| GOID Link to GO |
Functional Category | Description | Protein Count link to protein list |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0006096 | glycolysis | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a monosaccharide (generally glucose) into pyruvate, with the concomitant production of a small amount of ATP. Glycolysis begins with phosphorylation of a monosaccharide (generally glucose) on the sixth carbon by a hexokinase, and ends with the production of pyruvate. Pyruvate may be converted to ethanol, lactate, or other small molecules, or fed into the TCA cycle. | 786 |
| GO:0010207 | photosystem II assembly | The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a photosystem II complex on the thylakoid membrane. The photosystem II complex consists of at least 20 polypeptides and around 80 cofactors in most organisms. | 261 |
| GO:0006099 | tricarboxylic acid cycle | A nearly universal metabolic pathway in which the acetyl group of acetyl coenzyme A is effectively oxidized to two CO2 and four pairs of electrons are transferred to coenzymes. The acetyl group combines with oxaloacetate to form citrate, which undergoes successive transformations to isocitrate, 2-oxoglutarate, succinyl-CoA, succinate, fumarate, malate, and oxaloacetate again, thus completing the cycle. In eukaryotes the tricarboxylic acid is confined to the mitochondria. See also glyoxylate cycle. | 208 |
| GO:0019684 | photosynthesis, light reaction | The light reactions of photosynthesis, which take place in photosystems II and I. Light energy is harvested and used to power the transfer of electrons among a series of electron donors and acceptors. The final electron acceptor is NADP+, which is reduced to NADPH. NADPH generated from light reactions is used in sugar synthesis in dark reactions. Light reactions also generate a proton motive force across the thylakoid membrane, and the proton gradient is used to synthesize ATP. There are two chemical reactions involved in the light reactions: water oxidation in photosystem II, and NADP reduction in photosystem I. | 180 |
| GO:0005977 | glycogen metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycogen, a polydisperse, highly branched glucan composed of chains of D-glucose residues in alpha-(1->4) glycosidic linkage, joined together by alpha-(1->6) glycosidic linkages. | 136 |
| GO:0009060 | aerobic respiration | The enzymatic release of energy from organic compounds (especially carbohydrates and fats) which requires oxygen as the terminal electron acceptor. | 117 |
| GO:0009773 | photosynthetic electron transport in photosystem I | A photosynthetic electron transport chain in which electrons move from the primary electron acceptor (Quinone, X) through a chain of electron transport molecules in the thylakoid membrane until they reach ferredoxin which passes the electron to the ultimate electron acceptor; NADP. | 80 |
| GO:0006113 | fermentation | The anaerobic enzymatic conversion of organic compounds, especially carbohydrates, to other compounds, especially to ethyl alcohol, yielding energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). | 72 |
| GO:0006112 | energy reserve metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways by which a cell derives energy from stored compounds such as fats or glycogen. | 65 |
| GO:0022904 | respiratory electron transport chain | A process in which a series of electron carriers operate together to transfer electrons from donors such as NADH and FADH2 to any of several different terminal electron acceptors to generate a transmembrane electrochemical gradient. | 59 |
| GO:0009061 | anaerobic respiration | The enzymatic release of energy from organic compounds (especially carbohydrates and fats) which uses compounds other than oxygen (e.g. nitrate, sulfate) as the terminal electron acceptor. | 56 |
| GO:0045333 | cellular respiration | The enzymatic release of energy from organic compounds (especially carbohydrates and fats) which either requires oxygen (aerobic respiration) or does not (anaerobic respiration). | 47 |
| GO:0005980 | glycogen catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycogen, a polydisperse, highly branched glucan composed of chains of D-glucose residues. | 46 |
| GO:0010206 | photosystem II repair | Proteolysis of the damaged D1 protein and re-assembly of a new D1 subunit in the photosystem II following photoinhibition. | 36 |
| GO:0022900 | electron transport chain | A process in which a series of electron carriers operate together to transfer electrons from donors to any of several different terminal electron acceptors to generate a transmembrane electrochemical gradient. | 30 |
| GO:0009768 | photosynthesis, light harvesting in photosystem I | After a photon of light is absorbed by one of the many chlorophyll molecules, in one of the light-harvesting complexes of an antenna on photosystem I, some of the absorbed energy is transferred to the pair of chlorophyll molecules in the reaction center. | 28 |
| GO:0006120 | mitochondrial electron transport, NADH to ubiquinone | The transfer of electrons from NADH to ubiquinone that occurs during oxidative phosphorylation, mediated by the multisubunit enzyme known as complex I. | 28 |
| GO:0005978 | glycogen biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycogen, a polydisperse, highly branched glucan composed of chains of D-glucose residues. | 26 |
| GO:0009767 | photosynthetic electron transport chain | A process, occurring as part of photosynthesis, in which light provides the energy for a series of electron carriers to operate together to transfer electrons and generate a transmembrane electrochemical gradient. | 19 |
| GO:0009765 | photosynthesis, light harvesting | Absorption and transfer of the energy absorbed from light photons between photosystem reaction centers. | 18 |
| GO:0006122 | mitochondrial electron transport, ubiquinol to cytochrome c | The transfer of electrons from ubiquinol to cytochrome c that occurs during oxidative phosphorylation, mediated by the multisubunit enzyme known as complex III. | 17 |
| GO:0009769 | photosynthesis, light harvesting in photosystem II | After a photon of light is absorbed by one of the many chlorophyll molecules, in one of the light-harvesting complexes of an antenna on photosystem II, some of the absorbed energy is transferred to the pair of chlorophyll molecules in the reaction center. | 17 |
| GO:0043458 | ethanol biosynthetic process involved in glucose fermentation to ethanol | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ethanol, CH3-CH2-OH, as part of the process of glucose catabolism to ethanol, CO2 and ATP. | 14 |
| GO:0006119 | oxidative phosphorylation | The phosphorylation of ADP to ATP that accompanies the oxidation of a metabolite through the operation of the respiratory chain. Oxidation of compounds establishes a proton gradient across the membrane, providing the energy for ATP synthesis. | 14 |
| GO:0010230 | alternative respiration | Alternative respiration pathway consumes oxygen, oxidizes NADH to NAD+ and generates water. During electron flow, proton motive force is diminished resulting in fewer molecules of ATP compared to cytochrome pathway. The pathway is found in plants, algae and some protozoa. | 14 |
| GO:0048564 | photosystem I assembly | The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a photosystem I complex on the thylakoid membrane. | 12 |
| GO:0009772 | photosynthetic electron transport in photosystem II | A photosynthetic electron transport chain in which electrons move from the primary electron acceptor (Quinone, Q) through a chain of electron transport molecules in the thylakoid membrane until they reach the ultimate electron acceptor of Photosystem II, which is plastocyanin (PC). The electron is then passed to the P700 chlorophyll a molecules of the reaction centre of photosystem I. | 11 |
| GO:0015980 | energy derivation by oxidation of organic compounds | The chemical reactions and pathways by which a cell derives energy from organic compounds; results in the oxidation of the compounds from which energy is released. | 11 |
| GO:0019646 | aerobic electron transport chain | A process in which a series of electron carriers operate together to transfer electrons from donors such as NADH and FADH2 to oxygen to generate a transmembrane electrochemical gradient. | 9 |
| GO:0006121 | mitochondrial electron transport, succinate to ubiquinone | The transfer of electrons from succinate to ubiquinone that occurs during oxidative phosphorylation, mediated by the multisubunit enzyme known as complex II. | 8 |
| GO:0015948 | methanogenesis | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of methane, a colorless, odorless, flammable gas with the formula CH4. It is the simplest of the alkanes. | 8 |
| GO:0010270 | photosystem II oxygen evolving complex assembly | The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the oxygen evolving complex (OEC) of photosystem II on a thylakoid membrane. The OEC protects the calcium-4 manganese-5 oxide cluster which is bound to the D1 and CP43 proteins. The exact protein composition of the OEC varies between cyanobacteria and plants, and in plants consists of three extrinsic nuclear-encoded polypeptides: PsbO, PsbP and PsbQ. | 7 |
| GO:0010478 | chlororespiration | A respiratory electron flow (from NAD(P)H to plastoquinone (PQ) and O2) involving both a nonphotochemical reduction and re-oxidation of PQ pool. | 6 |
| GO:0019655 | glucose catabolic process to ethanol | The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucose; it is converted into ethanol and carbon dioxide (CO2), producing two molecules of ATP for each molecule of glucose. | 4 |
| GO:0006123 | mitochondrial electron transport, cytochrome c to oxygen | The transfer of electrons from cytochrome c to oxygen that occurs during oxidative phosphorylation, mediated by the multisubunit enzyme known as complex IV. | 3 |
| GO:0006127 | glycerophosphate shuttle | The process of transferring reducing equivalents from the cytosol into the mitochondria; NADH is used to synthesise glycerol 3-phosphate in the cytosol; this compound is then transported into the mitochondria where it is converted to dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) using FAD; DHAP then returns to the cytosol to complete the cycle. | 3 |
| GO:0019654 | acetate fermentation | The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetate, yielding energy in the form of ATP. | 2 |
| GO:0042773 | ATP synthesis coupled electron transport | The transfer of electrons through a series of electron donors and acceptors, generating energy that is ultimately used for synthesis of ATP. | 1 |
| GO:0009780 | photosynthetic NADP+ reduction | An NADPH regeneration process that contributes to the light reactions of photosynthesis. The light reactions of photosynthesis use energy from photons to generate high-energy electrons. These electrons are used directly to reduce NADP+ to NADPH. NADPH is a relatively stable molecule and can pass on its hydrogen atom to other molecules in chemical reactions. | 1 |
| GO:0042775 | mitochondrial ATP synthesis coupled electron transport | The transfer of electrons through a series of electron donors and acceptors, generating energy that is ultimately used for synthesis of ATP, as it occurs in the mitochondrial inner membrane or chloroplast thylakoid membrane. | 1 |