The gene for the member of this glutaredoxin family in E. coli, originally designated ydhD, is now designated grxD. Its protein, Grx4, is a monothiol glutaredoxin similar to Grx5 of yeast, which is involved in iron-sulfur cluster formation. Length = 97
>gnl|CDD|48577 cd03028, GRX_PICOT_like, Glutaredoxin (GRX) family, PKC-interacting cousin of TRX (PICOT)-like subfamily; composed of PICOT and GRX-PICOT-like proteins
The non-PICOT members of this family contain only the GRX-like domain, whereas PICOT contains an N-terminal TRX-like domain followed by one to three GRX-like domains. It is interesting to note that PICOT from plants contain three repeats of the GRX-like domain, metazoan proteins (except for insect) have two repeats, while fungal sequences contain only one copy of the domain. PICOT is a protein that interacts with protein kinase C (PKC) theta, a calcium independent PKC isoform selectively expressed in skeletal muscle and T lymphocytes. PICOT inhibits the activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase and the transcription factors, AP-1 and NF-kB, induced by PKC theta or T-cell activating stimuli. Both GRX and TRX domains of PICOT are required for its activity. Characterized non-PICOT members of this family include CXIP1, a CAX-interacting protein in Arabidopsis thaliana, and PfGLP-1, a GRX-like protein from Plasmodium falciparum.. Length = 90
>gnl|CDD|36129 KOG0911, KOG0911, KOG0911, Glutaredoxin-related protein [Posttranslational modification, protein turnover, chaperones]
Score = 112 bits (281), Expect = 3e-26
Identities = 45/96 (46%), Positives = 65/96 (67%)
Query: 9 IQNEIKKNDVVLFMKGTPTSPRCGFSGKVVQVLDSLGVSYKGIDVLADDALRQSIKEYSN 68
I+ I+ + ++LFMKG+ T P C FS VV +L+S GV Y+ ++ D LR+ +K YSN
Sbjct: 106 IERLIRNHKILLFMKGSKTFPFCRFSNAVVNMLNSSGVKYETYNIFEDPDLREELKVYSN 165
Query: 69 WPTIPQLYVKGDFIGGCDIVCEMFESGELHEILSID 104
WPT PQLYV G+ IGG DI+ E++ES L +++ D
Sbjct: 166 WPTYPQLYVNGELIGGHDIIKELYESNSLRKVIPDD 201
Length = 204
>gnl|CDD|48495 cd02066, GRX_family, Glutaredoxin (GRX) family; composed of GRX, approximately 10 kDa in size, and proteins containing a GRX or GRX-like domain
Score = 88.3 bits (219), Expect = 4e-19
Identities = 31/76 (40%), Positives = 50/76 (65%), Gaps = 5/76 (6%)
Query: 18 VVLFMKGTPTSPRCGFSGKVVQVLDSLGVSYKGIDVLADDALRQSIKEYSNWPTIPQLYV 77
VV+F K T C + + ++L+SLG+ ++ ID+L D LR+ +KE S WPT+PQ+++
Sbjct: 2 VVVFSKST-----CPYCKRAKRLLESLGIEFEEIDILEDGELREELKELSGWPTVPQIFI 56
Query: 78 KGDFIGGCDIVCEMFE 93
G+FIGG D + + E
Sbjct: 57 NGEFIGGYDDLKALHE 72
GRX is a glutathione (GSH) dependent reductase, catalyzing the disulfide reduction of target proteins such as ribonucleotide reductase. It contains a redox active CXXC motif in a TRX fold and uses a similar dithiol mechanism employed by TRXs for intramolecular disulfide bond reduction of protein substrates. Unlike TRX, GRX has preference for mixed GSH disulfide substrates, in which it uses a monothiol mechanism where only the N-terminal cysteine is required. The flow of reducing equivalents in the GRX system goes from NADPH -> GSH reductase -> GSH -> GRX -> protein substrates. By altering the redox state of target proteins, GRX is involved in many cellular functions including DNA synthesis, signal transduction and the defense against oxidative stress. Different classes are known including human GRX1 and GRX2, as well as E. coli GRX1 and GRX3, which are members of this family. E. coli GRX2, however, is a 24-kDa protein that belongs to the GSH S-transferase (GST) family.. Length = 72
Score = 82.1 bits (204), Expect = 3e-17
Identities = 27/65 (41%), Positives = 40/65 (61%), Gaps = 5/65 (7%)
Query: 18 VVLFMKGTPTSPRCGFSGKVVQVLDSLGVSYKGIDVLADDALRQSIKEYSNWPTIPQLYV 77
VVLF K P C F + ++L SLGV ++ IDV D +R+ +KE S W T+PQ+++
Sbjct: 1 VVLFTK-----PTCPFCKRAKRLLKSLGVKFEEIDVDEDPEIREELKELSGWRTVPQVFI 55
Query: 78 KGDFI 82
G+ I
Sbjct: 56 DGEHI 60
Length = 60
>gnl|CDD|48634 cd03419, GRX_GRXh_1_2_like, Glutaredoxin (GRX) family, GRX human class 1 and 2 (h_1_2)-like subfamily; composed of proteins similar to human GRXs, approximately 10 kDa in size, and proteins containing a GRX or GRX-like domain
GRX is a glutathione (GSH) dependent reductase, catalyzing the disulfide reduction of target proteins such as ribonucleotide reductase. It contains a redox active CXXC motif in a TRX fold and uses a similar dithiol mechanism employed by TRXs for intramolecular disulfide bond reduction of protein substrates. Unlike TRX, GRX has preference for mixed GSH disulfide substrates, in which it uses a monothiol mechanism where only the N-terminal cysteine is required. The flow of reducing equivalents in the GRX system goes from NADPH -> GSH reductase -> GSH -> GRX -> protein substrates. By altering the redox state of target proteins, GRX is involved in many cellular functions including DNA synthesis, signal transduction and the defense against oxidative stress. Different classes are known including human GRX1 and GRX2, which are members of this subfamily. Also included in this subfamily are the N-terminal GRX domains of proteins similar to human thioredoxin reductase 1 and 3.. Length = 82
>gnl|CDD|36963 KOG1752, KOG1752, KOG1752, Glutaredoxin and related proteins [Posttranslational modification, protein turnover, chaperones]
Score = 51.8 bits (124), Expect = 4e-08
Identities = 26/96 (27%), Positives = 54/96 (56%), Gaps = 8/96 (8%)
Query: 9 IQNEIKKNDVVLFMKGTPTSPRCGFSGKVVQVLDSLGVSYKGIDVLAD---DALRQSIKE 65
++ I +N VV+F K + C + + ++L LGV+ K +++ D +++++K+
Sbjct: 7 VRKMISENPVVIFSKSS-----CPYCHRAKELLSDLGVNPKVVELDEDEDGSEIQKALKK 61
Query: 66 YSNWPTIPQLYVKGDFIGGCDIVCEMFESGELHEIL 101
+ T+P +++ G FIGG + + +SGEL +L
Sbjct: 62 LTGQRTVPNVFIGGKFIGGASDLMALHKSGELVPLL 97
Length = 104
>gnl|CDD|48633 cd03418, GRX_GRXb_1_3_like, Glutaredoxin (GRX) family, GRX bacterial class 1 and 3 (b_1_3)-like subfamily; composed of bacterial GRXs, approximately 10 kDa in size, and proteins containing a GRX or GRX-like domain
Score = 50.6 bits (121), Expect = 9e-08
Identities = 24/61 (39%), Positives = 34/61 (55%), Gaps = 1/61 (1%)
Query: 27 TSPRCGFSGKVVQVLDSLGVSYKGIDVLADDALRQSIKEYSN-WPTIPQLYVKGDFIGGC 85
T P C + + +LD GV Y+ IDV D ALR+ + S T+PQ+++ IGGC
Sbjct: 6 TKPNCPYCVRAKALLDKKGVDYEEIDVDGDPALREEMINRSGGRRTVPQIFIGDVHIGGC 65
Query: 86 D 86
D
Sbjct: 66 D 66
GRX is a glutathione (GSH) dependent reductase, catalyzing the disulfide reduction of target proteins such as ribonucleotide reductase. It contains a redox active CXXC motif in a TRX fold and uses a similar dithiol mechanism employed by TRXs for intramolecular disulfide bond reduction of protein substrates. Unlike TRX, GRX has preference for mixed GSH disulfide substrates, in which it uses a monothiol mechanism where only the N-terminal cysteine is required. The flow of reducing equivalents in the GRX system goes from NADPH -> GSH reductase -> GSH -> GRX -> protein substrates. By altering the redox state of target proteins, GRX is involved in many cellular functions including DNA synthesis, signal transduction and the defense against oxidative stress. Different classes are known including E. coli GRX1 and GRX3, which are members of this subfamily.. Length = 75
>gnl|CDD|162749 TIGR02181, GRX_bact, Glutaredoxin, GrxC family
Score = 50.3 bits (121), Expect = 1e-07
Identities = 24/75 (32%), Positives = 40/75 (53%)
Query: 27 TSPRCGFSGKVVQVLDSLGVSYKGIDVLADDALRQSIKEYSNWPTIPQLYVKGDFIGGCD 86
T P C + + +L S GV++ I V D ALR + + S T+PQ+++ +GGCD
Sbjct: 5 TKPYCPYCTRAKALLSSKGVTFTEIRVDGDPALRDEMMQRSGRRTVPQIFIGDVHVGGCD 64
Query: 87 IVCEMFESGELHEIL 101
+ + G+L +L
Sbjct: 65 DLYALDREGKLDPLL 79
This family of glutaredoxins includes the E. coli protein GrxC (Grx3) which appears to have a secondary role in reducing ribonucleotide reductase (in the absence of GrxA) possibly indicating a role in the reduction of other protein disulfides. Length = 79
>gnl|CDD|48578 cd03029, GRX_hybridPRX5, Glutaredoxin (GRX) family, PRX5 hybrid subfamily; composed of hybrid proteins containing peroxiredoxin (PRX) and GRX domains, which is found in some pathogenic bacteria and cyanobacteria
Score = 41.9 bits (98), Expect = 4e-05
Identities = 24/75 (32%), Positives = 38/75 (50%), Gaps = 6/75 (8%)
Query: 18 VVLFMKGTPTSPRCGFSGKVVQVLDSLGVSYKGIDVLADDALRQSIKEYSNWPTIPQLYV 77
V LF T P C F + L G+SY+ I L D +S++ + T+PQ+++
Sbjct: 3 VSLF-----TKPGCPFCARAKAALQENGISYEEI-PLGKDITGRSLRAVTGAMTVPQVFI 56
Query: 78 KGDFIGGCDIVCEMF 92
G+ IGG D + + F
Sbjct: 57 DGELIGGSDDLEKYF 71
PRXs are thiol-specific antioxidant (TSA) proteins that confer a protective antioxidant role in cells through their peroxidase activity in which hydrogen peroxide, peroxynitrate, and organic hydroperoxides are reduced and detoxified using reducing equivalents derived from either thioredoxin, glutathione, trypanothione and AhpF. GRX is a glutathione (GSH) dependent reductase, catalyzing the disulfide reduction of target proteins. PRX-GRX hybrid proteins from Haemophilus influenza and Neisseria meningitis exhibit GSH-dependent peroxidase activity. The flow of reducing equivalents in the catalytic cycle of the hybrid protein goes from NADPH -> GSH reductase -> GSH -> GRX domain of hybrid -> PRX domain of hybrid -> peroxide substrate.. Length = 72
Score = 39.1 bits (91), Expect = 2e-04
Identities = 24/73 (32%), Positives = 36/73 (49%), Gaps = 6/73 (8%)
Query: 14 KKNDVVLFMKGTPTSPRCGFSGKVVQVLDSLGVSYKGIDVLADDALRQSIKEYSNWPTIP 73
K VV+F T P C F K L G ++ I L +DA +S++ + T+P
Sbjct: 6 KPESVVVF-----TKPGCPFCAKAKATLKEKGYDFEEI-PLGNDARGRSLRAVTGATTVP 59
Query: 74 QLYVKGDFIGGCD 86
Q+++ G IGG D
Sbjct: 60 QVFIGGKLIGGSD 72
This C-terminal domain with homology to glutaredoxin is fused to an N-terminal peroxiredoxin-like domain. Length = 79
>gnl|CDD|48525 cd02976, NrdH, NrdH-redoxin (NrdH) family; NrdH is a small monomeric protein with a conserved redox active CXXC motif within a TRX fold, characterized by a glutaredoxin (GRX)-like sequence and TRX-like activity profile
Score = 37.1 bits (86), Expect = 0.001
Identities = 15/75 (20%), Positives = 34/75 (45%), Gaps = 7/75 (9%)
Query: 27 TSPRCGFSGKVVQVLDSLGVSYKGIDVLADDALRQSIKEYSNWPTIPQLYVKGDFIGGCD 86
T P C + + LD G+ ++ +DV D + +K+ + + ++P + + + + G
Sbjct: 6 TKPDCPYCKATKRFLDERGIPFEEVDVDEDPEALEELKKLNGYRSVPVVVIGDEHLSG-- 63
Query: 87 IVCEMFESGELHEIL 101
F +L +L
Sbjct: 64 -----FRPDKLRALL 73
In vitro, it displays protein disulfide reductase activity that is dependent on TRX reductase, not glutathione (GSH). It is part of the NrdHIEF operon, where NrdEF codes for class Ib ribonucleotide reductase (RNR-Ib), an efficient enzyme at low oxygen levels. Under these conditions when GSH is mostly conjugated to spermidine, NrdH can still function and act as a hydrogen donor for RNR-Ib. It has been suggested that the NrdHEF system may be the oldest RNR reducing system, capable of functioning in a microaerophilic environment, where GSH was not yet available. NrdH from Corynebacterium ammoniagenes can form domain-swapped dimers, although it is unknown if this happens in vivo. Domain-swapped dimerization, which results in the blocking of the TRX reductase binding site, could be a mechanism for regulating the oxidation state of the protein.. Length = 73
>gnl|CDD|30626 COG0278, COG0278, Glutaredoxin-related protein [Posttranslational modification, protein turnover, chaperones]
>gnl|CDD|48580 cd03031, GRX_GRX_like, Glutaredoxin (GRX) family, GRX-like domain containing protein subfamily; composed of uncharacterized eukaryotic proteins containing a GRX-like domain having only one conserved cysteine, aligning to the C-terminal cysteine of the CXXC motif of GRXs
Score = 50.2 bits (120), Expect = 1e-07
Identities = 21/69 (30%), Positives = 38/69 (55%), Gaps = 4/69 (5%)
Query: 37 VVQVLDSLGVSYKGIDVLAD----DALRQSIKEYSNWPTIPQLYVKGDFIGGCDIVCEMF 92
V +L+S V + DV D + LR+ + ++P+++V G ++GG + V +
Sbjct: 22 VRAILESFRVKFDERDVSMDSGFREELRELLGAELKAVSLPRVFVDGRYLGGAEEVLRLN 81
Query: 93 ESGELHEIL 101
ESGEL ++L
Sbjct: 82 ESGELRKLL 90
This subfamily is predominantly composed of plant proteins. GRX is a glutathione (GSH) dependent reductase, catalyzing the disulfide reduction of target proteins via a redox active CXXC motif using a similar dithiol mechanism employed by TRXs. GRX has preference for mixed GSH disulfide substrates, in which it uses a monothiol mechanism where only the N-terminal cysteine is required. Proteins containing only the C-terminal cysteine are generally redox inactive.. Length = 147
>gnl|CDD|38035 KOG2824, KOG2824, KOG2824, Glutaredoxin-related protein [Posttranslational modification, protein turnover, chaperones]
Probab=100.00 E-value=2.5e-36 Score=231.63 Aligned_cols=104 Identities=41% Similarity=0.876 Sum_probs=100.3
Q ss_pred HHHHHHHHHHHHHCCEEEEECCCCCCCCCCHHHHHHHHHHHCCCCEEEEECCCCHHHHHHHHHHHCCCCCCEEEECCEEE
Q ss_conf 68999999996448979994489998998317999999997499658997114403799999973478776389899894
Q gi|254780968|r 3 SSVNSIIQNEIKKNDVVLFMKGTPTSPRCGFSGKVVQVLDSLGVSYKGIDVLADDALRQSIKEYSNWPTIPQLYVKGDFI 82 (106)
Q Consensus 3 ~~~~~~i~~~i~~~~Vvifskgt~~~p~C~~c~~ak~lL~~~~i~y~~~dv~~d~~~~~~l~~~sg~~TvPqIFv~G~~I 82 (106)
T Consensus 2 ~~~~e~I~~~v~~~~VvlFMKGtp~~P~CGFS~~~v~iL~~~gv~f~~vnVl~d~~ir~~lk~~s~WPT~PQlyi~Ge~I 81 (115)
T PRK10824 2 STTIEKIQRQIAENPILLYMKGSPKLPSCGFSAQAVQALSACGERFAYVDILQNPDIRAELPKYANWPTFPQLWVDGELV 81 (115)
T ss_pred CHHHHHHHHHHHCCCEEEEECCCCCCCCCCCHHHHHHHHHHHCCCEEEEECCCCHHHHHHHHHHCCCCCCCCEEECCEEE
T ss_conf 17999999998439889994889999978028999999999299806886788988999989981997556111889766
Q ss_pred CCHHHHHHHHHCCCHHHHHHHCCC
Q ss_conf 276999999988997899852289
Q gi|254780968|r 83 GGCDIVCEMFESGELHEILSIDRI 106 (106)
Q Consensus 83 GG~d~l~~l~~~G~L~~ll~~~~~ 106 (106)
T Consensus 82 GG~DI~~em~~~GeL~~ll~ea~~ 105 (115)
T PRK10824 82 GGCDIVIEMYQRGELQQLIKETAA 105 (115)
T ss_pred CCHHHHHHHHHCCCHHHHHHHHHC
T ss_conf 408999999977879999999622
>TIGR00365 TIGR00365 glutaredoxin homolog; InterPro: IPR004480 Glutaredoxins , , , also known as thioltransferases (disulphide reductases, are small proteins of approximately one hundred amino-acid residues which utilise glutathione and NADPH as cofactors
Probab=100.00 E-value=2.9e-36 Score=231.26 Aligned_cols=100 Identities=51% Similarity=1.019 Sum_probs=97.1
Q ss_pred HHHHHHHHHHHCCEEEEECCCCCCCCCCHHHHHHHHHHHCCCC---EEEEECCCCHHHHHHHHHHHCCCCCCEEEECCEE
Q ss_conf 9999999964489799944899989983179999999974996---5899711440379999997347877638989989
Q gi|254780968|r 5 VNSIIQNEIKKNDVVLFMKGTPTSPRCGFSGKVVQVLDSLGVS---YKGIDVLADDALRQSIKEYSNWPTIPQLYVKGDF 81 (106)
Q Consensus 5 ~~~~i~~~i~~~~Vvifskgt~~~p~C~~c~~ak~lL~~~~i~---y~~~dv~~d~~~~~~l~~~sg~~TvPqIFv~G~~ 81 (106)
T Consensus 1 i~kri~~~i~~nPv~lfMKGsP~~P~CGFS~~~v~~L~~~~~~PakF~~~DiL~d~~iR~~lk~ysnWPT~PQLyVnGEf 80 (103)
T TIGR00365 1 IKKRIEKLIEANPVLLFMKGSPKLPKCGFSRQAVGILRECGIRPAKFAYVDILQDPEIRQGLKEYSNWPTFPQLYVNGEF 80 (103)
T ss_pred CHHHHHHHHHHCCEEEEECCCCCCCCCCCHHHHHHHHHHCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCHHHHHCHHCCCCCCCCCEEECCEE
T ss_conf 91578889975982684368899889988178999998548982113200024781332201000357999835665535
Q ss_pred ECCHHHHHHHHHCCCHHHHHHHC
Q ss_conf 42769999999889978998522
Q gi|254780968|r 82 IGGCDIVCEMFESGELHEILSID 104 (106)
Q Consensus 82 IGG~d~l~~l~~~G~L~~ll~~~ 104 (106)
T Consensus 81 ~GG~Dii~e~~~~GEL~~ll~~a 103 (103)
T TIGR00365 81 VGGCDIIIEMYQSGELQELLEEA 103 (103)
T ss_pred ECHHHHHHHHHHCCCCHHHHHHC
T ss_conf 56158999997648877767409
Oxidized glutathione is regenerated by glutathione reductase. Together these components compose the glutathione system . Glutaredoxin functions as an electron carrier in the glutathione-dependent synthesis of deoxyribonucleotides by the enzyme ribonucleotide reductase. Like thioredoxin, which functions in a similar way, glutaredoxin possesses an active centre disulphide bond . It exists in either a reduced or an oxidized form where the two cysteine residues are linked in an intramolecular disulphide bond. Glutaredoxin has been sequenced in a variety of species. On the basis of extensive sequence similarity, it has been proposed that Vaccinia virus protein O2L is most probably a glutaredoxin. Finally, it must be noted that Bacteriophage T4 thioredoxin seems also to be evolutionary related. In position 5 of the pattern T4 thioredoxin has Val instead of Pro. This family groups a number of hypothetical proteins from different organisms which are related to glutaredoxin proteins..
>cd03028 GRX_PICOT_like Glutaredoxin (GRX) family, PKC-interacting cousin of TRX (PICOT)-like subfamily; composed of PICOT and GRX-PICOT-like proteins
Probab=100.00 E-value=3.5e-35 Score=225.05 Aligned_cols=90 Identities=66% Similarity=1.174 Sum_probs=88.2
Q ss_pred HHHHHHHCCEEEEECCCCCCCCCCHHHHHHHHHHHCCCCEEEEECCCCHHHHHHHHHHHCCCCCCEEEECCEEECCHHHH
Q ss_conf 99996448979994489998998317999999997499658997114403799999973478776389899894276999
Q gi|254780968|r 9 IQNEIKKNDVVLFMKGTPTSPRCGFSGKVVQVLDSLGVSYKGIDVLADDALRQSIKEYSNWPTIPQLYVKGDFIGGCDIV 88 (106)
Q Consensus 9 i~~~i~~~~Vvifskgt~~~p~C~~c~~ak~lL~~~~i~y~~~dv~~d~~~~~~l~~~sg~~TvPqIFv~G~~IGG~d~l 88 (106)
T Consensus 1 i~~~i~~~~vvvF~Kgt~~~P~C~f~~~a~~lL~~~~v~~~~~dv~~d~~~r~~l~~~s~~~TvPqifi~g~~IGG~D~l 80 (90)
T cd03028 1 IKKLIKENPVVLFMKGTPEEPRCGFSRKVVQILNQLGVDFGTFDILEDEEVRQGLKEYSNWPTFPQLYVNGELVGGCDIV 80 (90)
T ss_pred CHHHHHCCCEEEEECCCCCCCCCHHHHHHHHHHHHHCCCCEECCHHCCHHHHHHHHHHCCCCCCCCEEECCEEECCHHHH
T ss_conf 96467209889995798899888779999999999689974133005899999999971689888377999878666999
Q ss_pred HHHHHCCCHH
Q ss_conf 9999889978
Q gi|254780968|r 89 CEMFESGELH 98 (106)
Q Consensus 89 ~~l~~~G~L~ 98 (106)
T Consensus 81 ~~l~~~GeL~ 90 (90)
T cd03028 81 KEMHESGELQ 90 (90)
T ss_pred HHHHHCCCCC
T ss_conf 9999868879
The non-PICOT members of this family contain only the GRX-like domain, whereas PICOT contains an N-terminal TRX-like domain followed by one to three GRX-like domains. It is interesting to note that PICOT from plants contain three repeats of the GRX-like domain, metazoan proteins (except for insect) have two repeats, while fungal sequences contain only one copy of the domain. PICOT is a protein that interacts with protein kinase C (PKC) theta, a calcium independent PKC isoform selectively expressed in skeletal muscle and T lymphocytes. PICOT inhibits the activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase and the transcription factors, AP-1 and NF-kB, induced by PKC theta or T-cell activating stimuli. Both GRX and TRX domains of PICOT are required for its activity. Characterized non-PICOT members of this family include CXIP1, a CAX-interacting protein
>COG0278 Glutaredoxin-related protein [Posttranslational modification, protein turnover, chaperones]
Probab=99.97 E-value=5.8e-31 Score=200.63 Aligned_cols=100 Identities=52% Similarity=0.923 Sum_probs=96.9
Q ss_pred HHHHHHHHHHHCCEEEEECCCCCCCCCCHHHHHHHHHHHCCCCEEEEECCCCHHHHHHHHHHHCCCCCCEEEECCEEECC
Q ss_conf 99999999644897999448999899831799999999749965899711440379999997347877638989989427
Q gi|254780968|r 5 VNSIIQNEIKKNDVVLFMKGTPTSPRCGFSGKVVQVLDSLGVSYKGIDVLADDALRQSIKEYSNWPTIPQLYVKGDFIGG 84 (106)
Q Consensus 5 ~~~~i~~~i~~~~Vvifskgt~~~p~C~~c~~ak~lL~~~~i~y~~~dv~~d~~~~~~l~~~sg~~TvPqIFv~G~~IGG 84 (106)
T Consensus 128 ~~~~l~~lv~a~~v~lFmKG~p~~P~CGFS~~~v~iL~~~nV~~~~fdIL~DeelRqglK~fSdWPTfPQlyI~GEFiGG 207 (227)
T KOG0911 128 LDNRLEKLVKAKPVMLFMKGTPEEPKCGFSRQLVGILQSHNVNYTIFDVLTDEELRQGLKEFSDWPTFPQLYVKGEFIGG 207 (227)
T ss_pred HHHHHHHHCCCCEEEEEECCCCCCCCCCCCHHHHHHHHHCCCCEEEEECCCCHHHHHHHHHHCCCCCCCCEEECCEECCC
T ss_conf 88999972566717998258987665454199999999819971577526779999876652379986303587775067
Q ss_pred HHHHHHHHHCCCHHHHHHHC
Q ss_conf 69999999889978998522
Q gi|254780968|r 85 CDIVCEMFESGELHEILSID 104 (106)
Q Consensus 85 ~d~l~~l~~~G~L~~ll~~~ 104 (106)
T Consensus 208 lDIl~~m~~~geL~~~l~~~ 227 (227)
T KOG0911 208 LDILKEMHEKGELVYTLKEA 227 (227)
T ss_pred CHHHHHHHHCCCHHHHHHCC
T ss_conf 38999986565488885149
>TIGR02181 GRX_bact glutaredoxin 3; InterPro: IPR011900 Glutaredoxins , , , also known as thioltransferases (disulphide reductases, are small proteins of approximately one hundred amino-acid residues which utilise glutathione and NADPH as cofactors
Probab=99.96 E-value=1.7e-29 Score=192.13 Aligned_cols=79 Identities=32% Similarity=0.641 Sum_probs=75.7
Q ss_pred EEEEECCCCCCCCCCHHHHHHHHHHHCCC-CEEEEECCCCH-HHHHHHHHHH-CCCCCCEEEECCEEECCHHHHHHHHHC
Q ss_conf 79994489998998317999999997499-65899711440-3799999973-478776389899894276999999988
Q gi|254780968|r 18 VVLFMKGTPTSPRCGFSGKVVQVLDSLGV-SYKGIDVLADD-ALRQSIKEYS-NWPTIPQLYVKGDFIGGCDIVCEMFES 94 (106)
Q Consensus 18 Vvifskgt~~~p~C~~c~~ak~lL~~~~i-~y~~~dv~~d~-~~~~~l~~~s-g~~TvPqIFv~G~~IGG~d~l~~l~~~ 94 (106)
T Consensus 1 V~iYT~-----~~CPYC~rAK~LL~~kGv~~~~Ei~vd~dpD~~r~eM~~Rs~Gr~TVPQIFIg~~HVGGcDDL~~L~r~ 75 (82)
T TIGR02181 1 VTIYTK-----PYCPYCSRAKALLESKGVGTFTEIRVDGDPDALRDEMMQRSGGRRTVPQIFIGDVHVGGCDDLYALDRE 75 (82)
T ss_pred CEEECC-----CCCCCCHHHHHHHHHCCCCCCEEEECCCCCCHHHHHHHHHHCCCCCCCEEEECCCCCCCCHHHHHHHHC
T ss_conf 946315-----998802688999985698863034457981068899999828994043376299024543799998633
Q ss_pred CCHHHHH
Q ss_conf 9978998
Q gi|254780968|r 95 GELHEIL 101 (106)
Q Consensus 95 G~L~~ll 101 (106)
T Consensus 76 G~Ld~LL 82 (82)
T TIGR02181 76 GKLDPLL 82 (82)
T ss_pred CCCCCCC
T ss_conf 7854569
Oxidized glutathione is regenerated by glutathione reductase. Together these components compose the glutathione system . Glutaredoxin functions as an electron carrier in the glutathione-dependent synthesis of deoxyribonucleotides by the enzyme ribonucleotide reductase. Like thioredoxin, which functions in a similar way, glutaredoxin possesses an active centre disulphide bond . It exists in either a reduced or an oxidized form where the two cysteine residues are linked in an intramolecular disulphide bond. Glutaredoxin has been sequenced in a variety of species. On the basis of extensive sequence similarity, it has been proposed that Vaccinia virus protein O2L is most probably a glutaredoxin. Finally, it must be noted that Bacteriophage T4 thioredoxin seems also to be evolutionary related. In position 5 of the pattern T4 thioredoxin has Val instead of Pro. This family of glutaredoxins includes the E. coli protein GrxC (Grx3) which appears to have a secondary role in reducing ribonucleotide reductase (in the absence of GrxA) possibly indicating a role in the reduction of other protein disulphides .; GO: 0006118 electron transport, 0045454 cell redox homeostasis.
Probab=99.94 E-value=3.8e-27 Score=178.55 Aligned_cols=82 Identities=29% Similarity=0.594 Sum_probs=78.8
Q ss_pred CCEEEEECCCCCCCCCCHHHHHHHHHHHCCCCEEEEECCCCHHHHHHHHHHHCCCCCCEEEECCEEECCHHHHHHHHHCC
Q ss_conf 89799944899989983179999999974996589971144037999999734787763898998942769999999889
Q gi|254780968|r 16 NDVVLFMKGTPTSPRCGFSGKVVQVLDSLGVSYKGIDVLADDALRQSIKEYSNWPTIPQLYVKGDFIGGCDIVCEMFESG 95 (106)
Q Consensus 16 ~~Vvifskgt~~~p~C~~c~~ak~lL~~~~i~y~~~dv~~d~~~~~~l~~~sg~~TvPqIFv~G~~IGG~d~l~~l~~~G 95 (106)
T Consensus 2 ~~V~Iysk~-----~CpyC~~Ak~lL~~~gi~y~ei~v~~~~~~~~~l~~~tg~~TVPqIfI~g~~IGG~~dl~~L~~~G 76 (83)
T PRK10638 2 ANIEIYTKA-----TCPFCHRAKALLNSKGVSFQEIPIDGDAAKREEMIKRSGRTTVPQIFIDAQHIGGCDDLYALDARG 76 (83)
T ss_pred CCEEEEECC-----CCHHHHHHHHHHHHCCCCCEEEECCCCHHHHHHHHHHCCCCCCCEEEECCEEEECHHHHHHHHHCC
T ss_conf 988999899-----996799999999975998769986799999999997369996196999999995789999999859
Q ss_pred CHHHHHH
Q ss_conf 9789985
Q gi|254780968|r 96 ELHEILS 102 (106)
Q Consensus 96 ~L~~ll~ 102 (106)
T Consensus 77 ~L~~lLk 83 (83)
T PRK10638 77 GLDPLLK 83 (83)
T ss_pred CHHHHHC
T ss_conf 9879739
>TIGR02180 GRX_euk Glutaredoxin; InterPro: IPR011899 Glutaredoxins , , , also known as thioltransferases (disulphide reductases, are small proteins of approximately one hundred amino-acid residues which utilise glutathione and NADPH as cofactors
Probab=99.94 E-value=1.2e-27 Score=181.42 Aligned_cols=79 Identities=33% Similarity=0.657 Sum_probs=73.9
Q ss_pred EEEEECCCCCCCCCCHHHHHHHHHHHCCCC---EEEEECCCC---HHHHHHHHHHHCCCCCCEEEECCEEECCHHHHHHH
Q ss_conf 799944899989983179999999974996---589971144---03799999973478776389899894276999999
Q gi|254780968|r 18 VVLFMKGTPTSPRCGFSGKVVQVLDSLGVS---YKGIDVLAD---DALRQSIKEYSNWPTIPQLYVKGDFIGGCDIVCEM 91 (106)
Q Consensus 18 Vvifskgt~~~p~C~~c~~ak~lL~~~~i~---y~~~dv~~d---~~~~~~l~~~sg~~TvPqIFv~G~~IGG~d~l~~l 91 (106)
T Consensus 1 V~vFSKs-----~CPYC~~ak~~L~~~~~~~~~~~v~ElD~~~~g~~~Q~~L~~~TG~~TVP~iFi~g~~iGG~~D~~~~ 75 (85)
T TIGR02180 1 VVVFSKS-----YCPYCKKAKEILKKLNVKPAKYKVVELDQLSNGSEIQDYLKEITGQRTVPNIFINGKFIGGCSDLLAL 75 (85)
T ss_pred CEEEECC-----CCCHHHHHHHHHHHCCCCCCCCEEEEECCCCCHHHHHHHHHHHCCCCCCCCEEECCEEECCCHHHHHH
T ss_conf 9577438-----98468899999874489867640677025788578999999844892388265688576782455654
Q ss_pred HHCCCHHHHH
Q ss_conf 9889978998
Q gi|254780968|r 92 FESGELHEIL 101 (106)
Q Consensus 92 ~~~G~L~~ll 101 (106)
T Consensus 76 ~~~G~L~~~l 85 (85)
T TIGR02180 76 DKSGKLAELL 85 (85)
T ss_pred HCCCCHHCCC
T ss_conf 1252000149
Oxidized glutathione is regenerated by glutathione reductase. Together these components compose the glutathione system . Glutaredoxin functions as an electron carrier in the glutathione-dependent synthesis of deoxyribonucleotides by the enzyme ribonucleotide reductase. Like thioredoxin, which functions in a similar way, glutaredoxin possesses an active centre disulphide bond . It exists in either a reduced or an oxidized form where the two cysteine residues are linked in an intramolecular disulphide bond. Glutaredoxin has been sequenced in a variety of species. On the basis of extensive sequence similarity, it has been proposed that Vaccinia virus protein O2L is most probably a glutaredoxin. Finally, it must be noted that Bacteriophage T4 thioredoxin seems also to be evolutionary related. In position 5 of the pattern T4 thioredoxin has Val instead of Pro. This entry is found in eukaryotic glutaredoxins and includes sequences from fungi, plants and metazoans as well as viruses .; GO: 0006118 electron transport, 0045454 cell redox homeostasis.
Probab=99.94 E-value=8e-26 Score=170.93 Aligned_cols=97 Identities=27% Similarity=0.560 Sum_probs=90.1
Q ss_pred HHHHHHHHHHHHCCEEEEECCCCCCCCCCHHHHHHHHHHHCCCCEEEEECCCCH---HHHHHHHHHHCCCCCCEEEECCE
Q ss_conf 899999999644897999448999899831799999999749965899711440---37999999734787763898998
Q gi|254780968|r 4 SVNSIIQNEIKKNDVVLFMKGTPTSPRCGFSGKVVQVLDSLGVSYKGIDVLADD---ALRQSIKEYSNWPTIPQLYVKGD 80 (106)
Q Consensus 4 ~~~~~i~~~i~~~~Vvifskgt~~~p~C~~c~~ak~lL~~~~i~y~~~dv~~d~---~~~~~l~~~sg~~TvPqIFv~G~ 80 (106)
T Consensus 2 ~~~~~v~~~i~~~~VVifSKs-----~C~~c~~~k~ll~~~~v~~~vvELD~~~~g~eiq~~l~~~tg~~tvP~vFI~Gk 76 (104)
T KOG1752 2 AAEAKVRKMISENPVVIFSKS-----SCPYCHRAKELLSDLGVNPKVVELDEDEDGSEIQKALKKLTGQRTVPNVFIGGK 76 (104)
T ss_pred CHHHHHHHHHHCCCEEEEECC-----CCCHHHHHHHHHHHCCCCCEEEECCCCCCCHHHHHHHHHHCCCCCCCEEEECCE
T ss_conf 478899998623987999778-----573689999999847998679982589871899999997338788997999997
Q ss_pred EECCHHHHHHHHHCCCHHHHHHHCC
Q ss_conf 9427699999998899789985228
Q gi|254780968|r 81 FIGGCDIVCEMFESGELHEILSIDR 105 (106)
Q Consensus 81 ~IGG~d~l~~l~~~G~L~~ll~~~~ 105 (106)
T Consensus 77 ~iGG~~dl~~lh~~G~L~~~l~~~~ 101 (104)
T KOG1752 77 FIGGASDLMALHKSGELVPLLKEAG 101 (104)
T ss_pred EECCHHHHHHHHHCCCHHHHHHHHH
T ss_conf 8867889999998597699999860
>cd03419 GRX_GRXh_1_2_like Glutaredoxin (GRX) family, GRX human class 1 and 2 (h_1_2)-like subfamily; composed of proteins similar to human GRXs, approximately 10 kDa in size, and proteins containing a GRX or GRX-like domain
Probab=99.92 E-value=3.4e-25 Score=167.28 Aligned_cols=79 Identities=28% Similarity=0.624 Sum_probs=72.8
Q ss_pred CEEEEECCCCCCCCCCHHHHHHHHHHHCCCCEEEEECCCCH---HHHHHHHHHHCCCCCCEEEECCEEECCHHHHHHHHH
Q ss_conf 97999448999899831799999999749965899711440---379999997347877638989989427699999998
Q gi|254780968|r 17 DVVLFMKGTPTSPRCGFSGKVVQVLDSLGVSYKGIDVLADD---ALRQSIKEYSNWPTIPQLYVKGDFIGGCDIVCEMFE 93 (106)
Q Consensus 17 ~Vvifskgt~~~p~C~~c~~ak~lL~~~~i~y~~~dv~~d~---~~~~~l~~~sg~~TvPqIFv~G~~IGG~d~l~~l~~ 93 (106)
T Consensus 1 pVvIysk~-----~Cp~C~~ak~lL~~~~i~~~~~~~d~~~~~~~~~~~l~~~~g~~TvPqIfi~g~~IGG~~~l~~l~~ 75 (82)
T cd03419 1 PVVVFSKS-----YCPYCKRAKSLLKELGVKPAVVELDQHEDGSEIQDYLQELTGQRTVPNVFIGGKFIGGCDDLMALHK 75 (82)
T ss_pred CEEEEECC-----CCHHHHHHHHHHHHCCCCEEEEECCCCCCHHHHHHHHHHHCCCCCCCEEEECCEEECCHHHHHHHHH
T ss_conf 98999738-----8876999999999849980699646564399999999984399988869999989847899999998
Q ss_pred CCCHHHH
Q ss_conf 8997899
Q gi|254780968|r 94 SGELHEI 100 (106)
Q Consensus 94 ~G~L~~l 100 (106)
T Consensus 76 ~G~L~~l 82 (82)
T cd03419 76 SGKLVKL 82 (82)
T ss_pred CCCCCCC
T ss_conf 4991769
GRX is a glutathione (GSH) dependent reductase, catalyzing the disulfide reduction of target proteins such as ribonucleotide reductase. It contains a redox active CXXC motif in a TRX fold and uses a similar dithiol mechanism employed by TRXs for intramolecular disulfide bond reduction of protein substrates. Unlike TRX, GRX has preference for mixed GSH disulfide substrates, in which it uses a monothiol mechanism where only the N-terminal cysteine is required. The flow of reducing equivalents in the GRX system goes from NADPH - GSH reductase - GSH - GRX - protein substrates. By altering the redox state of target proteins, GRX is involved in many cellular functions including DNA synthesis, signal transduction and the defense against oxidative stress. Different classes
>cd03027 GRX_DEP Glutaredoxin (GRX) family, Dishevelled, Egl-10, and Pleckstrin (DEP) subfamily; composed of uncharacterized proteins containing a GRX domain and additional domains DEP and DUF547, both of which have unknown functions
GRX is a glutathione (GSH) dependent reductase containing a redox active CXXC motif in a TRX fold. It has preference for mixed GSH disulfide substrates, in which it uses a monothiol mechanism where only the N-terminal cysteine is required. By altering the redox state of target proteins, GRX is involved in many cellular functions.
>cd03418 GRX_GRXb_1_3_like Glutaredoxin (GRX) family, GRX bacterial class 1 and 3 (b_1_3)-like subfamily; composed of bacterial GRXs, approximately 10 kDa in size, and proteins containing a GRX or GRX-like domain
GRX is a glutathione (GSH) dependent reductase, catalyzing the disulfide reduction of target proteins such as ribonucleotide reductase. It contains a redox active CXXC motif in a TRX fold and uses a similar dithiol mechanism employed by TRXs for intramolecular disulfide bond reduction of protein substrates. Unlike TRX, GRX has preference for mixed GSH disulfide substrates, in which it uses a monothiol mechanism where only the N-terminal cysteine is required. The flow of reducing equivalents in the GRX system goes from NADPH - GSH reductase - GSH - GRX - protein substrates. By altering the redox state of target proteins, GRX is involved in many cellular functions including DNA synthesis, signal transduction and the defense against oxidative stress. Different classes are known i
>cd03029 GRX_hybridPRX5 Glutaredoxin (GRX) family, PRX5 hybrid subfamily; composed of hybrid proteins containing peroxiredoxin (PRX) and GRX domains, which is found in some pathogenic bacteria and cyanobacteria
PRXs are thiol-specific antioxidant (TSA) proteins that confer a protective antioxidant role in cells through their peroxidase activity in which hydrogen peroxide, peroxynitrate, and organic hydroperoxides are reduced and detoxified using reducing equivalents derived from either thioredoxin, glutathione, trypanothione and AhpF. GRX is a glutathione (GSH) dependent reductase, catalyzing the disulfide reduction of target proteins. PRX-GRX hybrid proteins from Haemophilus influenza and Neisseria meningitis exhibit GSH-dependent peroxidase activity. The flow of reducing equivalents in the catalytic cycle of the hybrid protein goes from NADPH - GSH reductase - GSH - GRX domain of hybrid - PRX domain of hybrid - peroxide substrate.
>cd02066 GRX_family Glutaredoxin (GRX) family; composed of GRX, approximately 10 kDa in size, and proteins containing a GRX or GRX-like domain
GRX is a glutathione (GSH) dependent reductase, catalyzing the disulfide reduction of target proteins such as ribonucleotide reductase. It contains a redox active CXXC motif in a TRX fold and uses a similar dithiol mechanism employed by TRXs for intramolecular disulfide bond reduction of protein substrates. Unlike TRX, GRX has preference for mixed GSH disulfide substrates, in which it uses a monothiol mechanism where only the N-terminal cysteine is required. The flow of reducing equivalents in the GRX system goes from NADPH - GSH reductase - GSH - GRX - protein substrates. By altering the redox state of target proteins, GRX is involved in many cellular functions including DNA synthesis, signal transduction and the defense against oxidative stress. Different classes are known including human GRX1 and GRX2, as well as E. coli GRX1 and GRX3, which
Probab=99.84 E-value=1.2e-20 Score=141.04 Aligned_cols=75 Identities=21% Similarity=0.441 Sum_probs=65.4
Q ss_pred CEEEEECCCCCCCCCCHHHHHHHHHHHC-----CCCEEEEECCCCHHHHHHHHHHHCC--CCCCEEEECCEEECCHHHHH
Q ss_conf 9799944899989983179999999974-----9965899711440379999997347--87763898998942769999
Q gi|254780968|r 17 DVVLFMKGTPTSPRCGFSGKVVQVLDSL-----GVSYKGIDVLADDALRQSIKEYSNW--PTIPQLYVKGDFIGGCDIVC 89 (106)
Q Consensus 17 ~Vvifskgt~~~p~C~~c~~ak~lL~~~-----~i~y~~~dv~~d~~~~~~l~~~sg~--~TvPqIFv~G~~IGG~d~l~ 89 (106)
T Consensus 2 ~V~Iysk~-----~CpyC~~AK~Ll~~l~~~~~~~~~~~idi~~~~~~~~~l~~~~g~~~~TVPQIfI~g~~IGGy~dL~ 76 (87)
T PRK11200 2 FVVIFGRP-----GCPYCVRAKELAEKLSEERDDFDYRYVDIHAEGISKADLEKTVGKPVETVPQIFVDQKHIGGCTDFE 76 (87)
T ss_pred EEEEEECC-----CCHHHHHHHHHHHHHCCCCCCCCEEEEECCCCHHHHHHHHHHHCCCCCCCCEEEECCEEECCHHHHH
T ss_conf 89998189-----9866999999999825335762079972677767899999984899874387989999853999999
Q ss_pred HHHHCCC
Q ss_conf 9998899
Q gi|254780968|r 90 EMFESGE 96 (106)
Q Consensus 90 ~l~~~G~ 96 (106)
T Consensus 77 ~~~~en~ 83 (87)
T PRK11200 77 AYVKENL 83 (87)
T ss_pred HHHHHCC
T ss_conf 9998544
>TIGR02190 GlrX-dom Glutaredoxin-family domain; InterPro: IPR011906 Glutaredoxins , , , also known as thioltransferases (disulphide reductases, are small proteins of approximately one hundred amino-acid residues which utilise glutathione and NADPH as cofactors
Oxidized glutathione is regenerated by glutathione reductase. Together these components compose the glutathione system . Glutaredoxin functions as an electron carrier in the glutathione-dependent synthesis of deoxyribonucleotides by the enzyme ribonucleotide reductase. Like thioredoxin, which functions in a similar way, glutaredoxin possesses an active centre disulphide bond . It exists in either a reduced or an oxidized form where the two cysteine residues are linked in an intramolecular disulphide bond. Glutaredoxin has been sequenced in a variety of species. On the basis of extensive sequence similarity, it has been proposed that Vaccinia virus protein O2L is most probably a glutaredoxin. Finally, it must be noted that Bacteriophage T4 thioredoxin seems also to be evolutionary related. In position 5 of the pattern T4 thioredoxin has Val instead of Pro. This C-terminal domain with homology to glutaredoxin is fused to an N-terminal peroxiredoxin-like domain..
>COG0695 GrxC Glutaredoxin and related proteins [Posttranslational modification, protein turnover, chaperones]
Probab=99.78 E-value=6.4e-19 Score=130.98 Aligned_cols=78 Identities=31% Similarity=0.627 Sum_probs=71.5
Q ss_pred CCEEEEECCCCCCCCCCHHHHHHHHHHHCCCCEEEEECCCCH--HHHHHHHHHHCCCCCCEEEECCEEECCHHHHHHHHH
Q ss_conf 897999448999899831799999999749965899711440--379999997347877638989989427699999998
Q gi|254780968|r 16 NDVVLFMKGTPTSPRCGFSGKVVQVLDSLGVSYKGIDVLADD--ALRQSIKEYSNWPTIPQLYVKGDFIGGCDIVCEMFE 93 (106)
Q Consensus 16 ~~Vvifskgt~~~p~C~~c~~ak~lL~~~~i~y~~~dv~~d~--~~~~~l~~~sg~~TvPqIFv~G~~IGG~d~l~~l~~ 93 (106)
T Consensus 1 ~~v~iyt~~-----~CPyC~~ak~~L~~~g~~~~~i~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~g~~tvP~I~i~~~~igg~~d~~~~~~ 75 (80)
T COG0695 1 ANVTIYTKP-----GCPYCKRAKRLLDRKGVDYEEIDVDDDEPEEAREMVKRGKGQRTVPQIFIGGKHVGGCDDLDALEA 75 (80)
T ss_pred CCEEEEECC-----CCCHHHHHHHHHHHCCCCCEEEECCCCCHHHHHHHHHHHCCCCCCCEEEECCEEEECCCCHHHHHH
T ss_conf 947999389-----996459999999977997099983788678999999971898576989999998716589899986
Q ss_pred CCCHH
Q ss_conf 89978
Q gi|254780968|r 94 SGELH 98 (106)
Q Consensus 94 ~G~L~ 98 (106)
T Consensus 76 ~~~l~ 80 (80)
T COG0695 76 KGKLD 80 (80)
T ss_pred HCCCC
T ss_conf 40479
>TIGR02189 GlrX-like_plant Glutaredoxin-like family; InterPro: IPR011905 Glutaredoxins , , , also known as thioltransferases (disulphide reductases, are small proteins of approximately one hundred amino-acid residues which utilise glutathione and NADPH as cofactors
Probab=99.75 E-value=4.6e-19 Score=131.82 Aligned_cols=93 Identities=22% Similarity=0.445 Sum_probs=84.1
Q ss_pred HHHHHHHCCEEEEECCCCCCCCCCHHHHHHHHHHHCCCCEEEEECCCCH---HHHHHHHH-HHCCCCCCEEEECCEEECC
Q ss_conf 9999644897999448999899831799999999749965899711440---37999999-7347877638989989427
Q gi|254780968|r 9 IQNEIKKNDVVLFMKGTPTSPRCGFSGKVVQVLDSLGVSYKGIDVLADD---ALRQSIKE-YSNWPTIPQLYVKGDFIGG 84 (106)
Q Consensus 9 i~~~i~~~~Vvifskgt~~~p~C~~c~~ak~lL~~~~i~y~~~dv~~d~---~~~~~l~~-~sg~~TvPqIFv~G~~IGG 84 (106)
T Consensus 1 v~r~~SE~~VviF~~~s----sCCm~Hv~K~Ll~~lGV~P~V~E~D~~~~~~~~e~Al~~~LG~~~~vP~vFvGG~l~GG 76 (101)
T TIGR02189 1 VRRMVSEKAVVIFSRSS----SCCMCHVVKRLLLDLGVNPAVHEIDKEAAGKDIEKALSQLLGCSPAVPVVFVGGKLVGG 76 (101)
T ss_pred CCCCCCCCCEEEEECCC----CCHHHHHHHHHHHHCCCCCEEEEECCCCCCCCHHHHHHHHCCCCCCCCEEEECCEEECC
T ss_conf 96310368327883478----83278899998864698847998379722453577888754899998768808866757
Q ss_pred HHHHHHHHHCCCHHHHHHHCC
Q ss_conf 699999998899789985228
Q gi|254780968|r 85 CDIVCEMFESGELHEILSIDR 105 (106)
Q Consensus 85 ~d~l~~l~~~G~L~~ll~~~~ 105 (106)
T Consensus 77 ~~~vma~H~~G~LvP~Lk~ag 97 (101)
T TIGR02189 77 LEKVMALHISGSLVPLLKQAG 97 (101)
T ss_pred CCCEEEEEECCCCCHHHHHCC
T ss_conf 220898876796000224200
Oxidized glutathione is regenerated by glutathione reductase. Together these components compose the glutathione system . Glutaredoxin functions as an electron carrier in the glutathione-dependent synthesis of deoxyribonucleotides by the enzyme ribonucleotide reductase. Like thioredoxin, which functions in a similar way, glutaredoxin possesses an active centre disulphide bond . It exists in either a reduced or an oxidized form where the two cysteine residues are linked in an intramolecular disulphide bond. Glutaredoxin has been sequenced in a variety of species. On the basis of extensive sequence similarity, it has been proposed that Vaccinia virus protein O2L is most probably a glutaredoxin. Finally, it must be noted that Bacteriophage T4 thioredoxin seems also to be evolutionary related. In position 5 of the pattern T4 thioredoxin has Val instead of Pro. This group of glutaredoxin-like proteins is apparently limited to plants. Multiple isoforms are found in Arabidopsis thaliana and Oryza sativa..
>cd02976 NrdH NrdH-redoxin (NrdH) family; NrdH is a small monomeric protein with a conserved redox active CXXC motif within a TRX fold, characterized by a glutaredoxin (GRX)-like sequence and TRX-like activity profile
In vitro, it displays protein disulfide reductase activity that is dependent on TRX reductase, not glutathione (GSH). It is part of the NrdHIEF operon, where NrdEF codes for class Ib ribonucleotide reductase (RNR-Ib), an efficient enzyme at low oxygen levels. Under these conditions when GSH is mostly conjugated to spermidine, NrdH can still function and act as a hydrogen donor for RNR-Ib. It has been suggested that the NrdHEF system may be the oldest RNR reducing system, capable of functioning in a microaerophilic environment, where GSH was not yet available. NrdH from Corynebacterium ammoniagenes can form domain-swapped dimers, although it is unknown if this happens in vivo. Domain-swapped dimerization, which results in the blocking of the TRX reductase binding site, cou
>cd03031 GRX_GRX_like Glutaredoxin (GRX) family, GRX-like domain containing protein subfamily; composed of uncharacterized eukaryotic proteins containing a GRX-like domain having only one conserved cysteine, aligning to the C-terminal cysteine of the CXXC motif of GRXs
Probab=99.71 E-value=6.3e-17 Score=119.45 Aligned_cols=87 Identities=28% Similarity=0.487 Sum_probs=72.6
Q ss_pred CEEEEECCCCC-CCCCCHHHHHHHHHHHCCCCEEEEECCCCHHHHHHHHHH----HCCCCCCEEEECCEEECCHHHHHHH
Q ss_conf 97999448999-899831799999999749965899711440379999997----3478776389899894276999999
Q gi|254780968|r 17 DVVLFMKGTPT-SPRCGFSGKVVQVLDSLGVSYKGIDVLADDALRQSIKEY----SNWPTIPQLYVKGDFIGGCDIVCEM 91 (106)
Q Consensus 17 ~Vvifskgt~~-~p~C~~c~~ak~lL~~~~i~y~~~dv~~d~~~~~~l~~~----sg~~TvPqIFv~G~~IGG~d~l~~l 91 (106)
T Consensus 1 rVVlYtTSlrgvR~TfedC~~vr~iL~~~~V~~~ERDVsm~~~~r~EL~~~lg~~~~~~tvPqvFi~g~~vGG~dev~~L 80 (147)
T cd03031 1 RVVLYTTSLRGVRKTFEDCNNVRAILESFRVKFDERDVSMDSGFREELRELLGAELKAVSLPRVFVDGRYLGGAEEVLRL 80 (147)
T ss_pred CEEEEECCCCHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHCCCEEEEEECCCCHHHHHHHHHHHCCCCCCCCCCEEEECCEEECCHHHHHHH
T ss_conf 98999888720267899999999999978907999834589879999999971457899999698899998789999999
Q ss_pred HHCCCHHHHHHH
Q ss_conf 988997899852
Q gi|254780968|r 92 FESGELHEILSI 103 (106)
Q Consensus 92 ~~~G~L~~ll~~ 103 (106)
T Consensus 81 ~e~G~L~~lL~g 92 (147)
T cd03031 81 NESGELRKLLKG 92 (147)
T ss_pred HHCCCHHHHHHH
T ss_conf 976969998502
This subfamily is predominantly composed of plant proteins. GRX is a glutathione (GSH) dependent reductase, catalyzing the disulfide reduction of target proteins via a redox active CXXC motif using a similar dithiol mechanism employed by TRXs. GRX has preference for mixed GSH disulfide substrates, in which it uses a monothiol mechanism where only the N-terminal cysteine is required. Proteins containing only the C-terminal cysteine are generally redox inactive.
Probab=99.58 E-value=9.1e-15 Score=106.97 Aligned_cols=71 Identities=21% Similarity=0.341 Sum_probs=55.8
Q ss_pred CEEEEECCCCCCCCCCHHHHHHHHHHHCCCCEEEEECCCCHHHHHHHHH------H--HCCCCCCEEEECCEEECCHHHH
Q ss_conf 9799944899989983179999999974996589971144037999999------7--3478776389899894276999
Q gi|254780968|r 17 DVVLFMKGTPTSPRCGFSGKVVQVLDSLGVSYKGIDVLADDALRQSIKE------Y--SNWPTIPQLYVKGDFIGGCDIV 88 (106)
Q Consensus 17 ~Vvifskgt~~~p~C~~c~~ak~lL~~~~i~y~~~dv~~d~~~~~~l~~------~--sg~~TvPqIFv~G~~IGG~d~l 88 (106)
T Consensus 3 ~v~i~sk~~-----c~~c~~a~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~d~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~t~pqifid~~~ig~y~~~ 77 (410)
T PRK12759 3 EVRIYTKTN-----CPFCDLAKSWFGANDIPFTQISLDDDVKRAEFYAEVNKNILLVEEHIRTVPQIFVGDVHIGGYDNL 77 (410)
T ss_pred EEEEEECCC-----CCHHHHHHHHHHHCCCCCEEEECCCHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHCCCCCCCCEEEECCEEECCHHHH
T ss_conf 489980599-----965899999999749972342127779899999876555565157778786177888342479999
Q ss_pred HHHH
Q ss_conf 9999
Q gi|254780968|r 89 CEMF 92 (106)
Q Consensus 89 ~~l~ 92 (106)
T Consensus 78 ~~~~ 81 (410)
T PRK12759 78 MARA 81 (410)
T ss_pred HHHH
T ss_conf 9999
>TIGR02196 GlrX_YruB Glutaredoxin-like protein, YruB-family; InterPro: IPR011911 Glutaredoxins , , , also known as thioltransferases (disulphide reductases, are small proteins of approximately one hundred amino-acid residues which utilise glutathione and NADPH as cofactors
Oxidized glutathione is regenerated by glutathione reductase. Together these components compose the glutathione system . Glutaredoxin functions as an electron carrier in the glutathione-dependent synthesis of deoxyribonucleotides by the enzyme ribonucleotide reductase. Like thioredoxin, which functions in a similar way, glutaredoxin possesses an active centre disulphide bond . It exists in either a reduced or an oxidized form where the two cysteine residues are linked in an intramolecular disulphide bond. Glutaredoxin has been sequenced in a variety of species. On the basis of extensive sequence similarity, it has been proposed that Vaccinia virus protein O2L is most probably a glutaredoxin. Finally, it must be noted that Bacteriophage T4 thioredoxin seems also to be evolutionary related. In position 5 of the pattern T4 thioredoxin has Val instead of Pro. This glutaredoxin-like protein family contains the conserved CxxC motif and includes the Clostridium pasteurianum protein YruB which has been cloned from a rubredoxin operon . Somewhat related to NrdH, it is unknown whether this protein actually interacts with glutathione/glutathione reducatase, or, like NrdH, some other reductant system..
>TIGR02183 GRXA Glutaredoxin, GrxA family; InterPro: IPR011902 Glutaredoxins , , , also known as thioltransferases (disulphide reductases, are small proteins of approximately one hundred amino-acid residues which utilise glutathione and NADPH as cofactors
Probab=99.41 E-value=1.7e-13 Score=99.57 Aligned_cols=74 Identities=24% Similarity=0.533 Sum_probs=62.9
Q ss_pred EEEEECCCCCCCCCCHHHHHHHHHHHC-----CCCEEEEECCCCHHHHHHHHHHHCCC--CCCEEEECCEEECCHHHHHH
Q ss_conf 799944899989983179999999974-----99658997114403799999973478--77638989989427699999
Q gi|254780968|r 18 VVLFMKGTPTSPRCGFSGKVVQVLDSL-----GVSYKGIDVLADDALRQSIKEYSNWP--TIPQLYVKGDFIGGCDIVCE 90 (106)
Q Consensus 18 Vvifskgt~~~p~C~~c~~ak~lL~~~-----~i~y~~~dv~~d~~~~~~l~~~sg~~--TvPqIFv~G~~IGG~d~l~~ 90 (106)
T Consensus 2 v~IfG-----r~gC~YCVRA~~LaEkl~~~~~DF~fry~Di~AEGI~K~DL~~~VGKpVeTVPQIF~D~~~vGGCTdF~~ 76 (86)
T TIGR02183 2 VVIFG-----RPGCPYCVRAKQLAEKLAEELADFEFRYIDIHAEGISKADLEKTVGKPVETVPQIFVDEKHVGGCTDFEQ 76 (86)
T ss_pred EEEEC-----CCCCCHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHCCCCCCEEEEEEECCCCHHHHCCCCCCCCCCCCCEEEECCCCCCCCCHHH
T ss_conf 57732-----7998402336888999886403556205888745887122103378841566741540777688521788
Q ss_pred HHHCCC
Q ss_conf 998899
Q gi|254780968|r 91 MFESGE 96 (106)
Q Consensus 91 l~~~G~ 96 (106)
T Consensus 77 ~~k~~~ 82 (86)
T TIGR02183 77 LVKEKF 82 (86)
T ss_pred HHHHHH
T ss_conf 988740
Oxidized glutathione is regenerated by glutathione reductase. Together these components compose the glutathione system . Glutaredoxin functions as an electron carrier in the glutathione-dependent synthesis of deoxyribonucleotides by the enzyme ribonucleotide reductase. Like thioredoxin, which functions in a similar way, glutaredoxin possesses an active centre disulphide bond . It exists in either a reduced or an oxidized form where the two cysteine residues are linked in an intramolecular disulphide bond. Glutaredoxin has been sequenced in a variety of species. On the basis of extensive sequence similarity, it has been proposed that Vaccinia virus protein O2L is most probably a glutaredoxin. Finally, it must be noted that Bacteriophage T4 thioredoxin seems also to be evolutionary related. In position 5 of the pattern T4 thioredoxin has Val instead of Pro. This entry includes the Escherichia coli glyutaredoxin GrxA which appears to have primary responsibility for the reduction of ribonucleotide reductase .; GO: 0009055 electron carrier activity, 0015035 protein disulfide oxidoreductase activity, 0045454 cell redox homeostasis.
>cd03030 GRX_SH3BGR Glutaredoxin (GRX) family, SH3BGR (SH3 domain binding glutamic acid-rich protein) subfamily; a recently-identified subfamily composed of SH3BGR and similar proteins possessing significant sequence similarity to GRX, but without a redox active CXXC motif
Probab=99.14 E-value=1.9e-10 Score=82.00 Aligned_cols=85 Identities=19% Similarity=0.366 Sum_probs=69.8
Q ss_pred EEEEECCCCCCCC-CCHHHHHHHHHHHCCCCEEEEECCCCHHHHHHHHHHH----CCCCCCEEEECCEEECCHHHHHHHH
Q ss_conf 7999448999899-8317999999997499658997114403799999973----4787763898998942769999999
Q gi|254780968|r 18 VVLFMKGTPTSPR-CGFSGKVVQVLDSLGVSYKGIDVLADDALRQSIKEYS----NWPTIPQLYVKGDFIGGCDIVCEMF 92 (106)
Q Consensus 18 Vvifskgt~~~p~-C~~c~~ak~lL~~~~i~y~~~dv~~d~~~~~~l~~~s----g~~TvPqIFv~G~~IGG~d~l~~l~ 92 (106)
T Consensus 2 ikVy~ss~sg~~~iKk~Qq~v~~iL~~~kI~yeeiDIs~~ee~r~~Mr~~~~~~~~~~lpPQiF~~~~y~Gdye~f~~a~ 81 (92)
T cd03030 2 IKVYIASSSGSTEIKKRQQEVLGFLEAKKIEFEEVDISMNEENRQWMRENVPNENGKPLPPQIFNGDEYCGDYEAFFEAK 81 (92)
T ss_pred EEEEEECCCCCHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHCCCCCEEEECCCCHHHHHHHHHHCCCCCCCCCCCEEECCCEECCCHHHHHHHH
T ss_conf 89999226277899999999999999869983898466897899999997656689989986724985316799999885
Q ss_pred HCCCHHHHHH
Q ss_conf 8899789985
Q gi|254780968|r 93 ESGELHEILS 102 (106)
Q Consensus 93 ~~G~L~~ll~ 102 (106)
T Consensus 82 E~~~l~~FLk 91 (92)
T cd03030 82 ENNTLEEFLK 91 (92)
T ss_pred HHHHHHHHHC
T ss_conf 2457999848
The SH3BGR gene was cloned in an effort to identify genes mapping to chromosome 21, which could be involved in the pathogenesis of congenital heart disease affecting Down syndrome newborns. Several human SH3BGR-like (SH3BGRL) genes have been identified since, mapping to different locations in the chromosome. Of these, SH3BGRL3 was identified as a tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha inhibitory protein and was also named TIP-B1. Upregulation of expression of SH3BGRL3 is associated with differentiation. It has been suggested that it functions as a regulator of differentiation-related signal transduction pathways.
>pfam04908 SH3BGR SH3-binding, glutamic acid-rich protein
Probab=99.09 E-value=3.8e-10 Score=80.22 Aligned_cols=86 Identities=22% Similarity=0.447 Sum_probs=69.3
Q ss_pred EEEEECCCCCCCC-CCHHHHHHHHHHHCCCCEEEEECCCCHHHHHHHHHHH--CCCCCCEEEECCEEECCHHHHHHHHHC
Q ss_conf 7999448999899-8317999999997499658997114403799999973--478776389899894276999999988
Q gi|254780968|r 18 VVLFMKGTPTSPR-CGFSGKVVQVLDSLGVSYKGIDVLADDALRQSIKEYS--NWPTIPQLYVKGDFIGGCDIVCEMFES 94 (106)
Q Consensus 18 Vvifskgt~~~p~-C~~c~~ak~lL~~~~i~y~~~dv~~d~~~~~~l~~~s--g~~TvPqIFv~G~~IGG~d~l~~l~~~ 94 (106)
T Consensus 3 ikVy~ss~sg~~~vKk~Qq~v~~iL~s~kI~ye~vDIt~~ee~r~~Mr~~~~~~~~lpPQIFn~d~YcGdye~F~~A~E~ 82 (92)
T pfam04908 3 LKVYVASSSGSPEIKKKQQRVLMILDANKIPFDEVDITKDEEQRRWMRENPPNGAPLPPQIFNEDQYCGDYDAFFEAVEA 82 (92)
T ss_pred EEEEEEECCCCHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHCCCCCEEEECCCCHHHHHHHHHHCCCCCCCCCEEECCCEECCCHHHHHHHHHH
T ss_conf 99999505187889999999999999859973898555898999999984699998899072198631579999988514
Q ss_pred CCHHHHHHH
Q ss_conf 997899852
Q gi|254780968|r 95 GELHEILSI 103 (106)
Q Consensus 95 G~L~~ll~~ 103 (106)
T Consensus 83 ~~l~~FLkL 91 (92)
T pfam04908 83 NTLYEFLGL 91 (92)
T ss_pred HHHHHHHCC
T ss_conf 479998584
>TIGR02194 GlrX_NrdH Glutaredoxin-like protein NrdH; InterPro: IPR011909 Glutaredoxins , , , also known as thioltransferases (disulphide reductases, are small proteins of approximately one hundred amino-acid residues which utilise glutathione and NADPH as cofactors
Oxidized glutathione is regenerated by glutathione reductase. Together these components compose the glutathione system . Glutaredoxin functions as an electron carrier in the glutathione-dependent synthesis of deoxyribonucleotides by the enzyme ribonucleotide reductase. Like thioredoxin, which functions in a similar way, glutaredoxin possesses an active centre disulphide bond . It exists in either a reduced or an oxidized form where the two cysteine residues are linked in an intramolecular disulphide bond. Glutaredoxin has been sequenced in a variety of species. On the basis of extensive sequence similarity, it has been proposed that Vaccinia virus protein O2L is most probably a glutaredoxin. Finally, it must be noted that Bacteriophage T4 thioredoxin seems also to be evolutionary related. In position 5 of the pattern T4 thioredoxin has Val instead of Pro. NrdH-redoxin is a representative of a class of small redox proteins that contain a conserved CXXC motif and are characterised by a glutaredoxin-like amino acid sequence and thioredoxin-like activity profile. Unlike other the glutaredoxins to which it is most closely related, NrdH aparrently does not interact with glutathione/glutathione reductase, but rather with thioredoxin reductase to catalyze the reduction of ribonucleotide reductase .; GO: 0006118 electron transport, 0045454 cell redox homeostasis.
>cd03041 GST_N_2GST_N GST_N family, 2 repeats of the N-terminal domain of soluble GSTs (2 GST_N) subfamily; composed of uncharacterized proteins
GSTs are cytosolic dimeric proteins involved in cellular detoxification by catalyzing the conjugation of glutathione (GSH) with a wide range of endogenous and xenobiotic alkylating agents, including carcinogens, therapeutic drugs, environmental toxins, and products of oxidative stress. GSTs also show GSH peroxidase activity and are involved in the synthesis of prostaglandins and leukotrienes. The GST fold contains an N-terminal TRX-fold domain and a C-terminal alpha helical domain, with an active site located in a cleft between the two domains.
>TIGR02200 GlrX_actino Glutaredoxin-like protein; InterPro: IPR011915 Glutaredoxins , , , also known as thioltransferases (disulphide reductases, are small proteins of approximately one hundred amino-acid residues which utilise glutathione and NADPH as cofactors
Oxidized glutathione is regenerated by glutathione reductase. Together these components compose the glutathione system . Glutaredoxin functions as an electron carrier in the glutathione-dependent synthesis of deoxyribonucleotides by the enzyme ribonucleotide reductase. Like thioredoxin, which functions in a similar way, glutaredoxin possesses an active centre disulphide bond . It exists in either a reduced or an oxidized form where the two cysteine residues are linked in an intramolecular disulphide bond. Glutaredoxin has been sequenced in a variety of species. On the basis of extensive sequence similarity, it has been proposed that Vaccinia virus protein O2L is most probably a glutaredoxin. Finally, it must be noted that Bacteriophage T4 thioredoxin seems also to be evolutionary related. In position 5 of the pattern T4 thioredoxin has Val instead of Pro. This family of glutaredoxin-like proteins is limited to the Actinobacteria and contains the conserved CxxC motif..
>cd03040 GST_N_mPGES2 GST_N family; microsomal Prostaglandin E synthase Type 2 (mPGES2) subfamily; mPGES2 is a membrane-anchored dimeric protein containing a CXXC motif which catalyzes the isomerization of PGH2 to PGE2
Probab=98.39 E-value=1.2e-06 Score=60.10 Aligned_cols=69 Identities=26% Similarity=0.532 Sum_probs=53.7
Q ss_pred CEEEEECCCCCCCCCCHHHHHHHHHHHCCCCEEEEECCCCHHHHHHHHHHHCCCCCCEEEE----CCEEECCHHHHHHHH
Q ss_conf 9799944899989983179999999974996589971144037999999734787763898----998942769999999
Q gi|254780968|r 17 DVVLFMKGTPTSPRCGFSGKVVQVLDSLGVSYKGIDVLADDALRQSIKEYSNWPTIPQLYV----KGDFIGGCDIVCEMF 92 (106)
Q Consensus 17 ~Vvifskgt~~~p~C~~c~~ak~lL~~~~i~y~~~dv~~d~~~~~~l~~~sg~~TvPqIFv----~G~~IGG~d~l~~l~ 92 (106)
T Consensus 1 ~ltLYqy-----~~CPFC~KVR~~L~~~~ipy~~veV--~p~~k~ei~-~s~~~KVP~l~i~~~~~~~~l~DSs~II~~L 72 (77)
T cd03040 1 KITLYQY-----KTCPFCCKVRAFLDYHGIPYEVVEV--NPVSRKEIK-WSSYKKVPILRVESGGDGQQLVDSSVIISTL 72 (77)
T ss_pred CEEEEEE-----CCCCCHHHHHHHHHHCCCCCEEEEC--CCCCCCCCC-CCCCCCCCEEEEECCCCEEEEECHHHHHHHH
T ss_conf 9079986-----7896189999999875997279981--730114134-6897788799997289806986029999999
Q ss_pred H
Q ss_conf 8
Q gi|254780968|r 93 E 93 (106)
Q Consensus 93 ~ 93 (106)
T Consensus 73 ~ 73 (77)
T cd03040 73 K 73 (77)
T ss_pred H
T ss_conf 8
Unlike cytosolic PGE synthase (cPGES) and microsomal PGES Type 1 (mPGES1), mPGES2 does not require glutathione (GSH) for its activity, although its catalytic rate is increased two- to four-fold in the presence of DTT, GSH or other thiol compounds. PGE2 is widely distributed in various tissues and is implicated in the sleep/wake cycle, relaxation/contraction of smooth muscle, excretion of sodium ions, maintenance of body temperature and mediation of inflammation. mPGES2 contains an N-terminal hydrophobic domain which is membrane associated, and a C-terminal soluble domain with a GST-like structure.
>TIGR00411 redox_disulf_1 redox-active disulfide protein 1; InterPro: IPR004502 This group of proteins includes thioredoxins, glutaredoxins, protein-disulphide isomerases, and others, some of which have several such domains
Probab=97.88 E-value=2.2e-05 Score=52.69 Aligned_cols=72 Identities=24% Similarity=0.472 Sum_probs=50.3
Q ss_pred EEEEECCCCCCCCCCHHHHHHHHHHHC----CCCEEEEECCCCHHHHHHHHHHHCCCCCCEEEECCE--EECCHHHHHHH
Q ss_conf 799944899989983179999999974----996589971144037999999734787763898998--94276999999
Q gi|254780968|r 18 VVLFMKGTPTSPRCGFSGKVVQVLDSL----GVSYKGIDVLADDALRQSIKEYSNWPTIPQLYVKGD--FIGGCDIVCEM 91 (106)
Q Consensus 18 Vvifskgt~~~p~C~~c~~ak~lL~~~----~i~y~~~dv~~d~~~~~~l~~~sg~~TvPqIFv~G~--~IGG~d~l~~l 91 (106)
T Consensus 3 i~lFT-----SPtCPyCP~A~~VV~~vakE~gd~~~v~~in~~e~~~kA~~--yGi~aVPaivINg~v~f~GaP~----- 70 (82)
T TIGR00411 3 IELFT-----SPTCPYCPKAEKVVEEVAKEEGDLVEVEKINVMEDLKKALE--YGIMAVPAIVINGKVRFVGAPD----- 70 (82)
T ss_pred EEEEC-----CCCCCCCCCHHHHHHHHHCCCCCEEEEEEECCCCCHHHHHH--CCCCCCCEEEECCEEEEEEECC-----
T ss_conf 35511-----88768885436889887405897343222124548478875--1635268478779068853088-----
Q ss_pred HHCCCHHHHHHH
Q ss_conf 988997899852
Q gi|254780968|r 92 FESGELHEILSI 103 (106)
Q Consensus 92 ~~~G~L~~ll~~ 103 (106)
T Consensus 71 --~eeL~eaI~k 80 (82)
T TIGR00411 71 --KEELVEAIRK 80 (82)
T ss_pred --HHHHHHHHHH
T ss_conf --6899999763
The sequence of proteins in this group at the redox-active disufide site, CPYC, matches glutaredoxins rather than thioredoxins, although overall the sequence seems closer to thioredoxins. Proteins may be involved in a ribonucleotide-reducing system component distinct from thioredoxin or glutaredoxin.; GO: 0009055 electron carrier activity, 0015035 protein disulfide oxidoreductase activity, 0045454 cell redox homeostasis.
>cd03055 GST_N_Omega GST_N family, Class Omega subfamily; GSTs are cytosolic dimeric proteins involved in cellular detoxification by catalyzing the conjugation of glutathione (GSH) with a wide range of endogenous and xenobiotic alkylating agents, including carcinogens, therapeutic drugs, environmental toxins and products of oxidative stress
The GST fold contains an N-terminal TRX-fold domain and a C-terminal alpha helical domain, with an active site located in a cleft between the two domains. Class Omega GSTs show little or no GSH-conjugating activity towards standard GST substrates. Instead, they catalyze the GSH dependent reduction of protein disulfides, dehydroascorbate and monomethylarsonate, activities which are more characteristic of glutaredoxins. They contain a conserved cysteine equivalent to the first cysteine in the CXXC motif of glutaredoxins, which is a redox active residue capable of reducing GSH mixed disulfides in a monothiol mechanism. Polymorphisms of the class Omega
>cd03060 GST_N_Omega_like GST_N family, Omega-like subfamily; composed of uncharacterized proteins with similarity to class Omega GSTs
GSTs are cytosolic dimeric proteins involved in cellular detoxification by catalyzing the conjugation of glutathione (GSH) with a wide range of endogenous and xenobiotic alkylating agents, including carcinogens, therapeutic drugs, environmental toxins and products of oxidative stress. The GST fold contains an N-terminal TRX-fold domain and a C-terminal alpha helical domain, with an active site located in a cleft between the two domains. Class Omega GSTs show little or no GSH-conjugating activity towards standard GST substrates. Instead, they catalyze the GSH dependent reduction of protein disulfides, dehydroascorbate and monomethylarsonate, activities which are more characteristic of glutaredoxins. Like Omega enzymes, proteins in this subfamily contain a conserved cysteine equivalent to the first cysteine in the CXXC motif of glutaredoxins, which is a r
>cd00570 GST_N_family Glutathione S-transferase (GST) family, N-terminal domain; a large, diverse group of cytosolic dimeric proteins involved in cellular detoxification by catalyzing the conjugation of glutathione (GSH) with a wide range of endogenous and xenobiotic alkylating agents, including carcinogens, therapeutic drugs, environmental toxins and products of oxidative stress
In addition, GSTs also show GSH peroxidase activity and are involved in the synthesis of prostaglandins and leukotrienes. This family, also referred to as soluble GSTs, is the largest family of GSH transferases and is only distantly related to the mitochondrial GSTs (GSTK subfamily, a member of the DsbA family). Soluble GSTs bear no structural similarity to microsomal GSTs (MAPEG family) and display additional activities unique to their group, such as catalyzing thiolysis, reduction and isomerization of certain compounds. The GST fold contains an N-terminal TRX-fold domain and a C-terminal alpha helical doma
>cd02973 TRX_GRX_like Thioredoxin (TRX)-Glutaredoxin (GRX)-like family; composed of archaeal and bacterial proteins that show similarity to both TRX and GRX, including the C-terminal TRX-fold subdomain of Pyrococcus furiosus protein disulfide oxidoreductase (PfPDO)
All members contain a redox-active CXXC motif and may function as PDOs. The archaeal proteins Mj0307 and Mt807 show structures more similar to GRX, but activities more similar to TRX. Some members of the family are similar to PfPDO in that they contain a second CXXC motif located in a second TRX-fold subdomain at the N-terminus; the superimposable N- and C-terminal TRX subdomains form a compact structure. PfPDO is postulated to be the archaeal counterpart of bacterial DsbA and eukaryotic protein disulfide isomerase (PDI). The C-terminal CXXC motif of PfPDO is required for its oxidase, reductase and isomerase activities. Also included in the family is the C-terminal TRX-fold subdomain of the N-terminal domain (NTD) of bacteri
>TIGR03140 AhpF alkyl hydroperoxide reductase, F subunit
Probab=97.46 E-value=0.00041 Score=45.34 Aligned_cols=75 Identities=21% Similarity=0.238 Sum_probs=50.8
Q ss_pred CHHHHHHHHHHHHHCCEEEEECCCCCCCCCCHHHHHHHHHHHC-----CCCEEEEECCCCHHHHHHHHHHHCCCCCCEEE
Q ss_conf 8689999999964489799944899989983179999999974-----99658997114403799999973478776389
Q gi|254780968|r 2 NSSVNSIIQNEIKKNDVVLFMKGTPTSPRCGFSGKVVQVLDSL-----GVSYKGIDVLADDALRQSIKEYSNWPTIPQLY 76 (106)
Q Consensus 2 ~~~~~~~i~~~i~~~~Vvifskgt~~~p~C~~c~~ak~lL~~~-----~i~y~~~dv~~d~~~~~~l~~~sg~~TvPqIF 76 (106)
T Consensus 105 ~~~~~~~I~~i~~~~~~~~~v-----SlsC~~CPdvVqAln~~A~~Np~I~~~miDg----~~f~~~~~~~~I~sVP~v~ 175 (515)
T TIGR03140 105 DEGIIDRIRRLNGPLHFETYV-----SLTCQNCPDVVQALNQMALLNPNISHTMIDG----ALFQDEVEALGIQGVPAVF 175 (515)
T ss_pred CHHHHHHHHHCCCCCEEEEEE-----ECCCCCCHHHHHHHHHHHHCCCCCEEEEEEC----HHCHHHHHHCCCCCCCEEE
T ss_conf 999999998479982389998-----4688898799999999986099852999972----1077789864867477277
Q ss_pred ECCEEECCH
Q ss_conf 899894276
Q gi|254780968|r 77 VKGDFIGGC 85 (106)
Q Consensus 77 v~G~~IGG~ 85 (106)
T Consensus 176 ~n~e~~~~g 184 (515)
T TIGR03140 176 LNGEEFHNG 184 (515)
T ss_pred ECCEEEEEC
T ss_conf 788387225
This enzyme is the partner of the peroxiredoxin (alkyl hydroperoxide reductase) AhpC which contains the peroxide-reactive cysteine. AhpF contains the reductant (NAD(P)H) binding domain (pfam00070) and presumably acts to resolve the disulfide which forms after oxidation of the active site cysteine in AphC. This proteins contains two paired conserved cysteine motifs, CxxCP and CxHCDGP.
>cd02984 TRX_PICOT TRX domain, PICOT (for PKC-interacting cousin of TRX) subfamily; PICOT is a protein that interacts with protein kinase C (PKC) theta, a calcium independent PKC isoform selectively expressed in skeletal muscle and T lymphocytes
Probab=97.45 E-value=0.00045 Score=45.11 Aligned_cols=72 Identities=17% Similarity=0.275 Sum_probs=45.0
Q ss_pred HHHHHHHHHHC---CEEEEECCCCCCCCCCHHHHHHHHHHHC------CCCEEEEECCCCHHHHHHHHHHHCCCCCC--E
Q ss_conf 99999996448---9799944899989983179999999974------99658997114403799999973478776--3
Q gi|254780968|r 6 NSIIQNEIKKN---DVVLFMKGTPTSPRCGFSGKVVQVLDSL------GVSYKGIDVLADDALRQSIKEYSNWPTIP--Q 74 (106)
Q Consensus 6 ~~~i~~~i~~~---~Vvifskgt~~~p~C~~c~~ak~lL~~~------~i~y~~~dv~~d~~~~~~l~~~sg~~TvP--q 74 (106)
T Consensus 2 ~~~f~~~i~~~~~k~vvv~F----~a~wC~pCk~~~p~l~~la~~~~~~v~f~kvd~d~~~~l~----~~~~I~~~Pt~~ 73 (97)
T cd02984 2 EEEFEELLKSDASKLLVLHF----WAPWAEPCKQMNQVFEELAKEAFPSVLFLSIEAEELPEIS----EKFEITAVPTFV 73 (97)
T ss_pred HHHHHHHHHHCCCCEEEEEE----ECCCCHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHCCCEEEEEECCCCCHHHH----HHCCCCCCCEEE
T ss_conf 78999999857998699999----8998974899979999998882897799997340088999----873987214799
Q ss_pred EEECCEEECCH
Q ss_conf 89899894276
Q gi|254780968|r 75 LYVKGDFIGGC 85 (106)
Q Consensus 75 IFv~G~~IGG~ 85 (106)
T Consensus 74 ~~k~G~~v~~~ 84 (97)
T cd02984 74 FFRNGTIVDRV 84 (97)
T ss_pred EEECCEEEEEE
T ss_conf 99999999999
PICOT contains an N-terminal TRX-like domain, which does not contain the catalytic CXXC motif, followed by one to three glutaredoxin domains. The TRX-like domain is required for interaction with PKC theta. PICOT inhibits the activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase and the transcription factors, AP-1 and NF-kB, induced by PKC theta or T-cell activating stimuli.
>cd03059 GST_N_SspA GST_N family, Stringent starvation protein A (SspA) subfamily; SspA is a RNA polymerase (RNAP)-associated protein required for the lytic development of phage P1 and for stationary phase-induced acid tolerance of E
coli. It is implicated in survival during nutrient starvation. SspA adopts the GST fold with an N-terminal TRX-fold domain and a C-terminal alpha helical domain, but it does not bind glutathione (GSH) and lacks GST activity. SspA is highly conserved among gram-negative bacteria. Related proteins found in Neisseria (called RegF), Francisella and Vibrio regulate the expression of virulence factors necessary for pathogenesis.
Probab=97.40 E-value=0.0003 Score=46.14 Aligned_cols=70 Identities=17% Similarity=0.396 Sum_probs=46.6
Q ss_pred HHHHHHHHHHCCEEE--EECCCCCCCCCCHHHHHHHHHHHC-----CCCEEEEECCCCHHHHHHHHHHHCCCCCC--EEE
Q ss_conf 999999964489799--944899989983179999999974-----99658997114403799999973478776--389
Q gi|254780968|r 6 NSIIQNEIKKNDVVL--FMKGTPTSPRCGFSGKVVQVLDSL-----GVSYKGIDVLADDALRQSIKEYSNWPTIP--QLY 76 (106)
Q Consensus 6 ~~~i~~~i~~~~Vvi--fskgt~~~p~C~~c~~ak~lL~~~-----~i~y~~~dv~~d~~~~~~l~~~sg~~TvP--qIF 76 (106)
T Consensus 8 ~e~f~~~i~~~~~vvV~F~-----a~wC~pCk~~~p~~~~l~~~~~~~~f~~vd~d~~~~l----~~~~~I~~~PT~~~~ 78 (98)
T PTZ00051 8 KEEFEKTLSGDSVVVVDFY-----AEWCGPCMRFAPQFEELAKEHPKLVFVKVNVDELQEL----AQKYNVTSLPTFKVF 78 (98)
T ss_pred HHHHHHHHCCCCEEEEEEE-----CCCCCCCCCCCHHHHHHHHHCCCEEEEEEECCCCHHH----HHHCCCEEEEEEEEE
T ss_conf 9999999758991999997-----9998751126348999987678537999988589999----998798797689999
Q ss_pred ECCEEECC
Q ss_conf 89989427
Q gi|254780968|r 77 VKGDFIGG 84 (106)
Q Consensus 77 v~G~~IGG 84 (106)
T Consensus 79 k~G~~v~~ 86 (98)
T PTZ00051 79 KSGQVVGE 86 (98)
T ss_pred ECCEEEEE
T ss_conf 99999999
>cd03058 GST_N_Tau GST_N family, Class Tau subfamily; GSTs are cytosolic dimeric proteins involved in cellular detoxification by catalyzing the conjugation of glutathione (GSH) with a wide range of endogenous and xenobiotic alkylating agents, including carcinogens, therapeutic drugs, environmental toxins and products of oxidative stress
The GST fold contains an N-terminal TRX-fold domain and a C-terminal alpha helical domain, with an active site located in a cleft between the two domains. The plant-specific class Tau GST subfamily has undergone extensive gene duplication. The Arabidopsis and Oryza genomes contain 28 and 40 Tau GSTs, respectively. They are primarily responsible for herbicide detoxification together with class Phi GSTs, showing class specificity in substrate preference. Tau enzymes are highly efficient in detoxifying diphenylether and aryloxyphenoxypropionate herbicides. In addition, Tau GSTs play important roles in intracellular signalling, biosynthesis of anthocyanin,
Probab=97.19 E-value=0.0043 Score=39.45 Aligned_cols=78 Identities=21% Similarity=0.306 Sum_probs=59.9
Q ss_pred CCEEEEECCCCC---CCCCCHHHHHHHHHHHCCCCEEEEECCCCHHHHHHHHHHHCCCCCCEEEECCEEECCHHHHHHHH
Q ss_conf 897999448999---89983179999999974996589971144037999999734787763898998942769999999
Q gi|254780968|r 16 NDVVLFMKGTPT---SPRCGFSGKVVQVLDSLGVSYKGIDVLADDALRQSIKEYSNWPTIPQLYVKGDFIGGCDIVCEMF 92 (106)
Q Consensus 16 ~~Vvifskgt~~---~p~C~~c~~ak~lL~~~~i~y~~~dv~~d~~~~~~l~~~sg~~TvPqIFv~G~~IGG~d~l~~l~ 92 (106)
T Consensus 4 p~iel~vKAs~~~~~~G~CPF~QR~~mvL~~Kgv~f~vt~VDl~-~kPe~f~~~~p~~~~PvL~~~g~~~~ds~~I~e~l 82 (91)
T cd03061 4 PEIELFVKASSDGESIGNCPFCQRLFMVLWLKGVVFNVTTVDMK-RKPEDLKDLAPGTQPPFLLYNGEVKTDNNKIEEFL 82 (91)
T ss_pred CCEEEEEEECCCCCCCCCCHHHHHHHHHHHHCCCCCEEEEEECC-CCHHHHHHHCCCCCCCEEEECCEEEECHHHHHHHH
T ss_conf 62799999257875455777789999999974997458985546-69299996598999999988999963389999999
Q ss_pred HC
Q ss_conf 88
Q gi|254780968|r 93 ES 94 (106)
Q Consensus 93 ~~ 94 (106)
T Consensus 83 Ee 84 (91)
T cd03061 83 EE 84 (91)
T ss_pred HH
T ss_conf 85
They are auto-inserting, self-assembling intracellular anion channels involved in a wide variety of functions including regulated secretion, cell division and apoptosis. They can exist in both water-soluble and membrane-bound states, and are found in various vesicles and membranes. Biochemical studies of the C. elegans homolog, EXC-4, show that the membrane localization domain is present in the N-terminal part of the protein. The structure of soluble human CLIC1 reveals that it is monomeric and it adopts a fold similar to GSTs, containing an N-terminal domain with a TRX fold and a C-terminal alpha helical domain. Upon oxidation, the N-terminal domain of CLIC1 undergoes a structural change to form a non-covalent dimer stabilized by the formation of an intramolecular disulfide bond between two cysteines that are far apart in the reduced form. The CLI
>cd03026 AhpF_NTD_C TRX-GRX-like family, Alkyl hydroperoxide reductase F subunit (AhpF) N-terminal domain (NTD) subfamily, C-terminal TRX-fold subdomain; AhpF is a homodimeric flavoenzyme which catalyzes the NADH-dependent reduction of the peroxiredoxin AhpC, which then reduces hydrogen peroxide and organic hydroperoxides
Probab=97.14 E-value=0.0028 Score=40.48 Aligned_cols=73 Identities=21% Similarity=0.268 Sum_probs=45.4
Q ss_pred HHHHHHHHHHHHCCEEEEECCCCCCCCCCHHHHHHHHHHHC-----CCCEEEEECCCCHHHHHHHHHHHCCCCCCEEEEC
Q ss_conf 89999999964489799944899989983179999999974-----9965899711440379999997347877638989
Q gi|254780968|r 4 SVNSIIQNEIKKNDVVLFMKGTPTSPRCGFSGKVVQVLDSL-----GVSYKGIDVLADDALRQSIKEYSNWPTIPQLYVK 78 (106)
Q Consensus 4 ~~~~~i~~~i~~~~Vvifskgt~~~p~C~~c~~ak~lL~~~-----~i~y~~~dv~~d~~~~~~l~~~sg~~TvPqIFv~ 78 (106)
T Consensus 2 ~~~e~i~~i~~~~~i~vfV--S---lsC~~CP~vV~a~~~~A~~Np~I~~~~iD~----~~f~d~~~~~~ImsVP~vviN 72 (89)
T cd03026 2 DLLEQIRRLNGPINFETYV--S---LSCHNCPDVVQALNLMAVLNPNIEHEMIDG----ALFQDEVEERGIMSVPAIFLN 72 (89)
T ss_pred HHHHHHHHCCCCEEEEEEE--C---CCCCCCHHHHHHHHHHHHHCCCCEEEEEEH----HHCHHHHHHCCCCCCCEEEEC
T ss_conf 6899998569976899998--2---899997899999999998699816999980----647889997596448979999
Q ss_pred CEEECCH
Q ss_conf 9894276
Q gi|254780968|r 79 GDFIGGC 85 (106)
Q Consensus 79 G~~IGG~ 85 (106)
T Consensus 73 ~e~~~~G 79 (89)
T cd03026 73 GELFGFG 79 (89)
T ss_pred CEEEEEC
T ss_conf 9677406
AhpF contains an NTD containing two contiguous TRX-fold subdomains similar to Pyrococcus furiosus protein disulfide oxidoreductase (PfPDO). It also contains a catalytic core similar to TRX reductase containing FAD and NADH binding domains with an active site disulfide. The proposed mechanism of action of AhpF is similar to a TRX/TRX reductase system. The flow of reducing equivalents goes from NADH - catalytic core of AhpF - NTD of AhpF - AhpC - peroxide substrates. The catalytic CXXC motif of the NTD of AhpF is contained in its C-terminal TRX subdomain.
>PRK09481 sspA stringent starvation protein A; Provisional
Probab=97.09 E-value=0.0015 Score=42.14 Aligned_cols=68 Identities=18% Similarity=0.283 Sum_probs=41.7
Q ss_pred HHHHHHCCEEEEECCCCCCCCCCHHHHHHHHHHHC-------CCCEEEEECCCCHHHHHHHHHHHCCCCCCEEEECCE--
Q ss_conf 99964489799944899989983179999999974-------996589971144037999999734787763898998--
Q gi|254780968|r 10 QNEIKKNDVVLFMKGTPTSPRCGFSGKVVQVLDSL-------GVSYKGIDVLADDALRQSIKEYSNWPTIPQLYVKGD-- 80 (106)
Q Consensus 10 ~~~i~~~~Vvifskgt~~~p~C~~c~~ak~lL~~~-------~i~y~~~dv~~d~~~~~~l~~~sg~~TvPqIFv~G~-- 80 (106)
T Consensus 12 ~~~~~g~~lV~F-----yApWC~~Ck~l~P~~e~la~~~~~~~v~i~~vD~~~~~~l~~~~~-I~~~PTi-~~~~~G~~~ 84 (101)
T cd02994 12 TLVLEGEWMIEF-----YAPWCPACQQLQPEWEEFADWSDDLGINVAKVDVTQEPGLSGRFF-VTALPTI-YHAKDGVFR 84 (101)
T ss_pred HHHHCCCEEEEE-----ECCCCHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHCCCCCEEEEEECCCCCHHHHHHCC-EEEEEEE-EEEECCCEE
T ss_conf 988389889999-----899873577774899999986467877999901755965785478-0784189-998199386
Q ss_pred -EECC
Q ss_conf -9427
Q gi|254780968|r 81 -FIGG 84 (106)
Q Consensus 81 -~IGG 84 (106)
T Consensus 85 ~y~G~ 89 (101)
T cd02994 85 RYQGP 89 (101)
T ss_pred EEECC
T ss_conf 61479
TMX is a type I integral membrane protein; the N-terminal redox active TRX domain is present in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumen while the C-terminus is oriented towards the cytoplasm. It is expressed in many cell types and its active site motif (CPAC) is unique. In vitro, TMX reduces interchain disulfides of insulin and renatures inactive RNase containing incorrect disulfide bonds. The C. elegans homolog, DPY-11, is expressed only in the hypodermis and resides in the cytoplasm. It is required for body and sensory organ morphogeneis. Another uncharacterized TRX-related transmembrane protein, human TMX4, is included in the alignment. The active site sequence of TMX4 is CPSC.
These proteins are related to the pfam00462 family.
>cd02949 TRX_NTR TRX domain, novel NADPH thioredoxin reductase (NTR) family; composed of fusion proteins found only in oxygenic photosynthetic organisms containing both TRX and NTR domains
Probab=96.93 E-value=0.002 Score=41.30 Aligned_cols=69 Identities=17% Similarity=0.402 Sum_probs=44.7
Q ss_pred HHHHHHH-C-CEEEEECCCCCCCCCCHHHHHHHHHHHC------CCCEEEEECCCCHHHHHHHHHHHCCCCCCE--EEEC
Q ss_conf 9999644-8-9799944899989983179999999974------996589971144037999999734787763--8989
Q gi|254780968|r 9 IQNEIKK-N-DVVLFMKGTPTSPRCGFSGKVVQVLDSL------GVSYKGIDVLADDALRQSIKEYSNWPTIPQ--LYVK 78 (106)
Q Consensus 9 i~~~i~~-~-~Vvifskgt~~~p~C~~c~~ak~lL~~~------~i~y~~~dv~~d~~~~~~l~~~sg~~TvPq--IFv~ 78 (106)
T Consensus 5 ~~~l~~~s~k~VlV~F----~A~wCgpCk~l~P~l~~la~ey~~~v~f~kvDvd~~~~la----~~~~I~~~PT~~~fk~ 76 (97)
T cd02949 5 LRKLYHESDRLILVLY----TSPTCGPCRTLKPILNKVIDEFDGAVHFVEIDIDEDQEIA----EAAGIMGTPTVQFFKD 76 (97)
T ss_pred HHHHHHHCCCEEEEEE----ECCCCCCHHHHHHHHHHHHHHCCCCEEEEEEECCCCHHHH----HHCCCCCCCEEEEEEC
T ss_conf 8999985799499999----8999856564269999999983797199999688798899----9819931778999999
Q ss_pred CEEECCH
Q ss_conf 9894276
Q gi|254780968|r 79 GDFIGGC 85 (106)
Q Consensus 79 G~~IGG~ 85 (106)
T Consensus 77 g~~v~~~ 83 (97)
T cd02949 77 KELVKEI 83 (97)
T ss_pred CEEEEEE
T ss_conf 9996888
The TRX domain functions as a protein disulfide reductase via the reversible oxidation of an active center dithiol present in a CXXC motif, while the NTR domain functions as a reductant to oxidized TRX. The fusion protein is bifunctional, showing both TRX and NTR activities, but it is not an independent NTR/TRX system. In plants, the protein is found exclusively in shoots and mature leaves and is localized in the chloroplast. It is involved in plant protection against oxidative stress.
>cd03038 GST_N_etherase_LigE GST_N family, Beta etherase LigE subfamily; composed of proteins similar to Sphingomonas paucimobilis beta etherase, LigE, a GST-like protein that catalyzes the cleavage of the beta-aryl ether linkages present in low-moleculer weight lignins using GSH as the hydrogen donor
This reaction is an essential step in the degradation of lignin, a complex phenolic polymer that is the most abundant aromatic material in the biosphere. The beta etherase activity of LigE is enantioselective and it complements the activity of the other GST family beta etherase, LigF.
Probab=96.87 E-value=0.0026 Score=40.74 Aligned_cols=82 Identities=27% Similarity=0.515 Sum_probs=46.5
Q ss_pred HHHHHHHHHCCEEEEECCCCCCCCCCHHHHHH-------HHHHHCC--CCEEEEECCCCHHHHHHHHHHHCCCCCCEEEE
Q ss_conf 99999964489799944899989983179999-------9999749--96589971144037999999734787763898
Q gi|254780968|r 7 SIIQNEIKKNDVVLFMKGTPTSPRCGFSGKVV-------QVLDSLG--VSYKGIDVLADDALRQSIKEYSNWPTIPQLYV 77 (106)
Q Consensus 7 ~~i~~~i~~~~Vvifskgt~~~p~C~~c~~ak-------~lL~~~~--i~y~~~dv~~d~~~~~~l~~~sg~~TvPqIFv 77 (106)
T Consensus 41 ~nF~~~i~~~~~vLV~F---YAPWCGHCK~LaPey~~AA~~Lk~~~~~V~lakVDct~~~~L~~~~~-I~gYPTL-klF~ 115 (479)
T PTZ00102 41 GTFDKFITKNDLVLVKF---YAPWCGHCKRLAPEYNKAAKMLSEEKSEVKLASVDATEENALAQEYG-VTGYPTL-KFFN 115 (479)
T ss_pred HHHHHHHHHCCEEEEEE---ECCCCHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHCCCCEEEEEEECCCCHHHHHHCC-CCCCCEE-EEEE
T ss_conf 40899996398289999---89865877746599999999988428953899974765687898639-8878757-9970
Q ss_pred CCEEE---CC--HHHHHHHHH
Q ss_conf 99894---27--699999998
Q gi|254780968|r 78 KGDFI---GG--CDIVCEMFE 93 (106)
Q Consensus 78 ~G~~I---GG--~d~l~~l~~ 93 (106)
T Consensus 116 ~G~~~~Y~G~R~a~~Iv~~m~ 136 (479)
T PTZ00102 116 KGNEVNYSGGRTADGIVSWLK 136 (479)
T ss_pred CCCCCCCCCCCCHHHHHHHHH
T ss_conf 896417999789999999999
>cd02989 Phd_like_TxnDC9 Phosducin (Phd)-like family, Thioredoxin (TRX) domain containing protein 9 (TxnDC9) subfamily; composed of predominantly uncharacterized eukaryotic proteins, containing a TRX-like domain without the redox active CXXC motif
Probab=96.84 E-value=0.0039 Score=39.69 Aligned_cols=75 Identities=17% Similarity=0.222 Sum_probs=50.3
Q ss_pred HHHHHHHHHHCC-EEEEECCCCCCCCCCHHHHHHHHHHHC-----CCCEEEEECCCCHHHHHHHHHHHCCCCCCE--EEE
Q ss_conf 999999964489-799944899989983179999999974-----996589971144037999999734787763--898
Q gi|254780968|r 6 NSIIQNEIKKND-VVLFMKGTPTSPRCGFSGKVVQVLDSL-----GVSYKGIDVLADDALRQSIKEYSNWPTIPQ--LYV 77 (106)
Q Consensus 6 ~~~i~~~i~~~~-Vvifskgt~~~p~C~~c~~ak~lL~~~-----~i~y~~~dv~~d~~~~~~l~~~sg~~TvPq--IFv 77 (106)
T Consensus 12 e~ef~e~i~~~~~VVV~F----ya~wc~~Ck~l~p~l~~lA~~~~~v~F~kvn~d~~p~i~----~~~~I~~lPT~~~fk 83 (113)
T cd02989 12 EKEFFEIVKSSERVVCHF----YHPEFFRCKIMDKHLEILAKKHLETKFIKVNAEKAPFLV----EKLNIKVLPTVILFK 83 (113)
T ss_pred HHHHHHHHCCCCCEEEEE----ECCCCCCHHHHHHHHHHHHHHCCCCEEEEEECCCCHHHH----HHCCCCCCCEEEEEE
T ss_conf 999999864799799999----899996678889999999997879759999846797789----986987588899999
Q ss_pred CCEEEC---CHHHH
Q ss_conf 998942---76999
Q gi|254780968|r 78 KGDFIG---GCDIV 88 (106)
Q Consensus 78 ~G~~IG---G~d~l 88 (106)
T Consensus 84 ~G~~vd~ivGf~~~ 97 (113)
T cd02989 84 NGKTVDRIVGFEEL 97 (113)
T ss_pred CCEEEEEEECCHHC
T ss_conf 99998999994214
The gene name for the human protein is TxnDC9. The two characterized members are described as Phd-like proteins, PLP1 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and PhLP3 of Dictyostelium discoideum. Gene disruption experiments show that both PLP1 and PhLP3 are non-essential proteins. Unlike Phd and most Phd-like proteins, members of this group do not contain the Phd N-terminal helical domain which is implicated in binding to the G protein betagamma subunit.
>cd02947 TRX_family TRX family; composed of two groups: Group I, which includes proteins that exclusively encode a TRX domain; and Group II, which are composed of fusion proteins of TRX and additional domains
Probab=96.82 E-value=0.0014 Score=42.17 Aligned_cols=72 Identities=25% Similarity=0.428 Sum_probs=42.2
Q ss_pred HHHHHHHC-CEEEEECCCCCCCCCCHHHHHHHHHHHCC-----CCEEEEECCCCHHHHHHHHHHHCCCCCCEEEECCE--
Q ss_conf 99996448-97999448999899831799999999749-----96589971144037999999734787763898998--
Q gi|254780968|r 9 IQNEIKKN-DVVLFMKGTPTSPRCGFSGKVVQVLDSLG-----VSYKGIDVLADDALRQSIKEYSNWPTIPQLYVKGD-- 80 (106)
Q Consensus 9 i~~~i~~~-~Vvifskgt~~~p~C~~c~~ak~lL~~~~-----i~y~~~dv~~d~~~~~~l~~~sg~~TvPqIFv~G~-- 80 (106)
T Consensus 3 ~~~~i~~~~~vlv~f----~a~wC~~C~~~~p~l~~~~~~~~~~~~~~vd~~~~~~l~~~~~-i~~~Pt~-~~~~~G~~~ 76 (93)
T cd02947 3 FEELIKSAKPVVVDF----WAPWCGPCKAIAPVLEELAEEYPKVKFVKVDVDENPELAEEYG-VRSIPTF-LFFKNGKEV 76 (93)
T ss_pred HHHHHHCCCCEEEEE----ECCCCCCCCCCCHHHHHHCCCCCCEEEEEECCCCCHHHHHCCC-CCCCCCE-EEEECCEEE
T ss_conf 789960899599999----7899826202360122322444545999955765953530578-6736968-999899899
Q ss_pred --EECCHH
Q ss_conf --942769
Q gi|254780968|r 81 --FIGGCD 86 (106)
Q Consensus 81 --~IGG~d 86 (106)
T Consensus 77 ~~~~G~~~ 84 (93)
T cd02947 77 DRVVGADP 84 (93)
T ss_pred EEEECCCC
T ss_conf 99978999
Group I TRX is a small ancient protein that alter the redox state of target proteins via the reversible oxidation of an active site dithiol, present in a CXXC motif, partially exposed at the protein's surface. TRX reduces protein disulfide bonds, resulting in a disulfide bond at its active site. Oxidized TRX is converted to the active form by TRX reductase, using reducing equivalents derived from either NADPH or ferredoxins. By altering their redox state, TRX regulates the functions of at least 30 target proteins, some of which are enzymes and transcription factors. It also plays an important role in the defense against oxidative stress by directly reducing hydrogen peroxide and certain radicals, and by serving as a reductant for peroxiredoxins. At least two major types of functio
Probab=96.50 E-value=0.0087 Score=37.68 Aligned_cols=67 Identities=18% Similarity=0.420 Sum_probs=43.9
Q ss_pred HHHHHHHC-CEEEEECCCCCCCCCCHHHHHHHHHHHC------CCCEEEEECCCCHHHHHHHHHHHCCCCCCE--EEECC
Q ss_conf 99996448-9799944899989983179999999974------996589971144037999999734787763--89899
Q gi|254780968|r 9 IQNEIKKN-DVVLFMKGTPTSPRCGFSGKVVQVLDSL------GVSYKGIDVLADDALRQSIKEYSNWPTIPQ--LYVKG 79 (106)
Q Consensus 9 i~~~i~~~-~Vvifskgt~~~p~C~~c~~ak~lL~~~------~i~y~~~dv~~d~~~~~~l~~~sg~~TvPq--IFv~G 79 (106)
T Consensus 45 f~~~i~s~~PVlVdF----wA~WCgPCk~m~P~~e~lA~~~~~kv~f~kVd~d~~~~l----a~~~~I~siPTlilfk~G 116 (139)
T PRK10996 45 LDKLLKDDLPVVIDF----WAPWCGPCRNFAPIFEDVAAERSGKVRFVKVNTEAEREL----SARFGIRSIPTIMIFKNG 116 (139)
T ss_pred HHHHHCCCCCEEEEE----ECCCCHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHCCCEEEEEEECHHHHHH----HHHCCCCCCCEEEEEECC
T ss_conf 999856899889999----899887067428999999886289479999952577788----887076718859999899
Q ss_pred EEEC
Q ss_conf 8942
Q gi|254780968|r 80 DFIG 83 (106)
Q Consensus 80 ~~IG 83 (106)
T Consensus 117 ~~v~ 120 (139)
T PRK10996 117 QVVD 120 (139)
T ss_pred EEEE
T ss_conf 8977
>cd03042 GST_N_Zeta GST_N family, Class Zeta subfamily; GSTs are cytosolic dimeric proteins involved in cellular detoxification by catalyzing the conjugation of glutathione (GSH) with a wide range of endogenous and xenobiotic alkylating agents, including carcinogens, therapeutic drugs, environmental toxins and products of oxidative stress
The GST fold contains an N-terminal TRX-fold domain and a C-terminal alpha helical domain, with an active site located in a cleft between the two domains. Class Zeta GSTs, also known as maleylacetoacetate (MAA) isomerases, catalyze the isomerization of MAA to fumarylacetoacetate, the penultimate step in tyrosine/phenylalanine catabolism, using GSH as a cofactor. They show little GSH-conjugating activity towards traditional GST substrates but display modest GSH peroxidase activity. They are also implicated in the detoxification of the carcinogen dichloroacetic acid by catalyzing its dechlorination to glyoxylic acid.
>cd02996 PDI_a_ERp44 PDIa family, endoplasmic reticulum protein 44 (ERp44) subfamily; ERp44 is an ER-resident protein, induced during stress, involved in thiol-mediated ER retention
Probab=96.49 E-value=0.0062 Score=38.54 Aligned_cols=66 Identities=18% Similarity=0.359 Sum_probs=40.7
Q ss_pred HHHHHHHHHCCE--EEEECCCCCCCCCCHHHHHHHHHHHCC------------CCEEEEECCCCHHHHHHHHHHHCCCCC
Q ss_conf 999999644897--999448999899831799999999749------------965899711440379999997347877
Q gi|254780968|r 7 SIIQNEIKKNDV--VLFMKGTPTSPRCGFSGKVVQVLDSLG------------VSYKGIDVLADDALRQSIKEYSNWPTI 72 (106)
Q Consensus 7 ~~i~~~i~~~~V--vifskgt~~~p~C~~c~~ak~lL~~~~------------i~y~~~dv~~d~~~~~~l~~~sg~~Tv 72 (106)
T Consensus 9 ~nf~~~l~~~~~~lV~F-----yA~WC~~Ck~~~P~~~~~a~~~~~~~~~~~~v~~~~vd~~~~~----~l~~~~~I~~y 79 (108)
T cd02996 9 GNIDDILQSAELVLVNF-----YADWCRFSQMLHPIFEEAAAKIKEEFPDAGKVVWGKVDCDKES----DIADRYRINKY 79 (108)
T ss_pred HHHHHHHHCCCEEEEEE-----ECCCCHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHCCCCCEEEEEEECCCCCH----HHHHHCCCCCC
T ss_conf 76999996699499999-----9999988998645999999998864577871899992276376----67997298757
Q ss_pred CE--EEECCEE
Q ss_conf 63--8989989
Q gi|254780968|r 73 PQ--LYVKGDF 81 (106)
Q Consensus 73 Pq--IFv~G~~ 81 (106)
T Consensus 80 PTi~lf~~G~~ 90 (108)
T cd02996 80 PTLKLFRNGMM 90 (108)
T ss_pred CEEEEEECCCC
T ss_conf 77999969949
It contains an N-terminal TRX domain, similar to that of PDIa, with a CXFS motif followed by two redox inactive TRX-like domains, homologous to the b and b' domains of PDI. The CXFS motif in the N-terminal domain allows ERp44 to form stable reversible mixed disulfides with its substrates. Through this activity, ERp44 mediates the ER localization of Ero1alpha, a protein that oxidizes protein disulfide isomerases into their active form. ERp44 also prevents the secretion of unassembled cargo protein with unpaired cysteines. It also modulates the activity of inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate type I receptor (IP3R1), an intracellular channel protein that mediates calcium release from the ER to the cytosol.
>cd02950 TxlA TRX-like protein A (TxlA) family; TxlA was originally isolated from the cyanobacterium Synechococcus
Probab=96.40 E-value=0.016 Score=36.17 Aligned_cols=69 Identities=12% Similarity=0.183 Sum_probs=45.4
Q ss_pred HHHHC-CEEEEECCCCCCCCCCHHHHHHHHHHHC------CCCEEEEECCCCHHHHHHHHHHHCCCCCCE-EEE--CCEE
Q ss_conf 96448-9799944899989983179999999974------996589971144037999999734787763-898--9989
Q gi|254780968|r 12 EIKKN-DVVLFMKGTPTSPRCGFSGKVVQVLDSL------GVSYKGIDVLADDALRQSIKEYSNWPTIPQ-LYV--KGDF 81 (106)
Q Consensus 12 ~i~~~-~Vvifskgt~~~p~C~~c~~ak~lL~~~------~i~y~~~dv~~d~~~~~~l~~~sg~~TvPq-IFv--~G~~ 81 (106)
T Consensus 16 al~ngKPvlVdF----yA~WC~~Ck~maP~le~l~~~Y~dkv~fv~vNVDn~~w-~~~-~~~y~V~giPt~~~fd~~G~~ 89 (142)
T cd02950 16 ALSNGKPTLVEF----YADWCTVCQEMAPDVAKLKQKYGDQVNFVMLNVDNPKW-LPE-IDRYRVDGIPHFVFLDREGNE 89 (142)
T ss_pred HHHCCCCEEEEE----ECCCCHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHCCCCEEEEEECCCCCC-HHH-HHHHCCCCCCEEEEECCCCCE
T ss_conf 971799789999----89989778877389999999958921499997888705-679-998197888769998689969
Q ss_pred ECCHH
Q ss_conf 42769
Q gi|254780968|r 82 IGGCD 86 (106)
Q Consensus 82 IGG~d 86 (106)
T Consensus 90 ~~~~i 94 (142)
T cd02950 90 EGQSI 94 (142)
T ss_pred EEEEC
T ss_conf 10353
It is found only in oxygenic photosynthetic organisms. TRX is a small enzyme that participate in redox reactions, via the reversible oxidation of an active site dithiol present in a CXXC motif. Disruption of the txlA gene suggests that the protein is involved in the redox regulation of the structure and function of photosynthetic apparatus. The plant homolog (designated as HCF164) is localized in the chloroplast and is involved in the assembly of the cytochrome b6f complex, which takes a central position in photosynthetic electron transport.
>cd02963 TRX_DnaJ TRX domain, DnaJ domain containing protein family; composed of uncharacterized proteins of about 500-800 amino acids, containing an N-terminal DnaJ domain followed by one redox active TRX domain
Probab=96.28 E-value=0.023 Score=35.22 Aligned_cols=74 Identities=15% Similarity=0.179 Sum_probs=49.8
Q ss_pred HHHHHHHHHHH---CCEEEEECCCCCCCCCCHHHHHHHHHHH-------CCCCEEEEECCCCHHHHHHHHHHHCCCCCCE
Q ss_conf 99999999644---8979994489998998317999999997-------4996589971144037999999734787763
Q gi|254780968|r 5 VNSIIQNEIKK---NDVVLFMKGTPTSPRCGFSGKVVQVLDS-------LGVSYKGIDVLADDALRQSIKEYSNWPTIPQ 74 (106)
Q Consensus 5 ~~~~i~~~i~~---~~Vvifskgt~~~p~C~~c~~ak~lL~~-------~~i~y~~~dv~~d~~~~~~l~~~sg~~TvPq 74 (106)
T Consensus 11 ~~~f~~~Vl~~S~~kPvlV~F----~A~WC~pC~~l~P~~~~~a~ele~~~v~~~~Vn~d~~~~----la~~~gV~siPt 82 (111)
T cd02963 11 FSQYENEIVPKSFKKPYLIKI----TSDWCFSCIHIEPVWKEVIQELEPLGVGIATVNAGHERR----LARKLGAHSVPA 82 (111)
T ss_pred HHHHHHHHHHCCCCCCEEEEE----ECCCCHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHCCCCEEEEEEECCCCHH----HHHHCCCCCCCE
T ss_conf 999889998604897399999----997478788650799999998345755999994886989----999819986898
Q ss_pred E--EECCEEECCHH
Q ss_conf 8--98998942769
Q gi|254780968|r 75 L--YVKGDFIGGCD 86 (106)
Q Consensus 75 I--Fv~G~~IGG~d 86 (106)
T Consensus 83 l~~~~~G~~v~~~~ 96 (111)
T cd02963 83 IVGIINGQVTFYHD 96 (111)
T ss_pred EEEEECCEEEEEEC
T ss_conf 99999999988663
DnaJ is a member of the 40 kDa heat-shock protein (Hsp40) family of molecular chaperones, which regulate the activity of Hsp70s. TRX is involved in the redox regulation of many protein substrates through the reduction of disulfide bonds. TRX has been implicated to catalyse the reduction of Hsp33, a chaperone holdase that binds to unfolded protein intermediates. The presence of DnaJ and TRX domains in members of this family suggests that they could be involved in a redox-regulated chaperone network.
>cd03053 GST_N_Phi GST_N family, Class Phi subfamily; composed of plant-specific class Phi GSTs and related fungal and bacterial proteins
GSTs are cytosolic dimeric proteins involved in cellular detoxification by catalyzing the conjugation of glutathione (GSH) with a wide range of endogenous and xenobiotic alkylating agents, including carcinogens, therapeutic drugs, environmental toxins and products of oxidative stress. The GST fold contains an N-terminal TRX-fold domain and a C-terminal alpha helical domain, with an active site located in a cleft between the two domains. The class Phi GST subfamily has experience extensive gene duplication. The Arabidopsis and Oryza genomes contain 13 and 16 Phi GSTs, respectively. They are primarily responsible for herbicide detoxification together with class Tau GSTs, showing class specificity in substrate preference. Phi enzymes are highly reactive toward chloroacetanilide and thiocarbamate herbicides. Some Phi GSTs have other functions including t
Probab=96.17 E-value=0.017 Score=35.92 Aligned_cols=68 Identities=24% Similarity=0.481 Sum_probs=39.1
Q ss_pred HHHHHHHHCC-E-EEEECCCCCCCCCCHHHHHHHHHHHC--------CCCEEEEECCCCHHHHHHHHH---HHCCCCCCE
Q ss_conf 9999964489-7-99944899989983179999999974--------996589971144037999999---734787763
Q gi|254780968|r 8 IIQNEIKKND-V-VLFMKGTPTSPRCGFSGKVVQVLDSL--------GVSYKGIDVLADDALRQSIKE---YSNWPTIPQ 74 (106)
Q Consensus 8 ~i~~~i~~~~-V-vifskgt~~~p~C~~c~~ak~lL~~~--------~i~y~~~dv~~d~~~~~~l~~---~sg~~TvPq 74 (106)
T Consensus 9 nF~~~i~~~~~vlV~F-----yA~WC~~Ck~~~P~~~~~a~~~~~~~~~~~~~vd~~~~~--~~~l~~~~~V~~~PTi-~ 80 (104)
T cd02997 9 DFRKFLKKEKHVLVMF-----YAPWCGHCKKMKPEFTKAATELKEDGKGVLAAVDCTKPE--HDALKEEYNVKGFPTF-K 80 (104)
T ss_pred HHHHHHHCCCCEEEEE-----ECCCCHHHCCCCCHHHHHHHHHHHCCCEEEEEEECCCCC--CHHHHHHCCCCCCCEE-E
T ss_conf 7999984699899999-----889981111567649999999755588799999756300--7878865464558789-9
Q ss_pred EEECCEEEC
Q ss_conf 898998942
Q gi|254780968|r 75 LYVKGDFIG 83 (106)
Q Consensus 75 IFv~G~~IG 83 (106)
T Consensus 81 ~f~~G~~~~ 89 (104)
T cd02997 81 YFENGKFVE 89 (104)
T ss_pred EEECCEEEE
T ss_conf 998994967
PDIR is composed of three redox active TRX (a) domains and an N-terminal redox inactive TRX-like (b) domain. Similar to PDI, it is involved in oxidative protein folding in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) through its isomerase and chaperone activities. These activities are lower compared to PDI, probably due to PDIR acting only on a subset of proteins. PDIR is preferentially expressed in cells actively secreting proteins and its expression is induced by stress. Similar to PDI, the isomerase and chaperone activities of PDIR are independent; CXXC mutants lacking isomerase activity retain chaperone activity.
Probab=96.17 E-value=0.0063 Score=38.47 Aligned_cols=68 Identities=15% Similarity=0.324 Sum_probs=39.7
Q ss_pred HHHHHHH--CCEEEEECCCCCCCCCCHHHHHHHHHHHCCC------CEEEEECCCCHHHHHHHHHHHCCCCCCEE--EEC
Q ss_conf 9999644--8979994489998998317999999997499------65899711440379999997347877638--989
Q gi|254780968|r 9 IQNEIKK--NDVVLFMKGTPTSPRCGFSGKVVQVLDSLGV------SYKGIDVLADDALRQSIKEYSNWPTIPQL--YVK 78 (106)
Q Consensus 9 i~~~i~~--~~Vvifskgt~~~p~C~~c~~ak~lL~~~~i------~y~~~dv~~d~~~~~~l~~~sg~~TvPqI--Fv~ 78 (106)
T Consensus 10 F~~~v~~~~k~vlv~F----~a~wC~~C~~~~~~~~~~a~~~~~~~~~~~vd~d~~~~----~~~~~~i~~~Pti~~~~~ 81 (104)
T pfam00085 10 FDEEVAKSDKPVLVDF----YAPWCGPCKALAPEYEKLAQEYKDDVKFAKVDADENPD----LASEYGVRGFPTIKFFKN 81 (104)
T ss_pred HHHHHHHCCCCEEEEE----ECCCCHHHHHCCHHHHHHCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCHH----HHHCCCCEECCEEEEEEC
T ss_conf 8999860899499999----89998504510704444222221101220014654853----532479625090899989
Q ss_pred CEEECC
Q ss_conf 989427
Q gi|254780968|r 79 GDFIGG 84 (106)
Q Consensus 79 G~~IGG 84 (106)
T Consensus 82 G~~v~~ 87 (104)
T pfam00085 82 GKKVSD 87 (104)
T ss_pred CEEEEE
T ss_conf 959888
Thioredoxins are small enzymes that participate in redox reactions, via the reversible oxidation of an active centre disulfide bond. Some members with only the active site are not separated from the noise.
>cd03056 GST_N_4 GST_N family, unknown subfamily 4; composed of uncharacterized bacterial proteins with similarity to GSTs
GSTs are cytosolic dimeric proteins involved in cellular detoxification by catalyzing the conjugation of glutathione (GSH) with a wide range of endogenous and xenobiotic alkylating agents, including carcinogens, therapeutic drugs, environmental toxins and products of oxidative stress. GSTs also show GSH peroxidase activity and are involved in the synthesis of prostaglandins and leukotrienes. The GST fold contains an N-terminal TRX-fold domain and a C-terminal alpha helical domain, with an active site located in a cleft between the two domains.
>TIGR03143 AhpF_homolog putative alkyl hydroperoxide reductase F subunit
Probab=96.12 E-value=0.019 Score=35.65 Aligned_cols=76 Identities=16% Similarity=0.175 Sum_probs=48.8
Q ss_pred CCHHHHHHHHHHHHHCCEEEEECCCCCCCCCCHHHHHHHHHHHC-----CCCEEEEECCCCHHHHHHHHHHHCCCCCCEE
Q ss_conf 98689999999964489799944899989983179999999974-----9965899711440379999997347877638
Q gi|254780968|r 1 MNSSVNSIIQNEIKKNDVVLFMKGTPTSPRCGFSGKVVQVLDSL-----GVSYKGIDVLADDALRQSIKEYSNWPTIPQL 75 (106)
Q Consensus 1 m~~~~~~~i~~~i~~~~Vvifskgt~~~p~C~~c~~ak~lL~~~-----~i~y~~~dv~~d~~~~~~l~~~sg~~TvPqI 75 (106)
T Consensus 463 ~~~~~~~~i~~~~~~~~~~~~vs-----lsC~~CPdvV~a~~~~a~~np~i~~~~id~----~~f~~~~~~~~im~VP~~ 533 (555)
T TIGR03143 463 LGEELLEKIKKITKPVNIKIGVS-----LSCTLCPDVVLAAQRIASLNPNVEAEMIDV----SHFPDLKDEYGIMSVPAI 533 (555)
T ss_pred CCHHHHHHHHHCCCCEEEEEEEE-----CCCCCCHHHHHHHHHHHHHCCCCEEEEEEH----HHCHHHHHHCCCCCCCEE
T ss_conf 89899999984589726999997-----678898699999999997399951999863----638888986396537769
Q ss_pred EECCEEECCH
Q ss_conf 9899894276
Q gi|254780968|r 76 YVKGDFIGGC 85 (106)
Q Consensus 76 Fv~G~~IGG~ 85 (106)
T Consensus 534 ~~n~~~~~~g 543 (555)
T TIGR03143 534 VVDDQQVYFG 543 (555)
T ss_pred EECCEECCCC
T ss_conf 9999351036
This family of thioredoxin reductase homologs is found adjacent to alkylhydroperoxide reductase C subunit predominantly in cases where there is only one C subunit in the genome and that genome is lacking the F subunit partner (also a thioredcxin reductase homolog) that is usually found (TIGR03140).
>cd02956 ybbN ybbN protein family; ybbN is a hypothetical protein containing a redox-inactive TRX-like domain
Its gene has been sequenced from several gammaproteobacteria and actinobacteria.
>cd03005 PDI_a_ERp46 PDIa family, endoplasmic reticulum protein 46 (ERp46) subfamily; ERp46 is an ER-resident protein containing three redox active TRX domains
Probab=96.05 E-value=0.034 Score=34.28 Aligned_cols=68 Identities=16% Similarity=0.333 Sum_probs=39.0
Q ss_pred HHHHHHHCCEE-EEECCCCCCCCCCHHHHHHHHHHHC---------CCCEEEEECCCCHHHHHHHHHHHCCCCCCEE--E
Q ss_conf 99996448979-9944899989983179999999974---------9965899711440379999997347877638--9
Q gi|254780968|r 9 IQNEIKKNDVV-LFMKGTPTSPRCGFSGKVVQVLDSL---------GVSYKGIDVLADDALRQSIKEYSNWPTIPQL--Y 76 (106)
Q Consensus 9 i~~~i~~~~Vv-ifskgt~~~p~C~~c~~ak~lL~~~---------~i~y~~~dv~~d~~~~~~l~~~sg~~TvPqI--F 76 (106)
T Consensus 10 F~~~v~~~~~lV~F-----yapWC~~C~~~~P~~~~la~~~~~~~~~v~i~~vd~~~~~~----l~~~~~I~~~PTl~~f 80 (102)
T cd03005 10 FDHHIAEGNHFVKF-----FAPWCGHCKRLAPTWEQLAKKFNNENPSVKIAKVDCTQHRE----LCSEFQVRGYPTLLLF 80 (102)
T ss_pred HHHHHHCCCEEEEE-----ECCCCHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHCCCCEEEEEEECCCCHH----HHHCCCCCCCCEEEEE
T ss_conf 99998089999999-----89999778714336999999988418988999960545625----5531125668879999
Q ss_pred ECCEEECCH
Q ss_conf 899894276
Q gi|254780968|r 77 VKGDFIGGC 85 (106)
Q Consensus 77 v~G~~IGG~ 85 (106)
T Consensus 81 ~~G~~~~~y 89 (102)
T cd03005 81 KDGEKVDKY 89 (102)
T ss_pred ECCEEEEEE
T ss_conf 899496888
Yeast complementation studies show that ERp46 can substitute for protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) function in vivo. It has been detected in many tissues, however, transcript and protein levels do not correlate in all tissues, suggesting regulation at a posttranscriptional level. An identical protein, named endoPDI, has been identified as an endothelial PDI that is highly expressed in the endothelium of tumors and hypoxic lesions. It has a protective effect on cells exposed to hypoxia.
>cd03002 PDI_a_MPD1_like PDI family, MPD1-like subfamily; composed of eukaryotic proteins similar to Saccharomyces cerevisiae MPD1 protein, which contains a single redox active TRX domain located at the N-terminus, and an ER retention signal at the C-terminus indicative of an ER-resident protein
Probab=95.92 E-value=0.036 Score=34.07 Aligned_cols=65 Identities=17% Similarity=0.274 Sum_probs=39.8
Q ss_pred HHHHHH-C-C-EEEEECCCCCCCCCCHHHHHHHHHHHCC------CCEEEEECCCCHHHHHHHHHHHCCCCCCEE--EEC
Q ss_conf 999644-8-9-7999448999899831799999999749------965899711440379999997347877638--989
Q gi|254780968|r 10 QNEIKK-N-D-VVLFMKGTPTSPRCGFSGKVVQVLDSLG------VSYKGIDVLADDALRQSIKEYSNWPTIPQL--YVK 78 (106)
Q Consensus 10 ~~~i~~-~-~-Vvifskgt~~~p~C~~c~~ak~lL~~~~------i~y~~~dv~~d~~~~~~l~~~sg~~TvPqI--Fv~ 78 (106)
T Consensus 11 d~~V~~~~~~~lV~F-----yApWC~~Ck~~~P~~~~~a~~~~~~~~~~~vd~d~~~~--~~i~~~~~I~~~PTi~~f~~ 83 (109)
T cd03002 11 DKVVHNTNYTTLVEF-----YAPWCGHCKNLKPEYAKAAKELDGLVQVAAVDCDEDKN--KPLCGKYGVQGFPTLKVFRP 83 (109)
T ss_pred HHHHHCCCCCEEEEE-----ECCCCCCHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHCCCCEEEEEECCCCCC--HHHHHHCCCCCCCEEEEEEC
T ss_conf 999855998399999-----88868116776799999999808872289996563424--65798769844887999959
Q ss_pred CEE
Q ss_conf 989
Q gi|254780968|r 79 GDF 81 (106)
Q Consensus 79 G~~ 81 (106)
T Consensus 84 G~~ 86 (109)
T cd03002 84 PKK 86 (109)
T ss_pred CCC
T ss_conf 640
MPD1 has been shown to suppress the maturation defect of carboxypeptidase Y caused by deletion of the yeast PDI1 gene. Other characterized members of this subfamily include the Aspergillus niger prpA protein and Giardia PDI-1. PrpA is non-essential to strain viability, however, its transcript level is induced by heterologous protein expression suggesting a possible role in oxidative protein folding during high protein production. Giardia PDI-1 has the ability to refold scrambled RNase and exhibits transglutaminase activity.
>cd03001 PDI_a_P5 PDIa family, P5 subfamily; composed of eukaryotic proteins similar to human P5, a PDI-related protein with a domain structure of aa'b (where a and a' are redox active TRX domains and b is a redox inactive TRX-like domain)
Like PDI, P5 is located in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and displays both isomerase and chaperone activities, which are independent of each other. Compared to PDI, the isomerase and chaperone activities of P5 are lower. The first cysteine in the CXXC motif of both redox active domains in P5 is necessary for isomerase activity. The P5 gene was first isolated as an amplified gene from a hydroxyurea-resistant hamster cell line. The zebrafish P5 homolog has been implicated to play a critical role in establishing left/right asymmetries in the embryonic midline. Some members of this subfamily are P5-like proteins containing only one redox active TRX domain.
>cd03052 GST_N_GDAP1 GST_N family, Ganglioside-induced differentiation-associated protein 1 (GDAP1) subfamily; GDAP1 was originally identified as a highly expressed gene at the differentiated stage of GD3 synthase-transfected cells
More recently, mutations in GDAP1 have been reported to cause both axonal and demyelinating autosomal-recessive Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) type 4A neuropathy. CMT is characterized by slow and progressive weakness and atrophy of muscles. Sequence analysis of GDAP1 shows similarities and differences with GSTs; it appears to contain both N-terminal TRX-fold and C-terminal alpha helical domains of GSTs, however, it also contains additional C-terminal transmembrane domains unlike GSTs. GDAP1 is mainly expressed in neuronal cells and is localized in the mitochondria through its transmembrane domains. It does not exhibit GST activity using standard substrates.
>cd02985 TRX_CDSP32 TRX family, chloroplastic drought-induced stress protein of 32 kD (CDSP32); CDSP32 is composed of two TRX domains, a C-terminal TRX domain which contains a redox active CXXC motif and an N-terminal TRX-like domain which contains an SXXS sequence instead of the redox active motif
Probab=95.33 E-value=0.12 Score=31.13 Aligned_cols=72 Identities=18% Similarity=0.259 Sum_probs=45.5
Q ss_pred HHHHHHHH--CCEEEEECCCCCCCCCCHHHHHHHHHHHC-----CCCEEEEECCCCHHHHHHHHHHHCCCCCCE--EEEC
Q ss_conf 99999644--89799944899989983179999999974-----996589971144037999999734787763--8989
Q gi|254780968|r 8 IIQNEIKK--NDVVLFMKGTPTSPRCGFSGKVVQVLDSL-----GVSYKGIDVLADDALRQSIKEYSNWPTIPQ--LYVK 78 (106)
Q Consensus 8 ~i~~~i~~--~~Vvifskgt~~~p~C~~c~~ak~lL~~~-----~i~y~~~dv~~d~~~~~~l~~~sg~~TvPq--IFv~ 78 (106)
T Consensus 5 ef~~~l~~a~~kLVVvdF---~A~WCgPCk~i~P~~e~La~~~~~v~F~kV~~De~~~~~ela~~-~~I~s~PTF~f~k~ 80 (103)
T cd02985 5 ELDEALKKAKGRLVVLEF---ALKHSGPSVKIYPTMVKLSRTCNDVVFLLVNGDENDSTMELCRR-EKIIEVPHFLFYKD 80 (103)
T ss_pred HHHHHHHHCCCCEEEEEE---ECCCCHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHCCCCEEEEEECCCCHHHHHHHHH-CCCCCCCEEEEEEC
T ss_conf 999999977998899999---89989777763089999997779978999977676557999997-79806337999999
Q ss_pred CEEEC
Q ss_conf 98942
Q gi|254780968|r 79 GDFIG 83 (106)
Q Consensus 79 G~~IG 83 (106)
T Consensus 81 G~~v~ 85 (103)
T cd02985 81 GEKIH 85 (103)
T ss_pred CEEEE
T ss_conf 98999
CDSP32 is a stress-inducible TRX, i.e., it acts as a TRX by reducing protein disulfides and is induced by environmental and oxidative stress conditions. It plays a critical role in plastid defense against oxidative damage, a role related to its function as a physiological electron donor to BAS1, a plastidic 2-cys peroxiredoxin. Plants lacking CDSP32 exhibit decreased photosystem II photochemical efficiencies and chlorophyll retention compared to WT controls, as well as an increased proportion of BAS1 in its overoxidized monomeric form.
>COG3118 Thioredoxin domain-containing protein [Posttranslational modification, protein turnover, chaperones]
Probab=95.33 E-value=0.058 Score=32.92 Aligned_cols=76 Identities=14% Similarity=0.297 Sum_probs=54.6
Q ss_pred HHHHHHHHHHHHHCCEEEEECCCCCCCCCCHHHHHHHHHHHCC------CCEEEEECCCCHHHHHHHHHHHCCCCCCEE-
Q ss_conf 6899999999644897999448999899831799999999749------965899711440379999997347877638-
Q gi|254780968|r 3 SSVNSIIQNEIKKNDVVLFMKGTPTSPRCGFSGKVVQVLDSLG------VSYKGIDVLADDALRQSIKEYSNWPTIPQL- 75 (106)
Q Consensus 3 ~~~~~~i~~~i~~~~Vvifskgt~~~p~C~~c~~ak~lL~~~~------i~y~~~dv~~d~~~~~~l~~~sg~~TvPqI- 75 (106)
T Consensus 31 anfe~~V~~~S~~~PVlV~f----Wap~~~~c~qL~p~Lekla~~~~G~f~LakvN~D~~p~vAa----qfgiqsIPtV~ 102 (304)
T COG3118 31 ANFEQEVIQSSREVPVLVDF----WAPWCGPCKQLTPTLEKLAAEYKGKFKLAKVNCDAEPMVAA----QFGVQSIPTVY 102 (304)
T ss_pred HHHHHHHHHHCCCCCEEEEE----CCCCCCHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHCCCEEEEEECCCCCHHHHH----HHCCCCCCEEE
T ss_conf 66899999974678769985----18877068999899999999858925999846873650898----82867677578
Q ss_pred -EECCEEECCHH
Q ss_conf -98998942769
Q gi|254780968|r 76 -YVKGDFIGGCD 86 (106)
Q Consensus 76 -Fv~G~~IGG~d 86 (106)
T Consensus 103 af~dGqpVdgF~ 114 (304)
T COG3118 103 AFKDGQPVDGFQ 114 (304)
T ss_pred EEECCCCCCCCC
T ss_conf 853786710137
>cd03051 GST_N_GTT2_like GST_N family, Saccharomyces cerevisiae GTT2-like subfamily; composed of predominantly uncharacterized proteins with similarity to the S
cerevisiae GST protein, GTT2. GSTs are cytosolic dimeric proteins involved in cellular detoxification by catalyzing the conjugation of glutathione (GSH) with a wide range of endogenous and xenobiotic alkylating agents, including carcinogens, therapeutic drugs, environmental toxins and products of oxidative stress. GSTs also show GSH peroxidase activity and are involved in the synthesis of prostaglandins and leukotrienes. The GST fold contains an N-terminal TRX-fold domain and a C-terminal alpha helical domain, with an active site located in a cleft between the two domains. GTT2, a homodimer, exhibits GST activity with standard substrates. Strains with deleted GTT2 genes are viable but exhibit increased sensitivity to heat shock.
>cd03045 GST_N_Delta_Epsilon GST_N family, Class Delta and Epsilon subfamily; GSTs are cytosolic dimeric proteins involved in cellular detoxification by catalyzing the conjugation of glutathione (GSH) with a wide range of endogenous and xenobiotic alkylating agents, including carcinogens, therapeutic drugs, environmental toxins and products of oxidative stress
GSTs also show GSH peroxidase activity and are involved in the synthesis of prostaglandins and leukotrienes. The GST fold contains an N-terminal TRX-fold domain and a C-terminal alpha helical domain, with an active site located in a cleft between the two domains. The class Delta and Epsilon subfamily is made up primarily of insect GSTs, which play major roles in insecticide resistance by facilitating reductive dehydrochlorination of insecticides or conjugating them with GSH to produce water-soluble metabolites that are easily excreted. They are also implicated in protection against cellular damage by oxidative stress.
>cd03003 PDI_a_ERdj5_N PDIa family, N-terminal ERdj5 subfamily; ERdj5, also known as JPDI and macrothioredoxin, is a protein containing an N-terminal DnaJ domain and four redox active TRX domains
Probab=94.95 E-value=0.041 Score=33.79 Aligned_cols=66 Identities=17% Similarity=0.364 Sum_probs=39.2
Q ss_pred HHHHHHHCCE--EEEECCCCCCCCCCHHHHHHHHHHHC------CCCEEEEECCCCHHHHHHHHHHHCCCCCCEEEECCE
Q ss_conf 9999644897--99944899989983179999999974------996589971144037999999734787763898998
Q gi|254780968|r 9 IQNEIKKNDV--VLFMKGTPTSPRCGFSGKVVQVLDSL------GVSYKGIDVLADDALRQSIKEYSNWPTIPQLYVKGD 80 (106)
Q Consensus 9 i~~~i~~~~V--vifskgt~~~p~C~~c~~ak~lL~~~------~i~y~~~dv~~d~~~~~~l~~~sg~~TvPqIFv~G~ 80 (106)
T Consensus 11 F~~~v~~~~~~~V~F-----yApWC~hCk~l~P~~~~~a~~~~~~v~ia~vdc~~~~~lc~~~-~V~~yPTl-~~f~~G~ 83 (101)
T cd03003 11 FDAAVNSGEIWFVNF-----YSPRCSHCHDLAPTWREFAKEMDGVIRIGAVNCGDDRMLCRSQ-GVNSYPSL-YVFPSGM 83 (101)
T ss_pred HHHHHHCCCEEEEEE-----ECCCCHHHHHHCHHHHHHHHHHCCCEEEEEEECCCCHHHHCCC-EEEECCEE-EEECCCC
T ss_conf 899983698299999-----6885888886468999999983696699998525693340134-56762489-9980997
Q ss_pred E
Q ss_conf 9
Q gi|254780968|r 81 F 81 (106)
Q Consensus 81 ~ 81 (106)
T Consensus 84 ~ 84 (101)
T cd03003 84 N 84 (101)
T ss_pred E
T ss_conf 0
This subfamily is comprised of the first TRX domain of ERdj5 located after the DnaJ domain at the N-terminal half of the protein. ERdj5 is a ubiquitous protein localized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and is abundant in secretory cells. It's transcription is induced during ER stress. It interacts with BiP through its DnaJ domain in an ATP-dependent manner. BiP, an ER-resident member of the Hsp70 chaperone family, functions in ER-associated degradation and protein translocation.
>cd02951 SoxW SoxW family; SoxW is a bacterial periplasmic TRX, containing a redox active CXXC motif, encoded by a genetic locus (sox operon) involved in thiosulfate oxidation
Probab=94.83 E-value=0.18 Score=30.11 Aligned_cols=73 Identities=12% Similarity=0.290 Sum_probs=39.1
Q ss_pred HHHHHHHHHHC--CEEEEECCCCCCCCCCHHHHHHHHH-HH------CCCCEE--EEECCCCHHH---------HHHHHH
Q ss_conf 99999996448--9799944899989983179999999-97------499658--9971144037---------999999
Q gi|254780968|r 6 NSIIQNEIKKN--DVVLFMKGTPTSPRCGFSGKVVQVL-DS------LGVSYK--GIDVLADDAL---------RQSIKE 65 (106)
Q Consensus 6 ~~~i~~~i~~~--~Vvifskgt~~~p~C~~c~~ak~lL-~~------~~i~y~--~~dv~~d~~~---------~~~l~~ 65 (106)
T Consensus 3 ~e~l~~A~~~~~Kpvlv~f~----~~~C~~C~~m~~~~~~~~~v~~~l~~~f~~v~vd~~~~~~~~~f~g~~~~~~~la~ 78 (125)
T cd02951 3 YEDLAEAAADGKKPLLLLFS----QPGCPYCDKLKRDYLNDPAVQAYIRAHFVVVYINIDGDKEVTDFDGEALSEKELAR 78 (125)
T ss_pred HHHHHHHHHCCCCEEEEEEE----CCCCHHHHHHHHHHCCCHHHHHHHHCCCEEEEEECCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCHHHHHH
T ss_conf 89999998638984999997----89897089999984399999999961814788761567530034556443999999
Q ss_pred HHCCCCCCEEE-E--C-CEEE
Q ss_conf 73478776389-8--9-9894
Q gi|254780968|r 66 YSNWPTIPQLY-V--K-GDFI 82 (106)
Q Consensus 66 ~sg~~TvPqIF-v--~-G~~I 82 (106)
T Consensus 79 ~~~v~~tPT~~fld~~gg~~i 99 (125)
T cd02951 79 KYRVRFTPTVIFLDPEGGKEI 99 (125)
T ss_pred HCCCCCCCEEEEECCCCCEEE
T ss_conf 869876777999869998677
Sulfur bacteria oxidize sulfur compounds to provide reducing equivalents for carbon dioxide fixation during autotrophic growth and the respiratory electron transport chain. It is unclear what the role of SoxW is, since it has been found to be dispensable in the oxidation of thiosulfate to sulfate. SoxW is specifically kept in the reduced state by SoxV, which is essential in thiosulfate oxidation.
GSTs are cytosolic dimeric proteins involved in cellular detoxification by catalyzing the conjugation of glutathione (GSH) with a wide range of endogenous and xenobiotic alkylating agents, including carcinogens, therapeutic drugs, environmental toxins and products of oxidative stress. GSTs also show GSH peroxidase activity and are involved in the synthesis of prostaglandins and leukotrienes. The GST fold contains an N-terminal TRX-fold domain and a C-terminal alpha helical domain, with an active site located in a cleft between the two domains.
>cd03050 GST_N_Theta GST_N family, Class Theta subfamily; composed of eukaryotic class Theta GSTs and bacterial dichloromethane (DCM) dehalogenase
GSTs are cytosolic dimeric proteins involved in cellular detoxification by catalyzing the conjugation of glutathione (GSH) with a wide range of endogenous and xenobiotic alkylating agents, including carcinogens, therapeutic drugs, environmental toxins and products of oxidative stress. The GST fold contains an N-terminal TRX-fold domain and a C-terminal alpha helical domain, with an active site located in a cleft between the two domains. Mammalian class Theta GSTs show poor GSH conjugating activity towards the standard substrates, CDNB and ethacrynic acid, differentiating them from other mammalian GSTs. GSTT1-1 shows similar cataytic activity as bacterial DCM dehalogenase, catalyzing the GSH-dependent hydrolytic dehalogenation of dihalomethanes. This is an essential process in methylotrophic bacteria to enable them to use chloromethane and DC
>cd02957 Phd_like Phosducin (Phd)-like family; composed of Phd and Phd-like proteins (PhLP), characterized as cytosolic regulators of G protein functions
Probab=94.20 E-value=0.17 Score=30.24 Aligned_cols=73 Identities=18% Similarity=0.336 Sum_probs=46.4
Q ss_pred HHHHHHHHHH---CCEEEEECCCCCCCCCCHHHHHHHHHHHCCCCEEEE---ECCCCHHHHHHHHHHHCCCCCCE--EEE
Q ss_conf 9999999644---897999448999899831799999999749965899---71144037999999734787763--898
Q gi|254780968|r 6 NSIIQNEIKK---NDVVLFMKGTPTSPRCGFSGKVVQVLDSLGVSYKGI---DVLADDALRQSIKEYSNWPTIPQ--LYV 77 (106)
Q Consensus 6 ~~~i~~~i~~---~~Vvifskgt~~~p~C~~c~~ak~lL~~~~i~y~~~---dv~~d~~~~~~l~~~sg~~TvPq--IFv 77 (106)
T Consensus 12 ~~f~~~V~~~s~~~~VvV~f----~~~~~~~C~~l~~~l~~lA~~~~~vkF~ki~~~~---~~i~~~~~i~~lPt~l~yk 84 (113)
T cd02957 12 KEFLEEVTKASKGTRVVVHF----YEPGFPRCKILDSHLEELAAKYPETKFVKINAEK---AFLVNYLDIKVLPTLLVYK 84 (113)
T ss_pred HHHHHHHHHCCCCCEEEEEE----ECCCCCCHHHHHHHHHHHHHCCCCEEEEEEECCC---HHHHHHCCCCCCCEEEEEE
T ss_conf 89999998368997799999----7899944789989999986328961999997572---8889876987266899999
Q ss_pred CCEEECCH
Q ss_conf 99894276
Q gi|254780968|r 78 KGDFIGGC 85 (106)
Q Consensus 78 ~G~~IGG~ 85 (106)
T Consensus 85 ~G~~v~~l 92 (113)
T cd02957 85 NGELIDNI 92 (113)
T ss_pred CCEEEEEE
T ss_conf 99998999
Phd and PhLPs specifically bind G protein betagamma (Gbg)-subunits with high affinity, resulting in the solubilization of Gbg from the plasma membrane and impeding G protein-mediated signal transduction by inhibiting the formation of a functional G protein trimer (G protein alphabetagamma). Phd also inhibits the GTPase activity of G protein alpha. Phd can be phosphorylated by protein kinase A and G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2, leading to its inactivation. Phd was originally isolated from the retina, where it is highly expressed and has been implicated to play an important role in light adaptation. It is also found in the pineal gland, liver, spleen, striated muscle and the brain. The C-terminal domain of Phd adopts a thioredoxin fold, but it does not contain a CXXC motif. Phd interacts with G protein beta mostly through the N-te
>COG4545 Glutaredoxin-related protein [Posttranslational modification, protein turnover, chaperones]
>cd03020 DsbA_DsbC_DsbG DsbA family, DsbC and DsbG subfamily; V-shaped homodimeric proteins containing a redox active CXXC motif imbedded in a TRX fold
Probab=93.90 E-value=0.059 Score=32.85 Aligned_cols=67 Identities=18% Similarity=0.312 Sum_probs=39.3
Q ss_pred CCEEEEECCCCCCCCCCHHHHHHHHHHH--CCCCEEEEE--CCCCHH----H---------HH-----------------
Q ss_conf 8979994489998998317999999997--499658997--114403----7---------99-----------------
Q gi|254780968|r 16 NDVVLFMKGTPTSPRCGFSGKVVQVLDS--LGVSYKGID--VLADDA----L---------RQ----------------- 61 (106)
Q Consensus 16 ~~Vvifskgt~~~p~C~~c~~ak~lL~~--~~i~y~~~d--v~~d~~----~---------~~----------------- 61 (106)
T Consensus 79 ~~i~vFt-----Dp~CpyC~kl~~~l~~~~~~i~v~~~~~P~~g~~~s~~~~~~i~Ca~d~~~a~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 153 (197)
T cd03020 79 RVVYVFT-----DPDCPYCRKLEKELKPNADGVTVRIFPVPILGLPDSTAKAAAIWCAKDRAKAWTDAMSGGKVPPPAAS 153 (197)
T ss_pred EEEEEEE-----CCCCHHHHHHHHHHHHHCCCEEEEEEEEECCCCCCHHHHHHHHHHCCCHHHHHHHHHHCCCCCCCCCC
T ss_conf 7999997-----98987899999998854588499999821577851699999998068999999999857998896443
Q ss_pred ---------HHHHHHCCCCCCEEEE-CCEEECCHHH
Q ss_conf ---------9999734787763898-9989427699
Q gi|254780968|r 62 ---------SIKEYSNWPTIPQLYV-KGDFIGGCDI 87 (106)
Q Consensus 62 ---------~l~~~sg~~TvPqIFv-~G~~IGG~d~ 87 (106)
T Consensus 154 c~~~v~~~~~l~~~lGi~GTPtiv~~dG~~v~G~~~ 189 (197)
T cd03020 154 CDNPVAANLALGRQLGVNGTPTIVLADGRVVPGAPP 189 (197)
T ss_pred CCCHHHHHHHHHHHHCCCCCCEEEECCCCCCCCCCC
T ss_conf 464999999999982998477799689979779899
They function as protein disulfide isomerases and chaperones in the bacterial periplasm to correct non-native disulfide bonds formed by DsbA and prevent aggregation of incorrectly folded proteins. DsbC and DsbG are kept in their reduced state by the cytoplasmic membrane protein DsbD, which utilizes the TRX/TRX reductase system in the cytosol as a source of reducing equivalents. DsbG differ from DsbC in that it has a more limited substrate specificity, and it may preferentially act later in the folding process to catalyze disulfide rearrangements in folded or partially folded proteins. Also included in the alignment is the predicted protein TrbB, whose gene was sequenced from the enterohemorrhagic E. coli type IV pilus gene cluster, which is required for efficient plasmid transfer.
>cd03043 GST_N_1 GST_N family, unknown subfamily 1; composed of uncharacterized proteins, predominantly from bacteria, with similarity to GSTs
GSTs are cytosolic dimeric proteins involved in cellular detoxification by catalyzing the conjugation of glutathione (GSH) with a wide range of endogenous and xenobiotic alkylating agents, including carcinogens, therapeutic drugs, environmental toxins and products of oxidative stress. GSTs also show GSH peroxidase activity and are involved in the synthesis of prostaglandins and leukotrienes. The GST fold contains an N-terminal TRX-fold domain and a C-terminal alpha helical domain, with an active site located in a cleft between the two domains.
Probab=92.55 E-value=1 Score=25.70 Aligned_cols=74 Identities=18% Similarity=0.294 Sum_probs=55.0
Q ss_pred HHHHHHHHHH---CCEEEEECCCCCCCCCCHHHHHHHHHHHC------CCCEEEEECCCCHHHHHHHHHHHCCC-CCCEE
Q ss_conf 9999999644---89799944899989983179999999974------99658997114403799999973478-77638
Q gi|254780968|r 6 NSIIQNEIKK---NDVVLFMKGTPTSPRCGFSGKVVQVLDSL------GVSYKGIDVLADDALRQSIKEYSNWP-TIPQL 75 (106)
Q Consensus 6 ~~~i~~~i~~---~~Vvifskgt~~~p~C~~c~~ak~lL~~~------~i~y~~~dv~~d~~~~~~l~~~sg~~-TvPqI 75 (106)
T Consensus 6 ~~ql~~i~~~S~~~pv~ifKHSt----~C~IS~~a~~~~e~~~~~~~~~~~~y~ldv~~~R~vSn~IAe~~~V~HESPQ~ 81 (104)
T pfam11009 6 EEQLDEIIEESKEKPVLIFKHST----TCPISRMALKQFEAFAEEDEEDLPVYYLDVQEYRDVSNEIAEKFGVKHESPQV 81 (104)
T ss_pred HHHHHHHHHHCCCCCEEEEECCC----CCCCHHHHHHHHHHHHHCCCCCCCEEEEEEEECCHHHHHHHHHHCCCCCCCCE
T ss_conf 99999999966898289994399----87210999999998862552348879999641855789999995996689818
Q ss_pred E--ECCEEEC
Q ss_conf 9--8998942
Q gi|254780968|r 76 Y--VKGDFIG 83 (106)
Q Consensus 76 F--v~G~~IG 83 (106)
T Consensus 82 ivi~~G~~v~ 91 (104)
T pfam11009 82 IVIKNGEVVW 91 (104)
T ss_pred EEEECCEEEE
T ss_conf 9998997999
Some members in this bacterial family of proteins with unknown function are annotated as YtxJ, a putative general stress protein. This cannot be confirmed.
>cd03047 GST_N_2 GST_N family, unknown subfamily 2; composed of uncharacterized bacterial proteins with similarity to GSTs
GSTs are cytosolic dimeric proteins involved in cellular detoxification by catalyzing the conjugation of glutathione (GSH) with a wide range of endogenous and xenobiotic alkylating agents, including carcinogens, therapeutic drugs, environmental toxins and products of oxidative stress. GSTs also show GSH peroxidase activity and are involved in the synthesis of prostaglandins and leukotrienes. The GST fold contains an N-terminal TRX-fold domain and a C-terminal alpha helical domain, with an active site located in a cleft between the two domains. The sequence from Burkholderia cepacia was identified as part of a gene cluster involved in the degradation of 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid. Some GSTs (e.g. Class Zeta and Delta) are known to catalyze dechlorination reactions.
Function: conjugation of reduced glutathione to a variety of targets. Also included in the alignment, but are not GSTs: * S-crystallins from squid. Similarity to GST previously noted. * Eukaryotic elongation factors 1-gamma. Not known to have GST activity; similarity not previously recognized. * HSP26 family of stress-related proteins. including auxin-regulated proteins in plants and stringent starvation proteins in E. coli. Not known to have GST activity. Similarity not previously recognized. The glutathione molecule binds in a cleft between N and C-terminal domains - the catalytically important residues are proposed to reside in the N-terminal domain.
>TIGR02495 NrdG2 anaerobic ribonucleoside-triphosphate reductase activating protein; InterPro: IPR012840 This enzyme is a member of the radical-SAM family
Probab=92.09 E-value=0.081 Score=32.06 Aligned_cols=67 Identities=18% Similarity=0.420 Sum_probs=39.7
Q ss_pred EEEEECCCCCCC-CCCHHHHHHHHHHHCCCCEEEEECCCCHHHHHHHHHHHCCCCCCEEEECCEEECCHHHHHHHHHCCC
Q ss_conf 799944899989-9831799999999749965899711440379999997347877638989989427699999998899
Q gi|254780968|r 18 VVLFMKGTPTSP-RCGFSGKVVQVLDSLGVSYKGIDVLADDALRQSIKEYSNWPTIPQLYVKGDFIGGCDIVCEMFESGE 96 (106)
Q Consensus 18 Vvifskgt~~~p-~C~~c~~ak~lL~~~~i~y~~~dv~~d~~~~~~l~~~sg~~TvPqIFv~G~~IGG~d~l~~l~~~G~ 96 (106)
T Consensus 19 ~~iF~~G---Cn~~CpyCHN~~~~~~~~~~-----~~~~~e~~~~~L~~R~~-------ll~gVVitGGE---ptlQ~~e 80 (220)
T TIGR02495 19 FTIFFQG---CNLKCPYCHNSELLIPRKGS-----GEIELEELLEFLRRRQG-------LLDGVVITGGE---PTLQAGE 80 (220)
T ss_pred EEEEECC---CCCCCCCCCCCCCHHHHCCC-----CCCCHHHHHHHHHHCCC-------CEEEEEEECCC---HHHHHHH
T ss_conf 8887027---88998788887640020057-----61027779999873134-------21057872875---3236777
Q ss_pred HHHHHH
Q ss_conf 789985
Q gi|254780968|r 97 LHEILS 102 (106)
Q Consensus 97 L~~ll~ 102 (106)
T Consensus 81 L~d~~~ 86 (220)
T TIGR02495 81 LGDFLR 86 (220)
T ss_pred HHHHHH
T ss_conf 899999
It is often gene clustered with the class III (anaerobic) ribonucleotide triphosphate reductase (NrdD, IPR009161 from INTERPRO) and presumably fulfils the identical function as NrdG , , which utilises S-adenosyl methionine, an iron-sulphur cluster and a reductant (dihydroflavodoxin) to produce a glycine-centred radical in NrdD..
>COG3019 Predicted metal-binding protein [General function prediction only]
>cd02972 DsbA_family DsbA family; consists of DsbA and DsbA-like proteins, including DsbC, DsbG, glutathione (GSH) S-transferase kappa (GSTK), 2-hydroxychromene-2-carboxylate (HCCA) isomerase, an oxidoreductase (FrnE) presumed to be involved in frenolicin biosynthesis, a 27-kDa outer membrane protein, and similar proteins
Probab=90.17 E-value=1.4 Score=24.86 Aligned_cols=61 Identities=21% Similarity=0.342 Sum_probs=35.4
Q ss_pred EEEEECCCCCCCCCCHHHHHHHHHHHC------CCCEEEEECC--CC----HH--HH---------------H-----HH
Q ss_conf 799944899989983179999999974------9965899711--44----03--79---------------9-----99
Q gi|254780968|r 18 VVLFMKGTPTSPRCGFSGKVVQVLDSL------GVSYKGIDVL--AD----DA--LR---------------Q-----SI 63 (106)
Q Consensus 18 Vvifskgt~~~p~C~~c~~ak~lL~~~------~i~y~~~dv~--~d----~~--~~---------------~-----~l 63 (106)
T Consensus 1 i~~f~-----D~~Cp~C~~~~~~l~~~~~~~~~~v~v~~~~~~l~~~~~~~~~~~a~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~l~~~~~ 75 (98)
T cd02972 1 IVEFF-----DPLCPYCYLFEPELEKLLYADDGGVRVVYRPFPLLGGMPPNSLAAARAALAAAAQGKFEALHEALADTAL 75 (98)
T ss_pred CEEEE-----CCCCHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHCCCCEEEEEEECCCCCCCCCHHHHHHHHHHHHHCCCCHHHHHHHHHHHHH
T ss_conf 97998-----9998708989999999998658867999984774776670389999999998765829999999983899
Q ss_pred HHHHCCCCCCEEEECC-EEEC
Q ss_conf 9973478776389899-8942
Q gi|254780968|r 64 KEYSNWPTIPQLYVKG-DFIG 83 (106)
Q Consensus 64 ~~~sg~~TvPqIFv~G-~~IG 83 (106)
T Consensus 76 ~~~~gi~gtPt~vv~~~~~~~ 96 (98)
T cd02972 76 ARALGVTGTPTFVVNGEKYSG 96 (98)
T ss_pred HHHCCCCCCCEEEECCEECCC
T ss_conf 998198889848899998179
Members of this family contain a redox active CXXC motif (except GSTK and HCCA isomerase) imbedded in a TRX fold, and an alpha helical insert of about 75 residues (shorter in DsbC and DsbG) relative to TRX. DsbA is involved in the oxidative protein folding pathway in prokaryotes, catalyzing disulfide bond formation of proteins secreted into the bacterial periplasm. DsbC and DsbG function as protein disulfide isomerases and chaperones to correct non-native disulfide bonds formed by DsbA and prevent aggregation of incorrectly folded proteins.
>cd03037 GST_N_GRX2 GST_N family, Glutaredoxin 2 (GRX2) subfamily; composed of bacterial proteins similar to E
coli GRX2, an atypical GRX with a molecular mass of about 24kD, compared with other GRXs which are 9-12kD in size. GRX2 adopts a GST fold containing an N-terminal thioredoxin-fold domain and a C-terminal alpha helical domain. It contains a redox active CXXC motif located in the N-terminal domain but is not able to reduce ribonucleotide reductase like other GRXs. However, it catalyzes GSH-dependent protein disulfide reduction of other substrates efficiently. GRX2 is thought to function primarily in catalyzing the reversible glutathionylation of proteins in cellular redox regulation including stress responses.
>TIGR02182 GRXB Glutaredoxin, GrxB family; InterPro: IPR011901 Glutaredoxins , , , also known as thioltransferases (disulphide reductases, are small proteins of approximately one hundred amino-acid residues which utilise glutathione and NADPH as cofactors
Oxidized glutathione is regenerated by glutathione reductase. Together these components compose the glutathione system . Glutaredoxin functions as an electron carrier in the glutathione-dependent synthesis of deoxyribonucleotides by the enzyme ribonucleotide reductase. Like thioredoxin, which functions in a similar way, glutaredoxin possesses an active centre disulphide bond . It exists in either a reduced or an oxidized form where the two cysteine residues are linked in an intramolecular disulphide bond. Glutaredoxin has been sequenced in a variety of species. On the basis of extensive sequence similarity, it has been proposed that Vaccinia virus protein O2L is most probably a glutaredoxin. Finally, it must be noted that Bacteriophage T4 thioredoxin seems also to be evolutionary related. In position 5 of the pattern T4 thioredoxin has Val instead of Pro. This family includes the highly abundant Escherichia coli GrxB (Grx2) glutaredoxin which is notably longer than either GrxA or GrxC. Unlike the other two E. coli glutaredoxins, GrxB appears to be unable to reduce ribonucleotide reductase , and may have more to do with resistance to redox stress .; GO: 0009055 electron carrier activity, 0015035 protein disulfide oxidoreductase activity.
>TIGR01130 ER_PDI_fam protein disulfide isomerases; InterPro: IPR005792 This family represents eukaryotic protein disulphide isomerases retained in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and other closely related forms
Probab=95.86 E-value=0.035 Score=34.16 Aligned_cols=66 Identities=27% Similarity=0.448 Sum_probs=46.3
Q ss_pred HHHHHHHCCEEEEECCCCCCCCCCHHH-------HHHHHHHHCCCCEEEEECCCCHHHHHHHHHH---HCCCCCCEEEEC
Q ss_conf 999964489799944899989983179-------9999999749965899711440379999997---347877638989
Q gi|254780968|r 9 IQNEIKKNDVVLFMKGTPTSPRCGFSG-------KVVQVLDSLGVSYKGIDVLADDALRQSIKEY---SNWPTIPQLYVK 78 (106)
Q Consensus 9 i~~~i~~~~Vvifskgt~~~p~C~~c~-------~ak~lL~~~~i~y~~~dv~~d~~~~~~l~~~---sg~~TvPqIFv~ 78 (106)
T Consensus 11 F~d~i~~~~~vLVe---FYAPWCGHCK~LAPEY~~AA~~L~~~~p~i~LAKVDaT~e--~~La~kygV~GYPTL-KiFr~ 84 (522)
T TIGR01130 11 FDDFIKSNEFVLVE---FYAPWCGHCKSLAPEYEKAATELKKKGPPIKLAKVDATEE--KDLAQKYGVSGYPTL-KIFRN 84 (522)
T ss_pred HHHHHHCCCEEEEE---ECCCCCCHHCCCCHHHHHHHHHHHHCCCCEEEEEEECCCH--HHHHHHCCCCCCCCC-CEEEC
T ss_conf 68776419858999---5288344110534368999999985589804888407610--322502576645430-15865
Q ss_pred CE
Q ss_conf 98
Q gi|254780968|r 79 GD 80 (106)
Q Consensus 79 G~ 80 (106)
T Consensus 85 G~ 86 (522)
T TIGR01130 85 GK 86 (522)
T ss_pred CC
T ss_conf 87
Some members have been assigned alternative or additional functions such as prolyl 4-hydroxylase and dolichyl-diphosphooligosaccharide-protein glycotransferase. Members of this family have at least two protein-disulphide domains, each similar to thioredoxin but with the redox-active disulphide in the motif PWCGHCK, and an ER retention signal at the extreme C-terminus (KDEL, HDEL, and similar motifs). ; GO: 0016853 isomerase activity, 0005783 endoplasmic reticulum.
>cd02993 PDI_a_APS_reductase PDIa family, 5'-Adenylylsulfate (APS) reductase subfamily; composed of plant-type APS reductases containing a C-terminal redox active TRX domain and an N-terminal reductase domain which is part of a superfamily that includes N type ATP PPases
APS reductase catalyzes the reduction of activated sulfate to sulfite, a key step in the biosynthesis of sulfur-containing metabolites. Sulfate is first activated by ATP sulfurylase, forming APS, which can be phosphorylated to 3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate (PAPS). Depending on the organism, either APS or PAPS can be used for sulfate reduction. Prokaryotes and fungi use PAPS, whereas plants use both APS and PAPS. Since plant-type APS reductase uses glutathione (GSH) as its electron donor, the C-terminal domain may function like glutaredoxin, a GSH-dependent member of the TRX superfamily. The flow of reducing equivalents goes from GSH - C-terminal TRX domain - N-terminal reductase domain - APS. Plant-type APS red
>cd03080 GST_N_Metaxin_like GST_N family, Metaxin subfamily, Metaxin-like proteins; a heterogenous group of proteins, predominantly uncharacterized, with similarity to metaxins and GSTs
Metaxin 1 is a component of a preprotein import complex of the mitochondrial outer membrane. It extends to the cytosol and is anchored to the mitochondrial membrane through its C-terminal domain. In mice, metaxin is required for embryonic development. In humans, alterations in the metaxin gene may be associated with Gaucher disease. One characterized member of this subgroup is a novel GST from Rhodococcus with toluene o-monooxygenase and gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase activities. Also members are the cadmium-inducible lysosomal protein CDR-1 and its homologs from C. elegans, and the failed axon connections (fax) protein from Drosophila. CDR-1 is an integral membrane protein that functions to protect against cadmium toxicity and may also have a role in osmoregulation to maintain salt balance in C. ele
>cd02961 PDI_a_family Protein Disulfide Isomerase (PDIa) family, redox active TRX domains; composed of eukaryotic proteins involved in oxidative protein folding in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) by acting as catalysts and folding assistants
Probab=95.36 E-value=0.031 Score=34.49 Aligned_cols=64 Identities=17% Similarity=0.287 Sum_probs=39.2
Q ss_pred HHHHHHHHCC-EEEEECCCCCCCCCCHHHHHHHHHHHC--------CCCEEEEECCCCHHHHHHHHHHHCCCCCCEEE--
Q ss_conf 9999964489-799944899989983179999999974--------99658997114403799999973478776389--
Q gi|254780968|r 8 IIQNEIKKND-VVLFMKGTPTSPRCGFSGKVVQVLDSL--------GVSYKGIDVLADDALRQSIKEYSNWPTIPQLY-- 76 (106)
Q Consensus 8 ~i~~~i~~~~-Vvifskgt~~~p~C~~c~~ak~lL~~~--------~i~y~~~dv~~d~~~~~~l~~~sg~~TvPqIF-- 76 (106)
T Consensus 7 ~f~~~v~~~~~~lV~F----ya~wC~~C~~~~p~~~~~a~~~~~~~~~~~~~vd~~~~~~----~~~~~~i~~~Pti~~f 78 (101)
T cd02961 7 NFDELVKDSKDVLVEF----YAPWCGHCKALAPEYEKLAKELKGDGKVVVAKVDCTANND----LCSEYGVRGYPTIKLF 78 (101)
T ss_pred HHHHHHHCCCCEEEEE----ECCCCCCCHHHCHHHHHHHHHHCCCCCEEEEEEECCCCHH----HCCCCCEEEECEEEEE
T ss_conf 9999995399899999----8899804033267789999985148978999998755342----2226773682879999
Q ss_pred ECC
Q ss_conf 899
Q gi|254780968|r 77 VKG 79 (106)
Q Consensus 77 v~G 79 (106)
T Consensus 79 ~~~ 81 (101)
T cd02961 79 PNG 81 (101)
T ss_pred ECC
T ss_conf 899
Members of this family include PDI and PDI-related proteins like ERp72, ERp57 (or ERp60), ERp44, P5, PDIR, ERp46 and the transmembrane PDIs. PDI, ERp57, ERp72, P5, PDIR and ERp46 are all oxidases, catalyzing the formation of disulfide bonds of newly synthesized polypeptides in the ER. They also exhibit reductase activity in acting as isomerases to correct any non-native disulfide bonds, as well as chaperone activity to prevent protein aggregation and facilitate the folding of newly synthesized proteins. These proteins usually contain multiple copies of a redox active TRX (a) domain containing a CXXC motif, and may also contain one or more redox inactive TRX-like (b) domains. Only one a domain is required for the oxidase function but multiple copies
>cd02953 DsbDgamma DsbD gamma family; DsbD gamma is the C-terminal periplasmic domain of the bacterial protein DsbD
Probab=95.35 E-value=0.093 Score=31.72 Aligned_cols=68 Identities=13% Similarity=0.115 Sum_probs=38.3
Q ss_pred HHHHHHHHHCC-EEEEECCCCCCCCCCHHHHHHHHH-------HHC--CCCEEEEECCCCHHHHHHHHHHHCCCCCCEE-
Q ss_conf 99999964489-799944899989983179999999-------974--9965899711440379999997347877638-
Q gi|254780968|r 7 SIIQNEIKKND-VVLFMKGTPTSPRCGFSGKVVQVL-------DSL--GVSYKGIDVLADDALRQSIKEYSNWPTIPQL- 75 (106)
Q Consensus 7 ~~i~~~i~~~~-Vvifskgt~~~p~C~~c~~ak~lL-------~~~--~i~y~~~dv~~d~~~~~~l~~~sg~~TvPqI- 75 (106)
T Consensus 2 ~al~~a~~~gKpVlvdf----~A~WC~~Ck~m~~~~~~~~~v~~~~~~~~v~vkvD~t~~~~~~~~l~~~~~v~g~Pt~~ 77 (104)
T cd02953 2 AALAQALAQGKPVFVDF----TADWCVTCKVNEKVVFSDPEVQAALKKDVVLLRADWTKNDPEITALLKRFGVFGPPTYL 77 (104)
T ss_pred HHHHHHHHCCCCEEEEE----ECCCCHHHHHHHHHCCCCHHHHHHHHCCCCEEECCCCCCCHHHHHHHHHCCCCCCCEEE
T ss_conf 78999998299199999----86758888851142048899999972477357636778998999999983995567799
Q ss_pred EEC
Q ss_conf 989
Q gi|254780968|r 76 YVK 78 (106)
Q Consensus 76 Fv~ 78 (106)
T Consensus 78 f~~ 80 (104)
T cd02953 78 FYG 80 (104)
T ss_pred EEC
T ss_conf 987
It contains a CXXC motif in a TRX fold and shuttles the reducing potential from the membrane domain (DsbD beta) to the N-terminal periplasmic domain (DsbD alpha). DsbD beta, a transmembrane domain comprising of eight helices, acquires its reducing potential from the cytoplasmic thioredoxin. DsbD alpha transfers the acquired reducing potential from DsbD gamma to target proteins such as the periplasmic protein disulphide isomerases, DsbC and DsbG. This flow of reducing potential from the cytoplasm through DsbD allows DsbC and DsbG to act as isomerases in the oxidizing environment of the bacterial periplasm. DsbD also transfers reducing potential from the cytoplasm to specific reductases in the periplasm which are involved in the maturation of cytochromes.
>cd02999 PDI_a_ERp44_like PDIa family, endoplasmic reticulum protein 44 (ERp44)-like subfamily; composed of uncharacterized PDI-like eukaryotic proteins containing only one redox active TRX (a) domain with a CXXS motif, similar to ERp44
CXXS is still a redox active motif; however, the mixed disulfide formed with the substrate is more stable than those formed by CXXC motif proteins. PDI-related proteins are usually involved in the oxidative protein folding in the ER by acting as catalysts and folding assistants. ERp44 is involved in thiol-mediated retention in the ER.
>cd03000 PDI_a_TMX3 PDIa family, TMX3 subfamily; composed of eukaryotic proteins similar to human TMX3, a TRX related transmembrane protein containing one redox active TRX domain at the N-terminus and a classical ER retrieval sequence for type I transmembrane proteins at the C-terminus
Probab=95.01 E-value=0.019 Score=35.77 Aligned_cols=62 Identities=21% Similarity=0.246 Sum_probs=32.6
Q ss_pred HHHHHHCCEE-EEECCCCCCCCCCHHHHHHHHHHHC-------C--CCEEEEECCCCHHHHHHHHHHHCCCCCCEEE--E
Q ss_conf 9996448979-9944899989983179999999974-------9--9658997114403799999973478776389--8
Q gi|254780968|r 10 QNEIKKNDVV-LFMKGTPTSPRCGFSGKVVQVLDSL-------G--VSYKGIDVLADDALRQSIKEYSNWPTIPQLY--V 77 (106)
Q Consensus 10 ~~~i~~~~Vv-ifskgt~~~p~C~~c~~ak~lL~~~-------~--i~y~~~dv~~d~~~~~~l~~~sg~~TvPqIF--v 77 (106)
T Consensus 10 ~~~~~~~~~lV~F-----yapWC~~Ck~~~P~w~~~a~~~~~~~~~v~v~~vd~~~~~~----~~~~~~I~~~PTi~~f~ 80 (104)
T cd03000 10 KDVRKEDIWLVDF-----YAPWCGHCKKLEPVWNEVGAELKSSGSPVRVGKLDATAYSS----IASEFGVRGYPTIKLLK 80 (104)
T ss_pred HHHHCCCEEEEEE-----ECCCCHHHHHCCHHHHHHHHHHHHHCCCEEEECCCCHHCHH----HHHHCCCCCCCEEEEEE
T ss_conf 7884699299999-----89989879823189999999987518864562046203566----79776984468899997
Q ss_pred CCE
Q ss_conf 998
Q gi|254780968|r 78 KGD 80 (106)
Q Consensus 78 ~G~ 80 (106)
T Consensus 81 ~~~ 83 (104)
T cd03000 81 GDL 83 (104)
T ss_pred CCE
T ss_conf 995
The TMX3 transcript is found in a variety of tissues with the highest levels detected in skeletal muscle and the heart. In vitro, TMX3 showed oxidase activity albeit slightly lower than that of protein disulfide isomerase.
>cd01659 TRX_superfamily Thioredoxin (TRX) superfamily; a large, diverse group of proteins containing a TRX-fold
Many members contain a classic TRX domain with a redox active CXXC motif. They function as protein disulfide oxidoreductases (PDOs), altering the redox state of target proteins via the reversible oxidation of their active site dithiol. The PDO members of this superfamily include TRX, protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), tlpA-like, glutaredoxin, NrdH redoxin, and the bacterial Dsb (DsbA, DsbC, DsbG, DsbE, DsbDgamma) protein families. Members of the superfamily that do not function as PDOs but contain a TRX-fold domain include phosducins, peroxiredoxins and glutathione (GSH) peroxidases, SCO proteins, GSH transferases (GST, N-terminal domain), arsenic reductases, TRX-like ferredoxins and calsequestrin, among others.
>cd02998 PDI_a_ERp38 PDIa family, endoplasmic reticulum protein 38 (ERp38) subfamily; composed of proteins similar to the P5-like protein first isolated from alfalfa, which contains two redox active TRX (a) domains at the N-terminus, like human P5, and a C-terminal domain with homology to the C-terminal domain of ERp29, unlike human P5
Probab=94.73 E-value=0.056 Score=32.98 Aligned_cols=65 Identities=23% Similarity=0.452 Sum_probs=37.2
Q ss_pred HHHHHHHHC--CE-EEEECCCCCCCCCCHHHHHHHHHHHCC--------CCEEEEECCCCHHHHHHHHHHHCCCCCCEE-
Q ss_conf 999996448--97-999448999899831799999999749--------965899711440379999997347877638-
Q gi|254780968|r 8 IIQNEIKKN--DV-VLFMKGTPTSPRCGFSGKVVQVLDSLG--------VSYKGIDVLADDALRQSIKEYSNWPTIPQL- 75 (106)
Q Consensus 8 ~i~~~i~~~--~V-vifskgt~~~p~C~~c~~ak~lL~~~~--------i~y~~~dv~~d~~~~~~l~~~sg~~TvPqI- 75 (106)
T Consensus 9 nF~~~v~~~~~~vlV~F-----ya~wC~~Ck~~~p~~~~la~~~~~~~~v~i~~vd~--d~-~~~~l~~~~~I~~~Pti~ 80 (105)
T cd02998 9 NFDKVVGDDKKDVLVEF-----YAPWCGHCKNLAPEYEKLAAVFANEDDVVIAKVDA--DE-ANKDLAKKYGVSGFPTLK 80 (105)
T ss_pred HHHHHHHCCCCEEEEEE-----ECCCCCCCCCCCCHHHHHHHHHHCCCCCEEEECCC--CC-CCHHHHHHCCCCCCCEEE
T ss_conf 78999860898199999-----58988887554508999999985687613761366--74-333455315777788899
Q ss_pred -EECCE
Q ss_conf -98998
Q gi|254780968|r 76 -YVKGD 80 (106)
Q Consensus 76 -Fv~G~ 80 (106)
T Consensus 81 ~f~~~~ 86 (105)
T cd02998 81 FFPKGS 86 (105)
T ss_pred EEECCC
T ss_conf 998997
The cDNA clone of this protein (named G1) was isolated from an alfalfa cDNA library by screening with human protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) cDNA. The G1 protein is constitutively expressed in all major organs of the plant and its expression is induced by treatment with tunicamycin, indicating that it may be a glucose-regulated protein. The G1 homolog in the eukaryotic social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum is also described as a P5-like protein, which is located in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) despite the absence of an ER-retrieval signal. G1 homologs from Aspergillus niger and Neurospora crassa have also been characterized, and are named TIGA and ER
>TIGR02738 TrbB type-F conjugative transfer system pilin assembly thiol-disulfide isomerase TrbB; InterPro: IPR014109 This entry includes thiol-disulphide isomerase (TrbB), a protein that is involved in conjugative transfer of plasmid DNA, specifically in the F-type system
Probab=94.44 E-value=0.042 Score=33.71 Aligned_cols=66 Identities=18% Similarity=0.418 Sum_probs=44.9
Q ss_pred HHHHHHCCEEEEECCCCCCCCCCHHHHHHHHHHHC----CCCEEEEECCCCH--H-------HHHHHHHHH--C--CC-C
Q ss_conf 99964489799944899989983179999999974----9965899711440--3-------799999973--4--78-7
Q gi|254780968|r 10 QNEIKKNDVVLFMKGTPTSPRCGFSGKVVQVLDSL----GVSYKGIDVLADD--A-------LRQSIKEYS--N--WP-T 71 (106)
Q Consensus 10 ~~~i~~~~Vvifskgt~~~p~C~~c~~ak~lL~~~----~i~y~~~dv~~d~--~-------~~~~l~~~s--g--~~-T 71 (106)
T Consensus 67 ~~~~~~~~~vfF~~S~-----CPyCh~FAP~LK~f~~~~~~~V~a~SlDG~g~~~FP~~~P~tpE~~~~~F~~~ey~~~~ 141 (176)
T TIGR02738 67 KALLDDYALVFFYQST-----CPYCHQFAPVLKRFSQQFGLSVYAFSLDGQGLAEFPDALPATPEVMQTFFPNGEYRPVV 141 (176)
T ss_pred HHHHHCCEEEEEECCC-----CCCCCCCCHHHHHHHHHCCCCEEEEEECCCCCCCCCCCCCCCHHHHHHHCCCCCCCEEC
T ss_conf 8544435078886288-----96400226577878876287537887338978778876578765787633889703010
Q ss_pred CCEEE-ECCE
Q ss_conf 76389-8998
Q gi|254780968|r 72 IPQLY-VKGD 80 (106)
Q Consensus 72 vPqIF-v~G~ 80 (106)
T Consensus 142 ~PalFLvNvn 151 (176)
T TIGR02738 142 TPALFLVNVN 151 (176)
T ss_pred CCEEEEECCC
T ss_conf 2322333153
TrbB has been predicted to contain a thioredoxin fold, it also contains a conserved pair of cysteines and has been shown to function as a thiol disulphide isomerase by complementation of Escherichia coli DsbA mutants . TtbB is believed to be involved in pilin assembly . TrbB is closely related to TraF (IPR014110 from INTERPRO) though somewhat longer lacking the cysteine motif and is apparently not functional as a disulphide bond isomerase..
>cd03004 PDI_a_ERdj5_C PDIa family, C-terminal ERdj5 subfamily; ERdj5, also known as JPDI and macrothioredoxin, is a protein containing an N-terminal DnaJ domain and four redox active TRX domains
This subfamily is composed of the three TRX domains located at the C-terminal half of the protein. ERdj5 is a ubiquitous protein localized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and is abundant in secretory cells. It's transcription is induced during ER stress. It interacts with BiP through its DnaJ domain in an ATP-dependent manner. BiP, an ER-resident member of the Hsp70 chaperone family, functions in ER-associated degradation and protein translocation. Also included in the alignment is the single complete TRX domain of an uncharacterized protein from Tetraodon nigroviridis, which also contains a DnaJ domain at its N-terminus.
>cd03054 GST_N_Metaxin GST_N family, Metaxin subfamily; composed of metaxins and related proteins
Metaxin 1 is a component of a preprotein import complex of the mitochondrial outer membrane. It extends to the cytosol and is anchored to the mitochondrial membrane through its C-terminal domain. In mice, metaxin is required for embryonic development. In humans, alterations in the metaxin gene may be associated with Gaucher disease. Metaxin 2 binds to metaxin 1 and may also play a role in protein translocation into the mitochondria. Genome sequencing shows that a third metaxin gene also exists in zebrafish, Xenopus, chicken and mammals. Sequence analysis suggests that all three metaxins share a common ancestry and that they possess similarity to GSTs. Also included in the subfamily are uncharacterized proteins with similarity to metaxins, including a novel GST from Rhodococcus with toluene o-monooxygenase and glutamylcysteine synthetase activities.
>TIGR01162 purE phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxylase, catalytic subunit; InterPro: IPR000031 Phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxylase is a fusion protein in plants and fungi, but consists of two non-interacting proteins in bacteria, PurK and PurE
PurK, N5-carboxyaminoimidazole ribonucleotide (N5_CAIR) synthetase, catalyzes the conversion of 5-aminoimidazole ribonucleotide (AIR), ATP, and bicarbonate to N5-CAIR, ADP, and Pi. PurE converts N5-CAIR to CAIR, the sixth step of de novo purine biosynthesis. In the presence of high concentrations of bicarbonate, PurE is reported able to convert AIR to CAIR directly and without ATP. Some members of this family contain two copies of this domain . The crystal structure of PurE indicates a unique quaternary structure that confirms the octameric nature of the enzyme .; GO: 0004638 phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxylase activity, 0006189 'de novo' IMP biosynthetic process, 0009320 phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxylase complex.
>cd02995 PDI_a_PDI_a'_C PDIa family, C-terminal TRX domain (a') subfamily; composed of the C-terminal redox active a' domains of PDI, ERp72, ERp57 (or ERp60) and EFP1
PDI, ERp72 and ERp57 are endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident eukaryotic proteins involved in oxidative protein folding. They are oxidases, catalyzing the formation of disulfide bonds of newly synthesized polypeptides in the ER. They also exhibit reductase activity in acting as isomerases to correct any non-native disulfide bonds, as well as chaperone activity to prevent protein aggregation and facilitate the folding of newly synthesized proteins. PDI and ERp57 have the abb'a' domain structure (where a and a' are redox active TRX domains while b and b' are redox inactive TRX-like domains). PDI also contains an acidic region (c domain) after the a' domain that is absent in ERp57. ERp72 has an additional a domain at the N-terminus (a"abb'a' domain structure). ERp57 interacts with the lectin chaperones, calnexin and calreticu
>COG2999 GrxB Glutaredoxin 2 [Posttranslational modification, protein turnover, chaperones]
>cd02959 ERp19 Endoplasmic reticulum protein 19 (ERp19) family; ERp19 is also known as ERp18, a protein located in the ER containing one redox active TRX domain
Probab=92.63 E-value=0.34 Score=28.43 Aligned_cols=67 Identities=15% Similarity=0.316 Sum_probs=39.6
Q ss_pred HHHHHHHHHHC-CEEEEECCCCCCCCCCHHHHHHHHHHH------CCCCEEEEECCCCHHHHHHHHHHH-CCCCCCEEE-
Q ss_conf 99999996448-979994489998998317999999997------499658997114403799999973-478776389-
Q gi|254780968|r 6 NSIIQNEIKKN-DVVLFMKGTPTSPRCGFSGKVVQVLDS------LGVSYKGIDVLADDALRQSIKEYS-NWPTIPQLY- 76 (106)
Q Consensus 6 ~~~i~~~i~~~-~Vvifskgt~~~p~C~~c~~ak~lL~~------~~i~y~~~dv~~d~~~~~~l~~~s-g~~TvPqIF- 76 (106)
T Consensus 9 eeal~~Ak~~~KPiml~~~----~~wC~~Ck~mk~~f~e~~ei~~ls~~FVminvd~deep~--~~~~~~DG~YvPri~F 82 (117)
T cd02959 9 EDGIKEAKDSGKPLMLLIH----KTWCGACKALKPKFAESKEISELSHNFVMVNLEDDEEPK--DEEFSPDGGYIPRILF 82 (117)
T ss_pred HHHHHHHHHHCCCEEEEEC----CCCCHHHHHHHHHHHHCHHHHHHHHCCEEEECCCCCCCC--CCCCCCCCCCCCEEEE
T ss_conf 9999999984999999973----211767999999986199999997565798636777775--2002657871322899
Q ss_pred EC
Q ss_conf 89
Q gi|254780968|r 77 VK 78 (106)
Q Consensus 77 v~ 78 (106)
T Consensus 83 lD 84 (117)
T cd02959 83 LD 84 (117)
T ss_pred EC
T ss_conf 89
Denaturation studies indicate that the reduced form is more stable than the oxidized form, suggesting that the protein is involved in disulfide bond formation. In vitro, ERp19 has been shown to possess thiol-disulfide oxidase activity which is dependent on the presence of both active site cysteines. Although described as protein disulfide isomerase (PDI)-like, the protein does not complement for PDI activity. ERp19 shows a wide tissue distribution but is most abundant in liver, testis, heart and kidney.
>TIGR02740 TraF-like TraF-like protein; InterPro: IPR014111 This entry contains TraF-like proteins that are related to the F-type conjugation system pilus assembly proteins TraF (IPR014110 from INTERPRO)and TrbB (IPR014109 from INTERPRO) both of which exhibit a thioredoxin fold
Probab=92.48 E-value=0.57 Score=27.15 Aligned_cols=66 Identities=15% Similarity=0.348 Sum_probs=44.3
Q ss_pred HHHHHHHHCCEEEEECCCCCCCCCCHHHHHHHHHHH----CCCCEEEEECCCCH-------H--HHHHHHHHHCC---CC
Q ss_conf 999996448979994489998998317999999997----49965899711440-------3--79999997347---87
Q gi|254780968|r 8 IIQNEIKKNDVVLFMKGTPTSPRCGFSGKVVQVLDS----LGVSYKGIDVLADD-------A--LRQSIKEYSNW---PT 71 (106)
Q Consensus 8 ~i~~~i~~~~Vvifskgt~~~p~C~~c~~ak~lL~~----~~i~y~~~dv~~d~-------~--~~~~l~~~sg~---~T 71 (106)
T Consensus 188 v~~~la~~~GlFFFf~S~----~C~~C~~~~pil~~~~~~YG~~V~pvS~DG~PLp~G~FPn~~pD~G~a~~L~iGtd~~ 263 (306)
T TIGR02740 188 VLKELAKKSGLFFFFKSD----DCPYCHAQAPILKAFEDRYGIEVLPVSVDGGPLPGGKFPNARPDAGQAQKLKIGTDRT 263 (306)
T ss_pred HHHHHHCCCEEEEEEECC----CCCCHHHHHHHHHHHHHHCCCEEEEEEECCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCHHHHHHHCCCCCCC
T ss_conf 999974075168997278----8662268999999999731970899984588878788888521403675404676654
Q ss_pred CCEEEE
Q ss_conf 763898
Q gi|254780968|r 72 IPQLYV 77 (106)
Q Consensus 72 vPqIFv 77 (106)
T Consensus 264 VPA~~L 269 (306)
T TIGR02740 264 VPAVFL 269 (306)
T ss_pred CCEEEE
T ss_conf 665899
The proteins in this entry have the same length and architecture as TraF, but lack the CXXC-motif found in TrbB that is believed to be responsible for the disulphide isomerase activity..
ThOX proteins are responsible for the generation of hydrogen peroxide, a crucial substrate of thyroperoxidase, which functions to iodinate thyroglobulin and synthesize thyroid hormones. EFP1 was isolated through a yeast two-hybrid method using the EF-hand fragment of dog Duox1 as a bait. It could be one of the partners in the assembly of a multiprotein complex constituting the thyroid hydrogen peroxide generating system. EFP1 contains two TRX domains related to the redox active TRX domains of protein disulfide isomerase (PDI). This subfamily is composed of the N-terminal TRX domain of EFP1, which contains a CXXS sequence in place of the typical CXXC motif, similar to ERp44. The CXXS motif allows the formation of stable mixed disulfides, crucial for the ER-retention function of ERp44.
>PRK13728 conjugal transfer protein TrbB; Provisional
>TIGR00014 arsC arsenate reductase; InterPro: IPR006659 This entry describes a distinct clade, including ArsC itself, of the broader family of ArsC and related proteins
This clade is almost completely restricted to the proteobacteria. An anion-translocating ATPase has been identified as the product of the arsenical resistance operon of resistance plasmid R773 . When expressed in Escherichia coli this ATP-driven oxyanion pump catalyses extrusion of the oxyanions arsenite, antimonite and arsenate. The pump is composed of two polypeptides, the products of the arsA and arsB genes. The pump alone produces resistance to arsenite and antimonite. This protein, ArsC, catalyzes the reduction of arsenate to arsenite, and thus extends resistance to include arsenate. ; GO: 0008794 arsenate reductase (glutaredoxin) activity, 0006118 electron transport.
Probab=90.99 E-value=0.66 Score=26.79 Aligned_cols=65 Identities=23% Similarity=0.460 Sum_probs=47.1
Q ss_pred CCCHHHHHHHHHHHCC--C-CEEEEECCCCHHH----HHHHHHHHCC--CCCCEEEE-------CCEEECCHHHHHHHHH
Q ss_conf 9831799999999749--9-6589971144037----9999997347--87763898-------9989427699999998
Q gi|254780968|r 30 RCGFSGKVVQVLDSLG--V-SYKGIDVLADDAL----RQSIKEYSNW--PTIPQLYV-------KGDFIGGCDIVCEMFE 93 (106)
Q Consensus 30 ~C~~c~~ak~lL~~~~--i-~y~~~dv~~d~~~----~~~l~~~sg~--~TvPqIFv-------~G~~IGG~d~l~~l~~ 93 (106)
T Consensus 3 dCP~yakaellAD~L~~nLpdF~vhKI~~~p~~W~~wl~~~c~~n~W~h~~SPiIWREL~drGGkg~liGg~neFlE~a~ 82 (452)
T cd05295 3 DCPYYAKAELLADYLQKNLPDFRVHKIVKHPDEWEDWLQDLCKKNGWSHKRSPIIWRELLDRGGKGLLLGGCNEFLEYAE 82 (452)
T ss_pred CCCHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHCCCCEEEEECCCHHHHHHHHHHHHHHCCCCCCCCCEEHHHHHHCCCCEEEECCCHHHHHHHH
T ss_conf 99427899999999971089846887057866899999999986697467897249999736797567358179999999
Q ss_pred C
Q ss_conf 8
Q gi|254780968|r 94 S 94 (106)
Q Consensus 94 ~ 94 (106)
T Consensus 83 ~ 83 (452)
T cd05295 83 S 83 (452)
T ss_pred H
T ss_conf 8
These MDH-like proteins are related to other groups in the MDH family but do not have conserved substrate and cofactor binding residues. MDH is one of the key enzymes in the citric acid cycle, facilitating both the conversion of malate to oxaloacetate and replenishing levels of oxalacetate by reductive carboxylation of pyruvate. Members of this subgroup are uncharacterized MDH-like proteins from animals. They are part of the NAD(P)-binding Rossmann fold superfamily, which includes a wide variety of protein families including the NAD(P)-binding domains of alcohol dehydrogenases, tyrosine-dependent oxidoreductases, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenases, formate/glycerate dehydrogenases, siroheme synthases, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenases, aminoacid dehydrogenases, repressor rex, and NAD-binding potassium channel domains, among others.
>cd03033 ArsC_15kD Arsenate Reductase (ArsC) family, 15kD protein subfamily; composed of proteins of unknown function with similarity to thioredoxin-fold arsenic reductases, ArsC
It is encoded by an ORF present in a gene cluster associated with nitrogen fixation that also encodes dinitrogenase reductase ADP-ribosyltransferase (DRAT) and dinitrogenase reductase activating glycohydrolase (DRAG). ArsC catalyzes the reduction of arsenate [As(V)] to arsenite [As(III)], using reducing equivalents derived from glutathione via glutaredoxin, through a single catalytic cysteine.
>COG1393 ArsC Arsenate reductase and related proteins, glutaredoxin family [Inorganic ion transport and metabolism]
>cd03035 ArsC_Yffb Arsenate Reductase (ArsC) family, Yffb subfamily; Yffb is an uncharacterized bacterial protein encoded by the yffb gene, related to the thioredoxin-fold arsenic reductases, ArsC
The structure of Yffb and the conservation of the catalytic cysteine suggest that it is likely to function as a glutathione (GSH)-dependent thiol reductase. ArsC catalyzes the reduction of arsenate [As(V)] to arsenite [As(III)], using reducing equivalents derived from GSH via glutaredoxin, through a single catalytic cysteine.
>cd03034 ArsC_ArsC Arsenate Reductase (ArsC) family, ArsC subfamily; arsenic reductases similar to that encoded by arsC on the R733 plasmid of Escherichia coli
E. coli ArsC catalyzes the reduction of arsenate [As(V)] to arsenite [As(III)], the first step in the detoxification of arsenic, using reducing equivalents derived from glutathione (GSH) via glutaredoxin (GRX). ArsC contains a single catalytic cysteine, within a thioredoxin fold, that forms a covalent thiolate-As(V) intermediate, which is reduced by GRX through a mixed GSH-arsenate intermediate. This family of predominantly bacterial enzymes is unrelated to two other families of arsenate reductases which show similarity to low-molecular-weight acid phosphatases and phosphotyrosyl phosphatases.
>TIGR01617 arsC_related conserved hypothetical protein; InterPro: IPR006504 These sequences are a part of the Arsenate reductase family of sequences
The family includes a glutaredoxin-dependent arsenate reductase that works together with an arsenite exporter. It also includes an uncharacterised family associated with nitrogenase system genes in a number of phylogenetically distant species. The function of this group of sequences seems unlikely to be arsenate reductase, although that assignment has been given to a number of members of this family. .
>cd02977 ArsC_family Arsenate Reductase (ArsC) family; composed of TRX-fold arsenic reductases and similar proteins including the transcriptional regulator, Spx
ArsC catalyzes the reduction of arsenate [As(V)] to arsenite [As(III)], using reducing equivalents derived from glutathione (GSH) via glutaredoxin (GRX), through a single catalytic cysteine. This family of predominantly bacterial enzymes is unrelated to two other families of arsenate reductases which show similarity to low-molecular-weight acid phosphatases and phosphotyrosyl phosphatases. Spx is a general regulator that exerts negative and positive control over transcription initiation by binding to the C-terminal domain of the alpha subunit of RNA polymerase.
>cd03032 ArsC_Spx Arsenate Reductase (ArsC) family, Spx subfamily; Spx is a unique RNA polymerase (RNAP)-binding protein present in bacilli and some mollicutes
It inhibits transcription by binding to the C-terminal domain of the alpha subunit of RNAP, disrupting complex formation between RNAP and certain transcriptional activator proteins like ResD and ComA. In response to oxidative stress, Spx can also activate transcription, making it a general regulator that exerts both positive and negative control over transcription initiation. Spx has been shown to exert redox-sensitive transcriptional control over genes like trxA (TRX) and trxB (TRX reductase), genes that function in thiol homeostasis. This redox-sensitive activity is dependent on the presence of a CXXC motif, present in some members of the Spx subfamily, that acts as a thiol/disulfide switch. Spx has also been shown to repress genes in a sulfate-dependent manner independent of the presence of the CXXC motif.
>cd03036 ArsC_like Arsenate Reductase (ArsC) family, unknown subfamily; uncharacterized proteins containing a CXXC motif with similarity to thioredoxin (TRX)-fold arsenic reductases, ArsC
Proteins containing a redox active CXXC motif like TRX and glutaredoxin (GRX) function as protein disulfide oxidoreductases, altering the redox state of target proteins via the reversible oxidation of the active site dithiol. ArsC catalyzes the reduction of arsenate [As(V)] to arsenite [As(III)], using reducing equivalents derived from glutathione via GRX, through a single catalytic cysteine.
>cd02975 PfPDO_like_N Pyrococcus furiosus protein disulfide oxidoreductase (PfPDO)-like family, N-terminal TRX-fold subdomain; composed of proteins with similarity to PfPDO, a redox active thermostable protein believed to be the archaeal counterpart of bacterial DsbA and eukaryotic protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), which are both involved in oxidative protein folding
Probab=92.49 E-value=1 Score=25.66 Aligned_cols=69 Identities=19% Similarity=0.296 Sum_probs=45.2
Q ss_pred CCHHHHHHHHHH-HHH--CC--EEEEECCCCCCCCCCHHHHHHHHHHHC-----CCCEEEEECCCCHHHHHHHHHHHCCC
Q ss_conf 986899999999-644--89--799944899989983179999999974-----99658997114403799999973478
Q gi|254780968|r 1 MNSSVNSIIQNE-IKK--ND--VVLFMKGTPTSPRCGFSGKVVQVLDSL-----GVSYKGIDVLADDALRQSIKEYSNWP 70 (106)
Q Consensus 1 m~~~~~~~i~~~-i~~--~~--Vvifskgt~~~p~C~~c~~ak~lL~~~-----~i~y~~~dv~~d~~~~~~l~~~sg~~ 70 (106)
T Consensus 3 l~~~~r~~l~e~fl~~l~~pV~ivvF~~~----~~c~yc~~t~~ll~ela~lsdKi~~~~~~~~~d~e~a----~k~gVe 74 (113)
T cd02975 3 LSDEDRKALKEEFFKEMKNPVDLVVFSSK----EGCQYCEVTKQLLEELSELSDKLKLEIYDFDEDKEKA----EKYGVE 74 (113)
T ss_pred CCHHHHHHHHHHHHHHCCCCEEEEEEECC----CCCCCHHHHHHHHHHHHHHCCCEEEEEECCCCCHHHH----HHHCCE
T ss_conf 88889999999999857998699999579----8871169999999999974885389996676697999----983981
Q ss_pred CCCEEEE
Q ss_conf 7763898
Q gi|254780968|r 71 TIPQLYV 77 (106)
Q Consensus 71 TvPqIFv 77 (106)
T Consensus 75 r~Pti~i 81 (113)
T cd02975 75 RVPTTIF 81 (113)
T ss_pred ECCEEEE
T ss_conf 4657999
PfPDO contains two redox active CXXC motifs in two contiguous TRX-fold subdomains. The active site in the N-terminal TRX-fold subdomain is required for isomerase but not for reductase activity of PfPDO. The exclusive presence of PfPDO-like proteins in extremophiles may suggest that they have a special role in adaptation to extreme conditions.
>PRK13703 conjugal pilus assembly protein TraF; Provisional
>TIGR02187 GlrX_arch Glutaredoxin-like domain protein; InterPro: IPR011903 Glutaredoxins , , , also known as thioltransferases (disulphide reductases, are small proteins of approximately one hundred amino-acid residues which utilise glutathione and NADPH as cofactors
Oxidized glutathione is regenerated by glutathione reductase. Together these components compose the glutathione system . Glutaredoxin functions as an electron carrier in the glutathione-dependent synthesis of deoxyribonucleotides by the enzyme ribonucleotide reductase. Like thioredoxin, which functions in a similar way, glutaredoxin possesses an active centre disulphide bond . It exists in either a reduced or an oxidized form where the two cysteine residues are linked in an intramolecular disulphide bond. Glutaredoxin has been sequenced in a variety of species. On the basis of extensive sequence similarity, it has been proposed that Vaccinia virus protein O2L is most probably a glutaredoxin. Finally, it must be noted that Bacteriophage T4 thioredoxin seems also to be evolutionary related. In position 5 of the pattern T4 thioredoxin has Val instead of Pro. This entry of archaeal proteins contains a C-terminal domain with homology to bacterial and eukaryotic glutaredoxins, including a CPYC motif. There is an N-terminal domain which has even more distant homology to glutaredoxins. The name "glutaredoxin" may be inappropriate in the sense of working in tandem with glutathione and glutathione reductase which may not be present in the archaea. The overall domain structure appears to be related to bacterial alkylhydroperoxide reductases, but the homology may be distant enough that the function of this family is wholly different..
>cd03023 DsbA_Com1_like DsbA family, Com1-like subfamily; composed of proteins similar to Com1, a 27-kDa outer membrane-associated immunoreactive protein originally found in both acute and chronic disease strains of the pathogenic bacteria Coxiella burnetti
It contains a CXXC motif, assumed to be imbedded in a DsbA-like structure. Its homology to DsbA suggests that the protein is a protein disulfide oxidoreductase. The role of such a protein in pathogenesis is unknown.
Homologous Structures in PDB Database Detected by PSI-BLAST, RPS-BLAST and HHsearch
Homologous Structures Detected by PSI-BLAST against Nonredundant Database
>gi|159163386|pdb|1WIK|A Chain A, Solution Structure Of The Picot Homology 2 Domain Of The Mouse Pkc-Interacting Cousin Of Thioredoxin Protein Length = 109
Score = 66.1 bits (160), Expect = 1e-09, Method: Composition-based stats.
Identities = 27/94 (28%), Positives = 47/94 (50%), Gaps = 10/94 (10%)
Query: 3 SSVNSIIQNEIKKNDVV----LFMKGTPTSPRCGFSGKVVQVLDSLGVSYKGIDVLADDA 58
S ++ ++ ++ V +F K P C F K Q+L G+S++ I +L DA
Sbjct: 153 SDADTXLKYLAPQHQVQESISIFTK-----PGCPFCAKAKQLLHDKGLSFEEI-ILGHDA 206
Query: 59 LRQSIKEYSNWPTIPQLYVKGDFIGGCDIVCEMF 92
S++ S T+PQ+++ G IGG D + + F
Sbjct: 207 TIVSVRAVSGRTTVPQVFIGGKHIGGSDDLEKYF 240
>gi|256599739|pdb|3H4K|A Chain A, Crystal Structure Of The Wild Type Thioredoxin Glutatione Reductase From Schistosoma Mansoni In Complex With Auranofin Length = 598
>gi|119389998|pdb|2HZE|A Chain A, Crystal Structures Of A Poxviral Glutaredoxin In The Oxidized And Reduced States Show Redox-Correlated Structural Changes Length = 114
>gi|119389999|pdb|2HZE|B Chain B, Crystal Structures Of A Poxviral Glutaredoxin In The Oxidized And Reduced States Show Redox-Correlated Structural Changes Length = 114
>gi|157830944|pdb|1EGO|A Chain A, Nmr Structure Of Oxidized Escherichia Coli Glutaredoxin: Comparison With Reduced E. Coli Glutaredoxin And Functionally Related Proteins Length = 85