RPS-BLAST 2.2.26 [Sep-21-2011]
Database: CDD.v3.10
44,354 sequences; 10,937,602 total letters
Searching..................................................done
Query= psy5180
(192 letters)
>gnl|CDD|198200 cd10337, SH2_BCAR3, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain in the Breast
Cancer Anti-estrogen Resistance protein 3. BCAR3 is
part of a growing family of guanine nucleotide exchange
factors is responsible for activation of Ras-family
GTPases, including Sos1 and 2, GRF1 and 2,
CalDAG-GEF/GRP1-4, C3G, cAMP-GEF/Epac 1 and 2, PDZ-GEFs,
MR-GEF, RalGDS family members, RalGPS, RasGEF, Smg GDS,
and phospholipase C(epsilon). 12102558 21262352 BCAR3
binds to the carboxy-terminus of BCAR1/p130Cas, a focal
adhesion adapter protein. Over expression of BCAR1
(p130Cas) and BCAR3 induces estrogen independent growth
in normally estrogen-dependent cell lines. They have
been linked to resistance to anti-estrogens in breast
cancer, Rac activation, and cell motility, though the
BCAR3/p130Cas complex is not required for this activity
in BCAR3. Many BCAR3-mediated signaling events in
epithelial and mesenchymal cells are independent of
p130Cas association. Structurally these proteins contain
a single SH2 domain upstream of their RasGEF domain,
which is responsible for the ability of BCAR3 to enhance
p130Cas over-expression-induced migration. In general
SH2 domains are involved in signal transduction. They
typically bind pTyr-containing ligands via two surface
pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic binding pocket, allowing
proteins with SH2 domains to localize to tyrosine
phosphorylated sites.
Length = 136
Score = 172 bits (438), Expect = 9e-56
Identities = 65/140 (46%), Positives = 81/140 (57%), Gaps = 31/140 (22%)
Query: 26 RDLRSHAWYHGAIPRSRAEEIIENEGDFLIRDCTSQPGNYVLSCMSKTQYLHFVINKVVI 85
DLRSHAWYHG IPR AE +++ EGDFL+RD S PG+YVL+C K Q LHF IN+
Sbjct: 1 EDLRSHAWYHGRIPRQVAESLVQREGDFLVRDSLSSPGDYVLTCRWKGQPLHFKINR--- 57
Query: 86 QPDTVYERVQFQFEDDLFDTVPDLITFYVVIQPDTVYERVQFQFEDDLFDTVPDLITFYV 145
VV++P Y RVQ+QFED+ FD++P L+ FYV
Sbjct: 58 ----------------------------VVLRPSEAYTRVQYQFEDEQFDSIPALVHFYV 89
Query: 146 GSGKPISSLSGAKIKSPKNR 165
G+ +PIS SGA I P NR
Sbjct: 90 GNRRPISQASGAIISRPVNR 109
>gnl|CDD|214585 smart00252, SH2, Src homology 2 domains. Src homology 2 domains
bind phosphotyrosine-containing polypeptides via 2
surface pockets. Specificity is provided via interaction
with residues that are distinct from the
phosphotyrosine. Only a single occurrence of a SH2
domain has been found in S. cerevisiae.
Length = 84
Score = 81.5 bits (202), Expect = 1e-20
Identities = 32/86 (37%), Positives = 46/86 (53%), Gaps = 11/86 (12%)
Query: 31 HAWYHGAIPRSRAEEIIENE--GDFLIRDCTSQPGNYVLSCMSKTQYLHFVINKVVIQPD 88
WYHG I R AE++++NE GDFL+RD S PG+YVLS K + H+ I +
Sbjct: 1 QPWYHGFISREEAEKLLKNEGDGDFLVRDSESSPGDYVLSVRVKGKVKHYRIRR------ 54
Query: 89 TVYERVQFQFEDDL-FDTVPDLITFY 113
E +F E F ++ +L+ Y
Sbjct: 55 --NEDGKFYLEGGRKFPSLVELVEHY 78
>gnl|CDD|198224 cd10361, SH2_Fps_family, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in
feline sarcoma, Fujinami poultry sarcoma, and
fes-related (Fes/Fps/Fer) proteins. The Fps family
consists of members Fps/Fes and Fer/Flk/Tyk3. They are
cytoplasmic protein-tyrosine kinases implicated in
signaling downstream from cytokines, growth factors and
immune receptors. Fes/Fps/Fer contains three
coiled-coil regions, an SH2 (Src-homology-2) and a TK
(tyrosine kinase catalytic) domain signature. Members
here include: Fps/Fes, Fer, Kin-31, and In general SH2
domains are involved in signal transduction. They
typically bind pTyr-containing ligands via two surface
pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic binding pocket, allowing
proteins with SH2 domains to localize to tyrosine
phosphorylated sites.
Length = 90
Score = 74.5 bits (184), Expect = 5e-18
Identities = 29/92 (31%), Positives = 47/92 (51%), Gaps = 11/92 (11%)
Query: 26 RDLRSHAWYHGAIPRSRAEEIIENEGDFLIR---DCTSQPGNYVLSCMSKTQYLHFVINK 82
+DL + +YHG +PR AEE+++N+GDFL+R VLS + HFVIN+
Sbjct: 1 KDLENEPYYHGLLPREDAEELLKNDGDFLVRKTEPKGGGKRKLVLSVRWDGKIRHFVINR 60
Query: 83 VVIQPDTVYERVQFQFEDDLFDTVPDLITFYV 114
+ ++ E F ++ +LI +Y
Sbjct: 61 D--------DGGKYYIEGKSFKSISELINYYQ 84
>gnl|CDD|215658 pfam00017, SH2, SH2 domain.
Length = 77
Score = 72.2 bits (178), Expect = 3e-17
Identities = 26/84 (30%), Positives = 43/84 (51%), Gaps = 10/84 (11%)
Query: 33 WYHGAIPRSRAEEIIEN---EGDFLIRDCTSQPGNYVLSCMSKTQYLHFVINKVVIQPDT 89
WYHG I R AE ++ N +G FL+R+ S+PG+Y LS + H+ I + +
Sbjct: 1 WYHGKISREEAERLLLNPKPDGTFLVRESESKPGDYTLSVRDDGRVKHYRIQSL---DNG 57
Query: 90 VYERVQFQFEDDLFDTVPDLITFY 113
Y + F+++P+L+ Y
Sbjct: 58 GY----YISGGVTFNSLPELVEHY 77
>gnl|CDD|198173 cd00173, SH2, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain. In general, SH2 domains
are involved in signal transduction; they bind
pTyr-containing polypeptide ligands via two surface
pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic binding pocket, allowing
proteins with SH2 domains to localize to tyrosine
phosphorylated sites. They are present in a wide array
of proteins including: adaptor proteins (Nck1, Crk,
Grb2), scaffolds (Slp76, Shc, Dapp1), kinases (Src, Syk,
Fps, Tec), phosphatases (Shp-1, Shp-2), transcription
factors (STAT1), Ras signaling molecules (Ras-Gap),
ubiquitination factors (c-Cbl), cytoskeleton regulators
(Tensin), signal regulators (SAP), and phospholipid
second messengers (PLCgamma), amongst others.
Length = 79
Score = 69.8 bits (171), Expect = 3e-16
Identities = 26/84 (30%), Positives = 44/84 (52%), Gaps = 9/84 (10%)
Query: 33 WYHGAIPRSRAEEIIEN--EGDFLIRDCTSQPGNYVLSCMSKT-QYLHFVINKVVIQPDT 89
W+HG+I R AE ++ +G FL+R+ +S+PG+YVLS S + H++I +
Sbjct: 2 WFHGSISREEAERLLRGKPDGTFLVRESSSEPGDYVLSVRSGDGKVKHYLIER---NEGG 58
Query: 90 VYERVQFQFEDDLFDTVPDLITFY 113
Y F ++P+L+ Y
Sbjct: 59 YY---LLGGSGRTFPSLPELVEHY 79
>gnl|CDD|198210 cd10347, SH2_Nterm_shark_like, N-terminal Src homology 2 (SH2)
domain found in SH2 domains, ANK, and kinase domain
(shark) proteins. These non-receptor protein-tyrosine
kinases contain two SH2 domains, five ankyrin
(ANK)-like repeats, and a potential tyrosine
phosphorylation site in the carboxyl-terminal tail
which resembles the phosphorylation site in members of
the src family. Like, mammalian non-receptor
protein-tyrosine kinases, ZAP-70 and syk proteins, they
do not have SH3 domains. However, the presence of ANK
makes these unique among protein-tyrosine kinases. Both
tyrosine kinases and ANK repeats have been shown to
transduce developmental signals, and SH2 domains are
known to participate intimately in tyrosine kinase
signaling. These tyrosine kinases are believed to be
involved in epithelial cell polarity. The members of
this family include the shark (SH2 domains, ANK, and
kinase domain) gene in Drosophila and yellow fever
mosquitos, as well as the hydra protein HTK16.
Drosophila Shark is proposed to transduce
intracellularly the Crumbs, a protein necessary for
proper organization of ectodermal epithelia,
intercellular signal. In general SH2 domains are
involved in signal transduction. They typically bind
pTyr-containing ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr
and hydrophobic binding pocket, allowing proteins with
SH2 domains to localize to tyrosine phosphorylated
sites.
Length = 81
Score = 67.8 bits (166), Expect = 2e-15
Identities = 24/54 (44%), Positives = 35/54 (64%), Gaps = 4/54 (7%)
Query: 33 WYHGAIPRSRAEEIIENEGD----FLIRDCTSQPGNYVLSCMSKTQYLHFVINK 82
WYHG I R AE ++ EG FL+R+ TS PG+YVLS +++ + LH+ I +
Sbjct: 3 WYHGKISREVAEALLLREGGRDGLFLVRESTSAPGDYVLSLLAQGEVLHYQIRR 56
>gnl|CDD|198179 cd09925, SH2_SHC, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in SH2 adaptor
protein C (SHC). SHC is involved in a wide variety of
pathways including regulating proliferation,
angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis, and bone
metabolism. An adapter protein, SHC has been implicated
in Ras activation following the stimulation of a number
of different receptors, including growth factors
[insulin, epidermal growth factor (EGF), nerve growth
factor, and platelet derived growth factor (PDGF)],
cytokines [interleukins 2, 3, and 5], erythropoietin,
and granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor,
and antigens [T-cell and B-cell receptors]. SHC has been
shown to bind to tyrosine-phosphorylated receptors, and
receptor stimulation leads to tyrosine phosphorylation
of SHC. Upon phosphorylation, SHC interacts with another
adapter protein, Grb2, which binds to the Ras GTP/GDP
exchange factor mSOS which leads to Ras activation. SHC
is composed of an N-terminal domain that interacts with
proteins containing phosphorylated tyrosines, a
(glycine/proline)-rich collagen-homology domain that
contains the phosphorylated binding site, and a
C-terminal SH2 domain. SH2 has been shown to interact
with the tyrosine-phosphorylated receptors of EGF and
PDGF and with the tyrosine-phosphorylated C chain of the
T-cell receptor, providing one of the mechanisms of
T-cell-mediated Ras activation. In general SH2 domains
are involved in signal transduction. They typically
bind pTyr-containing ligands via two surface pockets, a
pTyr and hydrophobic binding pocket, allowing proteins
with SH2 domains to localize to tyrosine phosphorylated
sites.
Length = 104
Score = 67.4 bits (165), Expect = 5e-15
Identities = 31/89 (34%), Positives = 51/89 (57%), Gaps = 9/89 (10%)
Query: 26 RDLRSHAWYHGAIPRSRAEEIIENEGDFLIRDCTSQPGNYVLSCMSKTQYLHFVINKVVI 85
LR WYHG + R AE +++ +GDFL+R+ T+ PG YVL+ M Q H ++ +
Sbjct: 2 EQLRGEPWYHGKMSRRDAESLLQTDGDFLVRESTTTPGQYVLTGMQNGQPKHLLL----V 57
Query: 86 QPDTVYERVQFQFEDDLFDTVPDLITFYV 114
P+ V R + D +F+++ LI ++V
Sbjct: 58 DPEGVV-RTK----DRVFESISHLINYHV 81
>gnl|CDD|198215 cd10352, SH2_a2chimerin_b2chimerin, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain
found in alpha2-chimerin and beta2-chimerin proteins.
Chimerins are a family of phorbol ester- and
diacylglycerol-responsive GTPase-activating proteins.
Alpha1-chimerin (formerly known as n-chimerin) and
alpha2-chimerin are alternatively spliced products of a
single gene, as are beta1- and beta2-chimerin. alpha1-
and beta1-chimerin have a relatively short N-terminal
region that does not encode any recognizable domains,
whereas alpha2- and beta2-chimerin both include a
functional SH2 domain that can bind to phosphotyrosine
motifs within receptors. All of the isoforms contain a
GAP domain with specificity in vitro for Rac1 and a
diacylglycerol (DAG)-binding C1 domain which allows them
to translocate to membranes in response to DAG signaling
and anchors them in close proximity to activated Rac.
Other C1 domain-containing diacylglycerol receptors
including: PKC, Munc-13 proteins, phorbol ester binding
scaffolding proteins involved in Ca2+-stimulated
exocytosis, and RasGRPs, diacylglycerol-activated
guanine-nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) for Ras and
Rap1. In general SH2 domains are involved in signal
transduction. They typically bind pTyr-containing
ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic
binding pocket, allowing proteins with SH2 domains to
localize to tyrosine phosphorylated sites.
Length = 91
Score = 58.1 bits (141), Expect = 1e-11
Identities = 26/84 (30%), Positives = 40/84 (47%), Gaps = 6/84 (7%)
Query: 34 YHGAIPRSRAEEIIEN--EGDFLIRDCTSQPGNYVLSCMSKTQYLHFVINKVVIQPDTVY 91
YHG I R AE+++ +G +LIR+ + G Y LS + ++ K+ Y
Sbjct: 9 YHGLISREEAEQLLSGASDGSYLIRESSRDDGYYTLSLRFNGKVKNY---KLYYDGKNHY 65
Query: 92 ERVQFQFEDDLFDTVPD-LITFYV 114
V + D + D V D LIT Y+
Sbjct: 66 HYVGEKRFDTIHDLVADGLITLYM 89
>gnl|CDD|198180 cd09926, SH2_CRK_like, Src homology 2 domain found in
cancer-related signaling adaptor protein CRK. SH2
domain in the CRK proteins. CRKI (SH2-SH3) and CRKII
(SH2-SH3-SH3) are splicing isoforms of the oncoprotein
CRK. CRKs regulate transcription and cytoskeletal
reorganization for cell growth and motility by linking
tyrosine kinases to small G proteins. The SH2 domain of
CRK associates with tyrosine-phosphorylated receptors or
components of focal adhesions, such as p130Cas and
paxillin. CRK transmits signals to small G proteins
through effectors that bind its SH3 domain, such as C3G,
the guanine-nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for Rap1
and R-Ras, and DOCK180, the GEF for Rac6. The binding of
p130Cas to the CRK-C3G complex activates Rap1, leading
to regulation of cell adhesion, and activates R-Ras,
leading to JNK-mediated activation of cell
proliferation, whereas the binding of CRK DOCK180
induces Rac1-mediated activation of cellular migration.
The activity of the different splicing isoforms varies
greatly with CRKI displaying substantial transforming
activity, CRKII less so, and phosphorylated CRKII with
no biological activity whatsoever. CRKII has a linker
region with a phosphorylated Tyr and an additional
C-terminal SH3 domain. The phosphorylated Tyr creates a
binding site for its SH2 domain which disrupts the
association between CRK and its SH2 target proteins. In
general SH2 domains are involved in signal transduction.
They typically bind pTyr-containing ligands via two
surface pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic binding pocket,
allowing proteins with SH2 domains to localize to
tyrosine phosphorylated sites.
Length = 106
Score = 58.3 bits (141), Expect = 1e-11
Identities = 29/91 (31%), Positives = 52/91 (57%), Gaps = 5/91 (5%)
Query: 32 AWYHGAIPRSRAEEIIENE--GDFLIRDCTSQPGNYVLSCMSKTQYLHFVINKVVIQPDT 89
+WY G + R A+E+++ + G FL+RD ++ PG+YVLS ++ H++IN +
Sbjct: 8 SWYFGPMSRQEAQELLQGQRHGVFLVRDSSTIPGDYVLSVSENSRVSHYIINSL---GQP 64
Query: 90 VYERVQFQFEDDLFDTVPDLITFYVVIQPDT 120
+ +++ D FD +P L+ FY + DT
Sbjct: 65 APNQSRYRIGDQEFDDLPALLEFYKLHYLDT 95
>gnl|CDD|198198 cd09945, SH2_SHB_SHD_SHE_SHF_like, Src homology 2 domain found in
SH2 domain-containing adapter proteins B, D, E, and F
(SHB, SHD, SHE, SHF). SHB, SHD, SHE, and SHF are SH2
domain-containing proteins that play various roles
throughout the cell. SHB functions in generating
signaling compounds in response to tyrosine kinase
activation. SHB contains proline-rich motifs, a
phosphotyrosine binding (PTB) domain, tyrosine
phosphorylation sites, and a SH2 domain. SHB mediates
certain aspects of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)
receptor-, fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptor-,
neural growth factor (NGF) receptor TRKA-, T cell
receptor-, interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptor- and focal
adhesion kinase- (FAK) signaling. SRC-like FYN-Related
Kinase FRK/RAK (also named BSK/IYK or GTK) and SHB
regulate apoptosis, proliferation and differentiation.
SHB promotes apoptosis and is also required for proper
mitogenicity, spreading and tubular morphogenesis in
endothelial cells. SHB also plays a role in preventing
early cavitation of embryoid bodies and reduces
differentiation to cells expressing albumin, amylase,
insulin and glucagon. SHB is a multifunctional protein
that has difference responses in different cells under
various conditions. SHE is expressed in heart, lung,
brain, and skeletal muscle, while expression of SHD is
restricted to the brain. SHF is mainly expressed in
skeletal muscle, brain, liver, prostate, testis, ovary,
small intestine, and colon. SHD may be a physiological
substrate of c-Abl and may function as an adapter
protein in the central nervous system. It is also
thought to be involved in apoptotic regulation. SHD
contains five YXXP motifs, a substrate sequence
preferred by Abl tyrosine kinases, in addition to a
poly-proline rich region and a C-terminal SH2 domain.
SHE contains two pTry protein binding domains, protein
interaction domain (PID) and a SH2 domain, followed by a
glycine-proline rich region, all of which are N-terminal
to the phosphotyrosine binding (PTB) domain. SHF
contains four putative tyrosine phosphorylation sites
and an SH2 domain. In general SH2 domains are involved
in signal transduction. They typically bind
pTyr-containing ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr
and hydrophobic binding pocket, allowing proteins with
SH2 domains to localize to tyrosine phosphorylated
sites.
Length = 98
Score = 54.7 bits (132), Expect = 2e-10
Identities = 28/83 (33%), Positives = 41/83 (49%), Gaps = 8/83 (9%)
Query: 33 WYHGAIPRSRAEEIIE--NEGDFLIRDCTSQPGNYVLSCMSKTQYLHFVINKVVIQPDTV 90
WYHGAI R AE ++ EG +L+R+ S +Y LS S ++H I +
Sbjct: 3 WYHGAITRIEAESLLRPCKEGSYLVRNSESTKQDYSLSLKSAKGFMHMRIQR---NETGQ 59
Query: 91 YERVQFQFEDDLFDTVPDLITFY 113
Y QF F+T+P++I Y
Sbjct: 60 YILGQF---SRPFETIPEMIRHY 79
>gnl|CDD|198211 cd10348, SH2_Cterm_shark_like, C-terminal Src homology 2 (SH2)
domain found in SH2 domains, ANK, and kinase domain
(shark) proteins. These non-receptor protein-tyrosine
kinases contain two SH2 domains, five ankyrin (ANK)-like
repeats, and a potential tyrosine phosphorylation site
in its carboxyl-terminal tail which resembles the
phosphorylation site in members of the src family. Like,
mammalian non-receptor protein-tyrosine kinases, ZAP-70
and syk proteins, they do not have SH3 domains. However,
the presence of ANK makes these unique among
protein-tyrosine kinases. Both tyrosine kinases and ANK
repeats have been shown to transduce developmental
signals, and SH2 domains are known to participate
intimately in tyrosine kinase signaling. These tyrosine
kinases are believed to be involved in epithelial cell
polarity. The members of this family include the shark
(SH2 domains, ANK, and kinase domain) gene in Drosophila
and yellow fever mosquitos, as well as the hydra protein
HTK16. Drosophila Shark is proposed to transduce
intracellularly the Crumbs, a protein necessary for
proper organization of ectodermal epithelia,
intercellular signal. In general SH2 domains are
involved in signal transduction. They typically bind
pTyr-containing ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr
and hydrophobic binding pocket, allowing proteins with
SH2 domains to localize to tyrosine phosphorylated
sites.
Length = 86
Score = 53.6 bits (129), Expect = 5e-10
Identities = 26/87 (29%), Positives = 42/87 (48%), Gaps = 15/87 (17%)
Query: 33 WYHGAIPRSRAEEIIENEGD----FLIRDCTSQPGNYVLSCMSKTQYLHFVINKVVIQPD 88
W HGA+ R+ A EI++ + D FL+R +PG YVL+ + + HF I
Sbjct: 2 WLHGALDRNEAVEILKQKADADGSFLVRYSRRRPGGYVLTLVYENHVYHFEI-------- 53
Query: 89 TVYERVQFQFEDD--LFDTVPDLITFY 113
++ + DD F+++ LI Y
Sbjct: 54 -QNRDDKWFYIDDGPYFESLEHLIEHY 79
>gnl|CDD|198206 cd10343, SH2_SHIP, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in
SH2-containing inositol-5'-phosphatase (SHIP) and
SLAM-associated protein (SAP). The SH2-containing
inositol-5'-phosphatase, SHIP (also called
SHIP1/SHIP1a), is a hematopoietic-restricted
phosphatidylinositide phosphatase that translocates to
the plasma membrane after extracellular stimulation and
hydrolyzes the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase
(PI3K)-generated second messenger PI-3,4,5-P3 (PIP3) to
PI-3,4-P2. As a result, SHIP dampens down PIP3 mediated
signaling and represses the proliferation,
differentiation, survival, activation, and migration of
hematopoietic cells. PIP3 recruits lipid-binding
pleckstrin homology(PH) domain-containing proteins to
the inner wall of the plasma membrane and activates
them. PH domain-containing downstream effectors include
the survival/proliferation enhancing serine/threonine
kinase, Akt (protein kinase B), the tyrosine kinase,
Btk, the regulator of protein translation, S6K, and the
Rac and cdc42 guanine nucleotide exchange factor, Vav.
SHIP is believed to act as a tumor suppressor during
leukemogenesis and lymphomagenesis, and may play a role
in activating the immune system to combat cancer. SHIP
contains an N-terminal SH2 domain, a centrally located
phosphatase domain that specifically hydrolyzes the
5'-phosphate from PIP3, PI-4,5-P2 and inositol-1,3,4,5-
tetrakisphosphate (IP4), a C2 domain, that is an
allosteric activating site when bound by SHIP's
enzymatic product, PI-3,4-P2; 2 NPXY motifs that bind
proteins with a phosphotyrosine binding (Shc, Dok 1, Dok
2) or an SH2 (p85a, SHIP2) domain; and a proline-rich
domain consisting of four PxxP motifs that bind a subset
of SH3-containing proteins including Grb2, Src, Lyn,
Hck, Abl, PLCg1, and PIAS1. The SH2 domain of SHIP binds
to the tyrosine phosphorylated forms of Shc, SHP-2,
Doks, Gabs, CD150, platelet-endothelial cell adhesion
molecule, Cas, c-Cbl, immunoreceptor tyrosine-based
inhibitory motifs (ITIMs), and immunoreceptor
tyrosine-based activation motifs (ITAMs). The X-linked
lymphoproliferative syndrome (XLP) gene encodes SAP
(also called SH2D1A/DSHP) a protein that consists of a 5
residue N-terminus, a single SH2 domain, and a short 25
residue C-terminal tail. XLP is characterized by an
extreme sensitivity to Epstein-Barr virus. Both T and
natural killer (NK) cell dysfunctions have been seen in
XLP patients. SAP binds the cytoplasmic tail of
Signaling lymphocytic activation molecule (SLAM), 2B4,
Ly-9, and CD84. SAP is believed to function as a
signaling inhibitor, by blocking or regulating binding
of other signaling proteins. SAP and the SAP-like
protein EAT-2 recognize the sequence motif TIpYXX(V/I),
which is found in the cytoplasmic domains of a
restricted number of T, B, and NK cell surface receptors
and are proposed to be natural inhibitors or regulators
of the physiological role of a small family of receptors
on the surface of these cells. In general SH2 domains
are involved in signal transduction. They typically bind
pTyr-containing ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr
and hydrophobic binding pocket, allowing proteins with
SH2 domains to localize to tyrosine phosphorylated
sites.
Length = 103
Score = 50.9 bits (122), Expect = 7e-09
Identities = 34/91 (37%), Positives = 48/91 (52%), Gaps = 17/91 (18%)
Query: 32 AWYHGAIPRSRAEEIIEN---EGDFLIRDCTSQPGNYVLSCMSKTQYLH-FVI-----NK 82
WYHG I RS+AEE++ +G FL+RD S G Y L C+ +H + I +K
Sbjct: 4 PWYHGNITRSKAEELLSKAGKDGSFLVRDSESVSGAYAL-CVLYQNCVHTYRILPNAEDK 62
Query: 83 VVIQPDTVYERVQFQFEDDLFDTVPDLITFY 113
+ +Q E V +F F T+P+LI FY
Sbjct: 63 LSVQAS---EGVPVRF----FTTLPELIEFY 86
>gnl|CDD|198189 cd09935, SH2_ABL, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in Abelson
murine lymphosarcoma virus (ABL) proteins. ABL-family
proteins are highly conserved tyrosine kinases. Each ABL
protein contains an SH3-SH2-TK (Src homology 3-Src
homology 2-tyrosine kinase) domain cassette, which
confers autoregulated kinase activity and is common
among nonreceptor tyrosine kinases. Several types of
posttranslational modifications control ABL catalytic
activity, subcellular localization, and stability, with
consequences for both cytoplasmic and nuclear ABL
functions. Binding partners provide additional
regulation of ABL catalytic activity, substrate
specificity, and downstream signaling. By combining this
cassette with actin-binding and -bundling domain, ABL
proteins are capable of connecting phosphoregulation
with actin-filament reorganization. Vertebrate paralogs,
ABL1 and ABL2, have evolved to perform specialized
functions. ABL1 includes nuclear localization signals
and a DNA binding domain which is used to mediate DNA
damage-repair functions, while ABL2 has additional
binding capacity for actin and for microtubules to
enhance its cytoskeletal remodeling functions. SH2 is
involved in several autoinhibitory mechanism that
constrain the enzymatic activity of the ABL-family
kinases. In one mechanism SH2 and SH3 cradle the kinase
domain while a cap sequence stabilizes the inactive
conformation resulting in a locked inactive state.
Another involves phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate
(PIP2) which binds the SH2 domain through residues
normally required for phosphotyrosine binding in the
linker segment between the SH2 and kinase domains. The
SH2 domain contributes to ABL catalytic activity and
target site specificity. It is thought that the ABL
catalytic site and SH2 pocket have coevolved to
recognize the same sequences. Recent work now supports a
hierarchical processivity model in which the substrate
target site most compatible with ABL kinase domain
preferences is phosphorylated with greatest efficiency.
If this site is compatible with the ABL SH2 domain
specificity, it will then reposition and dock in the SH2
pocket. This mechanism also explains how ABL kinases
phosphorylates poor targets on the same substrate if
they are properly positioned and how relatively poor
substrate proteins might be recruited to ABL through a
complex with strong substrates that can also dock with
the SH2 pocket. In general SH2 domains are involved in
signal transduction. They typically bind pTyr-containing
ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic
binding pocket, allowing proteins with SH2 domains to
localize to tyrosine phosphorylated sites.
Length = 94
Score = 50.1 bits (120), Expect = 1e-08
Identities = 25/86 (29%), Positives = 44/86 (51%), Gaps = 9/86 (10%)
Query: 30 SHAWYHGAIPRSRAEEIIEN--EGDFLIRDCTSQPGNYVLSCMSKTQYLHFVINKVVIQP 87
H+WYHG I R+ AE ++ + G FL+R+ S PG Y +S + H+ I++
Sbjct: 2 KHSWYHGPISRNAAEYLLSSGINGSFLVRESESSPGQYSISLRYDGRVYHYRISED--SD 59
Query: 88 DTVYERVQFQFEDDLFDTVPDLITFY 113
VY ++ F+T+ +L+ +
Sbjct: 60 GKVYVT-----QEHRFNTLAELVHHH 80
>gnl|CDD|198260 cd10397, SH2_Tec_Btk, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in Tec
protein, Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk). A member of
the Tec protein tyrosine kinase Btk is expressed in bone
marrow, spleen, all hematopoietic cells except T
lymphocytes and plasma cells where it plays a crucial
role in B cell maturation and mast cell activation. Btk
has been shown to interact with GNAQ, PLCG2, protein
kinase D1, B-cell linker, SH3BP5, caveolin 1, ARID3A,
and GTF2I. Most of the Tec family members have a PH
domain (Txk and the short (type 1) splice variant of
Drosophila Btk29A are exceptions), a Tec homology (TH)
domain, a SH3 domain, a SH2 domain, and a protein kinase
catalytic domain. Btk is implicated in the primary
immunodeficiency disease X-linked agammaglobulinemia
(Bruton's agammaglobulinemia). The TH domain consists
of a Zn2+-binding Btk motif and a proline-rich region.
The Btk motif is found in Tec kinases, Ras GAP, and
IGBP. It is crucial for the function of Tec PH domains
and it's lack of presence in Txk is not surprising since
it lacks a PH domain. The type 1 splice form of the
Drosophila homolog also lacks both the PH domain and the
Btk motif. The proline-rich regions are highly
conserved for the most part with the exception of Bmx
whose residues surrounding the PXXP motif are not
conserved (TH-like) and Btk29A which is entirely unique
with large numbers of glycine residues (TH-extended).
Tec family members all lack a C-terminal tyrosine having
an autoinhibitory function in its phosphorylated state.
Two tyrosine phosphorylation (pY) sites have been
identified in Btk: one located in the activation loop of
the catalytic domain which regulates the transition
between open (active) and closed (inactive) states and
the other in its SH3 domain. In general SH2 domains are
involved in signal transduction. They typically bind
pTyr-containing ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr
and hydrophobic binding pocket, allowing proteins with
SH2 domains to localize to tyrosine phosphorylated
sites.
Length = 106
Score = 50.6 bits (121), Expect = 1e-08
Identities = 29/92 (31%), Positives = 50/92 (54%), Gaps = 11/92 (11%)
Query: 28 LRSHAWYHGAIPRSRAEEIIENE---GDFLIRDCTSQPGNYVLSCMSKTQYLHFVINKVV 84
L + WY + RS+AE++++ E G F++RD +S+ G Y +S +K+ + V
Sbjct: 3 LEMYEWYSKNMTRSQAEQLLKQEGKEGGFIVRD-SSKAGKYTVSVFAKSA----GDPQGV 57
Query: 85 IQPDTVYERVQFQF---EDDLFDTVPDLITFY 113
I+ V Q Q+ E LF T+P+LI ++
Sbjct: 58 IRHYVVCSTPQSQYYLAEKHLFSTIPELINYH 89
>gnl|CDD|198188 cd09934, SH2_Tec_family, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in
Tec-like proteins. The Tec protein tyrosine kinase is
the founding member of a family that includes Btk, Itk,
Bmx, and Txk. The members have a PH domain, a
zinc-binding motif, a SH3 domain, a SH2 domain, and a
protein kinase catalytic domain. Btk is involved in
B-cell receptor signaling with mutations in Btk
responsible for X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA) in
humans and X-linked immunodeficiency (xid) in mice. Itk
is involved in T-cell receptor signaling. Tec is
expressed in both T and B cells, and is thought to
function in activated and effector T lymphocytes to
induce the expression of genes regulated by NFAT
transcription factors. In general SH2 domains are
involved in signal transduction. They typically bind
pTyr-containing ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr
and hydrophobic binding pocket, allowing proteins with
SH2 domains to localize to tyrosine phosphorylated
sites.
Length = 104
Score = 49.7 bits (119), Expect = 2e-08
Identities = 25/92 (27%), Positives = 47/92 (51%), Gaps = 13/92 (14%)
Query: 28 LRSHAWYHGAIPRSRAEEIIEN---EGDFLIRDCTSQPGNYVLSCMSKTQYLHFVINKVV 84
L + WY G + R RAE +++ EG F++R+ +S G Y +S +K V
Sbjct: 3 LEKYEWYVGDMSRQRAESLLKQEDKEGCFVVRN-SSTKGLYTVSLFTK------VPGSPH 55
Query: 85 IQPDTVYERVQFQF---EDDLFDTVPDLITFY 113
++ + + + +F E F+T+P+LI ++
Sbjct: 56 VKHYHIKQNARSEFYLAEKHCFETIPELINYH 87
>gnl|CDD|198185 cd09931, SH2_C-SH2_SHP_like, C-terminal Src homology 2 (C-SH2)
domain found in SH2 domain Phosphatases (SHP) proteins.
The SH2 domain phosphatases (SHP-1, SHP-2/Syp,
Drosophila corkscrew (csw), and Caenorhabditis elegans
Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase (Ptp-2)) are cytoplasmic
signaling enzymes. They are both targeted and regulated
by interactions of their SH2 domains with
phosphotyrosine docking sites. These proteins contain
two SH2 domains (N-SH2, C-SH2) followed by a tyrosine
phosphatase (PTP) domain, and a C-terminal extension.
Shp1 and Shp2 have two tyrosyl phosphorylation sites in
their C-tails, which are phosphorylated differentially
by receptor and nonreceptor PTKs. Csw retains the
proximal tyrosine and Ptp-2 lacks both sites.
Shp-binding proteins include receptors, scaffolding
adapters, and inhibitory receptors. Some of these bind
both Shp1 and Shp2 while others bind only one. Most
proteins that bind a Shp SH2 domain contain one or more
immuno-receptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs
(ITIMs): [SIVL]xpYxx[IVL]. Shp1 N-SH2 domain blocks the
catalytic domain and keeps the enzyme in the inactive
conformation, and is thus believed to regulate the
phosphatase activity of SHP-1. Its C-SH2 domain is
thought to be involved in searching for phosphotyrosine
activators. The SHP2 N-SH2 domain is a conformational
switch; it either binds and inhibits the phosphatase, or
it binds phosphoproteins and activates the enzyme. The
C-SH2 domain contributes binding energy and specificity,
but it does not have a direct role in activation. Csw
SH2 domain function is essential, but either SH2 domain
can fulfill this requirement. The role of the csw SH2
domains during Sevenless receptor tyrosine kinase (SEV)
signaling is to bind Daughter of Sevenless rather than
activated SEV. Ptp-2 acts in oocytes downstream of
sheath/oocyte gap junctions to promote major sperm
protein (MSP)-induced MAP Kinase (MPK-1)
phosphorylation. Ptp-2 functions in the oocyte
cytoplasm, not at the cell surface to inhibit multiple
RasGAPs, resulting in sustained Ras activation. It is
thought that MSP triggers PTP-2/Ras activation and ROS
production to stimulate MPK-1 activity essential for
oocyte maturation and that secreted MSP domains and
Cu/Zn superoxide dismutases function antagonistically to
control ROS and MAPK signaling. In general SH2 domains
are involved in signal transduction. They typically bind
pTyr-containing ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr
and hydrophobic binding pocket, allowing proteins with
SH2 domains to localize to tyrosine phosphorylated
sites.
Length = 99
Score = 48.4 bits (116), Expect = 5e-08
Identities = 22/86 (25%), Positives = 43/86 (50%), Gaps = 14/86 (16%)
Query: 33 WYHGAIPRSRAEEIIENEGD---FLIRDCTSQPGNYVLSCMSKTQYL-HFVINKVVIQPD 88
W+HG + AE+++ +G FL+R+ S+PG++VLS + + H +I
Sbjct: 2 WFHGHLSGKEAEKLLLEKGKPGSFLVRESQSKPGDFVLSVRTDDDKVTHIMIR------- 54
Query: 89 TVYERVQFQFED-DLFDTVPDLITFY 113
+ ++ + FD++ DL+ Y
Sbjct: 55 --CQGGKYDVGGGEEFDSLTDLVEHY 78
>gnl|CDD|199828 cd09941, SH2_Grb2_like, Src homology 2 domain found in Growth
factor receptor-bound protein 2 (Grb2) and similar
proteins. The adaptor proteins here include homologs
Grb2 in humans, Sex muscle abnormal protein 5 (Sem-5)
in Caenorhabditis elegans, and Downstream of receptor
kinase (drk) in Drosophila melanogaster. They are
composed of one SH2 and two SH3 domains. Grb2/Sem-5/drk
regulates the Ras pathway by linking the tyrosine
kinases to the Ras guanine nucleotide releasing protein
Sos, which converts Ras to the active GTP-bound state.
The SH2 domain of Grb2/Sem-5/drk binds class II
phosphotyrosyl peptides while its SH3 domain binds to
Sos and Sos-derived, proline-rich peptides. Besides it
function in Ras signaling, Grb2 is also thought to play
a role in apoptosis. Unlike most SH2 structures in
which the peptide binds in an extended conformation
(such that the +3 peptide residue occupies a
hydrophobic pocket in the protein, conferring a modest
degree of selectivity), Grb2 forms several hydrogen
bonds via main chain atoms with the side chain of +2
Asn. In general SH2 domains are involved in signal
transduction. They typically bind pTyr-containing
ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic
binding pocket, allowing proteins with SH2 domains to
localize to tyrosine phosphorylated sites.
Length = 95
Score = 48.4 bits (116), Expect = 5e-08
Identities = 23/57 (40%), Positives = 33/57 (57%), Gaps = 3/57 (5%)
Query: 29 RSHAWYHGAIPRSRAEEIIEN---EGDFLIRDCTSQPGNYVLSCMSKTQYLHFVINK 82
+ H W+HG I R+ AEEI+ N +G FLIR+ S PG++ LS HF + +
Sbjct: 1 KPHPWFHGKISRAEAEEILMNQRPDGAFLIRESESSPGDFSLSVKFGNDVQHFKVLR 57
>gnl|CDD|198216 cd10353, SH2_Nterm_RasGAP, N-terminal Src homology 2 (SH2) domain
found in Ras GTPase-activating protein 1 (GAP). RasGAP
is part of the GAP1 family of GTPase-activating
proteins. The protein is located in the cytoplasm and
stimulates the GTPase activity of normal RAS p21, but
not its oncogenic counterpart. Acting as a suppressor of
RAS function, the protein enhances the weak intrinsic
GTPase activity of RAS proteins resulting in RAS
inactivation, thereby allowing control of cellular
proliferation and differentiation. Mutations leading to
changes in the binding sites of either protein are
associated with basal cell carcinomas. Alternative
splicing results in two isoforms. The shorter isoform
which lacks the N-terminal hydrophobic region, has the
same activity, and is expressed in placental tissues. In
general the longer isoform contains 2 SH2 domains, a SH3
domain, a pleckstrin homology (PH) domain, and a
calcium-dependent phospholipid-binding C2 domain. The
C-terminus contains the catalytic domain of RasGap which
catalyzes the activation of Ras by hydrolyzing GTP-bound
active Ras into an inactive GDP-bound form of Ras. This
model contains the N-terminal SH2 domain. In general SH2
domains are involved in signal transduction. They
typically bind pTyr-containing ligands via two surface
pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic binding pocket, allowing
proteins with SH2 domains to localize to tyrosine
phosphorylated sites.
Length = 103
Score = 48.3 bits (115), Expect = 7e-08
Identities = 27/84 (32%), Positives = 42/84 (50%), Gaps = 12/84 (14%)
Query: 33 WYHGAIPRSRAEEIIENE---GDFLIRDCTSQPGNYVLSCMSKTQYLHFVINKVVIQPDT 89
WYHG + R+ AEE + G +LIR+ +PG++VLS +S+T HF I +
Sbjct: 21 WYHGRLDRTIAEERLRQAGKLGSYLIRESDRRPGSFVLSFLSRTGVNHFRIIAMC----- 75
Query: 90 VYERVQFQFEDDLFDTVPDLITFY 113
+ F ++ DLI +Y
Sbjct: 76 ----GDYYIGGRRFSSLSDLIGYY 95
>gnl|CDD|198197 cd09944, SH2_Grb7_family, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in
the growth factor receptor bound, subclass 7 (Grb7)
proteins. The Grb family binds to the epidermal growth
factor receptor (EGFR, erbB1) via their SH2 domains.
There are 3 members of the Grb7 family of proteins:
Grb7, Grb10, and Grb14. They are composed of an
N-terminal Proline-rich domain, a Ras Associating-like
(RA) domain, a Pleckstrin Homology (PH) domain, a
phosphotyrosine interaction region (PIR, BPS) and a
C-terminal SH2 domain. The SH2 domains of Grb7, Grb10
and Grb14 preferentially bind to a different RTK. Grb7
binds strongly to the erbB2 receptor, unlike Grb10 and
Grb14 which bind weakly to it. Grb14 binds to
Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor (FGFR). Grb10 has
been shown to interact with many different proteins,
including the insulin and IGF1 receptors,
platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) receptor-beta,
Ret, Kit, Raf1 and MEK1, and Nedd4. Grb7 family
proteins are phosphorylated on serine/threonine as well
as tyrosine residues. In general SH2 domains are
involved in signal transduction. They typically bind
pTyr-containing ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr
and hydrophobic binding pocket, allowing proteins with
SH2 domains to localize to tyrosine phosphorylated
sites.
Length = 108
Score = 47.8 bits (114), Expect = 1e-07
Identities = 21/56 (37%), Positives = 29/56 (51%), Gaps = 4/56 (7%)
Query: 29 RSHAWYHGAIPRSRAEEIIENEGD----FLIRDCTSQPGNYVLSCMSKTQYLHFVI 80
RS W+HG I R A +I +G FL+R+ S PG +VLS + H+ I
Sbjct: 3 RSQPWFHGGISRDEAARLIRQQGLVDGVFLVRESQSNPGAFVLSLKHGQKIKHYQI 58
>gnl|CDD|198196 cd09943, SH2_Nck_family, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in the
Nck family. Nck proteins are adaptors that modulate
actin cytoskeleton dynamics by linking proline-rich
effector molecules to tyrosine kinases or phosphorylated
signaling intermediates. There are two members known in
this family: Nck1 (Nckalpha) and Nck2 (Nckbeta and
Growth factor receptor-bound protein 4 (Grb4)). They
are characterized by having 3 SH3 domains and a
C-terminal SH2 domain. Nck1 and Nck2 have overlapping
functions as determined by gene knockouts. Both bind
receptor tyrosine kinases and other
tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins through their SH2
domains. In addition they also bind distinct targets.
Neuronal signaling proteins: EphrinB1, EphrinB2, and
Disabled-1 (Dab-1) all bind to Nck-2 exclusively. And in
the case of PDGFR, Tyr(P)751 binds to Nck1 while
Tyr(P)1009 binds to Nck2. Nck1 and Nck2 have a role in
the infection process of enteropathogenic Escherichia
coli (EPEC). Their SH3 domains are involved in
recruiting and activating the N-WASP/Arp2/3 complex
inducing actin polymerization resulting in the
production of pedestals, dynamic bacteria-presenting
protrusions of the plasma membrane. A similar thing
occurs in the vaccinia virus where motile plasma
membrane projections are formed beneath the virus.
Recently it has been shown that the SH2 domains of both
Nck1 and Nck2 bind the G-protein coupled receptor
kinase-interacting protein 1 (GIT1) in a
phosphorylation-dependent manner. In general SH2 domains
are involved in signal transduction. They typically bind
pTyr-containing ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr
and hydrophobic binding pocket, allowing proteins with
SH2 domains to localize to tyrosine phosphorylated
sites.
Length = 93
Score = 47.1 bits (112), Expect = 1e-07
Identities = 28/71 (39%), Positives = 38/71 (53%), Gaps = 7/71 (9%)
Query: 33 WYHGAIPRSRAEEIIEN---EGDFLIRDCTSQPGNYVLSCMSKTQYLHFVINKVVIQPDT 89
WY+G I R +AE ++ EGDFLIRD S PG+Y +S + + HF + V D
Sbjct: 3 WYYGRITRHQAETLLNEHGHEGDFLIRDSESNPGDYSVSLKAPGRNKHFKVQVV----DN 58
Query: 90 VYERVQFQFED 100
VY Q +F
Sbjct: 59 VYCIGQRKFHT 69
>gnl|CDD|198191 cd09938, SH2_N-SH2_Zap70_Syk_like, N-terminal Src homology 2
(SH2) domain found in Zeta-chain-associated protein
kinase 70 (ZAP-70) and Spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk)
proteins. ZAP-70 and Syk comprise a family of
hematopoietic cell specific protein tyrosine kinases
(PTKs) that are required for antigen and antibody
receptor function. ZAP-70 is expressed in T and natural
killer (NK) cells and Syk is expressed in B cells, mast
cells, polymorphonuclear leukocytes, platelets,
macrophages, and immature T cells. They are required
for the proper development of T and B cells, immune
receptors, and activating NK cells. They consist of two
N-terminal Src homology 2 (SH2) domains and a
C-terminal kinase domain separated from the SH2 domains
by a linker or hinge region. Phosphorylation of both
tyrosine residues within the Immunoreceptor
Tyrosine-based Activation Motifs (ITAM; consensus
sequence Yxx[LI]x(7,8)Yxx[LI]) by the Src-family PTKs
is required for efficient interaction of ZAP-70 and Syk
with the receptor subunits and for receptor function.
ZAP-70 forms two phosphotyrosine binding pockets, one
of which is shared by both SH2 domains. In Syk the two
SH2 domains do not form such a phosphotyrosine-binding
site. The SH2 domains here are believed to function
independently. In addition, the two SH2 domains of Syk
display flexibility in their relative orientation,
allowing Syk to accommodate a greater variety of
spacing sequences between the ITAM phosphotyrosines and
singly phosphorylated non-classical ITAM ligands. This
model contains the N-terminus SH2 domains of both Syk
and Zap70. In general SH2 domains are involved in
signal transduction. They typically bind
pTyr-containing ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr
and hydrophobic binding pocket, allowing proteins with
SH2 domains to localize to tyrosine phosphorylated
sites.
Length = 104
Score = 47.0 bits (112), Expect = 2e-07
Identities = 19/63 (30%), Positives = 33/63 (52%), Gaps = 7/63 (11%)
Query: 33 WYHGAIPRSRAEEIIE----NEGDFLIRDCTSQPGNYVLSCMSKTQYLHFVINKVVIQPD 88
+++G+I R AEE ++ ++G FL+R G YVLS ++ H+ I + Q +
Sbjct: 3 FFYGSITREEAEEYLKLAGMSDGLFLLRQSLRSLGGYVLSVCHGRKFHHYTIER---QLN 59
Query: 89 TVY 91
Y
Sbjct: 60 GTY 62
>gnl|CDD|199827 cd09933, SH2_Src_family, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in the
Src family of non-receptor tyrosine kinases. The Src
family kinases are nonreceptor tyrosine kinases that
have been implicated in pathways regulating
proliferation, angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis,
and bone metabolism. It is thought that transforming
ability of Src is linked to its ability to activate key
signaling molecules in these pathways, rather than
through direct activity. As such blocking Src
activation has been a target for drug companies. Src
family members can be divided into 3 groups based on
their expression pattern: 1) Src, Fyn, and Yes; 2)
Blk, Fgr, Hck, Lck, and Lyn; and 3) Frk-related kinases
Frk/Rak and Iyk/Bsk Of these, cellular c-Src is the
best studied and most frequently implicated in
oncogenesis. The c-Src contains five distinct regions:
a unique N-terminal domain, an SH3 domain, an SH2
domain, a kinase domain and a regulatory tail, as do
the other members of the family. Src exists in both
active and inactive conformations. Negative regulation
occurs through phosphorylation of Tyr, resulting in an
intramolecular association between phosphorylated Tyr
and the SH2 domain of SRC, which locks the protein in a
closed conformation. Further stabilization of the
inactive state occurs through interactions between the
SH3 domain and a proline-rich stretch of residues
within the kinase domain. Conversely, dephosphorylation
of Tyr allows SRC to assume an open conformation. Full
activity requires additional autophosphorylation of a
Tyr residue within the catalytic domain. Loss of the
negative-regulatory C-terminal segment has been shown
to result in increased activity and transforming
potential. Phosphorylation of the C-terminal Tyr
residue by C-terminal Src kinase (Csk) and Csk homology
kinase results in increased intramolecular interactions
and consequent Src inactivation. Specific phosphatases,
protein tyrosine phosphatase a (PTPa) and the
SH-containing phosphatases SHP1/SHP2, have also been
shown to take a part in Src activation. Src is also
activated by direct binding of focal adhesion kinase
(Fak) and Crk-associated substrate (Cas) to the SH2
domain. SRC activity can also be regulated by numerous
receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), such as Her2,
epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), fibroblast
growth factor receptor, platelet-derived growth factor
receptor (PDGFR), and vascular endothelial growth
factor receptor (VEGFR). In general SH2 domains are
involved in signal transduction. They typically bind
pTyr-containing ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr
and hydrophobic binding pocket, allowing proteins with
SH2 domains to localize to tyrosine phosphorylated
sites.
Length = 101
Score = 46.8 bits (112), Expect = 2e-07
Identities = 17/40 (42%), Positives = 22/40 (55%), Gaps = 4/40 (10%)
Query: 33 WYHGAIPRSRAEEI---IENE-GDFLIRDCTSQPGNYVLS 68
W+ G I R AE++ N G FLIR+ + PG Y LS
Sbjct: 5 WFFGKIKRKDAEKLLLAPGNPRGTFLIRESETTPGAYSLS 44
>gnl|CDD|198219 cd10356, SH2_ShkA_ShkC, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in SH2
domain-bearing protein kinases A and C (ShkA and ShkC).
SH2-bearing genes cloned from Dictyostelium include two
transcription factors, STATa and STATc, and a signaling
factor, SHK1 (shkA). A database search of the
Dictyostelium discoideum genome revealed two additional
putative STAT sequences, dd-STATb and dd-STATd, and four
additional putative SHK genes, dd-SHK2 (shkB), dd-SHK3
(shkC), dd-SHK4 (shkD), and dd-SHK5 (shkE). This model
contains members of shkA and shkC. All of the SHK
members are most closely related to the protein kinases
found in plants. However these kinases in plants are
not conjugated to any SH2 or SH2-like sequences.
Alignment data indicates that the SHK SH2 domains carry
some features of the STAT SH2 domains in Dictyostelium.
When STATc's linker domain was used for a BLAST search,
the sequence between the protein kinase domain and the
SH2 domain (the linker) of SHK was recovered, suggesting
a close relationship among these molecules within this
region. SHK's linker domain is predicted to contain an
alpha-helix which is indeed homologous to that of STAT.
Based on the phylogenetic alignment, SH2 domains can be
grouped into two categories, STAT-type and Src-type. SHK
family members are in between, but are closer to the
STAT-type which indicates a close relationship between
SHK and STAT families in their SH2 domains and further
supports the notion that SHKs linker-SH2 domain evolved
from STAT or STATL (STAT-like Linker-SH2) domain found
in plants. In SHK, STAT, and SPT6, the linker-SH2
domains all reside exclusively in the C-terminal
regions. In general SH2 domains are involved in signal
transduction. They typically bind pTyr-containing
ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic
binding pocket, allowing proteins with SH2 domains to
localize to tyrosine phosphorylated sites.
Length = 113
Score = 47.2 bits (112), Expect = 2e-07
Identities = 28/88 (31%), Positives = 42/88 (47%), Gaps = 10/88 (11%)
Query: 26 RDLRSHAWYHGAIPRSRAEEIIEN--EGDFLIRDCTSQPGNYVLSCMSKTQYLHFVINKV 83
R+L AW+HG I S +E + EG FL+R TS+PG Y +S +SK N
Sbjct: 5 RELMECAWFHGDISTSESENRLNGKPEGTFLVRFSTSEPGAYTISKVSK--------NGG 56
Query: 84 VIQPDTVYERVQFQFEDDLFDTVPDLIT 111
+ +FQ + + +V +LI
Sbjct: 57 ISHQRIHRPGGKFQVNNSKYLSVKELIA 84
>gnl|CDD|198190 cd09937, SH2_csk_like, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in
Carboxyl-Terminal Src Kinase (Csk). Both the C-terminal
Src kinase (CSK) and CSK-homologous kinase (CHK) are
members of the CSK-family of protein tyrosine kinases.
These proteins suppress activity of Src-family kinases
(SFK) by selectively phosphorylating the conserved
C-terminal tail regulatory tyrosine by a similar
mechanism. CHK is also capable of inhibiting SFKs by a
non-catalytic mechanism that involves binding of CHK to
SFKs to form stable protein complexes. The
unphosphorylated form of SFKs is inhibited by CSK and
CHK by a two-step mechanism. The first step involves the
formation of a complex of SFKs with CSK/CHK with the
SFKs in the complex are inactive. The second step,
involves the phosphorylation of the C-terminal tail
tyrosine of SFKs, which then dissociates and adopt an
inactive conformation. The structural basis of how the
phosphorylated SFKs dissociate from CSK/CHK to adopt the
inactive conformation is not known. The inactive
conformation of SFKs is stabilized by two intramolecular
inhibitory interactions: (a) the pYT:SH2 interaction in
which the phosphorylated C-terminal tail tyrosine (YT)
binds to the SH2 domain, and (b) the linker:SH3
interaction of which the SH2-kinase domain linker binds
to the SH3 domain. SFKs are activated by multiple
mechanisms including binding of the ligands to the SH2
and SH3 domains to displace the two inhibitory
intramolecular interactions, autophosphorylation, and
dephosphorylation of YT. By selective phosphorylation
and the non-catalytic inhibitory mechanism CSK and CHK
are able to inhibit the active forms of SFKs. CSK and
CHK are regulated by phosphorylation and inter-domain
interactions. They both contain SH3, SH2, and kinase
domains separated by the SH3-SH2 connector and SH2
kinase linker, intervening segments separating the three
domains. They lack a conserved tyrosine phosphorylation
site in the kinase domain and the C-terminal tail
regulatory tyrosine phosphorylation site. The CSK SH2
domain is crucial for stabilizing the kinase domain in
the active conformation. A disulfide bond here regulates
CSK kinase activity. The subcellular localization and
activity of CSK are regulated by its SH2 domain. In
general SH2 domains are involved in signal transduction.
They typically bind pTyr-containing ligands via two
surface pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic binding pocket,
allowing proteins with SH2 domains to localize to
tyrosine phosphorylated sites.
Length = 98
Score = 45.7 bits (109), Expect = 4e-07
Identities = 26/88 (29%), Positives = 42/88 (47%), Gaps = 20/88 (22%)
Query: 33 WYHGAIPRSRAEEIIENEGD--FLIRDCTSQPGNYVL--SCMSKTQYLHFVI---NKVVI 85
W+HG I R AE +++ D FL+R+ T+ PG+Y L S K ++ VI K+ I
Sbjct: 5 WFHGKISREEAERLLQPPEDGLFLVRESTNYPGDYTLCVSFEGKVEHYR-VIYRNGKLTI 63
Query: 86 QPDTVYERVQFQFEDDLFDTVPDLITFY 113
E++ F+ + L+ Y
Sbjct: 64 D------------EEEYFENLIQLVEHY 79
>gnl|CDD|198217 cd10354, SH2_Cterm_RasGAP, C-terminal Src homology 2 (SH2) domain
found in Ras GTPase-activating protein 1 (GAP). RasGAP
is part of the GAP1 family of GTPase-activating
proteins. The protein is located in the cytoplasm and
stimulates the GTPase activity of normal RAS p21, but
not its oncogenic counterpart. Acting as a suppressor of
RAS function, the protein enhances the weak intrinsic
GTPase activity of RAS proteins resulting in RAS
inactivation, thereby allowing control of cellular
proliferation and differentiation. Mutations leading to
changes in the binding sites of either protein are
associated with basal cell carcinomas. Alternative
splicing results in two isoforms. The shorter isoform
which lacks the N-terminal hydrophobic region, has the
same activity, and is expressed in placental tissues.
In general longer isoform contains 2 SH2 domains, a SH3
domain, a pleckstrin homology (PH) domain, and a
calcium-dependent phospholipid-binding C2 domain. The
C-terminus contains the catalytic domain of RasGap which
catalyzes the activation of Ras by hydrolyzing GTP-bound
active Ras into an inactive GDP-bound form of Ras. This
model contains the C-terminal SH2 domain. In general SH2
domains are involved in signal transduction. They
typically bind pTyr-containing ligands via two surface
pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic binding pocket, allowing
proteins with SH2 domains to localize to tyrosine
phosphorylated sites.
Length = 77
Score = 44.7 bits (106), Expect = 7e-07
Identities = 24/84 (28%), Positives = 34/84 (40%), Gaps = 11/84 (13%)
Query: 33 WYHGAIPRSRAEEII---ENEGDFLIRDCTSQPGNYVLSCMSKTQYLHFVINKVVIQPDT 89
W+HG I R A ++ G FL+R+ + PG+Y LS HF I
Sbjct: 2 WFHGKISREEAYNMLVKVGGPGSFLVRESDNTPGDYSLSFRVNEGIKHFKIIP------- 54
Query: 90 VYERVQFQFEDDLFDTVPDLITFY 113
QF F ++ D+I Y
Sbjct: 55 -TGNNQFMMGGRYFSSLDDVIDRY 77
>gnl|CDD|198259 cd10396, SH2_Tec_Itk, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in Tec
protein, IL2-inducible T-cell kinase (Itk). A member of
the Tec protein tyrosine kinase Itk is expressed thymus,
spleen, lymph node, T lymphocytes, NK and mast cells. It
plays a role in T-cell proliferation and
differentiation, analogous to Tec family kinases Txk.
Itk has been shown to interact with Fyn,
Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein, KHDRBS1, PLCG1,
Lymphocyte cytosolic protein 2, Linker of activated T
cells, Karyopherin alpha 2, Grb2, and Peptidylprolyl
isomerase A. Most of the Tec family members have a PH
domain (Txk and the short (type 1) splice variant of
Drosophila Btk29A are exceptions), a Tec homology (TH)
domain, a SH3 domain, a SH2 domain, and a protein kinase
catalytic domain. The TH domain consists of a
Zn2+-binding Btk motif and a proline-rich region. The
Btk motif is found in Tec kinases, Ras GAP, and IGBP. It
is crucial for the function of Tec PH domains and it's
lack of presence in Txk is not surprising since it lacks
a PH domain. The type 1 splice form of the Drosophila
homolog also lacks both the PH domain and the Btk motif.
The proline-rich regions are highly conserved for the
most part with the exception of Bmx whose residues
surrounding the PXXP motif are not conserved (TH-like)
and Btk29A which is entirely unique with large numbers
of glycine residues (TH-extended). Tec family members
all lack a C-terminal tyrosine having an autoinhibitory
function in its phosphorylated state. In general SH2
domains are involved in signal transduction. They
typically bind pTyr-containing ligands via two surface
pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic binding pocket, allowing
proteins with SH2 domains to localize to tyrosine
phosphorylated sites.
Length = 108
Score = 45.6 bits (108), Expect = 9e-07
Identities = 29/96 (30%), Positives = 51/96 (53%), Gaps = 15/96 (15%)
Query: 27 DLRSHAWYHGAIPRSRAEEIIEN---EGDFLIRDCTSQPGNYVLSCMSK------TQYLH 77
+L + WY+ I RS+AE+++ + EG F++RD +SQPG Y +S +K H
Sbjct: 2 NLDQYEWYNKNINRSKAEKLLRDEGKEGGFMVRD-SSQPGLYTVSLYTKAGGEGNPCIRH 60
Query: 78 FVINKVVIQPDTVYERVQFQFEDDLFDTVPDLITFY 113
+ I + P Y E +F+++P+LI ++
Sbjct: 61 YHIKETNDSPKKYYLA-----EKHVFNSIPELIEYH 91
>gnl|CDD|198193 cd09940, SH2_Vav_family, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in the
Vav family. Vav proteins are involved in several
processes that require cytoskeletal reorganization, such
as the formation of the immunological synapse (IS),
phagocytosis, platelet aggregation, spreading, and
transformation. Vavs function as guanine nucleotide
exchange factors (GEFs) for the Rho/Rac family of
GTPases. Vav family members have several conserved
motifs/domains including: a leucine-rich region, a
leucine-zipper, a calponin homology (CH) domain, an
acidic domain, a Dbl-homology (DH) domain, a pleckstrin
homology (PH) domain, a cysteine-rich domain, 2 SH3
domains, a proline-rich region, and a SH2 domain. Vavs
are the only known Rho GEFs that have both the DH/PH
motifs and SH2/SH3 domains in the same protein. The
leucine-rich helix-loop-helix (HLH) domain is thought to
be involved in protein heterodimerization with other HLH
proteins and it may function as a negative regulator by
forming inactive heterodimers. The CH domain is usually
involved in the association with filamentous actin, but
in Vav it controls NFAT stimulation, Ca2+ mobilization,
and its transforming activity. Acidic domains are
involved in protein-protein interactions and contain
regulatory tyrosines. The DH domain is a GDP-GTP
exchange factor on Rho/Rac GTPases. The PH domain in
involved in interactions with GTP-binding proteins,
lipids and/or phosphorylated serine/threonine residues.
The SH3 domain is involved in localization of proteins
to specific sites within the cell interacting with
protein with proline-rich sequences. The SH2 domain
mediates a high affinity interaction with tyrosine
phosphorylated proteins. There are three Vav mammalian
family members: Vav1 which is expressed in the
hematopoietic system, Vav2 and Vav3 are more
ubiquitously expressed. The members here include insect
and amphibian Vavs. In general SH2 domains are involved
in signal transduction. They typically bind
pTyr-containing ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr
and hydrophobic binding pocket, allowing proteins with
SH2 domains to localize to tyrosine phosphorylated
sites.
Length = 102
Score = 45.4 bits (108), Expect = 9e-07
Identities = 23/89 (25%), Positives = 37/89 (41%), Gaps = 9/89 (10%)
Query: 27 DLRSHAWYHGAIPRSRAEEIIENE--GDFLIRDCTSQPGNYVLSCMSKTQYLHFVINKVV 84
DL W+ G + R AE +EN G +L+R Y LS H K+
Sbjct: 1 DLSEFLWFVGEMERDTAENRLENRPDGTYLVRVRPQGETQYALSIKYNGDVKHM---KIE 57
Query: 85 IQPDTVYERVQFQFEDDLFDTVPDLITFY 113
+ D +Y + E F ++ +L+ +Y
Sbjct: 58 QRSDGLY----YLSESRHFKSLVELVNYY 82
>gnl|CDD|198199 cd09946, SH2_HSH2_like, Src homology 2 domain found in
hematopoietic SH2 (HSH2) protein. HSH2 is thought to
function as an adapter protein involved in tyrosine
kinase signaling. It may also be involved in regulating
cytokine signaling and cytoskeletal reorganization in
hematopoietic cells. HSH2 contains several putative
protein-binding motifs, SH3-binding proline-rich
regions, and phosphotyrosine sites, but lacks enzymatic
motifs. HSH2 was found to interact with
cytokine-regulated tyrosine kinase c-FES and an
activated Cdc42-associated tyrosine kinase ACK1. HSH2
binds c-FES through both its C-terminal region and its
N-terminal region including the SH2 domain and binds
ACK1 via its N-terminal proline-rich region. Both
kinases bound and tyrosine-phosphorylated HSH2 in
mammalian cells. In general SH2 domains are involved in
signal transduction. They typically bind pTyr-containing
ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic
binding pocket, allowing proteins with SH2 domains to
localize to tyrosine phosphorylated sites.
Length = 102
Score = 45.3 bits (107), Expect = 1e-06
Identities = 27/85 (31%), Positives = 42/85 (49%), Gaps = 13/85 (15%)
Query: 33 WYHGAIPRSRAEEIIENE--GDFLIRDCTSQPGNYVLSCMSKTQYLHFVINKVVIQPDTV 90
W+HGAI R AE ++E++ G FLIR S G Y LS +++ HF++ + D
Sbjct: 9 WFHGAISREAAENMLESQPLGSFLIRVSHSHVG-YTLSYKAQSSCRHFMVK---LLDDG- 63
Query: 91 YERVQFQF--EDDLFDTVPDLITFY 113
F E ++ L+TF+
Sbjct: 64 ----TFMIPGEKVAHTSLHALVTFH 84
>gnl|CDD|198271 cd10408, SH2_Nck1, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in Nck. Nck
proteins are adaptors that modulate actin cytoskeleton
dynamics by linking proline-rich effector molecules to
tyrosine kinases or phosphorylated signaling
intermediates. There are two members known in this
family: Nck1 (Nckalpha) and Nck2 (Nckbeta and Growth
factor receptor-bound protein 4 (Grb4)). They are
characterized by having 3 SH3 domains and a C-terminal
SH2 domain. Nck1 and Nck2 have overlapping functions as
determined by gene knockouts. Both bind receptor
tyrosine kinases and other tyrosine-phosphorylated
proteins through their SH2 domains. In addition they
also bind distinct targets. Neuronal signaling
proteins: EphrinB1, EphrinB2, and Disabled-1 (Dab-1) all
bind to Nck-2 exclusively. And in the case of PDGFR,
Tyr(P)751 binds to Nck1 while Tyr(P)1009 binds to Nck2.
Nck1 and Nck2 have a role in the infection process of
enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC). Their SH3
domains are involved in recruiting and activating the
N-WASP/Arp2/3 complex inducing actin polymerization
resulting in the production of pedestals, dynamic
bacteria-presenting protrusions of the plasma membrane.
A similar thing occurs in the vaccinia virus where
motile plasma membrane projections are formed beneath
the virus. Recently it has been shown that the SH2
domains of both Nck1 and Nck2 bind the G-protein coupled
receptor kinase-interacting protein 1 (GIT1) in a
phosphorylation-dependent manner. In general SH2 domains
are involved in signal transduction. They typically bind
pTyr-containing ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr
and hydrophobic binding pocket, allowing proteins with
SH2 domains to localize to tyrosine phosphorylated
sites.
Length = 97
Score = 44.6 bits (105), Expect = 1e-06
Identities = 28/84 (33%), Positives = 46/84 (54%), Gaps = 12/84 (14%)
Query: 33 WYHGAIPRSRAEEIIE---NEGDFLIRDCTSQPGNYVLSCMSKTQYLHFVINKVVIQPDT 89
WY+G + R +AE + NEGDFLIRD S P ++ +S ++ + HF KV ++ +
Sbjct: 3 WYYGKVTRHQAEMALNERGNEGDFLIRDSESSPNDFSVSLKAQGKNKHF---KVQLK-EC 58
Query: 90 VYERVQFQFEDDLFDTVPDLITFY 113
VY Q + F ++ +L+ Y
Sbjct: 59 VYCIGQRK-----FSSMEELVEHY 77
>gnl|CDD|198252 cd10389, SH2_SHB, Src homology 2 domain found in SH2
domain-containing adapter protein B (SHB). SHB
functions in generating signaling compounds in response
to tyrosine kinase activation. SHB contains proline-rich
motifs, a phosphotyrosine binding (PTB) domain, tyrosine
phosphorylation sites, and a SH2 domain. SHB mediates
certain aspects of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)
receptor-, fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptor-,
neural growth factor (NGF) receptor TRKA-, T cell
receptor-, interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptor- and focal
adhesion kinase- (FAK) signaling. SRC-like FYN-Related
Kinase FRK/RAK (also named BSK/IYK or GTK) and SHB
regulate apoptosis, proliferation and differentiation.
SHB promotes apoptosis and is also required for proper
mitogenicity, spreading and tubular morphogenesis in
endothelial cells. SHB also plays a role in preventing
early cavitation of embryoid bodies and reduces
differentiation to cells expressing albumin, amylase,
insulin and glucagon. SHB is a multifunctional protein
that has difference responses in different cells under
various conditions. In general SH2 domains are involved
in signal transduction. They typically bind
pTyr-containing ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr
and hydrophobic binding pocket, allowing proteins with
SH2 domains to localize to tyrosine phosphorylated
sites.
Length = 97
Score = 44.7 bits (105), Expect = 1e-06
Identities = 25/83 (30%), Positives = 40/83 (48%), Gaps = 9/83 (10%)
Query: 33 WYHGAIPRSRAEEIIE--NEGDFLIRDCTSQPGNYVLSCMSKTQYLHFVINKVVIQPDTV 90
WYHGAI R AE ++ E +L+R+ + +Y LS S ++H + K
Sbjct: 3 WYHGAISRGDAENLLRLCKECSYLVRNSQTSKHDYSLSLKSNQGFMHMKLAK-------T 55
Query: 91 YERVQFQFEDDLFDTVPDLITFY 113
E+ FD+VP++I +Y
Sbjct: 56 KEKYVLGQNSPPFDSVPEVIHYY 78
>gnl|CDD|199830 cd10349, SH2_SH2D2A_SH2D7, Src homology 2 domain found in the SH2
domain containing protein 2A and 7 (SH2D2A and SH2D7).
SH2D2A and SH7 both contain a single SH2 domain. In
general SH2 domains are involved in signal
transduction. They typically bind pTyr-containing
ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic
binding pocket, allowing proteins with SH2 domains to
localize to tyrosine phosphorylated sites.
Length = 77
Score = 43.7 bits (103), Expect = 2e-06
Identities = 20/53 (37%), Positives = 31/53 (58%), Gaps = 3/53 (5%)
Query: 32 AWYHGAIPRSRAEEIIENE--GDFLIRDCTSQPGNYVLSCMSKTQYLHFVINK 82
AW+HG I R AE ++E + G +L+R S +VLS S+T HF++ +
Sbjct: 1 AWFHGFITRREAERLLEPKPQGCYLVRFSESAVT-FVLSYRSRTCCRHFLLAQ 52
>gnl|CDD|198255 cd10392, SH2_SHF, Src homology 2 domain found in SH2
domain-containing adapter protein F (SHF). SHF is
thought to play a role in PDGF-receptor signaling and
regulation of apoptosis. SHF is mainly expressed in
skeletal muscle, brain, liver, prostate, testis, ovary,
small intestine, and colon. SHF contains four putative
tyrosine phosphorylation sites and an SH2 domain. In
general SH2 domains are involved in signal transduction.
They typically bind pTyr-containing ligands via two
surface pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic binding pocket,
allowing proteins with SH2 domains to localize to
tyrosine phosphorylated sites.
Length = 98
Score = 43.1 bits (101), Expect = 6e-06
Identities = 22/83 (26%), Positives = 40/83 (48%), Gaps = 8/83 (9%)
Query: 33 WYHGAIPRSRAEEIIE--NEGDFLIRDCTSQPGNYVLSCMSKTQYLHFVINKVVIQPDTV 90
WYHGAI R+ AE ++ E +L+R+ + ++ LS S ++H +++ T
Sbjct: 3 WYHGAISRTDAENLLRLCKEASYLVRNSETSKNDFSLSLKSSQGFMHMKLSR------TK 56
Query: 91 YERVQFQFEDDLFDTVPDLITFY 113
+ F +VP++I Y
Sbjct: 57 EHKYVLGQNSPPFSSVPEIIHHY 79
>gnl|CDD|198195 cd09942, SH2_nSH2_p85_like, N-terminal Src homology 2 (nSH2) domain
found in p85. Phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) are
essential for cell growth, migration, and survival.
p110, the catalytic subunit, is composed of an
adaptor-binding domain, a Ras-binding domain, a C2
domain, a helical domain, and a kinase domain. The
regulatory unit is called p85 and is composed of an SH3
domain, a RhoGap domain, a N-terminal SH2 (nSH2) domain,
an internal SH2 (iSH2) domain, and C-terminal (cSH2)
domain. There are 2 inhibitory interactions between
p110alpha and p85 of P13K: (1) p85 nSH2 domain with the
C2, helical, and kinase domains of p110alpha and (2) p85
iSH2 domain with C2 domain of p110alpha. There are 3
inhibitory interactions between p110beta and p85 of
P13K: (1) p85 nSH2 domain with the C2, helical, and
kinase domains of p110beta, (2) p85 iSH2 domain with C2
domain of p110alpha, and (3) p85 cSH2 domain with the
kinase domain of p110alpha. It is interesting to note
that p110beta is oncogenic as a wild type protein while
p110alpha lacks this ability. One explanation is the
idea that the regulation of p110beta by p85 is unique
because of the addition of inhibitory contacts from the
cSH2 domain and the loss of contacts in the iSH2 domain.
In general SH2 domains are involved in signal
transduction. They typically bind pTyr-containing
ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic
binding pocket, allowing proteins with SH2 domains to
localize to tyrosine phosphorylated sites.
Length = 110
Score = 42.7 bits (101), Expect = 1e-05
Identities = 26/93 (27%), Positives = 45/93 (48%), Gaps = 14/93 (15%)
Query: 25 NRDLRSHAWYHGAIPRSRAEEIIEN--EGDFLIRDCTSQPGNYVLSCMSKTQYLHFVINK 82
L+ WY G I R E + + +G FL+RD ++ G+Y L+ NK
Sbjct: 1 PHSLQEAEWYWGDISREEVNEKMRDTPDGTFLVRDASTMKGDYTLTLRKGGN------NK 54
Query: 83 VVIQPDTVYERV-QFQFEDDL-FDTVPDLITFY 113
++ ++ R ++ F D L F++V +LI +Y
Sbjct: 55 LI----KIFHRDGKYGFSDPLTFNSVVELINYY 83
>gnl|CDD|198261 cd10398, SH2_Tec_Txk, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in Tec
protein, Txk. A member of the Tec protein tyrosine
kinase Txk is expressed in thymus, spleen, lymph node, T
lymphocytes, NK cells, mast cell lines, and myeloid cell
line. Txk plays a role in TCR signal transduction, T
cell development, and selection which is analogous to
the function of Itk. Txk has been shown to interact with
IFN-gamma. Unlike most of the Tec family members Txk
lacks a PH domain. Instead Txk has a unique region
containing a palmitoylated cysteine string which has a
similar membrane tethering function as the PH domain.
Txk also has a zinc-binding motif, a SH3 domain, a SH2
domain, and a protein kinase catalytic domain. The TH
domain consists of a Zn2+-binding Btk motif and a
proline-rich region. The Btk motif is found in Tec
kinases, Ras GAP, and IGBP and crucial to the function
of the PH domain. It is not present in Txk which is not
surprising since it lacks a PH domain. The type 1 splice
form of the Drosophila homolog also lacks both the PH
domain and the Btk motif. The proline-rich regions are
highly conserved for the most part with the exception of
Bmx whose residues surrounding the PXXP motif are not
conserved (TH-like) and Btk29A which is entirely unique
with large numbers of glycine residues (TH-extended).
Tec family members all lack a C-terminal tyrosine having
an autoinhibitory function in its phosphorylated state.
In general SH2 domains are involved in signal
transduction. They typically bind pTyr-containing
ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic
binding pocket, allowing proteins with SH2 domains to
localize to tyrosine phosphorylated sites.
Length = 106
Score = 42.2 bits (99), Expect = 1e-05
Identities = 27/96 (28%), Positives = 47/96 (48%), Gaps = 17/96 (17%)
Query: 27 DLRSHAWYHGAIPRSRAEEIIEN---EGDFLIRDCTSQPGNYVLSCMSKTQ------YLH 77
+L + WYH I R++AE ++ EG F++RD + G+Y +S ++ + H
Sbjct: 2 NLEIYEWYHKNITRNQAERLLRQESKEGAFIVRD-SRHLGSYTISVFTRARRSTEASIKH 60
Query: 78 FVINKVVIQPDTVYERVQFQFEDDLFDTVPDLITFY 113
+ I K V ER LF ++P+LI ++
Sbjct: 61 YQIKKNDSGQWYVAER-------HLFQSIPELIQYH 89
>gnl|CDD|198262 cd10399, SH2_Tec_Bmx, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in Tec
protein, Bmx. A member of the Tec protein tyrosine
kinase Bmx is expressed in the endothelium of large
arteries, fetal endocardium, adult endocardium of the
left ventricle, bone marrow, lung, testis, granulocytes,
myeloid cell lines, and prostate cell lines. Bmx is
involved in the regulation of Rho and serum response
factor (SRF). Bmx has been shown to interact with PAK1,
PTK2, PTPN21, and RUFY1. Most of the Tec family members
have a PH domain (Txk and the short (type 1) splice
variant of Drosophila Btk29A are exceptions), a Tec
homology (TH) domain, a SH3 domain, a SH2 domain, and a
protein kinase catalytic domain. The TH domain consists
of a Zn2+-binding Btk motif and a proline-rich region.
The Btk motif is found in Tec kinases, Ras GAP, and
IGBP. It is crucial for the function of Tec PH domains.
It is not present in Txk and the type 1 splice form of
the Drosophila homolog. The proline-rich regions are
highly conserved for the most part with the exception of
Bmx whose residues surrounding the PXXP motif are not
conserved (TH-like) and Btk29A which is entirely unique
with large numbers of glycine residues (TH-extended).
Tec family members all lack a C-terminal tyrosine having
an autoinhibitory function in its phosphorylated state.
In general SH2 domains are involved in signal
transduction. They typically bind pTyr-containing
ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic
binding pocket, allowing proteins with SH2 domains to
localize to tyrosine phosphorylated sites.
Length = 106
Score = 41.9 bits (98), Expect = 1e-05
Identities = 27/95 (28%), Positives = 48/95 (50%), Gaps = 13/95 (13%)
Query: 25 NRDLRSHAWYHGAIPRSRAEEIIEN---EGDFLIRDCTSQPGNYVLSCMSKTQYLHFVIN 81
N D W+ G I RS++E+++ EG F++R+ +SQ G Y +S SK
Sbjct: 2 NLDAYD--WFAGNISRSQSEQLLRQKGKEGAFMVRN-SSQVGMYTVSLFSKAVN----DK 54
Query: 82 KVVIQPDTVYERVQFQF---EDDLFDTVPDLITFY 113
K ++ V+ + + E+ FD++P LI ++
Sbjct: 55 KGTVKHYHVHTNAENKLYLAENYCFDSIPKLIHYH 89
>gnl|CDD|198209 cd10346, SH2_SH2B_family, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in
SH2B adapter protein family. The SH2B adapter protein
family has 3 members: SH2B1 (SH2-B, PSM), SH2B2
(APS), and SH2B3 (Lnk). SH2B family members contain a
pleckstrin homology domain, at least one dimerization
domain, and a C-terminal SH2 domain which binds to
phosphorylated tyrosines in a variety of tyrosine
kinases. SH2B1 and SH2B2 function in signaling
pathways found downstream of growth hormone receptor
and receptor tyrosine kinases, including the insulin,
insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), platelet-derived
growth factor (PDGF), nerve growth factor, hepatocyte
growth factor, and fibroblast growth factor receptors.
SH2B2beta, a new isoform of SH2B2, is an endogenous
inhibitor of SH2B1 and/or SH2B2 (SH2B2alpha),
negatively regulating insulin signaling and/or
JAK2-mediated cellular responses. SH2B3 negatively
regulates lymphopoiesis and early hematopoiesis. The
lnk-deficiency results in enhanced production of B
cells, and expansion as well as enhanced function of
hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), demonstrating negative
regulatory functions of Sh2b3/Lnk in cytokine
signaling. Sh2b3/Lnk also functions in responses
controlled by cell adhesion and in crosstalk between
integrin- and cytokine-mediated signaling. In general
SH2 domains are involved in signal transduction. They
typically bind pTyr-containing ligands via two surface
pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic binding pocket,
allowing proteins with SH2 domains to localize to
tyrosine phosphorylated sites.
Length = 97
Score = 41.3 bits (97), Expect = 3e-05
Identities = 16/63 (25%), Positives = 33/63 (52%), Gaps = 7/63 (11%)
Query: 26 RDLRSHAWYHGAIPRSRAEEIIENEGD-----FLIRDCTSQPGNYVLS--CMSKTQYLHF 78
+L + W+HG + RS A +++ + G FL+R ++ G +VL+ + ++L
Sbjct: 3 AELSEYPWFHGTLSRSDAAQLVLHSGADGHGVFLVRQSETRRGEFVLTFNFQGRAKHLRL 62
Query: 79 VIN 81
+N
Sbjct: 63 TLN 65
>gnl|CDD|198218 cd10355, SH2_DAPP1_BAM32_like, Src homology 2 domain found in dual
adaptor for phosphotyrosine and 3-phosphoinositides (
DAPP1)/B lymphocyte adaptor molecule of 32 kDa
(Bam32)-like proteins. DAPP1/Bam32 contains a putative
myristoylation site at its N-terminus, followed by a SH2
domain, and a pleckstrin homology (PH) domain at its
C-terminus. DAPP1 could potentially be recruited to the
cell membrane by any of these domains. Its putative
myristoylation site could facilitate the interaction of
DAPP1 with the lipid bilayer. Its SH2 domain may also
interact with phosphotyrosine residues on
membrane-associated proteins such as activated tyrosine
kinase receptors. And finally its PH domain exhibits a
high-affinity interaction with the PtdIns(3,4,5)P(3)
PtdIns(3,4)P(2) second messengers produced at the cell
membrane following the activation of PI 3-kinases. DAPP1
is thought to interact with both tyrosine phosphorylated
proteins and 3-phosphoinositides and therefore may play
a role in regulating the location and/or activity of
such proteins(s) in response to agonists that elevate
PtdIns(3,4,5)P(3) and PtdIns(3,4)P(2). This protein is
likely to play an important role in triggering signal
transduction pathways that lie downstream from receptor
tyrosine kinases and PI 3-kinase. It is likely that
DAPP1 functions as an adaptor to recruit other proteins
to the plasma membrane in response to extracellular
signals. In general SH2 domains are involved in signal
transduction. They typically bind pTyr-containing
ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic
binding pocket, allowing proteins with SH2 domains to
localize to tyrosine phosphorylated sites.
Length = 92
Score = 40.9 bits (96), Expect = 3e-05
Identities = 23/89 (25%), Positives = 40/89 (44%), Gaps = 12/89 (13%)
Query: 28 LRSHAWYHGAIPRSRAEEII---ENEGDFLIRDCTSQPGNYVLSCMSKTQYLHFVINKVV 84
L+S WYHG + R AE ++ +G +L+R+ G + LS +K HF +
Sbjct: 3 LQSLGWYHGNLTRHAAEALLLSNGVDGSYLLRNSNEGTGLFSLSVRAKDSVKHFHVE--- 59
Query: 85 IQPDTVYERVQFQFEDDLFDTVPDLITFY 113
Y F+F + F ++ D + +
Sbjct: 60 ------YTGYSFKFGFNEFSSLQDFVKHF 82
>gnl|CDD|199832 cd10417, SH2_SH2D7, Src homology 2 domain found in the SH2 domain
containing protein 7 (SH2D7). SH2D7 contains a single
SH2 domain. In general SH2 domains are involved in
signal transduction. They typically bind
pTyr-containing ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr
and hydrophobic binding pocket, allowing proteins with
SH2 domains to localize to tyrosine phosphorylated
sites.
Length = 102
Score = 41.0 bits (96), Expect = 3e-05
Identities = 20/52 (38%), Positives = 30/52 (57%), Gaps = 3/52 (5%)
Query: 33 WYHGAIPRSRAEEIIENE--GDFLIRDCTSQPGNYVLSCMSKTQYLHFVINK 82
W+HG I R + E+++ ++ G FLIR G Y+LS + HFVIN+
Sbjct: 9 WFHGFITRKQTEQLLRDKALGSFLIRLSDRATG-YILSYRGSDRCRHFVINQ 59
>gnl|CDD|198186 cd09932, SH2_C-SH2_PLC_gamma_like, C-terminal Src homology 2
(C-SH2) domain in Phospholipase C gamma. Phospholipase
C gamma is a signaling molecule that is recruited to the
C-terminal tail of the receptor upon autophosphorylation
of a highly conserved tyrosine. PLCgamma is composed of
a Pleckstrin homology (PH) domain followed by an
elongation factor (EF) domain, 2 catalytic regions of
PLC domains that flank 2 tandem SH2 domains (N-SH2,
C-SH2), and ending with a SH3 domain and C2 domain.
N-SH2 SH2 domain-mediated interactions represent a
crucial step in transmembrane signaling by receptor
tyrosine kinases. SH2 domains recognize phosphotyrosine
(pY) in the context of particular sequence motifs in
receptor phosphorylation sites. Both N-SH2 and C-SH2
have a very similar binding affinity to pY. But in
growth factor stimulated cells these domains bind to
different target proteins. N-SH2 binds to pY containing
sites in the C-terminal tails of tyrosine kinases and
other receptors. Recently it has been shown that this
interaction is mediated by phosphorylation-independent
interactions between a secondary binding site found
exclusively on the N-SH2 domain and a region of the
FGFR1 tyrosine kinase domain. This secondary site on the
SH2 cooperates with the canonical pY site to regulate
selectivity in mediating a specific cellular process.
C-SH2 binds to an intramolecular site on PLCgamma itself
which allows it to hydrolyze
phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate into
diacylglycerol and inositol triphosphate. These then
activate protein kinase C and release calcium. In
general SH2 domains are involved in signal transduction.
They typically bind pTyr-containing ligands via two
surface pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic binding pocket,
allowing proteins with SH2 domains to localize to
tyrosine phosphorylated sites.
Length = 104
Score = 41.1 bits (97), Expect = 3e-05
Identities = 21/96 (21%), Positives = 40/96 (41%), Gaps = 30/96 (31%)
Query: 30 SHAWYHGAIPRSRAEEI---IENEGDFLIRDCTSQPGNYVLS---------CMSKTQYLH 77
S W+H + R +AEE+ + +G FL+R + P ++ +S C K +
Sbjct: 3 SKEWFHANLTREQAEEMLMRVPRDGAFLVRPSETDPNSFAISFRAEGKIKHCRIKQEGRL 62
Query: 78 FVINKVVIQPDTVYERVQFQFEDDLFDTVPDLITFY 113
FVI F+++ +L+++Y
Sbjct: 63 FVIGTSQ------------------FESLVELVSYY 80
>gnl|CDD|198223 cd10360, SH2_Srm, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in Src-related
kinase lacking C-terminal regulatory tyrosine and
N-terminal myristoylation sites (srm). Srm is a
nonreceptor protein kinase that has two SH2 domains, a
SH3 domain, and a kinase domain with a tyrosine residue
for autophosphorylation. However it lacks an N-terminal
glycine for myristoylation and a C-terminal tyrosine
which suppresses kinase activity when phosphorylated.
Srm is most similar to members of the Tec family who
other members include: Tec, Btk/Emb, and Itk/Tsk/Emt.
However Srm differs in its N-terminal unique domain it
being much smaller than in the Tec family and is closer
to Src. Srm is thought to be a new family of nonreceptor
tyrosine kinases that may be redundant in function. In
general SH2 domains are involved in signal transduction.
They typically bind pTyr-containing ligands via two
surface pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic binding pocket,
allowing proteins with SH2 domains to localize to
tyrosine phosphorylated sites.
Length = 79
Score = 40.3 bits (94), Expect = 3e-05
Identities = 22/86 (25%), Positives = 43/86 (50%), Gaps = 13/86 (15%)
Query: 33 WYHGAIPRSRAEEII----ENEGDFLIRDCTSQPGNYVLSCMSKTQYLHFVINKVVIQPD 88
WY I R++A++++ G FLIR S G Y LS ++ + H+ ++ + P
Sbjct: 2 WYFSGISRTQAQQLLLSPPNEPGAFLIRPSESSLGGYSLSVRAQAKVCHY---RICMAPS 58
Query: 89 -TVYERVQFQFEDDLFDTVPDLITFY 113
++Y + + LF + +L+ +Y
Sbjct: 59 GSLYLQ-----KGRLFPGLEELLAYY 79
>gnl|CDD|198184 cd09930, SH2_cSH2_p85_like, C-terminal Src homology 2 (cSH2)
domain found in p85. Phosphoinositide 3-kinases
(PI3Ks) are essential for cell growth, migration, and
survival. p110, the catalytic subunit, is composed of
an adaptor-binding domain, a Ras-binding domain, a C2
domain, a helical domain, and a kinase domain. The
regulatory unit is called p85 and is composed of an SH3
domain, a RhoGap domain, a N-terminal SH2 (nSH2)
domain, a inter SH2 (iSH2) domain, and C-terminal
(cSH2) domain. There are 2 inhibitory interactions
between p110alpha and p85 of P13K: 1) p85 nSH2 domain
with the C2, helical, and kinase domains of p110alpha
and 2) p85 iSH2 domain with C2 domain of p110alpha.
There are 3 inhibitory interactions between p110beta
and p85 of P13K: 1) p85 nSH2 domain with the C2,
helical, and kinase domains of p110beta, 2) p85 iSH2
domain with C2 domain of p110alpha, and 3) p85 cSH2
domain with the kinase domain of p110alpha. It is
interesting to note that p110beta is oncogenic as a
wild type protein while p110alpha lacks this ability.
One explanation is the idea that the regulation of
p110beta by p85 is unique because of the addition of
inhibitory contacts from the cSH2 domain and the loss
of contacts in the iSH2 domain. In general SH2 domains
are involved in signal transduction. They typically
bind pTyr-containing ligands via two surface pockets, a
pTyr and hydrophobic binding pocket, allowing proteins
with SH2 domains to localize to tyrosine phosphorylated
sites.
Length = 104
Score = 40.9 bits (96), Expect = 3e-05
Identities = 20/52 (38%), Positives = 29/52 (55%), Gaps = 3/52 (5%)
Query: 33 WYHGAIPRSRAEEIIEN--EGDFLIRDCTSQPGNYVLSCMSKTQYLHFVINK 82
W G I R++AEE++ +G FLIR+ +S G Y S + + H VI K
Sbjct: 8 WLVGDINRTQAEELLRGKPDGTFLIRE-SSTQGCYACSVVCNGEVKHCVIYK 58
>gnl|CDD|198214 cd10351, SH2_SH2D4B, Src homology 2 domain found in the SH2
domain containing protein 4B (SH2D4B). SH2D4B contains
a single SH2 domain. In general SH2 domains are
involved in signal transduction. They typically bind
pTyr-containing ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr
and hydrophobic binding pocket, allowing proteins with
SH2 domains to localize to tyrosine phosphorylated
sites.
Length = 103
Score = 40.6 bits (95), Expect = 4e-05
Identities = 18/51 (35%), Positives = 30/51 (58%), Gaps = 3/51 (5%)
Query: 33 WYHGAIPRSRAEEIIEN--EGDFLIRDCTSQPGNYVLSCMSKTQYLHFVIN 81
W+HG I R AE ++ N EG FL+R + + Y LS ++ + HF+++
Sbjct: 9 WFHGIISREEAEALLMNATEGSFLVR-VSEKIWGYTLSYRLQSGFKHFLVD 58
>gnl|CDD|198272 cd10409, SH2_Nck2, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in Nck. Nck
proteins are adaptors that modulate actin cytoskeleton
dynamics by linking proline-rich effector molecules to
tyrosine kinases or phosphorylated signaling
intermediates. There are two members known in this
family: Nck1 (Nckalpha) and Nck2 (Nckbeta and Growth
factor receptor-bound protein 4 (Grb4)). They are
characterized by having 3 SH3 domains and a C-terminal
SH2 domain. Nck1 and Nck2 have overlapping functions as
determined by gene knockouts. Both bind receptor
tyrosine kinases and other tyrosine-phosphorylated
proteins through their SH2 domains. In addition they
also bind distinct targets. Neuronal signaling
proteins: EphrinB1, EphrinB2, and Disabled-1 (Dab-1)
all bind to Nck-2 exclusively. And in the case of
PDGFR, Tyr(P)751 binds to Nck1 while Tyr(P)1009 binds
to Nck2. Nck1 and Nck2 have a role in the infection
process of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC).
Their SH3 domains are involved in recruiting and
activating the N-WASP/Arp2/3 complex inducing actin
polymerization resulting in the production of
pedestals, dynamic bacteria-presenting protrusions of
the plasma membrane. A similar thing occurs in the
vaccinia virus where motile plasma membrane projections
are formed beneath the virus. Recently it has been
shown that the SH2 domains of both Nck1 and Nck2 bind
the G-protein coupled receptor kinase-interacting
protein 1 (GIT1) in a phosphorylation-dependent manner.
In general SH2 domains are involved in signal
transduction. They typically bind pTyr-containing
ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic
binding pocket, allowing proteins with SH2 domains to
localize to tyrosine phosphorylated sites.
Length = 98
Score = 40.4 bits (94), Expect = 5e-05
Identities = 24/62 (38%), Positives = 34/62 (54%), Gaps = 7/62 (11%)
Query: 33 WYHGAIPRSRAEEIIEN---EGDFLIRDCTSQPGNYVLSCMSKTQYLHFVINKVVIQPDT 89
WY+G + R +AE + EGDFLIRD S P ++ +S + + HF KV + D
Sbjct: 3 WYYGNVTRHQAECALNERGVEGDFLIRDSESSPSDFSVSLKAVGKNKHF---KVQLV-DN 58
Query: 90 VY 91
VY
Sbjct: 59 VY 60
>gnl|CDD|198278 cd10415, SH2_Grb10, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in the
growth factor receptor bound, subclass 10 (Grb10)
proteins. The Grb family binds to the epidermal growth
factor receptor (EGFR, erbB1) via their SH2 domains.
Grb10 is part of the Grb7 family of proteins which also
includes Grb7, and Grb14. They are composed of an
N-terminal Proline-rich domain, a Ras Associating-like
(RA) domain, a Pleckstrin Homology (PH) domain, a
phosphotyrosine interaction region (PIR, BPS) and a
C-terminal SH2 domain. The SH2 domains of Grb7, Grb10
and Grb14 preferentially bind to a different RTK. Grb10
has been shown to interact with many different
proteins, including the insulin and IGF1 receptors,
platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) receptor-beta,
Ret, Kit, Raf1 and MEK1, and Nedd4. In general SH2
domains are involved in signal transduction. They
typically bind pTyr-containing ligands via two surface
pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic binding pocket,
allowing proteins with SH2 domains to localize to
tyrosine phosphorylated sites.
Length = 108
Score = 40.4 bits (94), Expect = 6e-05
Identities = 19/56 (33%), Positives = 29/56 (51%), Gaps = 4/56 (7%)
Query: 29 RSHAWYHGAIPRSRAEEIIENEGD----FLIRDCTSQPGNYVLSCMSKTQYLHFVI 80
R+ W+HG I R + II+ +G FL+RD S P +VL+ + +F I
Sbjct: 3 RTQHWFHGRISREESHRIIKQQGLVDGLFLLRDSQSNPKAFVLTLCHHQKIKNFQI 58
>gnl|CDD|198276 cd10413, SH2_Grb7, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in the
growth factor receptor bound, subclass 7 (Grb7)
proteins. The Grb family binds to the epidermal growth
factor receptor (EGFR, erbB1) via their SH2 domains.
Grb7 is part of the Grb7 family of proteins which also
includes Grb10, and Grb14. They are composed of an
N-terminal Proline-rich domain, a Ras Associating-like
(RA) domain, a Pleckstrin Homology (PH) domain, a
phosphotyrosine interaction region (PIR, BPS) and a
C-terminal SH2 domain. The SH2 domains of Grb7, Grb10
and Grb14 preferentially bind to a different RTK. Grb7
binds strongly to the erbB2 receptor, unlike Grb10 and
Grb14 which bind weakly to it. Grb7 family proteins are
phosphorylated on serine/threonine as well as tyrosine
residues. In general SH2 domains are involved in signal
transduction. They typically bind pTyr-containing
ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic
binding pocket, allowing proteins with SH2 domains to
localize to tyrosine phosphorylated sites.
Length = 108
Score = 40.3 bits (94), Expect = 6e-05
Identities = 17/56 (30%), Positives = 29/56 (51%), Gaps = 4/56 (7%)
Query: 29 RSHAWYHGAIPRSRAEEIIENE----GDFLIRDCTSQPGNYVLSCMSKTQYLHFVI 80
R+ W+HG I R ++ +I + G FL+R+ P +VLS + H++I
Sbjct: 3 RTQPWFHGRISREESQRLIGQQGLVDGVFLVRESQRNPQGFVLSLCHLQKVKHYLI 58
>gnl|CDD|198277 cd10414, SH2_Grb14, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in the
growth factor receptor bound, subclass 14 (Grb14)
proteins. The Grb family binds to the epidermal growth
factor receptor (EGFR, erbB1) via their SH2 domains.
Grb14 is part of the Grb7 family of proteins which also
includes Grb7, and Grb14. They are composed of an
N-terminal Proline-rich domain, a Ras Associating-like
(RA) domain, a Pleckstrin Homology (PH) domain, a
phosphotyrosine interaction region (PIR, BPS) and a
C-terminal SH2 domain. The SH2 domains of Grb7, Grb10
and Grb14 preferentially bind to a different RTK. Grb14
binds to Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor (FGFR) and
weakly to the erbB2 receptor. In general SH2 domains
are involved in signal transduction. They typically
bind pTyr-containing ligands via two surface pockets, a
pTyr and hydrophobic binding pocket, allowing proteins
with SH2 domains to localize to tyrosine phosphorylated
sites.
Length = 108
Score = 40.3 bits (94), Expect = 7e-05
Identities = 24/57 (42%), Positives = 31/57 (54%), Gaps = 6/57 (10%)
Query: 29 RSHAWYHGAIPRSRAEEIIENEGD----FLIRDCTSQPGNYVLSCMSKTQYL-HFVI 80
RS W+H I R A+ +I +G FL+RD S P +VLS MS Q + HF I
Sbjct: 3 RSQPWFHHKISRDEAQRLIIQQGLVDGVFLVRDSQSNPRTFVLS-MSHGQKIKHFQI 58
>gnl|CDD|198275 cd10412, SH2_SH2B3, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in SH2B
adapter proteins (SH2B1, SH2B2, SH2B3). SH2B3 (Lnk),
like other members of the SH2B adapter protein family,
contains a pleckstrin homology domain, at least one
dimerization domain, and a C-terminal SH2 domain which
binds to phosphorylated tyrosines in a variety of
tyrosine kinases. SH2B3 negatively regulates
lymphopoiesis and early hematopoiesis. The
lnk-deficiency results in enhanced production of B
cells, and expansion as well as enhanced function of
hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), demonstrating negative
regulatory functions of Sh2b3/Lnk in cytokine
signaling. Sh2b3/Lnk also functions in responses
controlled by cell adhesion and in crosstalk between
integrin- and cytokine-mediated signaling. In general
SH2 domains are involved in signal transduction. They
typically bind pTyr-containing ligands via two surface
pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic binding pocket,
allowing proteins with SH2 domains to localize to
tyrosine phosphorylated sites.
Length = 97
Score = 39.5 bits (92), Expect = 1e-04
Identities = 15/49 (30%), Positives = 27/49 (55%), Gaps = 5/49 (10%)
Query: 25 NRDLRSHAWYHGAIPRSRAEEII-----ENEGDFLIRDCTSQPGNYVLS 68
+ L + W+HG I R +A +++ + G FL+R ++ G YVL+
Sbjct: 2 DHFLSCYPWFHGPISRVKAAQLVQLQGPDAHGVFLVRQSETRRGEYVLT 50
>gnl|CDD|198274 cd10411, SH2_SH2B2, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in SH2B
adapter proteins (SH2B1, SH2B2, SH2B3). SH2B2 (APS),
like other members of the SH2B adapter protein family,
contains a pleckstrin homology domain, at least one
dimerization domain, and a C-terminal SH2 domain which
binds to phosphorylated tyrosines in a variety of
tyrosine kinases. SH2B1 and SH2B2 function in
signaling pathways found downstream of growth hormone
receptor and receptor tyrosine kinases, including the
insulin, insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I),
platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), nerve growth
factor, hepatocyte growth factor, and fibroblast growth
factor receptors. SH2B2beta, a new isoform of SH2B2, is
an endogenous inhibitor of SH2B1 and/or SH2B2
(SH2B2alpha), negatively regulating insulin signaling
and/or JAK2-mediated cellular responses. In general SH2
domains are involved in signal transduction. They
typically bind pTyr-containing ligands via two surface
pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic binding pocket,
allowing proteins with SH2 domains to localize to
tyrosine phosphorylated sites.
Length = 97
Score = 39.2 bits (91), Expect = 1e-04
Identities = 18/62 (29%), Positives = 34/62 (54%), Gaps = 7/62 (11%)
Query: 27 DLRSHAWYHGAIPRSRAEEII-----ENEGDFLIRDCTSQPGNYVLS--CMSKTQYLHFV 79
+L + W+HG + R +A +++ + G F+IR ++PG YVL+ K ++L
Sbjct: 4 ELSDYPWFHGTLSRVKAAQLVLAGGPRSHGLFVIRQSETRPGEYVLTFNFQGKAKHLRLS 63
Query: 80 IN 81
+N
Sbjct: 64 LN 65
>gnl|CDD|198265 cd10402, SH2_C-SH2_Zap70, C-terminal Src homology 2 (SH2) domain
found in Zeta-chain-associated protein kinase 70
(ZAP-70). ZAP-70 and Syk comprise a family of
hematopoietic cell specific protein tyrosine kinases
(PTKs) that are required for antigen and antibody
receptor function. ZAP-70 is expressed in T and natural
killer (NK) cells and Syk is expressed in B cells,
mast cells, polymorphonuclear leukocytes, platelets,
macrophages, and immature T cells. They are required
for the proper development of T and B cells, immune
receptors, and activating NK cells. They consist of two
N-terminal Src homology 2 (SH2) domains and a
C-terminal kinase domain separated from the SH2 domains
by a linker or hinge region. Phosphorylation of both
tyrosine residues within the Immunoreceptor
Tyrosine-based Activation Motifs (ITAM; consensus
sequence Yxx[LI]x(7,8)Yxx[LI]) by the Src-family PTKs
is required for efficient interaction of ZAP-70 and Syk
with the receptor subunits and for receptor function.
ZAP-70 forms two phosphotyrosine binding pockets, one
of which is shared by both SH2 domains. In Syk the two
SH2 domains do not form such a phosphotyrosine-binding
site. The SH2 domains here are believed to function
independently. In addition, the two SH2 domains of Syk
display flexibility in their relative orientation,
allowing Syk to accommodate a greater variety of
spacing sequences between the ITAM phosphotyrosines and
singly phosphorylated non-classical ITAM ligands. This
model contains the C-terminus SH2 domains of Zap70. In
general SH2 domains are involved in signal
transduction. They typically bind pTyr-containing
ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic
binding pocket, allowing proteins with SH2 domains to
localize to tyrosine phosphorylated sites.
Length = 105
Score = 39.1 bits (91), Expect = 2e-04
Identities = 21/56 (37%), Positives = 32/56 (57%), Gaps = 7/56 (12%)
Query: 32 AWYHGAIPRSRAEEII----ENEGDFLIRDCTSQPGNYVLSCM-SKTQYLHFVINK 82
WYHG+I R AE + + +G FL+R+ + G Y LS + KT Y H+ I++
Sbjct: 11 PWYHGSIARDEAERRLYSGAQPDGKFLLRE-RKESGTYALSLVYGKTVY-HYRIDQ 64
>gnl|CDD|199831 cd10369, SH2_Src_Frk, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in the
Fyn-related kinase (Frk). Frk is a member of the Src
non-receptor type tyrosine kinase family of proteins.
The Frk subfamily is composed of Frk/Rak and
Iyk/Bsk/Gst. It is expressed primarily epithelial
cells. Frk is a nuclear protein and may function
during G1 and S phase of the cell cycle and suppress
growth. Unlike the other Src members it lacks a glycine
at position 2 of SH4 which is important for addition of
a myristic acid moiety that is involved in targeting
Src PTKs to cellular membranes. FRK and SHB exert
similar effects when overexpressed in rat
phaeochromocytoma (PC12) and beta-cells, where both
induce PC12 cell differentiation and beta-cell
proliferation. Under conditions that cause beta-cell
degeneration these proteins augment beta-cell
apoptosis. The FRK-SHB responses involve FAK and
insulin receptor substrates (IRS) -1 and -2. Frk has
been demonstrated to interact with retinoblastoma
protein. Frk regulates PTEN protein stability by
phosphorylating PTEN, which in turn prevents PTEN
degradation. Frk also plays a role in regulation of
embryonal pancreatic beta cell formation. Frk has a
unique N-terminal domain, an SH3 domain, an SH2 domain,
a kinase domain and a regulatory tail, as do the other
members of the family. Like the other members of the
Src family the SH2 domain in addition to binding the
target, also plays an autoinhibitory role by binding to
its activation loop. The tryosine involved is at the
same site as the tyrosine involved in the
autophosphorylation of Src. In general SH2 domains are
involved in signal transduction. They typically bind
pTyr-containing ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr
and hydrophobic binding pocket, allowing proteins with
SH2 domains to localize to tyrosine phosphorylated
sites.
Length = 96
Score = 37.9 bits (88), Expect = 4e-04
Identities = 21/55 (38%), Positives = 31/55 (56%), Gaps = 4/55 (7%)
Query: 33 WYHGAIPRSRAEEII---EN-EGDFLIRDCTSQPGNYVLSCMSKTQYLHFVINKV 83
W+ GAI R+ AE+ + EN G FLIR+ SQ G + LS + H+ I ++
Sbjct: 5 WFFGAIKRADAEKQLLYSENQTGAFLIRESESQKGEFSLSVLDGGVVKHYRIRRL 59
>gnl|CDD|199829 cd10341, SH2_N-SH2_PLC_gamma_like, N-terminal Src homology 2
(N-SH2) domain in Phospholipase C gamma. Phospholipase
C gamma is a signaling molecule that is recruited to the
C-terminal tail of the receptor upon autophosphorylation
of a highly conserved tyrosine. PLCgamma is composed of
a Pleckstrin homology (PH) domain followed by an
elongation factor (EF) domain, 2 catalytic regions of
PLC domains that flank 2 tandem SH2 domains (N-SH2,
C-SH2), and ending with a SH3 domain and C2 domain.
N-SH2 SH2 domain-mediated interactions represent a
crucial step in transmembrane signaling by receptor
tyrosine kinases. SH2 domains recognize phosphotyrosine
(pY) in the context of particular sequence motifs in
receptor phosphorylation sites. Both N-SH2 and C-SH2
have a very similar binding affinity to pY. But in
growth factor stimulated cells these domains bind to
different target proteins. N-SH2 binds to pY containing
sites in the C-terminal tails of tyrosine kinases and
other receptors. Recently it has been shown that this
interaction is mediated by phosphorylation-independent
interactions between a secondary binding site found
exclusively on the N-SH2 domain and a region of the
FGFR1 tyrosine kinase domain. This secondary site on the
SH2 cooperates with the canonical pY site to regulate
selectivity in mediating a specific cellular process.
C-SH2 binds to an intramolecular site on PLCgamma itself
which allows it to hydrolyze
phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate into
diacylglycerol and inositol triphosphate. These then
activate protein kinase C and release calcium. In
general SH2 domains are involved in signal transduction.
They typically bind pTyr-containing ligands via two
surface pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic binding pocket,
allowing proteins with SH2 domains to localize to
tyrosine phosphorylated sites.
Length = 99
Score = 37.7 bits (88), Expect = 5e-04
Identities = 22/88 (25%), Positives = 42/88 (47%), Gaps = 11/88 (12%)
Query: 33 WYHGAIPRSR--AEEIIE-----NEGDFLIRDCTSQPGNYVLSCMSKTQYLHFVINKVVI 85
W+HG + R AE+++ +G FL+R+ + G+Y LS + H I
Sbjct: 6 WFHGKLGDGRDEAEKLLLEYCEGGDGTFLVRESETFVGDYTLSFWRNGKVQHCRIRSRQE 65
Query: 86 QPDTVYERVQFQFEDDLFDTVPDLITFY 113
+ Y + ++ +FD++ +LI +Y
Sbjct: 66 NGEKKY----YLTDNLVFDSLYELIDYY 89
>gnl|CDD|198254 cd10391, SH2_SHE, Src homology 2 domain found in SH2
domain-containing adapter protein E (SHE). SHE is
expressed in heart, lung, brain, and skeletal muscle.
SHE contains two pTry protein binding domains, protein
interaction domain (PID) and a SH2 domain, followed by a
glycine-proline rich region, all of which are N-terminal
to the phosphotyrosine binding (PTB) domain. In general
SH2 domains are involved in signal transduction. They
typically bind pTyr-containing ligands via two surface
pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic binding pocket, allowing
proteins with SH2 domains to localize to tyrosine
phosphorylated sites.
Length = 98
Score = 37.6 bits (87), Expect = 5e-04
Identities = 21/83 (25%), Positives = 42/83 (50%), Gaps = 8/83 (9%)
Query: 33 WYHGAIPRSRAEEIIEN--EGDFLIRDCTSQPGNYVLSCMSKTQYLHFVINKVVIQPDTV 90
WYHG+I R+ AE ++ E +L+R+ S Y ++ + +H ++ + D
Sbjct: 3 WYHGSISRAEAESRLQPCKEASYLVRNSESGNSKYSIALKTSQGCVHIIVAQT---KDNK 59
Query: 91 YERVQFQFEDDLFDTVPDLITFY 113
Y Q +FD++P+++ +Y
Sbjct: 60 YTLNQ---TSAVFDSIPEVVHYY 79
>gnl|CDD|198178 cd09923, SH2_SOCS_family, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in
suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) family. SH2
domain found in SOCS proteins. SOCS was first recognized
as a group of cytokine-inducible SH2 (CIS) domain
proteins comprising eight family members in human (CIS
and SOCS1-SOCS7). In addition to the SH2 domain, SOCS
proteins have a variable N-terminal domain and a
conserved SOCS box in the C-terminal domain. SOCS
proteins bind to a substrate via their SH2 domain. The
prototypical members, CIS and SOCS1-SOCS3, have been
shown to regulate growth hormone signaling in vitro and
in a classic negative feedback response compete for
binding at phosphotyrosine sites in JAK kinase and
receptor pathways to displace effector proteins and
target bound receptors for proteasomal degradation. Loss
of SOCS activity results in excessive cytokine signaling
associated with a variety of hematopoietic, autoimmune,
and inflammatory diseases and certain cancers. Members
(SOCS4-SOCS7) were identified by their conserved SOCS
box, an adapter motif of 3 helices that associates
substrate binding domains, such as the SOCS SH2 domain,
ankryin, and WD40 with ubiquitin ligase components.
These show limited cytokine induction. In general SH2
domains are involved in signal transduction. They
typically bind pTyr-containing ligands via two surface
pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic binding pocket, allowing
proteins with SH2 domains to localize to tyrosine
phosphorylated sites.
Length = 81
Score = 36.8 bits (86), Expect = 7e-04
Identities = 31/90 (34%), Positives = 39/90 (43%), Gaps = 18/90 (20%)
Query: 33 WYHGAIPRSRAEEIIEN--EGDFLIRDCTSQPGNYVLSCMSKTQY---LHFVINKVVIQP 87
WY G I R AEE++ EG FL+RD +S Y+ S +S Y LH I
Sbjct: 2 WYWGGITRYEAEELLAGKPEGTFLVRD-SSDS-RYLFS-VSFRTYGRTLHARIE----YS 54
Query: 88 DTVYERVQFQFEDDL---FDTVPDLITFYV 114
+ R F D F V +LI YV
Sbjct: 55 N---GRFSFDSSDPSVPRFPCVVELIEHYV 81
>gnl|CDD|198253 cd10390, SH2_SHD, Src homology 2 domain found in SH2
domain-containing adapter proteins D (SHD). The
expression of SHD is restricted to the brain. SHD may be
a physiological substrate of c-Abl and may function as
an adapter protein in the central nervous system. It is
also thought to be involved in apoptotic regulation. SHD
contains five YXXP motifs, a substrate sequence
preferred by Abl tyrosine kinases, in addition to a
poly-proline rich region and a C-terminal SH2 domain. In
general SH2 domains are involved in signal transduction.
They typically bind pTyr-containing ligands via two
surface pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic binding pocket,
allowing proteins with SH2 domains to localize to
tyrosine phosphorylated sites.
Length = 98
Score = 36.6 bits (84), Expect = 0.001
Identities = 23/83 (27%), Positives = 39/83 (46%), Gaps = 8/83 (9%)
Query: 33 WYHGAIPRSRAEEIIE--NEGDFLIRDCTSQPGNYVLSCMSKTQYLHFVINKVVIQPDTV 90
W+HG + R+ AE ++ EG +L+R ++P + LS S +LH + T
Sbjct: 3 WFHGPLSRADAENLLSLCKEGSYLVRLSETRPQDCSLSLRSSQGFLHLKFAR------TR 56
Query: 91 YERVQFQFEDDLFDTVPDLITFY 113
+V F +VP+L+ Y
Sbjct: 57 ENQVVLGQHSGPFPSVPELVLHY 79
>gnl|CDD|198268 cd10405, SH2_Vav1, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in the Vav1
proteins. Proto-oncogene vav is a member of the Dbl
family of guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEF) for
the Rho family of GTP binding proteins. All vavs are
activated by tyrosine phosphorylation leading to their
activation. There are three Vav mammalian family
members: Vav1 which is expressed in the hematopoietic
system, and Vav2 and Vav3 are more ubiquitously
expressed. Vav1 plays a role in T-cell and B-cell
development and activation. It has been identified as
the specific binding partner of Nef proteins from HIV-1,
resulting in morphological changes, cytoskeletal
rearrangements, and the JNK/SAPK signaling cascade,
leading to increased levels of viral transcription and
replication. Vav1 has been shown to interact with Ku70,
PLCG1, Lymphocyte cytosolic protein 2, Janus kinase 2,
SIAH2, S100B, Abl gene, ARHGDIB, SHB, PIK3R1, PRKCQ,
Grb2, MAPK1, Syk, Linker of activated T cells, Cbl gene
and EZH2. Vav proteins are involved in several processes
that require cytoskeletal reorganization, such as the
formation of the immunological synapse (IS),
phagocytosis, platelet aggregation, spreading, and
transformation. Vavs function as guanine nucleotide
exchange factors (GEFs) for the Rho/Rac family of
GTPases. Vav family members have several conserved
motifs/domains including: a leucine-rich region, a
leucine-zipper, a calponin homology (CH) domain, an
acidic domain, a Dbl-homology (DH) domain, a pleckstrin
homology (PH) domain, a cysteine-rich domain, 2 SH3
domains, a proline-rich region, and a SH2 domain. Vavs
are the only known Rho GEFs that have both the DH/PH
motifs and SH2/SH3 domains in the same protein. The
leucine-rich helix-loop-helix (HLH) domain is thought to
be involved in protein heterodimerization with other HLH
proteins and it may function as a negative regulator by
forming inactive heterodimers. The CH domain is usually
involved in the association with filamentous actin, but
in Vav it controls NFAT stimulation, Ca2+ mobilization,
and its transforming activity. Acidic domains are
involved in protein-protein interactions and contain
regulatory tyrosines. The DH domain is a GDP-GTP
exchange factor on Rho/Rac GTPases. The PH domain in
involved in interactions with GTP-binding proteins,
lipids and/or phosphorylated serine/threonine residues.
The SH3 domain is involved in localization of proteins
to specific sites within the cell interacting with
protein with proline-rich sequences. The SH2 domain
mediates a high affinity interaction with tyrosine
phosphorylated proteins. In general SH2 domains are
involved in signal transduction. They typically bind
pTyr-containing ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr
and hydrophobic binding pocket, allowing proteins with
SH2 domains to localize to tyrosine phosphorylated
sites.
Length = 103
Score = 36.9 bits (85), Expect = 0.001
Identities = 23/89 (25%), Positives = 36/89 (40%), Gaps = 10/89 (11%)
Query: 27 DLRSHAWYHGAIPRSRAEEIIEN--EGDFLIRDCTSQPGNYVLSCMSKTQYLHFVINKVV 84
DL H WY G + R+ AE I+ N +G +L+R + +S + H I
Sbjct: 1 DLSVHLWYAGPMERAGAESILANRSDGTYLVRQRVKDAAEFAISIKYNVEVKHIKI---- 56
Query: 85 IQPDTVYERVQFQFEDDLFDTVPDLITFY 113
E + E F + +L+ FY
Sbjct: 57 ----MTAEGLYRITEKKAFRGLTELVEFY 81
>gnl|CDD|198233 cd10370, SH2_Src_Src42, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in the
Src oncogene at 42A (Src42). Src42 is a member of the
Src non-receptor type tyrosine kinase family of
proteins. The integration of receptor tyrosine
kinase-induced RAS and Src42 signals by Connector
eNhancer of KSR (CNK) as a two-component input is
essential for RAF activation in Drosophila. Src42 is
present in a wide variety of organisms including:
California sea hare, pea aphid, yellow fever mosquito,
honey bee, Panamanian leafcutter ant, and sea urchin.
Src42 has a unique N-terminal domain, an SH3 domain, an
SH2 domain, a kinase domain and a regulatory tail, as
do the other members of the family. Like the other
members of the Src family the SH2 domain in addition to
binding the target, also plays an autoinhibitory role
by binding to its C-terminal tail. In general SH2
domains are involved in signal transduction. They
typically bind pTyr-containing ligands via two surface
pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic binding pocket,
allowing proteins with SH2 domains to localize to
tyrosine phosphorylated sites.
Length = 96
Score = 36.3 bits (84), Expect = 0.001
Identities = 20/43 (46%), Positives = 25/43 (58%), Gaps = 4/43 (9%)
Query: 30 SHAWYHGAIPRSRAEEII---ENE-GDFLIRDCTSQPGNYVLS 68
+ WY G I R AE+ + ENE G FLIRD S+ +Y LS
Sbjct: 2 AEPWYFGKIKRIEAEKKLLLPENEHGAFLIRDSESRHNDYSLS 44
>gnl|CDD|198213 cd10350, SH2_SH2D4A, Src homology 2 domain found in the SH2
domain containing protein 4A (SH2D4A). SH2D4A contains
a single SH2 domain. In general SH2 domains are
involved in signal transduction. They typically bind
pTyr-containing ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr
and hydrophobic binding pocket, allowing proteins with
SH2 domains to localize to tyrosine phosphorylated
sites.
Length = 103
Score = 36.1 bits (83), Expect = 0.002
Identities = 18/51 (35%), Positives = 28/51 (54%), Gaps = 3/51 (5%)
Query: 33 WYHGAIPRSRAEEIIEN--EGDFLIRDCTSQPGNYVLSCMSKTQYLHFVIN 81
W+HG + +A E++ + G FLIR G Y LS +S+ HF+I+
Sbjct: 9 WFHGILTLKKANELLLSTMPGSFLIRVSEKIKG-YALSYLSEEGCKHFLID 58
>gnl|CDD|198264 cd10401, SH2_C-SH2_Syk_like, C-terminal Src homology 2 (SH2)
domain found in Spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) proteins.
ZAP-70 and Syk comprise a family of hematopoietic cell
specific protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) that are
required for antigen and antibody receptor function.
ZAP-70 is expressed in T and natural killer (NK) cells
and Syk is expressed in B cells, mast cells,
polymorphonuclear leukocytes, platelets, macrophages,
and immature T cells. They are required for the proper
development of T and B cells, immune receptors, and
activating NK cells. They consist of two N-terminal Src
homology 2 (SH2) domains and a C-terminal kinase domain
separated from the SH2 domains by a linker or hinge
region. Phosphorylation of both tyrosine residues
within the Immunoreceptor Tyrosine-based Activation
Motifs (ITAM; consensus sequence Yxx[LI]x(7,8)Yxx[LI])
by the Src-family PTKs is required for efficient
interaction of ZAP-70 and Syk with the receptor
subunits and for receptor function. ZAP-70 forms two
phosphotyrosine binding pockets, one of which is shared
by both SH2 domains. In Syk the two SH2 domains do not
form such a phosphotyrosine-binding site. The SH2
domains here are believed to function independently. In
addition, the two SH2 domains of Syk display
flexibility in their relative orientation, allowing Syk
to accommodate a greater variety of spacing sequences
between the ITAM phosphotyrosines and singly
phosphorylated non-classical ITAM ligands. This model
contains the C-terminus SH2 domains of Syk. In general
SH2 domains are involved in signal transduction. They
typically bind pTyr-containing ligands via two surface
pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic binding pocket,
allowing proteins with SH2 domains to localize to
tyrosine phosphorylated sites.
Length = 99
Score = 35.6 bits (82), Expect = 0.002
Identities = 19/54 (35%), Positives = 31/54 (57%), Gaps = 5/54 (9%)
Query: 33 WYHGAIPRSRAEEII----ENEGDFLIRDCTSQPGNYVLSCMSKTQYLHFVINK 82
W+HG I R +E+I+ + G FLIR+ + G+Y L + + LH+ I+K
Sbjct: 5 WFHGKISREESEQILLIGSKTNGKFLIRERDNN-GSYALCLLHDGKVLHYRIDK 57
>gnl|CDD|198183 cd09929, SH2_BLNK_SLP-76, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in
B-cell linker (BLNK) protein and SH2 domain-containing
leukocyte protein of 76 kDa (SLP-76). BLNK (also known
as SLP-65 or BASH) is an important adaptor protein
expressed in B-lineage cells. BLNK consists of a
N-terminal sterile alpha motif (SAM) domain and a
C-terminal SH2 domain. BLNK is a cytoplasmic protein,
but a part of it is bound to the plasma membrane
through an N-terminal leucine zipper motif and
transiently bound to a cytoplasmic domain of Iga
through its C-terminal SH2 domain upon B cell antigen
receptor (BCR)-stimulation. A non-ITAM phosphotyrosine
in Iga is necessary for the binding with the BLNK SH2
domain and/or for normal BLNK function in signaling and
B cell activation. Upon phosphorylation BLNK binds Btk
and PLCgamma2 through their SH2 domains and mediates
PLCgamma2 activation by Btk. BLNK also binds other
signaling molecules such as Vav, Grb2, Syk, and HPK1.
BLNK has been shown to be necessary for BCR-mediated
Ca2+ mobilization, for the activation of
mitogen-activated protein kinases such as ERK, JNK, and
p38 in a chicken B cell line DT40, and for activation
of transcription factors such as NF-AT and NF-kappaB in
human or mouse B cells. BLNK is involved in B cell
development, B cell survival, activation,
proliferation, and T-independent immune responses. BLNK
is structurally homologous to SLP-76. SLP-76 and
(linker for activation of T cells) LAT are
adaptor/linker proteins in T cell antigen receptor
activation and T cell development. BLNK interacts with
many downstream signaling proteins that interact
directly with both SLP-76 and LAT. New data suggest
functional complementation of SLP-76 and LAT in T cell
antigen receptor function with BLNK in BCR function. In
general SH2 domains are involved in signal
transduction. They typically bind pTyr-containing
ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic
binding pocket, allowing proteins with SH2 domains to
localize to tyrosine phosphorylated sites.
Length = 121
Score = 36.1 bits (84), Expect = 0.002
Identities = 20/51 (39%), Positives = 24/51 (47%), Gaps = 9/51 (17%)
Query: 24 DNRDLRSHAWYHGAIPRSRAEEI---IENEGDFLIRDC----TSQPGNYVL 67
+ DL WY G I R AEE +G FL+RD +SQP Y L
Sbjct: 4 EEADLLPKEWYAGNIDRKEAEEALRRSNKDGTFLVRDSSGKDSSQP--YTL 52
>gnl|CDD|198246 cd10383, SH2_SOCS2, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in
suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins. SH2
domain found in SOCS proteins. SOCS was first recognized
as a group of cytokine-inducible SH2 (CIS) domain
proteins comprising eight family members in human (CIS
and SOCS1-SOCS7). In addition to the SH2 domain, SOCS
proteins have a variable N-terminal domain and a
conserved SOCS box in the C-terminal domain. SOCS
proteins bind to a substrate via their SH2 domain. The
prototypical members, CIS and SOCS1-SOCS3, have been
shown to regulate growth hormone signaling in vitro and
in a classic negative feedback response compete for
binding at phosphotyrosine sites in JAK kinase and
receptor pathways to displace effector proteins and
target bound receptors for proteasomal degradation. Loss
of SOCS activity results in excessive cytokine signaling
associated with a variety of hematopoietic, autoimmune,
and inflammatory diseases and certain cancers. Members
(SOCS4-SOCS7) were identified by their conserved SOCS
box, an adapter motif of 3 helices that associates
substrate binding domains, such as the SOCS SH2 domain,
ankryin, and WD40 with ubiquitin ligase components.
These show limited cytokine induction. In general SH2
domains are involved in signal transduction. They
typically bind pTyr-containing ligands via two surface
pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic binding pocket, allowing
proteins with SH2 domains to localize to tyrosine
phosphorylated sites.
Length = 103
Score = 35.6 bits (82), Expect = 0.002
Identities = 29/108 (26%), Positives = 51/108 (47%), Gaps = 25/108 (23%)
Query: 26 RDLRSHAWYHGAIPRSRAEEIIEN--EGDFLIRDCTSQPGNYVLSCMSKT---------- 73
R+L WY G++ + A+E +++ EG FL+RD S +Y+L+ KT
Sbjct: 2 RELSQTGWYWGSMTVNEAKEKLQDAPEGTFLVRD--SSHSDYLLTISVKTSAGPTNLRIE 59
Query: 74 -QYLHFVINKVVIQPDTVYERVQFQFEDDLFDTVPDLITFYVVIQPDT 120
Q F ++ ++ V +++ FD+V LI +YV + D
Sbjct: 60 YQDGKFRLDSIIC----VKSKLK------QFDSVVHLIEYYVQMCKDK 97
>gnl|CDD|198207 cd10344, SH2_SLAP, Src homology 2 domain found in Src-like
adaptor proteins. SLAP belongs to the subfamily of
adapter proteins that negatively regulate cellular
signaling initiated by tyrosine kinases. It has a
myristylated N-terminus, SH3 and SH2 domains with high
homology to Src family tyrosine kinases, and a unique
C-terminal tail, which is important for c-Cbl binding.
SLAP negatively regulates platelet-derived growth
factor (PDGF)-induced mitogenesis in fibroblasts and
regulates F-actin assembly for dorsal ruffles
formation. c-Cbl mediated SLAP inhibition towards actin
remodeling. Moreover, SLAP enhanced PDGF-induced c-Cbl
phosphorylation by SFK. In contrast, SLAP mitogenic
inhibition was not mediated by c-Cbl, but it rather
involved a competitive mechanism with SFK for
PDGF-receptor (PDGFR) association and mitogenic
signaling. Accordingly, phosphorylation of the Src
mitogenic substrates Stat3 and Shc were reduced by
SLAP. Thus, we concluded that SLAP regulates PDGFR
signaling by two independent mechanisms: a competitive
mechanism for PDGF-induced Src mitogenic signaling and
a non-competitive mechanism for dorsal ruffles
formation mediated by c-Cbl. SLAP is a hematopoietic
adaptor containing Src homology (SH)3 and SH2 motifs
and a unique carboxy terminus. Unlike c-Src, SLAP lacks
a tyrosine kinase domain. Unlike c-Src, SLAP does not
impact resorptive function of mature osteoclasts but
induces their early apoptosis. SLAP negatively
regulates differentiation of osteoclasts and
proliferation of their precursors. Conversely, SLAP
decreases osteoclast death by inhibiting activation of
caspase 3. In general SH2 domains are involved in
signal transduction. They typically bind
pTyr-containing ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr
and hydrophobic binding pocket, allowing proteins with
SH2 domains to localize to tyrosine phosphorylated
sites.
Length = 104
Score = 35.5 bits (82), Expect = 0.003
Identities = 15/42 (35%), Positives = 22/42 (52%), Gaps = 4/42 (9%)
Query: 31 HAWYHGAIPRSRAEEIIE----NEGDFLIRDCTSQPGNYVLS 68
H W + R +AEE++ G FLIR+ ++ G Y LS
Sbjct: 10 HGWLFEGLSREKAEELLMLPGNQVGSFLIRESETRRGCYSLS 51
>gnl|CDD|198279 cd10416, SH2_SH2D2A, Src homology 2 domain found in the SH2
domain containing protein 2A (SH2D2A). SH2D2A contains
a single SH2 domain. In general SH2 domains are
involved in signal transduction. They typically bind
pTyr-containing ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr
and hydrophobic binding pocket, allowing proteins with
SH2 domains to localize to tyrosine phosphorylated
sites.
Length = 102
Score = 35.4 bits (81), Expect = 0.003
Identities = 24/72 (33%), Positives = 40/72 (55%), Gaps = 9/72 (12%)
Query: 32 AWYHGAIPRSRAEEIIENE--GDFLIRDCTSQPGNYVLSCMSKTQYLHFVINK------V 83
AW+HG I R AE ++E + G +L+R S +VL+ S+T HF++ + V
Sbjct: 8 AWFHGFITRREAERLLEPKPQGCYLVRFSESAV-TFVLTYRSRTCCRHFLLAQLRDGRHV 66
Query: 84 VIQPDTVYERVQ 95
V+ D+ + R+Q
Sbjct: 67 VLGEDSAHARLQ 78
>gnl|CDD|198230 cd10367, SH2_Src_Fgr, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in
Gardner-Rasheed feline sarcoma viral (v-fgr) oncogene
homolog, Fgr. Fgr is a member of the Src non-receptor
type tyrosine kinase family of proteins. The protein
contains N-terminal sites for myristoylation and
palmitoylation, a PTK domain, and SH2 and SH3 domains
which are involved in mediating protein-protein
interactions with phosphotyrosine-containing and
proline-rich motifs, respectively. Fgr is expressed in
B-cells and myeloid cells, localizes to plasma membrane
ruffles, and functions as a negative regulator of cell
migration and adhesion triggered by the beta-2 integrin
signal transduction pathway. Multiple alternatively
spliced variants, encoding the same protein, have been
identified Fgr has been shown to interact with
Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein. Fgr has a unique
N-terminal domain, an SH3 domain, an SH2 domain, a
kinase domain and a regulatory tail, as do the other
members of the family. In general SH2 domains are
involved in signal transduction. They typically bind
pTyr-containing ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr
and hydrophobic binding pocket, allowing proteins with
SH2 domains to localize to tyrosine phosphorylated
sites.
Length = 101
Score = 35.7 bits (82), Expect = 0.003
Identities = 27/95 (28%), Positives = 44/95 (46%), Gaps = 16/95 (16%)
Query: 29 RSHAWYHGAIPRSRAEEIIENEGD----FLIRDCTSQPGNYVLSC----MSKTQYL-HFV 79
++ WY G I R AE + + G+ FLIR+ + G Y LS ++ ++ H+
Sbjct: 1 QAEEWYFGKIGRKDAERQLLSPGNPRGAFLIRESETTKGAYSLSIRDWDQNRGDHVKHYK 60
Query: 80 INKVVIQPDTVYERVQFQFEDDLFDTVPDLITFYV 114
I K+ + R Q FDTV +L+ Y+
Sbjct: 61 IRKLDTGGYYITTRAQ-------FDTVQELVQHYM 88
>gnl|CDD|198273 cd10410, SH2_SH2B1, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in SH2B
adapter proteins (SH2B1, SH2B2, SH2B3). SH2B1 (SH2-B,
PSM), like other members of the SH2B adapter protein
family, contains a pleckstrin homology domain, at least
one dimerization domain, and a C-terminal SH2 domain
which binds to phosphorylated tyrosines in a variety of
tyrosine kinases. SH2B1 and SH2B2 function in
signaling pathways found downstream of growth hormone
receptor and receptor tyrosine kinases, including the
insulin, insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I),
platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), nerve growth
factor, hepatocyte growth factor, and fibroblast growth
factor receptors. SH2B2beta, a new isoform of SH2B2, is
an endogenous inhibitor of SH2B1 and/or SH2B2
(SH2B2alpha), negatively regulating insulin signaling
and/or JAK2-mediated cellular responses. In general SH2
domains are involved in signal transduction. They
typically bind pTyr-containing ligands via two surface
pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic binding pocket,
allowing proteins with SH2 domains to localize to
tyrosine phosphorylated sites.
Length = 97
Score = 34.6 bits (79), Expect = 0.006
Identities = 17/62 (27%), Positives = 33/62 (53%), Gaps = 7/62 (11%)
Query: 28 LRSHAWYHGAIPRSRAEEII-----ENEGDFLIRDCTSQPGNYVLS--CMSKTQYLHFVI 80
L + W+HG + R +A +++ + G FL+R ++ G YVL+ K ++L +
Sbjct: 5 LSGYPWFHGMLSRLKAAQLVLEGGTGSHGVFLVRQSETRRGEYVLTFNFQGKAKHLRLSL 64
Query: 81 NK 82
N+
Sbjct: 65 NE 66
>gnl|CDD|198263 cd10400, SH2_SAP1a, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in
SLAM-associated protein (SAP) 1a. The X-linked
lymphoproliferative syndrome (XLP) gene encodes SAP
(also called SH2D1A/DSHP) a protein that consists of a
5 residue N-terminus, a single SH2 domain, and a short
25 residue C-terminal tail. XLP is characterized by an
extreme sensitivity to Epstein-Barr virus. Both T and
natural killer (NK) cell dysfunctions have been seen in
XLP patients. SAP binds the cytoplasmic tail of
Signaling lymphocytic activation molecule (SLAM), 2B4,
Ly-9, and CD84. SAP is believed to function as a
signaling inhibitor, by blocking or regulating binding
of other signaling proteins. SAP and the SAP-like
protein EAT-2 recognize the sequence motif TIpYXX[VI],
which is found in the cytoplasmic domains of a
restricted number of T, B, and NK cell surface
receptors and are proposed to be natural inhibitors or
regulators of the physiological role of a small family
of receptors on the surface of these cells. In general
SH2 domains are involved in signal transduction. They
typically bind pTyr-containing ligands via two surface
pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic binding pocket,
allowing proteins with SH2 domains to localize to
tyrosine phosphorylated sites.
Length = 103
Score = 34.4 bits (79), Expect = 0.006
Identities = 16/42 (38%), Positives = 23/42 (54%), Gaps = 3/42 (7%)
Query: 34 YHGAIPRSRAEEIIEN---EGDFLIRDCTSQPGNYVLSCMSK 72
YHG I R E+++ +G +L+RD S PG Y L + K
Sbjct: 6 YHGKISRETGEKLLLAAGLDGSYLLRDSESVPGVYCLCVLYK 47
>gnl|CDD|198250 cd10387, SH2_SOCS6, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in
suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins. SH2
domain found in SOCS proteins. SOCS was first
recognized as a group of cytokine-inducible SH2 (CIS)
domain proteins comprising eight family members in
human (CIS and SOCS1-SOCS7). In addition to the SH2
domain, SOCS proteins have a variable N-terminal domain
and a conserved SOCS box in the C-terminal domain. SOCS
proteins bind to a substrate via their SH2 domain. The
prototypical members, CIS and SOCS1-SOCS3, have been
shown to regulate growth hormone signaling in vitro and
in a classic negative feedback response compete for
binding at phosphotyrosine sites in JAK kinase and
receptor pathways to displace effector proteins and
target bound receptors for proteasomal degradation.
Loss of SOCS activity results in excessive cytokine
signaling associated with a variety of hematopoietic,
autoimmune, and inflammatory diseases and certain
cancers. Members (SOCS4-SOCS7) were identified by their
conserved SOCS box, an adapter motif of 3 helices that
associates substrate binding domains, such as the SOCS
SH2 domain, ankryin, and WD40 with ubiquitin ligase
components. These show limited cytokine induction. In
general SH2 domains are involved in signal
transduction. They typically bind pTyr-containing
ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic
binding pocket, allowing proteins with SH2 domains to
localize to tyrosine phosphorylated sites.
Length = 100
Score = 34.4 bits (79), Expect = 0.008
Identities = 21/61 (34%), Positives = 26/61 (42%), Gaps = 6/61 (9%)
Query: 19 WELSLDNRDLRSHAWYHGAIPRSRAEEIIENE--GDFLIRDCTSQPGNYVLSCMSKTQYL 76
EL + L WY G I R AE + N G FL+RD + LS S + L
Sbjct: 2 EEL----KKLAKQGWYWGPITRWEAEGKLANVPDGSFLVRDSSDDRYLLSLSFRSHGKTL 57
Query: 77 H 77
H
Sbjct: 58 H 58
>gnl|CDD|198285 cd10718, SH2_CIS, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in
cytokine-inducible SH2-containing protein (CIS). CIS
family members are known to be cytokine-inducible
negative regulators of cytokine signaling. The
expression of the CIS gene can be induced by IL2, IL3,
GM-CSF and EPO in hematopoietic cells.
Proteasome-mediated degradation of this protein has
been shown to be involved in the inactivation of the
erythropoietin receptor. Suppressor of cytokine
signalling (SOCS) was first recognized as a group of
cytokine-inducible SH2 (CIS) domain proteins comprising
eight family members in human (CIS and SOCS1-SOCS7).
In addition to the SH2 domain, SOCS proteins have a
variable N-terminal domain and a conserved SOCS box in
the C-terminal domain. SOCS proteins bind to a
substrate via their SH2 domain. The prototypical
members, CIS and SOCS1-SOCS3, have been shown to
regulate growth hormone signaling in vitro and in a
classic negative feedback response compete for binding
at phosphotyrosine sites in JAK kinase and receptor
pathways to displace effector proteins and target bound
receptors for proteasomal degradation. Loss of SOCS
activity results in excessive cytokine signaling
associated with a variety of hematopoietic, autoimmune,
and inflammatory diseases and certain cancers. In
general SH2 domains are involved in signal
transduction. They typically bind pTyr-containing
ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic
binding pocket, allowing proteins with SH2 domains to
localize to tyrosine phosphorylated sites.
Length = 88
Score = 33.2 bits (76), Expect = 0.014
Identities = 20/48 (41%), Positives = 29/48 (60%), Gaps = 4/48 (8%)
Query: 28 LRSHAWYHGAIPRSRAEEIIEN--EGDFLIRDCTSQPGNYVLSCMSKT 73
LR WY G+I S A + ++ EG FL+RD +S P +Y+L+ KT
Sbjct: 1 LRESGWYWGSITASEAHQALQKAPEGTFLVRD-SSHP-SYMLTLSVKT 46
>gnl|CDD|198203 cd10340, SH2_N-SH2_SHP_like, N-terminal Src homology 2 (N-SH2)
domain found in SH2 domain Phosphatases (SHP) proteins.
The SH2 domain phosphatases (SHP-1, SHP-2/Syp,
Drosophila corkscrew (csw), and Caenorhabditis elegans
Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase (Ptp-2)) are cytoplasmic
signaling enzymes. They are both targeted and regulated
by interactions of their SH2 domains with
phosphotyrosine docking sites. These proteins contain
two SH2 domains (N-SH2, C-SH2) followed by a tyrosine
phosphatase (PTP) domain, and a C-terminal extension.
Shp1 and Shp2 have two tyrosyl phosphorylation sites in
their C-tails, which are phosphorylated differentially
by receptor and nonreceptor PTKs. Csw retains the
proximal tyrosine and Ptp-2 lacks both sites.
Shp-binding proteins include receptors, scaffolding
adapters, and inhibitory receptors. Some of these bind
both Shp1 and Shp2 while others bind only one. Most
proteins that bind a Shp SH2 domain contain one or more
immuno-receptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs
(ITIMs): [IVL]xpYxx[IVL]. Shp1 N-SH2 domain blocks the
catalytic domain and keeps the enzyme in the inactive
conformation, and is thus believed to regulate the
phosphatase activity of SHP-1. Its C-SH2 domain is
thought to be involved in searching for phosphotyrosine
activators. The SHP2 N-SH2 domain is a conformational
switch; it either binds and inhibits the phosphatase, or
it binds phosphoproteins and activates the enzyme. The
C-SH2 domain contributes binding energy and specificity,
but it does not have a direct role in activation. Csw
SH2 domain function is essential, but either SH2 domain
can fulfill this requirement. The role of the csw SH2
domains during Sevenless receptor tyrosine kinase (SEV)
signaling is to bind Daughter of Sevenless rather than
activated SEV. Ptp-2 acts in oocytes downstream of
sheath/oocyte gap junctions to promote major sperm
protein (MSP)-induced MAP Kinase (MPK-1)
phosphorylation. Ptp-2 functions in the oocyte
cytoplasm, not at the cell surface to inhibit multiple
RasGAPs, resulting in sustained Ras activation. It is
thought that MSP triggers PTP-2/Ras activation and ROS
production to stimulate MPK-1 activity essential for
oocyte maturation and that secreted MSP domains and
Cu/Zn superoxide dismutases function antagonistically to
control ROS and MAPK signaling. In general SH2 domains
are involved in signal transduction. They typically bind
pTyr-containing ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr
and hydrophobic binding pocket, allowing proteins with
SH2 domains to localize to tyrosine phosphorylated
sites.
Length = 99
Score = 33.5 bits (77), Expect = 0.015
Identities = 21/92 (22%), Positives = 33/92 (35%), Gaps = 25/92 (27%)
Query: 33 WYHGAIPRSRAEEIIENE---GDFLIRDCTSQPGNYVLSCMSKTQYLHFVINKVVIQPDT 89
W+H I AE +++ G FL R S PG++ LS + H I
Sbjct: 2 WFHPVISGIEAENLLKTRGVDGSFLARPSKSNPGDFTLSVRRGDEVTHIKIQN------- 54
Query: 90 VYERVQFQFEDDL-------FDTVPDLITFYV 114
D F T+ +L+ +Y+
Sbjct: 55 --------TGDYYDLYGGEKFATLSELVQYYM 78
>gnl|CDD|198229 cd10366, SH2_Src_Yes, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in Yes.
Yes is a member of the Src non-receptor type tyrosine
kinase family of proteins. Yes is the cellular homolog
of the Yamaguchi sarcoma virus oncogene. In humans it is
encoded by the YES1 gene which maps to chromosome 18 and
is in close proximity to thymidylate synthase. A
corresponding Yes pseudogene has been found on
chromosome 22. YES1 has been shown to interact with
Janus kinase 2, CTNND1,RPL10, and Occludin. Yes1 has a
unique N-terminal domain, an SH3 domain, an SH2 domain,
a kinase domain and a regulatory tail, as do the other
members of the family. In general SH2 domains are
involved in signal transduction. They typically bind
pTyr-containing ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr
and hydrophobic binding pocket, allowing proteins with
SH2 domains to localize to tyrosine phosphorylated
sites.
Length = 101
Score = 32.3 bits (73), Expect = 0.039
Identities = 25/94 (26%), Positives = 40/94 (42%), Gaps = 16/94 (17%)
Query: 29 RSHAWYHGAIPRSRAEEIIENEGD----FLIRDCTSQPGNYVLSC-----MSKTQYLHFV 79
++ WY G + R AE ++ N G+ FL+R+ + G Y LS + H+
Sbjct: 1 QAEEWYFGKMGRKDAERLLLNPGNQRGIFLVRESETTKGAYSLSIRDWDEVRGDNVKHYK 60
Query: 80 INKVVIQPDTVYERVQFQFEDDLFDTVPDLITFY 113
I K+ + R Q FDT+ L+ Y
Sbjct: 61 IRKLDNGGYYITTRAQ-------FDTLQKLVKHY 87
>gnl|CDD|198228 cd10365, SH2_Src_Src, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in
tyrosine kinase sarcoma (Src). Src is a member of the
Src non-receptor type tyrosine kinase family of
proteins. Src is thought to play a role in the
regulation of embryonic development and cell growth.
Members here include v-Src and c-Src. v-Src lacks the
C-terminal inhibitory phosphorylation site and is
therefore constitutively active as opposed to normal
cellular src (c-Src) which is only activated under
certain circumstances where it is required (e.g. growth
factor signaling). v-Src is an oncogene whereas c-Src
is a proto-oncogene. c-Src consists of three domains,
an N-terminal SH3 domain, a central SH2 domain and a
tyrosine kinase domain. The SH2 and SH3 domains work
together in the auto-inhibition of the kinase domain.
The phosphorylation of an inhibitory tyrosine near the
c-terminus of the protein produces a binding site for
the SH2 domain which then facilitates binding of the
SH3 domain to a polyproline site within the linker
between the SH2 domain and the kinase domain. Binding
of the SH3 domain inactivates the enzyme. This allows
for multiple mechanisms for c-Src activation:
dephosphorylation of the C-terminal tyrosine by a
protein tyrosine phosphatase, binding of the SH2 domain
by a competitive phospho-tyrosine residue, or
competitive binding of a polyproline binding site to
the SH3 domain. Unlike most other Src members Src
lacks cysteine residues in the SH4 domain that undergo
palmitylation. Serine and threonine phosphorylation
sites have also been identified in the unique domains
of Src and are believed to modulate protein-protein
interactions or regulate catalytic activity.
Alternatively spliced forms of Src, which contain 6- or
11-amino acid insertions in the SH3 domain, are
expressed in CNS neurons. c-Src has a unique N-terminal
domain, an SH3 domain, an SH2 domain, a kinase domain
and a regulatory tail, as do the other members of the
family. In general SH2 domains are involved in signal
transduction. They typically bind pTyr-containing
ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic
binding pocket, allowing proteins with SH2 domains to
localize to tyrosine phosphorylated sites.
Length = 101
Score = 31.9 bits (72), Expect = 0.047
Identities = 15/44 (34%), Positives = 23/44 (52%), Gaps = 4/44 (9%)
Query: 29 RSHAWYHGAIPRSRAEEIIEN----EGDFLIRDCTSQPGNYVLS 68
++ WY G I R +E ++ N G FL+R+ + G Y LS
Sbjct: 1 QAEEWYFGKITRRESERLLLNAENPRGTFLVRESETTKGAYCLS 44
>gnl|CDD|198251 cd10388, SH2_SOCS7, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in
suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins. SH2
domain found in SOCS proteins. SOCS was first
recognized as a group of cytokine-inducible SH2 (CIS)
domain proteins comprising eight family members in
human (CIS and SOCS1-SOCS7). In addition to the SH2
domain, SOCS proteins have a variable N-terminal domain
and a conserved SOCS box in the C-terminal domain. SOCS
proteins bind to a substrate via their SH2 domain. The
prototypical members, CIS and SOCS1-SOCS3, have been
shown to regulate growth hormone signaling in vitro and
in a classic negative feedback response compete for
binding at phosphotyrosine sites in JAK kinase and
receptor pathways to displace effector proteins and
target bound receptors for proteasomal degradation.
Loss of SOCS activity results in excessive cytokine
signaling associated with a variety of hematopoietic,
autoimmune, and inflammatory diseases and certain
cancers. Members (SOCS4-SOCS7) were identified by their
conserved SOCS box, an adapter motif of 3 helices that
associates substrate binding domains, such as the SOCS
SH2 domain, ankryin, and WD40 with ubiquitin ligase
components. These show limited cytokine induction. In
general SH2 domains are involved in signal
transduction. They typically bind pTyr-containing
ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic
binding pocket, allowing proteins with SH2 domains to
localize to tyrosine phosphorylated sites.
Length = 101
Score = 31.9 bits (73), Expect = 0.057
Identities = 17/51 (33%), Positives = 28/51 (54%), Gaps = 4/51 (7%)
Query: 26 RDLRSHAWYHGAIPRSRAEEIIENE--GDFLIRDCTSQPGNYVLSCMSKTQ 74
R+L+ WY G + AE+++ N+ G FL+RD S Y+ S ++Q
Sbjct: 5 RELKDCGWYWGPMSWEDAEKVLSNKPDGSFLVRD--SSDDRYIFSLSFRSQ 53
>gnl|CDD|198221 cd10358, SH2_PTK6_Brk, Src homology 2 domain found in
protein-tyrosine kinase-6 (PTK6) which is also known as
breast tumor kinase (Brk). Human protein-tyrosine
kinase-6 (PTK6, also known as breast tumor kinase
(Brk)) is a member of the non-receptor protein-tyrosine
kinase family and is expressed in two-thirds of all
breast tumors. PTK6 (9). PTK6 contains a SH3 domain, a
SH2 domain, and catalytic domains. For the case of the
non-receptor protein-tyrosine kinases, the SH2 domain
is typically involved in negative regulation of kinase
activity by binding to a phosphorylated tyrosine
residue near to the C terminus. The C-terminal sequence
of PTK6 (PTSpYENPT where pY is phosphotyrosine) is
thought to be a self-ligand for the SH2 domain. The
structure of the SH2 domain resembles other SH2 domains
except for a centrally located four-stranded
antiparallel beta-sheet (strands betaA, betaB, betaC,
and betaD). There are also differences in the loop
length which might be responsible for PTK6 ligand
specificity. There are two possible means of regulation
of PTK6: autoinhibitory with the phosphorylation of Tyr
playing a role in its negative regulation and
autophosphorylation at this site, though it has been
shown that PTK6 might phosphorylate signal
transduction-associated proteins Sam68 and signal
transducing adaptor family member 2 (STAP/BKS) in vivo.
In general SH2 domains are involved in signal
transduction. They typically bind pTyr-containing
ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic
binding pocket, allowing proteins with SH2 domains to
localize to tyrosine phosphorylated sites.
Length = 100
Score = 31.3 bits (70), Expect = 0.094
Identities = 20/58 (34%), Positives = 28/58 (48%), Gaps = 6/58 (10%)
Query: 30 SHAWYHGAIPRSRAEEIIENE----GDFLIRDCTSQPG-NYVLSCMSKTQYLHFVINK 82
S W+ G I RS A ++ E G FLIR + +P +YVLS H+ I +
Sbjct: 1 SEPWFFGCISRSEAVRRLQAEGNATGAFLIR-VSEKPSADYVLSVRDTQAVRHYKIWR 57
>gnl|CDD|198270 cd10407, SH2_Vav3, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in the Vav3
proteins. Proto-oncogene vav is a member of the Dbl
family of guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEF) for
the Rho family of GTP binding proteins. All vavs are
activated by tyrosine phosphorylation leading to their
activation. There are three Vav mammalian family
members: Vav1 which is expressed in the hematopoietic
system, and Vav2 and Vav3 are more ubiquitously
expressed. Vav3 preferentially activates RhoA, RhoG
and, to a lesser extent, Rac1. Alternatively spliced
transcript variants encoding different isoforms have
been described for this gene. VAV3 has been shown to
interact with Grb2. Vav proteins are involved in
several processes that require cytoskeletal
reorganization, such as the formation of the
immunological synapse (IS), phagocytosis, platelet
aggregation, spreading, and transformation. Vavs
function as guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs)
for the Rho/Rac family of GTPases. Vav family members
have several conserved motifs/domains including: a
leucine-rich region, a leucine-zipper, a calponin
homology (CH) domain, an acidic domain, a Dbl-homology
(DH) domain, a pleckstrin homology (PH) domain, a
cysteine-rich domain, 2 SH3 domains, a proline-rich
region, and a SH2 domain. Vavs are the only known Rho
GEFs that have both the DH/PH motifs and SH2/SH3
domains in the same protein. The leucine-rich
helix-loop-helix (HLH) domain is thought to be involved
in protein heterodimerization with other HLH proteins
and it may function as a negative regulator by forming
inactive heterodimers. The CH domain is usually
involved in the association with filamentous actin, but
in Vav it controls NFAT stimulation, Ca2+ mobilization,
and its transforming activity. Acidic domains are
involved in protein-protein interactions and contain
regulatory tyrosines. The DH domain is a GDP-GTP
exchange factor on Rho/Rac GTPases. The PH domain in
involved in interactions with GTP-binding proteins,
lipids and/or phosphorylated serine/threonine residues.
The SH3 domain is involved in localization of proteins
to specific sites within the cell interacting with
protein with proline-rich sequences. The SH2 domain
mediates a high affinity interaction with tyrosine
phosphorylated proteins. In general SH2 domains are
involved in signal transduction. They typically bind
pTyr-containing ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr
and hydrophobic binding pocket, allowing proteins with
SH2 domains to localize to tyrosine phosphorylated
sites.
Length = 103
Score = 30.7 bits (69), Expect = 0.15
Identities = 18/56 (32%), Positives = 26/56 (46%), Gaps = 2/56 (3%)
Query: 27 DLRSHAWYHGAIPRSRAE-EIIENEGD-FLIRDCTSQPGNYVLSCMSKTQYLHFVI 80
D WY GA+ R +AE E+I +L+R T + G Y +S + H I
Sbjct: 1 DYSCQPWYAGAMERLQAETELINRVNSTYLVRHRTKESGEYAISIKYNNEVKHIKI 56
>gnl|CDD|218864 pfam06032, DUF917, Protein of unknown function (DUF917). This
family consists of hypothetical bacterial and archaeal
proteins of unknown function.
Length = 349
Score = 31.8 bits (73), Expect = 0.19
Identities = 16/49 (32%), Positives = 24/49 (48%), Gaps = 8/49 (16%)
Query: 113 YVVIQPDTVYERVQFQFEDDLFD-------TVPDLIT-FYVGSGKPISS 153
V I+ + FQ E+ L + TVPDLIT +G+PI++
Sbjct: 257 EVTIEGLGRTLTIPFQNENLLAERNGEVLATVPDLITLLDAETGEPITT 305
Score = 29.5 bits (67), Expect = 1.2
Identities = 14/41 (34%), Positives = 20/41 (48%), Gaps = 7/41 (17%)
Query: 78 FVINKVVIQPDTVYERVQFQFEDDLFD-------TVPDLIT 111
F + +V I+ + FQ E+ L + TVPDLIT
Sbjct: 253 FDVGEVTIEGLGRTLTIPFQNENLLAERNGEVLATVPDLIT 293
>gnl|CDD|198205 cd10342, SH2_SAP1, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in
SLAM-associated protein (SAP)1. The X-linked
lymphoproliferative syndrome (XLP) gene encodes SAP
(also called SH2D1A/DSHP) a protein that consists of a
5 residue N-terminus, a single SH2 domain, and a short
25 residue C-terminal tail. XLP is characterized by an
extreme sensitivity to Epstein-Barr virus. Both T and
natural killer (NK) cell dysfunctions have been seen in
XLP patients. SAP binds the cytoplasmic tail of
Signaling lymphocytic activation molecule (SLAM), 2B4,
Ly-9, and CD84. SAP is believed to function as a
signaling inhibitor, by blocking or regulating binding
of other signaling proteins. SAP and the SAP-like
protein EAT-2 recognize the sequence motif TIpYXX[VI],
which is found in the cytoplasmic domains of a
restricted number of T, B, and NK cell surface
receptors and are proposed to be natural inhibitors or
regulators of the physiological role of a small family
of receptors on the surface of these cells. In general
SH2 domains are involved in signal transduction. They
typically bind pTyr-containing ligands via two surface
pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic binding pocket,
allowing proteins with SH2 domains to localize to
tyrosine phosphorylated sites.
Length = 103
Score = 30.4 bits (68), Expect = 0.20
Identities = 16/42 (38%), Positives = 23/42 (54%), Gaps = 4/42 (9%)
Query: 33 WYHGAIPRSRAEEIIEN---EGDFLIRDCTSQPGNYVLSCMS 71
YHG I R E+++ +G +L+RD S PG Y L C+
Sbjct: 5 VYHGKISRETGEKLLLATGLDGSYLLRDSESVPGVYCL-CVL 45
>gnl|CDD|198181 cd09927, SH2_Tensin_like, Src homology 2 domain found in
Tensin-like proteins. SH2 domain found in Tensin-like
proteins. The Tensins are a family of intracellular
proteins that interact with receptor tyrosine kinases
(RTKs), integrins, and actin. They are thought act as
signaling bridges between the extracellular space and
the cytoskeleton. There are four homologues: Tensin1,
Tensin2 (TENC1, C1-TEN), Tensin3 and Tensin4 (cten),
all of which contain a C-terminal tandem SH2-PTB domain
pairing, as well as actin-binding regions that may
localize them to focal adhesions. The isoforms of
Tensin2 and Tensin3 contain N-terminal C1 domains,
which are atypical and not expected to bind to phorbol
esters. Tensins 1-3 contain a phosphatase (PTPase) and
C2 domain pairing which resembles PTEN (phosphatase and
tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10) protein.
PTEN is a lipid phosphatase that dephosphorylates
phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate
(PtdIns(3,4,5)P3) to yield phosphatidylinositol
4,5-bisphosphate (PtdIns(4,5)P2). As PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 is
the product of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)
activity, PTEN is therefore a key negative regulator of
the PI3K pathway. Because of their PTEN-like domains,
the Tensins may also possess phosphoinositide-binding
or phosphatase capabilities. However, only Tensin2 and
Tensin3 have the potential to be phosphatases since
only their PTPase domains contain a cysteine residue
that is essential for catalytic activity. In general
SH2 domains are involved in signal transduction. They
typically bind pTyr-containing ligands via two surface
pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic binding pocket,
allowing proteins with SH2 domains to localize to
tyrosine phosphorylated sites.
Length = 116
Score = 30.1 bits (68), Expect = 0.32
Identities = 15/40 (37%), Positives = 23/40 (57%), Gaps = 2/40 (5%)
Query: 30 SHAWYHGAIPRSRAEEIIENE--GDFLIRDCTSQPGNYVL 67
S WY I R +A +++++ G FL+RD T+ G Y L
Sbjct: 2 SKYWYKPNISRDQAIALLKDKPPGTFLVRDSTTYKGAYGL 41
>gnl|CDD|198231 cd10368, SH2_Src_Fyn, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in Fyn.
Fyn is a member of the Src non-receptor type tyrosine
kinase family of proteins. Fyn is involved in the
control of cell growth and is required in the following
pathways: T and B cell receptor signaling,
integrin-mediated signaling, growth factor and cytokine
receptor signaling, platelet activation, ion channel
function, cell adhesion, axon guidance, fertilization,
entry into mitosis, and differentiation of natural
killer cells, oligodendrocytes and keratinocytes. The
protein associates with the p85 subunit of
phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and interacts with the
Fyn-binding protein. Alternatively spliced transcript
variants encoding distinct isoforms exist. Fyn is
primarily localized to the cytoplasmic leaflet of the
plasma membrane. Tyrosine phosphorylation of target
proteins by Fyn serves to either regulate target
protein activity, and/or to generate a binding site on
the target protein that recruits other signaling
molecules. FYN has been shown to interact with a number
of proteins including: BCAR1, Cbl, Janus kinase,
nephrin, Sky, tyrosine kinase, Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
protein, and Zap-70. Fyn has a unique N-terminal
domain, an SH3 domain, an SH2 domain, a kinase domain
and a regulatory tail, as do the other members of the
family. In general SH2 domains are involved in signal
transduction. They typically bind pTyr-containing
ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic
binding pocket, allowing proteins with SH2 domains to
localize to tyrosine phosphorylated sites.
Length = 101
Score = 29.6 bits (66), Expect = 0.36
Identities = 22/74 (29%), Positives = 31/74 (41%), Gaps = 9/74 (12%)
Query: 33 WYHGAIPRSRAEEIIEN----EGDFLIRDCTSQPGNYVLSC-----MSKTQYLHFVINKV 83
WY G + R AE + + G FLIR+ + G Y LS M H+ I K+
Sbjct: 5 WYFGKLGRKDAERQLLSFGNPRGTFLIRESETTKGAYSLSIRDWDDMKGDHVKHYKIRKL 64
Query: 84 VIQPDTVYERVQFQ 97
+ R QF+
Sbjct: 65 DNGGYYITTRAQFE 78
>gnl|CDD|198282 cd10419, SH2_Src_Fyn_isoform_b_like, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain
found in Fyn isoform b like proteins. Fyn is a member
of the Src non-receptor type tyrosine kinase family of
proteins. This cd contains the SH2 domain found in Fyn
isoform b type proteins. Fyn is involved in the control
of cell growth and is required in the following
pathways: T and B cell receptor signaling,
integrin-mediated signaling, growth factor and cytokine
receptor signaling, platelet activation, ion channel
function, cell adhesion, axon guidance, fertilization,
entry into mitosis, and differentiation of natural
killer cells, oligodendrocytes and keratinocytes. The
protein associates with the p85 subunit of
phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and interacts with the
Fyn-binding protein. Alternatively spliced transcript
variants encoding distinct isoforms exist. Fyn is
primarily localized to the cytoplasmic leaflet of the
plasma membrane. Tyrosine phosphorylation of target
proteins by Fyn serves to either regulate target
protein activity, and/or to generate a binding site on
the target protein that recruits other signaling
molecules. FYN has been shown to interact with a number
of proteins including: BCAR1, Cbl, Janus kinase,
nephrin, Sky, tyrosine kinase, Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
protein, and Zap-70. Fyn has a unique N-terminal
domain, an SH3 domain, an SH2 domain, a kinase domain
and a regulatory tail, as do the other members of the
family. In general SH2 domains are involved in signal
transduction. They typically bind pTyr-containing
ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic
binding pocket, allowing proteins with SH2 domains to
localize to tyrosine phosphorylated sites.
Length = 101
Score = 29.6 bits (66), Expect = 0.40
Identities = 22/74 (29%), Positives = 31/74 (41%), Gaps = 9/74 (12%)
Query: 33 WYHGAIPRSRAEEIIEN----EGDFLIRDCTSQPGNYVLSC-----MSKTQYLHFVINKV 83
WY G + R AE + + G FLIR+ + G Y LS M H+ I K+
Sbjct: 5 WYFGKLGRKDAERQLLSFGNPRGTFLIRESETTKGAYSLSIRDWDDMKGDHVKHYKIRKL 64
Query: 84 VIQPDTVYERVQFQ 97
+ R QF+
Sbjct: 65 DNGGYYITTRAQFE 78
>gnl|CDD|198281 cd10418, SH2_Src_Fyn_isoform_a_like, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain
found in Fyn isoform a like proteins. Fyn is a member
of the Src non-receptor type tyrosine kinase family of
proteins. This cd contains the SH2 domain found in Fyn
isoform a type proteins. Fyn is involved in the control
of cell growth and is required in the following
pathways: T and B cell receptor signaling,
integrin-mediated signaling, growth factor and cytokine
receptor signaling, platelet activation, ion channel
function, cell adhesion, axon guidance, fertilization,
entry into mitosis, and differentiation of natural
killer cells, oligodendrocytes and keratinocytes. The
protein associates with the p85 subunit of
phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and interacts with the
Fyn-binding protein. Alternatively spliced transcript
variants encoding distinct isoforms exist. Fyn is
primarily localized to the cytoplasmic leaflet of the
plasma membrane. Tyrosine phosphorylation of target
proteins by Fyn serves to either regulate target protein
activity, and/or to generate a binding site on the
target protein that recruits other signaling molecules.
FYN has been shown to interact with a number of proteins
including: BCAR1, Cbl, Janus kinase, nephrin, Sky,
tyrosine kinase, Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein, and
Zap-70. Fyn has a unique N-terminal domain, an SH3
domain, an SH2 domain, a kinase domain and a regulatory
tail, as do the other members of the family. In general
SH2 domains are involved in signal transduction. They
typically bind pTyr-containing ligands via two surface
pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic binding pocket, allowing
proteins with SH2 domains to localize to tyrosine
phosphorylated sites.
Length = 101
Score = 29.2 bits (65), Expect = 0.44
Identities = 25/90 (27%), Positives = 37/90 (41%), Gaps = 16/90 (17%)
Query: 33 WYHGAIPRSRAEEIIENEGD----FLIRDCTSQPGNYVLSC-----MSKTQYLHFVINKV 83
WY G + R AE + + G+ FLIR+ + G Y LS M H+ I K+
Sbjct: 5 WYFGKLGRKDAERQLLSFGNPRGTFLIRESETTKGAYSLSIRDWDDMKGDHVKHYKIRKL 64
Query: 84 VIQPDTVYERVQFQFEDDLFDTVPDLITFY 113
+ R Q F+T+ L+ Y
Sbjct: 65 DNGGYYITTRAQ-------FETLQQLVQHY 87
>gnl|CDD|235885 PRK06918, PRK06918, 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase; Reviewed.
Length = 451
Score = 30.6 bits (69), Expect = 0.57
Identities = 31/110 (28%), Positives = 50/110 (45%), Gaps = 21/110 (19%)
Query: 70 MSKTQYLHFVINK------VVIQPDT----VYERVQ----F-----QFEDDLFDTVPDLI 110
+++ QY F+I + + P+T V E VQ F +F ++ + +
Sbjct: 194 LTEEQYDDFMIEEFKNFFISEVAPETIAAVVMEPVQGEGGFIVPSKKFVQEVRNICSEHG 253
Query: 111 TFYVVIQPDTVYERVQFQFEDDLFDTVPDLITF--YVGSGKPISSLSGAK 158
+V + T + R F + FD VPDLIT +G+G PIS + G K
Sbjct: 254 ILFVADEIQTGFARTGKYFAIEHFDVVPDLITVSKSLGAGVPISGVIGRK 303
>gnl|CDD|198220 cd10357, SH2_ShkD_ShkE, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in SH2
domain-bearing protein kinases D and E (ShkD and ShkE).
SH2-bearing genes cloned from Dictyostelium include
two transcription factors, STATa and STATc, and a
signaling factor, SHK1 (shkA). A database search of the
Dictyostelium discoideum genome revealed two additional
putative STAT sequences, dd-STATb and dd-STATd, and
four additional putative SHK genes, dd-SHK2 (shkB),
dd-SHK3 (shkC), dd-SHK4 (shkD), and dd-SHK5 (shkE).
This model contains members of shkD and shkE. All of
the SHK members are most closely related to the protein
kinases found in plants. However these kinases in
plants are not conjugated to any SH2 or SH2-like
sequences. Alignment data indicates that the SHK SH2
domains carry some features of the STAT SH2 domains in
Dictyostelium. When STATc's linker domain was used for
a BLAST search, the sequence between the protein kinase
domain and the SH2 domain (the linker) of SHK was
recovered, suggesting a close relationship among these
molecules within this region. SHK's linker domain is
predicted to contain an alpha-helix which is indeed
homologous to that of STAT. Based on the phylogenetic
alignment, SH2 domains can be grouped into two
categories, STAT-type and Src-type. SHK family members
are in between, but are closer to the STAT-type which
indicates a close relationship between SHK and STAT
families in their SH2 domains and further supports the
notion that SHKs linker-SH2 domain evolved from STAT or
STATL (STAT-like Linker-SH2) domain found in plants. In
SHK, STAT, and SPT6, the linker-SH2 domains all reside
exclusively in the C-terminal regions. In general SH2
domains are involved in signal transduction. They
typically bind pTyr-containing ligands via two surface
pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic binding pocket,
allowing proteins with SH2 domains to localize to
tyrosine phosphorylated sites.
Length = 87
Score = 28.2 bits (63), Expect = 0.96
Identities = 14/32 (43%), Positives = 19/32 (59%), Gaps = 2/32 (6%)
Query: 33 WYHGAIPRSRAEEIIEN--EGDFLIRDCTSQP 62
W+HG I R AE+ + EG FLIR ++ P
Sbjct: 12 WFHGDISRDEAEKRLRGRPEGTFLIRLSSTDP 43
>gnl|CDD|224126 COG1205, COG1205, Distinct helicase family with a unique C-terminal
domain including a metal-binding cysteine cluster
[General function prediction only].
Length = 851
Score = 28.9 bits (65), Expect = 1.6
Identities = 8/22 (36%), Positives = 9/22 (40%)
Query: 34 YHGAIPRSRAEEIIENEGDFLI 55
Y G P II N D L+
Sbjct: 151 YTGDTPPEERRAIIRNPPDILL 172
>gnl|CDD|198225 cd10362, SH2_Src_Lck, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain in lymphocyte
cell kinase (Lck). Lck is a member of the Src
non-receptor type tyrosine kinase family of proteins.
It is expressed in the brain, T-cells, and NK cells.
The unique domain of Lck mediates its interaction with
two T-cell surface molecules, CD4 and CD8. It
associates with their cytoplasmic tails on CD4 T helper
cells and CD8 cytotoxic T cells to assist signaling
from the T cell receptor (TCR) complex. When the T cell
receptor is engaged by the specific antigen presented
by MHC, Lck phosphorylase the intracellular chains of
the CD3 and zeta-chains of the TCR complex, allowing
ZAP-70 to bind them. Lck then phosphorylates and
activates ZAP-70, which in turn phosphorylates Linker
of Activated T cells (LAT), a transmembrane protein
that serves as a docking site for proteins including:
Shc-Grb2-SOS, PI3K, and phospholipase C (PLC). The
tyrosine phosphorylation cascade culminates in the
intracellular mobilization of a calcium ions and
activation of important signaling cascades within the
lymphocyte, including the Ras-MEK-ERK pathway, which
goes on to activate certain transcription factors such
as NFAT, NF-kappaB, and AP-1. These transcription
factors regulate the production cytokines such as
Interleukin-2 that promote long-term proliferation and
differentiation of the activated lymphocytes. The
N-terminal tail of Lck is myristoylated and
palmitoylated and it tethers the protein to the plasma
membrane of the cell. Lck also contains a SH3 domain, a
SH2 domain, and a C-terminal tyrosine kinase domain.
Lck has 2 phosphorylation sites, the first an
autophosphorylation site that is linked to activation
of the protein and the second which is phosphorylated
by Csk, which inhibits it. Lck is also inhibited by
SHP-1 dephosphorylation and by Cbl ubiquitin ligase,
which is part of the ubiquitin-mediated pathway. In
general SH2 domains are involved in signal
transduction. They typically bind pTyr-containing
ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic
binding pocket, allowing proteins with SH2 domains to
localize to tyrosine phosphorylated sites.
Length = 101
Score = 27.5 bits (61), Expect = 1.7
Identities = 12/40 (30%), Positives = 21/40 (52%), Gaps = 4/40 (10%)
Query: 33 WYHGAIPRSRAEEIIENEGD----FLIRDCTSQPGNYVLS 68
W+ + R+ AE + G+ FLIR+ + G++ LS
Sbjct: 5 WFFKNLSRNDAERQLLAPGNTHGSFLIRESETTAGSFSLS 44
>gnl|CDD|235687 PRK06062, PRK06062, hypothetical protein; Provisional.
Length = 451
Score = 28.8 bits (65), Expect = 2.0
Identities = 14/49 (28%), Positives = 18/49 (36%), Gaps = 15/49 (30%)
Query: 98 FEDDLFDTVPDLITF-------YV----VIQPDTVYERVQFQFEDDLFD 135
F + F VPDLITF YV V + + F D +
Sbjct: 267 FAIEHFGVVPDLITFAKGVNSGYVPLGGVAISEAIAAT----FADRPYP 311
Score = 28.1 bits (63), Expect = 3.1
Identities = 12/22 (54%), Positives = 13/22 (59%), Gaps = 2/22 (9%)
Query: 129 FEDDLFDTVPDLITFY--VGSG 148
F + F VPDLITF V SG
Sbjct: 267 FAIEHFGVVPDLITFAKGVNSG 288
>gnl|CDD|216936 pfam02223, Thymidylate_kin, Thymidylate kinase.
Length = 186
Score = 28.0 bits (63), Expect = 2.4
Identities = 11/36 (30%), Positives = 20/36 (55%), Gaps = 1/36 (2%)
Query: 100 DDLFDTVPDLITFYVVIQPDTVYERVQFQFEDDLFD 135
D+ PDL TF + + P+ +R++ + E D F+
Sbjct: 112 PDVPGPKPDL-TFLLDVDPEVALKRLRRRGELDEFE 146
>gnl|CDD|99937 cd05505, Bromo_WSTF_like, Bromodomain; Williams syndrome
transcription factor-like subfamily (WSTF-like). The
Williams-Beuren syndrome deletion transcript 9 is a
putative transcriptional regulator. WSTF was found to
play a role in vitamin D-mediated transcription as part
of two chromatin remodeling complexes, WINAC and WICH.
Bromodomains are 110 amino acid long domains, that are
found in many chromatin associated proteins.
Bromodomains can interact specifically with acetylated
lysine.
Length = 97
Score = 27.1 bits (60), Expect = 2.7
Identities = 9/14 (64%), Positives = 12/14 (85%)
Query: 61 QPGNYVLSCMSKTQ 74
+ G+YVLSCM KT+
Sbjct: 77 ENGSYVLSCMRKTE 90
>gnl|CDD|235182 PRK03968, PRK03968, DNA primase large subunit; Validated.
Length = 399
Score = 28.1 bits (63), Expect = 3.0
Identities = 11/48 (22%), Positives = 25/48 (52%), Gaps = 2/48 (4%)
Query: 100 DDLFDTVPDLITFYVVIQPDTVYERVQFQ--FEDDLFDTVPDLITFYV 145
+DL + +P L+ + I+ Y + + F+ ++ + DL++FY
Sbjct: 25 NDLLEAIPSLVDIELAIERVKWYLEKKPEKNFDHSDYEYLFDLLSFYA 72
>gnl|CDD|215634 PLN03211, PLN03211, ABC transporter G-25; Provisional.
Length = 659
Score = 28.3 bits (63), Expect = 3.1
Identities = 13/29 (44%), Positives = 15/29 (51%)
Query: 140 LITFYVGSGKPISSLSGAKIKSPKNRYSC 168
LI G GK ISSL G + +R SC
Sbjct: 591 LINVQYGEGKRISSLLGCSLPHGSDRASC 619
>gnl|CDD|198175 cd09919, SH2_STAT_family, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in
signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)
family. STAT proteins mediate the signaling of
cytokines and a number of growth factors from the
receptors of these extracellular signaling molecules to
the cell nucleus. STATs are specifically
phosphorylated by receptor-associated Janus kinases,
receptor tyrosine kinases, or cytoplasmic tyrosine
kinases. The phosphorylated STAT molecules dimerize by
reciprocal binding of their SH2 domains to the
phosphotyrosine residues. These dimeric STATs
translocate into the nucleus, bind to specific DNA
sequences, and regulate the transcription of their
target genes. However there are a number of
unphosphorylated STATs that travel between the
cytoplasm and nucleus and some STATs that exist as
dimers in unstimulated cells that can exert biological
functions independent of being activated by a receptor.
There are seven mammalian STAT family members which
have been identified: STAT1, STAT2, STAT3, STAT4, STAT5
(STAT5A and STAT5B), and STAT6. There are 6 conserved
domains in STAT: N-terminal domain (NTD), coiled-coil
domain (CCD), DNA-binding domain (DBD), alpha-helical
linker domain (LD), SH2 domain, and transactivation
domain (TAD). NTD is involved in dimerization of
unphosphorylated STATs monomers and for the
tetramerization between STAT1, STAT3, STAT4 and STAT5
on promoters with two or more tandem STAT binding
sites. It also plays a role in promoting interactions
with transcriptional co-activators such as CREB binding
protein (CBP)/p300, as well as being important for
nuclear import and deactivation of STATs involving
tyrosine de-phosphorylation. The CCD interacts with
other proteins, such as IFN regulatory protein 9
(IRF-9/p48) with STAT1 and c-JUN with STAT3 and is also
thought to participate in the negative regulation of
these proteins. Distinct genes are bound to STATs via
their DBD domain. This domain is also involved in
nuclear translocation of activated STAT1 and STAT3
phosphorylated dimers upon cytokine stimulation. LD
links the DNA-binding and SH2 domains and is important
for the transcriptional activation of STAT1 in response
to IFN-gamma. It also plays a role in protein-protein
interactions and has also been implicated in the
constitutive nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of
unphosphorylated STATs in resting cells. The SH2
domain is necessary for receptor association and
tyrosine phosphodimer formation. Residues within this
domain may be particularly important for some cellular
functions mediated by the STATs as well as residues
adjacent to this domain. The TAD interacts with
several proteins, namely minichromosome maintenance
complex component 5 (MCM5), breast cancer 1 (BRCA1) and
CBP/p300. TAD also contains a modulatory
phosphorylation site that regulates STAT activity and
is necessary for maximal transcription of a number of
target genes. The conserved tyrosine residue present in
the C-terminus is crucial for dimerization via
interaction with the SH2 domain upon the interaction of
the ligand with the receptor. STAT activation by
tyrosine phosphorylation also determines nuclear import
and retention, DNA binding to specific DNA elements in
the promoters of responsive genes, and transcriptional
activation of STAT dimers. In addition to the SH2
domain there is a coiled-coil domain, a DNA binding
domain, and a transactivation domain in the STAT
proteins. In general SH2 domains are involved in signal
transduction. They typically bind pTyr-containing
ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic
binding pocket, allowing proteins with SH2 domains to
localize to tyrosine phosphorylated sites.
Length = 115
Score = 27.2 bits (61), Expect = 3.3
Identities = 14/47 (29%), Positives = 21/47 (44%), Gaps = 7/47 (14%)
Query: 23 LDNRDLRSHAWYHGAI----PRSRAEEIIEN--EGDFLIRDCTSQPG 63
L R L W G I + AE++++ G FL+R S+ G
Sbjct: 8 LTKRHLLKL-WQDGLIMGFISKEEAEDLLKKKPPGTFLLRFSDSELG 53
>gnl|CDD|233100 TIGR00713, hemL, glutamate-1-semialdehyde-2,1-aminomutase. This
enzyme, glutamate-1-semialdehyde-2,1-aminomutase
(glutamate-1-semialdehyde aminotransferase, GSA
aminotransferase), contains a pyridoxal phosphate
attached at a Lys residue at position 283 of the seed
alignment. It is in the family of class III
aminotransferases [Biosynthesis of cofactors, prosthetic
groups, and carriers, Heme, porphyrin, and cobalamin].
Length = 423
Score = 27.3 bits (61), Expect = 5.4
Identities = 11/37 (29%), Positives = 16/37 (43%), Gaps = 2/37 (5%)
Query: 124 RVQFQFEDDLFDTVPDLITF--YVGSGKPISSLSGAK 158
RV + F PDL T +G G P+ + G +
Sbjct: 242 RVALGGAQEYFGVEPDLTTLGKIIGGGLPVGAFGGRR 278
>gnl|CDD|239610 cd03536, Rieske_RO_Alpha_DTDO, This alignment model represents
the N-terminal rieske domain of the oxygenase alpha
subunit (DitA) of diterpenoid dioxygenase (DTDO). DTDO
is a novel aromatic-ring-hydroxylating dioxygenase
found in Pseudomonas and other proteobacteria that
degrades dehydroabietic acid (DhA). Specifically, DitA
hydroxylates 7-oxodehydroabietic acid to
7-oxo-11,12-dihydroxy-8, 13-abietadien acid. The ditA1
and ditA2 genes encode the alpha and beta subunits of
the oxygenase component of DTDO while the ditA3 gene
encodes the ferredoxin component of DTDO. The
organization of the genes encoding the various
diterpenoid dioxygenase components, the phylogenetic
distinctiveness of both the alpha subunit and the
ferredoxin component, and the unusual iron-sulfur
cluster of the ferredoxin all suggest that this enzyme
belongs to a new class of aromatic ring-hydroxylating
dioxygenases.
Length = 123
Score = 26.4 bits (58), Expect = 5.6
Identities = 13/38 (34%), Positives = 20/38 (52%), Gaps = 3/38 (7%)
Query: 44 EEIIENEGDFLIRDCTSQPGNYVLSCMSKTQYLHFVIN 81
E I N+GDF++RD S + V+ K +H +N
Sbjct: 7 ESEIPNKGDFMVRDMGS---DSVIVARDKDGEIHVSLN 41
>gnl|CDD|198226 cd10363, SH2_Src_HCK, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in HCK.
HCK is a member of the Src non-receptor type tyrosine
kinase family of proteins and is expressed in
hemopoietic cells. HCK is proposed to couple the Fc
receptor to the activation of the respiratory burst. It
may also play a role in neutrophil migration and in the
degranulation of neutrophils. It has two different
translational starts that have different subcellular
localization. HCK has been shown to interact with BCR
gene, ELMO1 Cbl gene, RAS p21 protein activator 1,
RASA3, Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor receptor,
ADAM15 and RAPGEF1. Like the other members of the Src
family the SH2 domain in addition to binding the
target, also plays an autoinhibitory role by binding to
its C-terminal tail. In general SH2 domains are
involved in signal transduction. HCK has a unique
N-terminal domain, an SH3 domain, an SH2 domain, a
kinase domain and a regulatory tail, as do the other
members of the family. They typically bind
pTyr-containing ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr
and hydrophobic binding pocket, allowing proteins with
SH2 domains to localize to tyrosine phosphorylated
sites.
Length = 104
Score = 26.1 bits (57), Expect = 6.4
Identities = 14/40 (35%), Positives = 20/40 (50%), Gaps = 4/40 (10%)
Query: 33 WYHGAIPRSRAEEIIENEGD----FLIRDCTSQPGNYVLS 68
W+ I R AE + G+ F+IRD + G+Y LS
Sbjct: 5 WFFKGISRKDAERQLLAPGNMLGSFMIRDSETTKGSYSLS 44
Database: CDD.v3.10
Posted date: Mar 20, 2013 7:55 AM
Number of letters in database: 10,937,602
Number of sequences in database: 44,354
Lambda K H
0.320 0.137 0.415
Gapped
Lambda K H
0.267 0.0772 0.140
Matrix: BLOSUM62
Gap Penalties: Existence: 11, Extension: 1
Number of Sequences: 44354
Number of Hits to DB: 9,914,781
Number of extensions: 938402
Number of successful extensions: 890
Number of sequences better than 10.0: 1
Number of HSP's gapped: 827
Number of HSP's successfully gapped: 108
Length of query: 192
Length of database: 10,937,602
Length adjustment: 92
Effective length of query: 100
Effective length of database: 6,857,034
Effective search space: 685703400
Effective search space used: 685703400
Neighboring words threshold: 11
Window for multiple hits: 40
X1: 16 ( 7.4 bits)
X2: 38 (14.6 bits)
X3: 64 (24.7 bits)
S1: 41 (21.8 bits)
S2: 56 (25.3 bits)