>TIGR00224 pckA phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (ATP); InterPro: IPR001272 Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) catalyses the first committed (rate-limiting) step in hepatic gluconeogenesis, namely the reversible decarboxylation of oxaloacetate to phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) and carbon dioxide, using either ATP or GTP as a source of phosphate. The ATP-utilising (4.1.1.49 from EC) and GTP-utilising (4.1.1.32 from EC) enzymes form two divergent subfamilies, which have little sequence similarity but which retain conserved active site residues. ATP-utilising PEPCKs are monomers or oligomers of identical subunits found in certain bacteria, yeast, trypanosomatids, and plants, while GTP-utilising PEPCKs are mainly monomers found in animals and some bacteria . Both require divalent cations for activity, such as magnesium or manganese. One cation interacts with the enzyme at metal binding site 1 to elicit activation, while the second cation interacts at metal binding site 2 to serve as a metal-nucleotide substrate. In bacteria, fungi and plants, PEPCK is involved in the glyoxylate bypass, an alternative to the tricarboxylic acid cycle. PEPCK helps to regulate blood glucose levels. The rate of gluconeogenesis can be controlled through transcriptional regulation of the PEPCK gene by cAMP (the mediator of glucagon and catecholamines), glucocorticoids and insulin. In general, PEPCK expression is induced by glucagon, catecholamines and glucocorticoids during periods of fasting and in response to stress, but is inhibited by (glucose-induced) insulin upon feeding . With type II diabetes, this regulation system can fail, resulting in increased gluconeogenesis that in turn raises glucose levels . PEPCK consists of an N-terminal and a catalytic C-terminal domain, with the active site and metal ions located in a cleft between them. Both domains have an alpha/beta topology that is partly similar to one another , . Substrate binding causes PEPCK to undergo a conformational change, which accelerates catalysis by forcing bulk solvent molecules out of the active site . PCK uses an alpha/beta/alpha motif for nucleotide binding, this motif differing from other kinase domains. GTP-utilising PEPCK has a PEP-binding domain and two kinase motifs to bind GTP and magnesium. This entry represents ATP-utilising phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase enzymes.; GO: 0004612 phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (ATP) activity, 0005524 ATP binding, 0006094 gluconeogenesis.

Probab=100.00 E-value=0 Score=1666.37 Aligned_cols=507 Identities=47% Similarity=0.786 Sum_probs=496.4 Q ss_pred CCCCCCCCCCCEEECCCHHHHHHHHHHH-----CCCEECCCCCEEEECCCCCCCCCCCCEEECCCCCCCCCCCCC-C--- Q ss_conf 9323786822046279889999999972-----883882685489856876568713223616886544345767-8--- Q gi|254780826|r 1 MEKFDLEGSSRVYRNLSTSRLYEESIRR-----EKTILTCDGALRALTGQHTGRSAFDKFIVRDSHTENDVFWEN-N--- 71 (509) Q Consensus 1 L~~~Gi~~~~~v~~Nls~~eL~e~ai~~-----~eG~lt~~GAL~v~TG~~TGRSPkDKfIV~d~~t~d~I~Wg~-N--- 71 (509) T Consensus 10 lea~l~~~v~~v~~N~s~~~L~e~~l~~~L~G~~~gvlt~~GAv~~~tG~~TGRSPKDK~IV~e~~tkd~iwWg~~~k~k 89 (549) T TIGR00224 10 LEALLIDDVKNVRYNPSAAQLYEEELKPSLEGYNKGVLTSTGAVAADTGIFTGRSPKDKYIVEEETTKDTIWWGPVNKAK 89 (549) T ss_pred HHHHHHHCCCHHHCCCCHHHHHHHHHCCCCCCCCCCHHCCCCCEEEECCCCCCCCCCCCEEECCCCCCCCEECCCCCCCC T ss_conf 98764210121103786788735420101232023000034312234460107788765466788876721017777764 Q ss_pred ---CCCCHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHCCC-CEEEEEEEEECCHHHCCEEEEECCCCHHHHHHHHHCCCCCCCCCCCC-CCCCEE Q ss_conf ---7588899999999999986279-46997425517832364028722871077899975125421113444-566127 Q gi|254780826|r 72 ---KYISPADFDTLKADMLDYIKDK-DLFLQDLVACPHTKNAISVCVVTQYAWHSLFIRNLLKHKEDLGAVPN-MMSLQV 146 (509) Q Consensus 72 ---~~i~~e~F~~L~~~v~~yl~~k-~lyv~D~~~Gad~~~rl~vRvite~AwhaLF~~nmFirp~~~e~~~~-~pd~tI 146 (509) T Consensus 90 nDnkP~s~~tw~~l~~~v~~yL~~r~~lfvvdaFaGa~~~~Rl~vrvv~e~Aw~alF~~nmfIRP~~e~l~~f~~PDF~v 169 (549) T TIGR00224 90 NDNKPISEETWQRLKEKVTSYLSERDRLFVVDAFAGADEKYRLKVRVVTEVAWHALFVKNMFIRPTEEELKTFEEPDFTV 169 (549) T ss_pred CCCCCCCHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHCCCEEEEEEEECCCCCCCCEEEEEEHHHHHHHHHHHHCCCCCCHHHHCCCCCCCEEE T ss_conf 56788898999989999999863598789982031788566215898601567777777504488713230379987688 Q ss_pred EECCCCC-CCCCCCCCCCCCEEEEEHHCCEEEEECCHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHCC-CCCEEEEECCCCCCCCCCEEEEEE Q ss_conf 6458876-37422456666169977221935664136788877899999986241-078799312453477787027998 Q gi|254780826|r 147 VVLPDFS-ADPNRHGCCSETIIAVDLTAGLILIGGTSYAGEIKKSVFTYLNHIFP-ERGIMPMHCSINMDKEKEDVALFF 224 (509) Q Consensus 147 ~~aP~~~-~~p~~~g~~Se~~i~in~~~k~~lI~GT~YaGEiKKsiFtvmny~lp-~~g~lpmHcsan~~~~~~d~alfF 224 (509) T Consensus 170 ~na~~~~na~~k~qg~~Se~fi~~n~~~r~~lIgGTeYaGEMKKgifs~MnyLlPv~~~v~~mHcSANvG~~nGDValFF 249 (549) T TIGR00224 170 LNAGKFTNANWKTQGLNSENFIAVNLTERTQLIGGTEYAGEMKKGIFSVMNYLLPVLKGVLSMHCSANVGEKNGDVALFF 249 (549) T ss_pred ECCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCEEEEEEHHHCEEECCCCEECCCHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHCCCHHEECHHHCCCCCCCEEEEE T ss_conf 62766788885547787430468633131000225100021124589999884043304021000211687578778981 Q ss_pred ECCCCCCCCCCCCCCCEEEECCCEEECCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCHHHHHHHHHCCHHHCCCEECCC-CCEECCC Q ss_conf 335431112224788613303110215674123455532110135833351358875301103124005789-8111147 Q gi|254780826|r 225 GLSGTGKTTLSASVDRFLIGDDEHGWSKEGVFNFEGGCYAKSINLSKETEPEIFSASCRFGTVLENVVVDEC-GIPNFKD 303 (509) Q Consensus 225 GLSGTGKTTLS~d~~r~LigDDehgW~d~gvfn~EgGcYaK~i~Ls~~~EP~I~~aa~~~~ailENV~~d~~-~~~df~d 303 (509) T Consensus 250 GLSGTGKTTLSaDp~R~LIGDDEHgW~D~GvFN~EGGCYAKcI~LS~E~EP~If~A-IrfgsvLENVvv~ed~~~~dyDD 328 (549) T TIGR00224 250 GLSGTGKTTLSADPKRKLIGDDEHGWSDTGVFNIEGGCYAKCIHLSEEKEPEIFNA-IRFGSVLENVVVDEDSGEVDYDD 328 (549) T ss_pred CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCEECCCCCHHHHHCCCCCCCCCHHHHH-HHCCCEEEEEEEECCCCEECCCC T ss_conf 67788843456786746004645664687336466760342102356777115667-50265653058835775761577 Q ss_pred CCCCCCEEEEEECCCCCCCCCCCCC-CCCCEEEEEECCCCCCCCHHHHCCHHHHHHHHHHHCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCEE Q ss_conf 8867670589860004310002567-887269996026778876044418588999997423245666200012565312 Q gi|254780826|r 304 SSVTENTRAAYPLNFIHNHAPQSIG-KHPKHVIMLAADAFGVLPPVAYLNPEKAVYYFLSGYTAKVAGTEKGVLKPEATF 382 (509) Q Consensus 304 ~s~TeNtR~~yp~~~i~n~~~~~~~-~~p~~iifl~~d~~gvlPpvsklt~~qa~~~F~sGyT~k~agte~g~~ep~~tf 382 (509) T Consensus 329 ss~TENTR~aYPI~~I~niv~P~~~~~Hp~~iifLTaDAfGVLPPvSkLT~eQv~YhFlSGyTsKlAGTErGvTeP~pTF 408 (549) T TIGR00224 329 SSKTENTRVAYPIYHIDNIVKPVLAAGHPTKIIFLTADAFGVLPPVSKLTPEQVMYHFLSGYTSKLAGTERGVTEPEPTF 408 (549) T ss_pred CCCCCCCCCCCCHHHCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCEEEEEECCCCCCCCCCCCCCHHHHEEEEEHHHHHHHCCCCCCCCCCCCCC T ss_conf 75655452004023210105565367785504777225246788734478337036510002544315678878977743 Q ss_pred EHHHCCCCCCCCHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHCCEEEEEECCCCCCCCCCC-CCCCHHHHHHHHHHHHCCCCCCCCEEECCCCCC Q ss_conf 1001050015683153899999998819809998167468876887-320788999999999849602466066788774 Q gi|254780826|r 383 SACFGAPFMPRDPVQYGNILKDYIVKYCVDCWLVNTGWTAGSYGEG-YRMPLSVTRALLKAIFDNSIKSVPYRVDENFGF 461 (509) Q Consensus 383 s~cFg~PF~~~~p~~ya~ll~~~i~~~~~~vyLvNTGw~Gg~~g~G-~Ri~l~~Tr~ii~ai~~g~l~~~~~~~~~~f~l 461 (509) T Consensus 409 S~CFG~pFL~Lhp~~YAe~L~kkm~~~gA~ayLvNTGW~G~~Y~tGGkR~~lkyTRAi~dai~~GsL~~ae~~tlpiFnL 488 (549) T TIGR00224 409 SACFGAPFLALHPTQYAEMLVKKMQAHGADAYLVNTGWTGSSYVTGGKRISLKYTRAIIDAILDGSLENAEMITLPIFNL 488 (549) T ss_pred CCCCCCCCCCCCHHHHHHHHHHHHHHCCCCEEEEECCCCCCCCCCCCEEECCHHHHHHHHHHHCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC T ss_conf 31137643256556799999999864288379983350478535686242001357999998628611120012674245 Q ss_pred CCCCCCCCCCHHHCCHHHHCCCHH-HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHCC Q ss_conf 256207989965649766259989-99999999999999999875127 Q gi|254780826|r 462 SVPLEVKGVDRKLLNPRDSWNDVE-AYDQKMRELLLMFENNAEKKQIK 508 (509) Q Consensus 462 ~iP~~~~gv~~~~l~P~~~w~d~~-~Y~~~a~~L~~~F~~Nf~~~~~~ 508 (509) T Consensus 489 ~iP~~vpGVp~~iL~P~~tw~~~es~y~~ka~~LA~~F~~NF~ky~~~ 536 (549) T TIGR00224 489 AIPTKVPGVPAEILDPRNTWANKESQYQEKAENLANLFVENFKKYADR 536 (549) T ss_pred CCCCCCCCCCHHHCCCHHHCCCHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHCCC T ss_conf 476547696557658612215624678999999998878777754278

HHsearch alignment for GI: 254780826 and conserved domain: TIGR00224