| GOID Link to GO |
Functional Category | Description | Protein Count link to protein list |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0009055 | electron carrier activity | Any molecular entity that serves as an electron acceptor and electron donor in an electron transport system. | 571 |
| GO:0003700 | sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a specific DNA sequence in order to modulate transcription. The transcription factor may or may not also interact selectively with a protein or macromolecular complex. | 569 |
| GO:0005488 | binding | The selective, non-covalent, often stoichiometric, interaction of a molecule with one or more specific sites on another molecule. | 483 |
| GO:0003824 | catalytic activity | Catalysis of a biochemical reaction at physiological temperatures. In biologically catalyzed reactions, the reactants are known as substrates, and the catalysts are naturally occurring macromolecular substances known as enzymes. Enzymes possess specific binding sites for substrates, and are usually composed wholly or largely of protein, but RNA that has catalytic activity (ribozyme) is often also regarded as enzymatic. | 416 |
| GO:0003713 | transcription coactivator activity | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a activating transcription factor and also with the basal transcription machinery in order to increase the frequency, rate or extent of transcription. Cofactors generally do not bind DNA, but rather mediate protein-protein interactions between activating transcription factors and the basal transcription machinery. | 168 |
| GO:0005215 | transporter activity | Enables the directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells. | 132 |
| GO:0004871 | signal transducer activity | Conveys a signal across a cell to trigger a change in cell function or state. A signal is a physical entity or change in state that is used to transfer information in order to trigger a response. | 121 |
| GO:0005198 | structural molecule activity | The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of a complex or assembly within or outside a cell. | 102 |
| GO:0003714 | transcription corepressor activity | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a repressing transcription factor and also with the basal transcription machinery in order to stop, prevent, or reduce the frequency, rate or extent of transcription. Cofactors generally do not bind DNA, but rather mediate protein-protein interactions between repressive transcription factors and the basal transcription machinery. | 84 |
| GO:0003712 | transcription cofactor activity | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a regulatory transcription factor and also with the basal transcription machinery in order to modulate transcription. Cofactors generally do not bind DNA, but rather mediate protein-protein interactions between regulatory transcription factors and the basal transcription machinery. | 61 |
| GO:0004872 | receptor activity | Combining with an extracellular or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell activity. | 58 |
| GO:0030234 | enzyme regulator activity | Modulates the activity of an enzyme. | 50 |
| GO:0031386 | protein tag | Acting as an indicator or marker to facilitate recognition by other molecules in the cell. Recognition of the tag, which can be covalently attached to the target molecule, may result in modification, sequestration, transport or degradation of the molecule in question. | 48 |
| GO:0045735 | nutrient reservoir activity | Functions in the storage of nutritious substrates. | 41 |
| GO:0016209 | antioxidant activity | Inhibition of the reactions brought about by dioxygen (O2) or peroxides. Usually the antioxidant is effective because it can itself be more easily oxidized than the substance protected. The term is often applied to components that can trap free radicals, thereby breaking the chain reaction that normally leads to extensive biological damage. | 36 |
| GO:0017080 | sodium channel regulator activity | Modulates the activity of a sodium channel. | 35 |
| GO:0030549 | acetylcholine receptor activator activity | Interacting (directly or indirectly) with acetylcholine receptors such that the proportion of receptors in the active form is increased. | 33 |
| GO:0001072 | RNA binding transcription antitermination factor activity | Binds to RNA, typically within the nascent RNA transcript, to promote readthrough of a transcription termination site and thus extending the length of the RNA transcript produced. Examples of antitermination factors which bind the nascent RNA include the lambda N protein and the HIV-1 tat protein. | 25 |
| GO:0001053 | plastid sigma factor activity | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a plastid PEP core RNA polymerase to form a holoenzyme complex and also, while present in the holoenzyme, interacting with promoter sequences in order to confer sequence specific recognition of plastid PEP core promoter DNA sequence motifs. | 25 |
| GO:0005246 | calcium channel regulator activity | Modulates the activity of a calcium channel. | 24 |
| GO:0000991 | core RNA polymerase II binding transcription factor activity | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an RNA polymerase II (Pol II) complex, typically composed of twelve subunits, in order to modulate transcription. A protein binding transcription factor may or may not also interact with the template nucleic acid (either DNA or RNA) as well. | 22 |
| GO:0019855 | calcium channel inhibitor activity | Stops, prevents, or reduces the activity of a calcium channel. | 17 |
| GO:0001106 | RNA polymerase II transcription corepressor activity | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an RNA polymerase II repressing transcription factor and also with the RNA polymerase II basal transcription machinery in order to stop, prevent, or reduce the frequency, rate or extent of transcription. Cofactors generally do not bind DNA, but rather mediate protein-protein interactions between repressive transcription factors and the basal transcription machinery. | 15 |
| GO:0001104 | RNA polymerase II transcription cofactor activity | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) regulatory transcription factor and also with the RNAP II basal transcription machinery in order to modulate transcription. Cofactors generally do not bind DNA, but rather mediate protein-protein interactions between regulatory transcription factors and the basal RNAP II transcription machinery. | 13 |
| GO:0016247 | channel regulator activity | Modulates the activity of a channel. A channel catalyzes energy-independent facilitated diffusion, mediated by passage of a solute through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel. | 11 |
| GO:0045182 | translation regulator activity | Any molecular function involved in the initiation, activation, perpetuation, repression or termination of polypeptide synthesis at the ribosome. | 10 |
| GO:0042056 | chemoattractant activity | Providing the environmental signal that initiates the directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a higher concentration of that signal. | 10 |
| GO:0015459 | potassium channel regulator activity | Modulates the activity of a potassium channel. | 10 |
| GO:0045156 | electron transporter, transferring electrons within the cyclic electron transport pathway of photosynthesis activity | Enables the directed movement of electrons within the cyclic electron transport pathway of photosynthesis. | 6 |
| GO:0001129 | TBP-class protein binding RNA polymerase II transcription factor activity involved in preinitiation complex assembly | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a member of the class of TATA-binding proteins (TBP), including any of the TBP-related factors (TRFs), to facilitate the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins on RNA polymerase II promoter DNA to form the transcriptional preinitiation complex (PIC), the formation of which is a prerequisite for transcription by RNA polymerase. | 5 |
| GO:0030374 | ligand-dependent nuclear receptor transcription coactivator activity | The function of a transcription cofactor that activates transcription in conjuction with a ligand-dependent nuclear receptor from a RNA polymerase II promoter; does not bind DNA itself. | 5 |
| GO:0016530 | metallochaperone activity | Assists in the delivery of metal ions to target proteins or compartments. | 4 |
| GO:0001105 | RNA polymerase II transcription coactivator activity | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) regulatory transcription factor and also with the RNAP II basal transcription machinery in order to increase the frequency, rate or extent of transcription. Cofactors generally do not bind DNA, but rather mediate protein-protein interactions between activating transcription factors and the basal RNAP II transcription machinery. | 4 |
| GO:0030547 | receptor inhibitor activity | The function of interacting (directly or indirectly) with receptors such that the proportion of receptors in the active form is decreased. | 4 |
| GO:0008200 | ion channel inhibitor activity | Stops, prevents, or reduces the activity of an ion channel. | 4 |
| GO:0045155 | electron transporter, transferring electrons from CoQH2-cytochrome c reductase complex and cytochrome c oxidase complex activity | Enables the directed movement of electrons from the CoQH2-cytochrome c reductase complex and the cytochrome c oxidase complex. | 4 |
| GO:0008140 | cAMP response element binding protein binding | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the cAMP response element binding protein. | 3 |
| GO:0046028 | electron transporter, transferring electrons from cytochrome b6/f complex of photosystem II activity | Enables the directed movement of electrons from the cytochrome b6/f complex of photosystem II. | 2 |
| GO:0045157 | electron transporter, transferring electrons within the noncyclic electron transport pathway of photosynthesis activity | Enables the directed movement of electrons within the noncyclic electron transport pathway of photosynthesis. | 2 |
| GO:0019870 | potassium channel inhibitor activity | Stops, prevents, or reduces the activity of a potassium channel. | 2 |
| GO:0001186 | RNA polymerase I transcription factor recruiting transcription factor activity | The function of binding to an RNA polymerase I (RNAP I) transcription factor and recruiting it to the transcription machinery complex in order to modulate transcription by RNAP I. | 2 |
| GO:0001026 | TFIIIB-type transcription factor activity | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an RNA polymerase III (Pol III) complex, typically composed of seventeen subunits, and with another protein, macromolecule, or complex, permitting those molecules to function in a coordinated way, Once recruited to an RNA polymerase III promoter by one or more other transcription factors, binds to DNA, recruits RNA polymerase III and facilitates the transition from the closed to the open complex. | 2 |
| GO:0000988 | protein binding transcription factor activity | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules), in order to modulate transcription. A protein binding transcription factor may or may not also interact with the template nucleic acid (either DNA or RNA) as well. | 2 |
| GO:0001128 | RNA polymerase II transcription coactivator activity involved in preinitiation complex assembly | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) regulatory transcription factor and also with the RNAP II basal transcription machinery in order to increase the frequency, rate or stability of the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins on RNA polymerase II promoter DNA to form the transcriptional preinitiation complex (PIC). Cofactors generally do not bind DNA, but rather mediate protein-protein interactions between activating transcription factors and the basal RNAP II transcription machinery. | 2 |
| GO:0045153 | electron transporter, transferring electrons within CoQH2-cytochrome c reductase complex activity | Enables the directed movement of electrons within the CoQH2-cytochrome c reductase complex. | 1 |
| GO:0000995 | core RNA polymerase III binding transcription factor activity | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an RNA polymerase III (Pol III) complex, typically composed of seventeen subunits, in order to modulate transcription. A protein binding transcription factor may or may not also interact with the template nucleic acid (either DNA or RNA) as well. | 1 |
| GO:0016987 | sigma factor activity | A sigma factor is the promoter specificity subunit of eubacterial-type multisubunit RNA polymerases, those whose core subunit composition is often described as alpha(2)-beta-beta-prime. (This type of multisubunit RNA polymerase complex is known to be found in eubacteria and plant plastids). Although sigma does not bind DNA on its own, when combined with the core to form the holoenzyme, this binds specifically to promoter sequences, with the sigma factor making sequence specific contacts with the promoter elements. The sigma subunit is released from the elongating form of the polymerase and is thus free to act catalytically for multiple RNA polymerase core enzymes. | 1 |
| GO:0019871 | sodium channel inhibitor activity | Stops, prevents, or reduces the activity of a sodium channel. | 1 |