Go terms map to parent GO term: GO:0006139   nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process
GOID
Link to GO
 Functional Category Description Protein Count
link to
protein list
GO:0006200 ATP catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ATP, adenosine 5'-triphosphate, a universally important coenzyme and enzyme regulator. 552
GO:0006364 rRNA processing Any process involved in the conversion of a primary ribosomal RNA (rRNA) transcript into one or more mature rRNA molecules. 546
GO:0006098 pentose-phosphate shunt The process in which glucose is oxidized, coupled to NADPH synthesis. Glucose 6-P is oxidized with the formation of carbon dioxide (CO2), ribulose 5-phosphate and reduced NADP; ribulose 5-P then enters a series of reactions interconverting sugar phosphates. The pentose phosphate pathway is a major source of reducing equivalents for biosynthesis reactions and is also important for the conversion of hexoses to pentoses. 394
GO:0000184 nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, nonsense-mediated decay The nonsense-mediated decay pathway for nuclear-transcribed mRNAs degrades mRNAs in which an amino-acid codon has changed to a nonsense codon; this prevents the translation of such mRNAs into truncated, and potentially harmful, proteins. 388
GO:0001510 RNA methylation Posttranscriptional addition of a methyl group to either a nucleotide or 2'-O ribose in a polyribonucleotide. Usually uses S-adenosylmethionine as a cofactor. 324
GO:0006184 GTP catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of GTP, guanosine triphosphate. 308
GO:0000394 RNA splicing, via endonucleolytic cleavage and ligation Splicing of RNA via recognition of the folded RNA structure that brings the 5' and 3' splice sites into proximity and cleavage of the RNA at both the 3' and 5' splice sites by an endonucleolytic mechanism, followed by ligation of the exons. 282
GO:0006351 transcription, DNA-dependent The cellular synthesis of RNA on a template of DNA. 263
GO:0019083 viral transcription The mechanisms involved in viral gene transcription, especially referring to those with temporal properties unique to viral transcription. 257
GO:0009220 pyrimidine ribonucleotide biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a pyrimidine ribonucleotide, a compound consisting of nucleoside (a pyrimidine base linked to a ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar. 197
GO:0000956 nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nuclear-transcribed mRNAs in eukaryotic cells. 197
GO:0006396 RNA processing Any process involved in the conversion of one or more primary RNA transcripts into one or more mature RNA molecules. 190
GO:0008380 RNA splicing The process of removing sections of the primary RNA transcript to remove sequences not present in the mature form of the RNA and joining the remaining sections to form the mature form of the RNA. 170
GO:0006367 transcription initiation from RNA polymerase II promoter Any process involved in the assembly of the RNA polymerase II preinitiation complex (PIC) at an RNA polymerase II promoter region of a DNA template, resulting in the subsequent synthesis of RNA from that promoter. The initiation phase includes PIC assembly and the formation of the first few bonds in the RNA chain, including abortive initiation, which occurs when the first few nucleotides are repeatedly synthesized and then released. Promoter clearance, or release, is the transition between the initiation and elongation phases of transcription. 164
GO:0016071 mRNA metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving mRNA, messenger RNA, which is responsible for carrying the coded genetic 'message', transcribed from DNA, to sites of protein assembly at the ribosomes. 159
GO:0000398 mRNA splicing, via spliceosome The joining together of exons from one or more primary transcripts of messenger RNA (mRNA) and the excision of intron sequences, via a spliceosomal mechanism, so that mRNA consisting only of the joined exons is produced. 156
GO:0006397 mRNA processing Any process involved in the conversion of a primary mRNA transcript into one or more mature mRNA(s) prior to translation into polypeptide. 156
GO:0080156 mitochondrial mRNA modification The covalent alteration within the mitochondrion of one or more nucleotides within an mRNA to produce an mRNA molecule with a sequence that differs from that coded genetically. 135
GO:0006366 transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter The synthesis of RNA from a DNA template by RNA polymerase II, originating at an RNA polymerase II promoter. Includes transcription of messenger RNA (mRNA) and certain small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). 132
GO:0031425 chloroplast RNA processing The conversion of a primary RNA molecule transcribed from a chloroplast genome into one or more mature RNA molecules. 132
GO:0042793 transcription from plastid promoter The synthesis of RNA from a plastid DNA template, usually by a specific plastid RNA polymerase. 131
GO:0042138 meiotic DNA double-strand break formation The cell cycle process in which double-strand breaks are generated at defined hotspots throughout the genome during meiosis I. This results in the initiation of meiotic recombination. 127
GO:0035196 production of miRNAs involved in gene silencing by miRNA Cleavage of stem-loop RNA precursors into microRNAs (miRNAs), a class of small RNAs that primarily silence genes by blocking the translation of mRNA transcripts into protein. 127
GO:0010267 production of ta-siRNAs involved in RNA interference Cleavage of double-stranded RNA to form trans-acting small interfering RNA molecules (siRNAs) of 21-23 nucleotides. ta-siRNAs arise from PolII genes and function like miRNAs to guide cleavage of target mRNAs. 121
GO:0016556 mRNA modification The covalent alteration of one or more nucleotides within an mRNA molecule to produce an mRNA molecule with a sequence that differs from that coded genetically. 114
GO:0009165 nucleotide biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nucleotides, any nucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the glycose moiety; may be mono-, di- or triphosphate; this definition includes cyclic-nucleotides (nucleoside cyclic phosphates). 109
GO:0016554 cytidine to uridine editing The conversion of a cytosine residue to uridine in an RNA molecule by deamination. 109
GO:0006368 transcription elongation from RNA polymerase II promoter The extension of an RNA molecule after transcription initiation and promoter clearance at an RNA polymerase II promoter by the addition of ribonucleotides catalyzed by RNA polymerase II. 103
GO:0009117 nucleotide metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving a nucleotide, a nucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the glycose moiety; may be mono-, di- or triphosphate; this definition includes cyclic nucleotides (nucleoside cyclic phosphates). 97
GO:0016070 RNA metabolic process The cellular chemical reactions and pathways involving RNA, ribonucleic acid, one of the two main type of nucleic acid, consisting of a long, unbranched macromolecule formed from ribonucleotides joined in 3',5'-phosphodiester linkage. 95
GO:0006754 ATP biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ATP, adenosine 5'-triphosphate, a universally important coenzyme and enzyme regulator. 88
GO:0034660 ncRNA metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving non-coding RNA transcripts (ncRNAs). 87
GO:0010501 RNA secondary structure unwinding The process in which a secondary structure of RNA are broken or 'melted'. 73
GO:0000462 maturation of SSU-rRNA from tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA) Any process involved in the maturation of a precursor Small SubUnit (SSU) ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule into a mature SSU-rRNA molecule from the pre-rRNA molecule originally produced as a tricistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, and the Large Subunit (LSU) in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript. 70
GO:0006354 DNA-dependent transcription, elongation The extension of an RNA molecule after transcription initiation and promoter clearance at a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase promoter by the addition of ribonucleotides catalyzed by an RNA polymerase. 69
GO:0002098 tRNA wobble uridine modification The process in which a uridine in position 34 of a tRNA is post-transcriptionally modified. 67
GO:0006182 cGMP biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cyclic GMP, guanosine 3',5'-phosphate. 65
GO:0009051 pentose-phosphate shunt, oxidative branch The branch of the pentose-phosphate shunt which involves the oxidation of glucose 6-P and produces ribulose 5-P, reduced NADP+ and carbon dioxide (CO2). 64
GO:0006370 7-methylguanosine mRNA capping Addition of the 7-methylguanosine cap to the 5' end of a nascent messenger RNA transcript. 63
GO:0006349 regulation of gene expression by genetic imprinting Heritable alterations in the activity of a gene that depend on whether it passed through the paternal or the maternal germline, but that are not encoded by DNA itself. 61
GO:0006259 DNA metabolic process Any cellular metabolic process involving deoxyribonucleic acid. This is one of the two main types of nucleic acid, consisting of a long, unbranched macromolecule formed from one, or more commonly, two, strands of linked deoxyribonucleotides. 60
GO:0019858 cytosine metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving cytosine, 4-amino-2-hydroxypyrimidine, a pyrimidine derivative that is one of the five main bases found in nucleic acids; it occurs widely in cytidine derivatives. 59
GO:0006740 NADPH regeneration A metabolic process that generates a pool of NADPH by the reduction of NADP+. 58
GO:0006361 transcription initiation from RNA polymerase I promoter Any process involved in the assembly of the RNA polymerase I preinitiation complex (PIC) at an RNA polymerase I promoter region of a DNA template, resulting in the subsequent synthesis of RNA from that promoter. The initiation phase includes PIC assembly and the formation of the first few bonds in the RNA chain, including abortive initiation, which occurs when the first few nucleotides are repeatedly synthesized and then released. Promoter clearance, or release, is the transition between the initiation and elongation phases of transcription. 58
GO:0009435 NAD biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, a coenzyme present in most living cells and derived from the B vitamin nicotinic acid; biosynthesis may be of either the oxidized form, NAD, or the reduced form, NADH. 57
GO:0006399 tRNA metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving tRNA, transfer RNA, a class of relatively small RNA molecules responsible for mediating the insertion of amino acids into the sequence of nascent polypeptide chains during protein synthesis. Transfer RNA is characterized by the presence of many unusual minor bases, the function of which has not been completely established. 54
GO:0015949 nucleobase-containing small molecule interconversion The chemical reactions and pathways by which a nucleobase, nucleoside or nucleotide small molecule is synthesized from another nucleobase, nucleoside or nucleotide small molecule. 53
GO:0008033 tRNA processing The process in which a pre-tRNA molecule is converted to a mature tRNA, ready for addition of an aminoacyl group. 50
GO:0009451 RNA modification The covalent alteration of one or more nucleotides within an RNA molecule to produce an RNA molecule with a sequence that differs from that coded genetically. 50
GO:0006402 mRNA catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of mRNA, messenger RNA, which is responsible for carrying the coded genetic 'message', transcribed from DNA, to sites of protein assembly at the ribosomes. 47
GO:0006734 NADH metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), a coenzyme present in most living cells and derived from the B vitamin nicotinic acid. 47
GO:0006164 purine nucleotide biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a purine nucleotide, a compound consisting of nucleoside (a purine base linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar. 47
GO:0000289 nuclear-transcribed mRNA poly(A) tail shortening Shortening of the poly(A) tail of a nuclear-transcribed mRNA from full length to an oligo(A) length. 46
GO:0006116 NADH oxidation A metabolic process that results in the oxidation of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, NADH, to the oxidized form, NAD. 46
GO:0000245 spliceosomal complex assembly The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a spliceosomal complex, a ribonucleoprotein apparatus that catalyzes nuclear mRNA splicing via transesterification reactions. 45
GO:0045292 mRNA cis splicing, via spliceosome The joining together, after removal of an intervening sequence composed of one or more introns, of two segments of the same RNA molecule via spliceosomal catalysis to produce an mRNA composed only of exon sequences that all came from the same primary transcript. 44
GO:0006362 transcription elongation from RNA polymerase I promoter The extension of an RNA molecule after transcription initiation and promoter clearance at an RNA polymerase I specific promoter by the addition of ribonucleotides catalyzed by RNA polymerase I. 38
GO:0006363 termination of RNA polymerase I transcription The process in which the synthesis of an RNA molecule by RNA polymerase I using a DNA template is completed. RNAP I termination requires binding of a terminator protein so specific sequences downstream of the transcription unit. 38
GO:0009113 purine nucleobase biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of purine nucleobases, one of the two classes of nitrogen-containing ring compounds found in DNA and RNA, which include adenine and guanine. 37
GO:0000373 Group II intron splicing The splicing of Group II introns. This occurs by a ribozymic mechanism where the intron sequence forms a distinct 3D structure, characteristic of Group II introns and containing splice site consensus sequences, that is involved in catalyzing the splicing reactions, though protein factors are also required in vivo. Splicing occurs by a series of two transesterification reactions (mechanistically similar to those for splicing of nuclear mRNAs) initiated by a bulged adenosine residue within the intron sequence as the initiating nucleophile. The intron is excised as a lariat. 36
GO:0030422 production of siRNA involved in RNA interference Cleavage of double-stranded RNA to form small interfering RNA molecules (siRNAs) of 21-23 nucleotides, in the context of RNA interference. 35
GO:0006207 'de novo' pyrimidine nucleobase biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyrimidine nucleobases, 1,3-diazine, organic nitrogenous bases, beginning with the synthesis of a pyrimidine ring from simpler precursors. 35
GO:0030847 termination of RNA polymerase II transcription, exosome-dependent The process in which transcription of nonpolyadenylated RNA polymerase II transcripts is terminated; coupled to the maturation of the RNA 3'-end. 34
GO:0030846 termination of RNA polymerase II transcription, poly(A)-coupled The process in which transcription of polyadenylated RNA polymerase II transcripts is terminated; cleavage and polyadenylylation of the mRNA 3' end is coupled to transcription termination. 34
GO:0046034 ATP metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving ATP, adenosine triphosphate, a universally important coenzyme and enzyme regulator. 34
GO:0043928 exonucleolytic nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process involved in deadenylation-dependent decay The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the transcript body of a nuclear-transcribed mRNA that occurs when the ends are not protected by the 3'-poly(A) tail. 33
GO:0009299 mRNA transcription The cellular synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA) from a DNA template. 33
GO:0043631 RNA polyadenylation The enzymatic addition of a sequence of adenylyl residues at the 3' end of an RNA molecule. 33
GO:0031426 polycistronic mRNA processing The conversion of a primary mRNA transcript containing more than one complete protein-coding region into individual mature mRNA molecules. 32
GO:0000395 mRNA 5'-splice site recognition Recognition of the intron 5'-splice site by components of the assembling spliceosome. 31
GO:0006352 DNA-dependent transcription, initiation Any process involved in the assembly of the RNA polymerase preinitiation complex (PIC) at the core promoter region of a DNA template, resulting in the subsequent synthesis of RNA from that promoter. The initiation phase includes PIC assembly and the formation of the first few bonds in the RNA chain, including abortive initiation, which occurs when the first few nucleotides are repeatedly synthesized and then released. The initiation phase ends just before and does not include promoter clearance, or release, which is the transition between the initiation and elongation phases of transcription. 31
GO:0001111 promoter clearance from RNA polymerase II promoter Any process involved in the transition from the initiation to the elongation phases of transcription by RNA polymerase II, generally including a conformational change from the initiation conformation to the elongation conformation. Promoter clearance often involves breaking contact with transcription factors involved only in the initiation phase and making contacts with elongation specific factors. 31
GO:0006172 ADP biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ADP, adenosine 5'-diphosphate. 31
GO:0006741 NADP biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate, a coenzyme involved in many redox and biosynthetic reactions; biosynthesis may be of either the oxidized form, NADP, or the reduced form, NADPH. 30
GO:0009226 nucleotide-sugar biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nucleotide-sugars, any nucleotide in which the distal phosphoric residue of a nucleoside 5'-diphosphate is in glycosidic linkage with a monosaccharide or monosaccharide derivative. 30
GO:0006400 tRNA modification The covalent alteration of one or more nucleotides within a tRNA molecule to produce a tRNA molecule with a sequence that differs from that coded genetically. 29
GO:0000963 mitochondrial RNA processing The conversion of a primary RNA molecule transcribed from a mitochondrial genome into one or more mature RNA molecules; occurs in the mitochondrion. 29
GO:0002109 maturation of SSU-rRNA from tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, LSU-rRNA,5S) Any process involved in the maturation of a precursor Small SubUnit (SSU) ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule into a mature SSU-rRNA molecule from the pre-rRNA molecule originally produced as a tricistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, Large Subunit (LSU) the 5S rRNA in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript. 29
GO:0030488 tRNA methylation The posttranscriptional addition of methyl groups to specific residues in a tRNA molecule. 28
GO:0000447 endonucleolytic cleavage in ITS1 to separate SSU-rRNA from 5.8S rRNA and LSU-rRNA from tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA) Endonucleolytic cleavage between the SSU-rRNA and the 5.8S rRNA of an rRNA molecule originally produced as a tricistronic rRNA transcript that contained the Small SubUnit (SSU) rRNA, the 5.8S rRNA, and the Large SubUnit (LSU) rRNA, in that order, from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript. 28
GO:0006369 termination of RNA polymerase II transcription The process in which the synthesis of an RNA molecule by RNA polymerase II using a DNA template is completed. 27
GO:0000467 exonucleolytic trimming to generate mature 3'-end of 5.8S rRNA from tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA) Exonucleolytic digestion of a pre-rRNA molecule to generate the mature 3'-end of a 5.8S rRNA molecule derived from an originally tricistronic pre-rRNA transcript that contained the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, the 5.8S rRNA, and the Large Subunit (LSU) rRNA in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript. 27
GO:0000387 spliceosomal snRNP assembly The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of one or more snRNA and multiple protein components to form a ribonucleoprotein complex that is involved in formation of the spliceosome. 26
GO:0015986 ATP synthesis coupled proton transport The transport of protons across a membrane to generate an electrochemical gradient (proton-motive force) that powers ATP synthesis. 25
GO:0044209 AMP salvage The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of adenosine monophosphate (AMP) from derivatives of it (either adenine, ADP or adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate) without de novo synthesis. 25
GO:0031124 mRNA 3'-end processing Any process involved in forming the mature 3' end of an mRNA molecule. 25
GO:0006011 UDP-glucose metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving UDP-glucose, uridinediphosphoglucose, a substance composed of glucose in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate. 24
GO:0042797 tRNA transcription from RNA polymerase III promoter The synthesis of transfer RNA (tRNA) from a DNA template by RNA Polymerase III (Pol III), originating at a Pol III promoter. 22
GO:0090305 nucleic acid phosphodiester bond hydrolysis The nucleic acid metabolic process in which the phosphodiester bonds between nucleotides are cleaved by hydrolysis. 22
GO:0015937 coenzyme A biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of coenzyme A, 3'-phosphoadenosine-(5')diphospho(4')pantatheine, an acyl carrier in many acylation and acyl-transfer reactions in which the intermediate is a thiol ester. 22
GO:0006144 purine nucleobase metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving purine nucleobases, one of the two classes of nitrogen-containing ring compounds found in DNA and RNA, which include adenine and guanine. 22
GO:0009303 rRNA transcription The synthesis of ribosomal RNA (rRNA), any RNA that forms part of the ribosomal structure, from a DNA template. 22
GO:0006183 GTP biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of GTP, guanosine triphosphate. 22
GO:0006210 thymine catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of thymine, 5-methyluracil, one of the two major pyrimidine bases present (as thymidine) in DNA but not found in RNA other than (as ribothymidine) in transfer RNA, where it is a minor base. 22
GO:0006385 transcription elongation from RNA polymerase III promoter The extension of an RNA molecule after transcription initiation and promoter clearance at an RNA polymerase III promoter by the addition of ribonucleotides catalyzed by RNA polymerase III. 21
GO:0006378 mRNA polyadenylation The enzymatic addition of a sequence of 40-200 adenylyl residues at the 3' end of a eukaryotic mRNA primary transcript. 21
GO:0070481 nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, non-stop decay The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the transcript body of a nuclear-transcribed mRNA that is lacking a stop codon. 21
GO:0006241 CTP biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of CTP, cytidine 5'-triphosphate. 21
GO:0006386 termination of RNA polymerase III transcription The process in which transcription by RNA polymerase III is terminated; Pol III has an intrinsic ability to terminate transcription upon incorporation of 4 to 6 contiguous U residues. 21
GO:0000463 maturation of LSU-rRNA from tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA) Any process involved in the maturation of a precursor Large SubUnit (LSU) ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule into a mature LSU-rRNA molecule from the pre-rRNA molecule originally produced as a tricistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, and Large Subunit (LSU) in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript. 21
GO:0006228 UTP biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of UTP, uridine (5'-)triphosphate. 21
GO:0070995 NADPH oxidation A metabolic process that results in the oxidation of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, NADPH, to the oxidized form, NADP. 20
GO:0031054 pre-miRNA processing Any process involved in the conversion of a pre-microRNA transcript into a mature microRNA molecule. 20
GO:0006225 UDP biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of UDP, uridine (5'-)diphosphate. 20
GO:0090304 nucleic acid metabolic process Any cellular metabolic process involving nucleic acids. 19
GO:0034655 nucleobase-containing compound catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids. 19
GO:0000466 maturation of 5.8S rRNA from tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA) Any process involved in the maturation of an rRNA molecule originally produced as part of a tricistronic rRNA transcript that contained the Small SubUnit (SSU) rRNA, the 5.8S rRNA, and the Large SubUnit (LSU) rRNA, in that order, from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript. 19
GO:0006165 nucleoside diphosphate phosphorylation The process of introducing a phosphate group into a nucleoside diphosphate to produce a nucleoside triphosphate. 19
GO:0009052 pentose-phosphate shunt, non-oxidative branch The branch of the pentose-phosphate shunt which does not involve oxidation reactions. It comprises a series of sugar phosphate interconversions, starting with ribulose 5-P and producing fructose 6-P and glyceraldehyde 3-P. 18
GO:0000390 spliceosomal complex disassembly Disassembly of a spliceosomal complex with the ATP-dependent release of the product RNAs, one of which is composed of the joined exons. In cis splicing, the other product is the excised sequence, often a single intron, in a lariat structure. 18
GO:0006401 RNA catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of RNA, ribonucleic acid, one of the two main type of nucleic acid, consisting of a long, unbranched macromolecule formed from ribonucleotides joined in 3',5'-phosphodiester linkage. 18
GO:0019305 dTDP-rhamnose biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dTDP-rhamnose, a substance composed of rhamnose in glycosidic linkage with deoxyribosylthymine diphosphate. 17
GO:0046060 dATP metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving dATP, deoxyadenosine triphosphate (2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-triphosphate). 17
GO:0006436 tryptophanyl-tRNA aminoacylation The process of coupling tryptophan to tryptophanyl-tRNA, catalyzed by tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA. 17
GO:0006206 pyrimidine nucleobase metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving pyrimidine nucleobases, 1,3-diazine, organic nitrogenous bases. 17
GO:0071044 histone mRNA catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of histone messenger RNA (mRNA). 16
GO:0030490 maturation of SSU-rRNA Any process involved in the maturation of a precursor Small SubUnit (SSU) ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule into a mature SSU-rRNA molecule. 16
GO:0006739 NADP metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate, a coenzyme involved in many redox and biosynthetic reactions; metabolism may be of either the oxidized form, NADP, or the reduced form, NADPH. 16
GO:0046039 GTP metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving GTP, guanosine triphosphate. 16
GO:0006189 'de novo' IMP biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of IMP, inosine monophosphate, by the stepwise assembly of a purine ring on ribose 5-phosphate. 15
GO:0071038 nuclear polyadenylation-dependent tRNA catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways occurring in the nucleus and resulting in the breakdown of an aberrant or incorrectly modified transfer RNA (tRNA) molecule, initiated by the enzymatic addition of a sequence of adenylyl residues (polyadenylation) at the 3' end the target tRNA. 15
GO:0046939 nucleotide phosphorylation The process of introducing one or more phosphate groups into a nucleotide to produce a phosphorylated nucleoside. 15
GO:0033356 UDP-L-arabinose metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving UDP-L-arabinose, uridinediphosphoarabinose, a substance composed of arabinose in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate. 15
GO:0071035 nuclear polyadenylation-dependent rRNA catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways occurring in the nucleus and resulting in the breakdown of a ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule, including RNA fragments released as part of processing the primary transcript into multiple mature rRNA species, initiated by the enzymatic addition of a sequence of adenylyl residues (polyadenylation) at the 3' end the target rRNA. 14
GO:0071042 nuclear polyadenylation-dependent mRNA catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways occurring in the nucleus and resulting in the breakdown of a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule, initiated by the enzymatic addition of a sequence of adenylyl residues (polyadenylation) at the 3' end the target mRNA. 14
GO:0000478 endonucleolytic cleavage involved in rRNA processing Any endonucleolytic cleavage involved in the conversion of a primary ribosomal RNA (rRNA) transcript into a mature rRNA molecule. Some endonucleolytic cleavages produce the mature end, while others are a step in the process of generating the mature end from the pre-rRNA. 14
GO:0000472 endonucleolytic cleavage to generate mature 5'-end of SSU-rRNA from (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA) Endonucleolytic cleavage between the 5'-External Transcribed Spacer (5'-ETS) and the 5' end of the SSU-rRNA of a tricistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, the 5.8S rRNA, and the Large Subunit (LSU) rRNA in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript, to produce the mature end of the SSU-rRNA. 14
GO:0006379 mRNA cleavage Any process in which a pre-mRNA or mRNA molecule is cleaved at specific sites or in a regulated manner. 14
GO:0046500 S-adenosylmethionine metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving S-adenosylmethionine, S-(5'-adenosyl)-L-methionine, an important intermediate in one-carbon metabolism. 14
GO:0010586 miRNA metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving miRNA, microRNA, a class of single-stranded RNA molecules of about 21-23 nucleotides in length, which regulates gene expression. 14
GO:0015969 guanosine tetraphosphate metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving guanine tetraphosphate (5'-ppGpp-3'), a derivative of guanine riboside with four phosphates. 14
GO:0031053 primary miRNA processing Any process involved in the conversion of a primary microRNA transcript into a pre-microRNA molecule. 14
GO:0006418 tRNA aminoacylation for protein translation The synthesis of aminoacyl tRNA by the formation of an ester bond between the 3'-hydroxyl group of the most 3' adenosine of the tRNA, to be used in ribosome-mediated polypeptide synthesis. 14
GO:0000349 generation of catalytic spliceosome for first transesterification step Formation of a catalytic spliceosome complex ready to perform the first splicing reaction. This occurs by an ATP-dependent conformational change of the pre-catalytic spliceosome. 14
GO:0010587 miRNA catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of miRNA, microRNA, a class of single-stranded RNA molecules of about 21-23 nucleotides in length, which regulates gene expression. 13
GO:0031087 deadenylation-independent decapping of nuclear-transcribed mRNA Cleavage of the 5'-cap of a nuclear-transcribed mRNA that is independent of poly(A) tail shortening. 13
GO:0070651 nonfunctional rRNA decay An rRNA catabolic process that results in the targeted detection and degradation of aberrant rRNAs contained within translationally defective ribosomes, thereby acting as a quality-control system. 13
GO:0006227 dUDP biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dUDP, deoxyuridine diphosphate (2'-deoxy-5'-uridylyl phosphate). 13
GO:0000480 endonucleolytic cleavage in 5'-ETS of tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA) Endonucleolytic cleavage within the 5'-External Transcribed Spacer (ETS) of a tricistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, the 5.8S rRNA, and the Large Subunit (LSU) rRNA in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript. Endonucleolytic cleavage within the 5'-ETS of the pre-RNA is conserved as one of the early steps of rRNA processing in all eukaryotes, but the specific position of cleavage is variable. 13
GO:0070478 nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, 3'-5' exonucleolytic nonsense-mediated decay The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the nuclear-transcribed mRNA transcript body of an mRNA in which an amino-acid codon has changed to a nonsense codon; occurs when the 3' end is not protected by a 3'-poly(A) tail; degradation proceeds in the 3' to 5' direction. 12
GO:0006186 dGDP phosphorylation The process of introducing a phosphate group into dGDP, deoxyguanosine diphosphate, to produce dGTP. 12
GO:0006187 dGTP biosynthetic process from dGDP The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dGTP, deoxyguanosine triphosphate (2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-triphosphate) from other compounds, including gGDP, deoxyguanosine diphosphate. 12
GO:0043100 pyrimidine nucleobase salvage Any process that generates pyrimidine nucleobases, 1,3-diazine organic nitrogenous bases, from derivatives of them without de novo synthesis. 12
GO:0051123 RNA polymerase II transcriptional preinitiation complex assembly The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins on an RNA polymerase II promoter DNA to form the transcriptional preinitiation complex (PIC), the formation of which is a prerequisite for transcription by RNA polymerase. 12
GO:0006166 purine ribonucleoside salvage Any process which produces a purine nucleoside from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis. 12
GO:0009263 deoxyribonucleotide biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a deoxyribonucleotide, a compound consisting of deoxyribonucleoside (a base linked to a deoxyribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar. 11
GO:0006048 UDP-N-acetylglucosamine biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, a substance composed of N-acetylglucosamine, a common structural unit of oligosaccharides, in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate. 11
GO:0070143 mitochondrial alanyl-tRNA aminoacylation The process of coupling alanine to alanyl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by alanyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA. 11
GO:0006222 UMP biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of UMP, uridine monophosphate. 11
GO:0006168 adenine salvage Any process that generates adenine, 6-aminopurine, from derivatives of it without de novo synthesis. 11
GO:0050428 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate, a naturally occurring mixed anhydride. It is an intermediate in the formation of a variety of sulfo compounds in biological systems. 11
GO:0046705 CDP biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of CDP, cytidine (5'-)diphosphate. 11
GO:0009186 deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving a deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar. 11
GO:0000290 deadenylation-dependent decapping of nuclear-transcribed mRNA Cleavage of the 5'-cap of a nuclear mRNA triggered by shortening of the poly(A) tail to below a minimum functional length. 11
GO:0031167 rRNA methylation The posttranscriptional addition of methyl groups to specific residues in an rRNA molecule. 11
GO:0019673 GDP-mannose metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving GDP-mannose, a substance composed of mannose in glycosidic linkage with guanosine diphosphate. 11
GO:0001522 pseudouridine synthesis The intramolecular conversion of uridine to pseudouridine within an RNA molecule. This posttranscriptional base modification occurs in tRNA, rRNA, and snRNAs. 10
GO:0000372 Group I intron splicing The splicing of Group I introns. This occurs by a ribozymic mechanism where the intron sequence forms a distinct 3D structure, characteristic of Group I introns and involved in determining the locations of the splice sites (there do not appear to be consensus splice site sequences) as well as having a role in catalyzing the splicing reactions, though protein factors are also required in vivo. Splicing occurs by a series of two transesterification reactions, generally with exogenous guanosine as the initiating nucleophile. The intron is excised as a linear piece (though it may subsequently circularize). 10
GO:0046041 ITP metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving ITP, inosine triphosphate. 10
GO:0009150 purine ribonucleotide metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving a purine ribonucleotide, a compound consisting of ribonucleoside (a purine base linked to a ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar. 10
GO:0046103 inosine biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of inosine, hypoxanthine riboside, a nucleoside found free but not in combination in nucleic acids except in the anticodons of some tRNAs. 10
GO:0000154 rRNA modification The covalent alteration of one or more nucleotides within an rRNA molecule to produce an rRNA molecule with a sequence that differs from that coded genetically. 10
GO:0046051 UTP metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving UTP, uridine (5'-)triphosphate. 10
GO:0044206 UMP salvage Any process which produces UMP, uridine monophosphate, from derivatives of it (e.g. cytidine, uridine, cytosine) without de novo synthesis. 10
GO:0006556 S-adenosylmethionine biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of S-adenosylmethionine, S-(5'-adenosyl)-L-methionine, an important intermediate in one-carbon metabolism. 10
GO:0006421 asparaginyl-tRNA aminoacylation The process of coupling asparagine to asparaginyl-tRNA, catalyzed by asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA. 9
GO:0046033 AMP metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving AMP, adenosine monophosphate. 9
GO:0046498 S-adenosylhomocysteine metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving S-adenosylhomocysteine; the L-enantiomer is formed from S-adenosylmethionine and is a strong inhibitor of S-adenosylmethionine-mediated methylation reactions. It can be cleaved to form adenosine and homocysteine. 9
GO:0006360 transcription from RNA polymerase I promoter The synthesis of RNA from a DNA template by RNA polymerase I (RNAP I), originating at an RNAP I promoter. 9
GO:0006756 AMP phosphorylation The process of introducing a phosphate group into AMP, adenosine monophosphate, to produce ADP. Addition of two phosphate groups produces ATP. 9
GO:0006240 dCDP biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dCDP, deoxycytidine 5'-diphosphate. 9
GO:0042780 tRNA 3'-end processing The process in which the 3' end of a pre-tRNA molecule is converted to that of a mature tRNA. 9
GO:0006383 transcription from RNA polymerase III promoter The synthesis of RNA from a DNA template by RNA polymerase III, originating at an RNAP III promoter. 9
GO:0008334 histone mRNA metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving an mRNA encoding a histone. 9
GO:0006148 inosine catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of inosine, hypoxanthine riboside, a nucleoside found free but not in combination in nucleic acids except in the anticodons of some tRNAs. 9
GO:0019276 UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine, a substance composed of N-acetylgalactosamine, a common structural unit of oligosaccharides, in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate. 9
GO:0055086 nucleobase-containing small molecule metabolic process The cellular chemical reactions and pathways involving a nucleobase-containing small molecule: a nucleobase, a nucleoside, or a nucleotide. 9
GO:0006388 tRNA splicing, via endonucleolytic cleavage and ligation Splicing of tRNA substrates via recognition of the folded RNA structure that brings the 5' and 3' splice sites into proximity and cleavage of the RNA at both the 3' and 5' splice sites by an endonucleolytic mechanism, followed by ligation of the exons. 9
GO:0009225 nucleotide-sugar metabolic process The cellular chemical reactions and pathways involving nucleotide-sugars, any nucleotide in which the distal phosphoric residue of a nucleoside 5'-diphosphate is in glycosidic linkage with a monosaccharide or monosaccharide derivative. 9
GO:0006423 cysteinyl-tRNA aminoacylation The process of coupling cysteine to cysteinyl-tRNA, catalyzed by cysteinyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA. 9
GO:0046710 GDP metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving GDP, guanosine 5'-diphosphate. 8
GO:0000460 maturation of 5.8S rRNA Any process involved in the maturation of a precursor 5.8S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule into a mature 5.8S rRNA molecule. 8
GO:0044210 'de novo' CTP biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cytidine 5'-triphosphate (CTP) from simpler components. 8
GO:0003400 regulation of COPII vesicle coating Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the addition of COPII proteins and adaptor proteins to ER membranes during the formation of transport vesicles, forming a vesicle coat. 8
GO:0000469 cleavage involved in rRNA processing Any phosphodiester bond hydrolysis involved in the conversion of a primary ribosomal RNA (rRNA) transcript into a mature rRNA molecule. 8
GO:0006735 NADH regeneration A metabolic process that generates a pool of NADH by the reduction of NAD+. 8
GO:0000375 RNA splicing, via transesterification reactions Splicing of RNA via a series of two transesterification reactions. 8
GO:0006213 pyrimidine nucleoside metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving any pyrimidine nucleoside, one of a family of organic molecules consisting of a pyrimidine base covalently bonded to ribose (a ribonucleoside) or deoxyribose (a deoxyribonucleoside). 8
GO:0006212 uracil catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of uracil, 2,4-dioxopyrimidine, one of the pyrimidine bases occurring in RNA, but not in DNA. 8
GO:1900865 chloroplast RNA modification Any RNA modification that takes place in chloroplast. 8
GO:0006424 glutamyl-tRNA aminoacylation The process of coupling glutamate to glutamyl-tRNA, catalyzed by glutamyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'- adenosine residue of the tRNA. 7
GO:0071028 nuclear mRNA surveillance The set of processes involved in identifying and degrading defective or aberrant mRNAs within the nucleus. 7
GO:0031120 snRNA pseudouridine synthesis The intramolecular conversion of uridine to pseudouridine in an snRNA molecule. 7
GO:0006376 mRNA splice site selection Selection of a splice site by components of the assembling spliceosome. 7
GO:0042776 mitochondrial ATP synthesis coupled proton transport The transport of protons across a mitochondrial membrane to generate an electrochemical gradient (proton-motive force) that powers ATP synthesis. 7
GO:0006390 transcription from mitochondrial promoter The synthesis of RNA from a mitochondrial DNA template, usually by a specific mitochondrial RNA polymerase. 7
GO:0006065 UDP-glucuronate biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of UDP-glucuronate, a substance composed of glucuronic acid in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate. 7
GO:0009298 GDP-mannose biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of GDP-mannose, a substance composed of mannose in glycosidic linkage with guanosine diphosphate. 7
GO:0046398 UDP-glucuronate metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving UDP-glucuronate, a substance composed of glucuronic acid in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate. 7
GO:0071051 polyadenylation-dependent snoRNA 3'-end processing Any process involved in forming the mature 3' end of a snoRNA molecule linked to prior polyadenylation of the 3'-end of the precursor snoRNA. 7
GO:0006420 arginyl-tRNA aminoacylation The process of coupling arginine to arginyl-tRNA, catalyzed by arginyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA. 7
GO:0015936 coenzyme A metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving coenzyme A, 3'-phosphoadenosine-(5')diphospho(4')pantatheine, an acyl carrier in many acylation and acyl-transfer reactions in which the intermediate is a thiol ester. 7
GO:0009152 purine ribonucleotide biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a purine ribonucleotide, a compound consisting of ribonucleoside (a purine base linked to a ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar. 7
GO:0052573 UDP-D-galactose metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving UDP-D-galactose, a substance composed of D-galactose in glycosidic linkage with guanosine diphosphate. 7
GO:0006047 UDP-N-acetylglucosamine metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, a substance composed of N-acetylglucosamine, a common structural unit of oligosaccharides, in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate. 7
GO:0046101 hypoxanthine biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hypoxanthine, 6-hydroxy purine, an intermediate in the degradation of adenylate. Its ribonucleoside is known as inosine and its ribonucleotide as inosinate. 7
GO:0006167 AMP biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of AMP, adenosine monophosphate. 7
GO:0015967 diadenosine tetraphosphate catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of diadenosine tetraphosphate, a derivative of the nucleoside adenosine with four phosphate groups attached. 7
GO:0042278 purine nucleoside metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving one of a family of organic molecules consisting of a purine base covalently bonded to a sugar ribose (a ribonucleoside) or deoxyribose (a deoxyribonucleoside). 7
GO:0046109 uridine biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of uridine, uracil riboside, a ribonucleoside very widely distributed but occurring almost entirely as phosphoric esters in ribonucleotides and ribonucleic acids. 6
GO:0006154 adenosine catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of adenosine, adenine riboside, a ribonucleoside found widely distributed in cells of every type as the free nucleoside and in combination in nucleic acids and various nucleoside coenzymes. 6
GO:0001174 transcriptional start site selection at RNA polymerase II promoter Any process involved in the selection of the specific location within the template strand of an RNA polymerase II promoter for hybridization of the cognate ribonucleotides and formation of first phosphodiester bond within the nascent transcript. 6
GO:0006433 prolyl-tRNA aminoacylation The process of coupling proline to prolyl-tRNA, catalyzed by prolyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA. 6
GO:0006432 phenylalanyl-tRNA aminoacylation The process of coupling phenylalanine to phenylalanyl-tRNA, catalyzed by phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA. 6
GO:0043629 ncRNA polyadenylation The enzymatic addition of a sequence of adenylyl residues at the 3' end of a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule. In eukaryotes, substrates include nuclear non-coding RNAs such as precursors and a variety of incorrectly processed forms of snRNAs, snoRNAs, rRNAs, and tRNAs, as well as discarded RNA fragments which have been removed from ncRNA primary transcripts. Polyadenylation of precursors is often linked to termination of transcription, but polyadenylation of RNAs targeted for degradation may also occur post-transcriptionally. This polyadenylation is important both for 3'-end processing to produce mature ncRNA species and also for targeting incorrectly processed or discarded RNA molecules for degradation. 6
GO:0046085 adenosine metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving adenosine, adenine riboside, a ribonucleoside found widely distributed in cells of every type as the free nucleoside and in combination in nucleic acids and various nucleoside coenzymes. 6
GO:0002103 endonucleolytic cleavage of tetracistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, LSU-rRNA, 4.5S-rRNA, 5S-rRNA) Endonucleolytic cleavage of a pre-rRNA molecule originally produced as a tetracistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, Large Subunit (LSU) the 4.5S rRNA, and the 5S rRNA in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript. Primary ribosomal RNA transcripts with four genes, in this order, are produced in the chloroplasts of vascular plants. Note that the use of the word tetracistronic refers only to the number of mature rRNA molecules which will be produced from the primary transcript and ignores tRNAs that may also be present within the primary transcript. 6
GO:0019358 nicotinate nucleotide salvage The generation of nicotinate nucleotide without de novo synthesis. 6
GO:0019284 L-methionine biosynthetic process from S-adenosylmethionine The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-methionine from other compounds, including S-adenosylmethionine. 6
GO:0006218 uridine catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of uridine, uracil riboside, a ribonucleoside very widely distributed but occurring almost entirely as phosphoric esters in ribonucleotides and ribonucleic acids. 6
GO:0009112 nucleobase metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving a nucleobase, a nitrogenous base that is a constituent of a nucleic acid, e.g. the purines: adenine, guanine, hypoxanthine, xanthine and the pyrimidines: cytosine, uracil, thymine. 6
GO:1900864 mitochondrial RNA modification Any RNA modification that takes place in mitochondrion. 6
GO:0006235 dTTP biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dTTP, deoxyribosylthymine triphosphate. 6
GO:0050427 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate, a naturally occurring mixed anhydride. It is an intermediate in the formation of a variety of sulfo compounds in biological systems. 6
GO:0043101 purine-containing compound salvage Any process that generates a purine-containing compound, any nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide or nucleic acid that contains a purine base, from derivatives of them without de novo synthesis. 6
GO:0009116 nucleoside metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving a nucleoside, a nucleobase linked to either beta-D-ribofuranose (a ribonucleoside) or 2-deoxy-beta-D-ribofuranose, (a deoxyribonucleoside), e.g. adenosine, guanosine, inosine, cytidine, uridine and deoxyadenosine, deoxyguanosine, deoxycytidine and thymidine (= deoxythymidine). 6
GO:0061508 CDP phosphorylation The process of introducing a phosphate group into CDP to produce a CTP. 6
GO:0000461 endonucleolytic cleavage to generate mature 3'-end of SSU-rRNA from (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA) Endonucleolytic cleavage at the 3'-end of the SSU-rRNA from an originally tricistronic rRNA transcript that contained the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, the 5.8S rRNA, and the Large Subunit (LSU) rRNA in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript, to produce the mature end of the SSU-rRNA. 6
GO:0009212 pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar. 6
GO:0070681 glutaminyl-tRNAGln biosynthesis via transamidation A tRNA aminoacylation process in which glutaminyl-tRNAGln is formed by a tRNA-dependent two-step pathway. In the first step a non-discriminating glutamyl-tRNAGlx synthetase generates the misacylated L-glutamyl-tRNAGln species, and in the second step it is amidated to the correctly charged L-glutaminyl-tRNAGln by a glutamyl-tRNAGln amidotransferase. 6
GO:0033468 CMP-keto-3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of CMP-keto-3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid, a substance composed of the acidic sugar 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid in glycosidic linkage with cytidine monophosphate. 6
GO:0050843 S-adenosylmethionine catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of S-adenosylmethionine, S-(5'-adenosyl)-L-methionine, an important intermediate in one-carbon metabolism. 6
GO:0071039 nuclear polyadenylation-dependent CUT catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways occurring in the nucleus and resulting in the breakdown of a cryptic unstable transcript (CUT), initiated by the enzymatic addition of a sequence of adenylyl residues (polyadenylation) at the 3' end the target CUT. 6
GO:0006425 glutaminyl-tRNA aminoacylation The process of coupling glutamine to glutaminyl-tRNA, catalyzed by glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'- adenosine residue of the tRNA. 6
GO:0009216 purine deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of purine deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar. 6
GO:0046037 GMP metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving GMP, guanosine monophosphate. 6
GO:0006169 adenosine salvage Any process that generates adenosine, adenine riboside, from derivatives of it without de novo synthesis. 5
GO:0043173 nucleotide salvage Any process which produces a nucleotide, a compound consisting of a nucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the glycose moiety, from derivatives of it without de novo synthesis. 5
GO:0046078 dUMP metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving dUMP, deoxyuridine (5'-)monophosphate (2'-deoxyuridine 5'-phosphate). 5
GO:0006175 dATP biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dATP, deoxyadenosine triphosphate (2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-triphosphate). 5
GO:0006231 dTMP biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dTMP, deoxyribosylthymine monophosphate (2'-deoxyribosylthymine 5'-phosphate). 5
GO:0009115 xanthine catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of xanthine, 2,6-dihydroxypurine, a purine formed in the metabolic breakdown of guanine but not present in nucleic acids. 5
GO:0080178 5-carbamoylmethyluridine metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving 5-carbamoylmethyluridine. 5
GO:0010253 UDP-rhamnose biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of UDP-L-rhamnose, a substance composed of rhamnose in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate. 5
GO:0046054 dGMP metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving dGMP, deoxyguanosine monophosphate (2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-phosphate). 5
GO:0032774 RNA biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of RNA, ribonucleic acid, one of the two main type of nucleic acid, consisting of a long, unbranched macromolecule formed from ribonucleotides joined in 3',5'-phosphodiester linkage. Includes polymerization of ribonucleotide monomers. 5
GO:0070185 mitochondrial valyl-tRNA aminoacylation The process of coupling valine to valyl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by valyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA. 5
GO:0015951 purine ribonucleotide interconversion The chemical reactions and pathways by which a purine ribonucleotide is synthesized from another purine ribonucleotide. 5
GO:0006429 leucyl-tRNA aminoacylation The process of coupling leucine to leucyl-tRNA, catalyzed by leucyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA. 5
GO:0019674 NAD metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), a coenzyme present in most living cells and derived from the B vitamin nicotinic acid. 5
GO:0042790 transcription of nuclear large rRNA transcript from RNA polymerase I promoter The synthesis of the large ribosomal RNA (rRNA) transcript which encodes several rRNAs, e.g. in mammals 28S, 18S and 5.8S, from a nuclear DNA template transcribed by RNA polymerase I. 5
GO:0031123 RNA 3'-end processing Any process involved in forming the mature 3' end of an RNA molecule. 5
GO:0006185 dGDP biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dGDP, deoxyguanosine diphosphate, (2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-diphosphate). 5
GO:0000380 alternative mRNA splicing, via spliceosome The process of generating multiple mRNA molecules from a given set of exons by differential use of exons from the primary transcript(s) to form multiple mature mRNAs that vary in their exon composition. 5
GO:0035279 mRNA cleavage involved in gene silencing by miRNA The process in which microRNAs (miRNAs) direct the cleavage of target mRNAs. Once incorporated into a RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), a miRNA will typically direct cleavage by base pairing with near-perfect complementarity to the target mRNA. Many plant miRNAs downregulate gene expression through this mechanism. 5
GO:0046083 adenine metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving adenine, 6-aminopurine, one of the five main bases found in nucleic acids and a component of numerous important derivatives of its corresponding ribonucleoside, adenosine. 5
GO:0006195 purine nucleotide catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a purine nucleotide, a compound consisting of nucleoside (a purine base linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar. 5
GO:0006398 histone mRNA 3'-end processing Any process involved in forming the mature 3' end of a histone mRNA molecule. 5
GO:0046711 GDP biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of GDP, guanosine 5'-diphosphate. 5
GO:0044208 'de novo' AMP biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of adenosine monophosphate (AMP) from inosine 5'-monophosphate (IMP). 5
GO:0000389 mRNA 3'-splice site recognition Recognition of the intron 3'-splice site by components of the assembling U2- or U12-type spliceosome. 5
GO:2001294 malonyl-CoA catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of malonyl-CoA, the S-malonyl derivative of coenzyme A. 5
GO:0000393 spliceosomal conformational changes to generate catalytic conformation Structural rearrangements of the spliceosome complex, containing RNA to be spliced, to generate a catalytic conformation. 4
GO:0019365 pyridine nucleotide salvage Any process that generates a pyridine nucleotide, a nucleotide characterized by a pyridine derivative as a nitrogen base, from derivatives of them without de novo synthesis. 4
GO:0035863 dITP catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dITP, a deoxyinosine phosphate compound having a triphosphate group at the 5'-position. 4
GO:0046940 nucleoside monophosphate phosphorylation The process of introducing one or more phosphate groups into a nucleoside monophosphate to produce a polyphosphorylated nucleoside. 4
GO:0070183 mitochondrial tryptophanyl-tRNA aminoacylation The process of coupling tryptophan to tryptophanyl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA. 4
GO:0009972 cytidine deamination The removal of amino group in the presence of water. 4
GO:0000348 mRNA branch site recognition Recognition of the pre-mRNA branch site sequence by components of the assembling spliceosome. 4
GO:0000291 nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, exonucleolytic The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the transcript body of a nuclear-transcribed mRNA that occurs when the ends are not protected by the 5'-cap or the 3'-poly(A) tail. 4
GO:0061475 cytosolic valyl-tRNA aminoacylation The process of coupling valine to valyl-tRNA in the cytosol, catalyzed by valyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA. 4
GO:0034227 tRNA thio-modification The addition a sulfur atom to a nucleotide in a tRNA molecule. 4
GO:0046084 adenine biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of adenine, 6-aminopurine, one of the five main bases found in nucleic acids and a component of numerous important derivatives of its corresponding ribonucleoside, adenosine. 4
GO:0006226 dUMP biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dUMP, deoxyuridine monophosphate (2'-deoxyuridine 5'-phosphate). 4
GO:0000354 cis assembly of pre-catalytic spliceosome Assembly of a spliceosomal complex containing the intact pre-mRNA and all of the spliceosomal snRNPs. This occurs when the tri-snRNP associates with the pre-mRNA and associated snRNPs in an ATP-dependent manner. 4
GO:0036265 RNA (guanine-N7)-methylation The addition of a methyl group to the N7 atom in the base portion of a guanine nucleotide residue in an RNA molecule. 4
GO:0006233 dTDP biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dTDP, deoxyribosylthymine diphosphate (2'-deoxyribosylthymine5'-diphosphate). 4
GO:0006431 methionyl-tRNA aminoacylation The process of coupling methionine to methionyl-tRNA, catalyzed by methionyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA. 4
GO:0001113 transcriptional open complex formation at RNA polymerase II promoter Any process involved in the melting of the DNA hybrid of the core promoter region within the transcriptional closed complex of an RNA polymerase II preinitiation complex (PIC) to produce an open complex where the DNA duplex around the transcription initiation site is unwound to form the transcription bubble. 4
GO:0044211 CTP salvage Any process which produces cytidine 5'-triphosphate (CTP) from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis. 4
GO:0008655 pyrimidine-containing compound salvage Any process that generates a pyrimidine-containing compound, any nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide or nucleic acid that contains a pyrimidine base, from derivatives of them without de novo synthesis. 4
GO:0034356 NAD biosynthesis via nicotinamide riboside salvage pathway The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) from the vitamin precursor nicotinamide riboside. 4
GO:0046081 dUTP catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dUTP, deoxyuridine (5'-)triphosphate. 4
GO:0046128 purine ribonucleoside metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving any ribonucleoside, a nucleoside in which purine base is linked to a ribose (beta-D-ribofuranose) molecule. 4
GO:0031126 snoRNA 3'-end processing Any process involved in forming the mature 3' end of a snoRNA molecule. 4
GO:0006049 UDP-N-acetylglucosamine catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, a substance composed of N-acetylglucosamine, a common structural unit of oligosaccharides, in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate. 3
GO:0002143 tRNA wobble position uridine thiolation The process in which a uridine residue at position 34 in the anticodon of a tRNA is post-transcriptionally thiolated at the C2 position. This process involves transfer of a sulfur from cysteine to position C2 by several steps. 3
GO:0044205 'de novo' UMP biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of UMP, uridine monophosphate, starting with the synthesis of (S)-dihydroorotate from bicarbonate; UMP biosynthesis may either occur via reduction by quinone, NAD(+) or oxygen. 3
GO:0006426 glycyl-tRNA aminoacylation The process of coupling glycine to glycyl-tRNA, catalyzed by glycyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA. 3
GO:0015964 diadenosine triphosphate catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of diadenosine triphosphate, a derivative of the nucleoside adenosine with three phosphate groups attached. 3
GO:0080009 mRNA methylation The posttranscriptional addition of methyl groups to specific residues in an mRNA molecule. 3
GO:0070898 RNA polymerase III transcriptional preinitiation complex assembly The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins on promoter DNA to form the transcriptional preinitiation complex (PIC), the formation of which is a prerequisite for transcription from an RNA polymerase III promoter. 3
GO:0000294 nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, endonucleolytic cleavage-dependent decay A minor degradation pathway nuclear-transcribed mRNAs that begins with an endonucleolytic cleavage to generate unprotected ends. 3
GO:0001682 tRNA 5'-leader removal Generation of the mature 5'-end of the tRNA, usually via an endonucleolytic cleavage by RNase P. 3
GO:2001295 malonyl-CoA biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of malonyl-CoA, the S-malonyl derivative of coenzyme A. 3
GO:0043144 snoRNA processing Any process involved in the conversion of a primary small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) transcript into a mature snoRNA. 3
GO:0034472 snRNA 3'-end processing Any process involved in forming the mature 3' end of an snRNA molecule. 3
GO:0046135 pyrimidine nucleoside catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of one of a family of organic molecules consisting of a pyrimidine base covalently bonded to a sugar ribose (a ribonucleoside) or deoxyribose (a deoxyribonucleoside). 3
GO:0046040 IMP metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving IMP, inosine monophosphate. 3
GO:0009132 nucleoside diphosphate metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving a nucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar. 3
GO:0046086 adenosine biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of adenosine, adenine riboside, a ribonucleoside found widely distributed in cells of every type as the free nucleoside and in combination in nucleic acids and various nucleoside coenzymes. 3
GO:0006163 purine nucleotide metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving a purine nucleotide, a compound consisting of nucleoside (a purine base linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar. 3
GO:0042794 rRNA transcription from plastid promoter The synthesis of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) from a plastid DNA template, usually by a specific plastid RNA polymerase. 3
GO:0006419 alanyl-tRNA aminoacylation The process of coupling alanine to alanyl-tRNA, catalyzed by alanyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA. 3
GO:0016075 rRNA catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of rRNA, ribosomal RNA, a structural constituent of ribosomes. 3
GO:0071034 CUT catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cryptic unstable transcripts (CUTs). 3
GO:0042350 GDP-L-fucose biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of GDP-L-fucose, a substance composed of L-fucose in glycosidic linkage with guanosine diphosphate. 3
GO:0006384 transcription initiation from RNA polymerase III promoter Any process involved in the assembly of the RNA polymerase III preinitiation complex (PIC) at an RNA polymerase III promoter region of a DNA template, resulting in the subsequent synthesis of RNA from that promoter. The initiation phase includes PIC assembly and the formation of the first few bonds in the RNA chain, including abortive initiation, which occurs when the first few nucleotides are repeatedly synthesized and then released. Promoter clearance, or release, is the transition between the initiation and elongation phases of transcription. 3
GO:0010239 chloroplast mRNA processing Steps involved in processing precursor RNAs arising from transcription of operons in the chloroplast genome into mature mRNAs. 3
GO:0034654 nucleobase-containing compound biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids. 3
GO:0015966 diadenosine tetraphosphate biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of diadenosine tetraphosphate, a derivative of the nucleoside adenosine with four phosphate groups attached. 3
GO:0009154 purine ribonucleotide catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a purine ribonucleotide, a compound consisting of ribonucleoside (a purine base linked to a ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar. 3
GO:0042796 snRNA transcription from RNA polymerase III promoter The synthesis of small nuclear RNA (snRNA) from a DNA template by RNA Polymerase III (Pol III), originating at a Pol III promoter. 3
GO:0009202 deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar. 3
GO:0000244 assembly of spliceosomal tri-snRNP The formation of a tri-snRNP complex containing U4 and U6 (or U4atac and U6atac) snRNAs and U5 snRNAs and associated proteins. This includes reannealing of U4 and U6 (or U4atac and U6atac) snRNAs released from previous rounds of splicing to reform the U4/U6 snRNP (or U4atac/U6atac snRNP) as well as the subsequent association of the U5 snRNP with the U4/U6 snRNP (or U4atac/U6atac snRNP) to form a tri-snRNP that is ready to reassemble into another spliceosome complex. 3
GO:0070159 mitochondrial threonyl-tRNA aminoacylation The process of coupling threonine to threonyl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by threonyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA. 3
GO:0046129 purine ribonucleoside biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any purine ribonucleoside, a nucleoside in which purine base is linked to a ribose (beta-D-ribofuranose) molecule. 3
GO:0070476 rRNA (guanine-N7)-methylation The addition of a methyl group to the N7 atom in the base portion of a guanine nucleotide residue in an rRNA molecule. 3
GO:0046499 S-adenosylmethioninamine metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving S-adenosylmethioninamine, (5-deoxy-5-adenosyl)(3-aminopropyl) methylsulfonium salt. 3
GO:1901259 chloroplast rRNA processing Any rRNA processing that takes place in chloroplast. 3
GO:0006188 IMP biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of IMP, inosine monophosphate. 3
GO:0000464 endonucleolytic cleavage in ITS1 upstream of 5.8S rRNA from tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA) Endonucleolytic cleavage within Internal Transcribed Spacer 1 (ITS1) upstream of the 5.8S rRNA derived from an originally tricistronic rRNA transcript that contained the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, the 5.8S rRNA, and the Large Subunit (LSU) rRNA in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript. In S. cerevisiae, this endonucleolytic cleavage within ITS1 initiates the maturation of the LSU and the 5.8S rRNAs. 3
GO:0043097 pyrimidine nucleoside salvage Any process that generates a pyrimidine nucleoside, one of a family of organic molecules consisting of a pyrimidine base covalently bonded to a sugar ribose, from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis. 3
GO:0006223 uracil salvage Any process that generates uracil, 2,4-dioxopyrimidine, from derivatives of it without de novo synthesis. 2
GO:0009141 nucleoside triphosphate metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving a nucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar. 2
GO:0016553 base conversion or substitution editing Any base modification or substitution events that result in alterations in the coding potential or structural properties of RNAs as a result of changes in the base-pairing properties of the modified ribonucleoside(s). 2
GO:0070127 tRNA aminoacylation for mitochondrial protein translation The synthesis of aminoacyl tRNA by the formation of an ester bond between the 3'-hydroxyl group of the most 3' adenosine of the tRNA, to be used in ribosome-mediated polypeptide synthesis in a mitochondrion. 2
GO:0033353 S-adenosylmethionine cycle A cyclic series of interconversions involving S-adenosylmethionine, S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine, L-cysteine, and L-methionine. Couples utilization of the methyl group of SAM with recycling of the homocysteinyl group and regeneration of methionine. 2
GO:0009205 purine ribonucleoside triphosphate metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving purine ribonucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar. 2
GO:0042351 'de novo' GDP-L-fucose biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of GDP-L-fucose from GDP-D-mannose via GDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-D-mannose, requiring the functions of GDP-mannose 4,6-dehydratase (EC:4.2.1.47) and GDP-L-fucose synthase (EC:1.1.1.271). 2
GO:0031118 rRNA pseudouridine synthesis The intramolecular conversion of uridine to pseudouridine in an rRNA molecule. 2
GO:0000488 maturation of LSU-rRNA from tetracistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, LSU-rRNA, 4.5S-rRNA, 5S-rRNA) Any process involved in the maturation of a precursor Large SubUnit (LSU) ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule into a mature LSU-rRNA molecule from the pre-rRNA molecule originally produced as a tetracistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, Large Subunit (LSU) the 4.5S rRNA, and the 5S rRNA in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript. 2
GO:1901069 guanosine-containing compound catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of guanosine-containing compounds (guanosines). 2
GO:0009158 ribonucleoside monophosphate catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a ribonucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a ribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar. 2
GO:0031125 rRNA 3'-end processing Any process involved in forming the mature 3' end of an rRNA molecule. 2
GO:0008616 queuosine biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of queuosines, any of a series of nucleosides found in tRNA and having an additional pentenyl ring added via an NH group to the methyl group of 7-methylguanosine. The pentenyl ring may carry other substituents. 2
GO:1900018 phosphorylation of RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain serine 5 residues involved in recruitment of mRNA capping enzyme to RNA polymerase II holoenzyme complex Any phosphorylation of RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain serine 5 residues that is involved in recruitment of mRNA capping enzyme to RNA polymerase II holoenzyme complex. 2
GO:0006430 lysyl-tRNA aminoacylation The process of coupling lysine to lysyl-tRNA, catalyzed by lysyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA. 2
GO:0006557 S-adenosylmethioninamine biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of S-adenosylmethioninamine, (5-deoxy-5-adenosyl)(3-aminopropyl) methylsulfonium salt. 2
GO:0009168 purine ribonucleoside monophosphate biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of purine ribonucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar. 2
GO:0006177 GMP biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of GMP, guanosine monophosphate. 2
GO:0010599 production of lsiRNA involved in RNA interference Cleavage of double-stranded RNA to form lsiRNA (long small interfering RNA), a class of siRNAs 30 to 40 nt in length. lsiRNAs are induced by pathogen infection or under specific growth conditions. 2
GO:0042352 GDP-L-fucose salvage The formation of GDP-L-fucose from L-fucose, without de novo synthesis. L-fucose is phosphorylated by fucokinase and then converted by fucose-1-phosphate guanylyltransferase (EC:2.7.7.30). 2
GO:0034470 ncRNA processing Any process that results in the conversion of one or more primary non-coding RNA (ncRNA) transcripts into one or more mature ncRNA molecules. 2
GO:0009200 deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving a deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar. 2
GO:0000494 box C/D snoRNA 3'-end processing Any process involved in forming the mature 3' end of a box C/D snoRNA molecule. 2
GO:0006427 histidyl-tRNA aminoacylation The process of coupling histidine to histidyl-tRNA, catalyzed by histidyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA. 2
GO:0006422 aspartyl-tRNA aminoacylation The process of coupling aspartate to aspartyl-tRNA, catalyzed by aspartyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA. 2
GO:0046134 pyrimidine nucleoside biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of one of a family of organic molecules consisting of a pyrimidine base covalently bonded to a sugar ribose (a ribonucleoside) or deoxyribose (a deoxyribonucleoside). 2
GO:0000288 nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, deadenylation-dependent decay A major pathway of degradation of nuclear-transcribed mRNAs that proceeds through a series of ordered steps that includes poly(A) tail shortening and that can regulate mRNA stability. 2
GO:0000489 maturation of SSU-rRNA from tetracistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, LSU-rRNA, 4.5S-rRNA, 5S-rRNA) Any process involved in the maturation of a precursor Small SubUnit (SSU) ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule into a mature SSU-rRNA molecule from the pre-rRNA molecule originally produced as a tetracistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, Large Subunit (LSU) the 4.5S rRNA, and the 5S rRNA in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript. 2
GO:0070919 production of siRNA involved in chromatin silencing by small RNA Cleavage of double-stranded RNA to form small interfering RNA molecules (siRNAs) of 21-23 nucleotides, in the context of chromatin silencing by small RNA. 2
GO:0006171 cAMP biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the nucleotide cAMP (cyclic AMP, adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate). 2
GO:0009181 purine ribonucleoside diphosphate catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of purine ribonucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar. 2
GO:0030969 UFP-specific transcription factor mRNA processing involved in endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response The spliceosome-independent cleavage and ligation of the mRNA encoding a UFP-specific transcription factor to remove a single intron, thereby increasing both the translational efficiency of the processed mRNA and the activity of the protein it encodes. 2
GO:0080180 2-methylguanosine metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving 2-methylguanosine. 1
GO:0032264 IMP salvage Any process which produces inosine monophosphate from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis. 1
GO:0042789 mRNA transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter The cellular synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA) from a DNA template by RNA polymerase II, originating at an RNA polymerase II promoter. 1
GO:0009143 nucleoside triphosphate catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a nucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar. 1
GO:0070918 production of small RNA involved in gene silencing by RNA The process in which a double-stranded RNA precursor is processed into short (20-30 nt) fragments. RNA cleavage is catalyzed by a Dicer endonuclease. 1
GO:0097293 XMP biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of XMP, xanthosine monophosphate. 1
GO:0097056 selenocysteinyl-tRNA(Sec) biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of selenocysteinyl-tRNA(Sec). This process occurs through the following steps: a unique serine-tRNA with a UGA recognizing anticodon is first aminoacylated with serine; this is then phosphorylated by phosphoseryl-tRNA[Ser]Sec kinase; lastly, selenium is swapped for the phosphate on the serine. 1
GO:0009218 pyrimidine ribonucleotide metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving a pyrimidine ribonucleotide, a compound consisting of nucleoside (a pyrimidine base linked to a ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar. 1
GO:0000453 enzyme-directed rRNA 2'-O-methylation The addition of methyl groups to the 2'-oxygen atom of nucleotide residues in an rRNA molecule during ribosome biogenesis where the methylase specifies the site that becomes methylated without using a guide RNA. 1
GO:0000350 generation of catalytic spliceosome for second transesterification step Conformational rearrangement of the spliceosomal complex containing the RNA products from the 1st step of splicing to form the catalytic site for the second step of splicing. 1
GO:0000495 box H/ACA snoRNA 3'-end processing Any process involved in forming the mature 3' end of a box H/ACA snoRNA molecule. 1
GO:0043630 ncRNA polyadenylation involved in polyadenylation-dependent ncRNA catabolic process The enzymatic addition of a sequence of adenylyl residues (polyadenylation) at the 3' end of a non-coding RNA, occurring as part of the process of polyadenylation-dependent non-coding RNA catabolism. 1
GO:0009127 purine nucleoside monophosphate biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of purine nucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar. 1
GO:0000965 mitochondrial RNA 3'-end processing Any process involved in forming the mature 3' end of an RNA molecule transcribed from a mitochondrial genome; occurs in the mitochondrion. 1
GO:1901068 guanosine-containing compound metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving guanosine-containing compounds (guanosines). 1
GO:0008618 7-methylguanosine metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving 7-methylguanosine, a modified nucleoside that forms a cap at the 5'-terminus of eukaryotic mRNA. 1
GO:0019860 uracil metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving uracil, 2,4-dioxopyrimidine, one of the pyrimidine bases occurring in RNA, but not in DNA. 1
GO:0046443 FAD metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving FAD, the oxidized form of flavin adenine dinucleotide. 1
GO:0009156 ribonucleoside monophosphate biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a ribonucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a ribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar. 1
GO:0070054 mRNA splicing, via endonucleolytic cleavage and ligation Splicing of mRNA substrates via recognition of the folded RNA structure that brings the 5' and 3' splice sites into proximity and cleavage of the RNA at both the 3' and 5' splice sites by an endonucleolytic mechanism, followed by ligation of the exons. 1
GO:0070525 threonylcarbamoyladenosine metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving threonylcarbamoyladenosine, a modified nucleoside found in some tRNA molecules. 1
GO:0097394 telomeric RNA transcription from RNA pol II promoter The synthesis of telomeric RNA from a DNA template by RNA Polymerase II (Pol II), originating at a Pol II promoter. 1
GO:0009185 ribonucleoside diphosphate metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving a ribonucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a ribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar. 1
GO:0009217 purine deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of purine deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar. 1
GO:0000388 spliceosome conformational change to release U4 (or U4atac) and U1 (or U11) Rearrangement of the pre-catalytic spliceosome containing U4 (or U4atac) and U1 (or U11) snRNPs to unpair U4 (or U4atac) from U6 (or U6atac) and release it from the spliceosomal complex along with U1 (or U11). 1
GO:0006437 tyrosyl-tRNA aminoacylation The process of coupling tyrosine to tyrosyl-tRNA, catalyzed by tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA. 1
GO:0019988 charged-tRNA amino acid modification The covalent alteration of an amino acid charged on a tRNA before it is incorporated into a protein, as in N-formylmethionine, selenocysteine or pyrrolysine. 1
GO:0009167 purine ribonucleoside monophosphate metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving purine ribonucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar. 1
GO:0019363 pyridine nucleotide biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a pyridine nucleotide, a nucleotide characterized by a pyridine derivative as a nitrogen base. 1
GO:0000966 RNA 5'-end processing Any process involved in forming the mature 5' end of an RNA molecule. 1
GO:0001123 transcription initiation from bacterial-type RNA polymerase promoter Any process involved in the assembly of bacterial-type RNA polymerase preinitiation complex (PIC) at the core promoter region of a DNA template, resulting in the subsequent synthesis of RNA from that promoter. The initiation phase includes PIC assembly and the formation of the first few bonds in the RNA chain, including abortive initiation, which occurs when the first few nucleotides are repeatedly synthesized and then released. The initiation phase ends just before and does not include promoter clearance, or release, which is the transition between the initiation and elongation phases of transcription. 1
GO:0006193 ITP catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ITP, inosine (5'-)triphosphate. 1
GO:0043039 tRNA aminoacylation The chemical reactions and pathways by which the various amino acids become bonded to their corresponding tRNAs. The most common route for synthesis of aminoacyl tRNA is by the formation of an ester bond between the 3'-hydroxyl group of the most 3' adenosine of the tRNA, usually catalyzed by the cognate aminoacyl-tRNA ligase. A given aminoacyl-tRNA ligase aminoacylates all species of an isoaccepting group of tRNA molecules. 1
GO:0006434 seryl-tRNA aminoacylation The process of coupling serine to seryl-tRNA, catalyzed by seryl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA. 1
GO:0070903 mitochondrial tRNA thio-modification The addition a sulfur atom to a nucleotide in a mitochondrial tRNA molecule. 1
GO:0009179 purine ribonucleoside diphosphate metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving purine ribonucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar. 1
GO:0009780 photosynthetic NADP+ reduction An NADPH regeneration process that contributes to the light reactions of photosynthesis. The light reactions of photosynthesis use energy from photons to generate high-energy electrons. These electrons are used directly to reduce NADP+ to NADPH. NADPH is a relatively stable molecule and can pass on its hydrogen atom to other molecules in chemical reactions. 1
GO:0071049 nuclear retention of pre-mRNA with aberrant 3'-ends at the site of transcription The process involved in retention of mRNAs that have incorrectly formed 3'-ends within the nucleus at the site of transcription. 1
GO:0080179 1-methylguanosine metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving 1-methylguanosine. 1
GO:0034475 U4 snRNA 3'-end processing Any process involved in forming the mature 3' end of a U4 snRNA molecule. 1
GO:0034355 NAD salvage Any process that generates nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis; salvage is usually from the degradation products nicotinic acid (Na) and nicotinamide (Nam). 1
GO:0071076 RNA 3' uridylation The enzymatic addition of a sequence of uridylyl residues at the 3' end of an RNA molecule. 1
GO:0043103 hypoxanthine salvage Any process that generates hypoxanthine, 6-hydroxy purine, from derivatives of it without de novo synthesis. 1
GO:0046048 UDP metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving UDP, uridine (5'-)diphosphate. 1
GO:0009213 pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar. 1
GO:0009304 tRNA transcription The synthesis of transfer RNA (tRNA) from a DNA template. 1
GO:0006145 purine nucleobase catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of purine nucleobases, one of the two classes of nitrogen-containing ring compounds found in DNA and RNA, which include adenine and guanine. 1
GO:0070184 mitochondrial tyrosyl-tRNA aminoacylation The process of coupling threonine to tyrosyl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA. 1
GO:0006428 isoleucyl-tRNA aminoacylation The process of coupling isoleucine to isoleucyl-tRNA, catalyzed by isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA. 1
GO:0009394 2'-deoxyribonucleotide metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving a 2'-deoxyribonucleotide, a compound consisting of 2'-deoxyribonucleoside (a base linked to a 2'-deoxyribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar. 1
GO:0006204 IMP catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of IMP, inosine monophosphate. 1
GO:0046131 pyrimidine ribonucleoside metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving any ribonucleoside, a nucleoside in which pyrimidine base is linked to a ribose (beta-D-ribofuranose) molecule. 1
GO:0016078 tRNA catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of tRNA, transfer RNA, a class of relatively small RNA molecules responsible for mediating the insertion of amino acids into the sequence of nascent polypeptide chains during protein synthesis. 1
GO:0019856 pyrimidine nucleobase biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyrimidine nucleobases, 1,3-diazine, organic nitrogenous bases. 1
GO:0031119 tRNA pseudouridine synthesis The intramolecular conversion of uridine to pseudouridine in a tRNA molecule. 1
GO:0000957 mitochondrial RNA catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of RNA transcribed from the mitochondrial genome and occurring in the mitochondrion. 1
GO:0000958 mitochondrial mRNA catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of mRNA transcribed from the mitochondrial genome and occurring in the mitochondrion. 1
GO:0006220 pyrimidine nucleotide metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving a pyrimidine nucleotide, a compound consisting of nucleoside (a pyrimidine base linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar. 1
GO:0034965 intronic box C/D snoRNA processing Any process involved in the conversion of a primary box C/D type small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) transcript that resides within, and is processed from, the intron of a pre-mRNA into a mature box C/D snoRNA. 1
GO:0006435 threonyl-tRNA aminoacylation The process of coupling threonine to threonyl-tRNA, catalyzed by threonyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA. 1
GO:0006353 DNA-dependent transcription, termination The cellular process that completes DNA-dependent transcription; the formation of phosphodiester bonds ceases, the RNA-DNA hybrid dissociates, and RNA polymerase releases the DNA. 1
GO:0034476 U5 snRNA 3'-end processing Any process involved in forming the mature 3' end of a U5 snRNA molecule. 1