Monoterpene synthase which catalyzes the conversion of geranyl diphosphate to gamma-terpinene and the minor products limonene, alpha-pinene, beta-pinene, alpha-terpinolene, alpha-thujene, alpha-terpinene, myrcene and sabinene. Citrus limon (taxid: 2708) EC: 4EC: .EC: 2EC: .EC: 3EC: .EC: 1EC: 1EC: 4
Promotes the emission of terpenes volatile organic compounds (VOC) in response to damage mediated by arthropod herbivores (e.g. Tetranychus urticae), probably to attract natural enemies of the herbivores.
Mediates the conversion of geranyl diphosphate into alpha-terpineol, a monoterpenol. Monoterpenols contribute to the final grape and wine aroma and flavor. Also forms some 1,8-cineole and traces of other monoterpenoids.
Involved in monoterpene (C10) biosynthesis. The major product is 1,8-cineole (52%) followed by minor amounts of sabinene (14.5%), myrcene (13.3%), (-)-(1S)-beta-pinene (7.8%), (-)-(4S)-limonene (4.0%), (E)-beta-ocimene (2.7%), alpha-terpineol (2.4%), (-)-(1S)-alpha-pinene (1.9%), terpinolene (0.8%), and (+)-alpha-thujene (0.6%).
Involved in monoterpene (C10) biosynthesis. The major product is 1,8-cineole (52%) followed by minor amounts of sabinene (14.5%), myrcene (13.3%), (-)-(1S)-beta-pinene (7.8%), (-)-(4S)-limonene (4.0%), (E)-beta-ocimene (2.7%), alpha-terpineol (2.4%), (-)-(1S)-alpha-pinene (1.9%), terpinolene (0.8%), and (+)-alpha-thujene (0.6%).
Promotes the emission of terpenes volatile organic compounds (VOC) in response to damage mediated by arthropod herbivores (e.g. Spodoptera exigua), probably to attract natural enemies of the herbivores.
Monoterpene synthase converting geranyl diphosphate into alpha-terpineol. In vitro, can also have an sesquiterpene synthase activity, converting farnesyl diphosphate into (E)-alpha-bisabolene (33.1%), alpha-bisabolene (18.7%), beta-sesquiphellandrene (15.8%), beta-bergamotene (12.6%), (Z)-alpha-farnesene (10.4%), and (Z)-alpha-bisabolene (9.4%).
Score = 67.2 bits (165), Expect = 5e-15
Identities = 23/72 (31%), Positives = 34/72 (47%), Gaps = 1/72 (1%)
Query: 2 EAREHIHDLIAQTWMKMNRDRFVNPHFVSDVFVGIAMNLARMSQCMYQFGEGHGHGVQEI 61
EARE I +I W ++N + V +NLAR+ Y+ G+G H EI
Sbjct: 472 EAREEIKKMIEDAWKELNEEFLKPSSDVPRPIKQRFLNLARVIDVFYKEGDGFTHPEGEI 531
Query: 62 TKARVLSLIVDP 73
K + SL+ +P
Sbjct: 532 -KDHITSLLFEP 542
This CD includes a diverse group of monomeric plant terpene cyclases (Tspa-Tspf) that convert the acyclic isoprenoid diphosphates, geranyl diphosphate (GPP), farnesyl diphosphate (FPP), or geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP) into cyclic monoterpenes, diterpenes, or sesquiterpenes, respectively; a few form acyclic species. Terpnoid cyclases are soluble enzymes localized to the cytosol (sesquiterpene synthases) or plastids (mono- and diterpene synthases). All monoterpene and diterpene synthases have restrict substrate specificity, however, some sesquiterpene synthases can accept both FPP and GPP. The catalytic site consists of a large central cavity formed by mostly antiparallel alpha helices with two aspartate-rich regions located on opposite walls. These residues mediate binding of prenyl diphosphates, via bridging Mg2+ ions (K+ preferred by gymnosperm cyclases), inducing conformational changes such that an N-terminal region forms a cap over the catalytic core. Loss of diphosphate from the enzyme-bound substrate (GPP, FPP, or GGPP) results in an allylic carbocation that electrophilically attacks a double bond further down the terpene chain to effect the first ring closure. Unlike monoterpene, sesquiterene, and macrocyclic diterpenes synthases, which undergo substrate ionization by diphosphate ester scission, Tpsc-like diterpene synthases catalyze cyclization reactions by an initial protonation step producing a copalyl diphosphate intermediate. These enzymes lack the aspartate-rich sequences mentioned above. Most diterpene synthases have an N-terminal, internal element (approx 210 aa) whose function is unknown. Length = 542
>gnl|CDD|173837 cd00868, Terpene_cyclase_C1, Terpene cyclases, Class 1
Score = 40.0 bits (94), Expect = 2e-05
Identities = 12/47 (25%), Positives = 20/47 (42%)
Query: 2 EAREHIHDLIAQTWMKMNRDRFVNPHFVSDVFVGIAMNLARMSQCMY 48
EA E + +I + W ++N + V + +NLAR Y
Sbjct: 238 EALEELRKMIEEAWKELNEEVLKLSSDVPRAVLETLLNLARGIYVWY 284
Terpene cyclases, Class 1 (C1) of the class 1 family of isoprenoid biosynthesis enzymes, which share the 'isoprenoid synthase fold' and convert linear, all-trans, isoprenoids, geranyl (C10)-, farnesyl (C15)-, or geranylgeranyl (C20)-diphosphate into numerous cyclic forms of monoterpenes, diterpenes, and sesquiterpenes. Also included in this CD are the cis-trans terpene cyclases such as trichodiene synthase. The class I terpene cyclization reactions proceed via electrophilic alkylations in which a new carbon-carbon single bond is generated through interaction between a highly reactive electron-deficient allylic carbocation and an electron-rich carbon-carbon double bond. The catalytic site consists of a large central cavity formed by mostly antiparallel alpha helices with two aspartate-rich regions located on opposite walls. These residues mediate binding of prenyl phosphates via bridging Mg2+ ions, inducing proposed conformational changes that close the active site to solvent, stabilizing reactive carbocation intermediates. Mechanistically and structurally distinct, class II terpene cyclases and cis-IPPS are not included in this CD. Taxonomic distribution includes bacteria, fungi and plants. Length = 284
This CD includes a diverse group of monomeric plant terpene cyclases (Tspa-Tspf) that convert the acyclic isoprenoid diphosphates, geranyl diphosphate (GPP), farnesyl diphosphate (FPP), or geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP) into cyclic monoterpenes, diterpenes, or sesquiterpenes, respectively; a few form acyclic species. Terpnoid cyclases are soluble enzymes localized to the cytosol (sesquiterpene synthases) or plastids (mono- and diterpene synthases). All monoterpene and diterpene synthases have restrict substrate specificity, however, some sesquiterpene synthases can accept both FPP and GPP. The catalytic site consists of a large central cavity formed by mostly antiparallel alpha helices with two aspartate-rich regions located on opposite walls. These residues mediate binding of prenyl diphosphates, via bridging Mg2+ ions (K+ preferred by gymnosperm cyclases), inducing conformational changes such that an N-terminal regi
Terpene cyclases, Class 1 (C1) of the class 1 family of isoprenoid biosynthesis enzymes, which share the 'isoprenoid synthase fold' and convert linear, all-trans, isoprenoids, geranyl (C10)-, farnesyl (C15)-, or geranylgeranyl (C20)-diphosphate into numerous cyclic forms of monoterpenes, diterpenes, and sesquiterpenes. Also included in this CD are the cis-trans terpene cyclases such as trichodiene synthase. The class I terpene cyclization reactions proceed via electrophilic alkylations in which a new carbon-carbon single bond is generated through interaction between a highly reactive electron-deficient allylic carbocation and an electron-rich carbon-carbon double bond. The catalytic site consists of a large central cavity formed by mostly antiparallel alpha helices with two aspartate-rich regions located on opposite walls. These residues mediate binding of prenyl phosphates via bridging Mg2+ ions, inducing proposed conformational ch
>cd00385 Isoprenoid_Biosyn_C1 Isoprenoid Biosynthesis enzymes, Class 1
Superfamily of trans-isoprenyl diphosphate synthases (IPPS) and class I terpene cyclases which either synthesis geranyl/farnesyl diphosphates (GPP/FPP) or longer chained products from isoprene precursors, isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) and dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP), or use geranyl (C10)-, farnesyl (C15)-, or geranylgeranyl (C20)-diphosphate as substrate. These enzymes produce a myriad of precursors for such end products as steroids, cholesterol, sesquiterpenes, heme, carotenoids, retinoids, and diterpenes; and are widely distributed among archaea, bacteria, and eukaryota.The enzymes in this superfamily share the same 'isoprenoid synthase fold' and include several subgroups. The head-to-tail (HT) IPPS catalyze the successive 1'-4 condensation of the 5-carbon IPP to the growing isoprene chain to form linear, all-trans, C10-, C15-, C20- C25-, C30-, C35-, C40-, C45-, or C50-isoprenoid diphosphates. Cyclic monoter
>pdb|2J5C|A Chain A, Rational Conversion Of Substrate And Product Specificity In A Monoterpene Synthase. Structural Insights Into The Molecular Basis Of Rapid Evolution. Length = 569
>3pya_A ENT-copalyl diphosphate synthase, chloroplastic; class I and II terpene cyclase fold, class II diterpene CYCL DXXDD motif; HET: AG8 1PE; 2.25A {Arabidopsis thaliana} PDB: 3pyb_A*