| GOID Link to GO |
Functional Category | Description | Protein Count link to protein list |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0005875 | microtubule associated complex | Any multimeric complex connected to a microtubule. | 1061 |
| GO:0005813 | centrosome | A structure comprised of a core structure (in most organisms, a pair of centrioles) and peripheral material from which a microtubule-based structure, such as a spindle apparatus, is organized. Centrosomes occur close to the nucleus during interphase in many eukaryotic cells, though in animal cells it changes continually during the cell-division cycle. | 812 |
| GO:0044732 | mitotic spindle pole body | The microtubule organizing center on a spindle that forms as part of mitosis; functionally homologous to the animal cell centrosome. | 319 |
| GO:0005819 | spindle | The array of microtubules and associated molecules that forms between opposite poles of a eukaryotic cell during mitosis or meiosis and serves to move the duplicated chromosomes apart. | 297 |
| GO:0005874 | microtubule | Any of the long, generally straight, hollow tubes of internal diameter 12-15 nm and external diameter 24 nm found in a wide variety of eukaryotic cells; each consists (usually) of 13 protofilaments of polymeric tubulin, staggered in such a manner that the tubulin monomers are arranged in a helical pattern on the microtubular surface, and with the alpha/beta axes of the tubulin subunits parallel to the long axis of the tubule; exist in equilibrium with pool of tubulin monomers and can be rapidly assembled or disassembled in response to physiological stimuli; concerned with force generation, e.g. in the spindle. | 238 |
| GO:0005816 | spindle pole body | The microtubule organizing center in fungi; functionally homologous to the animal cell centrosome. | 219 |
| GO:0015630 | microtubule cytoskeleton | The part of the cytoskeleton (the internal framework of a cell) composed of microtubules and associated proteins. | 216 |
| GO:0015629 | actin cytoskeleton | The part of the cytoskeleton (the internal framework of a cell) composed of actin and associated proteins. Includes actin cytoskeleton-associated complexes. | 205 |
| GO:0005876 | spindle microtubule | Any microtubule that is part of a mitotic or meiotic spindle; anchored at one spindle pole. | 190 |
| GO:0072686 | mitotic spindle | A spindle that forms as part of mitosis. Mitotic and meiotic spindles contain distinctive complements of proteins associated with microtubules. | 177 |
| GO:0045111 | intermediate filament cytoskeleton | Cytoskeletal structure made from intermediate filaments, typically organized in the cytosol as an extended system that stretches from the nuclear envelope to the plasma membrane. Some intermediate filaments run parallel to the cell surface, while others traverse the cytosol; together they form an internal framework that helps support the shape and resilience of the cell. | 174 |
| GO:0014069 | postsynaptic density | The post synaptic density is a region that lies adjacent to the cytoplasmic face of the postsynaptic membrane at excitatory synapse. It forms a disc that consists of a range of proteins with different functions, some of which contact the cytoplasmic domains of ion channels in the postsynaptic membrane. The proteins making up the disc include receptors, and structural proteins linked to the actin cytoskeleton. They also include signalling machinery, such as protein kinases and phosphatases. | 163 |
| GO:0044430 | cytoskeletal part | Any constituent part of the cytoskeleton, a cellular scaffolding or skeleton that maintains cell shape, enables some cell motion (using structures such as flagella and cilia), and plays important roles in both intra-cellular transport (e.g. the movement of vesicles and organelles) and cellular division. Includes constituent parts of intermediate filaments, microfilaments, microtubules, and the microtrabecular lattice. | 144 |
| GO:0005815 | microtubule organizing center | An intracellular structure that can catalyze gamma-tubulin-dependent microtubule nucleation and that can anchor microtubules by interacting with their minus ends, plus ends or sides. | 140 |
| GO:0005814 | centriole | A cellular organelle, found close to the nucleus in many eukaryotic cells, consisting of a small cylinder with microtubular walls, 300-500 nm long and 150-250 nm in diameter. It contains nine short, parallel, peripheral microtubular fibrils, each fibril consisting of one complete microtubule fused to two incomplete microtubules. Cells usually have two centrioles, lying at right angles to each other. At division, each pair of centrioles generates another pair and the twin pairs form the pole of the mitotic spindle. | 132 |
| GO:0005871 | kinesin complex | Any complex that includes a dimer of molecules from the kinesin superfamily, a group of related proteins that contain an extended region of predicted alpha-helical coiled coil in the main chain that likely produces dimerization. The native complexes of several kinesin family members have also been shown to contain additional peptides, often designated light chains as all of the noncatalytic subunits that are currently known are smaller than the chain that contains the motor unit. Kinesin complexes generally possess a force-generating enzymatic activity, or motor, which converts the free energy of the gamma phosphate bond of ATP into mechanical work. | 131 |
| GO:0000235 | astral microtubule | Any of the spindle microtubules that radiate in all directions from the spindle poles and are thought to contribute to the forces that separate the poles and position them in relation to the rest of the cell. | 127 |
| GO:0005932 | microtubule basal body | A short cylindrical array of microtubules and associated proteins found at the base of a eukaryotic cilium or flagellum that is similar in structure to a centriole. The basal body serves as a nucleation site for axoneme growth. | 126 |
| GO:0009574 | preprophase band | A dense band of microtubules, 1-3 pm wide, that appears just beneath the cell membrane before the start of cell division in the cells of higher plants. It precedes the onset of prophase and then disappears as mitosis begins, yet it somehow determines the plane of orientation of the new cell plate forming in late telophase and marks the zone of the parental cell wall where fusion with the growing cell plate ultimately occurs. | 115 |
| GO:0051233 | spindle midzone | The area in the center of the spindle where the spindle microtubules from opposite poles overlap. | 109 |
| GO:0000922 | spindle pole | Either of the ends of a spindle, where spindle microtubules are organized; usually contains a microtubule organizing center and accessory molecules, spindle microtubules and astral microtubules. | 96 |
| GO:0010005 | cortical microtubule, transverse to long axis | Arrays of microtubules underlying and connected to the plasma membrane, in the cortical cytosol, oriented mainly with their axes transverse to the long axis of the cell (and root in plants). In plants it influences the direction of cellulose microfibril deposition. | 93 |
| GO:0005881 | cytoplasmic microtubule | Any microtubule in the cytoplasm of a cell. | 90 |
| GO:0005884 | actin filament | A filamentous structure formed of a two-stranded helical polymer of the protein actin and associated proteins. Actin filaments are a major component of the contractile apparatus of skeletal muscle and the microfilaments of the cytoskeleton of eukaryotic cells. The filaments, comprising polymerized globular actin molecules, appear as flexible structures with a diameter of 5-9 nm. They are organized into a variety of linear bundles, two-dimensional networks, and three dimensional gels. In the cytoskeleton they are most highly concentrated in the cortex of the cell just beneath the plasma membrane. | 82 |
| GO:0005940 | septin ring | A tight ring-shaped structure that forms in the division plane at the site of cytokinesis; composed of members of the conserved family of filament-forming proteins called septins as well as septin-associated proteins. This type of septin structure is observed at the bud neck of budding fungal cells, at the site of cell division in animal cells, at the junction between the mother cell and a pseudohyphal projection, and also within hyphae of filamentous fungi at sites where a septum will form. | 80 |
| GO:0005826 | actomyosin contractile ring | A cytoskeletal structure composed of actin filaments and myosin that forms beneath the plasma membrane of many cells, including animal cells and yeast cells, in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the spindle, i.e. the cell division plane. Ring contraction is associated with centripetal growth of the membrane that divides the cytoplasm of the two daughter cells. In animal cells, the contractile ring is located inside the plasma membrane at the location of the cleavage furrow. In budding fungal cells, e.g. mitotic S. cerevisiae cells, the contractile ring forms beneath the plasma membrane at the mother-bud neck before mitosis. | 64 |
| GO:0031941 | filamentous actin | A two-stranded helical polymer of the protein actin. | 61 |
| GO:0030479 | actin cortical patch | A discrete actin-containing structure found at the plasma membrane in cells, at sites of endocytosis; formed of networks of branched actin filaments that lie just beneath the plasma membrane and assemble, move, and disassemble rapidly. An example of this is the actin cortical patch found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. | 56 |
| GO:0030478 | actin cap | Polarized accumulation of cytoskeletal proteins (including F-actin) and regulatory proteins in a cell. An example of this is the actin cap found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. | 56 |
| GO:0055028 | cortical microtubule | Arrays of microtubules underlying and connected to the plasma membrane in the cortical cytosol. | 49 |
| GO:0001725 | stress fiber | A contractile actin filament bundle that consists of short actin filaments with alternating polarity, cross-linked by alpha-actinin and possibly other actin bundling proteins, and with myosin present in a periodic distribution along the fiber. | 49 |
| GO:0071817 | MMXD complex | A protein complex that contains the proteins MMS19, MIP18 and XPD, localizes to mitotic spindle during mitosis, and is required for proper chromosome segregation. | 46 |
| GO:0005879 | axonemal microtubule | A microtubule in the axoneme of a cilium or flagellum; an axoneme contains nine modified doublet microtubules surrounding a pair of single microtubules. | 45 |
| GO:0005828 | kinetochore microtubule | Any of the spindle microtubules that attach to the kinetochores of chromosomes by their plus ends, and maneuver the chromosomes during mitotic or meiotic chromosome segregation. | 37 |
| GO:0005880 | nuclear microtubule | Any microtubule in the nucleus of a cell. | 33 |
| GO:0000242 | pericentriolar material | A network of small fibers that surrounds the centrioles in cells; contains the microtubule nucleating activity of the centrosome. | 32 |
| GO:0005868 | cytoplasmic dynein complex | Any dynein complex that catalyzes movement along a cytoplasmic microtubule; cytoplasmic dynein complexes participates in many transport activities in eukaryotes, such as mRNA localization, intermediate filament transport, nuclear envelope breakdown, apoptosis, transport of centrosomal proteins, mitotic spindle assembly, virus transport, kinetochore functions, and movement of signaling and spindle checkpoint proteins. Subunits associated with the dynein heavy chain mediate association between dynein heavy chain and cargoes,and may include light chains and light intermediate chains. | 31 |
| GO:0005818 | aster | An array of microtubules emanating from a spindle pole MTOC that do not connect to kinetochores. | 29 |
| GO:0005885 | Arp2/3 protein complex | A stable protein complex that contains two actin-related proteins, Arp2 and Arp3, and five novel proteins (ARPC1-5), and functions in the nucleation of branched actin filaments. | 28 |
| GO:0005827 | polar microtubule | Any of the spindle microtubules that come from each pole and overlap at the spindle midzone. This interdigitating structure consisting of antiparallel microtubules is responsible for pushing the poles of the spindle apart. | 27 |
| GO:0005865 | striated muscle thin filament | Filaments formed of actin and associated proteins; attached to Z discs at either end of sarcomeres in myofibrils. | 27 |
| GO:0042641 | actomyosin | Any complex of actin, myosin, and accessory proteins. | 27 |
| GO:0045298 | tubulin complex | A heterodimer of tubulins alpha and beta that constitutes the protomer for microtubule assembly. | 26 |
| GO:0005861 | troponin complex | A complex of accessory proteins (typically troponin T, troponin I and troponin C) found associated with actin in muscle thin filaments; involved in calcium regulation of muscle contraction. | 25 |
| GO:0005869 | dynactin complex | A 20S multiprotein assembly of total mass about 1.2 MDa that activates dynein-based activity in vivo. A large structural component of the complex is an actin-like 40 nm filament composed of actin-related protein, to which other components attach. | 25 |
| GO:0005823 | central plaque of spindle pole body | One of three laminate structures that form the spindle pole body; the central plaque is embedded in the nuclear envelope. | 25 |
| GO:0016460 | myosin II complex | A myosin complex containing two class II myosin heavy chains, two myosin essential light chains and two myosin regulatory light chains. Also known as classical myosin or conventional myosin, the myosin II class includes the major muscle myosin of vertebrate and invertebrate muscle, and is characterized by alpha-helical coiled coil tails that self assemble to form a variety of filament structures. | 23 |
| GO:0042643 | actomyosin, actin part | The actin part of any complex of actin, myosin, and accessory proteins. | 23 |
| GO:0070865 | investment cone | A cytoskeletal part that consists of a microfilament-rich cone that forms round each nucleus in a spermatogenic cyst and translocates the length of the cyst during sperm individualization. | 23 |
| GO:0000142 | cellular bud neck contractile ring | A contractile ring, i.e. a cytoskeletal structure composed of actin filaments and myosin, that forms beneath the plasma membrane at the mother-bud neck in mitotic cells that divide by budding in preparation for completing cytokinesis. An example of this structure is found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. | 22 |
| GO:0032133 | chromosome passenger complex | A eukaryotically conserved protein complex that localizes to kinetochores in early mitosis, the spindle mid-zone in anaphase B and to the telophase midbody. It has been proposed that the passenger complex coordinates various events based on its location to different structures during the course of mitosis. Complex members include the BIR-domain-containing protein Survivin, Aurora B kinase, INCENP and Borealin. | 19 |
| GO:0031476 | myosin VI complex | A myosin complex containing one or more class VI myosin heavy chains and associated light chains. Myosin VI has a single IQ motif in the neck and a tail region with a coiled coil domain followed by a unique globular domain; a unique insertion that enables myosin VI to move towards the pointed or minus end of actin filaments. | 19 |
| GO:0005825 | half bridge of spindle pole body | Structure adjacent to the plaques of the spindle pole body. | 18 |
| GO:0031475 | myosin V complex | A myosin complex containing a dimer of class V myosin heavy chains and associated light chains; involved in intracellular transport. Myosin V is a dimeric molecule consisting of conserved motor domains followed by 6 IQ motifs which bind specific light chains and calmodulin. The tail domain is important for cellular localization and cargo binding and can be divided into an alpha-helical coiled coil region and a C-terminal globular region. | 18 |
| GO:0016459 | myosin complex | A protein complex, formed of one or more myosin heavy chains plus associated light chains and other proteins, that functions as a molecular motor; uses the energy of ATP hydrolysis to move actin filaments or to move vesicles or other cargo on fixed actin filaments; has magnesium-ATPase activity and binds actin. Myosin classes are distinguished based on sequence features of the motor, or head, domain, but also have distinct tail regions that are believed to bind specific cargoes. | 17 |
| GO:0005859 | muscle myosin complex | A filament of myosin found in a muscle cell of any type. | 15 |
| GO:0016461 | unconventional myosin complex | A portmanteau term for myosins other than myosin II. | 14 |
| GO:0032432 | actin filament bundle | An assembly of actin filaments that are on the same axis but may be oriented with the same or opposite polarities and may be packed with different levels of tightness. | 14 |
| GO:0005882 | intermediate filament | A cytoskeletal structure that forms a distinct elongated structure, characteristically 10 nm in diameter, that occurs in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells. Intermediate filaments form a fibrous system, composed of chemically heterogeneous subunits and involved in mechanically integrating the various components of the cytoplasmic space. Intermediate filaments may be divided into five chemically distinct classes: Type I, acidic keratins; Type II, basic keratins; Type III, including desmin, vimentin and others; Type IV, neurofilaments and related filaments; and Type V, lamins. | 13 |
| GO:0001533 | cornified envelope | An insoluble protein structure formed under the plasma membrane of cornifying epithelial cells. | 12 |
| GO:0000930 | gamma-tubulin complex | A multiprotein complex composed of gamma-tubulin and other non-tubulin proteins. Gamma-tubulin complexes are localized to microtubule organizing centers, and play an important role in the nucleation of microtubules. The number and complexity of non-tubulin proteins associated with these complexes varies between species. | 12 |
| GO:0030981 | cortical microtubule cytoskeleton | The portion of the microtubule cytoskeleton that lies just beneath the plasma membrane. | 11 |
| GO:0071958 | new mitotic spindle pole body | The spindle pole body that is formed by spindle pole body duplication, and to which proteins involved in mitotic exit signaling (for example, the septation initiation network in fission yeast) localize. | 10 |
| GO:0032982 | myosin filament | A protein complex containing myosin heavy chains, plus associated light chains and other proteins, in which the myosin heavy chains are arranged into a filament. | 10 |
| GO:0030864 | cortical actin cytoskeleton | The portion of the actin cytoskeleton, comprising filamentous actin and associated proteins, that lies just beneath the plasma membrane. | 10 |
| GO:0005638 | lamin filament | Any of a group of intermediate-filament proteins that form the fibrous matrix on the inner surface of the nuclear envelope. They are classified as lamins A, B and C. | 9 |
| GO:0000923 | equatorial microtubule organizing center | A microtubule organizing center formed by a band of gamma-tubulin that is recruited to a circumferential band of F-actin at the midpoint of a cell and which nucleates microtubules from the cell division site at the end of mitosis. | 9 |
| GO:0044450 | microtubule organizing center part | Any constituent part of a microtubule organizing center, a region in a eukaryotic cell, such as a centrosome or basal body, from which microtubules grow. | 8 |
| GO:0005863 | striated muscle myosin thick filament | Bipolar filaments formed of polymers of a muscle-specific myosin II isoform, found in the middle of sarcomeres in myofibrils. | 8 |
| GO:0034451 | centriolar satellite | A small (70-100 nm) cytoplasmic granule that contains a number of centrosomal proteins; centriolar satellites traffic toward microtubule minus ends and are enriched near the centrosome. | 8 |
| GO:0045160 | myosin I complex | A myosin complex containing a class I myosin heavy chain and associated light chains; myosin I heavy chains are single-headed, possess tails of various lengths, and do not self-associate into bipolar filaments; myosin I complexes are involved in diverse processes related to membrane traffic and cell movement. | 6 |
| GO:0031477 | myosin VII complex | A myosin complex containing a dimer of class VII myosin heavy chains and associated light chains. Myosin VII (240 kDa) is predicted to be a dimeric molecule with 5 IQ motifs and a tail region with a short stretch of coiled coil followed by two myosin-tail homology (MyTH4) domains, two talin-binding (FERM) domains and an SH3-domain. | 6 |
| GO:0035371 | microtubule plus end | The growing (plus) end of a microtubule. In vitro, microtubules polymerize more quickly at the plus end than at the minus end. In vivo, microtubule growth occurs only at the plus end, and the plus end switches between periods of growth and shortening, a behavior known as dynamic instability. | 6 |
| GO:0097431 | mitotic spindle pole | Either of the ends of a mitotic spindle, a spindle that forms as part of mitosis, where spindle microtubules are organized; usually contains a microtubule organizing center and accessory molecules, spindle microtubules and astral microtubules. | 6 |
| GO:0031616 | spindle pole centrosome | A centrosome from which one pole of a mitotic or meiotic spindle is organized. | 5 |
| GO:0072687 | meiotic spindle | A spindle that forms as part of meiosis. Several proteins, such as budding yeast Spo21p, fission yeast Spo2 and Spo13, and C. elegans mei-1, localize specifically to the meiotic spindle and are absent from the mitotic spindle. | 5 |
| GO:0031002 | actin rod | A cellular structure consisting of parallel, hexagonally arranged actin tubules, comprising filamentous actin and associated proteins. Found in the germinating spores of Dictyostelium discoideum. | 3 |
| GO:0030863 | cortical cytoskeleton | The portion of the cytoskeleton that lies just beneath the plasma membrane. | 3 |
| GO:0008274 | gamma-tubulin ring complex | A multiprotein complex composed of gamma-tubulin and other non-tubulin proteins that forms a flexible open ring structure thought to be the unit of nucleation at the minus end of a microtubule. | 3 |
| GO:0016939 | kinesin II complex | A complex consisting of two distinct motor subunits that form a heterodimer complexed with a third non-motor accessory subunit, the kinesin associated protein or KAP; the KIF3 heterodimer interacts via its C-terminal portion with KAP, which is thought to regulate the binding of the motor to cargo membranes. | 2 |
| GO:0005872 | minus-end kinesin complex | Any complex that includes a dimer of molecules from the kinesin superfamily and any associated proteins, and moves towards the minus end of a microtubule. | 2 |
| GO:0008290 | F-actin capping protein complex | A heterodimer consisting of alpha and beta subunits that binds to and caps the barbed ends of actin filaments, thereby regulating the polymerization of actin monomers but not severing actin filaments. | 2 |
| GO:0002102 | podosome | An actin-rich adhesion structure characterized by formation upon cell substrate contact and localization at the substrate-attached part of the cell, contain an F-actin-rich core surrounded by a ring structure containing proteins such as vinculin and talin, and have a diameter of 0.5 mm. | 2 |
| GO:0005822 | inner plaque of spindle pole body | One of three laminate structures that form the spindle pole body; the inner plaque is in the nucleus. | 1 |
| GO:0005824 | outer plaque of spindle pole body | One of three laminate structures that form the spindle pole body; the outer plaque is in the cytoplasm. | 1 |
| GO:1990023 | mitotic spindle midzone | The area in the center of the mitotic spindle where the spindle microtubules from opposite poles overlap. | 1 |
| GO:0031592 | centrosomal corona | An amorphous structure surrounding the core of the centrosome, from which microtubules are nucleated; contains gamma-tubulin. | 1 |
| GO:0070652 | HAUS complex | A protein complex that localizes to interphase centrosomes and to mitotic spindle tubules and regulates mitotic spindle assembly and centrosome integrity; in human, the complex consists of eight subunits, some of which are homologous to subunits of the Drosophila Augmin complex. | 1 |
| GO:0000928 | gamma-tubulin small complex, spindle pole body | A complex composed of two gamma-tubulin molecules and conserved non-tubulin proteins located in the spindle pole body and isolated by fractionation from cells. The complex, approximately 6S-9S, is analogous to the small complex in animal cells but contains fewer subunits, and is not thought to multimerize into larger functional units, like complexes in those organisms. An example of this structure is found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. | 1 |