Catalyzes the formation of the (+)-camphor precursor (+)-bornyl diphosphate from geranyl diphosphate. The enzyme also produces significant amounts of (+)-alpha-pinene, (+)-camphene, and (+-)-limonene.
Mediates the conversion of geranyl diphosphate into alpha-terpineol, a monoterpenol. Monoterpenols contribute to the final grape and wine aroma and flavor. Also forms some 1,8-cineole and traces of other monoterpenoids.
Monoterpene synthase converting geranyl diphosphate into alpha-terpineol. In vitro, can also have an sesquiterpene synthase activity, converting farnesyl diphosphate into (E)-alpha-bisabolene (33.1%), alpha-bisabolene (18.7%), beta-sesquiphellandrene (15.8%), beta-bergamotene (12.6%), (Z)-alpha-farnesene (10.4%), and (Z)-alpha-bisabolene (9.4%).
Monoterpene synthase which catalyzes the conversion of geranyl diphosphate to gamma-terpinene and the minor products alpha-thujene, alpha-terpinene, myrcene, sabinene, (+)-R-limonene, alpha-pinene and alpha-phellandrene.
Origanum vulgare (taxid: 39352)
EC: 4
EC: .
EC: 2
EC: .
EC: 3
EC: .
EC: 1
EC: 1
EC: 5
>sp|Q50L36|ISPS_POPAL Isoprene synthase, chloroplastic OS=Populus alba GN=ISPS PE=1 SV=1
This CD includes a diverse group of monomeric plant terpene cyclases (Tspa-Tspf) that convert the acyclic isoprenoid diphosphates, geranyl diphosphate (GPP), farnesyl diphosphate (FPP), or geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP) into cyclic monoterpenes, diterpenes, or sesquiterpenes, respectively; a few form acyclic species. Terpnoid cyclases are soluble enzymes localized to the cytosol (sesquiterpene synthases) or plastids (mono- and diterpene synthases). All monoterpene and diterpene synthases have restrict substrate specificity, however, some sesquiterpene synthases can accept both FPP and GPP. The catalytic site consists of a large central cavity formed by mostly antiparallel alpha helices with two aspartate-rich regions located on opposite walls. These residues mediate binding of prenyl diphosphates, via bridging Mg2+ ions (K+ preferred by gymnosperm cyclases), inducing conformational changes such that an N-terminal region forms a cap over the catalytic core. Loss of diphosphate from the enzyme-bound substrate (GPP, FPP, or GGPP) results in an allylic carbocation that electrophilically attacks a double bond further down the terpene chain to effect the first ring closure. Unlike monoterpene, sesquiterene, and macrocyclic diterpenes synthases, which undergo substrate ionization by diphosphate ester scission, Tpsc-like diterpene synthases catalyze cyclization reactions by an initial protonation step producing a copalyl diphosphate intermediate. These enzymes lack the aspartate-rich sequences mentioned above. Most diterpene synthases have an N-terminal, internal element (approx 210 aa) whose function is unknown. Length = 542
>gnl|CDD|173837 cd00868, Terpene_cyclase_C1, Terpene cyclases, Class 1
Terpene cyclases, Class 1 (C1) of the class 1 family of isoprenoid biosynthesis enzymes, which share the 'isoprenoid synthase fold' and convert linear, all-trans, isoprenoids, geranyl (C10)-, farnesyl (C15)-, or geranylgeranyl (C20)-diphosphate into numerous cyclic forms of monoterpenes, diterpenes, and sesquiterpenes. Also included in this CD are the cis-trans terpene cyclases such as trichodiene synthase. The class I terpene cyclization reactions proceed via electrophilic alkylations in which a new carbon-carbon single bond is generated through interaction between a highly reactive electron-deficient allylic carbocation and an electron-rich carbon-carbon double bond. The catalytic site consists of a large central cavity formed by mostly antiparallel alpha helices with two aspartate-rich regions located on opposite walls. These residues mediate binding of prenyl phosphates via bridging Mg2+ ions, inducing proposed conformational changes that close the active site to solvent, stabilizing reactive carbocation intermediates. Mechanistically and structurally distinct, class II terpene cyclases and cis-IPPS are not included in this CD. Taxonomic distribution includes bacteria, fungi and plants. Length = 284
>gnl|CDD|202816 pfam03936, Terpene_synth_C, Terpene synthase family, metal binding domain
It has been suggested that this gene family be designated tps (for terpene synthase). It has been split into six subgroups on the basis of phylogeny, called tpsa-tpsf. tpsa includes vetispiridiene synthase, 5-epi- aristolochene synthase, and (+)-delta-cadinene synthase. tpsb includes (-)-limonene synthase. tpsc includes kaurene synthase A. tpsd includes taxadiene synthase, pinene synthase, and myrcene synthase. tpse includes kaurene synthase B. tpsf includes linalool synthase. Length = 270
This CD includes a diverse group of monomeric plant terpene cyclases (Tspa-Tspf) that convert the acyclic isoprenoid diphosphates, geranyl diphosphate (GPP), farnesyl diphosphate (FPP), or geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP) into cyclic monoterpenes, diterpenes, or sesquiterpenes, respectively; a few form acyclic species. Terpnoid cyclases are soluble enzymes localized to the cytosol (sesquiterpene synthases) or plastids (mono- and diterpene synthases). All monoterpene and diterpene synthases have restrict substrate specificity, however, some sesquiterpene synthases can accept both FPP and GPP. The catalytic site consists of a large central cavity formed by mostly antiparallel alpha helices with two aspartate-rich regions located on opposite walls. These residues mediate binding of prenyl diphosphates, via bridging Mg2+ ions (K+ preferred by gymnosperm cyclases), inducing conformational changes such that an N-terminal regi
Terpene cyclases, Class 1 (C1) of the class 1 family of isoprenoid biosynthesis enzymes, which share the 'isoprenoid synthase fold' and convert linear, all-trans, isoprenoids, geranyl (C10)-, farnesyl (C15)-, or geranylgeranyl (C20)-diphosphate into numerous cyclic forms of monoterpenes, diterpenes, and sesquiterpenes. Also included in this CD are the cis-trans terpene cyclases such as trichodiene synthase. The class I terpene cyclization reactions proceed via electrophilic alkylations in which a new carbon-carbon single bond is generated through interaction between a highly reactive electron-deficient allylic carbocation and an electron-rich carbon-carbon double bond. The catalytic site consists of a large central cavity formed by mostly antiparallel alpha helices with two aspartate-rich regions located on opposite walls. These residues mediate binding of prenyl phosphates via bridging Mg2+ ions, inducing proposed conformational ch
>PF03936 Terpene_synth_C: Terpene synthase family, metal binding domain; InterPro: IPR005630 Sequences containing this domain belong to the terpene synthase family
It has been suggested that this gene family be designated tps (for terpene synthase). Sequence comparisons reveal similarities between the monoterpene (C10) synthases, sesquiterpene (C15) synthases and the diterpene (C20) synthases. It has been split into six subgroups on the basis of phylogeny, called Tpsa-Tpsf []. Tpsa includes vetispiridiene synthase Q39979 from SWISSPROT, 5-epi- aristolochene synthase, Q40577 from SWISSPROT and (+)-delta-cadinene synthase P93665 from SWISSPROT . Tpsb includes (-)-limonene synthase, Q40322 from SWISSPROT. Tpsc includes copalyl diphosphate synthase (kaurene synthase A), O04408 from SWISSPROT. Tpsd includes taxadiene synthase, Q41594 from SWISSPROT, pinene synthase, O24475 from SWISSPROT and myrcene synthase, O24474 from SWISSPROT. Tpse includes ent-kaurene synthase B Q39548 from SWISSPROT. Tpsf includes linalool synthase Q9ZPN5 from SWISSPROT. In the fungus Phaeosphaeria sp. (strain L487) the synthesis of ent-kaurene from geranylgeranyl dophosphate is promoted by a single bifunctional protein [].; GO: 0000287 magnesium ion binding, 0016829 lyase activity; PDB: 3PYB_A 3PYA_A 3G4F_A 3G4D_B 3CKE_A 2OA6_D 2E4O_B 3BNY_B 3BNX_A 3LG5_A ....
>cd00687 Terpene_cyclase_nonplant_C1 Non-plant Terpene Cyclases, Class 1
This CD includes terpenoid cyclases such as pentalenene synthase and aristolochene synthase which, using an all-trans pathway, catalyze the ionization of farnesyl diphosphate, followed by the formation of a macrocyclic intermediate by bond formation between C1 with either C10 (aristolochene synthase) or C11 (pentalenene synthase), resulting in production of tricyclic hydrocarbon pentalenene or bicyclic hydrocarbon aristolochene. As with other enzymes with the 'terpenoid synthase fold', they have two conserved metal binding motifs, proposed to coordinate Mg2+ ion-bridged binding of the diphosphate moiety of FPP to the enzymes. Metal-triggered substrate ionization initiates catalysis, and the alpha-barrel active site serves as a template to channel and stabilize the conformations of reactive carbocation intermediates through a complex cyclization cascade. These enzymes function in the monomeric form and are found in
>cd00385 Isoprenoid_Biosyn_C1 Isoprenoid Biosynthesis enzymes, Class 1
Superfamily of trans-isoprenyl diphosphate synthases (IPPS) and class I terpene cyclases which either synthesis geranyl/farnesyl diphosphates (GPP/FPP) or longer chained products from isoprene precursors, isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) and dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP), or use geranyl (C10)-, farnesyl (C15)-, or geranylgeranyl (C20)-diphosphate as substrate. These enzymes produce a myriad of precursors for such end products as steroids, cholesterol, sesquiterpenes, heme, carotenoids, retinoids, and diterpenes; and are widely distributed among archaea, bacteria, and eukaryota.The enzymes in this superfamily share the same 'isoprenoid synthase fold' and include several subgroups. The head-to-tail (HT) IPPS catalyze the successive 1'-4 condensation of the 5-carbon IPP to the growing isoprene chain to form linear, all-trans, C10-, C15-, C20- C25-, C30-, C35-, C40-, C45-, or C50-isoprenoid diphosphates. Cyclic monoter
>pdb|2J5C|A Chain A, Rational Conversion Of Substrate And Product Specificity In A Monoterpene Synthase. Structural Insights Into The Molecular Basis Of Rapid Evolution. Length = 569
>pdb|3P5P|A Chain A, Crystal Structure Of Taxadiene Synthase From Pacific Yew (Taxus Brevifolia) In Complex With Mg2+ And 13-Aza-13,14-Dihydrocopalyl Diphosphate Length = 764
>pdb|3LZ9|A Chain A, The Crystal Structure Of 5-Epi-Aristolochene Synthase M4 Mut Complexed With (2-Trans,6-Trans)-2-Fluorofarnesyl Diphospha Length = 550
>pdb|3G4D|A Chain A, Crystal Structure Of (+)-Delta-Cadinene Synthase From Gossypium Arboreum And Evolutionary Divergence Of Metal Binding Motifs For Catalysis Length = 554
>3pya_A ENT-copalyl diphosphate synthase, chloroplastic; class I and II terpene cyclase fold, class II diterpene CYCL DXXDD motif; HET: AG8 1PE; 2.25A {Arabidopsis thaliana} PDB: 3pyb_A* Length = 727
>3pya_A ENT-copalyl diphosphate synthase, chloroplastic; class I and II terpene cyclase fold, class II diterpene CYCL DXXDD motif; HET: AG8 1PE; 2.25A {Arabidopsis thaliana} PDB: 3pyb_A*
