RPS-BLAST 2.2.26 [Sep-21-2011]
Database: CDD.v3.10
44,354 sequences; 10,937,602 total letters
Searching..................................................done
Query= psy7798
(261 letters)
>gnl|CDD|176260 cd08300, alcohol_DH_class_III, class III alcohol dehydrogenases.
Members identified as glutathione-dependent formaldehyde
dehydrogenase(FDH), a member of the zinc
dependent/medium chain alcohol dehydrogenase family.
FDH converts formaldehyde and NAD(P) to formate and
NAD(P)H. The initial step in this process the
spontaneous formation of a S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione
adduct from formaldehyde and glutathione, followed by
FDH-mediated oxidation (and detoxification) of the
adduct to S-formylglutathione. MDH family uses NAD(H)
as a cofactor in the interconversion of alcohols and
aldehydes or ketones. Like many zinc-dependent alcohol
dehydrogenases (ADH) of the medium chain alcohol
dehydrogenase/reductase family (MDR), these FDHs form
dimers, with 4 zinc ions per dimer. The medium chain
alcohol dehydrogenase family (MDR) have a
NAD(P)(H)-binding domain in a Rossmann fold of a
beta-alpha form. The N-terminal region typically has an
all-beta catalytic domain. These proteins typically form
dimers (typically higher plants, mammals) or tetramers
(yeast, bacteria), and have 2 tightly bound zinc atoms
per subunit. Alcohol dehydrogenase in the liver
converts ethanol and NAD+ to acetaldehyde and NADH,
while in yeast and some other microorganisms ADH
catalyzes the conversion acetaldehyde to ethanol in
alcoholic fermentation. ADH is a member of the medium
chain alcohol dehydrogenase family (MDR), which have a
NAD(P)(H)-binding domain in a Rossmann fold of a
beta-alpha form. The NAD(H)-binding region is comprised
of 2 structurally similar halves, each of which contacts
a mononucleotide. A GxGxxG motif after the first
mononucleotide contact half allows the close contact of
the coenzyme with the ADH backbone. The N-terminal
catalytic domain has a distant homology to GroES.
These proteins typically form dimers (typically higher
plants, mammals) or tetramers (yeast, bacteria), and
have 2 tightly bound zinc atoms per subunit, a catalytic
zinc at the active site and a structural zinc in a lobe
of the catalytic domain. NAD(H) binding occurs in the
cleft between the catalytic and coenzyme-binding
domains at the active site, and coenzyme binding induces
a conformational closing of this cleft. Coenzyme binding
typically precedes and contributes to substrate binding.
Length = 368
Score = 260 bits (666), Expect = 6e-86
Identities = 88/113 (77%), Positives = 97/113 (85%)
Query: 101 IECKAAVAWEPKKPLSLETIQVAPPKAGEVRIKIVSTAICHTDAYTLDGLDSEGKFPCVL 160
I CKAAVAWE KPLS+E ++VAPPKAGEVRIKI++T +CHTDAYTL G D EG FP +L
Sbjct: 1 ITCKAAVAWEAGKPLSIEEVEVAPPKAGEVRIKILATGVCHTDAYTLSGADPEGLFPVIL 60
Query: 161 GHEGSGIVESVGEGVTSVAPGDHVIPLYIPQCNECKFCKSSKTNLCTKIRTTQ 213
GHEG+GIVESVGEGVTSV PGDHVIPLY P+C ECKFCKS KTNLC KIR TQ
Sbjct: 61 GHEGAGIVESVGEGVTSVKPGDHVIPLYTPECGECKFCKSGKTNLCQKIRATQ 113
>gnl|CDD|223990 COG1062, AdhC, Zn-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases, class III
[Energy production and conversion].
Length = 366
Score = 210 bits (536), Expect = 2e-66
Identities = 70/114 (61%), Positives = 87/114 (76%), Gaps = 1/114 (0%)
Query: 101 IECKAAVAWEPKKPLSLETIQVAPPKAGEVRIKIVSTAICHTDAYTLDGLDSEGKFPCVL 160
++ +AAVA E KPL +E + + PP+AGEV ++I +T +CHTDA+TL G D EG FP VL
Sbjct: 1 MKTRAAVAREAGKPLEIEEVDLDPPRAGEVLVRITATGVCHTDAHTLSGDDPEG-FPAVL 59
Query: 161 GHEGSGIVESVGEGVTSVAPGDHVIPLYIPQCNECKFCKSSKTNLCTKIRTTQL 214
GHEG+GIVE+VGEGVTSV PGDHVI L+ P+C +CKFC S K NLC IR TQ
Sbjct: 60 GHEGAGIVEAVGEGVTSVKPGDHVILLFTPECGQCKFCLSGKPNLCEAIRATQG 113
>gnl|CDD|176259 cd08299, alcohol_DH_class_I_II_IV, class I, II, IV alcohol
dehydrogenases. NAD(P)(H)-dependent oxidoreductases are
the major enzymes in the interconversion of alcohols and
aldehydes or ketones. This group includes alcohol
dehydrogenases corresponding to mammalian classes I, II,
IV. Alcohol dehydrogenase in the liver converts ethanol
and NAD+ to acetaldehyde and NADH, while in yeast and
some other microorganisms ADH catalyzes the conversion
acetaldehyde to ethanol in alcoholic fermentation. ADH
is a member of the medium chain alcohol dehydrogenase
family (MDR), which have a NAD(P)(H)-binding domain in a
Rossmann fold of a beta-alpha form. The NAD(H)-binding
region is comprised of 2 structurally similar halves,
each of which contacts a mononucleotide. A GxGxxG motif
after the first mononucleotide contact half allows the
close contact of the coenzyme with the ADH backbone.
The N-terminal catalytic domain has a distant homology
to GroES. These proteins typically form dimers
(typically higher plants, mammals) or tetramers (yeast,
bacteria), and have 2 tightly bound zinc atoms per
subunit, a catalytic zinc at the active site and a
structural zinc in a lobe of the catalytic domain.
NAD(H) binding occurs in the cleft between the catalytic
and coenzyme-binding domains at the active site, and
coenzyme binding induces a conformational closing of
this cleft. Coenzyme binding typically precedes and
contributes to substrate binding. In human ADH
catalysis, the zinc ion helps coordinate the alcohol,
followed by deprotonation of a histidine (His-51), the
ribose of NAD, a serine (Ser-48) , then the alcohol,
which allows the transfer of a hydride to NAD+, creating
NADH and a zinc-bound aldehyde or ketone. In yeast and
some bacteria, the active site zinc binds an aldehyde,
polarizing it, and leading to the reverse reaction.
Length = 373
Score = 200 bits (510), Expect = 2e-62
Identities = 68/112 (60%), Positives = 86/112 (76%), Gaps = 1/112 (0%)
Query: 99 QVIECKAAVAWEPKKPLSLETIQVAPPKAGEVRIKIVSTAICHTDAYTLDGLDSEGKFPC 158
+VI+CKAAV WEPKKP S+E I+VAPPKA EVRIKIV+T IC +D + + G FP
Sbjct: 4 KVIKCKAAVLWEPKKPFSIEEIEVAPPKAHEVRIKIVATGICRSDDHVVSGK-LVTPFPV 62
Query: 159 VLGHEGSGIVESVGEGVTSVAPGDHVIPLYIPQCNECKFCKSSKTNLCTKIR 210
+LGHE +GIVESVGEGVT+V PGD VIPL++PQC +C+ C + ++NLC K
Sbjct: 63 ILGHEAAGIVESVGEGVTTVKPGDKVIPLFVPQCGKCRACLNPESNLCLKND 114
>gnl|CDD|176238 cd08277, liver_alcohol_DH_like, Liver alcohol dehydrogenase.
NAD(P)(H)-dependent oxidoreductases are the major
enzymes in the interconversion of alcohols and
aldehydes, or ketones. Alcohol dehydrogenase in the
liver converts ethanol and NAD+ to acetaldehyde and
NADH, while in yeast and some other microorganisms ADH
catalyzes the conversion acetaldehyde to ethanol in
alcoholic fermentation. There are 7 vertebrate ADH 7
classes, 6 of which have been identified in humans.
Class III, glutathione-dependent formaldehyde
dehydrogenase, has been identified as the primordial
form and exists in diverse species, including plants,
micro-organisms, vertebrates, and invertebrates. Class
I, typified by liver dehydrogenase, is an evolving
form. Gene duplication and functional specialization of
ADH into ADH classes and subclasses created numerous
forms in vertebrates. For example, the A, B and C
(formerly alpha, beta, gamma) human class I subunits
have high overall structural similarity, but differ in
the substrate binding pocket and therefore in substrate
specificity. In human ADH catalysis, the zinc ion helps
coordinate the alcohol, followed by deprotonation of a
histidine (His-51), the ribose of NAD, a serine
(Ser-48) , then the alcohol, which allows the transfer
of a hydride to NAD+, creating NADH and a zinc-bound
aldehyde or ketone. In yeast and some bacteria, the
active site zinc binds an aldehyde, polarizing it, and
leading to the reverse reaction. ADH is a member of the
medium chain alcohol dehydrogenase family (MDR), which
has a NAD(P)(H)-binding domain in a Rossmann fold of an
beta-alpha form. The NAD(H)-binding region is comprised
of 2 structurally similar halves, each of which contacts
a mononucleotide. A GxGxxG motif after the first
mononucleotide contact half allows the close contact of
the coenzyme with the ADH backbone. The N-terminal
catalytic domain has a distant homology to GroES.
These proteins typically form dimers (typically higher
plants, mammals) or tetramers (yeast, bacteria), and
have 2 tightly bound zinc atoms per subunit, a catalytic
zinc at the active site and a structural zinc in a lobe
of the catalytic domain. NAD(H) binding occurs in the
cleft between the catalytic and coenzyme-binding
domains at the active site, and coenzyme binding induces
a conformational closing of this cleft. Coenzyme binding
typically precedes and contributes to substrate binding.
Length = 365
Score = 191 bits (488), Expect = 3e-59
Identities = 70/112 (62%), Positives = 87/112 (77%), Gaps = 1/112 (0%)
Query: 101 IECKAAVAWEPKKPLSLETIQVAPPKAGEVRIKIVSTAICHTDAYTLDGLDSEGKFPCVL 160
I+CKAAVAWE KPL +E I+VAPPKA EVRIK+++T++CHTD ++G + FP +L
Sbjct: 1 IKCKAAVAWEAGKPLVIEEIEVAPPKANEVRIKMLATSVCHTDILAIEGFKA-TLFPVIL 59
Query: 161 GHEGSGIVESVGEGVTSVAPGDHVIPLYIPQCNECKFCKSSKTNLCTKIRTT 212
GHEG+GIVESVGEGVT++ PGD VIPL+I QC EC C+S KTNLC K R
Sbjct: 60 GHEGAGIVESVGEGVTNLKPGDKVIPLFIGQCGECSNCRSGKTNLCQKYRAN 111
>gnl|CDD|131865 TIGR02818, adh_III_F_hyde, S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione
dehydrogenase/class III alcohol dehydrogenase. The
members of this protein family show dual function.
First, they remove formaldehyde, a toxic metabolite, by
acting as S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione dehydrogenase
(1.1.1.284). S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione can form
spontaneously from formaldehyde and glutathione, and so
this enzyme previously was designated
glutathione-dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenase. These
same proteins are also designated alcohol dehydrogenase
(EC 1.1.1.1) of class III, for activities that do not
require glutathione; they tend to show poor activity for
ethanol among their various substrate alcohols [Cellular
processes, Detoxification, Energy metabolism,
Fermentation].
Length = 368
Score = 189 bits (482), Expect = 2e-58
Identities = 69/110 (62%), Positives = 84/110 (76%)
Query: 104 KAAVAWEPKKPLSLETIQVAPPKAGEVRIKIVSTAICHTDAYTLDGLDSEGKFPCVLGHE 163
+AAVAW +PL +E + V P+ GEV ++IV+T +CHTDA+TL G D EG FP +LGHE
Sbjct: 3 RAAVAWAAGQPLKIEEVDVEMPQKGEVLVRIVATGVCHTDAFTLSGADPEGVFPVILGHE 62
Query: 164 GSGIVESVGEGVTSVAPGDHVIPLYIPQCNECKFCKSSKTNLCTKIRTTQ 213
G+GIVE+VGEGVTSV GDHVIPLY +C ECKFC S KTNLC +R TQ
Sbjct: 63 GAGIVEAVGEGVTSVKVGDHVIPLYTAECGECKFCLSGKTNLCVAVRETQ 112
>gnl|CDD|176261 cd08301, alcohol_DH_plants, Plant alcohol dehydrogenase.
NAD(P)(H)-dependent oxidoreductases are the major
enzymes in the interconversion of alcohols and aldehydes
or ketones. Alcohol dehydrogenase in the liver converts
ethanol and NAD+ to acetaldehyde and NADH, while in
yeast and some other microorganisms ADH catalyzes the
conversion acetaldehyde to ethanol in alcoholic
fermentation. There are 7 vertebrate ADH 7 classes, 6
of which have been identified in humans. Class III,
glutathione-dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenase, has
been identified as the primordial form and exists in
diverse species, including plants, micro-organisms,
vertebrates, and invertebrates. Class I, typified by
liver dehydrogenase, is an evolving form. Gene
duplication and functional specialization of ADH into
ADH classes and subclasses created numerous forms in
vertebrates. For example, the A, B and C (formerly
alpha, beta, gamma) human class I subunits have high
overall structural similarity, but differ in the
substrate binding pocket and therefore in substrate
specificity. In human ADH catalysis, the zinc ion helps
coordinate the alcohol, followed by deprotonation of a
histidine (His-51), the ribose of NAD, a serine
(Ser-48) , then the alcohol, which allows the transfer
of a hydride to NAD+, creating NADH and a zinc-bound
aldehyde or ketone. In yeast and some bacteria, the
active site zinc binds an aldehyde, polarizing it, and
leading to the reverse reaction. ADH is a member of the
medium chain alcohol dehydrogenase family (MDR), which
has a NAD(P)(H)-binding domain in a Rossmann fold of an
beta-alpha form. The NAD(H)-binding region is comprised
of 2 structurally similar halves, each of which contacts
a mononucleotide. A GxGxxG motif after the first
mononucleotide contact half allows the close contact of
the coenzyme with the ADH backbone. The N-terminal
catalytic domain has a distant homology to GroES.
These proteins typically form dimers (typically higher
plants, mammals) or tetramers (yeast, bacteria), and
have 2 tightly bound zinc atoms per subunit, a catalytic
zinc at the active site and a structural zinc in a lobe
of the catalytic domain. NAD(H) binding occurs in the
cleft between the catalytic and coenzyme-binding
domains at the active site, and coenzyme binding induces
a conformational closing of this cleft. Coenzyme binding
typically precedes and contributes to substrate binding.
Length = 369
Score = 185 bits (472), Expect = 7e-57
Identities = 66/124 (53%), Positives = 86/124 (69%), Gaps = 3/124 (2%)
Query: 101 IECKAAVAWEPKKPLSLETIQVAPPKAGEVRIKIVSTAICHTDAYTLDGLDSEGKFPCVL 160
I CKAAVAWE KPL +E ++VAPP+A EVRIKI+ T++CHTD Y + FP +L
Sbjct: 1 ITCKAAVAWEAGKPLVIEEVEVAPPQAMEVRIKILHTSLCHTDVYFWEAKGQTPLFPRIL 60
Query: 161 GHEGSGIVESVGEGVTSVAPGDHVIPLYIPQCNECKFCKSSKTNLCTKIRTTQLFLTSNV 220
GHE +GIVESVGEGVT + PGDHV+P++ +C EC+ CKS K+N+C +R V
Sbjct: 61 GHEAAGIVESVGEGVTDLKPGDHVLPVFTGECKECRHCKSEKSNMCDLLRINTD---RGV 117
Query: 221 TISD 224
I+D
Sbjct: 118 MIND 121
>gnl|CDD|176182 cd05279, Zn_ADH1, Liver alcohol dehydrogenase and related
zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases.
NAD(P)(H)-dependent oxidoreductases are the major
enzymes in the interconversion of alcohols and
aldehydes, or ketones. Alcohol dehydrogenase in the
liver converts ethanol and NAD+ to acetaldehyde and
NADH, while in yeast and some other microorganisms ADH
catalyzes the conversion acetaldehyde to ethanol in
alcoholic fermentation. There are 7 vertebrate ADH 7
classes, 6 of which have been identified in humans.
Class III, glutathione-dependent formaldehyde
dehydrogenase, has been identified as the primordial
form and exists in diverse species, including plants,
micro-organisms, vertebrates, and invertebrates. Class
I, typified by liver dehydrogenase, is an evolving
form. Gene duplication and functional specialization of
ADH into ADH classes and subclasses created numerous
forms in vertebrates. For example, the A, B and C
(formerly alpha, beta, gamma) human class I subunits
have high overall structural similarity, but differ in
the substrate binding pocket and therefore in substrate
specificity. In human ADH catalysis, the zinc ion helps
coordinate the alcohol, followed by deprotonation of a
histidine (His-51), the ribose of NAD, a serine
(Ser-48), then the alcohol, which allows the transfer of
a hydride to NAD+, creating NADH and a zinc-bound
aldehyde or ketone. In yeast and some bacteria, the
active site zinc binds an aldehyde, polarizing it, and
leading to the reverse reaction. ADH is a member of the
medium chain alcohol dehydrogenase family (MDR), which
has a NAD(P)(H)-binding domain in a Rossmann fold of an
beta-alpha form. The NAD(H)-binding region is comprised
of 2 structurally similar halves, each of which contacts
a mononucleotide. A GxGxxG motif after the first
mononucleotide contact half allows the close contact of
the coenzyme with the ADH backbone. The N-terminal
catalytic domain has a distant homology to GroES.
These proteins typically form dimers (typically higher
plants, mammals) or tetramers (yeast, bacteria), and
have 2 tightly bound zinc atoms per subunit, a catalytic
zinc at the active site and a structural zinc in a lobe
of the catalytic domain. NAD(H) binding occurs in the
cleft between the catalytic and coenzyme-binding domains
at the active site, and coenzyme binding induces a
conformational closing of this cleft. Coenzyme binding
typically precedes and contributes to substrate binding.
Length = 365
Score = 183 bits (466), Expect = 5e-56
Identities = 67/111 (60%), Positives = 84/111 (75%), Gaps = 1/111 (0%)
Query: 103 CKAAVAWEPKKPLSLETIQVAPPKAGEVRIKIVSTAICHTDAYTLDGLDSEGKFPCVLGH 162
CKAAV WE KPLS+E I+VAPPKAGEVRIK+V+T +CHTD + +DG P +LGH
Sbjct: 1 CKAAVLWEKGKPLSIEEIEVAPPKAGEVRIKVVATGVCHTDLHVIDG-KLPTPLPVILGH 59
Query: 163 EGSGIVESVGEGVTSVAPGDHVIPLYIPQCNECKFCKSSKTNLCTKIRTTQ 213
EG+GIVES+G GVT++ PGD VIPL+ PQC +CK C + + NLC+K R T
Sbjct: 60 EGAGIVESIGPGVTTLKPGDKVIPLFGPQCGKCKQCLNPRPNLCSKSRGTN 110
>gnl|CDD|178341 PLN02740, PLN02740, Alcohol dehydrogenase-like.
Length = 381
Score = 157 bits (399), Expect = 5e-46
Identities = 65/136 (47%), Positives = 89/136 (65%), Gaps = 4/136 (2%)
Query: 99 QVIECKAAVAWEPKKPLSLETIQVAPPKAGEVRIKIVSTAICHTDAYTLDGL-DSEGKFP 157
+VI CKAAVAW P +PL +E I+V PP+ EVRIKI+ T+ICHTD G +++ +P
Sbjct: 7 KVITCKAAVAWGPGEPLVMEEIRVDPPQKMEVRIKILYTSICHTDLSAWKGENEAQRAYP 66
Query: 158 CVLGHEGSGIVESVGEGVTSVAPGDHVIPLYIPQCNECKFCKSSKTNLCTKIRTTQLFLT 217
+LGHE +GIVESVGEGV + GDHVIP++ +C +C++CK KTNLC R
Sbjct: 67 RILGHEAAGIVESVGEGVEDLKAGDHVIPIFNGECGDCRYCKRDKTNLCETYRVDPF--- 123
Query: 218 SNVTISDFNMGYSMTG 233
+V ++D +S G
Sbjct: 124 KSVMVNDGKTRFSTKG 139
>gnl|CDD|176240 cd08279, Zn_ADH_class_III, Class III alcohol dehydrogenase.
Glutathione-dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenases (FDHs,
Class III ADH) are members of the zinc-dependent/medium
chain alcohol dehydrogenase family. FDH converts
formaldehyde and NAD(P) to formate and NAD(P)H. The
initial step in this process the spontaneous formation
of a S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione adduct from
formaldehyde and glutathione, followed by FDH-mediated
oxidation (and detoxification) of the adduct to
S-formylglutathione. NAD(P)(H)-dependent oxidoreductases
are the major enzymes in the interconversion of alcohols
and aldehydes or ketones. Alcohol dehydrogenase in the
liver converts ethanol and NAD+ to acetaldehyde and
NADH, while in yeast and some other microorganisms ADH
catalyzes the conversion acetaldehyde to ethanol in
alcoholic fermentation. Class III ADH are also known as
glutathione-dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenase (FDH),
which convert aldehydes to corresponding carboxylic acid
and alcohol. ADH is a member of the medium chain
alcohol dehydrogenase family (MDR), which has a
NAD(P)(H)-binding domain in a Rossmann fold of an
beta-alpha form. The NAD(H)-binding region is comprised
of 2 structurally similar halves, each of which contacts
a mononucleotide. A GxGxxG motif after the first
mononucleotide contact half allows the close contact of
the coenzyme with the ADH backbone. The N-terminal
catalytic domain has a distant homology to GroES. These
proteins typically form dimers (typically higher plants,
mammals) or tetramers (yeast, bacteria), and have 2
tightly bound zinc atoms per subunit, a catalytic zinc
at the active site and a structural zinc in a lobe of
the catalytic domain. NAD(H) binding occurs in the
cleft between the catalytic and coenzyme-binding
domains at the active site, and coenzyme binding induces
a conformational closing of this cleft. Coenzyme binding
typically precedes and contributes to substrate binding.
Length = 363
Score = 152 bits (386), Expect = 3e-44
Identities = 47/103 (45%), Positives = 66/103 (64%), Gaps = 1/103 (0%)
Query: 104 KAAVAWEPKKPLSLETIQVAPPKAGEVRIKIVSTAICHTDAYTLDGLDSEGKFPCVLGHE 163
+AAV E KPL +E +++ P GEV ++I + +CH+D + + G D P VLGHE
Sbjct: 2 RAAVLHEVGKPLEIEEVELDDPGPGEVLVRIAAAGLCHSDLHVVTG-DLPAPLPAVLGHE 60
Query: 164 GSGIVESVGEGVTSVAPGDHVIPLYIPQCNECKFCKSSKTNLC 206
G+G+VE VG GVT V PGDHV+ +IP C C++C + NLC
Sbjct: 61 GAGVVEEVGPGVTGVKPGDHVVLSWIPACGTCRYCSRGQPNLC 103
>gnl|CDD|215442 PLN02827, PLN02827, Alcohol dehydrogenase-like.
Length = 378
Score = 137 bits (346), Expect = 3e-38
Identities = 54/115 (46%), Positives = 78/115 (67%), Gaps = 3/115 (2%)
Query: 95 ISLPQVIECKAAVAWEPKKPLSLETIQVAPPKAGEVRIKIVSTAICHTDAYTLDGLDSEG 154
IS P VI C+AAVAW + L +E ++V+PP+ E+RIK+VST++C +D L +S+
Sbjct: 5 ISQPNVITCRAAVAWGAGEALVMEEVEVSPPQPLEIRIKVVSTSLCRSD---LSAWESQA 61
Query: 155 KFPCVLGHEGSGIVESVGEGVTSVAPGDHVIPLYIPQCNECKFCKSSKTNLCTKI 209
FP + GHE SGIVES+GEGVT GDHV+ ++ +C C+ C S K+N+C +
Sbjct: 62 LFPRIFGHEASGIVESIGEGVTEFEKGDHVLTVFTGECGSCRHCISGKSNMCQVL 116
>gnl|CDD|176239 cd08278, benzyl_alcohol_DH, Benzyl alcohol dehydrogenase. Benzyl
alcohol dehydrogenase is similar to liver alcohol
dehydrogenase, but has some amino acid substitutions
near the active site, which may determine the enzyme's
specificity of oxidizing aromatic substrates. Also
known as aryl-alcohol dehydrogenases, they catalyze the
conversion of an aromatic alcohol + NAD+ to an aromatic
aldehyde + NADH + H+. NAD(P)(H)-dependent
oxidoreductases are the major enzymes in the
interconversion of alcohols and aldehydes, or ketones.
Alcohol dehydrogenase in the liver converts ethanol and
NAD+ to acetaldehyde and NADH, while in yeast and some
other microorganisms ADH catalyzes the conversion
acetaldehyde to ethanol in alcoholic fermentation. ADH
is a member of the medium chain alcohol dehydrogenase
family (MDR), which has a NAD(P)(H)-binding domain in a
Rossmann fold of a beta-alpha form. The NAD(H)-binding
region is comprised of 2 structurally similar halves,
each of which contacts a mononucleotide. A GxGxxG motif
after the first mononucleotide contact half allows the
close contact of the coenzyme with the ADH backbone.
The N-terminal catalytic domain has a distant homology
to GroES. These proteins typically form dimers
(typically higher plants, mammals) or tetramers (yeast,
bacteria), and have 2 tightly bound zinc atoms per
subunit, a catalytic zinc at the active site and a
structural zinc in a lobe of the catalytic domain.
NAD(H) binding occurs in the cleft between the catalytic
and coenzyme-binding domains at the active site, and
coenzyme binding induces a conformational closing of
this cleft. Coenzyme binding typically precedes and
contributes to substrate binding. In human ADH
catalysis, the zinc ion helps coordinate the alcohol,
followed by deprotonation of a histidine, the ribose of
NAD, a serine, then the alcohol, which allows the
transfer of a hydride to NAD+, creating NADH and a
zinc-bound aldehyde or ketone. In yeast and some
bacteria, the active site zinc binds an aldehyde,
polarizing it, and leading to the reverse reaction.
Length = 365
Score = 136 bits (345), Expect = 4e-38
Identities = 47/108 (43%), Positives = 61/108 (56%), Gaps = 2/108 (1%)
Query: 101 IECKAAVAWEPKKPLSLETIQVAPPKAGEVRIKIVSTAICHTDAYTLDGLDSEGKFPCVL 160
++ AAV EP P LE +++ P+ EV ++IV+T ICHTD DG P VL
Sbjct: 1 MKTTAAVVREPGGPFVLEDVELDDPRPDEVLVRIVATGICHTDLVVRDGGL-PTPLPAVL 59
Query: 161 GHEGSGIVESVGEGVTSVAPGDHVIPLYIPQCNECKFCKSSKTNLCTK 208
GHEG+G+VE+VG VT + PGDHV+ L C EC C S C
Sbjct: 60 GHEGAGVVEAVGSAVTGLKPGDHVV-LSFASCGECANCLSGHPAYCEN 106
>gnl|CDD|188504 TIGR03989, Rxyl_3153, oxidoreductase, Rxyl_3153 family. This model
describes a clade within the family pfam00107 of
zinc-binding dehydrogenases. The family pfam00107
contains class III alcohol dehydrogenases, including
enzymes designated S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione
dehydrogenase and NAD/mycothiol-dependent formaldehyde
dehydrogenase. Members of the current family occur only
in species that contain the very small protein
mycofactocin (TIGR03969), a possible cofactor precursor,
and radical SAM protein TIGR03962. We name this family
for Rxyl_3153, where the lone member of the family
co-clusters with these markers in Rubrobacter
xylanophilus [Unknown function, Enzymes of unknown
specificity].
Length = 369
Score = 128 bits (324), Expect = 5e-35
Identities = 47/103 (45%), Positives = 69/103 (66%)
Query: 104 KAAVAWEPKKPLSLETIQVAPPKAGEVRIKIVSTAICHTDAYTLDGLDSEGKFPCVLGHE 163
KAAV W P +P +E I++ PKAGEV +K+V++ +CH+D + + G ++P + GHE
Sbjct: 3 KAAVLWGPGQPWEVEEIELDDPKAGEVLVKLVASGLCHSDEHLVTGDLPMPRYPILGGHE 62
Query: 164 GSGIVESVGEGVTSVAPGDHVIPLYIPQCNECKFCKSSKTNLC 206
G+G+V VG GVT V PGDHV+ +IP C C++C + NLC
Sbjct: 63 GAGVVTKVGPGVTGVKPGDHVVLSFIPACGRCRWCSTGLQNLC 105
>gnl|CDD|223992 COG1064, AdhP, Zn-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases [General
function prediction only].
Length = 339
Score = 123 bits (312), Expect = 1e-33
Identities = 46/111 (41%), Positives = 60/111 (54%), Gaps = 3/111 (2%)
Query: 104 KAAVAWEPKKPLSLETIQVAPPKAGEVRIKIVSTAICHTDAYTLDGLDSEGKFPCVLGHE 163
KAAV + +PL +E + V P GEV IK+ + +CHTD + G K P + GHE
Sbjct: 5 KAAVLKKFGQPLEIEEVPVPEPGPGEVLIKVEACGVCHTDLHVAKGDWPVPKLPLIPGHE 64
Query: 164 GSGIVESVGEGVTSVAPGDHVI--PLYIPQCNECKFCKSSKTNLCTKIRTT 212
G V VGEGVT + GD V L I C EC++C+S NLC + T
Sbjct: 65 IVGTVVEVGEGVTGLKVGDRVGVGWLVIS-CGECEYCRSGNENLCPNQKIT 114
>gnl|CDD|176241 cd08281, liver_ADH_like1, Zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases
(ADH) and class III ADG (AKA formaldehyde
dehydrogenase). NAD(P)(H)-dependent oxidoreductases are
the major enzymes in the interconversion of alcohols and
aldehydes or ketones. This group contains members
identified as zinc dependent alcohol dehydrogenases
(ADH), and class III ADG (aka formaldehyde
dehydrogenase, FDH). Alcohol dehydrogenase in the liver
converts ethanol and NAD+ to acetaldehyde and NADH,
while in yeast and some other microorganisms ADH
catalyzes the conversion acetaldehyde to ethanol in
alcoholic fermentation. NAD(P)(H)-dependent
oxidoreductases are the major enzymes in the
interconversion of alcohols and aldehydes or ketones.
Alcohol dehydrogenase in the liver converts ethanol and
NAD+ to acetaldehyde and NADH, while in yeast and some
other microorganisms ADH catalyzes the conversion
acetaldehyde to ethanol in alcoholic fermentation.
Class III ADH are also know as glutathione-dependent
formaldehyde dehydrogenase (FDH), which convert
aldehydes to the corresponding carboxylic acid and
alcohol. ADH is a member of the medium chain alcohol
dehydrogenase family (MDR), which have a
NAD(P)(H)-binding domain in a Rossmann fold of a
beta-alpha form. The NAD(H)-binding region is comprised
of 2 structurally similar halves, each of which contacts
a mononucleotide. A GxGxxG motif after the first
mononucleotide contact half allows the close contact of
the coenzyme with the ADH backbone. The N-terminal
catalytic domain has a distant homology to GroES. These
proteins typically form dimers (typically higher plants,
mammals) or tetramers (yeast, bacteria), and have 2
tightly bound zinc atoms per subunit, a catalytic zinc
at the active site and a structural zinc in a lobe of
the catalytic domain. NAD(H) binding occurs in the
cleft between the catalytic and coenzyme-binding domains
at the active site, and coenzyme binding induces a
conformational closing of this cleft. Coenzyme binding
typically precedes and contributes to substrate binding.
In human ADH catalysis, the zinc ion helps coordinate
the alcohol, followed by deprotonation of a histidine,
the ribose of NAD, a serine, then the alcohol, which
allows the transfer of a hydride to NAD+, creating NADH
and a zinc-bound aldehyde or ketone. In yeast and some
bacteria, the active site zinc binds an aldehyde,
polarizing it, and leading to the reverse reaction.
Length = 371
Score = 117 bits (295), Expect = 7e-31
Identities = 38/95 (40%), Positives = 58/95 (61%), Gaps = 1/95 (1%)
Query: 113 KPLSLETIQVAPPKAGEVRIKIVSTAICHTDAYTLDGLDSEGKFPCVLGHEGSGIVESVG 172
+PL +E +++ PP GEV +KI + +CH+D ++G D P LGHE +G+V VG
Sbjct: 19 RPLVIEEVELDPPGPGEVLVKIAAAGLCHSDLSVING-DRPRPLPMALGHEAAGVVVEVG 77
Query: 173 EGVTSVAPGDHVIPLYIPQCNECKFCKSSKTNLCT 207
EGVT + GDHV+ +++P C C+ C + LC
Sbjct: 78 EGVTDLEVGDHVVLVFVPSCGHCRPCAEGRPALCE 112
>gnl|CDD|176224 cd08263, Zn_ADH10, Alcohol dehydrogenases of the MDR family.
NAD(P)(H)-dependent oxidoreductases are the major
enzymes in the interconversion of alcohols and
aldehydes, or ketones. Alcohol dehydrogenase in the
liver converts ethanol and NAD+ to acetaldehyde and
NADH, while in yeast and some other microorganisms ADH
catalyzes the conversion acetaldehyde to ethanol in
alcoholic fermentation. ADH is a member of the medium
chain alcohol dehydrogenase family (MDR), which have a
NAD(P)(H)-binding domain in a Rossmann fold of a
beta-alpha form. The NAD(H)-binding region is comprised
of 2 structurally similar halves, each of which contacts
a mononucleotide. A GxGxxG motif after the first
mononucleotide contact half allows the close contact of
the coenzyme with the ADH backbone. The N-terminal
catalytic domain has a distant homology to GroES. These
proteins typically form dimers (typically higher plants,
mammals) or tetramers (yeast, bacteria), and have 2
tightly bound zinc atoms per subunit, a catalytic zinc
at the active site and a structural zinc in a lobe of
the catalytic domain. NAD(H)-binding occurs in the
cleft between the catalytic and coenzyme-binding
domains at the active site, and coenzyme binding induces
a conformational closing of this cleft. Coenzyme binding
typically precedes and contributes to substrate binding.
In human ADH catalysis, the zinc ion helps coordinate
the alcohol, followed by deprotonation of a histidine,
the ribose of NAD, a serine, then the alcohol, which
allows the transfer of a hydride to NAD+, creating NADH
and a zinc-bound aldehyde or ketone. In yeast and some
bacteria, the active site zinc binds an aldehyde,
polarizing it, and leading to the reverse reaction.
Length = 367
Score = 116 bits (292), Expect = 1e-30
Identities = 50/148 (33%), Positives = 74/148 (50%), Gaps = 20/148 (13%)
Query: 104 KAAVAWEPKKPLSLETIQVAPPKAGEVRIKIVSTAICHTDAYTLDGLDSEGKFPCVLGHE 163
KAAV P PL++E I V PK GE+ I++ + +CH+D + L G + P VLGHE
Sbjct: 2 KAAVLKGPNPPLTIEEIPVPRPKEGEILIRVAACGVCHSDLHVLKG-ELPFPPPFVLGHE 60
Query: 164 GSGIVESVGEGVTS---VAPGDHVIPLYIPQCNECKFCKSSKTNLCTKI----------- 209
SG V VG V + ++ GD V+ +I C +C++C K NLC
Sbjct: 61 ISGEVVEVGPNVENPYGLSVGDRVVGSFIMPCGKCRYCARGKENLCEDFFAYNRLKGTLY 120
Query: 210 -RTTQLFLTSNVTISDFNMG----YSMT 232
TT+LF + ++MG Y++
Sbjct: 121 DGTTRLFRLDGGPVYMYSMGGLAEYAVV 148
>gnl|CDD|219758 pfam08240, ADH_N, Alcohol dehydrogenase GroES-like domain. This is
the catalytic domain of alcohol dehydrogenases. Many of
them contain an inserted zinc binding domain. This
domain has a GroES-like structure.
Length = 108
Score = 106 bits (266), Expect = 3e-29
Identities = 32/85 (37%), Positives = 47/85 (55%)
Query: 127 AGEVRIKIVSTAICHTDAYTLDGLDSEGKFPCVLGHEGSGIVESVGEGVTSVAPGDHVIP 186
GEV +++ + IC +D + G K P +LGHEG+GIVE VG GVT + GD V+
Sbjct: 1 PGEVLVRVKAAGICGSDLHIYRGEPPPVKLPLILGHEGAGIVEEVGPGVTGLKVGDRVVV 60
Query: 187 LYIPQCNECKFCKSSKTNLCTKIRT 211
+ C +C C+ + NLC +
Sbjct: 61 YPLIPCGKCAACREGRENLCPNGKF 85
>gnl|CDD|176220 cd08259, Zn_ADH5, Alcohol dehydrogenases of the MDR family.
NAD(P)(H)-dependent oxidoreductases are the major
enzymes in the interconversion of alcohols and
aldehydes, or ketones. This group contains proteins that
share the characteristic catalytic and structural
zinc-binding sites of the zinc-dependent alcohol
dehydrogenase family. Alcohol dehydrogenase in the
liver converts ethanol and NAD+ to acetaldehyde and
NADH, while in yeast and some other microorganisms ADH
catalyzes the conversion acetaldehyde to ethanol in
alcoholic fermentation. ADH is a member of the medium
chain alcohol dehydrogenase family (MDR), which have a
NAD(P)(H)-binding domain in a Rossmann fold of a
beta-alpha form. The NAD(H)-binding region is comprised
of 2 structurally similar halves, each of which contacts
a mononucleotide. A GxGxxG motif after the first
mononucleotide contact half allows the close contact of
the coenzyme with the ADH backbone. The N-terminal
catalytic domain has a distant homology to GroES. These
proteins typically form dimers (typically higher plants,
mammals) or tetramers (yeast, bacteria), and have 2
tightly bound zinc atoms per subunit, a catalytic zinc
at the active site and a structural zinc in a lobe of
the catalytic domain. NAD(H)-binding occurs in the cleft
between the catalytic and coenzyme-binding domains at
the active site, and coenzyme binding induces a
conformational closing of this cleft. Coenzyme binding
typically precedes and contributes to substrate binding.
In human ADH catalysis, the zinc ion helps coordinate
the alcohol, followed by deprotonation of a histidine
(His-51), the ribose of NAD, a serine (Ser-48), then the
alcohol, which allows the transfer of a hydride to NAD+,
creating NADH and a zinc-bound aldehyde or ketone. In
yeast and some bacteria, the active site zinc binds an
aldehyde, polarizing it, and leading to the reverse
reaction.
Length = 332
Score = 111 bits (280), Expect = 5e-29
Identities = 45/107 (42%), Positives = 59/107 (55%)
Query: 104 KAAVAWEPKKPLSLETIQVAPPKAGEVRIKIVSTAICHTDAYTLDGLDSEGKFPCVLGHE 163
KAA+ +P KPL +E + P GEV IK+ + +C+ D G GK+P +LGHE
Sbjct: 2 KAAILHKPNKPLQIEEVPDPEPGPGEVLIKVKAAGVCYRDLLFWKGFFPRGKYPLILGHE 61
Query: 164 GSGIVESVGEGVTSVAPGDHVIPLYIPQCNECKFCKSSKTNLCTKIR 210
G VE VGEGV PGD VI Y C +C++C S + NLC
Sbjct: 62 IVGTVEEVGEGVERFKPGDRVILYYYIPCGKCEYCLSGEENLCRNRA 108
>gnl|CDD|176207 cd08245, CAD, Cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenases (CAD) and related
proteins. Cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenases (CAD),
members of the medium chain dehydrogenase/reductase
family, reduce cinnamaldehydes to cinnamyl alcohols in
the last step of monolignal metabolism in plant cells
walls. CAD binds 2 zinc ions and is NADPH- dependent.
CAD family members are also found in non-plant species,
e.g. in yeast where they have an aldehyde reductase
activity. The medium chain dehydrogenases/reductase
(MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase-like family,
which contains the zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase
(ADH-Zn) and related proteins, is a diverse group of
proteins related to the first identified member, class I
mammalian ADH. MDRs display a broad range of activities
and are distinguished from the smaller short chain
dehydrogenases (~ 250 amino acids vs. the ~ 350 amino
acids of the MDR). The MDR proteins have 2 domains: a
C-terminal NAD(P) binding-Rossmann fold domain of a
beta-alpha form and an N-terminal catalytic domain with
distant homology to GroES. The MDR group contains a
host of activities, including the founding alcohol
dehydrogenase (ADH), quinone reductase, sorbitol
dehydrogenase, formaldehyde dehydrogenase, butanediol
DH, ketose reductase, cinnamyl reductase, and numerous
others. The zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs)
catalyze the NAD(P)(H)-dependent interconversion of
alcohols to aldehydes, or ketones. Active site zinc has
a catalytic role, while structural zinc aids in
stability. ADH-like proteins typically form dimers
(typically higher plants, mammals) or tetramers (yeast,
bacteria), and generally have 2 tightly bound zinc atoms
per subunit. The active site zinc is coordinated by a
histidine, two cysteines, and a water molecule. The
second zinc seems to play a structural role, affects
subunit interactions, and is typically coordinated by 4
cysteines.
Length = 330
Score = 103 bits (258), Expect = 7e-26
Identities = 43/110 (39%), Positives = 54/110 (49%), Gaps = 1/110 (0%)
Query: 104 KAAVAWEPKKPLSLETIQVAPPKAGEVRIKIVSTAICHTDAYTLDGLDSEGKFPCVLGHE 163
KAAV PL E + V P GEV IKI + +CHTD + +G K+P V GHE
Sbjct: 1 KAAVVHAAGGPLEPEEVPVPEPGPGEVLIKIEACGVCHTDLHAAEGDWGGSKYPLVPGHE 60
Query: 164 GSGIVESVGEGVTSVAPGDHV-IPLYIPQCNECKFCKSSKTNLCTKIRTT 212
G V VG GV GD V + + C C++C+ NLC K T
Sbjct: 61 IVGEVVEVGAGVEGRKVGDRVGVGWLVGSCGRCEYCRRGLENLCQKAVNT 110
>gnl|CDD|176187 cd05284, arabinose_DH_like, D-arabinose dehydrogenase. This group
contains arabinose dehydrogenase (AraDH) and related
alcohol dehydrogenases. AraDH is a member of the medium
chain dehydrogenase/reductase family and catalyzes the
NAD(P)-dependent oxidation of D-arabinose and other
pentoses, the initial step in the metabolism of
d-arabinose into 2-oxoglutarate. Like the alcohol
dehydrogenases, AraDH binds a zinc in the catalytic
cleft as well as a distal structural zinc. AraDH forms
homotetramers as a dimer of dimers. AraDH replaces a
conserved catalytic His with replace with Arg, compared
to the canonical ADH site. NAD(P)(H)-dependent
oxidoreductases are the major enzymes in the
interconversion of alcohols and aldehydes, or ketones.
Alcohol dehydrogenase in the liver converts ethanol and
NAD+ to acetaldehyde and NADH, while in yeast and some
other microorganisms ADH catalyzes the conversion
acetaldehyde to ethanol in alcoholic fermentation. ADH
is a member of the medium chain alcohol dehydrogenase
family (MDR), which has a NAD(P)(H)-binding domain in a
Rossmann fold of a beta-alpha form. The NAD(H)-binding
region is comprised of 2 structurally similar halves,
each of which contacts a mononucleotide. A GxGxxG motif
after the first mononucleotide contact half allows the
close contact of the coenzyme with the ADH backbone.
The N-terminal catalytic domain has a distant homology
to GroES. These proteins typically form dimers
(typically higher plants, mammals) or tetramers (yeast,
bacteria), and have 2 tightly bound zinc atoms per
subunit, a catalytic zinc at the active site and a
structural zinc in a lobe of the catalytic domain.
NAD(H) binding occurs in the cleft between the catalytic
and coenzyme-binding domains at the active site, and
coenzyme binding induces a conformational closing of
this cleft. Coenzyme binding typically precedes and
contributes to substrate binding. In human ADH
catalysis, the zinc ion helps coordinate the alcohol,
followed by deprotonation of a histidine, the ribose of
NAD, a serine, then the alcohol, which allows the
transfer of a hydride to NAD+, creating NADH and a
zinc-bound aldehyde or ketone. In yeast and some
bacteria, the active site zinc binds an aldehyde,
polarizing it, and leading to the reverse reaction.
Length = 340
Score = 101 bits (253), Expect = 4e-25
Identities = 40/107 (37%), Positives = 60/107 (56%), Gaps = 5/107 (4%)
Query: 104 KAAVAWEPKKPLSLETIQVAPPKAGEVRIKIVSTAICHTDAYTLDGL--DSEG-KFPCVL 160
KAA +E KPL LE + V P G+V +++ +CH+D + +DG+ K P L
Sbjct: 2 KAARLYEYGKPLRLEDVPVPEPGPGQVLVRVGGAGVCHSDLHVIDGVWGGILPYKLPFTL 61
Query: 161 GHEGSGIVESVGEGVTSVAPGDHVIPLYIPQ-CNECKFCKSSKTNLC 206
GHE +G VE VG GV + GD V+ ++ P C C++C+ + N C
Sbjct: 62 GHENAGWVEEVGSGVDGLKEGDPVV-VHPPWGCGTCRYCRRGEENYC 107
>gnl|CDD|132492 TIGR03451, mycoS_dep_FDH, S-(hydroxymethyl)mycothiol dehydrogenase.
Members of this protein family are mycothiol-dependent
formaldehyde dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.66). This protein
is found, so far, only in the Actinobacteria
(Mycobacterium sp., Streptomyces sp., Corynebacterium
sp., and related species), where mycothione replaces
glutathione [Cellular processes, Detoxification].
Length = 358
Score = 101 bits (252), Expect = 6e-25
Identities = 45/106 (42%), Positives = 63/106 (59%), Gaps = 3/106 (2%)
Query: 102 ECKAAVAWEPKKPLSLETIQVAPPKAGEVRIKIVSTAICHTD-AYTLDGLDSEGKFPCVL 160
+ +A P+ LETI V P GEV + I + +CHTD Y G++ E FP +L
Sbjct: 1 TVRGVIARSKGAPVELETIVVPDPGPGEVIVDIQACGVCHTDLHYREGGINDE--FPFLL 58
Query: 161 GHEGSGIVESVGEGVTSVAPGDHVIPLYIPQCNECKFCKSSKTNLC 206
GHE +G+VE+VGEGVT VAPGD+V+ + C +C+ CK + C
Sbjct: 59 GHEAAGVVEAVGEGVTDVAPGDYVVLNWRAVCGQCRACKRGRPWYC 104
>gnl|CDD|176196 cd08234, threonine_DH_like, L-threonine dehydrogenase. L-threonine
dehydrogenase (TDH) catalyzes the zinc-dependent
formation of 2-amino-3-ketobutyrate from L-threonine,
via NAD(H)-dependent oxidation. THD is a member of the
zinc-requiring, medium chain NAD(H)-dependent alcohol
dehydrogenase family (MDR). MDRs have a
NAD(P)(H)-binding domain in a Rossmann fold of a
beta-alpha form. NAD(P)(H)-dependent oxidoreductases are
the major enzymes in the interconversion of alcohols and
aldehydes, or ketones. The N-terminal region typically
has an all-beta catalytic domain. These proteins
typically form dimers (typically higher plants, mammals)
or tetramers (yeast, bacteria), and have 2 tightly
bound zinc atoms per subunit. Sorbitol and aldose
reductase are NAD(+) binding proteins of the polyol
pathway, which interconverts glucose and fructose.
Length = 334
Score = 98.8 bits (247), Expect = 3e-24
Identities = 39/108 (36%), Positives = 53/108 (49%), Gaps = 12/108 (11%)
Query: 104 KAAVAWEPKKPLSLETIQVAPPKAGEVRIKIVSTAICHTDAYTLDGLDSEGKFPCVLGHE 163
KA V +E L +E + V P EV IK+ + IC TD + +G + P V GHE
Sbjct: 2 KALV-YEGPGELEVEEVPVPEPGPDEVLIKVAACGICGTDLHIYEG-EFGAAPPLVPGHE 59
Query: 164 GSGIVESVGEGVTSVAPGDHV-----IPLYIPQCNECKFCKSSKTNLC 206
+G+V +VG VT GD V I C EC +C+ + NLC
Sbjct: 60 FAGVVVAVGSKVTGFKVGDRVAVDPNIY-----CGECFYCRRGRPNLC 102
>gnl|CDD|184316 PRK13771, PRK13771, putative alcohol dehydrogenase; Provisional.
Length = 334
Score = 98.6 bits (246), Expect = 4e-24
Identities = 37/104 (35%), Positives = 50/104 (48%), Gaps = 2/104 (1%)
Query: 104 KAAVAWEPKKPLSLETIQVAPPKAGEVRIKIVSTAICHTDAYTLDGLDSEGKFPCVLGHE 163
KA + K+ +E + P EV IK+ +C+ D L G K+P +LGHE
Sbjct: 2 KAVILPGFKQGYRIEEVPDPKPGKDEVVIKVNYAGLCYRDLLQLQGFYPRMKYPVILGHE 61
Query: 164 GSGIVESVGEGVTSVAPGDHVIPL-YIPQCNECKFCKSSKTNLC 206
G VE VGE V PGD V L Y P C++C+S + C
Sbjct: 62 VVGTVEEVGENVKGFKPGDRVASLLYAP-DGTCEYCRSGEEAYC 104
>gnl|CDD|176193 cd08231, MDR_TM0436_like, Hypothetical enzyme TM0436 resembles the
zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases (ADH). This group
contains the hypothetical TM0436 alcohol dehydrogenase
from Thermotoga maritima, proteins annotated as
5-exo-alcohol dehydrogenase, and other members of the
medium chain dehydrogenases/reductase
(MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase-like family.
MDR, which contains the zinc-dependent alcohol
dehydrogenase (ADH-Zn) and related proteins, is a
diverse group of proteins related to the first
identified member, class I mammalian ADH. MDRs display
a broad range of activities and are distinguished from
the smaller short chain dehydrogenases (~ 250 amino
acids vs. the ~ 350 amino acids of the MDR). The MDR
proteins have 2 domains: a C-terminal NAD(P)
binding-Rossmann fold domain of a beta-alpha form and an
N-terminal catalytic domain with distant homology to
GroES. The MDR group contains a host of activities,
including the founding alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH),
quinone reductase, sorbitol dehydrogenase, formaldehyde
dehydrogenase, butanediol DH, ketose reductase, cinnamyl
reductase, and numerous others. The zinc-dependent
alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs) catalyze the
NAD(P)(H)-dependent interconversion of alcohols to
aldehydes or ketones. Active site zinc has a catalytic
role, while structural zinc aids in stability.
Length = 361
Score = 98.5 bits (246), Expect = 5e-24
Identities = 32/110 (29%), Positives = 49/110 (44%), Gaps = 6/110 (5%)
Query: 103 CKAAVAWEPKKPLSLETIQVAPPKAGEVRIKIVSTAICHTDAYTLDGLDSEGKFPCVLGH 162
+AAV P KPL + + + + G V +++ +C +D +T+ G P +LGH
Sbjct: 1 ARAAVLTGPGKPLEIREVPLPDLEPGAVLVRVRLAGVCGSDVHTVAGRRPRVPLPIILGH 60
Query: 163 EGSGIVESVGEGVTS------VAPGDHVIPLYIPQCNECKFCKSSKTNLC 206
EG G V ++G GVT+ + GD V C C C C
Sbjct: 61 EGVGRVVALGGGVTTDVAGEPLKVGDRVTWSVGAPCGRCYRCLVGDPTKC 110
>gnl|CDD|176222 cd08261, Zn_ADH7, Alcohol dehydrogenases of the MDR family. This
group contains members identified as related to
zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase and other members
of the MDR family. The medium chain
dehydrogenases/reductase (MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol
dehydrogenase-like family, which contains the
zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH-Zn) and
related proteins, is a diverse group of proteins related
to the first identified member, class I mammalian ADH.
MDRs display a broad range of activities and are
distinguished from the smaller short chain
dehydrogenases (~ 250 amino acids vs. the ~ 350 amino
acids of the MDR). The MDR proteins have 2 domains: a
C-terminal NAD(P)-binding Rossmann fold domain of a
beta-alpha form and an N-terminal catalytic domain with
distant homology to GroES. The MDR group includes
various activities, including the founding alcohol
dehydrogenase (ADH), quinone reductase, sorbitol
dehydrogenase, formaldehyde dehydrogenase, butanediol
DH, ketose reductase, cinnamyl reductase, and numerous
others. The zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs)
catalyze the NAD(P)(H)-dependent interconversion of
alcohols to aldehydes or ketones. Active site zinc has a
catalytic role, while structural zinc aids in stability.
ADH-like proteins typically form dimers (typically
higher plants, mammals) or tetramers (yeast, bacteria),
and generally have 2 tightly bound zinc atoms per
subunit. The active site zinc is coordinated by a
histidine, two cysteines, and a water molecule. The
second zinc seems to play a structural role, affects
subunit interactions, and is typically coordinated by 4
cysteines.
Length = 337
Score = 97.3 bits (243), Expect = 1e-23
Identities = 38/103 (36%), Positives = 53/103 (51%), Gaps = 6/103 (5%)
Query: 113 KPLSLETIQVAPP--KAGEVRIKIVSTAICHTDAYTLDGLDSEGKFPCVLGHEGSGIVES 170
KP LE + + P AGEV +++ IC +D + G + +P +LGHE SG V
Sbjct: 8 KPGRLEVVDIPEPVPGAGEVLVRVKRVGICGSDLHIYHGRNPFASYPRILGHELSGEVVE 67
Query: 171 VGEGVTSVAPGDHV--IPLYIPQCNECKFCKSSKTNLCTKIRT 211
VGEGV + GD V P YI C EC C+ + N C ++
Sbjct: 68 VGEGVAGLKVGDRVVVDP-YIS-CGECYACRKGRPNCCENLQV 108
>gnl|CDD|176178 cd05188, MDR, Medium chain reductase/dehydrogenase
(MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase-like family.
The medium chain reductase/dehydrogenases
(MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase-like family,
which contains the zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase
(ADH-Zn) and related proteins, is a diverse group of
proteins related to the first identified member, class I
mammalian ADH. MDRs display a broad range of activities
and are distinguished from the smaller short chain
dehydrogenases (~ 250 amino acids vs. the ~ 350 amino
acids of the MDR). The MDR proteins have 2 domains: a
C-terminal NAD(P) binding-Rossmann fold domain of a
beta-alpha form and an N-terminal catalytic domain with
distant homology to GroES. The MDR group contains a
host of activities, including the founding alcohol
dehydrogenase (ADH) , quinone reductase, sorbitol
dehydrogenase, formaldehyde dehydrogenase, butanediol
DH, ketose reductase, cinnamyl reductase, and numerous
others. The zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs)
catalyze the NAD(P)(H)-dependent interconversion of
alcohols to aldehydes or ketones. ADH-like proteins
typically form dimers (typically higher plants, mammals)
or tetramers (yeast, bacteria), and generally have 2
tightly bound zinc atoms per subunit, a catalytic zinc
at the active site and a structural zinc in a lobe of
the catalytic domain. The active site zinc is
coordinated by a histidine, two cysteines, and a water
molecule. The second zinc seems to play a structural
role, affects subunit interactions, and is typically
coordinated by 4 cysteines. Other MDR members have only
a catalytic zinc, and some contain no coordinated zinc.
Length = 271
Score = 94.7 bits (236), Expect = 4e-23
Identities = 28/79 (35%), Positives = 40/79 (50%), Gaps = 1/79 (1%)
Query: 129 EVRIKIVSTAICHTDAYTLDGLDSEG-KFPCVLGHEGSGIVESVGEGVTSVAPGDHVIPL 187
EV +++ + +C TD + G K P +LGHEG+G+V VG GVT V GD V+ L
Sbjct: 1 EVLVRVEAAGLCGTDLHIRRGGYPPPPKLPLILGHEGAGVVVEVGPGVTGVKVGDRVVVL 60
Query: 188 YIPQCNECKFCKSSKTNLC 206
C C+ C+
Sbjct: 61 PNLGCGTCELCRELCPGGG 79
>gnl|CDD|176258 cd08298, CAD2, Cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenases (CAD). These
alcohol dehydrogenases are related to the cinnamyl
alcohol dehydrogenases (CAD), members of the medium
chain dehydrogenase/reductase family.
NAD(P)(H)-dependent oxidoreductases are the major
enzymes in the interconversion of alcohols and
aldehydes, or ketones. Cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenases
(CAD) reduce cinnamaldehydes to cinnamyl alcohols in the
last step of monolignal metabolism in plant cells walls.
CAD binds 2 zinc ions and is NADPH- dependent. CAD
family members are also found in non-plant species, e.g.
in yeast where they have an aldehyde reductase activity.
The medium chain dehydrogenases/reductase
(MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase-like family,
which contains the zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase
(ADH-Zn) and related proteins, is a diverse group of
proteins related to the first identified member, class I
mammalian ADH. MDRs display a broad range of activities
and are distinguished from the smaller short chain
dehydrogenases (~ 250 amino acids vs. the ~ 350 amino
acids of the MDR). The MDR proteins have 2 domains: a
C-terminal NAD(P) binding-Rossmann fold domain of a
beta-alpha form and an N-terminal catalytic domain with
distant homology to GroES. The MDR group contains a
host of activities, including the founding alcohol
dehydrogenase (ADH), quinone reductase, sorbitol
dehydrogenase, formaldehyde dehydrogenase, butanediol
DH, ketose reductase, cinnamyl reductase, and numerous
others. The zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs)
catalyze the NAD(P)(H)-dependent interconversion of
alcohols to aldehydes or ketones. Active site zinc has
a catalytic role, while structural zinc aids in
stability. ADH-like proteins typically form dimers
(typically higher plants, mammals) or tetramers (yeast,
bacteria), and generally have 2 tightly bound zinc atoms
per subunit. The active site zinc is coordinated by a
histidine, two cysteines, and a water molecule. The
second zinc seems to play a structural role, affects
subunit interactions, and is typically coordinated by 4
cysteines.
Length = 329
Score = 93.0 bits (232), Expect = 4e-22
Identities = 43/108 (39%), Positives = 59/108 (54%), Gaps = 5/108 (4%)
Query: 104 KAAVAWEPKK----PLSLETIQVAPPKAGEVRIKIVSTAICHTDAYTLDGLDSEGKFPCV 159
KA V +P PL L + V P GEV IK+ + +C TD + ++G K P +
Sbjct: 2 KAMVLEKPGPIEENPLRLTEVPVPEPGPGEVLIKVEACGVCRTDLHIVEGDLPPPKLPLI 61
Query: 160 LGHEGSGIVESVGEGVTSVAPGDHV-IPLYIPQCNECKFCKSSKTNLC 206
GHE G VE+VG GVT + GD V +P C EC++C+S + NLC
Sbjct: 62 PGHEIVGRVEAVGPGVTRFSVGDRVGVPWLGSTCGECRYCRSGRENLC 109
>gnl|CDD|176186 cd05283, CAD1, Cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenases (CAD). Cinnamyl
alcohol dehydrogenases (CAD), members of the medium
chain dehydrogenase/reductase family, reduce
cinnamaldehydes to cinnamyl alcohols in the last step of
monolignal metabolism in plant cells walls. CAD binds 2
zinc ions and is NADPH- dependent. CAD family members
are also found in non-plant species, e.g. in yeast where
they have an aldehyde reductase activity. The medium
chain dehydrogenases/reductase (MDR)/zinc-dependent
alcohol dehydrogenase-like family, which contains the
zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH-Zn) and
related proteins, is a diverse group of proteins related
to the first identified member, class I mammalian ADH.
MDRs display a broad range of activities and are
distinguished from the smaller short chain
dehydrogenases (~ 250 amino acids vs. the ~ 350 amino
acids of the MDR). The MDR proteins have 2 domains: a
C-terminal NAD(P) binding-Rossmann fold domain of a
beta-alpha form and an N-terminal catalytic domain with
distant homology to GroES. The MDR group contains a
host of activities, including the founding alcohol
dehydrogenase (ADH), quinone reductase, sorbitol
dehydrogenase, formaldehyde dehydrogenase, butanediol
DH, ketose reductase, cinnamyl reductase, and numerous
others. The zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases
(ADHs) catalyze the NAD(P)(H)-dependent interconversion
of alcohols to aldehydes or ketones. Active site zinc
has a catalytic role, while structural zinc aids in
stability. ADH-like proteins typically form dimers
(typically higher plants, mammals) or tetramers (yeast,
bacteria), and generally have 2 tightly bound zinc atoms
per subunit. The active site zinc is coordinated by a
histidine, two cysteines, and a water molecule. The
second zinc seems to play a structural role, affects
subunit interactions, and is typically coordinated by 4
cysteines.
Length = 337
Score = 92.9 bits (232), Expect = 4e-22
Identities = 38/110 (34%), Positives = 50/110 (45%), Gaps = 1/110 (0%)
Query: 104 KAAVAWEPKKPLSLETIQVAPPKAGEVRIKIVSTAICHTDAYTLDGLDSEGKFPCVLGHE 163
K A + L T + P +V IKI +CH+D +TL K+P V GHE
Sbjct: 1 KGYAARDASGKLEPFTFERRPLGPDDVDIKITYCGVCHSDLHTLRNEWGPTKYPLVPGHE 60
Query: 164 GSGIVESVGEGVTSVAPGDHV-IPLYIPQCNECKFCKSSKTNLCTKIRTT 212
GIV +VG VT GD V + + C C+ CKS + C K T
Sbjct: 61 IVGIVVAVGSKVTKFKVGDRVGVGCQVDSCGTCEQCKSGEEQYCPKGVVT 110
>gnl|CDD|176198 cd08236, sugar_DH, NAD(P)-dependent sugar dehydrogenases. This
group contains proteins identified as sorbitol
dehydrogenases and other sugar dehydrogenases of the
medium-chain dehydrogenase/reductase family (MDR), which
includes zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase and
related proteins. Sorbitol and aldose reductase are
NAD(+) binding proteins of the polyol pathway, which
interconverts glucose and fructose. Sorbitol
dehydrogenase is tetrameric and has a single catalytic
zinc per subunit. NAD(P)(H)-dependent oxidoreductases
are the major enzymes in the interconversion of alcohols
and aldehydes, or ketones. Related proteins include
threonine dehydrogenase, formaldehyde dehydrogenase, and
butanediol dehydrogenase. The medium chain alcohol
dehydrogenase family (MDR) has a NAD(P)(H)-binding
domain in a Rossmann fold of a beta-alpha form. The
N-terminal region typically has an all-beta catalytic
domain. These proteins typically form dimers (typically
higher plants, mammals) or tetramers (yeast, bacteria),
and have 2 tightly bound zinc atoms per subunit. Horse
liver alcohol dehydrogenase is a dimeric enzyme and each
subunit has two domains. The NAD binding domain is in a
Rossmann fold and the catalytic domain contains a zinc
ion to which substrates bind. There is a cleft between
the domains that closes upon formation of the ternary
complex.
Length = 343
Score = 91.9 bits (229), Expect = 1e-21
Identities = 43/109 (39%), Positives = 56/109 (51%), Gaps = 10/109 (9%)
Query: 104 KAAVAWEPKKPLSLETIQVAPPKAGEVRIKIVSTAICHTDAYTLDGLDSEGK--FPCVLG 161
KA V P L E I P GEV +K+ + IC +D + G P VLG
Sbjct: 2 KALVLTGPGD-LRYEDIPKPEPGPGEVLVKVKACGICGSD---IPRYLGTGAYHPPLVLG 57
Query: 162 HEGSGIVESVGEGVTSVAPGDHV--IPLYIPQCNECKFCKSSKTNLCTK 208
HE SG VE VG GV +A GD V PL +P C +C++CK + +LC+
Sbjct: 58 HEFSGTVEEVGSGVDDLAVGDRVAVNPL-LP-CGKCEYCKKGEYSLCSN 104
>gnl|CDD|176195 cd08233, butanediol_DH_like, (2R,3R)-2,3-butanediol dehydrogenase.
(2R,3R)-2,3-butanediol dehydrogenase, a zinc-dependent
medium chain alcohol dehydrogenase, catalyzes the
NAD(+)-dependent oxidation of (2R,3R)-2,3-butanediol and
meso-butanediol to acetoin. BDH functions as a
homodimer. NAD(P)(H)-dependent oxidoreductases are the
major enzymes in the interconversion of alcohols and
aldehydes, or ketones. The medium chain alcohol
dehydrogenase family (MDR) have a NAD(P)(H)-binding
domain in a Rossmann fold of a beta-alpha form. The
N-terminal region typically has an all-beta catalytic
domain. These proteins typically form dimers (typically
higher plants, mammals) or tetramers (yeast, bacteria),
and have 2 tightly bound zinc atoms per subunit.
Sorbitol and aldose reductase are NAD(+) binding
proteins of the polyol pathway, which interconverts
glucose and fructose. Sorbitol dehydrogenase is
tetrameric and has a single catalytic zinc per subunit.
Length = 351
Score = 91.4 bits (228), Expect = 2e-21
Identities = 41/118 (34%), Positives = 54/118 (45%), Gaps = 17/118 (14%)
Query: 106 AVAWEPKKPLSLETIQVAPPKAGEVRIKIVSTAICHTD--AYTLDG----------LDSE 153
A + +K + +E + P K GEV+IK+ IC +D Y LDG +
Sbjct: 3 AARYHGRKDIRVEEVPEPPVKPGEVKIKVAWCGICGSDLHEY-LDGPIFIPTEGHPHLTG 61
Query: 154 GKFPCVLGHEGSGIVESVGEGVTSVAPGDHVI--PLYIPQCNECKFCKSSKTNLCTKI 209
P LGHE SG+V VG GVT GD V+ P +C C CK NLC +
Sbjct: 62 ETAPVTLGHEFSGVVVEVGSGVTGFKVGDRVVVEPTI--KCGTCGACKRGLYNLCDSL 117
>gnl|CDD|176216 cd08254, hydroxyacyl_CoA_DH, 6-hydroxycyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxyl-CoA
dehydrogenase, N-benzyl-3-pyrrolidinol dehydrogenase,
and other MDR family members. This group contains
enzymes of the zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase
family, including members (aka MDR) identified as
6-hydroxycyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxyl-CoA dehydrogenase and
N-benzyl-3-pyrrolidinol dehydrogenase.
6-hydroxycyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxyl-CoA dehydrogenase
catalyzes the conversion of
6-Hydroxycyclohex-1-enecarbonyl-CoA and NAD+ to
6-Ketoxycyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxyl-CoA,NADH, and H+. This
group displays the characteristic catalytic and
structural zinc sites of the zinc-dependent alcohol
dehydrogenases. NAD(P)(H)-dependent oxidoreductases are
the major enzymes in the interconversion of alcohols and
aldehydes, or ketones. Alcohol dehydrogenase in the
liver converts ethanol and NAD+ to acetaldehyde and
NADH, while in yeast and some other microorganisms ADH
catalyzes the conversion acetaldehyde to ethanol in
alcoholic fermentation. ADH is a member of the medium
chain alcohol dehydrogenase family (MDR), which have a
NAD(P)(H)-binding domain in a Rossmann fold of a
beta-alpha form. The NAD(H)-binding region is comprised
of 2 structurally similar halves, each of which contacts
a mononucleotide. A GxGxxG motif after the first
mononucleotide contact half allows the close contact of
the coenzyme with the ADH backbone. The N-terminal
catalytic domain has a distant homology to GroES. These
proteins typically form dimers (typically higher plants,
mammals) or tetramers (yeast, bacteria), and have 2
tightly bound zinc atoms per subunit, a catalytic zinc
at the active site and a structural zinc in a lobe of
the catalytic domain. NAD(H)-binding occurs in the cleft
between the catalytic and coenzyme-binding domains at
the active site, and coenzyme binding induces a
conformational closing of this cleft. Coenzyme binding
typically precedes and contributes to substrate binding.
In human ADH catalysis, the zinc ion helps coordinate
the alcohol, followed by deprotonation of a histidine,
the ribose of NAD, a serine, then the alcohol, which
allows the transfer of a hydride to NAD+, creating NADH
and a zinc-bound aldehyde or ketone. In yeast and some
bacteria, the active site zinc binds an aldehyde,
polarizing it, and leading to the reverse reaction.
Length = 338
Score = 90.8 bits (226), Expect = 3e-21
Identities = 38/100 (38%), Positives = 52/100 (52%), Gaps = 1/100 (1%)
Query: 112 KKPLSLETIQVAPPKAGEVRIKIVSTAICHTDAYTLDG-LDSEGKFPCVLGHEGSGIVES 170
K L LE + V P GEV +K+ + +CH+D + LDG + + K P LGHE +G V
Sbjct: 11 KGLLVLEEVPVPEPGPGEVLVKVKAAGVCHSDLHILDGGVPTLTKLPLTLGHEIAGTVVE 70
Query: 171 VGEGVTSVAPGDHVIPLYIPQCNECKFCKSSKTNLCTKIR 210
VG GVT+ GD V + C C C+ + NLC
Sbjct: 71 VGAGVTNFKVGDRVAVPAVIPCGACALCRRGRGNLCLNQG 110
>gnl|CDD|176257 cd08297, CAD3, Cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenases (CAD). These
alcohol dehydrogenases are related to the cinnamyl
alcohol dehydrogenases (CAD), members of the medium
chain dehydrogenase/reductase family.
NAD(P)(H)-dependent oxidoreductases are the major
enzymes in the interconversion of alcohols and
aldehydes, or ketones. Cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenases
(CAD) reduce cinnamaldehydes to cinnamyl alcohols in the
last step of monolignal metabolism in plant cells walls.
CAD binds 2 zinc ions and is NADPH- dependent. CAD
family members are also found in non-plant species, e.g.
in yeast where they have an aldehyde reductase activity.
The medium chain dehydrogenases/reductase
(MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase-like family,
which contains the zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase
(ADH-Zn) and related proteins, is a diverse group of
proteins related to the first identified member, class I
mammalian ADH. MDRs display a broad range of activities
and are distinguished from the smaller short chain
dehydrogenases (~ 250 amino acids vs. the ~ 350 amino
acids of the MDR). The MDR proteins have 2 domains: a
C-terminal NAD(P) binding-Rossmann fold domain of a
beta-alpha form and an N-terminal catalytic domain with
distant homology to GroES. The MDR group contains a
host of activities, including the founding alcohol
dehydrogenase (ADH), quinone reductase, sorbitol
dehydrogenase, formaldehyde dehydrogenase, butanediol
DH, ketose reductase, cinnamyl reductase, and numerous
others. The zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs)
catalyze the NAD(P)(H)-dependent interconversion of
alcohols to aldehydes or ketones. Active site zinc has
a catalytic role, while structural zinc aids in
stability. ADH-like proteins typically form dimers
(typically higher plants, mammals) or tetramers (yeast,
bacteria), and generally have 2 tightly bound zinc atoms
per subunit. The active site zinc is coordinated by a
histidine, two cysteines, and a water molecule. The
second zinc seems to play a structural role, affects
subunit interactions, and is typically coordinated by 4
cysteines.
Length = 341
Score = 90.3 bits (225), Expect = 4e-21
Identities = 40/114 (35%), Positives = 64/114 (56%), Gaps = 5/114 (4%)
Query: 103 CKAAVAWEP-KKPLSLETIQVAPPKAGEVRIKIVSTAICHTDAYTLDG-LDSEGKFPCVL 160
KAAV E +KP ++ + V P GEV +K+ ++ +CHTD + G + K P +
Sbjct: 1 MKAAVVEEFGEKPYEVKDVPVPEPGPGEVLVKLEASGVCHTDLHAALGDWPVKPKLPLIG 60
Query: 161 GHEGSGIVESVGEGVTSVAPGDHV--IPLYIPQCNECKFCKSSKTNLCTKIRTT 212
GHEG+G+V +VG GV+ + GD V LY C +C++C++ LC + +
Sbjct: 61 GHEGAGVVVAVGPGVSGLKVGDRVGVKWLYDA-CGKCEYCRTGDETLCPNQKNS 113
>gnl|CDD|176188 cd05285, sorbitol_DH, Sorbitol dehydrogenase. Sorbitol and aldose
reductase are NAD(+) binding proteins of the polyol
pathway, which interconverts glucose and fructose.
Sorbitol dehydrogenase is tetrameric and has a single
catalytic zinc per subunit. Aldose reductase catalyzes
the NADP(H)-dependent conversion of glucose to sorbital,
and SDH uses NAD(H) in the conversion of sorbitol to
fructose. NAD(P)(H)-dependent oxidoreductases are the
major enzymes in the interconversion of alcohols and
aldehydes, or ketones. The medium chain alcohol
dehydrogenase family (MDR) have a NAD(P)(H)-binding
domain in a Rossmann fold of a beta-alpha form. The
N-terminal region typically has an all-beta catalytic
domain. These proteins typically form dimers (typically
higher plants, mammals) or tetramers (yeast, bacteria),
and have 2 tightly bound zinc atoms per subunit.
Length = 343
Score = 89.9 bits (224), Expect = 5e-21
Identities = 41/109 (37%), Positives = 54/109 (49%), Gaps = 17/109 (15%)
Query: 112 KKPLSLETIQVAPPKAGEVRIKIVSTAICHTDA-YTLDGLDSEGKF----PCVLGHEGSG 166
L LE + P GEV +++ + IC +D Y G G F P VLGHE +G
Sbjct: 7 PGDLRLEERPIPEPGPGEVLVRVRAVGICGSDVHYYKHG--RIGDFVVKEPMVLGHESAG 64
Query: 167 IVESVGEGVTSVAPGDHV-----IPLYIPQCNECKFCKSSKTNLCTKIR 210
V +VG GVT + GD V +P C C+FCKS + NLC +R
Sbjct: 65 TVVAVGSGVTHLKVGDRVAIEPGVP-----CRTCEFCKSGRYNLCPDMR 108
>gnl|CDD|223991 COG1063, Tdh, Threonine dehydrogenase and related Zn-dependent
dehydrogenases [Amino acid transport and metabolism /
General function prediction only].
Length = 350
Score = 89.4 bits (222), Expect = 1e-20
Identities = 35/128 (27%), Positives = 54/128 (42%), Gaps = 6/128 (4%)
Query: 104 KAAVAWEPKKPLSLETIQVAPPKAGEVRIKIVSTAICHTDAYTLDGLDSEGKFP-CVLGH 162
KAAV + + LE P G+V I++ +T IC +D + G + +LGH
Sbjct: 2 KAAVVYVGGGDVRLEEPPPPIPGPGDVLIRVTATGICGSDLHIYRGGEPFVPPGDIILGH 61
Query: 163 EGSGIVESVGEGVTSVAPGDHVIPLYIPQCNECKFCKSSKTNLCTKIRTTQLFLTSNVTI 222
E G V VG V GD V+ C C++C++ + NLC F
Sbjct: 62 EFVGEVVEVGV-VRGFKVGDRVVVEPNIPCGHCRYCRAGEYNLCENPG----FYGYAGLG 116
Query: 223 SDFNMGYS 230
+ G++
Sbjct: 117 GGIDGGFA 124
>gnl|CDD|176219 cd08258, Zn_ADH4, Alcohol dehydrogenases of the MDR family. This
group shares the zinc coordination sites of the
zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases. The medium chain
dehydrogenases/reductase (MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol
dehydrogenase-like family, which contains the
zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH-Zn) and
related proteins, is a diverse group of proteins related
to the first identified member, class I mammalian ADH.
MDRs display a broad range of activities and are
distinguished from the smaller short chain
dehydrogenases (~ 250 amino acids vs. the ~ 350 amino
acids of the MDR). The MDR proteins have 2 domains: a
C-terminal NAD(P)-binding Rossmann fold domain of an
beta-alpha form and an N-terminal catalytic domain with
distant homology to GroES. The MDR group contains a
host of activities, including the founding alcohol
dehydrogenase (ADH), quinone reductase, sorbitol
dehydrogenase, formaldehyde dehydrogenase, butanediol
DH, ketose reductase, cinnamyl reductase, and numerous
others. The zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs)
catalyze the NAD(P)(H)-dependent interconversion of
alcohols to aldehydes or ketones. Active site zinc has
a catalytic role, while structural zinc aids in
stability. ADH-like proteins typically form dimers
(typically higher plants, mammals) or tetramers (yeast,
bacteria), and generally have 2 tightly bound zinc atoms
per subunit. The active site zinc is coordinated by a
histidine, two cysteines, and a water molecule. The
second zinc seems to play a structural role, affects
subunit interactions, and is typically coordinated by 4
cysteines.
Length = 306
Score = 86.2 bits (214), Expect = 7e-20
Identities = 37/107 (34%), Positives = 50/107 (46%), Gaps = 4/107 (3%)
Query: 104 KAAVAWEPKKPLSLETIQVAPPKAG--EVRIKIVSTAICHTDAYTLDGLDSEGKFPCVLG 161
KA V P P ++E +V P+ G EV IK+ + IC +D + G + P VLG
Sbjct: 2 KALVKTGPG-PGNVELREVPEPEPGPGEVLIKVAAAGICGSDLHIYKGDYDPVETPVVLG 60
Query: 162 HEGSGIVESVGEGVTSVAPGDHVIPLYIPQ-CNECKFCKSSKTNLCT 207
HE SG + VG V GD V+ C C +C+ NLC
Sbjct: 61 HEFSGTIVEVGPDVEGWKVGDRVVSETTFSTCGRCPYCRRGDYNLCP 107
>gnl|CDD|176197 cd08235, iditol_2_DH_like, L-iditol 2-dehydrogenase. Putative
L-iditol 2-dehydrogenase based on annotation of some
members in this subgroup. L-iditol 2-dehydrogenase
catalyzes the NAD+-dependent conversion of L-iditol to
L-sorbose in fructose and mannose metabolism. This
enzyme is related to sorbitol dehydrogenase, alcohol
dehydrogenase, and other medium chain
dehydrogenase/reductases. The zinc-dependent alcohol
dehydrogenase (ADH-Zn)-like family of proteins is a
diverse group of proteins related to the first
identified member, class I mammalian ADH. This group is
also called the medium chain dehydrogenases/reductase
family (MDR) to highlight its broad range of activities
and to distinguish from the smaller short chain
dehydrogenases (~ 250 amino acids vs. the ~ 350 amino
acids of the MDR). The MDR proteins have 2 domains: a
C-terminal NAD(P) binding-Rossmann fold domain of a
beta-alpha form and an N-terminal GroES-like catalytic
domain. The MDR group contains a host of activities,
including the founding alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH),
quinone reductase, sorbitol dehydrogenase, formaldehyde
dehydrogenase, butanediol DH, ketose reductase, cinnamyl
reductase, and numerous others. The zinc-dependent
alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs) catalyze the
NAD(P)(H)-dependent interconversion of alcohols to
aldehydes or ketones. Active site zinc has a catalytic
role, while structural zinc aids in stability. ADH-like
proteins typically form dimers (typically higher
plants, mammals) or tetramers (yeast, bacteria), and
generally have 2 tightly bound zinc atoms per subunit.
The active site zinc is coordinated by a histidine, two
cysteines, and a water molecule. The second zinc seems
to play a structural role, affects subunit interactions,
and is typically coordinated by 4 cysteines.
Length = 343
Score = 86.1 bits (214), Expect = 1e-19
Identities = 38/113 (33%), Positives = 54/113 (47%), Gaps = 11/113 (9%)
Query: 104 KAAVAWEPKKPLSLETIQVAPPKAGEVRIKIVSTAICHTDAYTLDGLDSEGKFPCVLGHE 163
KAAV + LE + V P GEV +K+ + IC TD + G ++ K P +LGHE
Sbjct: 2 KAAV-LHGPNDVRLEEVPVPEPGPGEVLVKVRACGICGTDVKKIRGGHTDLKPPRILGHE 60
Query: 164 GSGIVESVGEGVTSVAPGD-----HVIPLYIPQCNECKFCKSSKTNLCTKIRT 211
+G + VG+GVT GD +P C EC +C N+C +
Sbjct: 61 IAGEIVEVGDGVTGFKVGDRVFVAPHVP-----CGECHYCLRGNENMCPNYKK 108
>gnl|CDD|176202 cd08240, 6_hydroxyhexanoate_dh_like, 6-hydroxyhexanoate
dehydrogenase. 6-hydroxyhexanoate dehydrogenase, an
enzyme of the zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase-like
family of medium chain dehydrogenases/reductases
catalyzes the conversion of 6-hydroxyhexanoate and
NAD(+) to 6-oxohexanoate + NADH and H+.
NAD(P)(H)-dependent oxidoreductases are the major
enzymes in the interconversion of alcohols and
aldehydes, or ketones. Alcohol dehydrogenase in the
liver converts ethanol and NAD+ to acetaldehyde and
NADH, while in yeast and some other microorganisms ADH
catalyzes the conversion acetaldehyde to ethanol in
alcoholic fermentation. ADH is a member of the medium
chain alcohol dehydrogenase family (MDR), which has a
NAD(P)(H)-binding domain in a Rossmann fold of a
beta-alpha form. The NAD(H)-binding region is comprised
of 2 structurally similar halves, each of which contacts
a mononucleotide. A GxGxxG motif after the first
mononucleotide contact half allows the close contact of
the coenzyme with the ADH backbone. The N-terminal
catalytic domain has a distant homology to GroES. These
proteins typically form dimers (typically higher plants,
mammals) or tetramers (yeast, bacteria), and have 2
tightly bound zinc atoms per subunit, a catalytic zinc
at the active site and a structural zinc in a lobe of
the catalytic domain. NAD(H)-binding occurs in the
cleft between the catalytic and coenzyme-binding
domains, at the active site, and coenzyme binding
induces a conformational closing of this cleft. Coenzyme
binding typically precedes and contributes to substrate
binding. In human ADH catalysis, the zinc ion helps
coordinate the alcohol, followed by deprotonation of a
histidine, the ribose of NAD, a serine, then the
alcohol, which allows the transfer of a hydride to NAD+,
creating NADH and a zinc-bound aldehyde or ketone. In
yeast and some bacteria, the active site zinc binds an
aldehyde, polarizing it, and leading to the reverse
reaction.
Length = 350
Score = 85.4 bits (212), Expect = 2e-19
Identities = 47/121 (38%), Positives = 57/121 (47%), Gaps = 16/121 (13%)
Query: 104 KAAVAWEPKKPLSLETIQVAPPKAGEVRIKIVSTAICHTDAYTLDG-----------LDS 152
KAA EP KPL I P EV +K+ + +CH+D + DG LD
Sbjct: 2 KAAAVVEPGKPLEEVEIDTPKPPGTEVLVKVTACGVCHSDLHIWDGGYDLGGGKTMSLDD 61
Query: 153 EG-KFPCVLGHEGSGIVESVGEGVTSVAPGDHVIPLYIP--QCNECKFCKSSKTNLCTKI 209
G K P VLGHE G V +VG V GD V+ +Y P C EC C + NLC K
Sbjct: 62 RGVKLPLVLGHEIVGEVVAVGPDAADVKVGDKVL-VY-PWIGCGECPVCLAGDENLCAKG 119
Query: 210 R 210
R
Sbjct: 120 R 120
>gnl|CDD|176194 cd08232, idonate-5-DH, L-idonate 5-dehydrogenase. L-idonate
5-dehydrogenase (L-ido 5-DH ) catalyzes the conversion
of L-lodonate to 5-ketogluconate in the metabolism of
L-Idonate to 6-P-gluconate. In E. coli, this GntII
pathway is a subsidiary pathway to the canonical GntI
system, which also phosphorylates and transports
gluconate. L-ido 5-DH is found in an operon with a
regulator indR, transporter idnT, 5-keto-D-gluconate
5-reductase, and Gnt kinase. L-ido 5-DH is a
zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase-like protein. The
alcohol dehydrogenase ADH-like family of proteins is a
diverse group of proteins related to the first
identified member, class I mammalian ADH. This group is
also called the medium chain dehydrogenases/reductase
family (MDR) which displays a broad range of activities
and are distinguished from the smaller short chain
dehydrogenases(~ 250 amino acids vs. the ~ 350 amino
acids of the MDR). The MDR proteins have 2 domains: a
C-terminal NAD(P) binding-Rossmann fold domain of a
beta-alpha form and an N-terminal GroES-like catalytic
domain. The MDR group contains a host of activities,
including the founding alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH),
quinone reductase, sorbitol dehydrogenase, formaldehyde
dehydrogenase, butanediol DH, ketose reductase, cinnamyl
reductase, and numerous others. The zinc-dependent
alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs) catalyze the
NAD(P)(H)-dependent interconversion of alcohols to
aldehydes or ketones. ADH-like proteins typically form
dimers (typically higher plants, mammals) or tetramers
(yeast, bacteria), and generally have 2 tightly bound
zinc atoms per subunit. The active site zinc is
coordinated by a histidine, two cysteines, and a water
molecule. The second zinc seems to play a structural
role, affects subunit interactions, and is typically
coordinated by 4 cysteines.
Length = 339
Score = 83.1 bits (206), Expect = 2e-18
Identities = 39/107 (36%), Positives = 54/107 (50%), Gaps = 13/107 (12%)
Query: 112 KKPLSLETIQVAPPKAGEVRIKIVSTAICHTD-AYTLDGL--DSEGKFPCVLGHEGSGIV 168
L +E P GEVR+++ + IC +D Y G + P VLGHE SG+V
Sbjct: 6 AGDLRVEERPAPEPGPGEVRVRVAAGGICGSDLHYYQHGGFGTVRLREPMVLGHEVSGVV 65
Query: 169 ESVGEGVTSVAPGDHVI-----PLYIPQCNECKFCKSSKTNLCTKIR 210
E+VG GVT +APG V P C C +C++ + NLC +R
Sbjct: 66 EAVGPGVTGLAPGQRVAVNPSRP-----CGTCDYCRAGRPNLCLNMR 107
>gnl|CDD|176201 cd08239, THR_DH_like, L-threonine dehydrogenase (TDH)-like.
MDR/AHD-like proteins, including a protein annotated as
a threonine dehydrogenase. L-threonine dehydrogenase
(TDH) catalyzes the zinc-dependent formation of
2-amino-3-ketobutyrate from L-threonine via
NAD(H)-dependent oxidation. The zinc-dependent alcohol
dehydrogenases (ADHs) catalyze the NAD(P)(H)-dependent
interconversion of alcohols to aldehydes or ketones.
Zinc-dependent ADHs are medium chain
dehydrogenase/reductase type proteins (MDRs) and have a
NAD(P)(H)-binding domain in a Rossmann fold of an
beta-alpha form. The N-terminal region typically has an
all-beta catalytic domain. In addition to alcohol
dehydrogenases, this group includes quinone reductase,
sorbitol dehydrogenase, formaldehyde dehydrogenase,
butanediol DH, ketose reductase, cinnamyl reductase, and
numerous others. These proteins typically form dimers
(typically higher plants, mammals) or tetramers (yeast,
bacteria), and generally have 2 tightly bound zinc atoms
per subunit. The active site zinc is coordinated by a
histidine, two cysteines, and a water molecule. The
second zinc seems to play a structural role, affects
subunit interactions, and is typically coordinated by 4
cysteines.
Length = 339
Score = 81.2 bits (201), Expect = 9e-18
Identities = 29/94 (30%), Positives = 46/94 (48%), Gaps = 1/94 (1%)
Query: 115 LSLETIQVAPPKAGEVRIKIVSTAICHTD-AYTLDGLDSEGKFPCVLGHEGSGIVESVGE 173
+ L V P GEV +++ ++ +C +D Y G + + GHE +G+V +VG
Sbjct: 12 VELREFPVPVPGPGEVLLRVKASGLCGSDLHYYYHGHRAPAYQGVIPGHEPAGVVVAVGP 71
Query: 174 GVTSVAPGDHVIPLYIPQCNECKFCKSSKTNLCT 207
GVT GD V+ + C C+ C+ LCT
Sbjct: 72 GVTHFRVGDRVMVYHYVGCGACRNCRRGWMQLCT 105
>gnl|CDD|176221 cd08260, Zn_ADH6, Alcohol dehydrogenases of the MDR family.
NAD(P)(H)-dependent oxidoreductases are the major
enzymes in the interconversion of alcohols and
aldehydes, or ketones. This group has the characteristic
catalytic and structural zinc sites of the
zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases. Alcohol
dehydrogenase in the liver converts ethanol and NAD+ to
acetaldehyde and NADH, while in yeast and some other
microorganisms ADH catalyzes the conversion acetaldehyde
to ethanol in alcoholic fermentation. ADH is a member of
the medium chain alcohol dehydrogenase family (MDR),
which has a NAD(P)(H)-binding domain in a Rossmann fold
of a beta-alpha form. The NAD(H)-binding region is
comprised of 2 structurally similar halves, each of
which contacts a mononucleotide. A GxGxxG motif after
the first mononucleotide contact half allows the close
contact of the coenzyme with the ADH backbone. The
N-terminal catalytic domain has a distant homology to
GroES. These proteins typically form dimers (typically
higher plants, mammals) or tetramers (yeast, bacteria),
and have 2 tightly bound zinc atoms per subunit, a
catalytic zinc at the active site and a structural zinc
in a lobe of the catalytic domain. NAD(H)-binding occurs
in the cleft between the catalytic and coenzyme-binding
domains at the active site, and coenzyme binding induces
a conformational closing of this cleft. Coenzyme binding
typically precedes and contributes to substrate binding.
In human ADH catalysis, the zinc ion helps coordinate
the alcohol, followed by deprotonation of a histidine,
the ribose of NAD, a serine, then the alcohol, which
allows the transfer of a hydride to NAD+, creating NADH
and a zinc-bound aldehyde or ketone. In yeast and some
bacteria, the active site zinc binds an aldehyde,
polarizing it, and leading to the reverse reaction.
Length = 345
Score = 81.1 bits (201), Expect = 9e-18
Identities = 31/103 (30%), Positives = 53/103 (51%)
Query: 104 KAAVAWEPKKPLSLETIQVAPPKAGEVRIKIVSTAICHTDAYTLDGLDSEGKFPCVLGHE 163
+AAV E +PL + + P V +++ + +C +D + G D + P V GHE
Sbjct: 2 RAAVYEEFGEPLEIREVPDPEPPPDGVVVEVEACGVCRSDWHGWQGHDPDVTLPHVPGHE 61
Query: 164 GSGIVESVGEGVTSVAPGDHVIPLYIPQCNECKFCKSSKTNLC 206
+G+V VGE V+ GD V ++ C C +C++ +N+C
Sbjct: 62 FAGVVVEVGEDVSRWRVGDRVTVPFVLGCGTCPYCRAGDSNVC 104
>gnl|CDD|176243 cd08283, FDH_like_1, Glutathione-dependent formaldehyde
dehydrogenase related proteins, child 1. Members
identified as glutathione-dependent formaldehyde
dehydrogenase(FDH), a member of the
zinc-dependent/medium chain alcohol dehydrogenase
family. FDH converts formaldehyde and NAD(P) to formate
and NAD(P)H. The initial step in this process the
spontaneous formation of a S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione
adduct from formaldehyde and glutathione, followed by
FDH-mediated oxidation (and detoxification) of the
adduct to S-formylglutathione. MDH family uses NAD(H)
as a cofactor in the interconversion of alcohols and
aldehydes, or ketones. Like many zinc-dependent alcohol
dehydrogenases (ADH) of the medium chain alcohol
dehydrogenase/reductase family (MDR), these FDHs form
dimers, with 4 zinc ions per dimer. The medium chain
alcohol dehydrogenase family (MDR) has a
NAD(P)(H)-binding domain in a Rossmann fold of a
beta-alpha form. The N-terminal region typically has an
all-beta catalytic domain. These proteins typically form
dimers (typically higher plants, mammals) or tetramers
(yeast, bacteria), and have 2 tightly bound zinc atoms
per subunit.
Length = 386
Score = 79.5 bits (197), Expect = 4e-17
Identities = 33/104 (31%), Positives = 51/104 (49%), Gaps = 5/104 (4%)
Query: 106 AVAWEPKKPLSLETIQVAPPK---AGEVRIKIVSTAICHTDAYTLDGLDSEGKFPCVLGH 162
A+ W K + +E V PK + +++ +TAIC +D + G K +LGH
Sbjct: 3 ALVWHGKGDVRVEE--VPDPKIEDPTDAIVRVTATAICGSDLHLYHGYIPGMKKGDILGH 60
Query: 163 EGSGIVESVGEGVTSVAPGDHVIPLYIPQCNECKFCKSSKTNLC 206
E G+VE VG V ++ GD V+ + C EC +CK + C
Sbjct: 61 EFMGVVEEVGPEVRNLKVGDRVVVPFTIACGECFYCKRGLYSQC 104
>gnl|CDD|176184 cd05281, TDH, Threonine dehydrogenase. L-threonine dehydrogenase
(TDH) catalyzes the zinc-dependent formation of
2-amino-3-ketobutyrate from L-threonine via NAD(H)-
dependent oxidation. THD is a member of the
zinc-requiring, medium chain NAD(H)-dependent alcohol
dehydrogenase family (MDR). MDRs have a
NAD(P)(H)-binding domain in a Rossmann fold of a
beta-alpha form. NAD(P)(H)-dependent oxidoreductases are
the major enzymes in the interconversion of alcohols and
aldehydes, or ketones. The N-terminal region typically
has an all-beta catalytic domain. These proteins
typically form dimers (typically higher plants, mammals)
or tetramers (yeast, bacteria) and have 2 tightly bound
zinc atoms per subunit. Sorbitol and aldose reductase
are NAD(+) binding proteins of the polyol pathway, which
interconverts glucose and fructose.
Length = 341
Score = 78.8 bits (195), Expect = 5e-17
Identities = 43/116 (37%), Positives = 57/116 (49%), Gaps = 15/116 (12%)
Query: 104 KAAVAWEPKKPLSLETIQVAPPKAGEVRIKIVSTAICHTDA--YTLDGL-DSEGKFPCVL 160
KA V + L + V P GEV IK+++ +IC TD Y D S K P +
Sbjct: 2 KAIVKTKAGPGAELVEVPVPKPGPGEVLIKVLAASICGTDVHIYEWDEWAQSRIKPPLIF 61
Query: 161 GHEGSGIVESVGEGVTSVAPGDHV-----IPLYIPQCNECKFCKSSKTNLC--TKI 209
GHE +G V VGEGVT V GD+V I C +C C++ ++C TKI
Sbjct: 62 GHEFAGEVVEVGEGVTRVKVGDYVSAETHIV-----CGKCYQCRTGNYHVCQNTKI 112
>gnl|CDD|176227 cd08266, Zn_ADH_like1, Alcohol dehydrogenases of the MDR family.
This group contains proteins related to the
zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases. However, while
the group has structural zinc site characteristic of
these enzymes, it lacks the consensus site for a
catalytic zinc. NAD(P)(H)-dependent oxidoreductases are
the major enzymes in the interconversion of alcohols and
aldehydes, or ketones. Alcohol dehydrogenase in the
liver converts ethanol and NAD+ to acetaldehyde and
NADH, while in yeast and some other microorganisms ADH
catalyzes the conversion acetaldehyde to ethanol in
alcoholic fermentation. ADH is a member of the medium
chain alcohol dehydrogenase family (MDR), which has a
NAD(P)(H)-binding domain in a Rossmann fold of a
beta-alpha form. The NAD(H)-binding region is comprised
of 2 structurally similar halves, each of which contacts
a mononucleotide. A GxGxxG motif after the first
mononucleotide contact half allows the close contact of
the coenzyme with the ADH backbone. The N-terminal
catalytic domain has a distant homology to GroES. These
proteins typically form dimers (typically higher plants,
mammals) or tetramers (yeast, bacteria), and have 2
tightly bound zinc atoms per subunit, a catalytic zinc
at the active site, and a structural zinc in a lobe of
the catalytic domain. NAD(H)-binding occurs in the cleft
between the catalytic and coenzyme-binding domains at
the active site, and coenzyme binding induces a
conformational closing of this cleft. Coenzyme binding
typically precedes and contributes to substrate binding.
In human ADH catalysis, the zinc ion helps coordinate
the alcohol, followed by deprotonation of a histidine,
the ribose of NAD, a serine, then the alcohol, which
allows the transfer of a hydride to NAD+, creating NADH
and a zinc-bound aldehyde or ketone. In yeast and some
bacteria, the active site zinc binds an aldehyde,
polarizing it, and leading to the reverse reaction.
Length = 342
Score = 78.1 bits (193), Expect = 1e-16
Identities = 31/99 (31%), Positives = 52/99 (52%), Gaps = 5/99 (5%)
Query: 115 LSLETIQVAPPKAGEVRIKIVSTAICHTDAYTLDGLD-SEGKFPCVLGHEGSGIVESVGE 173
L + P EV +++ + A+ H D + G+ + P +LG +G+G+VE+VG
Sbjct: 15 LEYGDLPEPEPGPDEVLVRVKAAALNHLDLWVRRGMPGIKLPLPHILGSDGAGVVEAVGP 74
Query: 174 GVTSVAPGDHVI--PLYIPQCNECKFCKSSKTNLCTKIR 210
GVT+V PG V+ P C C++C + + NLC +
Sbjct: 75 GVTNVKPGQRVVIYPGI--SCGRCEYCLAGRENLCAQYG 111
>gnl|CDD|176256 cd08296, CAD_like, Cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenases (CAD). Cinnamyl
alcohol dehydrogenases (CAD), members of the medium
chain dehydrogenase/reductase family, reduce
cinnamaldehydes to cinnamyl alcohols in the last step of
monolignal metabolism in plant cells walls. CAD binds 2
zinc ions and is NADPH- dependent. CAD family members
are also found in non-plant species, e.g. in yeast where
they have an aldehyde reductase activity. The medium
chain dehydrogenases/reductase (MDR)/zinc-dependent
alcohol dehydrogenase-like family, which contains the
zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH-Zn) and
related proteins, is a diverse group of proteins related
to the first identified member, class I mammalian ADH.
MDRs display a broad range of activities and are
distinguished from the smaller short chain
dehydrogenases (~ 250 amino acids vs. the ~ 350 amino
acids of the MDR). The MDR proteins have 2 domains: a
C-terminal NAD(P) binding-Rossmann fold domain of a
beta-alpha form and an N-terminal catalytic domain with
distant homology to GroES. The MDR group contains a
host of activities, including the founding alcohol
dehydrogenase (ADHs), quinone reductase, sorbitol
dehydrogenase, formaldehyde dehydrogenase, butanediol
DH, ketose reductase, cinnamyl reductase, and numerous
others. The zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs)
catalyze the NAD(P)(H)-dependent interconversion of
alcohols to aldehydes or ketones. Active site zinc has
a catalytic role, while structural zinc aids in
stability. ADH-like proteins typically form dimers
(typically higher plants, mammals) or tetramers (yeast,
bacteria), and generally have 2 tightly bound zinc atoms
per subunit. The active site zinc is coordinated by a
histidine, two cysteines, and a water molecule. The
second zinc seems to play a structural role, affects
subunit interactions, and is typically coordinated by 4
cysteines.
Length = 333
Score = 77.7 bits (192), Expect = 1e-16
Identities = 38/110 (34%), Positives = 53/110 (48%), Gaps = 1/110 (0%)
Query: 104 KAAVAWEPKKPLSLETIQVAPPKAGEVRIKIVSTAICHTDAYTLDGLDSEGKFPCVLGHE 163
KA EP PL L V P GEV IK+ + +CH+DA+ +G +P V GHE
Sbjct: 2 KAVQVTEPGGPLELVERDVPLPGPGEVLIKVEACGVCHSDAFVKEGAMPGLSYPRVPGHE 61
Query: 164 GSGIVESVGEGVTSVAPGDHV-IPLYIPQCNECKFCKSSKTNLCTKIRTT 212
G +++VGEGV+ GD V + + C C C+ C + T
Sbjct: 62 VVGRIDAVGEGVSRWKVGDRVGVGWHGGHCGTCDACRRGDFVHCENGKVT 111
>gnl|CDD|176181 cd05278, FDH_like, Formaldehyde dehydrogenases. Formaldehyde
dehydrogenase (FDH) is a member of the
zinc-dependent/medium chain alcohol dehydrogenase
family. Formaldehyde dehydrogenase (aka ADH3) may be
the ancestral form of alcohol dehydrogenase, which
evolved to detoxify formaldehyde. This CD contains
glutathione dependant FDH, glutathione independent FDH,
and related alcohol dehydrogenases. FDH converts
formaldehyde and NAD(P) to formate and NAD(P)H. The
initial step in this process the spontaneous formation
of a S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione adduct from
formaldehyde and glutathione, followed by FDH-mediated
oxidation (and detoxification) of the adduct to
S-formylglutathione. Unlike typical FDH, Pseudomonas
putida aldehyde-dismutating FDH (PFDH) is
glutathione-independent. The medium chain alcohol
dehydrogenase family (MDR) have a NAD(P)(H)-binding
domain in a Rossmann fold of a beta-alpha form. The
N-terminal region typically has an all-beta catalytic
domain. These proteins typically form dimers (typically
higher plants, mammals) or tetramers (yeast, bacteria),
and have 2 tightly bound zinc atoms per subunit.
Length = 347
Score = 77.7 bits (192), Expect = 2e-16
Identities = 33/108 (30%), Positives = 47/108 (43%), Gaps = 6/108 (5%)
Query: 104 KAAVAWEPKKPLSLETIQVAPPK---AGEVRIKIVSTAICHTDAYTLDGLDSEGKFPCVL 160
KA V P K + +V PK + +++ +T+IC +D + G K +L
Sbjct: 2 KALVYLGPGK---IGLEEVPDPKIQGPHDAIVRVTATSICGSDLHIYRGGVPGAKHGMIL 58
Query: 161 GHEGSGIVESVGEGVTSVAPGDHVIPLYIPQCNECKFCKSSKTNLCTK 208
GHE G V VG V + PGD V I C C+FC+ C
Sbjct: 59 GHEFVGEVVEVGSDVKRLKPGDRVSVPCITFCGRCRFCRRGYHAHCEN 106
>gnl|CDD|176191 cd05289, MDR_like_2, alcohol dehydrogenase and quinone
reductase-like medium chain degydrogenases/reductases.
Members identified as zinc-dependent alcohol
dehydrogenases and quinone oxidoreductase. QOR catalyzes
the conversion of a quinone + NAD(P)H to a hydroquinone
+ NAD(P)+. Quinones are cyclic diones derived from
aromatic compounds. Membrane bound QOR actin the
respiratory chains of bacteria and mitochondria, while
soluble QOR acts to protect from toxic quinones (e.g.
DT-diaphorase) or as a soluble eye-lens protein in some
vertebrates (e.g. zeta-crystalin). QOR reduces quinones
through a semi-quinone intermediate via a
NAD(P)H-dependent single electron transfer. QOR is a
member of the medium chain dehydrogenase/reductase
family, but lacks the zinc-binding sites of the
prototypical alcohol dehydrogenases of this group.
NAD(P)(H)-dependent oxidoreductases are the major
enzymes in the interconversion of alcohols and
aldehydes, or ketones. Alcohol dehydrogenase in the
liver converts ethanol and NAD+ to acetaldehyde and
NADH, while in yeast and some other microorganisms ADH
catalyzes the conversion acetaldehyde to ethanol in
alcoholic fermentation. ADH is a member of the medium
chain alcohol dehydrogenase family (MDR), which has a
NAD(P)(H)-binding domain in a Rossmann fold of a
beta-alpha form. The NAD(H)-binding region is comprised
of 2 structurally similar halves, each of which contacts
a mononucleotide. A GxGxxG motif after the first
mononucleotide contact half allows the close contact of
the coenzyme with the ADH backbone. The N-terminal
catalytic domain has a distant homology to GroES. These
proteins typically form dimers (typically higher plants,
mammals) or tetramers (yeast, bacteria), and have 2
tightly bound zinc atoms per subunit, a catalytic zinc
at the active site and a structural zinc in a lobe of
the catalytic domain. NAD(H) binding occurs in the
cleft between the catalytic and coenzyme-binding domains
at the active site, and coenzyme binding induces a
conformational closing of this cleft. Coenzyme binding
typically precedes and contributes to substrate binding.
In human ADH catalysis, the zinc ion helps coordinate
the alcohol, followed by deprotonation of a histidine,
the ribose of NAD, a serine, then the alcohol, which
allows the transfer of a hydride to NAD+, creating NADH
and a zinc-bound aldehyde or ketone. In yeast and some
bacteria, the active site zinc binds an aldehyde,
polarizing it, and leading to the reverse reaction.
Length = 309
Score = 76.8 bits (190), Expect = 2e-16
Identities = 28/87 (32%), Positives = 39/87 (44%), Gaps = 5/87 (5%)
Query: 104 KAAVAWEPKKPLSLETIQVAPPKA--GEVRIKIVSTAICHTDAYTLDGLDSEG---KFPC 158
KA E P LE V P+ GEV +K+ + + D +GL P
Sbjct: 2 KAVRIHEYGGPEVLELADVPTPEPGPGEVLVKVHAAGVNPVDLKIREGLLKAAFPLTLPL 61
Query: 159 VLGHEGSGIVESVGEGVTSVAPGDHVI 185
+ GH+ +G+V +VG GVT GD V
Sbjct: 62 IPGHDVAGVVVAVGPGVTGFKVGDEVF 88
>gnl|CDD|223677 COG0604, Qor, NADPH:quinone reductase and related Zn-dependent
oxidoreductases [Energy production and conversion /
General function prediction only].
Length = 326
Score = 76.6 bits (189), Expect = 3e-16
Identities = 27/90 (30%), Positives = 38/90 (42%), Gaps = 3/90 (3%)
Query: 104 KAAVAWEPKKP--LSLETIQVAPPKAGEVRIKIVSTAICHTDAYTLDGLDS-EGKFPCVL 160
KA V E P L + + P GEV +++ + + D GL P +
Sbjct: 2 KAVVVEEFGGPEVLKVVEVPEPEPGPGEVLVRVKAAGVNPIDVLVRQGLAPPVRPLPFIP 61
Query: 161 GHEGSGIVESVGEGVTSVAPGDHVIPLYIP 190
G E +G+V +VG GVT GD V L
Sbjct: 62 GSEAAGVVVAVGSGVTGFKVGDRVAALGGV 91
>gnl|CDD|181842 PRK09422, PRK09422, ethanol-active
dehydrogenase/acetaldehyde-active reductase;
Provisional.
Length = 338
Score = 75.5 bits (186), Expect = 8e-16
Identities = 43/133 (32%), Positives = 64/133 (48%), Gaps = 17/133 (12%)
Query: 104 KAAVAWEPKKPLSLETIQVAPPKAGEVRIKIVSTAICHTDAYTLDGLDSEGKFPCVLGHE 163
KAAV + + + P K GE +K+ +CHTD + +G D K +LGHE
Sbjct: 2 KAAVVNKDHTGDVVVEKTLRPLKHGEALVKMEYCGVCHTDLHVANG-DFGDKTGRILGHE 60
Query: 164 GSGIVESVGEGVTSVAPGDHV-IPLYIPQCNECKFCKSSKTNLCTKIRTTQLFLTSNVTI 222
G GIV+ VG GVTS+ GD V I + C C++C + + LC ++
Sbjct: 61 GIGIVKEVGPGVTSLKVGDRVSIAWFFEGCGHCEYCTTGRETLCRSVK------------ 108
Query: 223 SDFNMGYSMTGSL 235
N GY++ G +
Sbjct: 109 ---NAGYTVDGGM 118
>gnl|CDD|176242 cd08282, PFDH_like, Pseudomonas putida aldehyde-dismutating
formaldehyde dehydrogenase (PFDH). Formaldehyde
dehydrogenase (FDH) is a member of the
zinc-dependent/medium chain alcohol dehydrogenase
family. Unlike typical FDH, Pseudomonas putida
aldehyde-dismutating FDH (PFDH) is
glutathione-independent. PFDH converts 2 molecules of
aldehydes to corresponding carboxylic acid and alcohol.
MDH family uses NAD(H) as a cofactor in the
interconversion of alcohols and aldehydes, or ketones.
Like the zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases (ADH) of
the medium chain alcohol dehydrogenase/reductase family
(MDR), these tetrameric FDHs have a catalytic zinc that
resides between the catalytic and NAD(H)binding domains
and a structural zinc in a lobe of the catalytic domain.
Unlike ADH, where NAD(P)(H) acts as a cofactor, NADH in
FDH is a tightly bound redox cofactor (similar to
nicotinamide proteins). The medium chain alcohol
dehydrogenase family (MDR) has a NAD(P)(H)-binding
domain in a Rossmann fold of an beta-alpha form. The
N-terminal region typically has an all-beta catalytic
domain. These proteins typically form dimers (typically
higher plants, mammals) or tetramers (yeast, bacteria),
and have 2 tightly bound zinc atoms per subunit.
Length = 375
Score = 75.7 bits (187), Expect = 9e-16
Identities = 33/108 (30%), Positives = 47/108 (43%), Gaps = 11/108 (10%)
Query: 106 AVAWEPKKPLSLETIQVAPPK---AGEVRIKIVSTAICHTDAYTLDGLDSEGKFPCVLGH 162
P ++ V PK + ++I +TAIC +D + G + VLGH
Sbjct: 2 KAVVY-GGPGNVAVEDVPDPKIEHPTDAIVRITTTAICGSDLHMYRGRTGA-EPGLVLGH 59
Query: 163 EGSGIVESVGEGVTSVAPGDHVIPLYIP---QCNECKFCKSSKTNLCT 207
E G VE VG V S+ GD V+ +P C C+ CK T +C
Sbjct: 60 EAMGEVEEVGSAVESLKVGDRVV---VPFNVACGRCRNCKRGLTGVCL 104
>gnl|CDD|132245 TIGR03201, dearomat_had, 6-hydroxycyclohex-1-ene-1-carbonyl-CoA
dehydrogenase. Members of this protein family are
6-hydroxycyclohex-1-ene-1-carbonyl-CoA dehydrogenase, an
enzyme in the anaerobic metabolism of aromatic enzymes
by way of benzoyl-CoA, as seen in Thauera aromatica,
Geobacter metallireducens, and Azoarcus sp. The
experimentally characterized form from T. aromatica uses
only NAD+, not NADP+. Note that Rhodopseudomonas
palustris uses a different pathway to perform a similar
degradation of benzoyl-CoA to 3-hydroxpimelyl-CoA.
Length = 349
Score = 74.9 bits (184), Expect = 1e-15
Identities = 34/98 (34%), Positives = 51/98 (52%), Gaps = 2/98 (2%)
Query: 110 EPKKPLSLETIQVAPPKAGEVRIKIVSTAICHTD-AYTLDGLDSEGKFPCVLGHEGSGIV 168
EP KP+ +++ AG+V +K+ +CHTD +Y G+ + P LGHE SG V
Sbjct: 6 EPGKPMVKTRVEIPELGAGDVVVKVAGCGVCHTDLSYYYMGVRTNHALPLALGHEISGRV 65
Query: 169 ESVGEGVTSVAPGDHVIPLYIPQCNECKFCKSSKTNLC 206
G G S ++P IP C EC+ CK+ + +C
Sbjct: 66 IQAGAGAASWIGKAVIVPAVIP-CGECELCKTGRGTIC 102
>gnl|CDD|176203 cd08241, QOR1, Quinone oxidoreductase (QOR). QOR catalyzes the
conversion of a quinone + NAD(P)H to a hydroquinone +
NAD(P)+. Quinones are cyclic diones derived from
aromatic compounds. Membrane bound QOR acts in the
respiratory chains of bacteria and mitochondria, while
soluble QOR acts to protect from toxic quinones (e.g.
DT-diaphorase) or as a soluble eye-lens protein in some
vertebrates (e.g. zeta-crystalin). QOR reduces quinones
through a semi-quinone intermediate via a
NAD(P)H-dependent single electron transfer. QOR is a
member of the medium chain dehydrogenase/reductase
family, but lacks the zinc-binding sites of the
prototypical alcohol dehydrogenases of this group.
NAD(P)(H)-dependent oxidoreductases are the major
enzymes in the interconversion of alcohols and
aldehydes, or ketones. Alcohol dehydrogenase in the
liver converts ethanol and NAD+ to acetaldehyde and
NADH, while in yeast and some other microorganisms ADH
catalyzes the conversion acetaldehyde to ethanol in
alcoholic fermentation. ADH is a member of the medium
chain alcohol dehydrogenase family (MDR), which has a
NAD(P)(H)-binding domain in a Rossmann fold of a
beta-alpha form. The NAD(H)-binding region is comprised
of 2 structurally similar halves, each of which contacts
a mononucleotide. A GxGxxG motif after the first
mononucleotide contact half allows the close contact of
the coenzyme with the ADH backbone. The N-terminal
catalytic domain has a distant homology to GroES. These
proteins typically form dimers (typically higher plants,
mammals) or tetramers (yeast, bacteria), and have 2
tightly bound zinc atoms per subunit, a catalytic zinc
at the active site, and a structural zinc in a lobe of
the catalytic domain. NAD(H)-binding occurs in the
cleft between the catalytic and coenzyme-binding domains
at the active site, and coenzyme binding induces a
conformational closing of this cleft. Coenzyme binding
typically precedes and contributes to substrate binding.
In human ADH catalysis, the zinc ion helps coordinate
the alcohol, followed by deprotonation of a histidine,
the ribose of NAD, a serine, then the alcohol, which
allows the transfer of a hydride to NAD+, creating NADH
and a zinc-bound aldehyde or ketone. In yeast and some
bacteria, the active site zinc binds an aldehyde,
polarizing it, and leading to the reverse reaction.
Length = 323
Score = 72.9 bits (180), Expect = 5e-15
Identities = 35/90 (38%), Positives = 46/90 (51%), Gaps = 13/90 (14%)
Query: 104 KAAVAWEPKKPLSLETIQVAP-PKA-GEVRIKIVSTAICHTDAYTLDGLDSEGKF----- 156
KA V E P L +V P P A GEVRI++ + + D L +GK+
Sbjct: 2 KAVVCKELGGPEDLVLEEVPPEPGAPGEVRIRVEAAGVNF-----PDLLMIQGKYQVKPP 56
Query: 157 -PCVLGHEGSGIVESVGEGVTSVAPGDHVI 185
P V G E +G+VE+VGEGVT GD V+
Sbjct: 57 LPFVPGSEVAGVVEAVGEGVTGFKVGDRVV 86
>gnl|CDD|176246 cd08286, FDH_like_ADH2, formaldehyde dehydrogenase (FDH)-like.
This group is related to formaldehyde dehydrogenase
(FDH), which is a member of the zinc-dependent/medium
chain alcohol dehydrogenase family. This family uses
NAD(H) as a cofactor in the interconversion of alcohols
and aldehydes, or ketones. Another member is identified
as a dihydroxyacetone reductase. Like the zinc-dependent
alcohol dehydrogenases (ADH) of the medium chain alcohol
dehydrogenase/reductase family (MDR), tetrameric FDHs
have a catalytic zinc that resides between the catalytic
and NAD(H)binding domains and a structural zinc in a
lobe of the catalytic domain. Unlike ADH, where
NAD(P)(H) acts as a cofactor, NADH in FDH is a tightly
bound redox cofactor (similar to nicotinamide proteins).
The medium chain alcohol dehydrogenase family (MDR) has
a NAD(P)(H)-binding domain in a Rossmann fold of a
beta-alpha form. The N-terminal region typically has an
all-beta catalytic domain. These proteins typically form
dimers (typically higher plants, mammals) or tetramers
(yeast, bacteria), and have 2 tightly bound zinc atoms
per subunit.
Length = 345
Score = 73.1 bits (180), Expect = 6e-15
Identities = 28/76 (36%), Positives = 39/76 (51%)
Query: 132 IKIVSTAICHTDAYTLDGLDSEGKFPCVLGHEGSGIVESVGEGVTSVAPGDHVIPLYIPQ 191
+K++ T IC TD + L G +LGHEG G+VE VG VT+ GD V+ I
Sbjct: 30 VKMLKTTICGTDLHILKGDVPTVTPGRILGHEGVGVVEEVGSAVTNFKVGDRVLISCISS 89
Query: 192 CNECKFCKSSKTNLCT 207
C C +C+ + C
Sbjct: 90 CGTCGYCRKGLYSHCE 105
>gnl|CDD|176211 cd08249, enoyl_reductase_like, enoyl_reductase_like. Member
identified as possible enoyl reductase of the MDR
family. 2-enoyl thioester reductase (ETR) catalyzes the
NADPH-dependent dependent conversion of trans-2-enoyl
acyl carrier protein/coenzyme A (ACP/CoA) to
acyl-(ACP/CoA) in fatty acid synthesis. 2-enoyl
thioester reductase activity has been linked in Candida
tropicalis as essential in maintaining mitiochondrial
respiratory function. This ETR family is a part of the
medium chain dehydrogenase/reductase family, but lack
the zinc coordination sites characteristic of the
alcohol dehydrogenases in this family.
NAD(P)(H)-dependent oxidoreductases are the major
enzymes in the interconversion of alcohols and
aldehydes, or ketones. Alcohol dehydrogenase in the
liver converts ethanol and NAD+ to acetaldehyde and
NADH, while in yeast and some other microorganisms ADH
catalyzes the conversion acetaldehyde to ethanol in
alcoholic fermentation. ADH is a member of the medium
chain alcohol dehydrogenase family (MDR), which has a
NAD(P)(H)-binding domain in a Rossmann fold of a
beta-alpha form. The NAD(H)-binding region is comprised
of 2 structurally similar halves, each of which contacts
a mononucleotide. The N-terminal catalytic domain has a
distant homology to GroES. These proteins typically
form dimers (typically higher plants, mammals) or
tetramers (yeast, bacteria), and have 2 tightly bound
zinc atoms per subunit, a catalytic zinc at the active
site, and a structural zinc in a lobe of the catalytic
domain. NAD(H)-binding occurs in the cleft between the
catalytic and coenzyme-binding domains at the active
site, and coenzyme binding induces a conformational
closing of this cleft. Coenzyme binding typically
precedes and contributes to substrate binding. Candida
tropicalis enoyl thioester reductase (Etr1p) catalyzes
the NADPH-dependent reduction of trans-2-enoyl
thioesters in mitochondrial fatty acid synthesis. Etr1p
forms homodimers with each subunit containing a
nucleotide-binding Rossmann fold domain and a catalytic
domain.
Length = 339
Score = 72.6 bits (179), Expect = 8e-15
Identities = 27/83 (32%), Positives = 37/83 (44%), Gaps = 2/83 (2%)
Query: 104 KAAVAWEPK-KPLSLETIQVAPPKAGEVRIKIVSTAICHTDAYTLDGLDSEGKFPCVLGH 162
KAAV P L + + V P EV +K+ + A+ D D +P +LG
Sbjct: 2 KAAVLTGPGGGLLVVVDVPVPKPGPDEVLVKVKAVALNPVDWKHQD-YGFIPSYPAILGC 60
Query: 163 EGSGIVESVGEGVTSVAPGDHVI 185
+ +G V VG GVT GD V
Sbjct: 61 DFAGTVVEVGSGVTRFKVGDRVA 83
>gnl|CDD|176645 cd05282, ETR_like, 2-enoyl thioester reductase-like. 2-enoyl
thioester reductase (ETR) catalyzes the NADPH-dependent
conversion of trans-2-enoyl acyl carrier
protein/coenzyme A (ACP/CoA) to acyl-(ACP/CoA) in fatty
acid synthesis. 2-enoyl thioester reductase activity has
been linked in Candida tropicalis as essential in
maintaining mitiochondrial respiratory function. This
ETR family is a part of the medium chain
dehydrogenase/reductase family, but lack the zinc
coordination sites characteristic of the alcohol
dehydrogenases in this family. NAD(P)(H)-dependent
oxidoreductases are the major enzymes in the
interconversion of alcohols and aldehydes, or ketones.
Alcohol dehydrogenase in the liver converts ethanol and
NAD+ to acetaldehyde and NADH, while in yeast and some
other microorganisms ADH catalyzes the conversion
acetaldehyde to ethanol in alcoholic fermentation. ADH
is a member of the medium chain alcohol dehydrogenase
family (MDR), which has a NAD(P)(H)-binding domain in a
Rossmann fold of a beta-alpha form. The NAD(H)-binding
region is comprised of 2 structurally similar halves,
each of which contacts a mononucleotide. The N-terminal
catalytic domain has a distant homology to GroES.
These proteins typically form dimers (typically higher
plants, mammals) or tetramers (yeast, bacteria), and
have 2 tightly bound zinc atoms per subunit, a catalytic
zinc at the active site and a structural zinc in a lobe
of the catalytic domain. NAD(H) binding occurs in the
cleft between the catalytic and coenzyme-binding domains
at the active site, and coenzyme binding induces a
conformational closing of this cleft. Coenzyme binding
typically precedes and contributes to substrate binding.
Candida tropicalis enoyl thioester reductase (Etr1p)
catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of trans-2-enoyl
thioesters in mitochondrial fatty acid synthesis. Etr1p
forms homodimers with each subunit containing a
nucleotide-binding Rossmann fold domain and a catalytic
domain.
Length = 323
Score = 70.4 bits (173), Expect = 4e-14
Identities = 29/80 (36%), Positives = 43/80 (53%), Gaps = 3/80 (3%)
Query: 111 PKKPLSLETIQVA--PPKAGEVRIKIVSTAICHTDAYTLDGL-DSEGKFPCVLGHEGSGI 167
PL LE + + PP GEV +++++ I +D T+ G S P V G+EG G+
Sbjct: 8 EPLPLVLELVSLPIPPPGPGEVLVRMLAAPINPSDLITISGAYGSRPPLPAVPGNEGVGV 67
Query: 168 VESVGEGVTSVAPGDHVIPL 187
V VG GV+ + G V+PL
Sbjct: 68 VVEVGSGVSGLLVGQRVLPL 87
>gnl|CDD|215378 PLN02702, PLN02702, L-idonate 5-dehydrogenase.
Length = 364
Score = 70.2 bits (172), Expect = 5e-14
Identities = 31/98 (31%), Positives = 48/98 (48%), Gaps = 3/98 (3%)
Query: 112 KKPLSLETIQVAPPKAGEVRIKIVSTAICHTDAYTLDGL---DSEGKFPCVLGHEGSGIV 168
L ++ ++ P +VR+++ + IC +D + L + D K P V+GHE +GI+
Sbjct: 26 VNTLKIQPFKLPPLGPHDVRVRMKAVGICGSDVHYLKTMRCADFVVKEPMVIGHECAGII 85
Query: 169 ESVGEGVTSVAPGDHVIPLYIPQCNECKFCKSSKTNLC 206
E VG V + GD V C C CK + NLC
Sbjct: 86 EEVGSEVKHLVVGDRVALEPGISCWRCNLCKEGRYNLC 123
>gnl|CDD|180054 PRK05396, tdh, L-threonine 3-dehydrogenase; Validated.
Length = 341
Score = 69.9 bits (172), Expect = 6e-14
Identities = 39/117 (33%), Positives = 52/117 (44%), Gaps = 17/117 (14%)
Query: 104 KAAVAWEPKKPLSLETIQVAPPKAGEVRIKIVSTAICHTDA--YTLDGL-DSEGKFPCVL 160
KA V + + L L + V P +V IK+ TAIC TD Y D P V+
Sbjct: 2 KALVKLKAEPGLWLTDVPVPEPGPNDVLIKVKKTAICGTDVHIYNWDEWAQKTIPVPMVV 61
Query: 161 GHEGSGIVESVGEGVTSVAPGD------HVIPLYIPQCNECKFCKSSKTNLC--TKI 209
GHE G V VG VT GD H++ C C+ C++ + +LC TK
Sbjct: 62 GHEFVGEVVEVGSEVTGFKVGDRVSGEGHIV------CGHCRNCRAGRRHLCRNTKG 112
>gnl|CDD|182229 PRK10083, PRK10083, putative oxidoreductase; Provisional.
Length = 339
Score = 69.8 bits (171), Expect = 7e-14
Identities = 37/106 (34%), Positives = 59/106 (55%), Gaps = 1/106 (0%)
Query: 104 KAAVAWEPKKPLSLETIQVAPPKAGEVRIKIVSTAICHTDAYTLDGLDSEGKFPCVLGHE 163
K+ V +P L++E + P AGEVR+K+ IC +D++ G + K+P V+GHE
Sbjct: 2 KSIVIEKPNS-LAIEERPIPQPAAGEVRVKVKLAGICGSDSHIYRGHNPFAKYPRVIGHE 60
Query: 164 GSGIVESVGEGVTSVAPGDHVIPLYIPQCNECKFCKSSKTNLCTKI 209
G++++VGEGV + G+ V + C C C K N+CT +
Sbjct: 61 FFGVIDAVGEGVDAARIGERVAVDPVISCGHCYPCSIGKPNVCTSL 106
>gnl|CDD|176189 cd05286, QOR2, Quinone oxidoreductase (QOR). Quinone
oxidoreductase (QOR) and 2-haloacrylate reductase. QOR
catalyzes the conversion of a quinone + NAD(P)H to a
hydroquinone + NAD(P)+. Quinones are cyclic diones
derived from aromatic compounds. Membrane bound QOR
actin the respiratory chains of bacteria and
mitochondria, while soluble QOR acts to protect from
toxic quinones (e.g. DT-diaphorase) or as a soluble
eye-lens protein in some vertebrates (e.g.
zeta-crystalin). QOR reduces quinones through a
semi-quinone intermediate via a NAD(P)H-dependent single
electron transfer. QOR is a member of the medium chain
dehydrogenase/reductase family, but lacks the
zinc-binding sites of the prototypical alcohol
dehydrogenases of this group. 2-haloacrylate reductase,
a member of this subgroup, catalyzes the NADPH-dependent
reduction of a carbon-carbon double bond in
organohalogen compounds. Although similar to QOR,
Burkholderia 2-haloacrylate reductase does not act on
the quinones 1,4-benzoquinone and 1,4-naphthoquinone.
NAD(P)(H)-dependent oxidoreductases are the major
enzymes in the interconversion of alcohols and
aldehydes, or ketones. Alcohol dehydrogenase in the
liver converts ethanol and NAD+ to acetaldehyde and
NADH, while in yeast and some other microorganisms ADH
catalyzes the conversion acetaldehyde to ethanol in
alcoholic fermentation. ADH is a member of the medium
chain alcohol dehydrogenase family (MDR), which have a
NAD(P)(H)-binding domain in a Rossmann fold of a
beta-alpha form. The NAD(H)-binding region is comprised
of 2 structurally similar halves, each of which contacts
a mononucleotide. A GxGxxG motif after the first
mononucleotide contact half allows the close contact of
the coenzyme with the ADH backbone. The N-terminal
catalytic domain has a distant homology to GroES.
These proteins typically form dimers (typically higher
plants, mammals) or tetramers (yeast, bacteria), and
have 2 tightly bound zinc atoms per subunit, a catalytic
zinc at the active site and a structural zinc in a lobe
of the catalytic domain. NAD(H) binding occurs in the
cleft between the catalytic and coenzyme-binding domains
at the active site, and coenzyme binding induces a
conformational closing of this cleft. Coenzyme binding
typically precedes and contributes to substrate binding.
In human ADH catalysis, the zinc ion helps coordinate
the alcohol, followed by deprotonation of a histidine,
the ribose of NAD, a serine, then the alcohol, which
allows the transfer of a hydride to NAD+, creating NADH
and a zinc-bound aldehyde or ketone. In yeast and some
bacteria, the active site zinc binds an aldehyde,
polarizing it, and leading to the reverse reaction.
Length = 320
Score = 69.0 bits (170), Expect = 1e-13
Identities = 28/70 (40%), Positives = 36/70 (51%), Gaps = 1/70 (1%)
Query: 115 LSLETIQVAPPKAGEVRIKIVSTAICHTDAYTLDGLDSEGKFPCVLGHEGSGIVESVGEG 174
L E + V P GEV ++ + + D Y GL P VLG EG+G+VE+VG G
Sbjct: 14 LEYEDVPVPEPGPGEVLVRNTAIGVNFIDTYFRSGL-YPLPLPFVLGVEGAGVVEAVGPG 72
Query: 175 VTSVAPGDHV 184
VT GD V
Sbjct: 73 VTGFKVGDRV 82
>gnl|CDD|176229 cd08268, MDR2, Medium chain dehydrogenases/reductase
(MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase-like family.
This group is a member of the medium chain
dehydrogenases/reductase (MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol
dehydrogenase-like family, but lacks the zinc-binding
sites of the zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases. The
medium chain dehydrogenases/reductase
(MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase-like family,
which contains the zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase
(ADH-Zn) and related proteins, is a diverse group of
proteins related to the first identified member, class I
mammalian ADH. MDRs display a broad range of activities
and are distinguished from the smaller short chain
dehydrogenases (~ 250 amino acids vs. the ~ 350 amino
acids of the MDR). The MDR proteins have 2 domains: a
C-terminal NAD(P)-binding Rossmann fold domain of a
beta-alpha form and an N-terminal catalytic domain with
distant homology to GroES. The MDR group contains a
host of activities, including the founding alcohol
dehydrogenase (ADH), quinone reductase, sorbitol
dehydrogenase, formaldehyde dehydrogenase, butanediol
DH, ketose reductase, cinnamyl reductase, and numerous
others. The zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs)
catalyze the NAD(P)(H)-dependent interconversion of
alcohols to aldehydes or ketones. Active site zinc has
a catalytic role, while structural zinc aids in
stability. ADH-like proteins typically form dimers
(typically higher plants, mammals) or tetramers (yeast,
bacteria), and generally have 2 tightly bound zinc atoms
per subunit. The active site zinc is coordinated by a
histidine, two cysteines, and a water molecule. The
second zinc seems to play a structural role, affects
subunit interactions, and is typically coordinated by 4
cysteines.
Length = 328
Score = 68.8 bits (169), Expect = 1e-13
Identities = 29/71 (40%), Positives = 39/71 (54%), Gaps = 1/71 (1%)
Query: 115 LSLETIQVAPPKAGEVRIKIVSTAICHTDAYTLDGLDSE-GKFPCVLGHEGSGIVESVGE 173
L +E + V P AGEV I++ + + DA G E P LG+E +G+VE+VG
Sbjct: 15 LRIEELPVPAPGAGEVLIRVEAIGLNRADAMFRRGAYIEPPPLPARLGYEAAGVVEAVGA 74
Query: 174 GVTSVAPGDHV 184
GVT A GD V
Sbjct: 75 GVTGFAVGDRV 85
>gnl|CDD|176226 cd08265, Zn_ADH3, Alcohol dehydrogenases of the MDR family. This
group resembles the zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase
and has the catalytic and structural zinc-binding sites
characteristic of this group. The medium chain
dehydrogenases/reductase (MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol
dehydrogenase-like family, which contains the
zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH-Zn) and
related proteins, is a diverse group of proteins related
to the first identified member, class I mammalian ADH.
MDRs display a broad range of activities and are
distinguished from the smaller short chain
dehydrogenases (~ 250 amino acids vs. the ~ 350 amino
acids of the MDR). The MDR proteins have 2 domains: a
C-terminal NAD(P) binding-Rossmann fold domain of a
beta-alpha form and an N-terminal catalytic domain with
distant homology to GroES. The MDR group contains a
host of activities, including the founding alcohol
dehydrogenase (ADH), quinone reductase, sorbitol
dehydrogenase, formaldehyde dehydrogenase, butanediol
DH, ketose reductase, cinnamyl reductase, and numerous
others. The zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs)
catalyze the NAD(P)(H)-dependent interconversion of
alcohols to aldehydes or ketones. Active site zinc has
a catalytic role, while structural zinc aids in
stability. ADH-like proteins typically form dimers
(typically higher plants, mammals) or tetramers (yeast,
bacteria), and generally have 2 tightly bound zinc atoms
per subunit. The active site zinc is coordinated by a
histidine, two cysteines, and a water molecule. The
second zinc seems to play a structural role, affects
subunit interactions, and is typically coordinated by 4
cysteines. Other MDR members have only a catalytic zinc,
and some contain no coordinated zinc.
Length = 384
Score = 69.1 bits (169), Expect = 2e-13
Identities = 32/103 (31%), Positives = 51/103 (49%), Gaps = 9/103 (8%)
Query: 115 LSLETIQVAPPKAGEVRIKIVSTAICHTDAYTLDGLDSEG--------KFPCVLGHEGSG 166
L +E + V K E+ I++ + IC +D + + D +G +FP V+GHE SG
Sbjct: 39 LRVEDVPVPNLKPDEILIRVKACGICGSDIHLYET-DKDGYILYPGLTEFPVVIGHEFSG 97
Query: 167 IVESVGEGVTSVAPGDHVIPLYIPQCNECKFCKSSKTNLCTKI 209
+VE G+ V + GD V + C C+ C+S N C +
Sbjct: 98 VVEKTGKNVKNFEKGDPVTAEEMMWCGMCRACRSGSPNHCKNL 140
>gnl|CDD|176244 cd08284, FDH_like_2, Glutathione-dependent formaldehyde
dehydrogenase related proteins, child 2.
Glutathione-dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenases (FDHs)
are members of the zinc-dependent/medium chain alcohol
dehydrogenase family. Formaldehyde dehydrogenase (FDH)
is a member of the zinc-dependent/medium chain alcohol
dehydrogenase family. FDH converts formaldehyde and NAD
to formate and NADH. The initial step in this process
the spontaneous formation of a
S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione adduct from formaldehyde
and glutathione, followed by FDH-mediated oxidation (and
detoxification) of the adduct to S-formylglutathione.
These tetrameric FDHs have a catalytic zinc that resides
between the catalytic and NAD(H)binding domains and a
structural zinc in a lobe of the catalytic domain. The
medium chain alcohol dehydrogenase family (MDR) has a
NAD(P)(H)-binding domain in a Rossmann fold of a
beta-alpha form. The N-terminal region typically has an
all-beta catalytic domain. These proteins typically form
dimers (typically higher plants, mammals) or tetramers
(yeast, bacteria), and have 2 tightly bound zinc atoms
per subunit.
Length = 344
Score = 68.4 bits (168), Expect = 2e-13
Identities = 32/119 (26%), Positives = 51/119 (42%), Gaps = 17/119 (14%)
Query: 106 AVAWEPKKPLSLETIQV-APPKAGEVRIKIVSTAICHTD--AYTLDGLDSEGKFPC---- 158
AV ++ + +E + + + +K+ + AIC +D Y G P
Sbjct: 3 AVVFKGPGDVRVEEVPIPQIQDPTDAIVKVTAAAICGSDLHIY-------RGHIPSTPGF 55
Query: 159 VLGHEGSGIVESVGEGVTSVAPGDHVIPLYIPQCNECKFCKSSKTNLCTKIRTTQLFLT 217
VLGHE G V VG V ++ GD V+ + C EC +C+ ++ C K LF
Sbjct: 56 VLGHEFVGEVVEVGPEVRTLKVGDRVVSPFTIACGECFYCRRGQSGRCAK---GGLFGY 111
>gnl|CDD|176247 cd08287, FDH_like_ADH3, formaldehyde dehydrogenase (FDH)-like.
This group contains proteins identified as alcohol
dehydrogenases and glutathione-dependant formaldehyde
dehydrogenases (FDH) of the zinc-dependent/medium chain
alcohol dehydrogenase family. The MDR family uses
NAD(H) as a cofactor in the interconversion of alcohols
and aldehydes, or ketones. FDH converts formaldehyde
and NAD to formate and NADH. The initial step in this
process the spontaneous formation of a
S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione adduct from formaldehyde
and glutathione, followed by FDH-mediated oxidation (and
detoxification) of the adduct to S-formylglutathione.
The medium chain alcohol dehydrogenase family (MDR) has
a NAD(P)(H)-binding domain in a Rossmann fold of a
beta-alpha form. The N-terminal region typically has an
all-beta catalytic domain. These proteins typically form
dimers (typically higher plants, mammals) or tetramers
(yeast, bacteria), and have 2 tightly bound zinc atoms
per subunit.
Length = 345
Score = 66.9 bits (164), Expect = 7e-13
Identities = 30/75 (40%), Positives = 42/75 (56%), Gaps = 1/75 (1%)
Query: 132 IKIVSTAICHTDAYTLDGLDSEGKFPCVLGHEGSGIVESVGEGVTSVAPGDHVIPLYIPQ 191
I++V+T +C +D + G S + P +GHE G+VE VG VTSV PGD VI +
Sbjct: 30 IRVVATCVCGSDLWPYRG-VSPTRAPAPIGHEFVGVVEEVGSEVTSVKPGDFVIAPFAIS 88
Query: 192 CNECKFCKSSKTNLC 206
C FC++ T C
Sbjct: 89 DGTCPFCRAGFTTSC 103
>gnl|CDD|129775 TIGR00692, tdh, L-threonine 3-dehydrogenase. This protein is a
tetrameric, zinc-binding, NAD-dependent enzyme of
threonine catabolism. Closely related proteins include
sorbitol dehydrogenase, xylitol dehydrogenase, and
benzyl alcohol dehydrogenase. Eukaryotic examples of
this enzyme have been demonstrated experimentally but do
not appear in database search results.E. coli His-90
modulates substrate specificity and is believed part of
the active site [Energy metabolism, Amino acids and
amines].
Length = 340
Score = 65.6 bits (160), Expect = 2e-12
Identities = 34/94 (36%), Positives = 49/94 (52%), Gaps = 3/94 (3%)
Query: 117 LETIQVAPPKAGEVRIKIVSTAICHTDA--YTLDGL-DSEGKFPCVLGHEGSGIVESVGE 173
L + V P GEV IK+++T+IC TD Y D S K P V+GHE +G V +G
Sbjct: 13 LTEVPVPEPGPGEVLIKVLATSICGTDVHIYNWDEWAQSRIKPPQVVGHEVAGEVVGIGP 72
Query: 174 GVTSVAPGDHVIPLYIPQCNECKFCKSSKTNLCT 207
GV + GD+V C +C C+ + ++C
Sbjct: 73 GVEGIKVGDYVSVETHIVCGKCYACRRGQYHVCQ 106
>gnl|CDD|176233 cd08272, MDR6, Medium chain dehydrogenases/reductase
(MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase-like family.
This group is a member of the medium chain
dehydrogenases/reductase (MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol
dehydrogenase-like family, but lacks the zinc-binding
sites of the zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases. The
medium chain dehydrogenases/reductase
(MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase-like family,
which contains the zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase
(ADH-Zn) and related proteins, is a diverse group of
proteins related to the first identified member, class I
mammalian ADH. MDRs display a broad range of activities
and are distinguished from the smaller short chain
dehydrogenases (~ 250 amino acids vs. the ~ 350 amino
acids of the MDR). The MDR proteins have 2 domains: a
C-terminal NAD(P)-binding Rossmann fold domain of a
beta-alpha form and an N-terminal catalytic domain with
distant homology to GroES. The MDR group contains a
host of activities, including the founding alcohol
dehydrogenase (ADH), quinone reductase, sorbitol
dehydrogenase, formaldehyde dehydrogenase, butanediol
DH, ketose reductase, cinnamyl reductase, and numerous
others. The zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs)
catalyze the NAD(P)(H)-dependent interconversion of
alcohols to aldehydes or ketones. Active site zinc has
a catalytic role, while structural zinc aids in
stability. ADH-like proteins typically form dimers
(typically higher plants, mammals) or tetramers (yeast,
bacteria), and generally have 2 tightly bound zinc atoms
per subunit. The active site zinc is coordinated by a
histidine, two cysteines, and a water molecule. The
second zinc seems to play a structural role, affects
subunit interactions, and is typically coordinated by 4
cysteines.
Length = 326
Score = 65.7 bits (161), Expect = 2e-12
Identities = 27/89 (30%), Positives = 41/89 (46%), Gaps = 13/89 (14%)
Query: 104 KAAVAWEPKKPLSLETIQVA--PPKAGEVRIKIVSTAICHTDAYTLD------GLDSEGK 155
KA V P E +V P G+V +++ ++ + LD G +
Sbjct: 2 KALVLESFGGPEVFELREVPRPQPGPGQVLVRVHASGV-----NPLDTKIRRGGAAARPP 56
Query: 156 FPCVLGHEGSGIVESVGEGVTSVAPGDHV 184
P +LG + +G+VE+VGEGVT GD V
Sbjct: 57 LPAILGCDVAGVVEAVGEGVTRFRVGDEV 85
>gnl|CDD|176236 cd08275, MDR3, Medium chain dehydrogenases/reductase
(MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase-like family.
This group is a member of the medium chain
dehydrogenases/reductase (MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol
dehydrogenase-like family, but lacks the zinc-binding
sites of the zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases. The
medium chain dehydrogenases/reductase
(MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase-like family,
which contains the zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase
(ADH-Zn) and related proteins, is a diverse group of
proteins related to the first identified member, class I
mammalian ADH. MDRs display a broad range of activities
and are distinguished from the smaller short chain
dehydrogenases (~ 250 amino acids vs. the ~ 350 amino
acids of the MDR). The MDR proteins have 2 domains: a
C-terminal NAD(P)-binding Rossmann fold domain of a
beta-alpha form and an N-terminal catalytic domain with
distant homology to GroES. The MDR group contains a
host of activities, including the founding alcohol
dehydrogenase (ADH), quinone reductase, sorbitol
dehydrogenase, formaldehyde dehydrogenase, butanediol
DH, ketose reductase, cinnamyl reductase, and numerous
others. The zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs)
catalyze the NAD(P)(H)-dependent interconversion of
alcohols to aldehydes or ketones. Active site zinc has
a catalytic role, while structural zinc aids in
stability. ADH-like proteins typically form dimers
(typically higher plants, mammals) or tetramers (yeast,
bacteria), and generally have 2 tightly bound zinc atoms
per subunit. The active site zinc is coordinated by a
histidine, two cysteines, and a water molecule. The
second zinc seems to play a structural role, affects
subunit interactions, and is typically coordinated by 4
cysteines.
Length = 337
Score = 64.9 bits (159), Expect = 3e-12
Identities = 28/72 (38%), Positives = 39/72 (54%), Gaps = 1/72 (1%)
Query: 115 LSLETIQVAPPKAGEVRIKIVSTAICHTDAYTLDGL-DSEGKFPCVLGHEGSGIVESVGE 173
L +E + P +GEVR+++ + + D GL DS K P V G E +G VE+VGE
Sbjct: 14 LKVEKEALPEPSSGEVRVRVEACGLNFADLMARQGLYDSAPKPPFVPGFECAGTVEAVGE 73
Query: 174 GVTSVAPGDHVI 185
GV GD V+
Sbjct: 74 GVKDFKVGDRVM 85
>gnl|CDD|176250 cd08290, ETR, 2-enoyl thioester reductase (ETR). 2-enoyl thioester
reductase (ETR) catalyzes the NADPH-dependent conversion
of trans-2-enoyl acyl carrier protein/coenzyme A
(ACP/CoA) to acyl-(ACP/CoA) in fatty acid synthesis.
2-enoyl thioester reductase activity has been linked in
Candida tropicalis as essential in maintaining
mitiochondrial respiratory function. This ETR family is
a part of the medium chain dehydrogenase/reductase
family, but lack the zinc coordination sites
characteristic of the alcohol dehydrogenases in this
family. NAD(P)(H)-dependent oxidoreductases are the
major enzymes in the interconversion of alcohols and
aldehydes, or ketones. Alcohol dehydrogenase in the
liver converts ethanol and NAD+ to acetaldehyde and
NADH, while in yeast and some other microorganisms ADH
catalyzes the conversion acetaldehyde to ethanol in
alcoholic fermentation. ADH is a member of the medium
chain alcohol dehydrogenase family (MDR), which has a
NAD(P)(H)-binding domain in a Rossmann fold of a
beta-alpha form. The NAD(H)-binding region is comprised
of 2 structurally similar halves, each of which contacts
a mononucleotide. The N-terminal catalytic domain has a
distant homology to GroES. These proteins typically form
dimers (typically higher plants, mammals) or tetramers
(yeast, bacteria), and have 2 tightly bound zinc atoms
per subunit, a catalytic zinc at the active site, and a
structural zinc in a lobe of the catalytic domain.
NAD(H) binding occurs in the cleft between the catalytic
and coenzyme-binding domains, at the active site, and
coenzyme binding induces a conformational closing of
this cleft. Coenzyme binding typically precedes and
contributes to substrate binding. Candida tropicalis
enoyl thioester reductase (Etr1p) catalyzes the
NADPH-dependent reduction of trans-2-enoyl thioesters in
mitochondrial fatty acid synthesis. Etr1p forms
homodimers, with each subunit containing a
nucleotide-binding Rossmann fold domain and a catalytic
domain.
Length = 341
Score = 64.5 bits (158), Expect = 5e-12
Identities = 33/85 (38%), Positives = 46/85 (54%), Gaps = 6/85 (7%)
Query: 109 WEPKKPLSLETIQVAPPKA-GEVRIKIVSTAICHTDAYTLDG-----LDSEGKFPCVLGH 162
EPK+ L LE+ ++ PP EV +K+++ I D + G + + P V G+
Sbjct: 10 GEPKEVLQLESYEIPPPGPPNEVLVKMLAAPINPADINQIQGVYPIKPPTTPEPPAVGGN 69
Query: 163 EGSGIVESVGEGVTSVAPGDHVIPL 187
EG G V VG GV S+ PGD VIPL
Sbjct: 70 EGVGEVVKVGSGVKSLKPGDWVIPL 94
>gnl|CDD|176225 cd08264, Zn_ADH_like2, Alcohol dehydrogenases of the MDR family.
This group resembles the zinc-dependent alcohol
dehydrogenases of the medium chain dehydrogenase family.
However, this subgroup does not contain the
characteristic catalytic zinc site. Also, it contains an
atypical structural zinc-binding pattern:
DxxCxxCxxxxxxxC. NAD(P)(H)-dependent oxidoreductases are
the major enzymes in the interconversion of alcohols and
aldehydes, or ketones. Alcohol dehydrogenase in the
liver converts ethanol and NAD+ to acetaldehyde and
NADH, while in yeast and some other microorganisms ADH
catalyzes the conversion acetaldehyde to ethanol in
alcoholic fermentation. ADH is a member of the medium
chain alcohol dehydrogenase family (MDR), which has a
NAD(P)(H)-binding domain in a Rossmann fold of a
beta-alpha form. The NAD(H)-binding region is comprised
of 2 structurally similar halves, each of which contacts
a mononucleotide. A GxGxxG motif after the first
mononucleotide contact half allows the close contact of
the coenzyme with the ADH backbone. The N-terminal
catalytic domain has a distant homology to GroES. These
proteins typically form dimers (typically higher plants,
mammals) or tetramers (yeast, bacteria), and have 2
tightly bound zinc atoms per subunit, a catalytic zinc
at the active site and a structural zinc in a lobe of
the catalytic domain. NAD(H)-binding occurs in the cleft
between the catalytic and coenzyme-binding domains at
the active site, and coenzyme binding induces a
conformational closing of this cleft. Coenzyme binding
typically precedes and contributes to substrate binding.
In human ADH catalysis, the zinc ion helps coordinate
the alcohol, followed by deprotonation of a histidine,
the ribose of NAD, a serine, then the alcohol, which
allows the transfer of a hydride to NAD+, creating NADH
and a zinc-bound aldehyde or ketone. In yeast and some
bacteria, the active site zinc binds an aldehyde,
polarizing it, and leading to the reverse reaction.
Length = 325
Score = 61.2 bits (149), Expect = 7e-11
Identities = 26/93 (27%), Positives = 41/93 (44%), Gaps = 1/93 (1%)
Query: 115 LSLETIQVAPPKAGEVRIKIVSTAICHTDAYTLDGLDSEGKFPCVLGHEGSGIVESVGEG 174
L +E ++ P GEV I++ + D ++ + + P + G E +G+VE VG+
Sbjct: 14 LKVEDVKDPKPGPGEVLIRVKMAGVNPVDYNVINAVKVKPM-PHIPGAEFAGVVEEVGDH 72
Query: 175 VTSVAPGDHVIPLYIPQCNECKFCKSSKTNLCT 207
V V GD V+ C C S LC
Sbjct: 73 VKGVKKGDRVVVYNRVFDGTCDMCLSGNEMLCR 105
>gnl|CDD|176218 cd08256, Zn_ADH2, Alcohol dehydrogenases of the MDR family. This
group has the characteristic catalytic and structural
zinc-binding sites of the zinc-dependent alcohol
dehydrogenases of the MDR family. The medium chain
dehydrogenases/reductase (MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol
dehydrogenase-like family, which contains the
zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH-Zn) and
related proteins, is a diverse group of proteins related
to the first identified member, class I mammalian ADH.
MDRs display a broad range of activities and are
distinguished from the smaller short chain
dehydrogenases (~ 250 amino acids vs. the ~ 350 amino
acids of the MDR). The MDR proteins have 2 domains: a
C-terminal NAD(P)-binding Rossmann fold domain of a
beta-alpha form and an N-terminal catalytic domain with
distant homology to GroES. The MDR group contains a
host of activities, including the founding alcohol
dehydrogenase (ADH), quinone reductase, sorbitol
dehydrogenase, formaldehyde dehydrogenase, butanediol
DH, ketose reductase, cinnamyl reductase, and numerous
others. The zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs)
catalyze the NAD(P)(H)-dependent interconversion of
alcohols to aldehydes or ketones. Active site zinc has
a catalytic role, while structural zinc aids in
stability.
Length = 350
Score = 61.3 bits (149), Expect = 7e-11
Identities = 38/116 (32%), Positives = 50/116 (43%), Gaps = 12/116 (10%)
Query: 104 KAAVAWEPKKPLSLETIQVAPPKAGEVRIKIVSTAICHTDAYTLDGLDS----EG----- 154
+A V P+ LE + V P GE+ +K+ + IC D G S E
Sbjct: 2 RAVVCHGPQD-YRLEEVPVPRPGPGEILVKVEACGICAGDIKCYHGAPSFWGDENQPPYV 60
Query: 155 KFPCVLGHEGSGIVESVGEGVTS--VAPGDHVIPLYIPQCNECKFCKSSKTNLCTK 208
K P + GHE G V +GEG V GD VI I C C+FC + +C K
Sbjct: 61 KPPMIPGHEFVGRVVELGEGAEERGVKVGDRVISEQIVPCWNCRFCNRGQYWMCQK 116
>gnl|CDD|176228 cd08267, MDR1, Medium chain dehydrogenases/reductase
(MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase-like family.
This group is a member of the medium chain
dehydrogenases/reductase (MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol
dehydrogenase-like family, but lacks the zinc-binding
sites of the zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases. The
medium chain dehydrogenases/reductase
(MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase-like family,
which contains the zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase
(ADH-Zn) and related proteins, is a diverse group of
proteins related to the first identified member, class I
mammalian ADH. MDRs display a broad range of activities
and are distinguished from the smaller short chain
dehydrogenases (~ 250 amino acids vs. the ~ 350 amino
acids of the MDR). The MDR proteins have 2 domains: a
C-terminal NAD(P)-binding Rossmann fold domain of a
beta-alpha form and an N-terminal catalytic domain with
distant homology to GroES. The MDR group contains a
host of activities, including the founding alcohol
dehydrogenase (ADH), quinone reductase, sorbitol
dehydrogenase, formaldehyde dehydrogenase, butanediol
DH, ketose reductase, cinnamyl reductase, and numerous
others. The zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs)
catalyze the NAD(P)(H)-dependent interconversion of
alcohols to aldehydes or ketones. Active site zinc has
a catalytic role, while structural zinc aids in
stability. ADH-like proteins typically form dimers
(typically higher plants, mammals) or tetramers (yeast,
bacteria), and generally have 2 tightly bound zinc atoms
per subunit. The active site zinc is coordinated by a
histidine, two cysteines, and a water molecule. The
second zinc seems to play a structural role, affects
subunit interactions, and is typically coordinated by 4
cysteines.
Length = 319
Score = 59.2 bits (144), Expect = 3e-10
Identities = 23/73 (31%), Positives = 34/73 (46%), Gaps = 3/73 (4%)
Query: 115 LSLETIQVAPPKAGEVRIKIVSTAICHTDAYTLDG---LDSEGKFPCVLGHEGSGIVESV 171
L + + PK GEV +K+ + ++ D G L FP + G + +G V +V
Sbjct: 14 LLEVEVPIPTPKPGEVLVKVHAASVNPVDWKLRRGPPKLLLGRPFPPIPGMDFAGEVVAV 73
Query: 172 GEGVTSVAPGDHV 184
G GVT GD V
Sbjct: 74 GSGVTRFKVGDEV 86
>gnl|CDD|176237 cd08276, MDR7, Medium chain dehydrogenases/reductase
(MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase-like family.
This group is a member of the medium chain
dehydrogenases/reductase (MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol
dehydrogenase-like family, but lacks the zinc-binding
sites of the zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases. The
medium chain dehydrogenases/reductase
(MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase-like family,
which contains the zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase
(ADH-Zn) and related proteins, is a diverse group of
proteins related to the first identified member, class I
mammalian ADH. MDRs display a broad range of activities
and are distinguished from the smaller short chain
dehydrogenases (~ 250 amino acids vs. the ~ 350 amino
acids of the MDR). The MDR proteins have 2 domains: a
C-terminal NAD(P)-binding Rossmann fold domain of a
beta-alpha form and an N-terminal catalytic domain with
distant homology to GroES. The MDR group contains a
host of activities, including the founding alcohol
dehydrogenase (ADH), quinone reductase, sorbitol
dehydrogenase, formaldehyde dehydrogenase, butanediol
DH, ketose reductase, cinnamyl reductase, and numerous
others. The zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs)
catalyze the NAD(P)(H)-dependent interconversion of
alcohols to aldehydes or ketones. Active site zinc has
a catalytic role, while structural zinc aids in
stability. ADH-like proteins typically form dimers
(typically higher plants, mammals) or tetramers (yeast,
bacteria), and generally have 2 tightly bound zinc atoms
per subunit. The active site zinc is coordinated by a
histidine, two cysteines, and a water molecule. The
second zinc seems to play a structural role, affects
subunit interactions, and is typically coordinated by 4
cysteines.
Length = 336
Score = 57.9 bits (141), Expect = 8e-10
Identities = 29/95 (30%), Positives = 39/95 (41%), Gaps = 18/95 (18%)
Query: 108 AWEPKKP-----LSLETIQVAPPKAGEVRIKI--VS-----TAICHTDAYTLDGLDSEGK 155
AW L L V P GEV +++ VS I + Y K
Sbjct: 3 AWRLSGGGGLDNLKLVEEPVPEPGPGEVLVRVHAVSLNYRDLLILN-GRYPP-----PVK 56
Query: 156 FPCVLGHEGSGIVESVGEGVTSVAPGDHVIPLYIP 190
P + +G+G V +VGEGVT GD V+P + P
Sbjct: 57 DPLIPLSDGAGEVVAVGEGVTRFKVGDRVVPTFFP 91
>gnl|CDD|176213 cd08251, polyketide_synthase, polyketide synthase. Polyketide
synthases produce polyketides in step by step mechanism
that is similar to fatty acid synthesis. Enoyl reductase
reduces a double to single bond. Erythromycin is one
example of a polyketide generated by 3 complex enzymes
(megasynthases). 2-enoyl thioester reductase (ETR)
catalyzes the NADPH-dependent dependent conversion of
trans-2-enoyl acyl carrier protein/coenzyme A (ACP/CoA)
to acyl-(ACP/CoA) in fatty acid synthesis. 2-enoyl
thioester reductase activity has been linked in Candida
tropicalis as essential in maintaining mitiochondrial
respiratory function. This ETR family is a part of the
medium chain dehydrogenase/reductase family, but lack
the zinc coordination sites characteristic of the
alcohol dehydrogenases in this family.
NAD(P)(H)-dependent oxidoreductases are the major
enzymes in the interconversion of alcohols and
aldehydes, or ketones. Alcohol dehydrogenase in the
liver converts ethanol and NAD+ to acetaldehyde and
NADH, while in yeast and some other microorganisms ADH
catalyzes the conversion acetaldehyde to ethanol in
alcoholic fermentation. ADH is a member of the medium
chain alcohol dehydrogenase family (MDR), which have a
NAD(P)(H)-binding domain in a Rossmann fold of a
beta-alpha form. The NAD(H)-binding region is comprised
of 2 structurally similar halves, each of which contacts
a mononucleotide. The N-terminal catalytic domain has a
distant homology to GroES. These proteins typically form
dimers (typically higher plants, mammals) or tetramers
(yeast, bacteria), and have 2 tightly bound zinc atoms
per subunit, a catalytic zinc at the active site, and a
structural zinc in a lobe of the catalytic domain.
NAD(H)-binding occurs in the cleft between the catalytic
and coenzyme-binding domains at the active site, and
coenzyme binding induces a conformational closing of
this cleft. Coenzyme binding typically precedes and
contributes to substrate binding.
Length = 303
Score = 57.4 bits (139), Expect = 1e-09
Identities = 27/66 (40%), Positives = 39/66 (59%), Gaps = 1/66 (1%)
Query: 121 QVAPPKAGEVRIKIVSTAICHTDAYTLDGL-DSEGKFPCVLGHEGSGIVESVGEGVTSVA 179
+VAPP GEVRI++ + ++ D + GL + +P G E SG+V +VG VT +A
Sbjct: 1 EVAPPGPGEVRIQVRAFSLNFGDLLCVRGLYPTMPPYPFTPGFEASGVVRAVGPHVTRLA 60
Query: 180 PGDHVI 185
GD VI
Sbjct: 61 VGDEVI 66
>gnl|CDD|176230 cd08269, Zn_ADH9, Alcohol dehydrogenases of the MDR family. The
medium chain dehydrogenases/reductase
(MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase-like family,
which contains the zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase
(ADH-Zn) and related proteins, is a diverse group of
proteins related to the first identified member, class I
mammalian ADH. MDRs display a broad range of activities
and are distinguished from the smaller short chain
dehydrogenases (~ 250 amino acids vs. the ~ 350 amino
acids of the MDR). The MDR proteins have 2 domains: a
C-terminal NAD(P)-binding Rossmann fold domain of a
beta-alpha form and an N-terminal catalytic domain with
distant homology to GroES. The MDR group contains a
host of activities, including the founding alcohol
dehydrogenase (ADH), quinone reductase, sorbitol
dehydrogenase, formaldehyde dehydrogenase, butanediol
DH, ketose reductase, cinnamyl reductase, and numerous
others. The zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs)
catalyze the NAD(P)(H)-dependent interconversion of
alcohols to aldehydes or ketones. Active site zinc has
a catalytic role, while structural zinc aids in
stability.
Length = 312
Score = 57.0 bits (138), Expect = 1e-09
Identities = 22/76 (28%), Positives = 32/76 (42%), Gaps = 3/76 (3%)
Query: 115 LSLETIQVAPPKAGEVRIKIVSTAICHTD-AYTLDGL--DSEGKFPCVLGHEGSGIVESV 171
+E P G+V +++ +C +D G P GHEG G V ++
Sbjct: 7 FEVEEHPRPTPGPGQVLVRVEGCGVCGSDLPAFNQGRPWFVYPAEPGGPGHEGWGRVVAL 66
Query: 172 GEGVTSVAPGDHVIPL 187
G GV +A GD V L
Sbjct: 67 GPGVRGLAVGDRVAGL 82
>gnl|CDD|176204 cd08242, MDR_like, Medium chain dehydrogenases/reductase
(MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase-like family.
This group contains members identified as related to
zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase and other members
of the MDR family, including threonine dehydrogenase.
The medium chain dehydrogenases/reductase
(MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase-like family,
which contains the zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase
(ADH-Zn) and related proteins, is a diverse group of
proteins related to the first identified member, class I
mammalian ADH. MDRs display a broad range of activities
and are distinguished from the smaller short chain
dehydrogenases (~ 250 amino acids vs. the ~ 350 amino
acids of the MDR). The MDR proteins have 2 domains: a
C-terminal NAD(P) binding-Rossmann fold domain of a
beta-alpha form and an N-terminal catalytic domain with
distant homology to GroES. The MDR group includes
various activities, including the founding alcohol
dehydrogenase (ADH), quinone reductase, sorbitol
dehydrogenase, formaldehyde dehydrogenase, butanediol
DH, ketose reductase, cinnamyl reductase, and numerous
others. The zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs)
catalyze the NAD(P)(H)-dependent interconversion of
alcohols to aldehydes or ketones. Active site zinc has a
catalytic role, while structural zinc aids in stability.
ADH-like proteins typically form dimers (typically
higher plants, mammals) or tetramers (yeast, bacteria),
and generally have 2 tightly bound zinc atoms per
subunit. The active site zinc is coordinated by a
histidine, two cysteines, and a water molecule. The
second zinc seems to play a structural role, affects
subunit interactions, and is typically coordinated by 4
cysteines.
Length = 319
Score = 56.9 bits (138), Expect = 2e-09
Identities = 31/110 (28%), Positives = 43/110 (39%), Gaps = 11/110 (10%)
Query: 104 KAAVAWEPKKPLSLETIQVAPPKAGEVRIKIVSTAICHTDAYTLDGLDSEGKFPCVLGHE 163
KA V + L +E + P GE ++++ IC+TD G FP V GHE
Sbjct: 2 KALV-LDGGLDLRVEDLPKPEPPPGEALVRVLLAGICNTDLEIYKGY---YPFPGVPGHE 57
Query: 164 GSGIVESVGEG--VTSVAPGDHVIPLYIPQCNECKFCKSSKTNLCTKIRT 211
GIVE E V G+ I C C++C+ C
Sbjct: 58 FVGIVEEGPEAELVGKRVVGEINIA-----CGRCEYCRRGLYTHCPNRTV 102
>gnl|CDD|166155 PLN02514, PLN02514, cinnamyl-alcohol dehydrogenase.
Length = 357
Score = 56.7 bits (137), Expect = 2e-09
Identities = 35/109 (32%), Positives = 47/109 (43%), Gaps = 4/109 (3%)
Query: 104 KAAVAWEPKKP---LSLETIQVAPPKAGEVRIKIVSTAICHTDAYTLDGLDSEGKFPCVL 160
K W + P LS T + +V IK++ ICHTD + + +P V
Sbjct: 8 KKTTGWAARDPSGHLSPYTYTLRKTGPEDVVIKVIYCGICHTDLHQIKNDLGMSNYPMVP 67
Query: 161 GHEGSGIVESVGEGVTSVAPGDHV-IPLYIPQCNECKFCKSSKTNLCTK 208
GHE G V VG V+ GD V + + + C EC CKS C K
Sbjct: 68 GHEVVGEVVEVGSDVSKFTVGDIVGVGVIVGCCGECSPCKSDLEQYCNK 116
>gnl|CDD|176232 cd08271, MDR5, Medium chain dehydrogenases/reductase
(MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase-like family.
This group is a member of the medium chain
dehydrogenases/reductase (MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol
dehydrogenase-like family, but lacks the zinc-binding
sites of the zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases. The
medium chain dehydrogenases/reductase
(MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase-like family,
which contains the zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase
(ADH-Zn) and related proteins, is a diverse group of
proteins related to the first identified member, class I
mammalian ADH. MDRs display a broad range of activities
and are distinguished from the smaller short chain
dehydrogenases (~ 250 amino acids vs. the ~ 350 amino
acids of the MDR). The MDR proteins have 2 domains: a
C-terminal NAD(P)-binding Rossmann fold domain of a
beta-alpha form and an N-terminal catalytic domain with
distant homology to GroES. The MDR group contains a
host of activities, including the founding alcohol
dehydrogenase (ADH), quinone reductase, sorbitol
dehydrogenase, formaldehyde dehydrogenase, butanediol
DH, ketose reductase, cinnamyl reductase, and numerous
others. The zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs)
catalyze the NAD(P)(H)-dependent interconversion of
alcohols to aldehydes or ketones. Active site zinc has
a catalytic role, while structural zinc aids in
stability. ADH-like proteins typically form dimers
(typically higher plants, mammals) or tetramers (yeast,
bacteria), and generally have 2 tightly bound zinc atoms
per subunit. The active site zinc is coordinated by a
histidine, two cysteines, and a water molecule. The
second zinc seems to play a structural role, affects
subunit interactions, and is typically coordinated by 4
cysteines.
Length = 325
Score = 56.1 bits (136), Expect = 3e-09
Identities = 28/82 (34%), Positives = 41/82 (50%), Gaps = 5/82 (6%)
Query: 108 AWEPKKP-----LSLETIQVAPPKAGEVRIKIVSTAICHTDAYTLDGLDSEGKFPCVLGH 162
AW KP L+LE I++ P AGEV +K+ + + D + +P V G
Sbjct: 3 AWVLPKPGAALQLTLEEIEIPGPGAGEVLVKVHAAGLNPVDWKVIAWGPPAWSYPHVPGV 62
Query: 163 EGSGIVESVGEGVTSVAPGDHV 184
+G+G+V +VG VT GD V
Sbjct: 63 DGAGVVVAVGAKVTGWKVGDRV 84
>gnl|CDD|176251 cd08291, ETR_like_1, 2-enoyl thioester reductase (ETR) like
proteins, child 1. 2-enoyl thioester reductase (ETR)
like proteins. ETR catalyzes the NADPH-dependent
conversion of trans-2-enoyl acyl carrier
protein/coenzyme A (ACP/CoA) to acyl-(ACP/CoA) in fatty
acid synthesis. 2-enoyl thioester reductase activity has
been linked in Candida tropicalis as essential in
maintaining mitiochondrial respiratory function. This
ETR family is a part of the medium chain
dehydrogenase/reductase family, but lack the zinc
coordination sites characteristic of the 2-enoyl
thioester reductase (ETR) like proteins. ETR catalyzes
the NADPH-dependent dependent conversion of
trans-2-enoyl acyl carrier protein/coenzyme A (ACP/CoA)
to acyl-(ACP/CoA) in fatty acid synthesis. 2-enoyl
thioester reductase activity has been linked in Candida
tropicalis as essential in maintaining mitiochondrial
respiratory function. This ETR family is a part of the
medium chain dehydrogenase/reductase family, but lack
the zinc coordination sites characteristic of the
alcohol dehydrogenases in this family.
NAD(P)(H)-dependent oxidoreductases are the major
enzymes in the interconversion of alcohols and
aldehydes, or ketones. Alcohol dehydrogenase in the
liver converts ethanol and NAD+ to acetaldehyde and
NADH, while in yeast and some other microorganisms ADH
catalyzes the conversion acetaldehyde to ethanol in
alcoholic fermentation. ADH is a member of the medium
chain alcohol dehydrogenase family (MDR), which has a
NAD(P)(H)-binding domain in a Rossmann fold of a
beta-alpha form. The NAD(H)-binding region is comprised
of 2 structurally similar halves, each of which contacts
a mononucleotide. The N-terminal catalytic domain has a
distant homology to GroES. These proteins typically
form dimers (typically higher plants, mammals) or
tetramers (yeast, bacteria), and have 2 tightly bound
zinc atoms per subunit, a catalytic zinc at the active
site and a structural zinc in a lobe of the catalytic
domain. NAD(H) binding occurs in the cleft between the
catalytic and coenzyme-binding domains at the active
site, and coenzyme binding induces a conformational
closing of this cleft. Coenzyme binding typically
precedes and contributes to substrate binding. Candida
tropicalis enoyl thioester reductase (Etr1p) catalyzes
the NADPH-dependent reduction of trans-2-enoyl
thioesters in mitochondrial fatty acid synthesis. Etr1p
forms homodimers, with each subunit containing a
nucleotide-binding Rossmann fold domain and a catalytic
domain.
Length = 324
Score = 56.1 bits (136), Expect = 4e-09
Identities = 25/64 (39%), Positives = 30/64 (46%), Gaps = 1/64 (1%)
Query: 113 KPLSLETIQVAPPKAGEVRIKIVSTAICHTDAYTLDGL-DSEGKFPCVLGHEGSGIVESV 171
K LSL +V P GEV IK+ + I +D L G S P G EGSG V +
Sbjct: 16 KELSLPEPEVPEPGPGEVLIKVEAAPINPSDLGFLKGQYGSTKALPVPPGFEGSGTVVAA 75
Query: 172 GEGV 175
G G
Sbjct: 76 GGGP 79
>gnl|CDD|182371 PRK10309, PRK10309, galactitol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase;
Provisional.
Length = 347
Score = 56.0 bits (135), Expect = 4e-09
Identities = 29/82 (35%), Positives = 43/82 (52%), Gaps = 5/82 (6%)
Query: 129 EVRIKIVSTAICHTDAYTLDGLDSEGK--FPCVLGHEGSGIVESVGEGVTSVAPGDHVIP 186
+V +K+ S+ +C +D + + G +P LGHE SG VE+VG GV + PGD V
Sbjct: 27 DVLVKVASSGLCGSD---IPRIFKNGAHYYPITLGHEFSGYVEAVGSGVDDLHPGDAVAC 83
Query: 187 LYIPQCNECKFCKSSKTNLCTK 208
+ + C C C +LC K
Sbjct: 84 VPLLPCFTCPECLRGFYSLCAK 105
>gnl|CDD|177834 PLN02178, PLN02178, cinnamyl-alcohol dehydrogenase.
Length = 375
Score = 55.8 bits (134), Expect = 5e-09
Identities = 27/82 (32%), Positives = 42/82 (51%), Gaps = 1/82 (1%)
Query: 129 EVRIKIVSTAICHTDAYTLDGLDSEGKFPCVLGHEGSGIVESVGEGVTSVAPGDHV-IPL 187
+V +KI+ +CH+D +T+ ++P + GHE GI VG+ VT GD V + +
Sbjct: 33 DVTVKILFCGVCHSDLHTIKNHWGFSRYPIIPGHEIVGIATKVGKNVTKFKEGDRVGVGV 92
Query: 188 YIPQCNECKFCKSSKTNLCTKI 209
I C C+ C N C K+
Sbjct: 93 IIGSCQSCESCNQDLENYCPKV 114
>gnl|CDD|166227 PLN02586, PLN02586, probable cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase.
Length = 360
Score = 55.7 bits (134), Expect = 5e-09
Identities = 27/85 (31%), Positives = 43/85 (50%), Gaps = 1/85 (1%)
Query: 129 EVRIKIVSTAICHTDAYTLDGLDSEGKFPCVLGHEGSGIVESVGEGVTSVAPGDHV-IPL 187
+V +KI+ +CH+D +T+ ++P V GHE GIV +G+ V GD V + +
Sbjct: 39 DVTVKILYCGVCHSDLHTIKNEWGFTRYPIVPGHEIVGIVTKLGKNVKKFKEGDRVGVGV 98
Query: 188 YIPQCNECKFCKSSKTNLCTKIRTT 212
+ C C+ C N C K+ T
Sbjct: 99 IVGSCKSCESCDQDLENYCPKMIFT 123
>gnl|CDD|176192 cd08230, glucose_DH, Glucose dehydrogenase. Glucose dehydrogenase
(GlcDH), a member of the medium chain
dehydrogenase/zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase-like
family, catalyzes the NADP(+)-dependent oxidation of
glucose to gluconate, the first step in the
Entner-Doudoroff pathway, an alternative to or
substitute for glycolysis or the pentose phosphate
pathway. The medium chain dehydrogenases/reductase
(MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase-like family,
which contains the zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase
(ADH-Zn) and related proteins, is a diverse group of
proteins related to the first identified member, class I
mammalian ADH. MDRs display a broad range of activities
and are distinguished from the smaller short chain
dehydrogenases (~ 250 amino acids vs. the ~ 350 amino
acids of the MDR). The MDR proteins have 2 domains: a
C-terminal NAD(P) binding-Rossman fold domain of a
beta-alpha form and an N-terminal catalytic domain with
distant homology to GroES. The MDR group contains a
host of activities, including the founding alcohol
dehydrogenase (ADH), quinone reductase, sorbitol
dehydrogenase, formaldehyde dehydrogenase, butanediol
DH, ketose reductase, cinnamyl reductase, and numerous
others. The zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs)
catalyze the NAD(P)(H)-dependent interconversion of
alcohols to aldehydes or ketones. Active site zinc has a
catalytic role, while structural zinc aids in stability.
Length = 355
Score = 55.3 bits (134), Expect = 6e-09
Identities = 33/108 (30%), Positives = 50/108 (46%), Gaps = 8/108 (7%)
Query: 104 KAAVAWEPKKPLSLETIQVAPPKAGEVRIKIVSTAICHTDAYTLDGLDSEGKFP-----C 158
KA K + + I P GEV ++ + +C TD + G G P
Sbjct: 2 KAIAVKPGKPGVRVVDIPEPEPTPGEVLVRTLEVGVCGTDREIVAG--EYGTAPPGEDFL 59
Query: 159 VLGHEGSGIVESVGEGVTSVAPGDHVIPLYIPQCNECKFCKSSKTNLC 206
VLGHE G+VE VG+G + ++PGD V+P +C C+ + + C
Sbjct: 60 VLGHEALGVVEEVGDG-SGLSPGDLVVPTVRRPPGKCLNCRIGRPDFC 106
>gnl|CDD|131869 TIGR02822, adh_fam_2, zinc-binding alcohol dehydrogenase family
protein. Members of this model form a distinct subset
of the larger family of oxidoreductases that includes
zinc-binding alcohol dehydrogenases and NADPH:quinone
reductases (pfam00107). The gene neighborhood of members
of this family is not conserved and it appears that no
members are characterized. The sequence of the family
includes 6 invariant cysteine residues and one invariant
histidine. It appears that no member is characterized
[Energy metabolism, Fermentation].
Length = 329
Score = 54.9 bits (132), Expect = 8e-09
Identities = 33/116 (28%), Positives = 47/116 (40%), Gaps = 14/116 (12%)
Query: 108 AWEPKKP-------LSLETIQVAPPKAGEVRIKIVSTAICHTDAYTLDG---LDSEGKFP 157
AWE ++P L V P GE+ +++ + +C TD + +G + P
Sbjct: 1 AWEVERPGPIEDGPLRFVERPVPRPGPGELLVRVRACGVCRTDLHVSEGDLPVHRPRVTP 60
Query: 158 CVLGHEGSGIVESVGEGVTSVAPGDHV-IPLYIPQCNECKFCKSSKTNLCTKIRTT 212
GHE G V G A GD V I C C++C+ NLC R T
Sbjct: 61 ---GHEVVGEVAGRGADAGGFAVGDRVGIAWLRRTCGVCRYCRRGAENLCPASRYT 113
>gnl|CDD|176179 cd05195, enoyl_red, enoyl reductase of polyketide synthase.
Putative enoyl reductase of polyketide synthase.
Polyketide synthases produce polyketides in step by step
mechanism that is similar to fatty acid synthesis. Enoyl
reductase reduces a double to single bond. Erythromycin
is one example of a polyketide generated by 3 complex
enzymes (megasynthases). 2-enoyl thioester reductase
(ETR) catalyzes the NADPH-dependent dependent conversion
of trans-2-enoyl acyl carrier protein/coenzyme A
(ACP/CoA) to acyl-(ACP/CoA) in fatty acid synthesis.
2-enoyl thioester reductase activity has been linked in
Candida tropicalis as essential in maintaining
mitiochondrial respiratory function. This ETR family is
a part of the medium chain dehydrogenase/reductase
family, but lack the zinc coordination sites
characteristic of the alcohol dehydrogenases in this
family. NAD(P)(H)-dependent oxidoreductases are the
major enzymes in the interconversion of alcohols and
aldehydes or ketones. Alcohol dehydrogenase in the liver
converts ethanol and NAD+ to acetaldehyde and NADH,
while in yeast and some other microorganisms ADH
catalyzes the conversion acetaldehyde to ethanol in
alcoholic fermentation. ADH is a member of the medium
chain alcohol dehydrogenase family (MDR), which has a
NAD(P)(H)-binding domain in a Rossmann fold of a
beta-alpha form. The NAD(H)-binding region is comprised
of 2 structurally similar halves, each of which contacts
a mononucleotide. The N-terminal catalytic domain has a
distant homology to GroES. These proteins typically
form dimers (typically higher plants, mammals) or
tetramers (yeast, bacteria), and have 2 tightly bound
zinc atoms per subunit, a catalytic zinc at the active
site, and a structural zinc in a lobe of the catalytic
domain. NAD(H) binding occurs in the cleft between the
catalytic and coenzyme-binding domains, at the active
site, and coenzyme binding induces a conformational
closing of this cleft. Coenzyme binding typically
precedes and contributes to substrate binding.
Length = 293
Score = 54.5 bits (132), Expect = 1e-08
Identities = 20/58 (34%), Positives = 27/58 (46%), Gaps = 2/58 (3%)
Query: 128 GEVRIKIVSTAICHTDAYTLDGLDSEGKFPCVLGHEGSGIVESVGEGVTSVAPGDHVI 185
EV +++ + + D GL LG E SGIV VG GVT + GD V+
Sbjct: 1 DEVEVEVKAAGLNFRDVLVALGLLPGD--ETPLGLECSGIVTRVGSGVTGLKVGDRVM 56
>gnl|CDD|176215 cd08253, zeta_crystallin, Zeta-crystallin with NADP-dependent
quinone reductase activity (QOR). Zeta-crystallin is a
eye lens protein with NADP-dependent quinone reductase
activity (QOR). It has been cited as a structural
component in mammalian eyes, but also has homology to
quinone reductases in unrelated species. QOR catalyzes
the conversion of a quinone and NAD(P)H to a
hydroquinone and NAD(P+. Quinones are cyclic diones
derived from aromatic compounds. Membrane bound QOR acts
in the respiratory chains of bacteria and mitochondria,
while soluble QOR acts to protect from toxic quinones
(e.g. DT-diaphorase) or as a soluble eye-lens protein in
some vertebrates (e.g. zeta-crystalin). QOR reduces
quinones through a semi-quinone intermediate via a
NAD(P)H-dependent single electron transfer. QOR is a
member of the medium chain dehydrogenase/reductase
family, but lacks the zinc-binding sites of the
prototypical alcohol dehydrogenases of this group.
Alcohol dehydrogenase in the liver converts ethanol and
NAD+ to acetaldehyde and NADH, while in yeast and some
other microorganisms ADH catalyzes the conversion
acetaldehyde to ethanol in alcoholic fermentation. ADH
is a member of the medium chain alcohol dehydrogenase
family (MDR), which has a NAD(P)(H)-binding domain in a
Rossmann fold of a beta-alpha form. The NAD(H)-binding
region is comprised of 2 structurally similar halves,
each of which contacts a mononucleotide. The N-terminal
catalytic domain has a distant homology to GroES. These
proteins typically form dimers (typically higher plants,
mammals) or tetramers (yeast, bacteria), and have 2
tightly bound zinc atoms per subunit, a catalytic zinc
at the active site, and a structural zinc in a lobe of
the catalytic domain. NAD(H)-binding occurs in the
cleft between the catalytic and coenzyme-binding domains
at the active site, and coenzyme binding induces a
conformational closing of this cleft. Coenzyme binding
typically precedes and contributes to substrate binding.
In human ADH catalysis, the zinc ion helps coordinate
the alcohol, followed by deprotonation of a histidine,
the ribose of NAD, a serine, then the alcohol, which
allows the transfer of a hydride to NAD+, creating NADH
and a zinc-bound aldehyde or ketone. In yeast and some
bacteria, the active site zinc binds an aldehyde,
polarizing it, and leading to the reverse reaction.
Length = 325
Score = 54.1 bits (131), Expect = 2e-08
Identities = 25/71 (35%), Positives = 37/71 (52%), Gaps = 1/71 (1%)
Query: 115 LSLETIQVAPPKAGEVRIKIVSTAICHTDAYTLDGL-DSEGKFPCVLGHEGSGIVESVGE 173
L L + V P GEV +++ ++ + D Y G P V G +G+G+VE+VGE
Sbjct: 15 LRLGDLPVPTPGPGEVLVRVHASGVNPVDTYIRAGAYPGLPPLPYVPGSDGAGVVEAVGE 74
Query: 174 GVTSVAPGDHV 184
GV + GD V
Sbjct: 75 GVDGLKVGDRV 85
>gnl|CDD|176245 cd08285, NADP_ADH, NADP(H)-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases. This
group is predominated by atypical alcohol
dehydrogenases; they exist as tetramers and exhibit
specificity for NADP(H) as a cofactor in the
interconversion of alcohols and aldehydes, or ketones.
Like other zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases (ADH)
of the medium chain alcohol dehydrogenase/reductase
family (MDR), tetrameric ADHs have a catalytic zinc that
resides between the catalytic and NAD(H)binding domains;
however, they do not have and a structural zinc in a
lobe of the catalytic domain. The medium chain alcohol
dehydrogenase family (MDR) has a NAD(P)(H)-binding
domain in a Rossmann fold of a beta-alpha form. The
N-terminal region typically has an all-beta catalytic
domain. These proteins typically form dimers (typically
higher plants, mammals) or tetramers (yeast, bacteria),
and have 2 tightly bound zinc atoms per subunit.
Length = 351
Score = 53.8 bits (130), Expect = 2e-08
Identities = 23/66 (34%), Positives = 33/66 (50%), Gaps = 8/66 (12%)
Query: 125 PKAG--EVRIKIVSTAICHTDAYTLDG---LDSEGKFPCVLGHEGSGIVESVGEGVTSVA 179
P G + ++ + A C +D +T+ G + G +LGHE G+VE VG V
Sbjct: 20 PVCGPNDAIVRPTAVAPCTSDVHTVWGGAPGERHGM---ILGHEAVGVVEEVGSEVKDFK 76
Query: 180 PGDHVI 185
PGD VI
Sbjct: 77 PGDRVI 82
>gnl|CDD|176205 cd08243, quinone_oxidoreductase_like_1, Quinone oxidoreductase
(QOR). NAD(P)(H)-dependent oxidoreductases are the
major enzymes in the interconversion of alcohols and
aldehydes, or ketones. The medium chain alcohol
dehydrogenase family (MDR) have a NAD(P)(H)-binding
domain in a Rossmann fold of a beta-alpha form. The
N-terminal region typically has an all-beta catalytic
domain. These proteins typically form dimers (typically
higher plants, mammals) or tetramers (yeast, bacteria),
and have 2 tightly bound zinc atoms per subunit.
Length = 320
Score = 53.0 bits (128), Expect = 3e-08
Identities = 29/84 (34%), Positives = 39/84 (46%), Gaps = 4/84 (4%)
Query: 104 KAAVAWEPKKP--LSLETIQVAPPKAGEVRIKIVSTAICHTDAYTLDGLDSEGKFPCVLG 161
KA V +P P L L I + PK G V I++ + + ++ +T G KFP VLG
Sbjct: 2 KAIVIEQPGGPEVLKLREIPIPEPKPGWVLIRVKAFGLNRSEIFTRQGHSPSVKFPRVLG 61
Query: 162 HEGSGIVESVGEGVTSVAPGDHVI 185
E G VE G + PG V
Sbjct: 62 IEAVGEVEEAPGG--TFTPGQRVA 83
>gnl|CDD|182701 PRK10754, PRK10754, quinone oxidoreductase, NADPH-dependent;
Provisional.
Length = 327
Score = 53.2 bits (128), Expect = 3e-08
Identities = 24/74 (32%), Positives = 36/74 (48%), Gaps = 2/74 (2%)
Query: 114 PLSLETIQVAP--PKAGEVRIKIVSTAICHTDAYTLDGLDSEGKFPCVLGHEGSGIVESV 171
P L+ ++ P P EV+++ + I + D Y GL P LG E +G+V V
Sbjct: 13 PEVLQAVEFTPADPAENEVQVENKAIGINYIDTYIRSGLYPPPSLPSGLGTEAAGVVSKV 72
Query: 172 GEGVTSVAPGDHVI 185
G GV + GD V+
Sbjct: 73 GSGVKHIKVGDRVV 86
>gnl|CDD|176214 cd08252, AL_MDR, Arginate lyase and other MDR family members. This
group contains a structure identified as an arginate
lyase. Other members are identified quinone reductases,
alginate lyases, and other proteins related to the
zinc-dependent dehydrogenases/reductases. QOR catalyzes
the conversion of a quinone and NAD(P)H to a
hydroquinone and NAD(P+. Quinones are cyclic diones
derived from aromatic compounds. Membrane bound QOR acts
in the respiratory chains of bacteria and mitochondria,
while soluble QOR acts to protect from toxic quinones
(e.g. DT-diaphorase) or as a soluble eye-lens protein in
some vertebrates (e.g. zeta-crystalin). QOR reduces
quinones through a semi-quinone intermediate via a
NAD(P)H-dependent single electron transfer. QOR is a
member of the medium chain dehydrogenase/reductase
family, but lacks the zinc-binding sites of the
prototypical alcohol dehydrogenases of this group.
Alcohol dehydrogenase in the liver converts ethanol and
NAD+ to acetaldehyde and NADH, while in yeast and some
other microorganisms ADH catalyzes the conversion
acetaldehyde to ethanol in alcoholic fermentation. ADH
is a member of the medium chain alcohol dehydrogenase
family (MDR), which has a NAD(P)(H)-binding domain in a
Rossmann fold of a beta-alpha form. The NAD(H)-binding
region is comprised of 2 structurally similar halves,
each of which contacts a mononucleotide. The N-terminal
catalytic domain has a distant homology to GroES. These
proteins typically form dimers (typically higher plants,
mammals) or tetramers (yeast, bacteria), and have 2
tightly bound zinc atoms per subunit, a catalytic zinc
at the active site and a structural zinc in a lobe of
the catalytic domain. NAD(H) binding occurs in the cleft
between the catalytic and coenzyme-binding domains at
the active site, and coenzyme binding induces a
conformational closing of this cleft. Coenzyme binding
typically precedes and contributes to substrate binding.
In human ADH catalysis, the zinc ion helps coordinate
the alcohol, followed by deprotonation of a histidine,
the ribose of NAD, a serine, then the alcohol, which
allows the transfer of a hydride to NAD+, creating NADH
and a zinc-bound aldehyde or ketone. In yeast and some
bacteria, the active site zinc binds an aldehyde,
polarizing it, and leading to the reverse reaction.
Length = 336
Score = 52.9 bits (128), Expect = 4e-08
Identities = 25/86 (29%), Positives = 40/86 (46%), Gaps = 5/86 (5%)
Query: 104 KAAVAWEPKK---PLSLETIQVAPPKAG--EVRIKIVSTAICHTDAYTLDGLDSEGKFPC 158
KA +P P SL I++ P G ++ +++ + ++ D G P
Sbjct: 2 KAIGFTQPLPITDPDSLIDIELPKPVPGGRDLLVRVEAVSVNPVDTKVRAGGAPVPGQPK 61
Query: 159 VLGHEGSGIVESVGEGVTSVAPGDHV 184
+LG + SG+VE+VG VT GD V
Sbjct: 62 ILGWDASGVVEAVGSEVTLFKVGDEV 87
>gnl|CDD|176252 cd08292, ETR_like_2, 2-enoyl thioester reductase (ETR) like
proteins, child 2. 2-enoyl thioester reductase (ETR)
like proteins. ETR catalyzes the NADPH-dependent
conversion of trans-2-enoyl acyl carrier
protein/coenzyme A (ACP/CoA) to acyl-(ACP/CoA) in fatty
acid synthesis. 2-enoyl thioester reductase activity has
been linked in Candida tropicalis as essential in
maintaining mitiochondrial respiratory function. This
ETR family is a part of the medium chain
dehydrogenase/reductase family, but lack the zinc
coordination sites characteristic of the 2-enoyl
thioester reductase (ETR) like proteins. ETR catalyzes
the NADPH-dependent dependent conversion of
trans-2-enoyl acyl carrier protein/coenzyme A (ACP/CoA)
to acyl-(ACP/CoA) in fatty acid synthesis. 2-enoyl
thioester reductase activity has been linked in Candida
tropicalis as essential in maintaining mitiochondrial
respiratory function. This ETR family is a part of the
medium chain dehydrogenase/reductase family, but lack
the zinc coordination sites characteristic of the
alcohol dehydrogenases in this family.
NAD(P)(H)-dependent oxidoreductases are the major
enzymes in the interconversion of alcohols and
aldehydes, or ketones. Alcohol dehydrogenase in the
liver converts ethanol and NAD+ to acetaldehyde and
NADH, while in yeast and some other microorganisms ADH
catalyzes the conversion acetaldehyde to ethanol in
alcoholic fermentation. ADH is a member of the medium
chain alcohol dehydrogenase family (MDR), which has a
NAD(P)(H)-binding domain in a Rossmann fold of a
beta-alpha form. The NAD(H)-binding region is comprised
of 2 structurally similar halves, each of which contacts
a mononucleotide. The N-terminal catalytic domain has a
distant homology to GroES. These proteins typically
form dimers (typically higher plants, mammals) or
tetramers (yeast, bacteria), and have 2 tightly bound
zinc atoms per subunit, a catalytic zinc at the active
site, and a structural zinc in a lobe of the catalytic
domain. NAD(H) binding occurs in the cleft between the
catalytic and coenzyme-binding domains, at the active
site, and coenzyme binding induces a conformational
closing of this cleft. Coenzyme binding typically
precedes and contributes to substrate binding. Candida
tropicalis enoyl thioester reductase (Etr1p) catalyzes
the NADPH-dependent reduction of trans-2-enoyl
thioesters in mitochondrial fatty acid synthesis. Etr1p
forms homodimers, with each subunit containing a
nucleotide-binding Rossmann fold domain and a catalytic
domain.
Length = 324
Score = 51.2 bits (123), Expect = 1e-07
Identities = 24/71 (33%), Positives = 38/71 (53%), Gaps = 3/71 (4%)
Query: 117 LETIQVAP--PKAGEVRIKIVSTAICHTDAYTLDG-LDSEGKFPCVLGHEGSGIVESVGE 173
LE +V P AGEV ++ + I + D +T+ G + + P + G E G+V++VGE
Sbjct: 16 LEIGEVPKPTPGAGEVLVRTTLSPIHNHDLWTIRGTYGYKPELPAIGGSEAVGVVDAVGE 75
Query: 174 GVTSVAPGDHV 184
GV + G V
Sbjct: 76 GVKGLQVGQRV 86
>gnl|CDD|176180 cd05276, p53_inducible_oxidoreductase, PIG3 p53-inducible quinone
oxidoreductase. PIG3 p53-inducible quinone
oxidoreductase, a medium chain dehydrogenase/reductase
family member, acts in the apoptotic pathway. PIG3
reduces ortho-quinones, but its apoptotic activity has
been attributed to oxidative stress generation, since
overexpression of PIG3 accumulates reactive oxygen
species. PIG3 resembles the MDR family member quinone
reductases, which catalyze the reduction of quinone to
hydroxyquinone. NAD(P)(H)-dependent oxidoreductases are
the major enzymes in the interconversion of alcohols and
aldehydes or ketones. Alcohol dehydrogenase in the
liver converts ethanol and NAD+ to acetaldehyde and
NADH, while in yeast and some other microorganisms ADH
catalyzes the conversion acetaldehyde to ethanol in
alcoholic fermentation. ADH is a member of the medium
chain alcohol dehydrogenase family (MDR), which has a
NAD(P)(H)-binding domain in a Rossmann fold of a
beta-alpha form. The NAD(H)-binding region is comprised
of 2 structurally similar halves, each of which contacts
a mononucleotide. A GxGxxG motif after the first
mononucleotide contact half allows the close contact of
the coenzyme with the ADH backbone. The N-terminal
catalytic domain has a distant homology to GroES.
These proteins typically form dimers (typically higher
plants, mammals) or tetramers (yeast, bacteria), and
have 2 tightly bound zinc atoms per subunit, a catalytic
zinc at the active site, and a structural zinc in a lobe
of the catalytic domain. NAD(H) binding occurs in the
cleft between the catalytic and coenzyme-binding domains
at the active site, and coenzyme binding induces a
conformational closing of this cleft. Coenzyme binding
typically precedes and contributes to substrate binding.
In human ADH catalysis, the zinc ion helps coordinate
the alcohol, followed by deprotonation of a histidine,
the ribose of NAD, a serine, then the alcohol, which
allows the transfer of a hydride to NAD+, creating NADH
and a zinc-bound aldehyde or ketone. In yeast and some
bacteria, the active site zinc binds an aldehyde,
polarizing it, and leading to the reverse reaction.
Length = 323
Score = 50.1 bits (121), Expect = 3e-07
Identities = 30/89 (33%), Positives = 41/89 (46%), Gaps = 13/89 (14%)
Query: 104 KAAVAWEPKKP--LSLETIQVAPPKAGEVRIKIVSTAICHTDAYTLDGLDSEGKFPC--- 158
KA V EP P L L + P GEV I++ + + D L +G +P
Sbjct: 2 KAIVIKEPGGPEVLELGEVPKPAPGPGEVLIRVAAAGVNRADL-----LQRQGLYPPPPG 56
Query: 159 ---VLGHEGSGIVESVGEGVTSVAPGDHV 184
+LG E +G+V +VG GVT GD V
Sbjct: 57 ASDILGLEVAGVVVAVGPGVTGWKVGDRV 85
>gnl|CDD|234025 TIGR02819, fdhA_non_GSH, formaldehyde dehydrogenase,
glutathione-independent. Members of this family
represent a distinct clade within the larger family of
zinc-dependent dehydrogenases of medium chain alcohols,
a family that also includes the so-called
glutathione-dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenase.
Members of this protein family have a tightly bound NAD
that can act as a true cofactor, rather than a
cosubstrate in dehydrogenase reactions, in dismutase
reactions for some aldehydes. The name given to this
family, however, is formaldehyde dehydrogenase,
glutathione-independent [Central intermediary
metabolism, One-carbon metabolism].
Length = 393
Score = 49.1 bits (117), Expect = 9e-07
Identities = 28/78 (35%), Positives = 40/78 (51%), Gaps = 3/78 (3%)
Query: 130 VRIKIVSTAICHTDAYTLDGLDSEGKFPCVLGHEGSGIVESVGEGVTSVAPGDHV-IPLY 188
V +K+V+T IC +D + + G + VLGHE +G V G V + GD V +P
Sbjct: 36 VILKVVTTNICGSDQHMVRG-RTTAPTGLVLGHEITGEVIEKGRDVEFIKIGDIVSVPFN 94
Query: 189 IPQCNECKFCKSSKTNLC 206
I C C+ CK T +C
Sbjct: 95 I-ACGRCRNCKEGHTGVC 111
>gnl|CDD|176234 cd08273, MDR8, Medium chain dehydrogenases/reductase
(MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase-like family.
This group is a member of the medium chain
dehydrogenases/reductase (MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol
dehydrogenase-like family, but lacks the zinc-binding
sites of the zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases. The
medium chain dehydrogenases/reductase
(MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase-like family,
which contains the zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase
(ADH-Zn) and related proteins, is a diverse group of
proteins related to the first identified member, class I
mammalian ADH. MDRs display a broad range of activities
and are distinguished from the smaller short chain
dehydrogenases (~ 250 amino acids vs. the ~ 350 amino
acids of the MDR). The MDR proteins have 2 domains: a
C-terminal NAD(P)-binding Rossmann fold domain of a
beta-alpha form and an N-terminal catalytic domain with
distant homology to GroES. The MDR group contains a
host of activities, including the founding alcohol
dehydrogenase (ADH), quinone reductase, sorbitol
dehydrogenase, formaldehyde dehydrogenase, butanediol
DH, ketose reductase, cinnamyl reductase, and numerous
others. The zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs)
catalyze the NAD(P)(H)-dependent interconversion of
alcohols to aldehydes or ketones. Active site zinc has
a catalytic role, while structural zinc aids in
stability. ADH-like proteins typically form dimers
(typically higher plants, mammals) or tetramers (yeast,
bacteria), and generally have 2 tightly bound zinc atoms
per subunit. The active site zinc is coordinated by a
histidine, two cysteines, and a water molecule. The
second zinc seems to play a structural role, affects
subunit interactions, and is typically coordinated by 4
cysteines.
Length = 331
Score = 48.4 bits (116), Expect = 1e-06
Identities = 22/76 (28%), Positives = 35/76 (46%), Gaps = 1/76 (1%)
Query: 115 LSLETIQVAPPKAGEVRIKIVSTAICHTDAYTLDGL-DSEGKFPCVLGHEGSGIVESVGE 173
L + + P AGEV +K+ ++ + D GL + P G++ G V+++G
Sbjct: 15 LKVVEADLPEPAAGEVVVKVEASGVSFADVQMRRGLYPDQPPLPFTPGYDLVGRVDALGS 74
Query: 174 GVTSVAPGDHVIPLYI 189
GVT GD V L
Sbjct: 75 GVTGFEVGDRVAALTR 90
>gnl|CDD|176208 cd08246, crotonyl_coA_red, crotonyl-CoA reductase. Crotonyl-CoA
reductase, a member of the medium chain
dehydrogenase/reductase family, catalyzes the
NADPH-dependent conversion of crotonyl-CoA to
butyryl-CoA, a step in (2S)-methylmalonyl-CoA
production for straight-chain fatty acid biosynthesis.
Like enoyl reductase, another enzyme in fatty acid
synthesis, crotonyl-CoA reductase is a member of the
zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase-like medium chain
dehydrogenase/reductase family. The medium chain
dehydrogenases/reductase (MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol
dehydrogenase-like family, which contains the
zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH-Zn) and
related proteins, is a diverse group of proteins related
to the first identified member, class I mammalian ADH.
MDRs display a broad range of activities and are
distinguished from the smaller short chain
dehydrogenases (~ 250 amino acids vs. the ~ 350 amino
acids of the MDR). The MDR proteins have 2 domains: a
C-terminal NAD(P) binding-Rossmann fold domain of a
beta-alpha form and an N-terminal catalytic domain with
distant homology to GroES.
Length = 393
Score = 47.4 bits (113), Expect = 3e-06
Identities = 20/86 (23%), Positives = 40/86 (46%), Gaps = 10/86 (11%)
Query: 110 EPKKPLSLETIQVAPPKAGEVRIKIVSTAICHTDAYT-----LDGLDSEGKFPC-----V 159
+P + + LE + V GEV + +++ + + + + + + + +
Sbjct: 25 DPAQAIQLEDVPVPELGPGEVLVAVMAAGVNYNNVWAALGEPVSTFAARQRRGRDEPYHI 84
Query: 160 LGHEGSGIVESVGEGVTSVAPGDHVI 185
G + SGIV +VGEGV + GD V+
Sbjct: 85 GGSDASGIVWAVGEGVKNWKVGDEVV 110
>gnl|CDD|214840 smart00829, PKS_ER, Enoylreductase. Enoylreductase in Polyketide
synthases.
Length = 287
Score = 46.6 bits (112), Expect = 4e-06
Identities = 15/29 (51%), Positives = 19/29 (65%)
Query: 157 PCVLGHEGSGIVESVGEGVTSVAPGDHVI 185
VLG E +G+V VG GVT +A GD V+
Sbjct: 23 EAVLGGECAGVVTRVGPGVTGLAVGDRVM 51
>gnl|CDD|188164 TIGR01751, crot-CoA-red, crotonyl-CoA reductase. The enzyme
modelled by This model is responsible for the conversion
of crotonyl-CoA reductase to butyryl-CoA. In serine
cycle methylotrophic bacteria this enzyme is involved in
the process of acetyl-CoA to glyoxylate. In other
bacteria the enzyme is used to produce butyrate for
incorporation into polyketides such as tylosin from
Streptomyces fradiae and coronatine from Pseudomonas
syringae.
Length = 398
Score = 46.3 bits (110), Expect = 7e-06
Identities = 23/87 (26%), Positives = 41/87 (47%), Gaps = 11/87 (12%)
Query: 110 EPKKPLSLETIQVAPPKAGEVRIKIVSTAICHTDAY--------TLDGLDSEGKFPC--- 158
+P++ + LE + V GEV + +++ + + + + T L GK
Sbjct: 20 DPRQAIQLEVVPVPELGPGEVLVAVMAAGVNYNNVWAALGEPVSTFAFLRKYGKLDLPFH 79
Query: 159 VLGHEGSGIVESVGEGVTSVAPGDHVI 185
++G + SG+V VG GVT GD V+
Sbjct: 80 IIGSDASGVVWRVGPGVTRWKVGDEVV 106
>gnl|CDD|234027 TIGR02824, quinone_pig3, putative NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase,
PIG3 family. Members of this family are putative
quinone oxidoreductases that belong to the broader
superfamily (modeled by Pfam pfam00107) of
zinc-dependent alcohol (of medium chain length)
dehydrogenases and quinone oxiooreductases. The
alignment shows no motif of conserved Cys residues as
are found in zinc-binding members of the superfamily,
and members are likely to be quinone oxidoreductases
instead. A member of this family in Homo sapiens, PIG3,
is induced by p53 but is otherwise uncharacterized
[Unknown function, Enzymes of unknown specificity].
Length = 325
Score = 45.3 bits (108), Expect = 1e-05
Identities = 33/92 (35%), Positives = 44/92 (47%), Gaps = 13/92 (14%)
Query: 104 KAAVAWEPKKPLSLETIQVAPP--KAGEVRIKIVSTAICHTDAYTLDGLDSEGKFPC--- 158
KA EP P L ++V P KAGEV I++ + + D L GK+P
Sbjct: 2 KAIEITEPGGPEVLVLVEVPLPVPKAGEVLIRVAAAGVNRPDL-----LQRAGKYPPPPG 56
Query: 159 ---VLGHEGSGIVESVGEGVTSVAPGDHVIPL 187
+LG E +G V +VGEGV+ GD V L
Sbjct: 57 ASDILGLEVAGEVVAVGEGVSRWKVGDRVCAL 88
>gnl|CDD|176212 cd08250, Mgc45594_like, Mgc45594 gene product and other MDR family
members. Includes Human Mgc45594 gene product of
undetermined function. The medium chain
dehydrogenases/reductase (MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol
dehydrogenase-like family, which contains the
zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH-Zn) and
related proteins, is a diverse group of proteins related
to the first identified member, class I mammalian ADH.
MDRs display a broad range of activities and are
distinguished from the smaller short chain
dehydrogenases (~ 250 amino acids vs. the ~ 350 amino
acids of the MDR). The MDR proteins have 2 domains: a
C-terminal NAD(P) binding-Rossmann fold domain of a
beta-alpha form and an N-terminal catalytic domain with
distant homology to GroES.
Length = 329
Score = 44.6 bits (106), Expect = 2e-05
Identities = 27/70 (38%), Positives = 33/70 (47%), Gaps = 1/70 (1%)
Query: 116 SLETIQVAPPKAGEVRIKIVSTAICHTDA-YTLDGLDSEGKFPCVLGHEGSGIVESVGEG 174
S+ + V P GEV +K I +D +T D K P G EG G V +VGEG
Sbjct: 19 SIVDVPVPLPGPGEVLVKNRFVGINASDINFTAGRYDPGVKPPFDCGFEGVGEVVAVGEG 78
Query: 175 VTSVAPGDHV 184
VT GD V
Sbjct: 79 VTDFKVGDAV 88
>gnl|CDD|173547 PTZ00354, PTZ00354, alcohol dehydrogenase; Provisional.
Length = 334
Score = 44.3 bits (105), Expect = 3e-05
Identities = 24/79 (30%), Positives = 34/79 (43%), Gaps = 11/79 (13%)
Query: 115 LSLETIQVAPPKAGEVRIKIVSTAICHTDAYTLDGLDSEGKFPC------VLGHEGSGIV 168
L + PK +V IK+ + + D L +GK+P +LG E +G V
Sbjct: 16 LKIGESPKPAPKRNDVLIKVSAAGVNRADT-----LQRQGKYPPPPGSSEILGLEVAGYV 70
Query: 169 ESVGEGVTSVAPGDHVIPL 187
E VG V GD V+ L
Sbjct: 71 EDVGSDVKRFKEGDRVMAL 89
>gnl|CDD|182130 PRK09880, PRK09880, L-idonate 5-dehydrogenase; Provisional.
Length = 343
Score = 43.9 bits (104), Expect = 4e-05
Identities = 32/122 (26%), Positives = 50/122 (40%), Gaps = 25/122 (20%)
Query: 101 IECKAAVAWEPKKPLSLETIQVAPPKAGEVRIKIVSTAICHTDA-YTLDGL--DSEGKFP 157
++ ++ V KK +++ ++ G ++I IC +D Y +G + K P
Sbjct: 3 VKTQSCVV-AGKKDVAVTEQEIEWNNNG-TLVQITRGGICGSDLHYYQEGKVGNFVIKAP 60
Query: 158 CVLGHEGSGIVESVGEGVTSVAPGDHVIPLYIPQ---------CNECKFCKSSKTNLCTK 208
VLGHE G + V S + G L Q C CK+C S N CT
Sbjct: 61 MVLGHEVIGKI------VHSDSSG-----LKEGQTVAINPSKPCGHCKYCLSHNENQCTT 109
Query: 209 IR 210
+R
Sbjct: 110 MR 111
>gnl|CDD|176223 cd08262, Zn_ADH8, Alcohol dehydrogenases of the MDR family. The
medium chain dehydrogenases/reductase
(MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase-like family,
which contains the zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase
(ADH-Zn) and related proteins, is a diverse group of
proteins related to the first identified member, class I
mammalian ADH. MDRs display a broad range of activities
and are distinguished from the smaller short chain
dehydrogenases (~ 250 amino acids vs. the ~ 350 amino
acids of the MDR). The MDR proteins have 2 domains: a
C-terminal NAD(P)-binding Rossmann fold domain of a
beta-alpha form and an N-terminal catalytic domain with
distant homology to GroES. The MDR group contains a
host of activities, including the founding alcohol
dehydrogenase (ADH), quinone reductase, sorbitol
dehydrogenase, formaldehyde dehydrogenase, butanediol
DH, ketose reductase, cinnamyl reductase, and numerous
others. The zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs)
catalyze the NAD(P)(H)-dependent interconversion of
alcohols to aldehydes or ketones. Active site zinc has
a catalytic role, while structural zinc aids in
stability. ADH-like proteins typically form dimers
(typically higher plants, mammals) or tetramers (yeast,
bacteria), and generally have 2 tightly bound zinc atoms
per subunit. The active site zinc is coordinated by a
histidine, two cysteines, and a water molecule. The
second zinc seems to play a structural role, affects
subunit interactions, and is typically coordinated by 4
cysteines.
Length = 341
Score = 41.5 bits (98), Expect = 2e-04
Identities = 26/98 (26%), Positives = 37/98 (37%), Gaps = 15/98 (15%)
Query: 114 PLSLETIQVAPPKAGEVRIKIVSTAICHTD---------AYTLDGLDSEGKFPC--VLGH 162
PL + + P G+V +K+++ IC +D G S VLGH
Sbjct: 10 PLVVRDVPDPEPGPGQVLVKVLACGICGSDLHATAHPEAMVDDAGGPSLMDLGADIVLGH 69
Query: 163 EGSGIVESVGEGVTS-VAPGDHV--IPLYI-PQCNECK 196
E G V G G + G V +PL + Q C
Sbjct: 70 EFCGEVVDYGPGTERKLKVGTRVTSLPLLLCGQGASCG 107
>gnl|CDD|176210 cd08248, RTN4I1, Human Reticulon 4 Interacting Protein 1. Human
Reticulon 4 Interacting Protein 1 is a member of the
medium chain dehydrogenase/ reductase (MDR) family.
Riticulons are endoplasmic reticulum associated proteins
involved in membrane trafficking and neuroendocrine
secretion. The MDR/zinc-dependent alcohol
dehydrogenase-like family, which contains the
zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH-Zn) and
related proteins, is a diverse group of proteins related
to the first identified member, class I mammalian ADH.
MDRs display a broad range of activities and are
distinguished from the smaller short chain
dehydrogenases (~ 250 amino acids vs. the ~ 350 amino
acids of the MDR). The MDR proteins have 2 domains: a
C-terminal NAD(P) binding-Rossmann fold domain of a
beta-alpha form and an N-terminal catalytic domain with
distant homology to GroES.
Length = 350
Score = 39.5 bits (93), Expect = 0.001
Identities = 16/51 (31%), Positives = 22/51 (43%), Gaps = 3/51 (5%)
Query: 145 YTLDGLDSEGKFPCVLGHEGSGIVESVGEGVTSVAPGDHV---IPLYIPQC 192
S +FP LG + SG+V +G GV S GD V +P +
Sbjct: 62 KPQSCKYSGIEFPLTLGRDCSGVVVDIGSGVKSFEIGDEVWGAVPPWSQGT 112
>gnl|CDD|234024 TIGR02817, adh_fam_1, zinc-binding alcohol dehydrogenase family
protein. Members of this model form a distinct subset
of the larger family of oxidoreductases that includes
zinc-binding alcohol dehydrogenases and NADPH:quinone
reductases (pfam00107). While some current members of
this family carry designations as putative alginate
lyase, it seems no sequence with a direct
characterization as such is detected by this model
[Energy metabolism, Fermentation].
Length = 336
Score = 38.6 bits (90), Expect = 0.002
Identities = 26/87 (29%), Positives = 41/87 (47%), Gaps = 10/87 (11%)
Query: 106 AVAWEPKKPL----SLETIQVAPPKAGE----VRIKIVSTAICHTDAYTLDGLDSEGKFP 157
AV ++ P+ +L I + PK G V +K +S + D + E P
Sbjct: 2 AVGYKKPLPITDPDALVDIDLPKPKPGGRDLLVEVKAIS--VNPVDTKVRARMAPEAGQP 59
Query: 158 CVLGHEGSGIVESVGEGVTSVAPGDHV 184
+LG + +G+V +VG+ VT PGD V
Sbjct: 60 KILGWDAAGVVVAVGDEVTLFKPGDEV 86
>gnl|CDD|132409 TIGR03366, HpnZ_proposed, putative phosphonate catabolism
associated alcohol dehydrogenase. This clade of
zinc-binding alcohol dehydrogenases (members of
pfam00107) are repeatedly associated with genes proposed
to be involved with the catabolism of phosphonate
compounds.
Length = 280
Score = 37.9 bits (88), Expect = 0.003
Identities = 16/58 (27%), Positives = 22/58 (37%), Gaps = 6/58 (10%)
Query: 159 VLGHEGSGIVESVGEGVTS------VAPGDHVIPLYIPQCNECKFCKSSKTNLCTKIR 210
VLGHE G V ++ G T + G V+ C C C+ C +R
Sbjct: 1 VLGHEIVGEVVALRGGFTPADDGVPLRLGQRVVWSVTVPCGRCFRCRRGLPQKCDSLR 58
>gnl|CDD|176183 cd05280, MDR_yhdh_yhfp, Yhdh and yhfp-like putative quinone
oxidoreductases. Yhdh and yhfp-like putative quinone
oxidoreductases (QOR). QOR catalyzes the conversion of a
quinone + NAD(P)H to a hydroquinone + NAD(P)+. Quinones
are cyclic diones derived from aromatic compounds.
Membrane bound QOR actin the respiratory chains of
bacteria and mitochondria, while soluble QOR acts to
protect from toxic quinones (e.g. DT-diaphorase) or as a
soluble eye-lens protein in some vertebrates (e.g.
zeta-crystalin). QOR reduces quinones through a
semi-quinone intermediate via a NAD(P)H-dependent single
electron transfer. QOR is a member of the medium chain
dehydrogenase/reductase family, but lacks the
zinc-binding sites of the prototypical alcohol
dehydrogenases of this group. NAD(P)(H)-dependent
oxidoreductases are the major enzymes in the
interconversion of alcohols and aldehydes, or ketones.
Alcohol dehydrogenase in the liver converts ethanol and
NAD+ to acetaldehyde and NADH, while in yeast and some
other microorganisms ADH catalyzes the conversion
acetaldehyde to ethanol in alcoholic fermentation. ADH
is a member of the medium chain alcohol dehydrogenase
family (MDR), which has a NAD(P)(H)-binding domain in a
Rossmann fold of a beta-alpha form. The NAD(H)-binding
region is comprised of 2 structurally similar halves,
each of which contacts a mononucleotide. A GxGxxG motif
after the first mononucleotide contact half allows the
close contact of the coenzyme with the ADH backbone.
The N-terminal catalytic domain has a distant homology
to GroES. These proteins typically form dimers
(typically higher plants, mammals) or tetramers (yeast,
bacteria), and have 2 tightly bound zinc atoms per
subunit, a catalytic zinc at the active site and a
structural zinc in a lobe of the catalytic domain.
NAD(H) binding occurs in the cleft between the catalytic
and coenzyme-binding domains at the active site, and
coenzyme binding induces a conformational closing of
this cleft. Coenzyme binding typically precedes and
contributes to substrate binding. In human ADH
catalysis, the zinc ion helps coordinate the alcohol,
followed by deprotonation of a histidine, the ribose of
NAD, a serine, then the alcohol, which allows the
transfer of a hydride to NAD+, creating NADH and a
zinc-bound aldehyde or ketone. In yeast and some
bacteria, the active site zinc binds an aldehyde,
polarizing it, and leading to the reverse reaction.
Length = 325
Score = 37.5 bits (88), Expect = 0.004
Identities = 17/73 (23%), Positives = 30/73 (41%), Gaps = 9/73 (12%)
Query: 117 LETIQVAPPKAGEVRIKIVSTAICHTDAYTLDGLDSEGK----FPCVLGHEGSGIVESVG 172
L T+ + G+V I++ +++ + DA G G +P G + +G V S
Sbjct: 17 LRTLPLDDLPEGDVLIRVHYSSLNYKDALAATG---NGGVTRNYPHTPGIDAAGTVVSS- 72
Query: 173 EGVTSVAPGDHVI 185
GD V+
Sbjct: 73 -DDPRFREGDEVL 84
>gnl|CDD|176217 cd08255, 2-desacetyl-2-hydroxyethyl_bacteriochlorophyllide_like,
2-desacetyl-2-hydroxyethyl bacteriochlorophyllide and
other MDR family members. This subgroup of the medium
chain dehydrogenases/reductase (MDR)/zinc-dependent
alcohol dehydrogenase-like family has members identified
as 2-desacetyl-2-hydroxyethyl bacteriochlorophyllide A
dehydrogenase and alcohol dehydrogenases. The medium
chain dehydrogenases/reductase (MDR)/zinc-dependent
alcohol dehydrogenase-like family, which contains the
zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH-Zn) and
related proteins, is a diverse group of proteins related
to the first identified member, class I mammalian ADH.
MDRs display a broad range of activities and are
distinguished from the smaller short chain
dehydrogenases (~ 250 amino acids vs. the ~ 350 amino
acids of the MDR). The MDR proteins have 2 domains: a
C-terminal NAD(P) binding-Rossmann fold domain of a
beta-alpha form and an N-terminal catalytic domain with
distant homology to GroES. The MDR group contains a
host of activities, including the founding alcohol
dehydrogenase (ADH), quinone reductase, sorbitol
dehydrogenase, formaldehyde dehydrogenase, butanediol
DH, ketose reductase, cinnamyl reductase, and numerous
others. The zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs)
catalyze the NAD(P)(H)-dependent interconversion of
alcohols to aldehydes or ketones. Active site zinc has
a catalytic role, while structural zinc aids in
stability.
Length = 277
Score = 36.1 bits (84), Expect = 0.010
Identities = 13/28 (46%), Positives = 14/28 (50%)
Query: 157 PCVLGHEGSGIVESVGEGVTSVAPGDHV 184
P G+ G V VG GVT PGD V
Sbjct: 21 PLPPGYSSVGRVVEVGSGVTGFKPGDRV 48
>gnl|CDD|176235 cd08274, MDR9, Medium chain dehydrogenases/reductase
(MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase-like family.
This group is a member of the medium chain
dehydrogenases/reductase (MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol
dehydrogenase-like family, but lacks the zinc-binding
sites of the zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases. The
medium chain dehydrogenases/reductase
(MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase-like family,
which contains the zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase
(ADH-Zn) and related proteins, is a diverse group of
proteins related to the first identified member, class I
mammalian ADH. MDRs display a broad range of activities
and are distinguished from the smaller short chain
dehydrogenases (~ 250 amino acids vs. the ~ 350 amino
acids of the MDR). The MDR proteins have 2 domains: a
C-terminal NAD(P)-binding Rossmann fold domain of a
beta-alpha form and an N-terminal catalytic domain with
distant homology to GroES. The MDR group contains a
host of activities, including the founding alcohol
dehydrogenase (ADH), quinone reductase, sorbitol
dehydrogenase, formaldehyde dehydrogenase, butanediol
DH, ketose reductase, cinnamyl reductase, and numerous
others. The zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs)
catalyze the NAD(P)(H)-dependent interconversion of
alcohols to aldehydes or ketones. Active site zinc has
a catalytic role, while structural zinc aids in
stability. ADH-like proteins typically form dimers
(typically higher plants, mammals) or tetramers (yeast,
bacteria), and generally have 2 tightly bound zinc atoms
per subunit. The active site zinc is coordinated by a
histidine, two cysteines, and a water molecule. The
second zinc seems to play a structural role, affects
subunit interactions, and is typically coordinated by 4
cysteines.
Length = 350
Score = 34.6 bits (80), Expect = 0.037
Identities = 26/92 (28%), Positives = 38/92 (41%), Gaps = 23/92 (25%)
Query: 117 LETIQVAP---PKAGEVRIKIVSTAICHTDAYTLDG---------LDSEG---------- 154
L P P GEV I++ + + +TD T +G DS G
Sbjct: 15 LVYRDDVPVPTPAPGEVLIRVGACGVNNTDINTREGWYSTEVDGATDSTGAGEAGWWGGT 74
Query: 155 -KFPCVLGHEGSGIVESVGEGVTSVAPGDHVI 185
FP + G + G V +VGEGV + G+ V+
Sbjct: 75 LSFPRIQGADIVGRVVAVGEGVDTARIGERVL 106
>gnl|CDD|176206 cd08244, MDR_enoyl_red, Possible enoyl reductase. Member
identified as possible enoyl reductase of the MDR
family. 2-enoyl thioester reductase (ETR) catalyzes the
NADPH-dependent dependent conversion of trans-2-enoyl
acyl carrier protein/coenzyme A (ACP/CoA) to
acyl-(ACP/CoA) in fatty acid synthesis. 2-enoyl
thioester reductase activity has been linked in Candida
tropicalis as essential in maintaining mitiochondrial
respiratory function. This ETR family is a part of the
medium chain dehydrogenase/reductase family, but lack
the zinc coordination sites characteristic of the
alcohol dehydrogenases in this family.
NAD(P)(H)-dependent oxidoreductases are the major
enzymes in the interconversion of alcohols and
aldehydes, or ketones. Alcohol dehydrogenase in the
liver converts ethanol and NAD+ to acetaldehyde and
NADH, while in yeast and some other microorganisms ADH
catalyzes the conversion acetaldehyde to ethanol in
alcoholic fermentation. ADH is a member of the medium
chain alcohol dehydrogenase family (MDR), which has a
NAD(P)(H)-binding domain in a Rossmann fold of a
beta-alpha form. The NAD(H)-binding region is comprised
of 2 structurally similar halves, each of which contacts
a mononucleotide. The N-terminal catalytic domain has a
distant homology to GroES. These proteins typically
form dimers (typically higher plants, mammals) or
tetramers (yeast, bacteria), and have 2 tightly bound
zinc atoms per subunit, a catalytic zinc at the active
site, and a structural zinc in a lobe of the catalytic
domain. NAD(H) binding occurs in the cleft between the
catalytic and coenzyme-binding domains at the active
site, and coenzyme binding induces a conformational
closing of this cleft. Coenzyme binding typically
precedes and contributes to substrate binding. Candida
tropicalis enoyl thioester reductase (Etr1p) catalyzes
the NADPH-dependent reduction of trans-2-enoyl
thioesters in mitochondrial fatty acid synthesis. Etr1p
forms homodimers, with each subunit containing a
nucleotide-binding Rossmann fold domain and a catalytic
domain.
Length = 324
Score = 34.3 bits (79), Expect = 0.049
Identities = 19/64 (29%), Positives = 29/64 (45%), Gaps = 3/64 (4%)
Query: 115 LSLETIQVAPPKAGEVRIKIVSTAICHTDAYTLDGLDSEG---KFPCVLGHEGSGIVESV 171
L E + P G+VRI + + + D G + P V G E +G+V++V
Sbjct: 15 LVPEDVPDPVPGPGQVRIAVAAAGVHFVDTQLRSGWGPGPFPPELPYVPGGEVAGVVDAV 74
Query: 172 GEGV 175
G GV
Sbjct: 75 GPGV 78
>gnl|CDD|176200 cd08238, sorbose_phosphate_red, L-sorbose-1-phosphate reductase.
L-sorbose-1-phosphate reductase, a member of the MDR
family, catalyzes the NADPH-dependent conversion of
l-sorbose 1-phosphate to d-glucitol 6-phosphate in the
metabolism of L-sorbose to (also converts d-fructose
1-phosphate to d-mannitol 6-phosphate). The medium
chain dehydrogenases/reductase (MDR)/zinc-dependent
alcohol dehydrogenase-like family, which contains the
zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH-Zn) and
related proteins, is a diverse group of proteins related
to the first identified member, class I mammalian ADH.
MDRs display a broad range of activities and are
distinguished from the smaller short chain
dehydrogenases (~ 250 amino acids vs. the ~ 350 amino
acids of the MDR). The MDR proteins have 2 domains: a
C-terminal NAD(P) binding-Rossmann fold domain of an
beta-alpha form and an N-terminal catalytic domain with
distant homology to GroES. The MDR group contains a
host of activities, including the founding alcohol
dehydrogenase (ADH), quinone reductase, sorbitol
dehydrogenase, formaldehyde dehydrogenase, butanediol
DH, ketose reductase, cinnamyl reductase, and numerous
others. The zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases
(ADHs) catalyze the NAD(P)(H)-dependent interconversion
of alcohols to aldehydes or ketones. Active site zinc
has a catalytic role, while structural zinc aids in
stability.
Length = 410
Score = 31.6 bits (72), Expect = 0.35
Identities = 18/73 (24%), Positives = 34/73 (46%), Gaps = 15/73 (20%)
Query: 112 KKPLSLETIQVAPPKAGEVRIKIVSTAICHTDAYTL-----------DGLDSEGKFPCVL 160
K L LE ++ E+ ++++S ++C + + L + L E P +L
Sbjct: 11 KGDLRLEKFELPEIADDEILVRVISDSLCFST-WKLALQGSDHKKVPNDLAKE---PVIL 66
Query: 161 GHEGSGIVESVGE 173
GHE +G + VG+
Sbjct: 67 GHEFAGTILKVGK 79
>gnl|CDD|219700 pfam08020, DUF1706, Protein of unknown function (DUF1706). This
family contains many hypothetical proteins from bacteria
and yeast.
Length = 166
Score = 30.6 bits (70), Expect = 0.45
Identities = 7/39 (17%), Positives = 19/39 (48%), Gaps = 1/39 (2%)
Query: 8 AEQYYENYKSKSYKDEEFEQFEKKVDNISRLIANFSNKD 46
+ +Y+ Y+ S ++ + ++ + + LI SN +
Sbjct: 89 NQSFYKKYQDTSLEELK-ALLDESHEEVLALIETLSNDE 126
>gnl|CDD|187835 cd09704, Csx12, CRISPR/Cas system-associated protein Cas9. CRISPR
(Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic
Repeats) and associated Cas proteins comprise a system
for heritable host defense by prokaryotic cells against
phage and other foreign DNA; Very large protein
containing McrA/HNH-nuclease related domain and a
RuvC-like nuclease domain; signature gene for type II.
Length = 804
Score = 31.1 bits (70), Expect = 0.62
Identities = 20/103 (19%), Positives = 36/103 (34%), Gaps = 10/103 (9%)
Query: 10 QYYENYKSKSYKDEEFEQFEKK----VDNISRLIANFSNKD-----KNIAAAAMREAKLL 60
QY+E + ++ E + K V N+ L+ N SN + +A
Sbjct: 213 QYFEEITNVIDENNHQESYLKNFNLSVKNLVNLVGNLSNLQLKPLRRYFNDKIHAKADHW 272
Query: 61 LEDNQHEDKEARVTHELVSKNT-DKLVIRNLCHIMISLPQVIE 102
E E + E K K ++LC+ + +I+
Sbjct: 273 DEQKFTETYCRWILGEDHDKKDGAKYSYKDLCNELKQKVGLID 315
>gnl|CDD|216175 pfam00888, Cullin, Cullin family.
Length = 603
Score = 30.3 bits (68), Expect = 1.1
Identities = 16/57 (28%), Positives = 25/57 (43%), Gaps = 1/57 (1%)
Query: 18 KSYKDEEFEQFEKKVDNISRLIANFSNKDKNIAA-AAMREAKLLLEDNQHEDKEARV 73
KS K E+ E+K+D I L +KD M +LL + +D E ++
Sbjct: 359 KSLKGLNEEELEEKLDKIIVLFKYIEDKDVFEKFYRKMLAKRLLNGTSASDDAEKKM 415
>gnl|CDD|233726 TIGR02099, TIGR02099, TIGR02099 family protein. This model
describes a family of long proteins, over 1250 amino
acids in length and present in the Proteobacteria. The
degree of sequence similarity is low between sequences
from different genera. Apparent membrane-spanning
regions at the N-terminus and C-terminus suggest the
protein is inserted into (or exported through) the
membrane [Hypothetical proteins, Conserved].
Length = 1260
Score = 29.7 bits (67), Expect = 2.0
Identities = 9/31 (29%), Positives = 16/31 (51%), Gaps = 1/31 (3%)
Query: 109 WEPKKP-LSLETIQVAPPKAGEVRIKIVSTA 138
W+ P L L +++ P AG++ + V A
Sbjct: 60 WQRFGPTLELSGVRIGEPDAGQLLVLRVVVA 90
>gnl|CDD|234096 TIGR03031, cas_csx12, CRISPR-associated protein Cas9/Csx12, subtype
II-B/NMENI. Members of this family of CRISPR-associated
(cas) protein are found, so far, in CRISPR/cas loci in
Wolinella succinogenes DSM 1740, Legionella pneumophila
str. Paris, and Francisella tularensis, where the last
probably is an example of a degenerate CRISPR locus,
having neither repeats nor a functional Cas1. The
characteristic repeat length is 37 base pairs and period
is about 72. One region of this large protein shows
sequence similarity to pfam01844, HNH endonuclease
[Mobile and extrachromosomal element functions, Other].
Length = 802
Score = 29.2 bits (65), Expect = 2.3
Identities = 19/103 (18%), Positives = 35/103 (33%), Gaps = 10/103 (9%)
Query: 10 QYYENYKSKSYKDEEFEQFEKK----VDNISRLIANFSNKD-----KNIAAAAMREAKLL 60
Y+E KS K+ + + +KK +S L+ N SN + ++
Sbjct: 213 VYFEEIKSDITKNNQLDSIKKKSNLPSVCLSNLLGNLSNLQLKNLRRYFNDKIHKKPDQW 272
Query: 61 LEDNQHEDKEARVTHELVSKNT-DKLVIRNLCHIMISLPQVIE 102
E + + + K + L +RNL + I
Sbjct: 273 DEQKFGNEFLRMLKNWRHLKGDQESLAVRNLIQQLKQKQDYIS 315
>gnl|CDD|219814 pfam08385, DHC_N1, Dynein heavy chain, N-terminal region 1. Dynein
heavy chains interact with other heavy chains to form
dimers, and with intermediate chain-light chain
complexes to form a basal cargo binding unit. The region
featured in this family includes the sequences
implicated in mediating these interactions. It is
thought to be flexible and not to adopt a rigid
conformation.
Length = 577
Score = 29.2 bits (66), Expect = 2.6
Identities = 9/47 (19%), Positives = 22/47 (46%), Gaps = 10/47 (21%)
Query: 9 EQYYENYKSKSYK----------DEEFEQFEKKVDNISRLIANFSNK 45
++ YE +KS Y + +F++F +++D++ R +
Sbjct: 273 QEAYEEFKSIDYDVLDISAEEEWENDFKEFNERIDDLERRLITLLRD 319
>gnl|CDD|153276 cd07592, BAR_Endophilin_A, The Bin/Amphiphysin/Rvs (BAR) domain
of Endophilin-A. BAR domains are dimerization, lipid
binding and curvature sensing modules found in many
different proteins with diverse functions. Endophilins
are accessory proteins, localized at synapses, which
interact with the endocytic proteins, dynamin and
synaptojanin. They are essential for synaptic vesicle
formation from the plasma membrane. They interact with
voltage-gated calcium channels, thus linking vesicle
endocytosis to calcium regulation. They also play roles
in virus budding, mitochondrial morphology maintenance,
receptor-mediated endocytosis inhibition, and endosomal
sorting. Endophilins contain an N-terminal N-BAR domain
(BAR domain with an additional N-terminal amphipathic
helix), followed by a variable region containing
proline clusters, and a C-terminal SH3 domain. They are
classified into two types, A and B. Vertebrates contain
three endophilin-A isoforms. Endophilin-A proteins are
enriched in the brain and play multiple roles in
receptor-mediated endocytosis. They tubulate membranes
and regulate calcium influx into neurons to trigger the
activation of the endocytic machinery. They are also
involved in the sorting of plasma membrane proteins,
actin filament assembly, and the uncoating of
clathrin-coated vesicles for fusion with endosomes. The
BAR domains of endophilin-A1 and A3 form
crescent-shaped dimers that can detect membrane
curvature and drive membrane bending.
Length = 223
Score = 28.0 bits (63), Expect = 3.8
Identities = 10/26 (38%), Positives = 16/26 (61%)
Query: 22 DEEFEQFEKKVDNISRLIANFSNKDK 47
D+EF + E+K D S+L+ + K K
Sbjct: 6 DDEFLEMERKTDATSKLVEDLIPKTK 31
>gnl|CDD|234084 TIGR03007, pepcterm_ChnLen, polysaccharide chain length determinant
protein, PEP-CTERM locus subfamily. Members of this
protein family belong to the family of polysaccharide
chain length determinant proteins (pfam02706). All are
found in species that encode the PEP-CTERM/exosortase
system predicted to act in protein sorting in a number
of Gram-negative bacteria, and are found near the epsH
homolog that is the putative exosortase gene [Cell
envelope, Biosynthesis and degradation of surface
polysaccharides and lipopolysaccharides].
Length = 498
Score = 28.5 bits (64), Expect = 4.6
Identities = 13/62 (20%), Positives = 29/62 (46%), Gaps = 4/62 (6%)
Query: 13 ENYKSKSYKDEEFEQFEKKVDNISRLIANFSNKDKNIAAAAMREAKLL--LEDNQHEDKE 70
++ ++ + DE+ + +EKK++ + F K +N +E + + Q E +
Sbjct: 158 DSDSAQRFIDEQIKTYEKKLEAAENRLKAF--KQENGGILPDQEGDYYSEISEAQEELEA 215
Query: 71 AR 72
AR
Sbjct: 216 AR 217
>gnl|CDD|240107 cd04760, BAH_Dnmt1_I, BAH, or Bromo Adjacent Homology domain, first
copy present in DNA (Cytosine-5)-methyltransferases from
Bilateria, Dnmt1 and similar proteins. DNA methylation,
or the covalent addition of a methyl group to cytosine
within the context of the CpG dinucleotide, has profound
effects on the genome. These effects include
transcriptional repression via inhibition of
transcription factor binding, the recruitment of
methyl-binding proteins and their associated chromatin
remodeling factors, X chromosome inactivation,
imprinting, and the suppression of parasitic DNA
sequences. DNA methylation is also essential for proper
embryonic development and is an important player in both
DNA repair and genome stability. BAH domains are found
in a variety of proteins playing roles in
transcriptional silencing and the remodeling of
chromatin. It is assumed that in most or all of these
instances the BAH domain mediates protein-protein
interactions.
Length = 124
Score = 27.0 bits (60), Expect = 5.4
Identities = 18/59 (30%), Positives = 23/59 (38%), Gaps = 14/59 (23%)
Query: 171 VGEGVTSVAPGDHVIPLYIPQ-------------CNECKFCKSSKTNLCTKIRTTQLFL 216
G+ V SV P D PLYI + + FC+ S T L +LFL
Sbjct: 6 AGDCV-SVKPDDPTKPLYIARVTYMWKDSIGGKMFHAHWFCRGSDTVLGETSDPLELFL 63
>gnl|CDD|239879 cd04416, NDPk_TX, NDP kinase domain of thioredoxin
domain-containing proteins (TXNDC3 and TXNDC6): Txl-2
(TXNDC6) and Sptrx-2 (TXNDC3) are fusion proteins of
Group II N-terminal thioredoxin domains followed by one
or three NDP kinase domains, respectively. Sptrx-2,
which has a tissue specific distribution in human
testis, has been considered as a member of the nm23
family (nm23-H8) and exhibits a high homology with sea
urchin IC1 (intermediate chain-1) protein, a component
of the sperm axonemal outer dynein arm complex. Txl-2
is mainly represented in close association with
microtubules within tissues with cilia and flagella
such as seminiferous epithelium (spermatids) and lung
airway epithelium, suggesting possible role in control
of microtubule stability and maintenance.
Length = 132
Score = 26.8 bits (60), Expect = 7.2
Identities = 12/37 (32%), Positives = 22/37 (59%), Gaps = 7/37 (18%)
Query: 1 MALPEEQAEQYYENYKSKSYKDEEFEQFEKKVDNISR 37
M L EEQA ++Y K +++E++ FE V+ ++
Sbjct: 36 MVLTEEQAREFY-----KEHEEEDY--FEDLVEFMTS 65
>gnl|CDD|214787 smart00721, BAR, BAR domain.
Length = 239
Score = 27.3 bits (61), Expect = 7.4
Identities = 13/54 (24%), Positives = 20/54 (37%), Gaps = 5/54 (9%)
Query: 22 DEEFEQFEKKVDNISRLIANFSNK-----DKNIAAAAMREAKLLLEDNQHEDKE 70
DE+FE+ E++ D I N A A ++ L + E E
Sbjct: 26 DEDFEELERRFDTTEAEIEKLQKDTKLYLQPNPAVRAKLASQKKLSKSLGEVYE 79
>gnl|CDD|236408 PRK09200, PRK09200, preprotein translocase subunit SecA; Reviewed.
Length = 790
Score = 27.6 bits (62), Expect = 7.4
Identities = 23/108 (21%), Positives = 42/108 (38%), Gaps = 30/108 (27%)
Query: 6 EQAEQYYENYKSKSYKDEEFEQFEKK-------------VDNISRL---IANFSNKDKNI 49
E+AE+ + ++K + QF +K VD + +L I +N
Sbjct: 686 EEAEKQLKEKRNKLPSATLYNQFLRKVALKAIDQNWVEQVDALQQLKEGIGLRQYGQRN- 744
Query: 50 AAAAMREAKLLLEDNQHEDKEARVTHELVSKNTDKLVIRNLCHIMISL 97
+RE + KEA + E + +N K ++RNL ++
Sbjct: 745 ---PIREYQ----------KEALESFEYMYENIKKDMVRNLLLSLLVF 779
>gnl|CDD|197791 smart00562, NDK, Enzymes that catalyze nonsubstrate specific
conversions of nucleoside diphosphates to nucleoside
triphosphates. These enzymes play important roles in
bacterial growth, signal transduction and
pathogenicity.
Length = 135
Score = 26.7 bits (60), Expect = 7.7
Identities = 10/36 (27%), Positives = 19/36 (52%), Gaps = 7/36 (19%)
Query: 1 MALPEEQAEQYYENYKSKSYKDEEFEQFEKKVDNIS 36
+ L EEQAE++Y ++ K + F V+ ++
Sbjct: 37 LQLTEEQAEEFYAEHEGKPF-------FNDLVEFMT 65
>gnl|CDD|220523 pfam10020, DUF2262, Uncharacterized protein conserved in bacteria
(DUF2262). This domain, found in various hypothetical
bacterial proteins, has no known function.
Length = 144
Score = 26.5 bits (59), Expect = 8.8
Identities = 17/56 (30%), Positives = 26/56 (46%)
Query: 22 DEEFEQFEKKVDNISRLIANFSNKDKNIAAAAMREAKLLLEDNQHEDKEARVTHEL 77
D + E+ EK + + +L N DK I A A + L D + +D EA E+
Sbjct: 37 DNDEEKIEKALKTLKKLFKNIEEWDKKIKAFAAEKLLELANDWREDDDEAEDDPEI 92
>gnl|CDD|237452 PRK13632, cbiO, cobalt transporter ATP-binding subunit;
Provisional.
Length = 271
Score = 26.9 bits (60), Expect = 10.0
Identities = 8/14 (57%), Positives = 11/14 (78%)
Query: 153 EGKFPCVLGHEGSG 166
EG++ +LGH GSG
Sbjct: 34 EGEYVAILGHNGSG 47
Database: CDD.v3.10
Posted date: Mar 20, 2013 7:55 AM
Number of letters in database: 10,937,602
Number of sequences in database: 44,354
Lambda K H
0.316 0.131 0.376
Gapped
Lambda K H
0.267 0.0902 0.140
Matrix: BLOSUM62
Gap Penalties: Existence: 11, Extension: 1
Number of Sequences: 44354
Number of Hits to DB: 12,651,369
Number of extensions: 1146762
Number of successful extensions: 1534
Number of sequences better than 10.0: 1
Number of HSP's gapped: 1425
Number of HSP's successfully gapped: 142
Length of query: 261
Length of database: 10,937,602
Length adjustment: 95
Effective length of query: 166
Effective length of database: 6,723,972
Effective search space: 1116179352
Effective search space used: 1116179352
Neighboring words threshold: 11
Window for multiple hits: 40
X1: 16 ( 7.3 bits)
X2: 38 (14.6 bits)
X3: 64 (24.7 bits)
S1: 41 (21.6 bits)
S2: 58 (25.8 bits)