| GOID Link to GO |
Functional Category | Description | Protein Count link to protein list |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0005515 | protein binding | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules). | 4228 |
| GO:0008270 | zinc ion binding | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with zinc (Zn) ions. | 1423 |
| GO:0000287 | magnesium ion binding | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with magnesium (Mg) ions. | 925 |
| GO:0005507 | copper ion binding | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with copper (Cu) ions. | 902 |
| GO:0000166 | nucleotide binding | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a nucleotide, any compound consisting of a nucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the ribose or deoxyribose. | 695 |
| GO:0005509 | calcium ion binding | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with calcium ions (Ca2+). | 507 |
| GO:0005506 | iron ion binding | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with iron (Fe) ions. | 492 |
| GO:0046872 | metal ion binding | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any metal ion. | 451 |
| GO:0030145 | manganese ion binding | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with manganese (Mn) ions. | 360 |
| GO:0020037 | heme binding | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with heme, any compound of iron complexed in a porphyrin (tetrapyrrole) ring. | 348 |
| GO:0003682 | chromatin binding | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with chromatin, the network of fibers of DNA, protein, and sometimes RNA, that make up the chromosomes of the eukaryotic nucleus during interphase. | 315 |
| GO:0042277 | peptide binding | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with peptides, any of a group of organic compounds comprising two or more amino acids linked by peptide bonds. | 293 |
| GO:0003676 | nucleic acid binding | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any nucleic acid. | 288 |
| GO:0050897 | cobalt ion binding | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a cobalt (Co) ion. | 263 |
| GO:0030170 | pyridoxal phosphate binding | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with pyridoxal 5' phosphate, 3-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methyl4-pyridine carboxaldehyde 5' phosphate, the biologically active form of vitamin B6. | 251 |
| GO:0030246 | carbohydrate binding | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any carbohydrate, which includes monosaccharides, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides as well as substances derived from monosaccharides by reduction of the carbonyl group (alditols), by oxidation of one or more hydroxy groups to afford the corresponding aldehydes, ketones, or carboxylic acids, or by replacement of one or more hydroxy group(s) by a hydrogen atom. Cyclitols are generally not regarded as carbohydrates. | 239 |
| GO:0019825 | oxygen binding | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with oxygen (O2). | 196 |
| GO:0043169 | cation binding | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with cations, charged atoms or groups of atoms with a net positive charge. | 183 |
| GO:0008144 | drug binding | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a drug, any naturally occurring or synthetic substance, other than a nutrient, that, when administered or applied to an organism, affects the structure or functioning of the organism; in particular, any such substance used in the diagnosis, prevention, or treatment of disease. | 150 |
| GO:0043295 | glutathione binding | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with glutathione; a tripeptide composed of the three amino acids cysteine, glutamic acid and glycine. | 149 |
| GO:0016597 | amino acid binding | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an amino acid, organic acids containing one or more amino substituents. | 142 |
| GO:0043022 | ribosome binding | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any part of a ribosome. | 139 |
| GO:0008289 | lipid binding | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a lipid. | 129 |
| GO:0097159 | organic cyclic compound binding | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an organic cyclic compound, any molecular entity that contains carbon arranged in a cyclic molecular structure. | 121 |
| GO:0050662 | coenzyme binding | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a coenzyme, any of various nonprotein organic cofactors that are required, in addition to an enzyme and a substrate, for an enzymatic reaction to proceed. | 120 |
| GO:0051539 | 4 iron, 4 sulfur cluster binding | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a 4 iron, 4 sulfur (4Fe-4S) cluster; this cluster consists of four iron atoms, with the inorganic sulfur atoms found between the irons and acting as bridging ligands. | 105 |
| GO:0043168 | anion binding | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with anions, charged atoms or groups of atoms with a net negative charge. | 99 |
| GO:0043021 | ribonucleoprotein complex binding | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any complex of RNA and protein. | 80 |
| GO:1901363 | heterocyclic compound binding | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with heterocyclic compound. | 79 |
| GO:0043167 | ion binding | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with ions, charged atoms or groups of atoms. | 79 |
| GO:0030955 | potassium ion binding | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with potassium (K+) ions. | 73 |
| GO:0051537 | 2 iron, 2 sulfur cluster binding | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a 2 iron, 2 sulfur (2Fe-2S) cluster; this cluster consists of two iron atoms, with two inorganic sulfur atoms found between the irons and acting as bridging ligands. | 65 |
| GO:0005528 | FK506 binding | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the immunosuppressant FK506. | 64 |
| GO:0016151 | nickel cation binding | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with nickel (Ni) cations. | 63 |
| GO:0008198 | ferrous iron binding | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with ferrous iron, Fe(II). | 61 |
| GO:0046914 | transition metal ion binding | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a transition metal ions; a transition metal is an element whose atom has an incomplete d-subshell of extranuclear electrons, or which gives rise to a cation or cations with an incomplete d-subshell. Transition metals often have more than one valency state. Biologically relevant transition metals include vanadium, manganese, iron, copper, cobalt, nickel, molybdenum and silver. | 56 |
| GO:0070324 | thyroid hormone binding | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with thyroxine (T4) or triiodothyronine (T3), tyrosine-based hormones produced by the thyroid gland. | 55 |
| GO:0008139 | nuclear localization sequence binding | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a nuclear localization sequence, a specific peptide sequence that acts as a signal to localize the protein within the nucleus. | 48 |
| GO:0016018 | cyclosporin A binding | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with cyclosporin A, a cyclic undecapeptide that contains several N-methylated and unusual amino acids. | 44 |
| GO:0035276 | ethanol binding | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with ethanol, CH(3)-CH(2)-OH. | 44 |
| GO:0043176 | amine binding | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any organic compound that is weakly basic in character and contains an amino or a substituted amino group. | 44 |
| GO:0016168 | chlorophyll binding | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with chlorophyll; any compound of magnesium complexed in a porphyrin (tetrapyrrole) ring and which functions as a photosynthetic pigment. | 42 |
| GO:0000062 | fatty-acyl-CoA binding | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with acyl-CoA, any derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is in thiolester linkage with a fatty acyl group. | 42 |
| GO:0008061 | chitin binding | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with chitin, a linear polysaccharide consisting of beta-(1->4)-linked N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues. | 39 |
| GO:0000822 | inositol hexakisphosphate binding | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with inositol hexakisphosphate. | 36 |
| GO:0032550 | purine ribonucleoside binding | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a purine ribonucleoside, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to ribose. | 33 |
| GO:0016936 | galactoside binding | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any glycoside in which the sugar group is galactose. | 32 |
| GO:0048038 | quinone binding | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a quinone, any member of a class of diketones derivable from aromatic compounds by conversion of two CH groups into CO groups with any necessary rearrangement of double bonds. | 32 |
| GO:0031409 | pigment binding | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a pigment, any general or particular coloring matter in living organisms, e.g. melanin. | 30 |
| GO:0051536 | iron-sulfur cluster binding | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an iron-sulfur cluster, a combination of iron and sulfur atoms. | 25 |
| GO:0030976 | thiamine pyrophosphate binding | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with thiamine pyrophosphate, the diphosphoric ester of thiamine. Acts as a coenzyme of several (de)carboxylases, transketolases, and alpha-oxoacid dehydrogenases. | 25 |
| GO:0031406 | carboxylic acid binding | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a carboxylic acid, any organic acid containing one or more carboxyl (COOH) groups or anions (COO-). | 24 |
| GO:0043024 | ribosomal small subunit binding | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any part of the small ribosomal subunit. | 23 |
| GO:2001147 | camalexin binding | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with camalexin. | 21 |
| GO:0030151 | molybdenum ion binding | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with molybdenum (Mo) ions. | 21 |
| GO:2001227 | quercitrin binding | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with quercitrin. | 21 |
| GO:0048037 | cofactor binding | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a cofactor, a substance that is required for the activity of an enzyme or other protein. Cofactors may be inorganic, such as the metal atoms zinc, iron, and copper in certain forms, or organic, in which case they are referred to as coenzymes. Cofactors may either be bound tightly to active sites or bind loosely with the substrate. | 20 |
| GO:0043546 | molybdopterin cofactor binding | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the molybdopterin cofactor (Moco), essential for the catalytic activity of some enzymes, e.g. sulfite oxidase, xanthine dehydrogenase, and aldehyde oxidase. The cofactor consists of a mononuclear molybdenum (Mo-molybdopterin) or tungsten ion (W-molybdopterin) coordinated by one or two molybdopterin ligands. | 19 |
| GO:0046870 | cadmium ion binding | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with cadmium (Cd) ions. | 19 |
| GO:0008201 | heparin binding | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with heparin, any member of a group of glycosaminoglycans found mainly as an intracellular component of mast cells and which consist predominantly of alternating alpha-(1->4)-linked D-galactose and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine-6-sulfate residues. | 19 |
| GO:0043023 | ribosomal large subunit binding | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any part of the larger ribosomal subunit. | 18 |
| GO:0000036 | ACP phosphopantetheine attachment site binding involved in fatty acid biosynthetic process | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the attachment site of the phosphopantetheine prosthetic group of an acyl carrier protein (ACP) as part of the process of fatty acid biosynthesis. | 18 |
| GO:0043559 | insulin binding | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with insulin, a polypeptide hormone produced by the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas in mammals, and by the homologous organs of other organisms. | 18 |
| GO:0017046 | peptide hormone binding | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any peptide with hormonal activity in animals. | 17 |
| GO:0042562 | hormone binding | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any hormone, naturally occurring substances secreted by specialized cells that affect the metabolism or behavior of other cells possessing functional receptors for the hormone. | 16 |
| GO:0001540 | beta-amyloid binding | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with beta-amyloid peptide/protein and/or its precursor. | 16 |
| GO:0005046 | KDEL sequence binding | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a KDEL sequence, the C terminus tetrapeptide sequence Lys-Asp-Glu-Leu found in proteins that are to be retained in the endoplasmic reticulum. | 15 |
| GO:0051740 | ethylene binding | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with ethylene (C2-H4, ethene), a simple hydrocarbon gas that can function in plants as a growth regulator. | 15 |
| GO:0005048 | signal sequence binding | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a signal sequence, a specific peptide sequence found on protein precursors or mature proteins that dictates where the mature protein is localized. | 15 |
| GO:0010011 | auxin binding | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with auxin, plant hormones that regulate aspects of plant growth. | 15 |
| GO:0035639 | purine ribonucleoside triphosphate binding | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a purine ribonucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar. | 14 |
| GO:0008199 | ferric iron binding | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with ferric iron, Fe(III). | 14 |
| GO:0016595 | glutamate binding | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with glutamate, the anion of 2-aminopentanedioic acid. | 14 |
| GO:0032549 | ribonucleoside binding | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a ribonucleoside, a compound consisting of a purine or pyrimidine nitrogenous base linked to ribose. | 13 |
| GO:1901149 | salicylic acid binding | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with salicylic acid. | 13 |
| GO:0009940 | amino-terminal vacuolar sorting propeptide binding | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an amino terminal propeptide, which functions as a sorting signal to sort away the soluble vacuolar protein from Golgi to lytic vacuole via clathrin-coated vesicles. | 13 |
| GO:0002055 | adenine binding | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with adenine, a purine base. | 12 |
| GO:0003823 | antigen binding | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an antigen, any substance which is capable of inducing a specific immune response and of reacting with the products of that response, the specific antibody or specifically sensitized T-lymphocytes, or both. Binding may counteract the biological activity of the antigen. | 12 |
| GO:0031403 | lithium ion binding | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with lithium ions (Li+). | 12 |
| GO:0016594 | glycine binding | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with glycine, aminoethanoic acid. | 12 |
| GO:0002060 | purine nucleobase binding | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a purine nucleobase, an organic nitrogenous base with a purine skeleton. | 11 |
| GO:0060090 | binding, bridging | The binding activity of a molecule that brings together two or more molecules through a selective, non-covalent, often stoichiometric interaction, permitting those molecules to function in a coordinated way. | 11 |
| GO:0005047 | signal recognition particle binding | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the signal recognition particle. | 11 |
| GO:0019842 | vitamin binding | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a vitamin, one of a number of unrelated organic substances that occur in many foods in small amounts and that are necessary in trace amounts for the normal metabolic functioning of the body. | 11 |
| GO:0030942 | endoplasmic reticulum signal peptide binding | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an endoplasmic reticulum signal peptide, a specific peptide sequence that acts as a signal to localize the protein within the endoplasmic reticulum. | 11 |
| GO:0042301 | phosphate ion binding | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with phosphate. | 11 |
| GO:0030519 | snoRNP binding | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any part of a small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein particle. | 10 |
| GO:0043177 | organic acid binding | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an organic acid, any acidic compound containing carbon in covalent linkage. | 10 |
| GO:0030975 | thiamine binding | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with thiamine (vitamin B1), a water soluble vitamin present in fresh vegetables and meats, especially liver. | 10 |
| GO:0071890 | bicarbonate binding | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with bicarbonate (CHO3-) ions. | 9 |
| GO:0000035 | acyl binding | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an acyl group, any group formally derived by removal of the hydroxyl group from the acid function of a carboxylic acid. | 9 |
| GO:0042605 | peptide antigen binding | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an antigen peptide. | 9 |
| GO:0048039 | ubiquinone binding | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with ubiquinone, a quinone derivative with a tail of isoprene units. | 9 |
| GO:0010013 | N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid binding | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid, an auxin transport inhibitor. | 9 |
| GO:0046790 | virion binding | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a virion, either by binding to components of the capsid or the viral envelope. | 9 |
| GO:0034618 | arginine binding | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with 2-amino-5-(carbamimidamido)pentanoic acid. | 8 |
| GO:0045340 | mercury ion binding | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with mercury (Hg) ions. | 6 |
| GO:0032791 | lead ion binding | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with lead (Pb) ions. | 6 |
| GO:0016531 | copper chaperone activity | Assists in the delivery of copper ions to target proteins or compartments. | 6 |
| GO:0010209 | vacuolar sorting signal binding | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a vacuolar sorting signal, a specific peptide sequence that acts as a signal to localize the protein within the vacuole. | 6 |
| GO:0031177 | phosphopantetheine binding | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with phosphopantetheine, the vitamin pantetheine 4'-(dihydrogen phosphate). | 5 |
| GO:0009374 | biotin binding | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with biotin (cis-tetrahydro-2-oxothieno(3,4-d)imidazoline-4-valeric acid), the (+) enantiomer of which is very widely distributed in cells and serves as a carrier in a number of enzymatic beta-carboxylation reactions. | 5 |
| GO:0002059 | thymine binding | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with thymine. | 5 |
| GO:2001080 | chitosan binding | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with chitosan. | 5 |
| GO:0005542 | folic acid binding | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with folic acid, pteroylglutamic acid. Folic acid is widely distributed as a member of the vitamin B complex and is essential for the synthesis of purine and pyrimidines. | 5 |
| GO:0070280 | pyridoxal binding | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with pyridoxal, 3-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridine-4-carbaldehyde, a form of vitamin B6. | 5 |
| GO:0031402 | sodium ion binding | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with sodium ions (Na+). | 5 |
| GO:0043544 | lipoamide binding | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with lipoamide, the functional form of lipoic acid in which the carboxyl group is attached to protein by an amide linkage to a lysine amino group. | 5 |
| GO:0002058 | uracil binding | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with uracil. | 5 |
| GO:0070026 | nitric oxide binding | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with nitric oxide (NO). | 5 |
| GO:0036094 | small molecule binding | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a small molecule, any low molecular weight, monomeric, non-encoded molecule. | 4 |
| GO:0045015 | HDEL sequence binding | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a HDEL sequence, the C terminus tetrapeptide sequence His-Asp-Glu-Leu found in proteins that are to be retained in the endoplasmic reticulum. | 4 |
| GO:0070891 | lipoteichoic acid binding | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with lipoteichoic acid. | 3 |
| GO:0005527 | macrolide binding | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a macrolide, any of a large group of structurally related antibiotics produced by Streptomyces species. | 3 |
| GO:0051538 | 3 iron, 4 sulfur cluster binding | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a 3 iron, 4 sulfur (3Fe-4S) cluster; this cluster consists of three iron atoms, with the inorganic sulfur atoms found between the irons and acting as bridging ligands. It is essentially a 4Fe-4S cluster with one iron missing. | 3 |
| GO:0031626 | beta-endorphin binding | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with beta-endorphin, a peptide generated by the cleavage of pro-opiomelanocortin. | 3 |
| GO:0031420 | alkali metal ion binding | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any alkali metal ion; alkali metals are those elements in group Ia of the periodic table, with the exception of hydrogen. | 3 |
| GO:0051871 | dihydrofolic acid binding | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with dihydrofolic acid, a folic acid in which the bicyclic pteridine structure is in the dihydro, partially reduced form; they are intermediates in folate metabolism and are reduced to their tetrahydro, reduced forms. | 3 |
| GO:0035374 | chondroitin sulfate binding | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with chondroitin sulfate, a glycosaminoglycan made up of two alternating monosaccharides: D-glucuronic acid (GlcA) and N-acetyl-D-galactosamine (GalNAc). | 3 |
| GO:0016532 | superoxide dismutase copper chaperone activity | A copper chaperone activity that specifically delivers copper to the Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase. | 2 |
| GO:0033218 | amide binding | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an amide, any derivative of an oxoacid in which an acidic hydroxy group has been replaced by an amino or substituted amino group. | 2 |
| GO:0008430 | selenium binding | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with selenium (Se). | 2 |
| GO:0044373 | cytokinin binding | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a cytokinin, any of a class of adenine-derived compounds that can function in plants as growth regulators. | 2 |
| GO:0046923 | ER retention sequence binding | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) retention sequence, a specific peptide sequence that ensures a protein is retained within the ER. | 2 |
| GO:0042834 | peptidoglycan binding | Interacting selectively and non-covalently, in a non-covalent manner, with peptidoglycan, any of a class of glycoconjugates found in bacterial cell walls. | 2 |
| GO:0070335 | aspartate binding | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with aspartate, the alpha-amino-acid anion of 2-aminobutanedioic acid that has formula C4H5NO4. | 2 |
| GO:0043178 | alcohol binding | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an alcohol, any of a class of alkyl compounds containing a hydroxyl group. | 2 |
| GO:0072341 | modified amino acid binding | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a modified amino acid. | 2 |
| GO:0031404 | chloride ion binding | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with chloride ions (Cl-). | 1 |
| GO:0001883 | purine nucleoside binding | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a purine nucleoside, a compound consisting of a purine base linked either to ribose or deoxyribose. | 1 |
| GO:0072545 | tyrosine binding | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with2-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid. | 1 |
| GO:0033293 | monocarboxylic acid binding | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a monocarboxylic acid, any organic acid containing one carboxyl (COOH) group or anion (COO-). | 1 |
| GO:0000268 | peroxisome targeting sequence binding | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a peroxisomal targeting sequence, any of several sequences of amino acids within a protein that can act as a signal for the localization of the protein into the peroxisome. | 1 |
| GO:0046906 | tetrapyrrole binding | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a tetrapyrrole, a compound containing four pyrrole nuclei variously substituted and linked to each other through carbons at the alpha position. | 1 |
| GO:0034986 | iron chaperone activity | Assists in the delivery of iron ions to target proteins or compartments. | 1 |
| GO:0005053 | peroxisome matrix targeting signal-2 binding | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a type 2 peroxisome targeting signal, a nonapeptide with a broad consensus sequence of (R/K)-(L/V/I)-(XXXXX)-(H/Q)-(L/A/F). | 1 |
| GO:0043515 | kinetochore binding | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a kinetochore, a proteinaceous structure on a condensed chromosome, beside the centromere, to which the spindle fibers are attached. | 1 |