Go terms map to parent GO term: GO:0006259   DNA metabolic process
GOID
Link to GO
 Functional Category Description Protein Count
link to
protein list
GO:0006281 DNA repair The process of restoring DNA after damage. Genomes are subject to damage by chemical and physical agents in the environment (e.g. UV and ionizing radiations, chemical mutagens, fungal and bacterial toxins, etc.) and by free radicals or alkylating agents endogenously generated in metabolism. DNA is also damaged because of errors during its replication. A variety of different DNA repair pathways have been reported that include direct reversal, base excision repair, nucleotide excision repair, photoreactivation, bypass, double-strand break repair pathway, and mismatch repair pathway. 332
GO:0000724 double-strand break repair via homologous recombination The error-free repair of a double-strand break in DNA in which the broken DNA molecule is repaired using homologous sequences. A strand in the broken DNA searches for a homologous region in an intact chromosome to serve as the template for DNA synthesis. The restoration of two intact DNA molecules results in the exchange, reciprocal or nonreciprocal, of genetic material between the intact DNA molecule and the broken DNA molecule. 197
GO:0007131 reciprocal meiotic recombination The cell cycle process in which double strand breaks are formed and repaired through a double Holliday junction intermediate. This results in the equal exchange of genetic material between non-sister chromatids in a pair of homologous chromosomes. These reciprocal recombinant products ensure the proper segregation of homologous chromosomes during meiosis I and create genetic diversity. 192
GO:0006306 DNA methylation The covalent transfer of a methyl group to either N-6 of adenine or C-5 or N-4 of cytosine. 141
GO:0042023 DNA endoreduplication Regulated re-replication of DNA within a single cell cycle, resulting in an increased cell ploidy. An example of this process occurs in the synthesis of Drosophila salivary gland cell polytene chromosomes. 134
GO:0006301 postreplication repair The conversion of DNA-damage induced single-stranded gaps into large molecular weight DNA after replication. Includes pathways that remove replication-blocking lesions in conjunction with DNA replication. 117
GO:0006260 DNA replication The cellular metabolic process in which a cell duplicates one or more molecules of DNA. DNA replication begins when specific sequences, known as origins of replication, are recognized and bound by initiation proteins, and ends when the original DNA molecule has been completely duplicated and the copies topologically separated. The unit of replication usually corresponds to the genome of the cell, an organelle, or a virus. The template for replication can either be an existing DNA molecule or RNA. 109
GO:0030261 chromosome condensation The progressive compaction of dispersed interphase chromatin into threadlike chromosomes prior to mitotic or meiotic nuclear division, or during apoptosis, in eukaryotic cells. 88
GO:0006289 nucleotide-excision repair A DNA repair process in which a small region of the strand surrounding the damage is removed from the DNA helix as an oligonucleotide. The small gap left in the DNA helix is filled in by the sequential action of DNA polymerase and DNA ligase. Nucleotide excision repair recognizes a wide range of substrates, including damage caused by UV irradiation (pyrimidine dimers and 6-4 photoproducts) and chemicals (intrastrand cross-links and bulky adducts). 87
GO:0006310 DNA recombination Any process in which a new genotype is formed by reassortment of genes resulting in gene combinations different from those that were present in the parents. In eukaryotes genetic recombination can occur by chromosome assortment, intrachromosomal recombination, or nonreciprocal interchromosomal recombination. Intrachromosomal recombination occurs by crossing over. In bacteria it may occur by genetic transformation, conjugation, transduction, or F-duction. 86
GO:0006283 transcription-coupled nucleotide-excision repair The nucleotide-excision repair process that carries out preferential repair of DNA lesions on the actively transcribed strand of the DNA duplex. In addition, the transcription-coupled nucleotide-excision repair pathway is required for the recognition and repair of a small subset of lesions that are not recognized by the global genome nucleotide excision repair pathway. 80
GO:0006270 DNA replication initiation The process in which DNA-dependent DNA replication is started; this involves the separation of a stretch of the DNA double helix, the recruitment of DNA polymerases and the initiation of polymerase action. 79
GO:0006302 double-strand break repair The repair of double-strand breaks in DNA via homologous and nonhomologous mechanisms to reform a continuous DNA helix. 75
GO:0006261 DNA-dependent DNA replication A DNA replication process that uses parental DNA as a template for the DNA-dependent DNA polymerases that synthesize the new strands. 74
GO:0000729 DNA double-strand break processing The 5' to 3' exonucleolytic resection of the DNA at the site of the break to form a 3' single-strand DNA overhang. 70
GO:0000723 telomere maintenance Any process that contributes to the maintenance of proper telomeric length and structure by affecting and monitoring the activity of telomeric proteins and the length of telomeric DNA. These processes includes those that shorten and lengthen the telomeric DNA sequences. 65
GO:0006265 DNA topological change The process in which a transformation is induced in the topological structure of a double-stranded DNA helix, resulting in a change in linking number. 50
GO:0043247 telomere maintenance in response to DNA damage Any process that occur in response to the presence of critically short telomeres. 48
GO:0019985 translesion synthesis The replication of damaged DNA by synthesis across a lesion in the template strand; a specialized DNA polymerase or replication complex inserts a defined nucleotide across from the lesion which allows DNA synthesis to continue beyond the lesion. This process can be mutagenic depending on the damaged nucleotide and the inserted nucleotide. 47
GO:0006309 apoptotic DNA fragmentation The cleavage of DNA during apoptosis, which usually occurs in two stages: cleavage into fragments of about 50 kbp followed by cleavage between nucleosomes to yield 200 bp fragments. 47
GO:0006336 DNA replication-independent nucleosome assembly The formation of nucleosomes outside the context of DNA replication. 46
GO:0006312 mitotic recombination The exchange, reciprocal or nonreciprocal, of genetic material between one DNA molecule and a homologous region of DNA that occurs during mitotic cell cycles. 45
GO:0042262 DNA protection Any process in which DNA is protected from damage by, for example, oxidative stress. 45
GO:0033151 V(D)J recombination The process in which immune receptor V, D, and J, or V and J gene segments, depending on the specific receptor, are recombined within a single locus utilizing the conserved heptamer and nonomer recombination signal sequences (RSS). 40
GO:0016584 nucleosome positioning Ordering of successions of nucleosomes into regular arrays so that nucleosomes are positioned at defined distances from one another. 37
GO:0006334 nucleosome assembly The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a nucleosome, the beadlike structural units of eukaryotic chromatin composed of histones and DNA. 37
GO:0042276 error-prone translesion synthesis The conversion of DNA-damage induced single-stranded gaps into large molecular weight DNA after replication by using a specialized DNA polymerase or replication complex to insert a defined nucleotide across the lesion. This process does not remove the replication-blocking lesions and causes an increase in the endogenous mutation level. For example, in E. coli, a low fidelity DNA polymerase, pol V, copies lesions that block replication fork progress. This produces mutations specifically targeted to DNA template damage sites, but it can also produce mutations at undamaged sites. 36
GO:0070914 UV-damage excision repair A DNA repair process that is initiated by an endonuclease that introduces a single-strand incision immediately 5' of a UV-induced damage site. UV-damage excision repair acts on both cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) and pyrimidine-pyrimidone 6-4 photoproducts (6-4PPs). 34
GO:0032508 DNA duplex unwinding The process in which interchain hydrogen bonds between two strands of DNA are broken or 'melted', generating a region of unpaired single strands. 33
GO:0048291 isotype switching to IgG isotypes The switching of activated B cells from IgM biosynthesis to biosynthesis of an IgG isotype, accomplished through a recombination process involving an intrachromosomal deletion between switch regions that reside 5' of the IgM and one of the IgG constant region gene segments in the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus. 33
GO:0051103 DNA ligation involved in DNA repair The re-formation of a broken phosphodiester bond in the DNA backbone, carried out by DNA ligase, that contributes to DNA repair. 33
GO:0034080 CENP-A containing nucleosome assembly at centromere The formation of nucleosomes containing the histone H3 variant CenH3 (also called CENP-A) to form centromeric chromatin; occurs outside the context of DNA replication. 32
GO:0000718 nucleotide-excision repair, DNA damage removal The removal of the oligonucleotide that contains the DNA damage. The oligonucleotide is formed by dual incisions that flank the site of DNA damage. 32
GO:0042275 error-free postreplication DNA repair The conversion of DNA-damage induced single-stranded gaps into large molecular weight DNA via processes such as template switching, which does not remove the replication-blocking lesions and but does not increase the endogenous mutation rate. 31
GO:0006267 nuclear pre-replicative complex assembly The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the nuclear pre-replicative complex, a protein-DNA complex that forms at eukaryotic DNA replication origins during late M phase; its presence is required for replication initiation. 30
GO:0016444 somatic cell DNA recombination Recombination occurring within or between DNA molecules in somatic cells. 30
GO:0031297 replication fork processing The process in which a DNA replication fork that has stalled (due to DNA damage, DNA secondary structure, bound proteins, dNTP shortage, or other causes) is repaired and replication is restarted. 30
GO:0000722 telomere maintenance via recombination Any recombinational process that contributes to the maintenance of proper telomeric length. 29
GO:0006268 DNA unwinding involved in replication The process in which interchain hydrogen bonds between two strands of DNA are broken or 'melted', generating unpaired template strands for DNA replication. 29
GO:0007307 eggshell chorion gene amplification Amplification by up to 60-fold of the loci containing the chorion gene clusters. Amplification is necessary for the rapid synthesis of chorion proteins by the follicle cells, and occurs by repeated firing of one or more origins located within each gene cluster. 28
GO:0006284 base-excision repair In base excision repair, an altered base is removed by a DNA glycosylase enzyme, followed by excision of the resulting sugar phosphate. The small gap left in the DNA helix is filled in by the sequential action of DNA polymerase and DNA ligase. 28
GO:0070987 error-free translesion synthesis The conversion of DNA-damage induced single-stranded gaps into large molecular weight DNA after replication by using a specialized DNA polymerase or replication complex to insert a defined nucleotide across the lesion. This process does not remove the replication-blocking lesions but does not causes an increase in the endogenous mutation level. For S. cerevisiae, RAD30 encodes DNA polymerase eta, which incorporates two adenines. When incorporated across a thymine-thymine dimer, it does not increase the endogenous mutation level. 27
GO:0032201 telomere maintenance via semi-conservative replication The process in which telomeric DNA is synthesized semi-conservatively by the conventional replication machinery and telomeric accessory factors. 27
GO:0006303 double-strand break repair via nonhomologous end joining The repair of a double-strand break in DNA in which the two broken ends are rejoined with little or no sequence complementarity. Information at the DNA ends may be lost due to the modification of broken DNA ends. 27
GO:0006297 nucleotide-excision repair, DNA gap filling Repair of the gap in the DNA helix by DNA polymerase and DNA ligase after the portion of the strand containing the lesion has been removed by pyrimidine-dimer repair enzymes. 21
GO:0000733 DNA strand renaturation The identification and annealing of complementary base pairs in single-strand DNA. 19
GO:0031507 heterochromatin assembly The assembly of chromatin into heterochromatin, a compact and highly condensed form that is often, but not always, transcriptionally silent. 19
GO:0080188 RNA-directed DNA methylation An epigenetic RNA-based gene silencing process first elucidated in plants whereby 24-nt small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) guide DNA methyltransferases to the siRNA-generating genomic loci and other loci that are homologous to the siRNAs for de novo DNA methylation. In general this process consists of three phases: biogenesis of siRNAs, scaffold RNA production, and the formation of the guiding complex that recruits de novo DNA methyltransferases to the target loci. 18
GO:0006278 RNA-dependent DNA replication A DNA replication process that uses RNA as a template for RNA-dependent DNA polymerases (e.g. reverse transcriptase) that synthesize the new strands. 18
GO:0006272 leading strand elongation The synthesis of DNA from a template strand in the 5' to 3' direction; leading strand elongation is continuous as it proceeds in the same direction as the replication fork. 16
GO:0043111 replication fork arrest Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA replication by impeding the progress of the DNA replication fork. 16
GO:0006298 mismatch repair A system for the correction of errors in which an incorrect base, which cannot form hydrogen bonds with the corresponding base in the parent strand, is incorporated into the daughter strand. The mismatch repair system promotes genomic fidelity by repairing base-base mismatches, insertion-deletion loops and heterologies generated during DNA replication and recombination. 16
GO:0031508 centromeric heterochromatin assembly The assembly of chromatin into heterochromatin near the centromere. 15
GO:0016233 telomere capping A process in which telomeres are protected from degradation and fusion, thereby ensuring chromosome stability by protecting the ends from both degradation and from being recognized as damaged DNA. May be mediated by specific single- or double-stranded telomeric DNA binding proteins. 15
GO:0070911 global genome nucleotide-excision repair The nucleotide-excision repair process in which DNA lesions are removed from nontranscribed strands and from transcriptionally silent regions over the entire genome. 14
GO:0010216 maintenance of DNA methylation Any process involved in maintaining the methylation state of a nucleotide sequence. 13
GO:0000706 meiotic DNA double-strand break processing The cell cycle process in which the 5' to 3' exonucleolytic resection of the DNA at the site of the break to form a 3' single-strand DNA overhang occurs. This takes place during meiosis. 13
GO:0043137 DNA replication, removal of RNA primer Removal of the Okazaki RNA primer from the lagging strand of replicating DNA, by a combination of the actions of DNA polymerase, DNA helicase and an endonuclease. 12
GO:0000710 meiotic mismatch repair A system for the identification and correction of base-base mismatches, small insertion-deletion loops, and regions of heterology that are present in duplex DNA formed with strands from two recombining molecules. Correction of the mismatch can result in non-Mendelian segregation of alleles following meiosis. 12
GO:0007535 donor selection The process that determines which donor locus a cell uses, in preference to another, in mating type switching. 12
GO:0045006 DNA deamination The removal of an amino group from a nucleotide base in DNA. An example is the deamination of cytosine to produce uracil. 12
GO:0006264 mitochondrial DNA replication The process in which new strands of DNA are synthesized in the mitochondrion. 11
GO:0015074 DNA integration The process in which a segment of DNA is incorporated into another, usually larger, DNA molecule such as a chromosome. 11
GO:0006271 DNA strand elongation involved in DNA replication The process in which a DNA strand is synthesized from template DNA during replication by the action of polymerases, which add nucleotides to the 3' end of the nascent DNA strand. 11
GO:0006308 DNA catabolic process The cellular DNA metabolic process resulting in the breakdown of DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid, one of the two main types of nucleic acid, consisting of a long unbranched macromolecule formed from one or two strands of linked deoxyribonucleotides, the 3'-phosphate group of each constituent deoxyribonucleotide being joined in 3',5'-phosphodiester linkage to the 5'-hydroxyl group of the deoxyribose moiety of the next one. 11
GO:0007076 mitotic chromosome condensation The cell cycle process in which chromatin structure is compacted prior to and during mitosis in eukaryotic cells. 10
GO:0006335 DNA replication-dependent nucleosome assembly The formation of nucleosomes on newly replicated DNA, coupled to strand elongation. 10
GO:0043570 maintenance of DNA repeat elements Any process involved in sustaining the fidelity and copy number of DNA repeat elements. 10
GO:2000775 histone H3-S10 phosphorylation involved in chromosome condensation Any histone H3-S10 phosphorylation that is involved in chromosome condensation. 10
GO:0000717 nucleotide-excision repair, DNA duplex unwinding The unwinding, or local denaturation, of the DNA duplex to create a bubble around the site of the DNA damage. 10
GO:0033683 nucleotide-excision repair, DNA incision A process that results in the endonucleolytic cleavage of the damaged strand of DNA. The incision occurs at the junction of single-stranded DNA and double-stranded DNA that is formed when the DNA duplex is unwound. 10
GO:0006311 meiotic gene conversion The cell cycle process in which genetic information is transferred from one helix to another. It often occurs in association with general genetic recombination events, and is believed to be a straightforward consequence of the mechanisms of general recombination and DNA repair. For example, meiosis might yield three copies of the maternal version of an allele and only one copy of the paternal allele, indicating that one of the two copies of the paternal allele has been changed to a copy of the maternal allele. 10
GO:0000719 photoreactive repair The repair of UV-induced T-T, C-T and C-C dimers by directly reversing the damage to restore the original pyrimidines. 9
GO:0045190 isotype switching The switching of activated B cells from IgM biosynthesis to biosynthesis of other isotypes of immunoglobulin, accomplished through a recombination process involving an intrachromosomal deletion involving switch regions that reside 5' of each constant region gene segment in the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus. 9
GO:0000731 DNA synthesis involved in DNA repair Synthesis of DNA that proceeds from the broken 3' single-strand DNA end uses the homologous intact duplex as the template. 8
GO:0006290 pyrimidine dimer repair The repair of UV-induced T-T, C-T and C-C dimers. 8
GO:0006288 base-excision repair, DNA ligation The ligation by DNA ligase of DNA strands. Ligation occurs after polymerase action to fill the gap left by the action of endonucleases during base-excision repair. 7
GO:0030491 heteroduplex formation The formation of a stable duplex DNA that contains one strand from each of the two recombining DNA molecules. 7
GO:0000012 single strand break repair The repair of single strand breaks in DNA. Repair of such breaks is mediated by the same enzyme systems as are used in base excision repair. 7
GO:0000734 gene conversion at mating-type locus, DNA repair synthesis Synthesis of DNA that proceeds from the broken 3' single-strand DNA end uses the homologous intact duplex as the template during gene conversion at the mating-type locus. 7
GO:0071897 DNA biosynthetic process The cellular DNA metabolic process resulting in the formation of DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid, one of the two main types of nucleic acid, consisting of a long unbranched macromolecule formed from one or two strands of linked deoxyribonucleotides, the 3'-phosphate group of each constituent deoxyribonucleotide being joined in 3',5'-phosphodiester linkage to the 5'-hydroxyl group of the deoxyribose moiety of the next one. 7
GO:0080111 DNA demethylation The removal of a methyl group from one or more nucleotides within an DNA molecule. 7
GO:0000712 resolution of meiotic recombination intermediates The cleavage and rejoining of intermediates, such as Holliday junctions, formed during meiotic recombination to produce two intact molecules in which genetic material has been exchanged. 6
GO:0042148 strand invasion The process in which the nucleoprotein complex (composed of the broken single-strand DNA and the recombinase) searches and identifies a region of homology in intact duplex DNA. The broken single-strand DNA displaces the like strand and forms Watson-Crick base pairs with its complement, forming a duplex in which each strand is from one of the two recombining DNA molecules. 6
GO:0000738 DNA catabolic process, exonucleolytic The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of DNA, involving the hydrolysis of terminal 3',5'-phosphodiester bonds in one or two strands of deoxyribonucleotides. 6
GO:0006269 DNA replication, synthesis of RNA primer The synthesis of a short RNA polymer, usually 4-15 nucleotides long, using one strand of unwound DNA as a template; the RNA then serves as a primer from which DNA polymerases extend synthesis. 5
GO:0007004 telomere maintenance via telomerase The maintenance of proper telomeric length by the addition of telomeric repeats by telomerase. 5
GO:0032042 mitochondrial DNA metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving mitochondrial DNA. 4
GO:0006273 lagging strand elongation The synthesis of DNA from a template strand in a net 3' to 5' direction. Lagging strand DNA elongation proceeds by discontinuous synthesis of short stretches of DNA, known as Okazaki fragments, from RNA primers; these fragments are then joined by DNA ligase. Although each segment of nascent DNA is synthesized in the 5' to 3' direction, the overall direction of lagging strand synthesis is 3' to 5', mirroring the progress of the replication fork. 4
GO:0006266 DNA ligation The re-formation of a broken phosphodiester bond in the DNA backbone, carried out by DNA ligase. 4
GO:0045003 double-strand break repair via synthesis-dependent strand annealing SDSA is a major mechanism of double-strand break repair in mitosis which allows for the error-free repair of a double-strand break without the exchange of adjacent sequences. The broken DNA searches for and base pairs with a homologous region in an intact chromosome. DNA synthesis initiates from the 3' end of the invading DNA strand, using the intact chromosome as the template. Newly synthesized DNA is then displaced from the template and anneal with its complement on the other side of the double-strand break. 4
GO:0071103 DNA conformation change A cellular process that results in a change in the spatial configuration of a DNA molecule. A conformation change can bend DNA, or alter the, twist, writhe, or linking number of a DNA molecule. 4
GO:0032392 DNA geometric change The process in which a transformation is induced in the geometry of a DNA double helix, resulting in a change in twist, writhe, or both, but with no change in linking number. Includes the unwinding of double-stranded DNA by helicases. 4
GO:0006307 DNA dealkylation involved in DNA repair The repair of alkylation damage, e.g. the removal of the alkyl group at the O6-position of guanine by O6-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase (AGT). 3
GO:0010032 meiotic chromosome condensation Compaction of chromatin structure prior to meiosis in eukaryotic cells. 3
GO:0006323 DNA packaging Any process in which DNA and associated proteins are formed into a compact, orderly structure. 3
GO:0045008 depyrimidination The disruption of the bond between the sugar in the backbone and the C or T base, causing the base to be removed and leaving a depyrimidinated sugar. 3
GO:0000727 double-strand break repair via break-induced replication The error-free repair of a double-strand break in DNA in which the centromere-proximal end of a broken chromosome searches for a homologous region in an intact chromosome. DNA synthesis initiates from the 3' end of the invading DNA strand, using the intact chromosome as the template, and progresses to the end of the chromosome. 3
GO:0033259 plastid DNA replication The process in which new strands of DNA are synthesized in a plastid. 3
GO:0070893 transposon integration Any process in which a transposable element is incorporated into another DNA molecule such as a chromosome. 3
GO:0000730 DNA recombinase assembly The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of strand exchange proteins (recombinases) into higher order oligomers on single-stranded DNA. 3
GO:0010424 DNA methylation on cytosine within a CG sequence The covalent transfer of a methyl group to C-5 or N-4 of a cytosine located within a CG sequence in a DNA molecule. 3
GO:0006287 base-excision repair, gap-filling Repair of the damaged strand by the combined action of an apurinic endouclease that degrades a few bases on the damaged strand and a polymerase that synthesizes a 'patch' in the 5' to 3' direction, using the undamaged strand as a template. 3
GO:0090116 C-5 methylation of cytosine The covalent transfer of a methyl group to C-5 of cytosine in a DNA molecule. 3
GO:0006296 nucleotide-excision repair, DNA incision, 5'-to lesion The endonucleolytic cleavage of the damaged strand of DNA 5' to the site of damage. The incision occurs at the junction of single-stranded DNA and double-stranded DNA that is formed when the DNA duplex is unwound. The incision follows the incision formed 3' to the site of damage. 3
GO:0007533 mating type switching The conversion of a single-cell organism from one mating type to another by the precise replacement of a DNA sequence at the expressed mating type locus with a copy of a sequence from a donor locus. 2
GO:0000709 meiotic joint molecule formation The conversion of the paired broken DNA and homologous duplex DNA into a four-stranded branched intermediate, known as a joint molecule, formed during meiotic recombination. These joint molecules contain Holliday junctions on either side of heteroduplex DNA. 2
GO:1900160 plastid DNA packaging Any process in which plastidial DNA and associated proteins are formed into a compact, orderly structure. 2
GO:0000737 DNA catabolic process, endonucleolytic The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of DNA, involving the hydrolysis of internal 3',5'-phosphodiester bonds in one or two strands of deoxyribonucleotides. 2
GO:0045002 double-strand break repair via single-strand annealing Repair of a DSB made between two repeated sequences oriented in the same direction occurs primarily by the single strand annealing pathway. The ends of the break are processed by a 5' to 3' exonuclease, exposing complementary single-strand regions of the direct repeats that can anneal, resulting in a deletion of the unique DNA between the direct repeats. 2
GO:0031497 chromatin assembly The assembly of DNA, histone proteins, other associated proteins, and sometimes RNA, into chromatin structure, beginning with the formation of the basic unit, the nucleosome, followed by organization of the nucleosomes into higher order structures, ultimately giving rise to a complex organization of specific domains within the nucleus. 2
GO:0010425 DNA methylation on cytosine within a CNG sequence The covalent transfer of a methyl group, to C-5 or N-4, of a cytosine located within a CNG sequence in a DNA molecule. N stands for any nucleotide. 2
GO:0032776 DNA methylation on cytosine The covalent transfer of a methyl group to C-5 or N-4 of cytosine in a DNA molecule. 2
GO:0000711 meiotic DNA repair synthesis During meiosis, the synthesis of DNA proceeding from the broken 3' single-strand DNA end that uses the homologous intact duplex as the template. 2
GO:0035511 oxidative DNA demethylation Removal of the methyl group from one or more nucleotides within a DNA molecule involving the oxidation (i.e. electron loss) of one or more atoms. 2
GO:0006285 base-excision repair, AP site formation The formation of an AP site, a deoxyribose sugar with a missing base, by DNA glycosylase which recognizes an altered base in DNA and catalyzes its hydrolytic removal. This sugar phosphate is the substrate recognized by the AP endonuclease, which cuts the DNA phosphodiester backbone at the 5' side of the altered site to leave a gap which is subsequently repaired. 1
GO:0045004 DNA replication proofreading Correction of replication errors by DNA polymerase using a 3'-5' exonuclease activity. 1
GO:0033567 DNA replication, Okazaki fragment processing The DNA metabolic process, occurring during lagging strand synthesis, by which RNA primers are removed from Okazaki fragments, the resulting gaps filled by DNA polymerization, and the ends ligated to form a continuous strand. 1
GO:0036292 DNA rewinding The process in which interchain hydrogen bonds between two single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) are reformed to regenerate double-stranded DNA (dsDNA). ssDNA is often bound and stabilized by proteins such as replication protein A (RPA) to form ssDNA bubbles. The bubbles can be rewound by ATP-dependent motors to reform base pairs between strands and thus dsDNA. 1
GO:0045007 depurination The disruption of the bond between the sugar in the backbone and the A or G base, causing the base to be removed and leaving a depurinated sugar. 1
GO:0035825 reciprocal DNA recombination A DNA recombination process that results in the equal exchange of genetic material between the recombining DNA molecules. 1
GO:0002204 somatic recombination of immunoglobulin genes involved in immune response The process in which immunoglobulin genes are formed through recombination of the germline genetic elements, also known as immunoglobulin gene segments, within a single locus following the induction of and contributing to an immune response. 1
GO:0006279 premeiotic DNA replication The replication of DNA that precedes meiotic cell division. 1
GO:0043046 DNA methylation involved in gamete generation The covalent transfer of a methyl group to C-5 of cytosine that contributes to the establishment of DNA methylation patterns in the gamete. 1
GO:0035092 sperm chromatin condensation The progressive compaction of the spermatid chromatin so that it reaches a level of condensation that is not compatible with nuclear activities such as transcription or DNA replication. 1
GO:0033153 T cell receptor V(D)J recombination The process in which T cell receptor V, D, and J, or V and J gene segments, depending on the specific locus, are recombined within a single locus utilizing the conserved heptamer and nonomer recombination signal sequences (RSS). 1
GO:0006304 DNA modification The covalent alteration of one or more nucleotide sites in DNA, resulting in a change in its properties. 1
GO:0033260 nuclear cell cycle DNA replication The DNA-dependent DNA replication that occurs in the nucleus of eukaryotic organisms as part of the cell cycle. 1
GO:0033152 immunoglobulin V(D)J recombination The process in which immunoglobulin gene segments are recombined within a single locus utilizing the conserved heptamer and nonomer recombination signal sequences (RSS). For immunoglobulin heavy chains V, D, and J gene segments are joined, and for immunoglobulin light chains V and J gene segments are joined. 1
GO:0051102 DNA ligation involved in DNA recombination The re-formation of a broken phosphodiester bond in the DNA backbone, carried out by DNA ligase, that contributes to DNA recombination. 1