
in a lobe of the catalytic domain. NAD(H)-binding
occurs in the cleft between the catalytic and
coenzyme-binding domains at the active site, and
coenzyme binding induces a conformational closing of
this cleft. Coenzyme binding typically precedes and
contributes to substrate binding. In human ADH
catalysis, the zinc ion helps coordinate the alcohol,
followed by deprotonation of a histidine (His-51), the
ribose of NAD, a serine (Ser-48), then the alcohol,
which allows the transfer of a hydride to NAD+,
creating NADH and a zinc-bound aldehyde or ketone. In
yeast and some bacteria, the active site zinc binds an
aldehyde, polarizing it, and leading to the reverse
reaction.
Length = 332
Score = 51.2 bits (123), Expect = 2e-09
Identities = 24/60 (40%), Positives = 32/60 (53%), Gaps = 1/60 (1%)
Query: 1 MAAGINPVETYIRSGQYPNLPDLPAILGTEVSGIVEEVGQGVKHFKVGDKVFGKPILGKG 60
AAG+ + G +P P ILG E+ G VEEVG+GV+ FK GD+V + G
Sbjct: 33 KAAGVCYRDLLFWKGFFPRG-KYPLILGHEIVGTVEEVGEGVERFKPGDRVILYYYIPCG 91
>gnl|CDD|176239 cd08278, benzyl_alcohol_DH, Benzyl alcohol dehydrogenase. Benzyl
alcohol dehydrogenase is similar to liver alcohol
dehydrogenase, but has some amino acid substitutions
near the active site, which may determine the enzyme's
specificity of oxidizing aromatic substrates. Also
known as aryl-alcohol dehydrogenases, they catalyze the
conversion of an aromatic alcohol + NAD+ to an aromatic
aldehyde + NADH + H+. NAD(P)(H)-dependent
oxidoreductases are the major enzymes in the
interconversion of alcohols and aldehydes, or ketones.
Alcohol dehydrogenase in the liver converts ethanol and
NAD+ to acetaldehyde and NADH, while in yeast and some
other microorganisms ADH catalyzes the conversion
acetaldehyde to ethanol in alcoholic fermentation.
ADH is a member of the medium chain alcohol
dehydrogenase family (MDR), which has a
NAD(P)(H)-binding domain in a Rossmann fold of a
beta-alpha form. The NAD(H)-binding region is
comprised of 2 structurally similar halves, each of
which contacts a mononucleotide. A GxGxxG motif after
the first mononucleotide contact half allows the close
contact of the coenzyme with the ADH backbone. The
N-terminal catalytic domain has a distant homology to
GroES. These proteins typically form dimers (typically
higher plants, mammals) or tetramers (yeast, bacteria),
and have 2 tightly bound zinc atoms per subunit, a
catalytic zinc at the active site and a structural zinc
in a lobe of the catalytic domain. NAD(H) binding
occurs in the cleft between the catalytic and
coenzyme-binding domains at the active site, and
coenzyme binding induces a conformational closing of
this cleft. Coenzyme binding typically precedes and
contributes to substrate binding. In human ADH
catalysis, the zinc ion helps coordinate the alcohol,
followed by deprotonation of a histidine, the ribose
of NAD, a serine, then the alcohol, which allows the
transfer of a hydride to NAD+, creating NADH and a
zinc-bound aldehyde or ketone. In yeast and some
bacteria, the active site zinc binds an aldehyde,
polarizing it, and leading to the reverse reaction.
Length = 365
Score = 51.0 bits (123), Expect = 2e-09
Identities = 19/40 (47%), Positives = 23/40 (57%), Gaps = 2/40 (5%)
Query: 12 IRSGQYPNLPDLPAILGTEVSGIVEEVGQGVKHFKVGDKV 51
+R G P LPA+LG E +G+VE VG V K GD V
Sbjct: 46 VRDGGLP--TPLPAVLGHEGAGVVEAVGSAVTGLKPGDHV 83
>gnl|CDD|176225 cd08264, Zn_ADH_like2, Alcohol dehydrogenases of the MDR family.
This group resembles the zinc-dependent alcohol
dehydrogenases of the medium chain dehydrogenase
family. However, this subgroup does not contain the
characteristic catalytic zinc site. Also, it contains
an atypical structural zinc-binding pattern:
DxxCxxCxxxxxxxC. NAD(P)(H)-dependent oxidoreductases
are the major enzymes in the interconversion of
alcohols and aldehydes, or ketones. Alcohol
dehydrogenase in the liver converts ethanol and NAD+ to
acetaldehyde and NADH, while in yeast and some other
microorganisms ADH catalyzes the conversion
acetaldehyde to ethanol in alcoholic fermentation. ADH
is a member of the medium chain alcohol dehydrogenase
family (MDR), which has a NAD(P)(H)-binding domain in a
Rossmann fold of a beta-alpha form. The NAD(H)-binding
region is comprised of 2 structurally similar halves,
each of which contacts a mononucleotide. A GxGxxG motif
after the first mononucleotide contact half allows the
close contact of the coenzyme with the ADH backbone.
The N-terminal catalytic domain has a distant homology
to GroES. These proteins typically form dimers
(typically higher plants, mammals) or tetramers (yeast,
bacteria), and have 2 tightly bound zinc atoms per
subunit, a catalytic zinc at the active site and a
structural zinc in a lobe of the catalytic domain.
NAD(H)-binding occurs in the cleft between the
catalytic and coenzyme-binding domains at the active
site, and coenzyme binding induces a conformational
closing of this cleft. Coenzyme binding typically
precedes and contributes to substrate binding. In human
ADH catalysis, the zinc ion helps coordinate the
alcohol, followed by deprotonation of a histidine, the
ribose of NAD, a serine, then the alcohol, which allows
the transfer of a hydride to NAD+, creating NADH and a
zinc-bound aldehyde or ketone. In yeast and some
bacteria, the active site zinc binds an aldehyde,
polarizing it, and leading to the reverse reaction.
Length = 325
Score = 50.4 bits (121), Expect = 2e-09
Identities = 22/50 (44%), Positives = 30/50 (60%), Gaps = 2/50 (4%)
Query: 2 AAGINPVETYIRSGQYPNLPDLPAILGTEVSGIVEEVGQGVKHFKVGDKV 51
AG+NPV+ + + P +P I G E +G+VEEVG VK K GD+V
Sbjct: 35 MAGVNPVDYNVINA-VKVKP-MPHIPGAEFAGVVEEVGDHVKGVKKGDRV 82
>gnl|CDD|176240 cd08279, Zn_ADH_class_III, Class III alcohol dehydrogenase.
Glutathione-dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenases
(FDHs, Class III ADH) are members of the
zinc-dependent/medium chain alcohol dehydrogenase
family. FDH converts formaldehyde and NAD(P) to
formate and NAD(P)H. The initial step in this process
the spontaneous formation of a
S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione adduct from formaldehyde
and glutathione, followed by FDH-mediated oxidation
(and detoxification) of the adduct to
S-formylglutathione. NAD(P)(H)-dependent
oxidoreductases are the major enzymes in the
interconversion of alcohols and aldehydes or ketones.
Alcohol dehydrogenase in the liver converts ethanol and
NAD+ to acetaldehyde and NADH, while in yeast and some
other microorganisms ADH catalyzes the conversion
acetaldehyde to ethanol in alcoholic fermentation.
Class III ADH are also known as glutathione-dependent
formaldehyde dehydrogenase (FDH), which convert
aldehydes to corresponding carboxylic acid and alcohol.
ADH is a member of the medium chain alcohol
dehydrogenase family (MDR), which has a
NAD(P)(H)-binding domain in a Rossmann fold of an
beta-alpha form. The NAD(H)-binding region is comprised
of 2 structurally similar halves, each of which
contacts a mononucleotide. A GxGxxG motif after the
first mononucleotide contact half allows the close
contact of the coenzyme with the ADH backbone. The
N-terminal catalytic domain has a distant homology to
GroES. These proteins typically form dimers (typically
higher plants, mammals) or tetramers (yeast, bacteria),
and have 2 tightly bound zinc atoms per subunit, a
catalytic zinc at the active site and a structural zinc
in a lobe of the catalytic domain. NAD(H) binding
occurs in the cleft between the catalytic and
coenzyme-binding domains at the active site, and
coenzyme binding induces a conformational closing of
this cleft. Coenzyme binding typically precedes and
contributes to substrate binding.
Length = 363
Score = 50.2 bits (121), Expect = 3e-09
Identities = 18/30 (60%), Positives = 21/30 (70%)
Query: 22 DLPAILGTEVSGIVEEVGQGVKHFKVGDKV 51
LPA+LG E +G+VEEVG GV K GD V
Sbjct: 52 PLPAVLGHEGAGVVEEVGPGVTGVKPGDHV 81
>gnl|CDD|176195 cd08233, butanediol_DH_like, (2R,3R)-2,3-butanediol dehydrogenase.
(2R,3R)-2,3-butanediol dehydrogenase, a zinc-dependent
medium chain alcohol dehydrogenase, catalyzes the
NAD(+)-dependent oxidation of (2R,3R)-2,3-butanediol and
meso-butanediol to acetoin. BDH functions as a
homodimer. NAD(P)(H)-dependent oxidoreductases are the
major enzymes in the interconversion of alcohols and
aldehydes, or ketones. The medium chain alcohol
dehydrogenase family (MDR) have a NAD(P)(H)-binding
domain in a Rossmann fold of a beta-alpha form. The
N-terminal region typically has an all-beta catalytic
domain. These proteins typically form dimers (typically
higher plants, mammals) or tetramers (yeast, bacteria),
and have 2 tightly bound zinc atoms per subunit.
Sorbitol and aldose reductase are NAD(+) binding
proteins of the polyol pathway, which interconverts
glucose and fructose. Sorbitol dehydrogenase is
tetrameric and has a single catalytic zinc per subunit.
Length = 351
Score = 50.2 bits (121), Expect = 3e-09
Identities = 20/38 (52%), Positives = 24/38 (63%)
Query: 23 LPAILGTEVSGIVEEVGQGVKHFKVGDKVFGKPILGKG 60
P LG E SG+V EVG GV FKVGD+V +P + G
Sbjct: 64 APVTLGHEFSGVVVEVGSGVTGFKVGDRVVVEPTIKCG 101
>gnl|CDD|176252 cd08292, ETR_like_2, 2-enoyl thioester reductase (ETR) like
proteins, child 2. 2-enoyl thioester reductase (ETR)
like proteins. ETR catalyzes the NADPH-dependent
conversion of trans-2-enoyl acyl carrier
protein/coenzyme A (ACP/CoA) to acyl-(ACP/CoA) in fatty
acid synthesis. 2-enoyl thioester reductase activity
has been linked in Candida tropicalis as essential in
maintaining mitiochondrial respiratory function. This
ETR family is a part of the medium chain
dehydrogenase/reductase family, but lack the zinc
coordination sites characteristic of the 2-enoyl
thioester reductase (ETR) like proteins. ETR catalyzes
the NADPH-dependent dependent conversion of
trans-2-enoyl acyl carrier protein/coenzyme A (ACP/CoA)
to acyl-(ACP/CoA) in fatty acid synthesis. 2-enoyl
thioester reductase activity has been linked in Candida
tropicalis as essential in maintaining mitiochondrial
respiratory function. This ETR family is a part of the
medium chain dehydrogenase/reductase family, but lack
the zinc coordination sites characteristic of the
alcohol dehydrogenases in this family.
NAD(P)(H)-dependent oxidoreductases are the major
enzymes in the interconversion of alcohols and
aldehydes, or ketones. Alcohol dehydrogenase in the
liver converts ethanol and NAD+ to acetaldehyde and
NADH, while in yeast and some other microorganisms ADH
catalyzes the conversion acetaldehyde to ethanol in
alcoholic fermentation. ADH is a member of the medium
chain alcohol dehydrogenase family (MDR), which has a
NAD(P)(H)-binding domain in a Rossmann fold of a
beta-alpha form. The NAD(H)-binding region is
comprised of 2 structurally similar halves, each of
which contacts a mononucleotide. The N-terminal
catalytic domain has a distant homology to GroES.
These proteins typically form dimers (typically higher
plants, mammals) or tetramers (yeast, bacteria), and
have 2 tightly bound zinc atoms per subunit, a
catalytic zinc at the active site, and a structural
zinc in a lobe of the catalytic domain. NAD(H) binding
occurs in the cleft between the catalytic and
coenzyme-binding domains, at the active site, and
coenzyme binding induces a conformational closing of
this cleft. Coenzyme binding typically precedes and
contributes to substrate binding. Candida tropicalis
enoyl thioester reductase (Etr1p) catalyzes the
NADPH-dependent reduction of trans-2-enoyl thioesters
in mitochondrial fatty acid synthesis. Etr1p forms
homodimers, with each subunit containing a
nucleotide-binding Rossmann fold domain and a catalytic
domain.
Length = 324
Score = 49.6 bits (119), Expect = 5e-09
Identities = 21/45 (46%), Positives = 29/45 (64%)
Query: 14 SGQYPNLPDLPAILGTEVSGIVEEVGQGVKHFKVGDKVFGKPILG 58
G Y P+LPAI G+E G+V+ VG+GVK +VG +V P+ G
Sbjct: 49 RGTYGYKPELPAIGGSEAVGVVDAVGEGVKGLQVGQRVAVAPVHG 93
>gnl|CDD|234024 TIGR02817, adh_fam_1, zinc-binding alcohol dehydrogenase family
protein. Members of this model form a distinct subset
of the larger family of oxidoreductases that includes
zinc-binding alcohol dehydrogenases and NADPH:quinone
reductases (pfam00107). While some current members of
this family carry designations as putative alginate
lyase, it seems no sequence with a direct
characterization as such is detected by this model
[Energy metabolism, Fermentation].
Length = 336
Score = 49.4 bits (118), Expect = 6e-09
Identities = 21/51 (41%), Positives = 30/51 (58%), Gaps = 1/51 (1%)
Query: 2 AAGINPVETYIRSGQYPNLPDLPAILGTEVSGIVEEVGQGVKHFKVGDKVF 52
A +NPV+T +R+ P P ILG + +G+V VG V FK GD+V+
Sbjct: 38 AISVNPVDTKVRARMAPE-AGQPKILGWDAAGVVVAVGDEVTLFKPGDEVW 87
>gnl|CDD|176206 cd08244, MDR_enoyl_red, Possible enoyl reductase. Member
identified as possible enoyl reductase of the MDR
family. 2-enoyl thioester reductase (ETR) catalyzes the
NADPH-dependent dependent conversion of trans-2-enoyl
acyl carrier protein/coenzyme A (ACP/CoA) to
acyl-(ACP/CoA) in fatty acid synthesis. 2-enoyl
thioester reductase activity has been linked in Candida
tropicalis as essential in maintaining mitiochondrial
respiratory function. This ETR family is a part of the
medium chain dehydrogenase/reductase family, but lack
the zinc coordination sites characteristic of the
alcohol dehydrogenases in this family.
NAD(P)(H)-dependent oxidoreductases are the major
enzymes in the interconversion of alcohols and
aldehydes, or ketones. Alcohol dehydrogenase in the
liver converts ethanol and NAD+ to acetaldehyde and
NADH, while in yeast and some other microorganisms ADH
catalyzes the conversion acetaldehyde to ethanol in
alcoholic fermentation. ADH is a member of the medium
chain alcohol dehydrogenase family (MDR), which has a
NAD(P)(H)-binding domain in a Rossmann fold of a
beta-alpha form. The NAD(H)-binding region is comprised
of 2 structurally similar halves, each of which contacts
a mononucleotide. The N-terminal catalytic domain has a
distant homology to GroES. These proteins typically
form dimers (typically higher plants, mammals) or
tetramers (yeast, bacteria), and have 2 tightly bound
zinc atoms per subunit, a catalytic zinc at the active
site, and a structural zinc in a lobe of the catalytic
domain. NAD(H) binding occurs in the cleft between the
catalytic and coenzyme-binding domains at the active
site, and coenzyme binding induces a conformational
closing of this cleft. Coenzyme binding typically
precedes and contributes to substrate binding. Candida
tropicalis enoyl thioester reductase (Etr1p) catalyzes
the NADPH-dependent reduction of trans-2-enoyl
thioesters in mitochondrial fatty acid synthesis. Etr1p
forms homodimers, with each subunit containing a
nucleotide-binding Rossmann fold domain and a catalytic
domain.
Length = 324
Score = 49.3 bits (118), Expect = 7e-09
Identities = 26/65 (40%), Positives = 39/65 (60%), Gaps = 2/65 (3%)
Query: 2 AAGINPVETYIRSG--QYPNLPDLPAILGTEVSGIVEEVGQGVKHFKVGDKVFGKPILGK 59
AAG++ V+T +RSG P P+LP + G EV+G+V+ VG GV +G +V
Sbjct: 36 AAGVHFVDTQLRSGWGPGPFPPELPYVPGGEVAGVVDAVGPGVDPAWLGRRVVAHTGRAG 95
Query: 60 GGYSQ 64
GGY++
Sbjct: 96 GGYAE 100
>gnl|CDD|176198 cd08236, sugar_DH, NAD(P)-dependent sugar dehydrogenases. This
group contains proteins identified as sorbitol
dehydrogenases and other sugar dehydrogenases of the
medium-chain dehydrogenase/reductase family (MDR),
which includes zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase and
related proteins. Sorbitol and aldose reductase are
NAD(+) binding proteins of the polyol pathway, which
interconverts glucose and fructose. Sorbitol
dehydrogenase is tetrameric and has a single catalytic
zinc per subunit. NAD(P)(H)-dependent oxidoreductases
are the major enzymes in the interconversion of
alcohols and aldehydes, or ketones. Related proteins
include threonine dehydrogenase, formaldehyde
dehydrogenase, and butanediol dehydrogenase. The medium
chain alcohol dehydrogenase family (MDR) has a
NAD(P)(H)-binding domain in a Rossmann fold of a
beta-alpha form. The N-terminal region typically has an
all-beta catalytic domain. These proteins typically
form dimers (typically higher plants, mammals) or
tetramers (yeast, bacteria), and have 2 tightly bound
zinc atoms per subunit. Horse liver alcohol
dehydrogenase is a dimeric enzyme and each subunit has
two domains. The NAD binding domain is in a Rossmann
fold and the catalytic domain contains a zinc ion to
which substrates bind. There is a cleft between the
domains that closes upon formation of the ternary
complex.
Length = 343
Score = 48.4 bits (116), Expect = 1e-08
Identities = 26/62 (41%), Positives = 33/62 (53%), Gaps = 6/62 (9%)
Query: 1 MAAGI--NPVETYIRSGQYPNLPDLPAILGTEVSGIVEEVGQGVKHFKVGDKVFGKPILG 58
A GI + + Y+ +G Y P +LG E SG VEEVG GV VGD+V P+L
Sbjct: 32 KACGICGSDIPRYLGTGAYH----PPLVLGHEFSGTVEEVGSGVDDLAVGDRVAVNPLLP 87
Query: 59 KG 60
G
Sbjct: 88 CG 89
>gnl|CDD|176196 cd08234, threonine_DH_like, L-threonine dehydrogenase.
L-threonine dehydrogenase (TDH) catalyzes the
zinc-dependent formation of 2-amino-3-ketobutyrate from
L-threonine, via NAD(H)-dependent oxidation. THD is a
member of the zinc-requiring, medium chain
NAD(H)-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase family (MDR).
MDRs have a NAD(P)(H)-binding domain in a Rossmann
fold of a beta-alpha form. NAD(P)(H)-dependent
oxidoreductases are the major enzymes in the
interconversion of alcohols and aldehydes, or ketones.
The N-terminal region typically has an all-beta
catalytic domain. These proteins typically form dimers
(typically higher plants, mammals) or tetramers (yeast,
bacteria), and have 2 tightly bound zinc atoms per
subunit. Sorbitol and aldose reductase are NAD(+)
binding proteins of the polyol pathway, which
interconverts glucose and fructose.
Length = 334
Score = 48.3 bits (116), Expect = 2e-08
Identities = 19/51 (37%), Positives = 27/51 (52%), Gaps = 2/51 (3%)
Query: 1 MAAGINPVETYIRSGQYPNLPDLPAILGTEVSGIVEEVGQGVKHFKVGDKV 51
A GI + +I G++ P + G E +G+V VG V FKVGD+V
Sbjct: 32 AACGICGTDLHIYEGEFG--AAPPLVPGHEFAGVVVAVGSKVTGFKVGDRV 80
>gnl|CDD|176259 cd08299, alcohol_DH_class_I_II_IV, class I, II, IV alcohol
dehydrogenases. NAD(P)(H)-dependent oxidoreductases
are the major enzymes in the interconversion of
alcohols and aldehydes or ketones. This group includes
alcohol dehydrogenases corresponding to mammalian
classes I, II, IV. Alcohol dehydrogenase in the liver
converts ethanol and NAD+ to acetaldehyde and NADH,
while in yeast and some other microorganisms ADH
catalyzes the conversion acetaldehyde to ethanol in
alcoholic fermentation. ADH is a member of the medium
chain alcohol dehydrogenase family (MDR), which have a
NAD(P)(H)-binding domain in a Rossmann fold of a
beta-alpha form. The NAD(H)-binding region is
comprised of 2 structurally similar halves, each of
which contacts a mononucleotide. A GxGxxG motif after
the first mononucleotide contact half allows the close
contact of the coenzyme with the ADH backbone. The
N-terminal catalytic domain has a distant homology to
GroES. These proteins typically form dimers (typically
higher plants, mammals) or tetramers (yeast, bacteria),
and have 2 tightly bound zinc atoms per subunit, a
catalytic zinc at the active site and a structural zinc
in a lobe of the catalytic domain. NAD(H) binding
occurs in the cleft between the catalytic and
coenzyme-binding domains at the active site, and
coenzyme binding induces a conformational closing of
this cleft. Coenzyme binding typically precedes and
contributes to substrate binding. In human ADH
catalysis, the zinc ion helps coordinate the alcohol,
followed by deprotonation of a histidine (His-51), the
ribose of NAD, a serine (Ser-48) , then the alcohol,
which allows the transfer of a hydride to NAD+,
creating NADH and a zinc-bound aldehyde or ketone. In
yeast and some bacteria, the active site zinc binds an
aldehyde, polarizing it, and leading to the reverse
reaction.
Length = 373
Score = 48.1 bits (115), Expect = 2e-08
Identities = 23/50 (46%), Positives = 29/50 (58%), Gaps = 2/50 (4%)
Query: 2 AAGINPVETYIRSGQYPNLPDLPAILGTEVSGIVEEVGQGVKHFKVGDKV 51
A GI + ++ SG+ P ILG E +GIVE VG+GV K GDKV
Sbjct: 41 ATGICRSDDHVVSGKLVTP--FPVILGHEAAGIVESVGEGVTTVKPGDKV 88
>gnl|CDD|176237 cd08276, MDR7, Medium chain dehydrogenases/reductase
(MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase-like family.
This group is a member of the medium chain
dehydrogenases/reductase (MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol
dehydrogenase-like family, but lacks the zinc-binding
sites of the zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases. The
medium chain dehydrogenases/reductase
(MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase-like family,
which contains the zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase
(ADH-Zn) and related proteins, is a diverse group of
proteins related to the first identified member, class
I mammalian ADH. MDRs display a broad range of
activities and are distinguished from the smaller short
chain dehydrogenases (~ 250 amino acids vs. the ~ 350
amino acids of the MDR). The MDR proteins have 2
domains: a C-terminal NAD(P)-binding Rossmann fold
domain of a beta-alpha form and an N-terminal catalytic
domain with distant homology to GroES. The MDR group
contains a host of activities, including the founding
alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), quinone reductase,
sorbitol dehydrogenase, formaldehyde dehydrogenase,
butanediol DH, ketose reductase, cinnamyl reductase,
and numerous others. The zinc-dependent alcohol
dehydrogenases (ADHs) catalyze the NAD(P)(H)-dependent
interconversion of alcohols to aldehydes or ketones.
Active site zinc has a catalytic role, while structural
zinc aids in stability. ADH-like proteins typically
form dimers (typically higher plants, mammals) or
tetramers (yeast, bacteria), and generally have 2
tightly bound zinc atoms per subunit. The active site
zinc is coordinated by a histidine, two cysteines, and
a water molecule. The second zinc seems to play a
structural role, affects subunit interactions, and is
typically coordinated by 4 cysteines.
Length = 336
Score = 47.5 bits (114), Expect = 3e-08
Identities = 20/50 (40%), Positives = 29/50 (58%)
Query: 2 AAGINPVETYIRSGQYPNLPDLPAILGTEVSGIVEEVGQGVKHFKVGDKV 51
A +N + I +G+YP P I ++ +G V VG+GV FKVGD+V
Sbjct: 36 AVSLNYRDLLILNGRYPPPVKDPLIPLSDGAGEVVAVGEGVTRFKVGDRV 85
>gnl|CDD|176197 cd08235, iditol_2_DH_like, L-iditol 2-dehydrogenase. Putative
L-iditol 2-dehydrogenase based on annotation of some
members in this subgroup. L-iditol 2-dehydrogenase
catalyzes the NAD+-dependent conversion of L-iditol to
L-sorbose in fructose and mannose metabolism. This
enzyme is related to sorbitol dehydrogenase, alcohol
dehydrogenase, and other medium chain
dehydrogenase/reductases. The zinc-dependent alcohol
dehydrogenase (ADH-Zn)-like family of proteins is a
diverse group of proteins related to the first
identified member, class I mammalian ADH. This group
is also called the medium chain
dehydrogenases/reductase family (MDR) to highlight its
broad range of activities and to distinguish from the
smaller short chain dehydrogenases (~ 250 amino acids
vs. the ~ 350 amino acids of the MDR). The MDR
proteins have 2 domains: a C-terminal NAD(P)
binding-Rossmann fold domain of a beta-alpha form and
an N-terminal GroES-like catalytic domain. The MDR
group contains a host of activities, including the
founding alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), quinone
reductase, sorbitol dehydrogenase, formaldehyde
dehydrogenase, butanediol DH, ketose reductase,
cinnamyl reductase, and numerous others. The
zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs) catalyze
the NAD(P)(H)-dependent interconversion of alcohols to
aldehydes or ketones. Active site zinc has a catalytic
role, while structural zinc aids in stability.
ADH-like proteins typically form dimers (typically
higher plants, mammals) or tetramers (yeast, bacteria),
and generally have 2 tightly bound zinc atoms per
subunit. The active site zinc is coordinated by a
histidine, two cysteines, and a water molecule. The
second zinc seems to play a structural role, affects
subunit interactions, and is typically coordinated by 4
cysteines.
Length = 343
Score = 47.2 bits (113), Expect = 4e-08
Identities = 19/38 (50%), Positives = 24/38 (63%)
Query: 21 PDLPAILGTEVSGIVEEVGQGVKHFKVGDKVFGKPILG 58
P ILG E++G + EVG GV FKVGD+VF P +
Sbjct: 51 LKPPRILGHEIAGEIVEVGDGVTGFKVGDRVFVAPHVP 88
>gnl|CDD|176188 cd05285, sorbitol_DH, Sorbitol dehydrogenase. Sorbitol and
aldose reductase are NAD(+) binding proteins of the
polyol pathway, which interconverts glucose and
fructose. Sorbitol dehydrogenase is tetrameric and has
a single catalytic zinc per subunit. Aldose reductase
catalyzes the NADP(H)-dependent conversion of glucose
to sorbital, and SDH uses NAD(H) in the conversion of
sorbitol to fructose. NAD(P)(H)-dependent
oxidoreductases are the major enzymes in the
interconversion of alcohols and aldehydes, or ketones.
The medium chain alcohol dehydrogenase family (MDR)
have a NAD(P)(H)-binding domain in a Rossmann fold of a
beta-alpha form. The N-terminal region typically has an
all-beta catalytic domain. These proteins typically
form dimers (typically higher plants, mammals) or
tetramers (yeast, bacteria), and have 2 tightly bound
zinc atoms per subunit.
Length = 343
Score = 47.1 bits (113), Expect = 4e-08
Identities = 16/28 (57%), Positives = 19/28 (67%)
Query: 24 PAILGTEVSGIVEEVGQGVKHFKVGDKV 51
P +LG E +G V VG GV H KVGD+V
Sbjct: 55 PMVLGHESAGTVVAVGSGVTHLKVGDRV 82
>gnl|CDD|176222 cd08261, Zn_ADH7, Alcohol dehydrogenases of the MDR family. This
group contains members identified as related to
zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase and other members
of the MDR family. The medium chain
dehydrogenases/reductase (MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol
dehydrogenase-like family, which contains the
zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH-Zn) and
related proteins, is a diverse group of proteins
related to the first identified member, class I
mammalian ADH. MDRs display a broad range of
activities and are distinguished from the smaller short
chain dehydrogenases (~ 250 amino acids vs. the ~ 350
amino acids of the MDR). The MDR proteins have 2
domains: a C-terminal NAD(P)-binding Rossmann fold
domain of a beta-alpha form and an N-terminal catalytic
domain with distant homology to GroES. The MDR group
includes various activities, including the founding
alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), quinone reductase,
sorbitol dehydrogenase, formaldehyde dehydrogenase,
butanediol DH, ketose reductase, cinnamyl reductase,
and numerous others. The zinc-dependent alcohol
dehydrogenases (ADHs) catalyze the NAD(P)(H)-dependent
interconversion of alcohols to aldehydes or ketones.
Active site zinc has a catalytic role, while structural
zinc aids in stability. ADH-like proteins typically
form dimers (typically higher plants, mammals) or
tetramers (yeast, bacteria), and generally have 2
tightly bound zinc atoms per subunit. The active site
zinc is coordinated by a histidine, two cysteines, and
a water molecule. The second zinc seems to play a
structural role, affects subunit interactions, and is
typically coordinated by 4 cysteines.
Length = 337
Score = 46.8 bits (112), Expect = 5e-08
Identities = 24/58 (41%), Positives = 29/58 (50%), Gaps = 12/58 (20%)
Query: 3 AGINPVETYIRSGQYPNLPDLPAILGTEVSGIVEEVGQGVKHFKVGDKVFGKPILGKG 60
G NP +Y P ILG E+SG V EVG+GV KVGD+V P + G
Sbjct: 45 HGRNPFASY------------PRILGHELSGEVVEVGEGVAGLKVGDRVVVDPYISCG 90
>gnl|CDD|176187 cd05284, arabinose_DH_like, D-arabinose dehydrogenase. This
group contains arabinose dehydrogenase (AraDH) and
related alcohol dehydrogenases. AraDH is a member of
the medium chain dehydrogenase/reductase family and
catalyzes the NAD(P)-dependent oxidation of D-arabinose
and other pentoses, the initial step in the metabolism
of d-arabinose into 2-oxoglutarate. Like the alcohol
dehydrogenases, AraDH binds a zinc in the catalytic
cleft as well as a distal structural zinc. AraDH forms
homotetramers as a dimer of dimers. AraDH replaces a
conserved catalytic His with replace with Arg, compared
to the canonical ADH site. NAD(P)(H)-dependent
oxidoreductases are the major enzymes in the
interconversion of alcohols and aldehydes, or ketones.
Alcohol dehydrogenase in the liver converts ethanol and
NAD+ to acetaldehyde and NADH, while in yeast and some
other microorganisms ADH catalyzes the conversion
acetaldehyde to ethanol in alcoholic fermentation. ADH
is a member of the medium chain alcohol dehydrogenase
family (MDR), which has a NAD(P)(H)-binding domain in a
Rossmann fold of a beta-alpha form. The NAD(H)-binding
region is comprised of 2 structurally similar halves,
each of which contacts a mononucleotide. A GxGxxG
motif after the first mononucleotide contact half
allows the close contact of the coenzyme with the ADH
backbone. The N-terminal catalytic domain has a
distant homology to GroES. These proteins typically
form dimers (typically higher plants, mammals) or
tetramers (yeast, bacteria), and have 2 tightly bound
zinc atoms per subunit, a catalytic zinc at the active
site and a structural zinc in a lobe of the catalytic
domain. NAD(H) binding occurs in the cleft between the
catalytic and coenzyme-binding domains at the active
site, and coenzyme binding induces a conformational
closing of this cleft. Coenzyme binding typically
precedes and contributes to substrate binding. In human
ADH catalysis, the zinc ion helps coordinate the
alcohol, followed by deprotonation of a histidine, the
ribose of NAD, a serine, then the alcohol, which allows
the transfer of a hydride to NAD+, creating NADH and a
zinc-bound aldehyde or ketone. In yeast and some
bacteria, the active site zinc binds an aldehyde,
polarizing it, and leading to the reverse reaction.
Length = 340
Score = 46.8 bits (112), Expect = 5e-08
Identities = 18/42 (42%), Positives = 22/42 (52%), Gaps = 2/42 (4%)
Query: 12 IRSGQYPNL--PDLPAILGTEVSGIVEEVGQGVKHFKVGDKV 51
+ G + + LP LG E +G VEEVG GV K GD V
Sbjct: 44 VIDGVWGGILPYKLPFTLGHENAGWVEEVGSGVDGLKEGDPV 85
>gnl|CDD|223992 COG1064, AdhP, Zn-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases [General
function prediction only].
Length = 339
Score = 46.0 bits (110), Expect = 8e-08
Identities = 19/37 (51%), Positives = 23/37 (62%), Gaps = 1/37 (2%)
Query: 15 GQYPNLPDLPAILGTEVSGIVEEVGQGVKHFKVGDKV 51
G +P LP I G E+ G V EVG+GV KVGD+V
Sbjct: 50 GDWPVPK-LPLIPGHEIVGTVVEVGEGVTGLKVGDRV 85
>gnl|CDD|176250 cd08290, ETR, 2-enoyl thioester reductase (ETR). 2-enoyl
thioester reductase (ETR) catalyzes the NADPH-dependent
conversion of trans-2-enoyl acyl carrier
protein/coenzyme A (ACP/CoA) to acyl-(ACP/CoA) in fatty
acid synthesis. 2-enoyl thioester reductase activity
has been linked in Candida tropicalis as essential in
maintaining mitiochondrial respiratory function. This
ETR family is a part of the medium chain
dehydrogenase/reductase family, but lack the zinc
coordination sites characteristic of the alcohol
dehydrogenases in this family. NAD(P)(H)-dependent
oxidoreductases are the major enzymes in the
interconversion of alcohols and aldehydes, or ketones.
Alcohol dehydrogenase in the liver converts ethanol and
NAD+ to acetaldehyde and NADH, while in yeast and some
other microorganisms ADH catalyzes the conversion
acetaldehyde to ethanol in alcoholic fermentation.
ADH is a member of the medium chain alcohol
dehydrogenase family (MDR), which has a
NAD(P)(H)-binding domain in a Rossmann fold of a
beta-alpha form. The NAD(H)-binding region is comprised
of 2 structurally similar halves, each of which
contacts a mononucleotide. The N-terminal catalytic
domain has a distant homology to GroES. These proteins
typically form dimers (typically higher plants,
mammals) or tetramers (yeast, bacteria), and have 2
tightly bound zinc atoms per subunit, a catalytic zinc
at the active site, and a structural zinc in a lobe of
the catalytic domain. NAD(H) binding occurs in the
cleft between the catalytic and coenzyme-binding
domains, at the active site, and coenzyme binding
induces a conformational closing of this cleft.
Coenzyme binding typically precedes and contributes to
substrate binding. Candida tropicalis enoyl thioester
reductase (Etr1p) catalyzes the NADPH-dependent
reduction of trans-2-enoyl thioesters in mitochondrial
fatty acid synthesis. Etr1p forms homodimers, with each
subunit containing a nucleotide-binding Rossmann fold
domain and a catalytic domain.
Length = 341
Score = 44.9 bits (107), Expect = 2e-07
Identities = 27/63 (42%), Positives = 33/63 (52%), Gaps = 5/63 (7%)
Query: 1 MAAGINPVETYIRSGQYPNLP----DLPAILGTEVSGIVEEVGQGVKHFKVGDKVF-GKP 55
+AA INP + G YP P + PA+ G E G V +VG GVK K GD V +P
Sbjct: 37 LAAPINPADINQIQGVYPIKPPTTPEPPAVGGNEGVGEVVKVGSGVKSLKPGDWVIPLRP 96
Query: 56 ILG 58
LG
Sbjct: 97 GLG 99
>gnl|CDD|176238 cd08277, liver_alcohol_DH_like, Liver alcohol dehydrogenase.
NAD(P)(H)-dependent oxidoreductases are the major
enzymes in the interconversion of alcohols and
aldehydes, or ketones. Alcohol dehydrogenase in the
liver converts ethanol and NAD+ to acetaldehyde and
NADH, while in yeast and some other microorganisms ADH
catalyzes the conversion acetaldehyde to ethanol in
alcoholic fermentation. There are 7 vertebrate ADH 7
classes, 6 of which have been identified in humans.
Class III, glutathione-dependent formaldehyde
dehydrogenase, has been identified as the primordial
form and exists in diverse species, including plants,
micro-organisms, vertebrates, and invertebrates. Class
I, typified by liver dehydrogenase, is an evolving
form. Gene duplication and functional specialization of
ADH into ADH classes and subclasses created numerous
forms in vertebrates. For example, the A, B and C
(formerly alpha, beta, gamma) human class I subunits
have high overall structural similarity, but differ in
the substrate binding pocket and therefore in substrate
specificity. In human ADH catalysis, the zinc ion helps
coordinate the alcohol, followed by deprotonation of a
histidine (His-51), the ribose of NAD, a serine
(Ser-48) , then the alcohol, which allows the transfer
of a hydride to NAD+, creating NADH and a zinc-bound
aldehyde or ketone. In yeast and some bacteria, the
active site zinc binds an aldehyde, polarizing it, and
leading to the reverse reaction. ADH is a member of the
medium chain alcohol dehydrogenase family (MDR), which
has a NAD(P)(H)-binding domain in a Rossmann fold of an
beta-alpha form. The NAD(H)-binding region is comprised
of 2 structurally similar halves, each of which
contacts a mononucleotide. A GxGxxG motif after the
first mononucleotide contact half allows the close
contact of the coenzyme with the ADH backbone. The
N-terminal catalytic domain has a distant homology to
GroES. These proteins typically form dimers (typically
higher plants, mammals) or tetramers (yeast, bacteria),
and have 2 tightly bound zinc atoms per subunit, a
catalytic zinc at the active site and a structural zinc
in a lobe of the catalytic domain. NAD(H) binding
occurs in the cleft between the catalytic and
coenzyme-binding domains at the active site, and
coenzyme binding induces a conformational closing of
this cleft. Coenzyme binding typically precedes and
contributes to substrate binding.
Length = 365
Score = 45.0 bits (107), Expect = 2e-07
Identities = 20/51 (39%), Positives = 26/51 (50%), Gaps = 2/51 (3%)
Query: 1 MAAGINPVETYIRSGQYPNLPDLPAILGTEVSGIVEEVGQGVKHFKVGDKV 51
+A + + G P ILG E +GIVE VG+GV + K GDKV
Sbjct: 35 LATSVCHTDILAIEGFKA--TLFPVILGHEGAGIVESVGEGVTNLKPGDKV 83
>gnl|CDD|184316 PRK13771, PRK13771, putative alcohol dehydrogenase; Provisional.
Length = 334
Score = 44.6 bits (106), Expect = 3e-07
Identities = 22/39 (56%), Positives = 25/39 (64%), Gaps = 1/39 (2%)
Query: 15 GQYPNLPDLPAILGTEVSGIVEEVGQGVKHFKVGDKVFG 53
G YP + P ILG EV G VEEVG+ VK FK GD+V
Sbjct: 47 GFYPRM-KYPVILGHEVVGTVEEVGENVKGFKPGDRVAS 84
>gnl|CDD|176213 cd08251, polyketide_synthase, polyketide synthase. Polyketide
synthases produce polyketides in step by step mechanism
that is similar to fatty acid synthesis. Enoyl
reductase reduces a double to single bond. Erythromycin
is one example of a polyketide generated by 3 complex
enzymes (megasynthases). 2-enoyl thioester reductase
(ETR) catalyzes the NADPH-dependent dependent
conversion of trans-2-enoyl acyl carrier
protein/coenzyme A (ACP/CoA) to acyl-(ACP/CoA) in fatty
acid synthesis. 2-enoyl thioester reductase activity
has been linked in Candida tropicalis as essential in
maintaining mitiochondrial respiratory function. This
ETR family is a part of the medium chain
dehydrogenase/reductase family, but lack the zinc
coordination sites characteristic of the alcohol
dehydrogenases in this family. NAD(P)(H)-dependent
oxidoreductases are the major enzymes in the
interconversion of alcohols and aldehydes, or ketones.
Alcohol dehydrogenase in the liver converts ethanol and
NAD+ to acetaldehyde and NADH, while in yeast and some
other microorganisms ADH catalyzes the conversion
acetaldehyde to ethanol in alcoholic fermentation. ADH
is a member of the medium chain alcohol dehydrogenase
family (MDR), which have a NAD(P)(H)-binding domain in
a Rossmann fold of a beta-alpha form. The
NAD(H)-binding region is comprised of 2 structurally
similar halves, each of which contacts a
mononucleotide. The N-terminal catalytic domain has a
distant homology to GroES. These proteins typically
form dimers (typically higher plants, mammals) or
tetramers (yeast, bacteria), and have 2 tightly bound
zinc atoms per subunit, a catalytic zinc at the active
site, and a structural zinc in a lobe of the catalytic
domain. NAD(H)-binding occurs in the cleft between the
catalytic and coenzyme-binding domains at the active
site, and coenzyme binding induces a conformational
closing of this cleft. Coenzyme binding typically
precedes and contributes to substrate binding.
Length = 303
Score = 44.3 bits (105), Expect = 3e-07
Identities = 17/37 (45%), Positives = 20/37 (54%)
Query: 15 GQYPNLPDLPAILGTEVSGIVEEVGQGVKHFKVGDKV 51
G YP +P P G E SG+V VG V VGD+V
Sbjct: 29 GLYPTMPPYPFTPGFEASGVVRAVGPHVTRLAVGDEV 65
>gnl|CDD|176232 cd08271, MDR5, Medium chain dehydrogenases/reductase
(MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase-like family.
This group is a member of the medium chain
dehydrogenases/reductase (MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol
dehydrogenase-like family, but lacks the zinc-binding
sites of the zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases. The
medium chain dehydrogenases/reductase
(MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase-like family,
which contains the zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase
(ADH-Zn) and related proteins, is a diverse group of
proteins related to the first identified member, class
I mammalian ADH. MDRs display a broad range of
activities and are distinguished from the smaller short
chain dehydrogenases (~ 250 amino acids vs. the ~ 350
amino acids of the MDR). The MDR proteins have 2
domains: a C-terminal NAD(P)-binding Rossmann fold
domain of a beta-alpha form and an N-terminal catalytic
domain with distant homology to GroES. The MDR group
contains a host of activities, including the founding
alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), quinone reductase,
sorbitol dehydrogenase, formaldehyde dehydrogenase,
butanediol DH, ketose reductase, cinnamyl reductase,
and numerous others. The zinc-dependent alcohol
dehydrogenases (ADHs) catalyze the NAD(P)(H)-dependent
interconversion of alcohols to aldehydes or ketones.
Active site zinc has a catalytic role, while structural
zinc aids in stability. ADH-like proteins typically
form dimers (typically higher plants, mammals) or
tetramers (yeast, bacteria), and generally have 2
tightly bound zinc atoms per subunit. The active site
zinc is coordinated by a histidine, two cysteines, and
a water molecule. The second zinc seems to play a
structural role, affects subunit interactions, and is
typically coordinated by 4 cysteines.
Length = 325
Score = 44.6 bits (106), Expect = 3e-07
Identities = 22/60 (36%), Positives = 33/60 (55%), Gaps = 1/60 (1%)
Query: 2 AAGINPVETYIRSGQYPNLPDLPAILGTEVSGIVEEVGQGVKHFKVGDKVFGKPILGKGG 61
AAG+NPV+ + + P P + G + +G+V VG V +KVGD+V L +GG
Sbjct: 36 AAGLNPVDWKVIAWGPPA-WSYPHVPGVDGAGVVVAVGAKVTGWKVGDRVAYHASLARGG 94
>gnl|CDD|176261 cd08301, alcohol_DH_plants, Plant alcohol dehydrogenase.
NAD(P)(H)-dependent oxidoreductases are the major
enzymes in the interconversion of alcohols and
aldehydes or ketones. Alcohol dehydrogenase in the
liver converts ethanol and NAD+ to acetaldehyde and
NADH, while in yeast and some other microorganisms ADH
catalyzes the conversion acetaldehyde to ethanol in
alcoholic fermentation. There are 7 vertebrate ADH 7
classes, 6 of which have been identified in humans.
Class III, glutathione-dependent formaldehyde
dehydrogenase, has been identified as the primordial
form and exists in diverse species, including plants,
micro-organisms, vertebrates, and invertebrates. Class
I, typified by liver dehydrogenase, is an evolving
form. Gene duplication and functional specialization of
ADH into ADH classes and subclasses created numerous
forms in vertebrates. For example, the A, B and C
(formerly alpha, beta, gamma) human class I subunits
have high overall structural similarity, but differ in
the substrate binding pocket and therefore in substrate
specificity. In human ADH catalysis, the zinc ion
helps coordinate the alcohol, followed by deprotonation
of a histidine (His-51), the ribose of NAD, a serine
(Ser-48) , then the alcohol, which allows the transfer
of a hydride to NAD+, creating NADH and a zinc-bound
aldehyde or ketone. In yeast and some bacteria, the
active site zinc binds an aldehyde, polarizing it, and
leading to the reverse reaction. ADH is a member of the
medium chain alcohol dehydrogenase family (MDR), which
has a NAD(P)(H)-binding domain in a Rossmann fold of an
beta-alpha form. The NAD(H)-binding region is comprised
of 2 structurally similar halves, each of which
contacts a mononucleotide. A GxGxxG motif after the
first mononucleotide contact half allows the close
contact of the coenzyme with the ADH backbone. The
N-terminal catalytic domain has a distant homology to
GroES. These proteins typically form dimers (typically
higher plants, mammals) or tetramers (yeast, bacteria),
and have 2 tightly bound zinc atoms per subunit, a
catalytic zinc at the active site and a structural zinc
in a lobe of the catalytic domain. NAD(H) binding
occurs in the cleft between the catalytic and
coenzyme-binding domains at the active site, and
coenzyme binding induces a conformational closing of
this cleft. Coenzyme binding typically precedes and
contributes to substrate binding.
Length = 369
Score = 44.6 bits (106), Expect = 3e-07
Identities = 18/32 (56%), Positives = 20/32 (62%)
Query: 20 LPDLPAILGTEVSGIVEEVGQGVKHFKVGDKV 51
P P ILG E +GIVE VG+GV K GD V
Sbjct: 53 TPLFPRILGHEAAGIVESVGEGVTDLKPGDHV 84
>gnl|CDD|176209 cd08247, AST1_like, AST1 is a cytoplasmic protein associated with
the periplasmic membrane in yeast. This group contains
members identified in targeting of yeast membrane
proteins ATPase. AST1 is a cytoplasmic protein
associated with the periplasmic membrane in yeast,
identified as a multicopy suppressor of pma1 mutants
which cause temperature sensitive growth arrest due to
the inability of ATPase to target to the cell surface.
This family is homologous to the medium chain family of
dehydrogenases and reductases. Medium chain
dehydrogenases/reductase (MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol
dehydrogenase-like family, which contains the
zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH-Zn) and
related proteins, is a diverse group of proteins related
to the first identified member, class I mammalian ADH.
MDRs display a broad range of activities and are
distinguished from the smaller short chain
dehydrogenases (~ 250 amino acids vs. the ~ 350 amino
acids of the MDR). The MDR proteins have 2 domains: a
C-terminal NAD(P) binding-Rossmann fold domain of an
beta-alpha form and an N-terminal catalytic domain with
distant homology to GroES.
Length = 352
Score = 44.2 bits (105), Expect = 4e-07
Identities = 23/67 (34%), Positives = 35/67 (52%), Gaps = 4/67 (5%)
Query: 2 AAGINPVETYIRSGQYPNLPDLPAILGTEVSGIVEEVGQGVKH-FKVGDKVFG---KPIL 57
AA +NPV+ + + + LG + SG++ +VG V +KVGD+V G P
Sbjct: 37 AAALNPVDLKLYNSYTFHFKVKEKGLGRDYSGVIVKVGSNVASEWKVGDEVCGIYPHPYG 96
Query: 58 GKGGYSQ 64
G+G SQ
Sbjct: 97 GQGTLSQ 103
>gnl|CDD|176226 cd08265, Zn_ADH3, Alcohol dehydrogenases of the MDR family. This
group resembles the zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase
and has the catalytic and structural zinc-binding sites
characteristic of this group. The medium chain
dehydrogenases/reductase (MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol
dehydrogenase-like family, which contains the
zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH-Zn) and
related proteins, is a diverse group of proteins related
to the first identified member, class I mammalian ADH.
MDRs display a broad range of activities and are
distinguished from the smaller short chain
dehydrogenases (~ 250 amino acids vs. the ~ 350 amino
acids of the MDR). The MDR proteins have 2 domains: a
C-terminal NAD(P) binding-Rossmann fold domain of a
beta-alpha form and an N-terminal catalytic domain with
distant homology to GroES. The MDR group contains a
host of activities, including the founding alcohol
dehydrogenase (ADH), quinone reductase, sorbitol
dehydrogenase, formaldehyde dehydrogenase, butanediol
DH, ketose reductase, cinnamyl reductase, and numerous
others. The zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs)
catalyze the NAD(P)(H)-dependent interconversion of
alcohols to aldehydes or ketones. Active site zinc has
a catalytic role, while structural zinc aids in
stability. ADH-like proteins typically form dimers
(typically higher plants, mammals) or tetramers (yeast,
bacteria), and generally have 2 tightly bound zinc atoms
per subunit. The active site zinc is coordinated by a
histidine, two cysteines, and a water molecule. The
second zinc seems to play a structural role, affects
subunit interactions, and is typically coordinated by 4
cysteines. Other MDR members have only a catalytic zinc,
and some contain no coordinated zinc.
Length = 384
Score = 43.7 bits (103), Expect = 6e-07
Identities = 17/41 (41%), Positives = 28/41 (68%)
Query: 17 YPNLPDLPAILGTEVSGIVEEVGQGVKHFKVGDKVFGKPIL 57
YP L + P ++G E SG+VE+ G+ VK+F+ GD V + ++
Sbjct: 81 YPGLTEFPVVIGHEFSGVVEKTGKNVKNFEKGDPVTAEEMM 121
>gnl|CDD|176260 cd08300, alcohol_DH_class_III, class III alcohol dehydrogenases.
Members identified as glutathione-dependent
formaldehyde dehydrogenase(FDH), a member of the zinc
dependent/medium chain alcohol dehydrogenase family.
FDH converts formaldehyde and NAD(P) to formate and
NAD(P)H. The initial step in this process the
spontaneous formation of a S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione
adduct from formaldehyde and glutathione, followed by
FDH-mediated oxidation (and detoxification) of the
adduct to S-formylglutathione. MDH family uses NAD(H)
as a cofactor in the interconversion of alcohols and
aldehydes or ketones. Like many zinc-dependent alcohol
dehydrogenases (ADH) of the medium chain alcohol
dehydrogenase/reductase family (MDR), these FDHs form
dimers, with 4 zinc ions per dimer. The medium chain
alcohol dehydrogenase family (MDR) have a
NAD(P)(H)-binding domain in a Rossmann fold of a
beta-alpha form. The N-terminal region typically has an
all-beta catalytic domain. These proteins typically
form dimers (typically higher plants, mammals) or
tetramers (yeast, bacteria), and have 2 tightly bound
zinc atoms per subunit. Alcohol dehydrogenase in the
liver converts ethanol and NAD+ to acetaldehyde and
NADH, while in yeast and some other microorganisms ADH
catalyzes the conversion acetaldehyde to ethanol in
alcoholic fermentation. ADH is a member of the medium
chain alcohol dehydrogenase family (MDR), which have a
NAD(P)(H)-binding domain in a Rossmann fold of a
beta-alpha form. The NAD(H)-binding region is comprised
of 2 structurally similar halves, each of which
contacts a mononucleotide. A GxGxxG motif after the
first mononucleotide contact half allows the close
contact of the coenzyme with the ADH backbone. The
N-terminal catalytic domain has a distant homology to
GroES. These proteins typically form dimers (typically
higher plants, mammals) or tetramers (yeast, bacteria),
and have 2 tightly bound zinc atoms per subunit, a
catalytic zinc at the active site and a structural zinc
in a lobe of the catalytic domain. NAD(H) binding
occurs in the cleft between the catalytic and
coenzyme-binding domains at the active site, and
coenzyme binding induces a conformational closing of
this cleft. Coenzyme binding typically precedes and
contributes to substrate binding.
Length = 368
Score = 43.4 bits (103), Expect = 7e-07
Identities = 17/28 (60%), Positives = 19/28 (67%)
Query: 24 PAILGTEVSGIVEEVGQGVKHFKVGDKV 51
P ILG E +GIVE VG+GV K GD V
Sbjct: 57 PVILGHEGAGIVESVGEGVTSVKPGDHV 84
>gnl|CDD|176246 cd08286, FDH_like_ADH2, formaldehyde dehydrogenase (FDH)-like.
This group is related to formaldehyde dehydrogenase
(FDH), which is a member of the zinc-dependent/medium
chain alcohol dehydrogenase family. This family uses
NAD(H) as a cofactor in the interconversion of alcohols
and aldehydes, or ketones. Another member is identified
as a dihydroxyacetone reductase. Like the
zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases (ADH) of the
medium chain alcohol dehydrogenase/reductase family
(MDR), tetrameric FDHs have a catalytic zinc that
resides between the catalytic and NAD(H)binding domains
and a structural zinc in a lobe of the catalytic
domain. Unlike ADH, where NAD(P)(H) acts as a cofactor,
NADH in FDH is a tightly bound redox cofactor (similar
to nicotinamide proteins). The medium chain alcohol
dehydrogenase family (MDR) has a NAD(P)(H)-binding
domain in a Rossmann fold of a beta-alpha form. The
N-terminal region typically has an all-beta catalytic
domain. These proteins typically form dimers (typically
higher plants, mammals) or tetramers (yeast, bacteria),
and have 2 tightly bound zinc atoms per subunit.
Length = 345
Score = 43.4 bits (103), Expect = 8e-07
Identities = 17/26 (65%), Positives = 20/26 (76%)
Query: 26 ILGTEVSGIVEEVGQGVKHFKVGDKV 51
ILG E G+VEEVG V +FKVGD+V
Sbjct: 57 ILGHEGVGVVEEVGSAVTNFKVGDRV 82
>gnl|CDD|176257 cd08297, CAD3, Cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenases (CAD). These
alcohol dehydrogenases are related to the cinnamyl
alcohol dehydrogenases (CAD), members of the medium
chain dehydrogenase/reductase family.
NAD(P)(H)-dependent oxidoreductases are the major
enzymes in the interconversion of alcohols and
aldehydes, or ketones. Cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenases
(CAD) reduce cinnamaldehydes to cinnamyl alcohols in
the last step of monolignal metabolism in plant cells
walls. CAD binds 2 zinc ions and is NADPH- dependent.
CAD family members are also found in non-plant species,
e.g. in yeast where they have an aldehyde reductase
activity. The medium chain dehydrogenases/reductase
(MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase-like family,
which contains the zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase
(ADH-Zn) and related proteins, is a diverse group of
proteins related to the first identified member, class
I mammalian ADH. MDRs display a broad range of
activities and are distinguished from the smaller short
chain dehydrogenases (~ 250 amino acids vs. the ~ 350
amino acids of the MDR). The MDR proteins have 2
domains: a C-terminal NAD(P) binding-Rossmann fold
domain of a beta-alpha form and an N-terminal catalytic
domain with distant homology to GroES. The MDR group
contains a host of activities, including the founding
alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), quinone reductase,
sorbitol dehydrogenase, formaldehyde dehydrogenase,
butanediol DH, ketose reductase, cinnamyl reductase,
and numerous others. The zinc-dependent alcohol
dehydrogenases (ADHs) catalyze the NAD(P)(H)-dependent
interconversion of alcohols to aldehydes or ketones.
Active site zinc has a catalytic role, while structural
zinc aids in stability. ADH-like proteins typically
form dimers (typically higher plants, mammals) or
tetramers (yeast, bacteria), and generally have 2
tightly bound zinc atoms per subunit. The active site
zinc is coordinated by a histidine, two cysteines, and
a water molecule. The second zinc seems to play a
structural role, affects subunit interactions, and is
typically coordinated by 4 cysteines.
Length = 341
Score = 43.3 bits (103), Expect = 9e-07
Identities = 19/40 (47%), Positives = 23/40 (57%)
Query: 12 IRSGQYPNLPDLPAILGTEVSGIVEEVGQGVKHFKVGDKV 51
G +P P LP I G E +G+V VG GV KVGD+V
Sbjct: 45 AALGDWPVKPKLPLIGGHEGAGVVVAVGPGVSGLKVGDRV 84
>gnl|CDD|176216 cd08254, hydroxyacyl_CoA_DH,
6-hydroxycyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxyl-CoA dehydrogenase,
N-benzyl-3-pyrrolidinol dehydrogenase, and other MDR
family members. This group contains enzymes of the
zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase family, including
members (aka MDR) identified as
6-hydroxycyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxyl-CoA dehydrogenase
and N-benzyl-3-pyrrolidinol dehydrogenase.
6-hydroxycyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxyl-CoA dehydrogenase
catalyzes the conversion of
6-Hydroxycyclohex-1-enecarbonyl-CoA and NAD+ to
6-Ketoxycyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxyl-CoA,NADH, and H+.
This group displays the characteristic catalytic and
structural zinc sites of the zinc-dependent alcohol
dehydrogenases. NAD(P)(H)-dependent oxidoreductases are
the major enzymes in the interconversion of alcohols
and aldehydes, or ketones. Alcohol dehydrogenase in
the liver converts ethanol and NAD+ to acetaldehyde and
NADH, while in yeast and some other microorganisms ADH
catalyzes the conversion acetaldehyde to ethanol in
alcoholic fermentation. ADH is a member of the medium
chain alcohol dehydrogenase family (MDR), which have a
NAD(P)(H)-binding domain in a Rossmann fold of a
beta-alpha form. The NAD(H)-binding region is
comprised of 2 structurally similar halves, each of
which contacts a mononucleotide. A GxGxxG motif after
the first mononucleotide contact half allows the close
contact of the coenzyme with the ADH backbone. The
N-terminal catalytic domain has a distant homology to
GroES. These proteins typically form dimers (typically
higher plants, mammals) or tetramers (yeast, bacteria),
and have 2 tightly bound zinc atoms per subunit, a
catalytic zinc at the active site and a structural zinc
in a lobe of the catalytic domain. NAD(H)-binding
occurs in the cleft between the catalytic and
coenzyme-binding domains at the active site, and
coenzyme binding induces a conformational closing of
this cleft. Coenzyme binding typically precedes and
contributes to substrate binding. In human ADH
catalysis, the zinc ion helps coordinate the alcohol,
followed by deprotonation of a histidine, the ribose
of NAD, a serine, then the alcohol, which allows the
transfer of a hydride to NAD+, creating NADH and a
zinc-bound aldehyde or ketone. In yeast and some
bacteria, the active site zinc binds an aldehyde,
polarizing it, and leading to the reverse reaction.
Length = 338
Score = 43.0 bits (102), Expect = 1e-06
Identities = 25/50 (50%), Positives = 32/50 (64%)
Query: 2 AAGINPVETYIRSGQYPNLPDLPAILGTEVSGIVEEVGQGVKHFKVGDKV 51
AAG+ + +I G P L LP LG E++G V EVG GV +FKVGD+V
Sbjct: 35 AAGVCHSDLHILDGGVPTLTKLPLTLGHEIAGTVVEVGAGVTNFKVGDRV 84
>gnl|CDD|176243 cd08283, FDH_like_1, Glutathione-dependent formaldehyde
dehydrogenase related proteins, child 1. Members
identified as glutathione-dependent formaldehyde
dehydrogenase(FDH), a member of the
zinc-dependent/medium chain alcohol dehydrogenase
family. FDH converts formaldehyde and NAD(P) to
formate and NAD(P)H. The initial step in this process
the spontaneous formation of a
S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione adduct from formaldehyde
and glutathione, followed by FDH-mediated oxidation
(and detoxification) of the adduct to
S-formylglutathione. MDH family uses NAD(H) as a
cofactor in the interconversion of alcohols and
aldehydes, or ketones. Like many zinc-dependent alcohol
dehydrogenases (ADH) of the medium chain alcohol
dehydrogenase/reductase family (MDR), these FDHs form
dimers, with 4 zinc ions per dimer. The medium chain
alcohol dehydrogenase family (MDR) has a
NAD(P)(H)-binding domain in a Rossmann fold of a
beta-alpha form. The N-terminal region typically has an
all-beta catalytic domain. These proteins typically
form dimers (typically higher plants, mammals) or
tetramers (yeast, bacteria), and have 2 tightly bound
zinc atoms per subunit.
Length = 386
Score = 42.9 bits (102), Expect = 1e-06
Identities = 17/34 (50%), Positives = 23/34 (67%), Gaps = 2/34 (5%)
Query: 20 LPDLPA--ILGTEVSGIVEEVGQGVKHFKVGDKV 51
+P + ILG E G+VEEVG V++ KVGD+V
Sbjct: 49 IPGMKKGDILGHEFMGVVEEVGPEVRNLKVGDRV 82
>gnl|CDD|176258 cd08298, CAD2, Cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenases (CAD). These
alcohol dehydrogenases are related to the cinnamyl
alcohol dehydrogenases (CAD), members of the medium
chain dehydrogenase/reductase family.
NAD(P)(H)-dependent oxidoreductases are the major
enzymes in the interconversion of alcohols and
aldehydes, or ketones. Cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenases
(CAD) reduce cinnamaldehydes to cinnamyl alcohols in
the last step of monolignal metabolism in plant cells
walls. CAD binds 2 zinc ions and is NADPH- dependent.
CAD family members are also found in non-plant species,
e.g. in yeast where they have an aldehyde reductase
activity. The medium chain dehydrogenases/reductase
(MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase-like family,
which contains the zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase
(ADH-Zn) and related proteins, is a diverse group of
proteins related to the first identified member, class
I mammalian ADH. MDRs display a broad range of
activities and are distinguished from the smaller short
chain dehydrogenases (~ 250 amino acids vs. the ~ 350
amino acids of the MDR). The MDR proteins have 2
domains: a C-terminal NAD(P) binding-Rossmann fold
domain of a beta-alpha form and an N-terminal catalytic
domain with distant homology to GroES. The MDR group
contains a host of activities, including the founding
alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), quinone reductase,
sorbitol dehydrogenase, formaldehyde dehydrogenase,
butanediol DH, ketose reductase, cinnamyl reductase,
and numerous others. The zinc-dependent alcohol
dehydrogenases (ADHs) catalyze the NAD(P)(H)-dependent
interconversion of alcohols to aldehydes or ketones.
Active site zinc has a catalytic role, while structural
zinc aids in stability. ADH-like proteins typically
form dimers (typically higher plants, mammals) or
tetramers (yeast, bacteria), and generally have 2
tightly bound zinc atoms per subunit. The active site
zinc is coordinated by a histidine, two cysteines, and
a water molecule. The second zinc seems to play a
structural role, affects subunit interactions, and is
typically coordinated by 4 cysteines.
Length = 329
Score = 42.6 bits (101), Expect = 1e-06
Identities = 24/44 (54%), Positives = 26/44 (59%), Gaps = 2/44 (4%)
Query: 15 GQYPNLPDLPAILGTEVSGIVEEVGQGVKHFKVGDKVFGKPILG 58
G P P LP I G E+ G VE VG GV F VGD+V G P LG
Sbjct: 51 GDLPP-PKLPLIPGHEIVGRVEAVGPGVTRFSVGDRV-GVPWLG 92
>gnl|CDD|176212 cd08250, Mgc45594_like, Mgc45594 gene product and other MDR
family members. Includes Human Mgc45594 gene product
of undetermined function. The medium chain
dehydrogenases/reductase (MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol
dehydrogenase-like family, which contains the
zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH-Zn) and
related proteins, is a diverse group of proteins
related to the first identified member, class I
mammalian ADH. MDRs display a broad range of
activities and are distinguished from the smaller short
chain dehydrogenases (~ 250 amino acids vs. the ~ 350
amino acids of the MDR). The MDR proteins have 2
domains: a C-terminal NAD(P) binding-Rossmann fold
domain of a beta-alpha form and an N-terminal catalytic
domain with distant homology to GroES.
Length = 329
Score = 42.2 bits (100), Expect = 2e-06
Identities = 20/49 (40%), Positives = 24/49 (48%)
Query: 3 AGINPVETYIRSGQYPNLPDLPAILGTEVSGIVEEVGQGVKHFKVGDKV 51
GIN + +G+Y P G E G V VG+GV FKVGD V
Sbjct: 40 VGINASDINFTAGRYDPGVKPPFDCGFEGVGEVVAVGEGVTDFKVGDAV 88
>gnl|CDD|188504 TIGR03989, Rxyl_3153, oxidoreductase, Rxyl_3153 family. This
model describes a clade within the family pfam00107 of
zinc-binding dehydrogenases. The family pfam00107
contains class III alcohol dehydrogenases, including
enzymes designated S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione
dehydrogenase and NAD/mycothiol-dependent formaldehyde
dehydrogenase. Members of the current family occur only
in species that contain the very small protein
mycofactocin (TIGR03969), a possible cofactor
precursor, and radical SAM protein TIGR03962. We name
this family for Rxyl_3153, where the lone member of the
family co-clusters with these markers in Rubrobacter
xylanophilus [Unknown function, Enzymes of unknown
specificity].
Length = 369
Score = 42.3 bits (100), Expect = 2e-06
Identities = 18/50 (36%), Positives = 29/50 (58%), Gaps = 1/50 (2%)
Query: 2 AAGINPVETYIRSGQYPNLPDLPAILGTEVSGIVEEVGQGVKHFKVGDKV 51
A+G+ + ++ +G P +P P + G E +G+V +VG GV K GD V
Sbjct: 35 ASGLCHSDEHLVTGDLP-MPRYPILGGHEGAGVVTKVGPGVTGVKPGDHV 83
>gnl|CDD|188164 TIGR01751, crot-CoA-red, crotonyl-CoA reductase. The enzyme
modelled by This model is responsible for the conversion
of crotonyl-CoA reductase to butyryl-CoA. In serine
cycle methylotrophic bacteria this enzyme is involved in
the process of acetyl-CoA to glyoxylate. In other
bacteria the enzyme is used to produce butyrate for
incorporation into polyketides such as tylosin from
Streptomyces fradiae and coronatine from Pseudomonas
syringae.
Length = 398
Score = 42.1 bits (99), Expect = 2e-06
Identities = 25/62 (40%), Positives = 33/62 (53%), Gaps = 12/62 (19%)
Query: 1 MAAGIN----------PVETYIRSGQYPNLPDLP-AILGTEVSGIVEEVGQGVKHFKVGD 49
MAAG+N PV T + DLP I+G++ SG+V VG GV +KVGD
Sbjct: 45 MAAGVNYNNVWAALGEPVST-FAFLRKYGKLDLPFHIIGSDASGVVWRVGPGVTRWKVGD 103
Query: 50 KV 51
+V
Sbjct: 104 EV 105
>gnl|CDD|176221 cd08260, Zn_ADH6, Alcohol dehydrogenases of the MDR family.
NAD(P)(H)-dependent oxidoreductases are the major
enzymes in the interconversion of alcohols and
aldehydes, or ketones. This group has the
characteristic catalytic and structural zinc sites of
the zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases. Alcohol
dehydrogenase in the liver converts ethanol and NAD+ to
acetaldehyde and NADH, while in yeast and some other
microorganisms ADH catalyzes the conversion
acetaldehyde to ethanol in alcoholic fermentation. ADH
is a member of the medium chain alcohol dehydrogenase
family (MDR), which has a NAD(P)(H)-binding domain in a
Rossmann fold of a beta-alpha form. The NAD(H)-binding
region is comprised of 2 structurally similar halves,
each of which contacts a mononucleotide. A GxGxxG motif
after the first mononucleotide contact half allows the
close contact of the coenzyme with the ADH backbone.
The N-terminal catalytic domain has a distant homology
to GroES. These proteins typically form dimers
(typically higher plants, mammals) or tetramers (yeast,
bacteria), and have 2 tightly bound zinc atoms per
subunit, a catalytic zinc at the active site and a
structural zinc in a lobe of the catalytic domain.
NAD(H)-binding occurs in the cleft between the
catalytic and coenzyme-binding domains at the active
site, and coenzyme binding induces a conformational
closing of this cleft. Coenzyme binding typically
precedes and contributes to substrate binding. In human
ADH catalysis, the zinc ion helps coordinate the
alcohol, followed by deprotonation of a histidine, the
ribose of NAD, a serine, then the alcohol, which allows
the transfer of a hydride to NAD+, creating NADH and a
zinc-bound aldehyde or ketone. In yeast and some
bacteria, the active site zinc binds an aldehyde,
polarizing it, and leading to the reverse reaction.
Length = 345
Score = 42.2 bits (100), Expect = 2e-06
Identities = 14/34 (41%), Positives = 21/34 (61%)
Query: 18 PNLPDLPAILGTEVSGIVEEVGQGVKHFKVGDKV 51
LP + G E +G+V EVG+ V ++VGD+V
Sbjct: 49 DPDVTLPHVPGHEFAGVVVEVGEDVSRWRVGDRV 82
>gnl|CDD|215378 PLN02702, PLN02702, L-idonate 5-dehydrogenase.
Length = 364
Score = 41.7 bits (98), Expect = 3e-06
Identities = 17/32 (53%), Positives = 23/32 (71%)
Query: 24 PAILGTEVSGIVEEVGQGVKHFKVGDKVFGKP 55
P ++G E +GI+EEVG VKH VGD+V +P
Sbjct: 74 PMVIGHECAGIIEEVGSEVKHLVVGDRVALEP 105
>gnl|CDD|176186 cd05283, CAD1, Cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenases (CAD). Cinnamyl
alcohol dehydrogenases (CAD), members of the medium
chain dehydrogenase/reductase family, reduce
cinnamaldehydes to cinnamyl alcohols in the last step
of monolignal metabolism in plant cells walls. CAD
binds 2 zinc ions and is NADPH- dependent. CAD family
members are also found in non-plant species, e.g. in
yeast where they have an aldehyde reductase activity.
The medium chain dehydrogenases/reductase
(MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase-like family,
which contains the zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase
(ADH-Zn) and related proteins, is a diverse group of
proteins related to the first identified member, class
I mammalian ADH. MDRs display a broad range of
activities and are distinguished from the smaller short
chain dehydrogenases (~ 250 amino acids vs. the ~ 350
amino acids of the MDR). The MDR proteins have 2
domains: a C-terminal NAD(P) binding-Rossmann fold
domain of a beta-alpha form and an N-terminal catalytic
domain with distant homology to GroES. The MDR group
contains a host of activities, including the founding
alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), quinone reductase,
sorbitol dehydrogenase, formaldehyde dehydrogenase,
butanediol DH, ketose reductase, cinnamyl reductase,
and numerous others. The zinc-dependent alcohol
dehydrogenases (ADHs) catalyze the NAD(P)(H)-dependent
interconversion of alcohols to aldehydes or ketones.
Active site zinc has a catalytic role, while structural
zinc aids in stability. ADH-like proteins typically
form dimers (typically higher plants, mammals) or
tetramers (yeast, bacteria), and generally have 2
tightly bound zinc atoms per subunit. The active site
zinc is coordinated by a histidine, two cysteines, and
a water molecule. The second zinc seems to play a
structural role, affects subunit interactions, and is
typically coordinated by 4 cysteines.
Length = 337
Score = 41.3 bits (98), Expect = 4e-06
Identities = 15/28 (53%), Positives = 18/28 (64%)
Query: 24 PAILGTEVSGIVEEVGQGVKHFKVGDKV 51
P + G E+ GIV VG V FKVGD+V
Sbjct: 54 PLVPGHEIVGIVVAVGSKVTKFKVGDRV 81
>gnl|CDD|176219 cd08258, Zn_ADH4, Alcohol dehydrogenases of the MDR family. This
group shares the zinc coordination sites of the
zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases. The medium chain
dehydrogenases/reductase (MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol
dehydrogenase-like family, which contains the
zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH-Zn) and
related proteins, is a diverse group of proteins
related to the first identified member, class I
mammalian ADH. MDRs display a broad range of
activities and are distinguished from the smaller short
chain dehydrogenases (~ 250 amino acids vs. the ~ 350
amino acids of the MDR). The MDR proteins have 2
domains: a C-terminal NAD(P)-binding Rossmann fold
domain of an beta-alpha form and an N-terminal
catalytic domain with distant homology to GroES. The
MDR group contains a host of activities, including the
founding alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), quinone
reductase, sorbitol dehydrogenase, formaldehyde
dehydrogenase, butanediol DH, ketose reductase,
cinnamyl reductase, and numerous others. The
zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs) catalyze
the NAD(P)(H)-dependent interconversion of alcohols to
aldehydes or ketones. Active site zinc has a catalytic
role, while structural zinc aids in stability.
ADH-like proteins typically form dimers (typically
higher plants, mammals) or tetramers (yeast, bacteria),
and generally have 2 tightly bound zinc atoms per
subunit. The active site zinc is coordinated by a
histidine, two cysteines, and a water molecule. The
second zinc seems to play a structural role, affects
subunit interactions, and is typically coordinated by 4
cysteines.
Length = 306
Score = 41.5 bits (98), Expect = 4e-06
Identities = 15/31 (48%), Positives = 21/31 (67%)
Query: 21 PDLPAILGTEVSGIVEEVGQGVKHFKVGDKV 51
+ P +LG E SG + EVG V+ +KVGD+V
Sbjct: 53 VETPVVLGHEFSGTIVEVGPDVEGWKVGDRV 83
>gnl|CDD|176234 cd08273, MDR8, Medium chain dehydrogenases/reductase
(MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase-like family.
This group is a member of the medium chain
dehydrogenases/reductase (MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol
dehydrogenase-like family, but lacks the zinc-binding
sites of the zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases. The
medium chain dehydrogenases/reductase
(MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase-like family,
which contains the zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase
(ADH-Zn) and related proteins, is a diverse group of
proteins related to the first identified member, class
I mammalian ADH. MDRs display a broad range of
activities and are distinguished from the smaller short
chain dehydrogenases (~ 250 amino acids vs. the ~ 350
amino acids of the MDR). The MDR proteins have 2
domains: a C-terminal NAD(P)-binding Rossmann fold
domain of a beta-alpha form and an N-terminal catalytic
domain with distant homology to GroES. The MDR group
contains a host of activities, including the founding
alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), quinone reductase,
sorbitol dehydrogenase, formaldehyde dehydrogenase,
butanediol DH, ketose reductase, cinnamyl reductase,
and numerous others. The zinc-dependent alcohol
dehydrogenases (ADHs) catalyze the NAD(P)(H)-dependent
interconversion of alcohols to aldehydes or ketones.
Active site zinc has a catalytic role, while structural
zinc aids in stability. ADH-like proteins typically
form dimers (typically higher plants, mammals) or
tetramers (yeast, bacteria), and generally have 2
tightly bound zinc atoms per subunit. The active site
zinc is coordinated by a histidine, two cysteines, and
a water molecule. The second zinc seems to play a
structural role, affects subunit interactions, and is
typically coordinated by 4 cysteines.
Length = 331
Score = 41.5 bits (98), Expect = 4e-06
Identities = 22/63 (34%), Positives = 37/63 (58%), Gaps = 2/63 (3%)
Query: 2 AAGINPVETYIRSGQYPNLPDLPAILGTEVSGIVEEVGQGVKHFKVGDKVFGKPILGKGG 61
A+G++ + +R G YP+ P LP G ++ G V+ +G GV F+VGD+V + GG
Sbjct: 36 ASGVSFADVQMRRGLYPDQPPLPFTPGYDLVGRVDALGSGVTGFEVGDRVAALTRV--GG 93
Query: 62 YSQ 64
++
Sbjct: 94 NAE 96
>gnl|CDD|180054 PRK05396, tdh, L-threonine 3-dehydrogenase; Validated.
Length = 341
Score = 41.3 bits (98), Expect = 4e-06
Identities = 16/30 (53%), Positives = 19/30 (63%)
Query: 24 PAILGTEVSGIVEEVGQGVKHFKVGDKVFG 53
P ++G E G V EVG V FKVGD+V G
Sbjct: 58 PMVVGHEFVGEVVEVGSEVTGFKVGDRVSG 87
>gnl|CDD|176256 cd08296, CAD_like, Cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenases (CAD).
Cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenases (CAD), members of the
medium chain dehydrogenase/reductase family, reduce
cinnamaldehydes to cinnamyl alcohols in the last step
of monolignal metabolism in plant cells walls. CAD
binds 2 zinc ions and is NADPH- dependent. CAD family
members are also found in non-plant species, e.g. in
yeast where they have an aldehyde reductase activity.
The medium chain dehydrogenases/reductase
(MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase-like family,
which contains the zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase
(ADH-Zn) and related proteins, is a diverse group of
proteins related to the first identified member, class
I mammalian ADH. MDRs display a broad range of
activities and are distinguished from the smaller short
chain dehydrogenases (~ 250 amino acids vs. the ~ 350
amino acids of the MDR). The MDR proteins have 2
domains: a C-terminal NAD(P) binding-Rossmann fold
domain of a beta-alpha form and an N-terminal catalytic
domain with distant homology to GroES. The MDR group
contains a host of activities, including the founding
alcohol dehydrogenase (ADHs), quinone reductase,
sorbitol dehydrogenase, formaldehyde dehydrogenase,
butanediol DH, ketose reductase, cinnamyl reductase,
and numerous others. The zinc-dependent alcohol
dehydrogenases (ADHs) catalyze the NAD(P)(H)-dependent
interconversion of alcohols to aldehydes or ketones.
Active site zinc has a catalytic role, while structural
zinc aids in stability. ADH-like proteins typically
form dimers (typically higher plants, mammals) or
tetramers (yeast, bacteria), and generally have 2
tightly bound zinc atoms per subunit. The active site
zinc is coordinated by a histidine, two cysteines, and
a water molecule. The second zinc seems to play a
structural role, affects subunit interactions, and is
typically coordinated by 4 cysteines.
Length = 333
Score = 40.3 bits (95), Expect = 9e-06
Identities = 19/50 (38%), Positives = 30/50 (60%), Gaps = 1/50 (2%)
Query: 2 AAGINPVETYIRSGQYPNLPDLPAILGTEVSGIVEEVGQGVKHFKVGDKV 51
A G+ + +++ G P L P + G EV G ++ VG+GV +KVGD+V
Sbjct: 34 ACGVCHSDAFVKEGAMPGLS-YPRVPGHEVVGRIDAVGEGVSRWKVGDRV 82
>gnl|CDD|176242 cd08282, PFDH_like, Pseudomonas putida aldehyde-dismutating
formaldehyde dehydrogenase (PFDH). Formaldehyde
dehydrogenase (FDH) is a member of the
zinc-dependent/medium chain alcohol dehydrogenase
family. Unlike typical FDH, Pseudomonas putida
aldehyde-dismutating FDH (PFDH) is
glutathione-independent. PFDH converts 2 molecules of
aldehydes to corresponding carboxylic acid and alcohol.
MDH family uses NAD(H) as a cofactor in the
interconversion of alcohols and aldehydes, or ketones.
Like the zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases (ADH) of
the medium chain alcohol dehydrogenase/reductase family
(MDR), these tetrameric FDHs have a catalytic zinc that
resides between the catalytic and NAD(H)binding domains
and a structural zinc in a lobe of the catalytic
domain. Unlike ADH, where NAD(P)(H) acts as a cofactor,
NADH in FDH is a tightly bound redox cofactor (similar
to nicotinamide proteins). The medium chain alcohol
dehydrogenase family (MDR) has a NAD(P)(H)-binding
domain in a Rossmann fold of an beta-alpha form. The
N-terminal region typically has an all-beta catalytic
domain. These proteins typically form dimers (typically
higher plants, mammals) or tetramers (yeast, bacteria),
and have 2 tightly bound zinc atoms per subunit.
Length = 375
Score = 40.3 bits (95), Expect = 9e-06
Identities = 15/31 (48%), Positives = 19/31 (61%)
Query: 21 PDLPAILGTEVSGIVEEVGQGVKHFKVGDKV 51
+ +LG E G VEEVG V+ KVGD+V
Sbjct: 51 AEPGLVLGHEAMGEVEEVGSAVESLKVGDRV 81
>gnl|CDD|176208 cd08246, crotonyl_coA_red, crotonyl-CoA reductase. Crotonyl-CoA
reductase, a member of the medium chain
dehydrogenase/reductase family, catalyzes the
NADPH-dependent conversion of crotonyl-CoA to
butyryl-CoA, a step in (2S)-methylmalonyl-CoA
production for straight-chain fatty acid biosynthesis.
Like enoyl reductase, another enzyme in fatty acid
synthesis, crotonyl-CoA reductase is a member of the
zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase-like medium chain
dehydrogenase/reductase family. The medium chain
dehydrogenases/reductase (MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol
dehydrogenase-like family, which contains the
zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH-Zn) and
related proteins, is a diverse group of proteins related
to the first identified member, class I mammalian ADH.
MDRs display a broad range of activities and are
distinguished from the smaller short chain
dehydrogenases (~ 250 amino acids vs. the ~ 350 amino
acids of the MDR). The MDR proteins have 2 domains: a
C-terminal NAD(P) binding-Rossmann fold domain of a
beta-alpha form and an N-terminal catalytic domain with
distant homology to GroES.
Length = 393
Score = 40.5 bits (95), Expect = 1e-05
Identities = 24/61 (39%), Positives = 33/61 (54%), Gaps = 11/61 (18%)
Query: 1 MAAGIN----------PVETYIRSGQYPNLPDLPAILGTEVSGIVEEVGQGVKHFKVGDK 50
MAAG+N PV T+ + I G++ SGIV VG+GVK++KVGD+
Sbjct: 50 MAAGVNYNNVWAALGEPVSTFAARQRRGRDEPY-HIGGSDASGIVWAVGEGVKNWKVGDE 108
Query: 51 V 51
V
Sbjct: 109 V 109
>gnl|CDD|129775 TIGR00692, tdh, L-threonine 3-dehydrogenase. This protein is a
tetrameric, zinc-binding, NAD-dependent enzyme of
threonine catabolism. Closely related proteins include
sorbitol dehydrogenase, xylitol dehydrogenase, and
benzyl alcohol dehydrogenase. Eukaryotic examples of
this enzyme have been demonstrated experimentally but
do not appear in database search results.E. coli His-90
modulates substrate specificity and is believed part of
the active site [Energy metabolism, Amino acids and
amines].
Length = 340
Score = 40.2 bits (94), Expect = 1e-05
Identities = 14/31 (45%), Positives = 20/31 (64%)
Query: 24 PAILGTEVSGIVEEVGQGVKHFKVGDKVFGK 54
P ++G EV+G V +G GV+ KVGD V +
Sbjct: 56 PQVVGHEVAGEVVGIGPGVEGIKVGDYVSVE 86
>gnl|CDD|215442 PLN02827, PLN02827, Alcohol dehydrogenase-like.
Length = 378
Score = 39.9 bits (93), Expect = 1e-05
Identities = 16/30 (53%), Positives = 19/30 (63%)
Query: 23 LPAILGTEVSGIVEEVGQGVKHFKVGDKVF 52
P I G E SGIVE +G+GV F+ GD V
Sbjct: 63 FPRIFGHEASGIVESIGEGVTEFEKGDHVL 92
>gnl|CDD|176194 cd08232, idonate-5-DH, L-idonate 5-dehydrogenase. L-idonate
5-dehydrogenase (L-ido 5-DH ) catalyzes the conversion
of L-lodonate to 5-ketogluconate in the metabolism of
L-Idonate to 6-P-gluconate. In E. coli, this GntII
pathway is a subsidiary pathway to the canonical GntI
system, which also phosphorylates and transports
gluconate. L-ido 5-DH is found in an operon with a
regulator indR, transporter idnT, 5-keto-D-gluconate
5-reductase, and Gnt kinase. L-ido 5-DH is a
zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase-like protein. The
alcohol dehydrogenase ADH-like family of proteins is a
diverse group of proteins related to the first
identified member, class I mammalian ADH. This group
is also called the medium chain
dehydrogenases/reductase family (MDR) which displays a
broad range of activities and are distinguished from
the smaller short chain dehydrogenases(~ 250 amino
acids vs. the ~ 350 amino acids of the MDR). The MDR
proteins have 2 domains: a C-terminal NAD(P)
binding-Rossmann fold domain of a beta-alpha form and
an N-terminal GroES-like catalytic domain. The MDR
group contains a host of activities, including the
founding alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), quinone
reductase, sorbitol dehydrogenase, formaldehyde
dehydrogenase, butanediol DH, ketose reductase,
cinnamyl reductase, and numerous others. The
zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs) catalyze
the NAD(P)(H)-dependent interconversion of alcohols to
aldehydes or ketones. ADH-like proteins typically form
dimers (typically higher plants, mammals) or tetramers
(yeast, bacteria), and generally have 2 tightly bound
zinc atoms per subunit. The active site zinc is
coordinated by a histidine, two cysteines, and a water
molecule. The second zinc seems to play a structural
role, affects subunit interactions, and is typically
coordinated by 4 cysteines.
Length = 339
Score = 39.5 bits (93), Expect = 2e-05
Identities = 15/28 (53%), Positives = 18/28 (64%)
Query: 24 PAILGTEVSGIVEEVGQGVKHFKVGDKV 51
P +LG EVSG+VE VG GV G +V
Sbjct: 54 PMVLGHEVSGVVEAVGPGVTGLAPGQRV 81
>gnl|CDD|131865 TIGR02818, adh_III_F_hyde, S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione
dehydrogenase/class III alcohol dehydrogenase. The
members of this protein family show dual function.
First, they remove formaldehyde, a toxic metabolite, by
acting as S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione dehydrogenase
(1.1.1.284). S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione can form
spontaneously from formaldehyde and glutathione, and so
this enzyme previously was designated
glutathione-dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenase. These
same proteins are also designated alcohol dehydrogenase
(EC 1.1.1.1) of class III, for activities that do not
require glutathione; they tend to show poor activity
for ethanol among their various substrate alcohols
[Cellular processes, Detoxification, Energy metabolism,
Fermentation].
Length = 368
Score = 39.4 bits (92), Expect = 2e-05
Identities = 23/50 (46%), Positives = 28/50 (56%), Gaps = 1/50 (2%)
Query: 2 AAGINPVETYIRSGQYPNLPDLPAILGTEVSGIVEEVGQGVKHFKVGDKV 51
A G+ + + SG P P ILG E +GIVE VG+GV KVGD V
Sbjct: 35 ATGVCHTDAFTLSGADPE-GVFPVILGHEGAGIVEAVGEGVTSVKVGDHV 83
>gnl|CDD|176245 cd08285, NADP_ADH, NADP(H)-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases.
This group is predominated by atypical alcohol
dehydrogenases; they exist as tetramers and exhibit
specificity for NADP(H) as a cofactor in the
interconversion of alcohols and aldehydes, or ketones.
Like other zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases (ADH)
of the medium chain alcohol dehydrogenase/reductase
family (MDR), tetrameric ADHs have a catalytic zinc
that resides between the catalytic and NAD(H)binding
domains; however, they do not have and a structural
zinc in a lobe of the catalytic domain. The medium
chain alcohol dehydrogenase family (MDR) has a
NAD(P)(H)-binding domain in a Rossmann fold of a
beta-alpha form. The N-terminal region typically has an
all-beta catalytic domain. These proteins typically
form dimers (typically higher plants, mammals) or
tetramers (yeast, bacteria), and have 2 tightly bound
zinc atoms per subunit.
Length = 351
Score = 39.1 bits (92), Expect = 3e-05
Identities = 17/26 (65%), Positives = 19/26 (73%)
Query: 26 ILGTEVSGIVEEVGQGVKHFKVGDKV 51
ILG E G+VEEVG VK FK GD+V
Sbjct: 56 ILGHEAVGVVEEVGSEVKDFKPGDRV 81
>gnl|CDD|176207 cd08245, CAD, Cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenases (CAD) and related
proteins. Cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenases (CAD),
members of the medium chain dehydrogenase/reductase
family, reduce cinnamaldehydes to cinnamyl alcohols in
the last step of monolignal metabolism in plant cells
walls. CAD binds 2 zinc ions and is NADPH- dependent.
CAD family members are also found in non-plant species,
e.g. in yeast where they have an aldehyde reductase
activity. The medium chain dehydrogenases/reductase
(MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase-like family,
which contains the zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase
(ADH-Zn) and related proteins, is a diverse group of
proteins related to the first identified member, class
I mammalian ADH. MDRs display a broad range of
activities and are distinguished from the smaller short
chain dehydrogenases (~ 250 amino acids vs. the ~ 350
amino acids of the MDR). The MDR proteins have 2
domains: a C-terminal NAD(P) binding-Rossmann fold
domain of a beta-alpha form and an N-terminal catalytic
domain with distant homology to GroES. The MDR group
contains a host of activities, including the founding
alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), quinone reductase,
sorbitol dehydrogenase, formaldehyde dehydrogenase,
butanediol DH, ketose reductase, cinnamyl reductase,
and numerous others. The zinc-dependent alcohol
dehydrogenases (ADHs) catalyze the NAD(P)(H)-dependent
interconversion of alcohols to aldehydes, or ketones.
Active site zinc has a catalytic role, while structural
zinc aids in stability. ADH-like proteins typically
form dimers (typically higher plants, mammals) or
tetramers (yeast, bacteria), and generally have 2
tightly bound zinc atoms per subunit. The active site
zinc is coordinated by a histidine, two cysteines, and
a water molecule. The second zinc seems to play a
structural role, affects subunit interactions, and is
typically coordinated by 4 cysteines.
Length = 330
Score = 38.8 bits (91), Expect = 3e-05
Identities = 16/37 (43%), Positives = 21/37 (56%), Gaps = 1/37 (2%)
Query: 15 GQYPNLPDLPAILGTEVSGIVEEVGQGVKHFKVGDKV 51
G + P + G E+ G V EVG GV+ KVGD+V
Sbjct: 46 GDWGGSK-YPLVPGHEIVGEVVEVGAGVEGRKVGDRV 81
>gnl|CDD|176241 cd08281, liver_ADH_like1, Zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases
(ADH) and class III ADG (AKA formaldehyde
dehydrogenase). NAD(P)(H)-dependent oxidoreductases
are the major enzymes in the interconversion of
alcohols and aldehydes or ketones. This group contains
members identified as zinc dependent alcohol
dehydrogenases (ADH), and class III ADG (aka
formaldehyde dehydrogenase, FDH). Alcohol dehydrogenase
in the liver converts ethanol and NAD+ to acetaldehyde
and NADH, while in yeast and some other microorganisms
ADH catalyzes the conversion acetaldehyde to ethanol in
alcoholic fermentation. NAD(P)(H)-dependent
oxidoreductases are the major enzymes in the
interconversion of alcohols and aldehydes or ketones.
Alcohol dehydrogenase in the liver converts ethanol and
NAD+ to acetaldehyde and NADH, while in yeast and some
other microorganisms ADH catalyzes the conversion
acetaldehyde to ethanol in alcoholic fermentation.
Class III ADH are also know as glutathione-dependent
formaldehyde dehydrogenase (FDH), which convert
aldehydes to the corresponding carboxylic acid and
alcohol. ADH is a member of the medium chain alcohol
dehydrogenase family (MDR), which have a
NAD(P)(H)-binding domain in a Rossmann fold of a
beta-alpha form. The NAD(H)-binding region is comprised
of 2 structurally similar halves, each of which
contacts a mononucleotide. A GxGxxG motif after the
first mononucleotide contact half allows the close
contact of the coenzyme with the ADH backbone. The
N-terminal catalytic domain has a distant homology to
GroES. These proteins typically form dimers (typically
higher plants, mammals) or tetramers (yeast, bacteria),
and have 2 tightly bound zinc atoms per subunit, a
catalytic zinc at the active site and a structural zinc
in a lobe of the catalytic domain. NAD(H) binding
occurs in the cleft between the catalytic and
coenzyme-binding domains at the active site, and
coenzyme binding induces a conformational closing of
this cleft. Coenzyme binding typically precedes and
contributes to substrate binding. In human ADH
catalysis, the zinc ion helps coordinate the alcohol,
followed by deprotonation of a histidine, the ribose
of NAD, a serine, then the alcohol, which allows the
transfer of a hydride to NAD+, creating NADH and a
zinc-bound aldehyde or ketone. In yeast and some
bacteria, the active site zinc binds an aldehyde,
polarizing it, and leading to the reverse reaction.
Length = 371
Score = 38.5 bits (90), Expect = 4e-05
Identities = 16/30 (53%), Positives = 20/30 (66%)
Query: 22 DLPAILGTEVSGIVEEVGQGVKHFKVGDKV 51
LP LG E +G+V EVG+GV +VGD V
Sbjct: 60 PLPMALGHEAAGVVVEVGEGVTDLEVGDHV 89
>gnl|CDD|176181 cd05278, FDH_like, Formaldehyde dehydrogenases. Formaldehyde
dehydrogenase (FDH) is a member of the
zinc-dependent/medium chain alcohol dehydrogenase
family. Formaldehyde dehydrogenase (aka ADH3) may be
the ancestral form of alcohol dehydrogenase, which
evolved to detoxify formaldehyde. This CD contains
glutathione dependant FDH, glutathione independent FDH,
and related alcohol dehydrogenases. FDH converts
formaldehyde and NAD(P) to formate and NAD(P)H. The
initial step in this process the spontaneous formation
of a S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione adduct from
formaldehyde and glutathione, followed by FDH-mediated
oxidation (and detoxification) of the adduct to
S-formylglutathione. Unlike typical FDH, Pseudomonas
putida aldehyde-dismutating FDH (PFDH) is
glutathione-independent. The medium chain alcohol
dehydrogenase family (MDR) have a NAD(P)(H)-binding
domain in a Rossmann fold of a beta-alpha form. The
N-terminal region typically has an all-beta catalytic
domain. These proteins typically form dimers (typically
higher plants, mammals) or tetramers (yeast, bacteria),
and have 2 tightly bound zinc atoms per subunit.
Length = 347
Score = 38.0 bits (89), Expect = 6e-05
Identities = 15/26 (57%), Positives = 16/26 (61%)
Query: 26 ILGTEVSGIVEEVGQGVKHFKVGDKV 51
ILG E G V EVG VK K GD+V
Sbjct: 57 ILGHEFVGEVVEVGSDVKRLKPGDRV 82
>gnl|CDD|176184 cd05281, TDH, Threonine dehydrogenase. L-threonine dehydrogenase
(TDH) catalyzes the zinc-dependent formation of
2-amino-3-ketobutyrate from L-threonine via NAD(H)-
dependent oxidation. THD is a member of the
zinc-requiring, medium chain NAD(H)-dependent alcohol
dehydrogenase family (MDR). MDRs have a
NAD(P)(H)-binding domain in a Rossmann fold of a
beta-alpha form. NAD(P)(H)-dependent oxidoreductases
are the major enzymes in the interconversion of
alcohols and aldehydes, or ketones. The N-terminal
region typically has an all-beta catalytic domain.
These proteins typically form dimers (typically higher
plants, mammals) or tetramers (yeast, bacteria) and
have 2 tightly bound zinc atoms per subunit. Sorbitol
and aldose reductase are NAD(+) binding proteins of the
polyol pathway, which interconverts glucose and
fructose.
Length = 341
Score = 38.0 bits (89), Expect = 6e-05
Identities = 16/28 (57%), Positives = 18/28 (64%)
Query: 24 PAILGTEVSGIVEEVGQGVKHFKVGDKV 51
P I G E +G V EVG+GV KVGD V
Sbjct: 58 PLIFGHEFAGEVVEVGEGVTRVKVGDYV 85
>gnl|CDD|178341 PLN02740, PLN02740, Alcohol dehydrogenase-like.
Length = 381
Score = 37.9 bits (88), Expect = 7e-05
Identities = 17/28 (60%), Positives = 20/28 (71%)
Query: 24 PAILGTEVSGIVEEVGQGVKHFKVGDKV 51
P ILG E +GIVE VG+GV+ K GD V
Sbjct: 66 PRILGHEAAGIVESVGEGVEDLKAGDHV 93
>gnl|CDD|176217 cd08255, 2-desacetyl-2-hydroxyethyl_bacteriochlorophyllide_like,
2-desacetyl-2-hydroxyethyl bacteriochlorophyllide and
other MDR family members. This subgroup of the medium
chain dehydrogenases/reductase (MDR)/zinc-dependent
alcohol dehydrogenase-like family has members
identified as 2-desacetyl-2-hydroxyethyl
bacteriochlorophyllide A dehydrogenase and alcohol
dehydrogenases. The medium chain
dehydrogenases/reductase (MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol
dehydrogenase-like family, which contains the
zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH-Zn) and
related proteins, is a diverse group of proteins
related to the first identified member, class I
mammalian ADH. MDRs display a broad range of
activities and are distinguished from the smaller short
chain dehydrogenases (~ 250 amino acids vs. the ~ 350
amino acids of the MDR). The MDR proteins have 2
domains: a C-terminal NAD(P) binding-Rossmann fold
domain of a beta-alpha form and an N-terminal catalytic
domain with distant homology to GroES. The MDR group
contains a host of activities, including the founding
alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), quinone reductase,
sorbitol dehydrogenase, formaldehyde dehydrogenase,
butanediol DH, ketose reductase, cinnamyl reductase,
and numerous others. The zinc-dependent alcohol
dehydrogenases (ADHs) catalyze the NAD(P)(H)-dependent
interconversion of alcohols to aldehydes or ketones.
Active site zinc has a catalytic role, while structural
zinc aids in stability.
Length = 277
Score = 37.6 bits (88), Expect = 9e-05
Identities = 16/31 (51%), Positives = 17/31 (54%)
Query: 22 DLPAILGTEVSGIVEEVGQGVKHFKVGDKVF 52
LP G G V EVG GV FK GD+VF
Sbjct: 19 PLPLPPGYSSVGRVVEVGSGVTGFKPGDRVF 49
>gnl|CDD|176201 cd08239, THR_DH_like, L-threonine dehydrogenase (TDH)-like.
MDR/AHD-like proteins, including a protein annotated as
a threonine dehydrogenase. L-threonine dehydrogenase
(TDH) catalyzes the zinc-dependent formation of
2-amino-3-ketobutyrate from L-threonine via
NAD(H)-dependent oxidation. The zinc-dependent alcohol
dehydrogenases (ADHs) catalyze the NAD(P)(H)-dependent
interconversion of alcohols to aldehydes or ketones.
Zinc-dependent ADHs are medium chain
dehydrogenase/reductase type proteins (MDRs) and have a
NAD(P)(H)-binding domain in a Rossmann fold of an
beta-alpha form. The N-terminal region typically has an
all-beta catalytic domain. In addition to alcohol
dehydrogenases, this group includes quinone reductase,
sorbitol dehydrogenase, formaldehyde dehydrogenase,
butanediol DH, ketose reductase, cinnamyl reductase,
and numerous others. These proteins typically form
dimers (typically higher plants, mammals) or tetramers
(yeast, bacteria), and generally have 2 tightly bound
zinc atoms per subunit. The active site zinc is
coordinated by a histidine, two cysteines, and a water
molecule. The second zinc seems to play a structural
role, affects subunit interactions, and is typically
coordinated by 4 cysteines.
Length = 339
Score = 36.9 bits (86), Expect = 2e-04
Identities = 15/26 (57%), Positives = 19/26 (73%)
Query: 26 ILGTEVSGIVEEVGQGVKHFKVGDKV 51
I G E +G+V VG GV HF+VGD+V
Sbjct: 57 IPGHEPAGVVVAVGPGVTHFRVGDRV 82
>gnl|CDD|176205 cd08243, quinone_oxidoreductase_like_1, Quinone oxidoreductase
(QOR). NAD(P)(H)-dependent oxidoreductases are the
major enzymes in the interconversion of alcohols and
aldehydes, or ketones. The medium chain alcohol
dehydrogenase family (MDR) have a NAD(P)(H)-binding
domain in a Rossmann fold of a beta-alpha form. The
N-terminal region typically has an all-beta catalytic
domain. These proteins typically form dimers (typically
higher plants, mammals) or tetramers (yeast, bacteria),
and have 2 tightly bound zinc atoms per subunit.
Length = 320
Score = 36.8 bits (86), Expect = 2e-04
Identities = 19/51 (37%), Positives = 25/51 (49%), Gaps = 3/51 (5%)
Query: 2 AAGINPVETYIRSGQYPNLPDLPAILGTEVSGIVEEVGQGVKHFKVGDKVF 52
A G+N E + R G P++ P +LG E G VEE G F G +V
Sbjct: 36 AFGLNRSEIFTRQGHSPSV-KFPRVLGIEAVGEVEEAPGG--TFTPGQRVA 83
>gnl|CDD|176224 cd08263, Zn_ADH10, Alcohol dehydrogenases of the MDR family.
NAD(P)(H)-dependent oxidoreductases are the major
enzymes in the interconversion of alcohols and
aldehydes, or ketones. Alcohol dehydrogenase in the
liver converts ethanol and NAD+ to acetaldehyde and
NADH, while in yeast and some other microorganisms ADH
catalyzes the conversion acetaldehyde to ethanol in
alcoholic fermentation. ADH is a member of the medium
chain alcohol dehydrogenase family (MDR), which have a
NAD(P)(H)-binding domain in a Rossmann fold of a
beta-alpha form. The NAD(H)-binding region is
comprised of 2 structurally similar halves, each of
which contacts a mononucleotide. A GxGxxG motif after
the first mononucleotide contact half allows the close
contact of the coenzyme with the ADH backbone. The
N-terminal catalytic domain has a distant homology to
GroES. These proteins typically form dimers (typically
higher plants, mammals) or tetramers (yeast, bacteria),
and have 2 tightly bound zinc atoms per subunit, a
catalytic zinc at the active site and a structural zinc
in a lobe of the catalytic domain. NAD(H)-binding
occurs in the cleft between the catalytic and
coenzyme-binding domains at the active site, and
coenzyme binding induces a conformational closing of
this cleft. Coenzyme binding typically precedes and
contributes to substrate binding. In human ADH
catalysis, the zinc ion helps coordinate the alcohol,
followed by deprotonation of a histidine, the ribose
of NAD, a serine, then the alcohol, which allows the
transfer of a hydride to NAD+, creating NADH and a
zinc-bound aldehyde or ketone. In yeast and some
bacteria, the active site zinc binds an aldehyde,
polarizing it, and leading to the reverse reaction.
Length = 367
Score = 36.6 bits (85), Expect = 2e-04
Identities = 16/33 (48%), Positives = 21/33 (63%), Gaps = 3/33 (9%)
Query: 24 PAILGTEVSGIVEEVGQGVKH---FKVGDKVFG 53
P +LG E+SG V EVG V++ VGD+V G
Sbjct: 54 PFVLGHEISGEVVEVGPNVENPYGLSVGDRVVG 86
>gnl|CDD|176230 cd08269, Zn_ADH9, Alcohol dehydrogenases of the MDR family. The
medium chain dehydrogenases/reductase
(MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase-like family,
which contains the zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase
(ADH-Zn) and related proteins, is a diverse group of
proteins related to the first identified member, class
I mammalian ADH. MDRs display a broad range of
activities and are distinguished from the smaller short
chain dehydrogenases (~ 250 amino acids vs. the ~ 350
amino acids of the MDR). The MDR proteins have 2
domains: a C-terminal NAD(P)-binding Rossmann fold
domain of a beta-alpha form and an N-terminal catalytic
domain with distant homology to GroES. The MDR group
contains a host of activities, including the founding
alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), quinone reductase,
sorbitol dehydrogenase, formaldehyde dehydrogenase,
butanediol DH, ketose reductase, cinnamyl reductase,
and numerous others. The zinc-dependent alcohol
dehydrogenases (ADHs) catalyze the NAD(P)(H)-dependent
interconversion of alcohols to aldehydes or ketones.
Active site zinc has a catalytic role, while structural
zinc aids in stability.
Length = 312
Score = 36.2 bits (84), Expect = 3e-04
Identities = 16/44 (36%), Positives = 22/44 (50%), Gaps = 3/44 (6%)
Query: 21 PDLPAILGTEVSGIVEEVGQGVKHFKVGDKVFGKPILGKGGYSQ 64
P P G E G V +G GV+ VGD+V G L G +++
Sbjct: 49 PAEPGGPGHEGWGRVVALGPGVRGLAVGDRVAG---LSGGAFAE 89
>gnl|CDD|176244 cd08284, FDH_like_2, Glutathione-dependent formaldehyde
dehydrogenase related proteins, child 2.
Glutathione-dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenases
(FDHs) are members of the zinc-dependent/medium chain
alcohol dehydrogenase family. Formaldehyde
dehydrogenase (FDH) is a member of the
zinc-dependent/medium chain alcohol dehydrogenase
family. FDH converts formaldehyde and NAD to formate
and NADH. The initial step in this process the
spontaneous formation of a S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione
adduct from formaldehyde and glutathione, followed by
FDH-mediated oxidation (and detoxification) of the
adduct to S-formylglutathione. These tetrameric FDHs
have a catalytic zinc that resides between the
catalytic and NAD(H)binding domains and a structural
zinc in a lobe of the catalytic domain. The medium
chain alcohol dehydrogenase family (MDR) has a
NAD(P)(H)-binding domain in a Rossmann fold of a
beta-alpha form. The N-terminal region typically has an
all-beta catalytic domain. These proteins typically
form dimers (typically higher plants, mammals) or
tetramers (yeast, bacteria), and have 2 tightly bound
zinc atoms per subunit.
Length = 344
Score = 35.7 bits (83), Expect = 4e-04
Identities = 14/31 (45%), Positives = 17/31 (54%)
Query: 21 PDLPAILGTEVSGIVEEVGQGVKHFKVGDKV 51
+LG E G V EVG V+ KVGD+V
Sbjct: 51 STPGFVLGHEFVGEVVEVGPEVRTLKVGDRV 81
>gnl|CDD|132492 TIGR03451, mycoS_dep_FDH, S-(hydroxymethyl)mycothiol
dehydrogenase. Members of this protein family are
mycothiol-dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenase (EC
1.2.1.66). This protein is found, so far, only in the
Actinobacteria (Mycobacterium sp., Streptomyces sp.,
Corynebacterium sp., and related species), where
mycothione replaces glutathione [Cellular processes,
Detoxification].
Length = 358
Score = 35.9 bits (83), Expect = 4e-04
Identities = 14/30 (46%), Positives = 19/30 (63%)
Query: 22 DLPAILGTEVSGIVEEVGQGVKHFKVGDKV 51
+ P +LG E +G+VE VG+GV GD V
Sbjct: 53 EFPFLLGHEAAGVVEAVGEGVTDVAPGDYV 82
>gnl|CDD|223991 COG1063, Tdh, Threonine dehydrogenase and related Zn-dependent
dehydrogenases [Amino acid transport and metabolism /
General function prediction only].
Length = 350
Score = 35.4 bits (82), Expect = 6e-04
Identities = 19/37 (51%), Positives = 22/37 (59%), Gaps = 1/37 (2%)
Query: 15 GQYPNLPDLPAILGTEVSGIVEEVGQGVKHFKVGDKV 51
G P +P ILG E G V EVG V+ FKVGD+V
Sbjct: 47 GGEPFVPPGDIILGHEFVGEVVEVGV-VRGFKVGDRV 82
>gnl|CDD|176202 cd08240, 6_hydroxyhexanoate_dh_like, 6-hydroxyhexanoate
dehydrogenase. 6-hydroxyhexanoate dehydrogenase, an
enzyme of the zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase-like
family of medium chain dehydrogenases/reductases
catalyzes the conversion of 6-hydroxyhexanoate and
NAD(+) to 6-oxohexanoate + NADH and H+.
NAD(P)(H)-dependent oxidoreductases are the major
enzymes in the interconversion of alcohols and
aldehydes, or ketones. Alcohol dehydrogenase in the
liver converts ethanol and NAD+ to acetaldehyde and
NADH, while in yeast and some other microorganisms ADH
catalyzes the conversion acetaldehyde to ethanol in
alcoholic fermentation. ADH is a member of the medium
chain alcohol dehydrogenase family (MDR), which has a
NAD(P)(H)-binding domain in a Rossmann fold of a
beta-alpha form. The NAD(H)-binding region is comprised
of 2 structurally similar halves, each of which contacts
a mononucleotide. A GxGxxG motif after the first
mononucleotide contact half allows the close contact of
the coenzyme with the ADH backbone. The N-terminal
catalytic domain has a distant homology to GroES. These
proteins typically form dimers (typically higher plants,
mammals) or tetramers (yeast, bacteria), and have 2
tightly bound zinc atoms per subunit, a catalytic zinc
at the active site and a structural zinc in a lobe of
the catalytic domain. NAD(H)-binding occurs in the
cleft between the catalytic and coenzyme-binding
domains, at the active site, and coenzyme binding
induces a conformational closing of this cleft. Coenzyme
binding typically precedes and contributes to substrate
binding. In human ADH catalysis, the zinc ion helps
coordinate the alcohol, followed by deprotonation of a
histidine, the ribose of NAD, a serine, then the
alcohol, which allows the transfer of a hydride to NAD+,
creating NADH and a zinc-bound aldehyde or ketone. In
yeast and some bacteria, the active site zinc binds an
aldehyde, polarizing it, and leading to the reverse
reaction.
Length = 350
Score = 35.3 bits (82), Expect = 6e-04
Identities = 18/38 (47%), Positives = 21/38 (55%)
Query: 23 LPAILGTEVSGIVEEVGQGVKHFKVGDKVFGKPILGKG 60
LP +LG E+ G V VG KVGDKV P +G G
Sbjct: 66 LPLVLGHEIVGEVVAVGPDAADVKVGDKVLVYPWIGCG 103
>gnl|CDD|166227 PLN02586, PLN02586, probable cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase.
Length = 360
Score = 34.5 bits (79), Expect = 0.001
Identities = 14/28 (50%), Positives = 20/28 (71%)
Query: 24 PAILGTEVSGIVEEVGQGVKHFKVGDKV 51
P + G E+ GIV ++G+ VK FK GD+V
Sbjct: 67 PIVPGHEIVGIVTKLGKNVKKFKEGDRV 94
>gnl|CDD|181842 PRK09422, PRK09422, ethanol-active
dehydrogenase/acetaldehyde-active reductase;
Provisional.
Length = 338
Score = 34.6 bits (80), Expect = 0.001
Identities = 17/26 (65%), Positives = 19/26 (73%)
Query: 26 ILGTEVSGIVEEVGQGVKHFKVGDKV 51
ILG E GIV+EVG GV KVGD+V
Sbjct: 56 ILGHEGIGIVKEVGPGVTSLKVGDRV 81
>gnl|CDD|176183 cd05280, MDR_yhdh_yhfp, Yhdh and yhfp-like putative quinone
oxidoreductases. Yhdh and yhfp-like putative quinone
oxidoreductases (QOR). QOR catalyzes the conversion of a
quinone + NAD(P)H to a hydroquinone + NAD(P)+. Quinones
are cyclic diones derived from aromatic compounds.
Membrane bound QOR actin the respiratory chains of
bacteria and mitochondria, while soluble QOR acts to
protect from toxic quinones (e.g. DT-diaphorase) or as a
soluble eye-lens protein in some vertebrates (e.g.
zeta-crystalin). QOR reduces quinones through a
semi-quinone intermediate via a NAD(P)H-dependent single
electron transfer. QOR is a member of the medium chain
dehydrogenase/reductase family, but lacks the
zinc-binding sites of the prototypical alcohol
dehydrogenases of this group. NAD(P)(H)-dependent
oxidoreductases are the major enzymes in the
interconversion of alcohols and aldehydes, or ketones.
Alcohol dehydrogenase in the liver converts ethanol and
NAD+ to acetaldehyde and NADH, while in yeast and some
other microorganisms ADH catalyzes the conversion
acetaldehyde to ethanol in alcoholic fermentation. ADH
is a member of the medium chain alcohol dehydrogenase
family (MDR), which has a NAD(P)(H)-binding domain in a
Rossmann fold of a beta-alpha form. The NAD(H)-binding
region is comprised of 2 structurally similar halves,
each of which contacts a mononucleotide. A GxGxxG motif
after the first mononucleotide contact half allows the
close contact of the coenzyme with the ADH backbone.
The N-terminal catalytic domain has a distant homology
to GroES. These proteins typically form dimers
(typically higher plants, mammals) or tetramers (yeast,
bacteria), and have 2 tightly bound zinc atoms per
subunit, a catalytic zinc at the active site and a
structural zinc in a lobe of the catalytic domain.
NAD(H) binding occurs in the cleft between the catalytic
and coenzyme-binding domains at the active site, and
coenzyme binding induces a conformational closing of
this cleft. Coenzyme binding typically precedes and
contributes to substrate binding. In human ADH
catalysis, the zinc ion helps coordinate the alcohol,
followed by deprotonation of a histidine, the ribose of
NAD, a serine, then the alcohol, which allows the
transfer of a hydride to NAD+, creating NADH and a
zinc-bound aldehyde or ketone. In yeast and some
bacteria, the active site zinc binds an aldehyde,
polarizing it, and leading to the reverse reaction.
Length = 325
Score = 34.1 bits (79), Expect = 0.001
Identities = 12/66 (18%), Positives = 26/66 (39%), Gaps = 6/66 (9%)
Query: 3 AGINPVETYIRSGQYPNLPDLPAILGTEVSGIVEEVGQGVKHFKVGDKV----FGKPILG 58
+ +N + +G + P G + +G V F+ GD+V + +
Sbjct: 37 SSLNYKDALAATGNGGVTRNYPHTPGIDAAGTVVSSDDP--RFREGDEVLVTGYDLGMNT 94
Query: 59 KGGYSQ 64
GG+++
Sbjct: 95 DGGFAE 100
>gnl|CDD|176247 cd08287, FDH_like_ADH3, formaldehyde dehydrogenase (FDH)-like.
This group contains proteins identified as alcohol
dehydrogenases and glutathione-dependant formaldehyde
dehydrogenases (FDH) of the zinc-dependent/medium chain
alcohol dehydrogenase family. The MDR family uses
NAD(H) as a cofactor in the interconversion of alcohols
and aldehydes, or ketones. FDH converts formaldehyde
and NAD to formate and NADH. The initial step in this
process the spontaneous formation of a
S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione adduct from formaldehyde
and glutathione, followed by FDH-mediated oxidation
(and detoxification) of the adduct to
S-formylglutathione. The medium chain alcohol
dehydrogenase family (MDR) has a NAD(P)(H)-binding
domain in a Rossmann fold of a beta-alpha form. The
N-terminal region typically has an all-beta catalytic
domain. These proteins typically form dimers (typically
higher plants, mammals) or tetramers (yeast, bacteria),
and have 2 tightly bound zinc atoms per subunit.
Length = 345
Score = 33.8 bits (78), Expect = 0.002
Identities = 15/30 (50%), Positives = 17/30 (56%)
Query: 24 PAILGTEVSGIVEEVGQGVKHFKVGDKVFG 53
PA +G E G+VEEVG V K GD V
Sbjct: 54 PAPIGHEFVGVVEEVGSEVTSVKPGDFVIA 83
>gnl|CDD|182229 PRK10083, PRK10083, putative oxidoreductase; Provisional.
Length = 339
Score = 33.2 bits (76), Expect = 0.004
Identities = 18/58 (31%), Positives = 33/58 (56%), Gaps = 1/58 (1%)
Query: 3 AGINPVETYIRSGQYPNLPDLPAILGTEVSGIVEEVGQGVKHFKVGDKVFGKPILGKG 60
AGI +++I G P P ++G E G+++ VG+GV ++G++V P++ G
Sbjct: 34 AGICGSDSHIYRGHNP-FAKYPRVIGHEFFGVIDAVGEGVDAARIGERVAVDPVISCG 90
>gnl|CDD|166155 PLN02514, PLN02514, cinnamyl-alcohol dehydrogenase.
Length = 357
Score = 32.5 bits (74), Expect = 0.005
Identities = 15/28 (53%), Positives = 16/28 (57%)
Query: 24 PAILGTEVSGIVEEVGQGVKHFKVGDKV 51
P + G EV G V EVG V F VGD V
Sbjct: 64 PMVPGHEVVGEVVEVGSDVSKFTVGDIV 91
>gnl|CDD|182371 PRK10309, PRK10309, galactitol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase;
Provisional.
Length = 347
Score = 32.1 bits (73), Expect = 0.007
Identities = 17/34 (50%), Positives = 18/34 (52%)
Query: 24 PAILGTEVSGIVEEVGQGVKHFKVGDKVFGKPIL 57
P LG E SG VE VG GV GD V P+L
Sbjct: 54 PITLGHEFSGYVEAVGSGVDDLHPGDAVACVPLL 87
>gnl|CDD|176251 cd08291, ETR_like_1, 2-enoyl thioester reductase (ETR) like
proteins, child 1. 2-enoyl thioester reductase (ETR)
like proteins. ETR catalyzes the NADPH-dependent
conversion of trans-2-enoyl acyl carrier
protein/coenzyme A (ACP/CoA) to acyl-(ACP/CoA) in fatty
acid synthesis. 2-enoyl thioester reductase activity
has been linked in Candida tropicalis as essential in
maintaining mitiochondrial respiratory function. This
ETR family is a part of the medium chain
dehydrogenase/reductase family, but lack the zinc
coordination sites characteristic of the 2-enoyl
thioester reductase (ETR) like proteins. ETR catalyzes
the NADPH-dependent dependent conversion of
trans-2-enoyl acyl carrier protein/coenzyme A (ACP/CoA)
to acyl-(ACP/CoA) in fatty acid synthesis. 2-enoyl
thioester reductase activity has been linked in
Candida tropicalis as essential in maintaining
mitiochondrial respiratory function. This ETR family is
a part of the medium chain dehydrogenase/reductase
family, but lack the zinc coordination sites
characteristic of the alcohol dehydrogenases in this
family. NAD(P)(H)-dependent oxidoreductases are the
major enzymes in the interconversion of alcohols and
aldehydes, or ketones. Alcohol dehydrogenase in the
liver converts ethanol and NAD+ to acetaldehyde and
NADH, while in yeast and some other microorganisms ADH
catalyzes the conversion acetaldehyde to ethanol in
alcoholic fermentation. ADH is a member of the medium
chain alcohol dehydrogenase family (MDR), which has a
NAD(P)(H)-binding domain in a Rossmann fold of a
beta-alpha form. The NAD(H)-binding region is
comprised of 2 structurally similar halves, each of
which contacts a mononucleotide. The N-terminal
catalytic domain has a distant homology to GroES.
These proteins typically form dimers (typically higher
plants, mammals) or tetramers (yeast, bacteria), and
have 2 tightly bound zinc atoms per subunit, a
catalytic zinc at the active site and a structural zinc
in a lobe of the catalytic domain. NAD(H) binding
occurs in the cleft between the catalytic and
coenzyme-binding domains at the active site, and
coenzyme binding induces a conformational closing of
this cleft. Coenzyme binding typically precedes and
contributes to substrate binding. Candida tropicalis
enoyl thioester reductase (Etr1p) catalyzes the
NADPH-dependent reduction of trans-2-enoyl thioesters
in mitochondrial fatty acid synthesis. Etr1p forms
homodimers, with each subunit containing a
nucleotide-binding Rossmann fold domain and a catalytic
domain.
Length = 324
Score = 32.2 bits (74), Expect = 0.008
Identities = 19/51 (37%), Positives = 23/51 (45%), Gaps = 1/51 (1%)
Query: 2 AAGINPVETYIRSGQYPNLPDLPAILGTEVSGIVEEVGQGVKHF-KVGDKV 51
AA INP + GQY + LP G E SG V G G +G +V
Sbjct: 39 AAPINPSDLGFLKGQYGSTKALPVPPGFEGSGTVVAAGGGPLAQSLIGKRV 89
>gnl|CDD|177834 PLN02178, PLN02178, cinnamyl-alcohol dehydrogenase.
Length = 375
Score = 30.8 bits (69), Expect = 0.027
Identities = 16/35 (45%), Positives = 21/35 (60%)
Query: 24 PAILGTEVSGIVEEVGQGVKHFKVGDKVFGKPILG 58
P I G E+ GI +VG+ V FK GD+V I+G
Sbjct: 61 PIIPGHEIVGIATKVGKNVTKFKEGDRVGVGVIIG 95
>gnl|CDD|235409 PRK05325, PRK05325, hypothetical protein; Provisional.
Length = 401
Score = 29.0 bits (66), Expect = 0.091
Identities = 13/26 (50%), Positives = 16/26 (61%), Gaps = 1/26 (3%)
Query: 36 EEVGQGVKHFKVGDKVFGKPILGKGG 61
E VG G F VGD++ G+P G GG
Sbjct: 60 EGVGPGNGEFVVGDRI-GRPQGGGGG 84
>gnl|CDD|176193 cd08231, MDR_TM0436_like, Hypothetical enzyme TM0436 resembles
the zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases (ADH). This
group contains the hypothetical TM0436 alcohol
dehydrogenase from Thermotoga maritima, proteins
annotated as 5-exo-alcohol dehydrogenase, and other
members of the medium chain dehydrogenases/reductase
(MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase-like family.
MDR, which contains the zinc-dependent alcohol
dehydrogenase (ADH-Zn) and related proteins, is a
diverse group of proteins related to the first
identified member, class I mammalian ADH. MDRs display
a broad range of activities and are distinguished from
the smaller short chain dehydrogenases (~ 250 amino
acids vs. the ~ 350 amino acids of the MDR). The MDR
proteins have 2 domains: a C-terminal NAD(P)
binding-Rossmann fold domain of a beta-alpha form and
an N-terminal catalytic domain with distant homology to
GroES. The MDR group contains a host of activities,
including the founding alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH),
quinone reductase, sorbitol dehydrogenase, formaldehyde
dehydrogenase, butanediol DH, ketose reductase,
cinnamyl reductase, and numerous others. The
zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs) catalyze
the NAD(P)(H)-dependent interconversion of alcohols to
aldehydes or ketones. Active site zinc has a catalytic
role, while structural zinc aids in stability.
Length = 361
Score = 29.1 bits (66), Expect = 0.092
Identities = 19/44 (43%), Positives = 25/44 (56%), Gaps = 7/44 (15%)
Query: 14 SGQYPNLPDLPAILGTEVSGIVEEVGQGV------KHFKVGDKV 51
+G+ P +P LP ILG E G V +G GV + KVGD+V
Sbjct: 46 AGRRPRVP-LPIILGHEGVGRVVALGGGVTTDVAGEPLKVGDRV 88
>gnl|CDD|176235 cd08274, MDR9, Medium chain dehydrogenases/reductase
(MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase-like family.
This group is a member of the medium chain
dehydrogenases/reductase (MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol
dehydrogenase-like family, but lacks the zinc-binding
sites of the zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases. The
medium chain dehydrogenases/reductase
(MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase-like family,
which contains the zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase
(ADH-Zn) and related proteins, is a diverse group of
proteins related to the first identified member, class I
mammalian ADH. MDRs display a broad range of activities
and are distinguished from the smaller short chain
dehydrogenases (~ 250 amino acids vs. the ~ 350 amino
acids of the MDR). The MDR proteins have 2 domains: a
C-terminal NAD(P)-binding Rossmann fold domain of a
beta-alpha form and an N-terminal catalytic domain with
distant homology to GroES. The MDR group contains a
host of activities, including the founding alcohol
dehydrogenase (ADH), quinone reductase, sorbitol
dehydrogenase, formaldehyde dehydrogenase, butanediol
DH, ketose reductase, cinnamyl reductase, and numerous
others. The zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs)
catalyze the NAD(P)(H)-dependent interconversion of
alcohols to aldehydes or ketones. Active site zinc has
a catalytic role, while structural zinc aids in
stability. ADH-like proteins typically form dimers
(typically higher plants, mammals) or tetramers (yeast,
bacteria), and generally have 2 tightly bound zinc atoms
per subunit. The active site zinc is coordinated by a
histidine, two cysteines, and a water molecule. The
second zinc seems to play a structural role, affects
subunit interactions, and is typically coordinated by 4
cysteines.
Length = 350
Score = 27.3 bits (61), Expect = 0.40
Identities = 17/69 (24%), Positives = 26/69 (37%), Gaps = 19/69 (27%)
Query: 2 AAGINPVETYIRSGQY-------------------PNLPDLPAILGTEVSGIVEEVGQGV 42
A G+N + R G Y P I G ++ G V VG+GV
Sbjct: 37 ACGVNNTDINTREGWYSTEVDGATDSTGAGEAGWWGGTLSFPRIQGADIVGRVVAVGEGV 96
Query: 43 KHFKVGDKV 51
++G++V
Sbjct: 97 DTARIGERV 105
>gnl|CDD|176200 cd08238, sorbose_phosphate_red, L-sorbose-1-phosphate reductase.
L-sorbose-1-phosphate reductase, a member of the MDR
family, catalyzes the NADPH-dependent conversion of
l-sorbose 1-phosphate to d-glucitol 6-phosphate in the
metabolism of L-sorbose to (also converts d-fructose
1-phosphate to d-mannitol 6-phosphate). The medium
chain dehydrogenases/reductase (MDR)/zinc-dependent
alcohol dehydrogenase-like family, which contains the
zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH-Zn) and
related proteins, is a diverse group of proteins related
to the first identified member, class I mammalian ADH.
MDRs display a broad range of activities and are
distinguished from the smaller short chain
dehydrogenases (~ 250 amino acids vs. the ~ 350 amino
acids of the MDR). The MDR proteins have 2 domains: a
C-terminal NAD(P) binding-Rossmann fold domain of an
beta-alpha form and an N-terminal catalytic domain with
distant homology to GroES. The MDR group contains a
host of activities, including the founding alcohol
dehydrogenase (ADH), quinone reductase, sorbitol
dehydrogenase, formaldehyde dehydrogenase, butanediol
DH, ketose reductase, cinnamyl reductase, and numerous
others. The zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases
(ADHs) catalyze the NAD(P)(H)-dependent interconversion
of alcohols to aldehydes or ketones. Active site zinc
has a catalytic role, while structural zinc aids in
stability.
Length = 410
Score = 27.0 bits (60), Expect = 0.48
Identities = 15/49 (30%), Positives = 24/49 (48%), Gaps = 2/49 (4%)
Query: 17 YPNLPDLPAILGTEVSGIVEEVGQGVKH-FKVGDKVFGKPILG-KGGYS 63
+L P ILG E +G + +VG+ + +K G + +P L G S
Sbjct: 56 PNDLAKEPVILGHEFAGTILKVGKKWQGKYKPGQRFVIQPALILPDGPS 104
>gnl|CDD|236089 PRK07761, PRK07761, DNA polymerase III subunit beta; Validated.
Length = 376
Score = 27.1 bits (61), Expect = 0.50
Identities = 11/23 (47%), Positives = 12/23 (52%), Gaps = 6/23 (26%)
Query: 7 PVETYIRSGQYPNLPDLPAILGT 29
PVE YP LP+LP GT
Sbjct: 110 PVE------DYPTLPELPEATGT 126
>gnl|CDD|234025 TIGR02819, fdhA_non_GSH, formaldehyde dehydrogenase,
glutathione-independent. Members of this family
represent a distinct clade within the larger family of
zinc-dependent dehydrogenases of medium chain alcohols,
a family that also includes the so-called
glutathione-dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenase.
Members of this protein family have a tightly bound NAD
that can act as a true cofactor, rather than a
cosubstrate in dehydrogenase reactions, in dismutase
reactions for some aldehydes. The name given to this
family, however, is formaldehyde dehydrogenase,
glutathione-independent [Central intermediary
metabolism, One-carbon metabolism].
Length = 393
Score = 26.7 bits (59), Expect = 0.64
Identities = 12/26 (46%), Positives = 18/26 (69%)
Query: 26 ILGTEVSGIVEEVGQGVKHFKVGDKV 51
+LG E++G V E G+ V+ K+GD V
Sbjct: 64 VLGHEITGEVIEKGRDVEFIKIGDIV 89
>gnl|CDD|225339 COG2718, COG2718, Uncharacterized conserved protein [Function
unknown].
Length = 423
Score = 26.6 bits (59), Expect = 0.72
Identities = 12/30 (40%), Positives = 15/30 (50%), Gaps = 1/30 (3%)
Query: 32 SGIVEEVGQGVKHFKVGDKVFGKPILGKGG 61
G VG G F VGD++ +P G GG
Sbjct: 69 GGERHHVGPGNDEFAVGDRI-ERPQGGGGG 97
>gnl|CDD|176204 cd08242, MDR_like, Medium chain dehydrogenases/reductase
(MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase-like family.
This group contains members identified as related to
zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase and other members
of the MDR family, including threonine dehydrogenase.
The medium chain dehydrogenases/reductase
(MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase-like family,
which contains the zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase
(ADH-Zn) and related proteins, is a diverse group of
proteins related to the first identified member, class
I mammalian ADH. MDRs display a broad range of
activities and are distinguished from the smaller short
chain dehydrogenases (~ 250 amino acids vs. the ~ 350
amino acids of the MDR). The MDR proteins have 2
domains: a C-terminal NAD(P) binding-Rossmann fold
domain of a beta-alpha form and an N-terminal catalytic
domain with distant homology to GroES. The MDR group
includes various activities, including the founding
alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), quinone reductase,
sorbitol dehydrogenase, formaldehyde dehydrogenase,
butanediol DH, ketose reductase, cinnamyl reductase,
and numerous others. The zinc-dependent alcohol
dehydrogenases (ADHs) catalyze the NAD(P)(H)-dependent
interconversion of alcohols to aldehydes or ketones.
Active site zinc has a catalytic role, while structural
zinc aids in stability. ADH-like proteins typically
form dimers (typically higher plants, mammals) or
tetramers (yeast, bacteria), and generally have 2
tightly bound zinc atoms per subunit. The active site
zinc is coordinated by a histidine, two cysteines, and
a water molecule. The second zinc seems to play a
structural role, affects subunit interactions, and is
typically coordinated by 4 cysteines.
Length = 319
Score = 26.4 bits (59), Expect = 0.78
Identities = 15/40 (37%), Positives = 18/40 (45%), Gaps = 4/40 (10%)
Query: 2 AAGINPVETYIRSGQYPNLPDLPAILGTEVSGIVEEVGQG 41
AGI + I G YP P + G E GIVEE +
Sbjct: 33 LAGICNTDLEIYKGYYP----FPGVPGHEFVGIVEEGPEA 68
>gnl|CDD|218005 pfam04285, DUF444, Protein of unknown function (DUF444).
Bacterial protein of unknown function. One family
member is predicted to contain a von Willebrand factor
(vWF) type A domain (Smart:VWA).
Length = 421
Score = 26.3 bits (58), Expect = 0.98
Identities = 9/30 (30%), Positives = 13/30 (43%), Gaps = 1/30 (3%)
Query: 32 SGIVEEVGQGVKHFKVGDKVFGKPILGKGG 61
G + VG G +VGD + + G G
Sbjct: 69 GGRRKHVGPGDDESQVGDVI-ARDPGGGGS 97
>gnl|CDD|176218 cd08256, Zn_ADH2, Alcohol dehydrogenases of the MDR family. This
group has the characteristic catalytic and structural
zinc-binding sites of the zinc-dependent alcohol
dehydrogenases of the MDR family. The medium chain
dehydrogenases/reductase (MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol
dehydrogenase-like family, which contains the
zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH-Zn) and
related proteins, is a diverse group of proteins
related to the first identified member, class I
mammalian ADH. MDRs display a broad range of
activities and are distinguished from the smaller short
chain dehydrogenases (~ 250 amino acids vs. the ~ 350
amino acids of the MDR). The MDR proteins have 2
domains: a C-terminal NAD(P)-binding Rossmann fold
domain of a beta-alpha form and an N-terminal catalytic
domain with distant homology to GroES. The MDR group
contains a host of activities, including the founding
alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), quinone reductase,
sorbitol dehydrogenase, formaldehyde dehydrogenase,
butanediol DH, ketose reductase, cinnamyl reductase,
and numerous others. The zinc-dependent alcohol
dehydrogenases (ADHs) catalyze the NAD(P)(H)-dependent
interconversion of alcohols to aldehydes or ketones.
Active site zinc has a catalytic role, while structural
zinc aids in stability.
Length = 350
Score = 26.2 bits (58), Expect = 1.0
Identities = 15/35 (42%), Positives = 20/35 (57%), Gaps = 2/35 (5%)
Query: 24 PAILGTEVSGIVEEVGQGVKH--FKVGDKVFGKPI 56
P I G E G V E+G+G + KVGD+V + I
Sbjct: 63 PMIPGHEFVGRVVELGEGAEERGVKVGDRVISEQI 97
>gnl|CDD|176192 cd08230, glucose_DH, Glucose dehydrogenase. Glucose
dehydrogenase (GlcDH), a member of the medium chain
dehydrogenase/zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase-like
family, catalyzes the NADP(+)-dependent oxidation of
glucose to gluconate, the first step in the
Entner-Doudoroff pathway, an alternative to or
substitute for glycolysis or the pentose phosphate
pathway. The medium chain dehydrogenases/reductase
(MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase-like family,
which contains the zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase
(ADH-Zn) and related proteins, is a diverse group of
proteins related to the first identified member, class
I mammalian ADH. MDRs display a broad range of
activities and are distinguished from the smaller short
chain dehydrogenases (~ 250 amino acids vs. the ~ 350
amino acids of the MDR). The MDR proteins have 2
domains: a C-terminal NAD(P) binding-Rossman fold
domain of a beta-alpha form and an N-terminal catalytic
domain with distant homology to GroES. The MDR group
contains a host of activities, including the founding
alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), quinone reductase,
sorbitol dehydrogenase, formaldehyde dehydrogenase,
butanediol DH, ketose reductase, cinnamyl reductase,
and numerous others. The zinc-dependent alcohol
dehydrogenases (ADHs) catalyze the NAD(P)(H)-dependent
interconversion of alcohols to aldehydes or ketones.
Active site zinc has a catalytic role, while structural
zinc aids in stability.
Length = 355
Score = 25.3 bits (56), Expect = 2.0
Identities = 13/26 (50%), Positives = 15/26 (57%), Gaps = 1/26 (3%)
Query: 26 ILGTEVSGIVEEVGQGVKHFKVGDKV 51
+LG E G+VEEVG G GD V
Sbjct: 60 VLGHEALGVVEEVGDG-SGLSPGDLV 84
>gnl|CDD|236043 PRK07529, PRK07529, AMP-binding domain protein; Validated.
Length = 632
Score = 25.3 bits (56), Expect = 2.3
Identities = 9/19 (47%), Positives = 12/19 (63%), Gaps = 1/19 (5%)
Query: 18 PNLPDLP-AILGTEVSGIV 35
PNLP+ A+ G E +GI
Sbjct: 91 PNLPETHFALWGGEAAGIA 109
>gnl|CDD|131869 TIGR02822, adh_fam_2, zinc-binding alcohol dehydrogenase family
protein. Members of this model form a distinct subset
of the larger family of oxidoreductases that includes
zinc-binding alcohol dehydrogenases and NADPH:quinone
reductases (pfam00107). The gene neighborhood of
members of this family is not conserved and it appears
that no members are characterized. The sequence of the
family includes 6 invariant cysteine residues and one
invariant histidine. It appears that no member is
characterized [Energy metabolism, Fermentation].
Length = 329
Score = 24.9 bits (54), Expect = 3.1
Identities = 14/35 (40%), Positives = 15/35 (42%), Gaps = 5/35 (14%)
Query: 22 DLPA-----ILGTEVSGIVEEVGQGVKHFKVGDKV 51
DLP G EV G V G F VGD+V
Sbjct: 50 DLPVHRPRVTPGHEVVGEVAGRGADAGGFAVGDRV 84
>gnl|CDD|220557 pfam10086, DUF2324, Putative membrane peptidase family (DUF2324).
This domain, found in various hypothetical bacterial
proteins, has no known function. This family appears to
be related to the prenyl protease 2 family pfam02517,
suggesting this family may be peptidases.
Length = 222
Score = 24.6 bits (54), Expect = 3.6
Identities = 15/47 (31%), Positives = 21/47 (44%), Gaps = 5/47 (10%)
Query: 20 LPDLPAILGTEVSGIVEEVGQ--GVKHFKVGDKVFGKPI---LGKGG 61
P L A+ G +GI EE G+ G ++ G + LG GG
Sbjct: 59 HPLLYALYGALTAGIFEETGRYLGFRYLLKRRGGDGDALAYGLGHGG 105
>gnl|CDD|193512 cd03892, M20_peptT, M20 Peptidase T specifically cleaves
tripeptides. Peptidase M20 family, Peptidase T (peptT;
tripeptide aminopeptidase; tripeptidase) subfamily. PepT
acts only on tripeptide substrates, and is thus called a
tripeptidase. It catalyzes the release of N-terminal
amino acids with hydrophobic side chains from
tripeptides with high specificity; dipeptides,
tetrapeptides or tripeptides with the N-terminus blocked
are not cleaved. Tripeptidases are known to function at
the final stage of proteolysis in lactococcal bacteria
and release amino acids from tripeptides produced during
the digestion of milk proteins such as casein.
Length = 401
Score = 24.3 bits (54), Expect = 4.6
Identities = 9/18 (50%), Positives = 12/18 (66%), Gaps = 2/18 (11%)
Query: 36 EEVGQGVKHFKVGDKVFG 53
EE+G+G HF V + FG
Sbjct: 172 EEIGRGADHFDV--EKFG 187
>gnl|CDD|235484 PRK05469, PRK05469, peptidase T; Provisional.
Length = 408
Score = 24.3 bits (54), Expect = 5.0
Identities = 8/18 (44%), Positives = 10/18 (55%), Gaps = 2/18 (11%)
Query: 36 EEVGQGVKHFKVGDKVFG 53
EE+G+G F V FG
Sbjct: 174 EEIGRGADKFDVEK--FG 189
>gnl|CDD|190325 pfam02488, EMA, Merozoite Antigen. This family represents the
immunodominant surface antigen of Theileria parasites
including equi merozoite antigen-1 (EMA-1) and equi
merozoite antigen-2 (EMA-2). The protein shows variation
at a putative glycosylation site, a potential mechanism
for host immune response evasion.
Length = 251
Score = 23.9 bits (52), Expect = 6.2
Identities = 11/32 (34%), Positives = 13/32 (40%), Gaps = 5/32 (15%)
Query: 36 EEVGQGVKH-----FKVGDKVFGKPILGKGGY 62
G G K+ FKV FGK +G G
Sbjct: 129 AAFGSGKKYTFKAPFKVSKVTFGKKDVGDGDN 160
Database: CDD.v3.10
Posted date: Mar 20, 2013 7:55 AM
Number of letters in database: 10,937,602
Number of sequences in database: 44,354
Lambda K H
0.315 0.141 0.415
Gapped
Lambda K H
0.267 0.0902 0.140
Matrix: BLOSUM62
Gap Penalties: Existence: 11, Extension: 1
Number of Sequences: 44354
Number of Hits to DB: 3,443,670
Number of extensions: 258998
Number of successful extensions: 281
Number of sequences better than 10.0: 1
Number of HSP's gapped: 270
Number of HSP's successfully gapped: 112
Length of query: 64
Length of database: 10,937,602
Length adjustment: 35
Effective length of query: 29
Effective length of database: 9,385,212
Effective search space: 272171148
Effective search space used: 272171148
Neighboring words threshold: 11
Window for multiple hits: 40
X1: 16 ( 7.3 bits)
X2: 38 (14.6 bits)
X3: 64 (24.7 bits)
S1: 42 (21.9 bits)
S2: 53 (23.9 bits)