Go terms map to parent GO term: GO:0006950   response to stress
GOID
Link to GO
 Functional Category Description Protein Count
link to
protein list
GO:0009651 response to salt stress Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating an increase or decrease in the concentration of salt (particularly but not exclusively sodium and chloride ions) in the environment. 1969
GO:0042742 defense response to bacterium Reactions triggered in response to the presence of a bacterium that act to protect the cell or organism. 1407
GO:0009409 response to cold Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cold stimulus, a temperature stimulus below the optimal temperature for that organism. 1245
GO:0009611 response to wounding Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating damage to the organism. 1125
GO:0009414 response to water deprivation Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a water deprivation stimulus, prolonged deprivation of water. 1102
GO:0050832 defense response to fungus Reactions triggered in response to the presence of a fungus that act to protect the cell or organism. 975
GO:0006979 response to oxidative stress Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of oxidative stress, a state often resulting from exposure to high levels of reactive oxygen species, e.g. superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radicals. 688
GO:0009408 response to heat Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a heat stimulus, a temperature stimulus above the optimal temperature for that organism. 643
GO:0042538 hyperosmotic salinity response Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detection of, or exposure to, an increase in the concentration of salt (particularly but not exclusively sodium and chloride ions) in the environment. 584
GO:0009627 systemic acquired resistance The salicylic acid mediated response to a pathogen which confers broad spectrum resistance. 507
GO:0009862 systemic acquired resistance, salicylic acid mediated signaling pathway The series of molecular signals mediated by salicylic acid involved in systemic acquired resistance. 502
GO:0042542 response to hydrogen peroxide Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) stimulus. 491
GO:0001666 response to hypoxia Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating lowered oxygen tension. Hypoxia, defined as a decline in O2 levels below normoxic levels of 20.8 - 20.95%, results in metabolic adaptation at both the cellular and organismal level. 449
GO:0030968 endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of the presence of unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) or other ER-related stress; results in changes in the regulation of transcription and translation. 443
GO:0006972 hyperosmotic response Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detection of, or exposure to, a hyperosmotic environment, i.e. an environment with a higher concentration of solutes than the organism or cell. 424
GO:0006952 defense response Reactions, triggered in response to the presence of a foreign body or the occurrence of an injury, which result in restriction of damage to the organism attacked or prevention/recovery from the infection caused by the attack. 417
GO:0051788 response to misfolded protein Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a misfolded protein stimulus. 416
GO:0033554 cellular response to stress Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress. The stress is usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation). 404
GO:0045087 innate immune response Innate immune responses are defense responses mediated by germline encoded components that directly recognize components of potential pathogens. 394
GO:0034976 response to endoplasmic reticulum stress Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. ER stress usually results from the accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins in the ER lumen. 357
GO:0071456 cellular response to hypoxia Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating lowered oxygen tension. Hypoxia, defined as a decline in O2 levels below normoxic levels of 20.8 - 20.95%, results in metabolic adaptation at both the cellular and organismal level. 355
GO:0009817 defense response to fungus, incompatible interaction A response of an organism to a fungus that prevents the occurrence or spread of disease. 335
GO:0006281 DNA repair The process of restoring DNA after damage. Genomes are subject to damage by chemical and physical agents in the environment (e.g. UV and ionizing radiations, chemical mutagens, fungal and bacterial toxins, etc.) and by free radicals or alkylating agents endogenously generated in metabolism. DNA is also damaged because of errors during its replication. A variety of different DNA repair pathways have been reported that include direct reversal, base excision repair, nucleotide excision repair, photoreactivation, bypass, double-strand break repair pathway, and mismatch repair pathway. 332
GO:0016036 cellular response to phosphate starvation Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of phosphate. 321
GO:0034605 cellular response to heat Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a heat stimulus, a temperature stimulus above the optimal temperature for that organism. 269
GO:0010106 cellular response to iron ion starvation Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of iron ions. 268
GO:0006974 response to DNA damage stimulus Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating damage to its DNA from environmental insults or errors during metabolism. 267
GO:0042744 hydrogen peroxide catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). 264
GO:0010286 heat acclimation Any process that increases heat tolerance of an organism in response to high temperatures. 257
GO:0006995 cellular response to nitrogen starvation Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of nitrogen. 241
GO:0009267 cellular response to starvation Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of nourishment. 233
GO:0071732 cellular response to nitric oxide Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nitric oxide stimulus. 221
GO:0006970 response to osmotic stress Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating an increase or decrease in the concentration of solutes outside the organism or cell. 208
GO:0042631 cellular response to water deprivation Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of water. 202
GO:0030168 platelet activation A series of progressive, overlapping events triggered by exposure of the platelets to subendothelial tissue. These events include shape change, adhesiveness, aggregation, and release reactions. When carried through to completion, these events lead to the formation of a stable hemostatic plug. 200
GO:0034599 cellular response to oxidative stress Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of oxidative stress, a state often resulting from exposure to high levels of reactive oxygen species, e.g. superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radicals. 198
GO:0000724 double-strand break repair via homologous recombination The error-free repair of a double-strand break in DNA in which the broken DNA molecule is repaired using homologous sequences. A strand in the broken DNA searches for a homologous region in an intact chromosome to serve as the template for DNA synthesis. The restoration of two intact DNA molecules results in the exchange, reciprocal or nonreciprocal, of genetic material between the intact DNA molecule and the broken DNA molecule. 197
GO:0052544 defense response by callose deposition in cell wall Any process in which callose is transported to, and/or maintained in, the cell wall during the defense response. Callose is a linear 1,3-beta-d-glucan formed from UDP-glucose and is found in certain plant cell walls. 194
GO:0009816 defense response to bacterium, incompatible interaction A response of an organism to a bacterium that prevents the occurrence or spread of disease. 191
GO:0002213 defense response to insect A response to protect an organism from a directly detected or perceived external threat from an insect or insects to that organism. 186
GO:0009269 response to desiccation Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a desiccation stimulus, extreme dryness resulting from the prolonged deprivation of water. 175
GO:0071470 cellular response to osmotic stress Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating an increase or decrease in the concentration of solutes outside the organism or cell. 169
GO:0010048 vernalization response The process of thermal induction in plants in which flowering is promoted by exposure to low temperatures. 168
GO:0009626 plant-type hypersensitive response The rapid, localized death of plant cells in response to invasion by a pathogen. 167
GO:0007095 mitotic G2 DNA damage checkpoint A mitotic cell cycle checkpoint that detects and negatively regulates progression through the G2/M transition of the cell cycle in response to DNA damage. 164
GO:0042149 cellular response to glucose starvation Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of glucose. 159
GO:0009682 induced systemic resistance A response to non-pathogenic bacteria that confers broad spectrum systemic resistance to disease that does not depend upon salicylic acid signaling. 154
GO:0010193 response to ozone Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ozone stimulus. 150
GO:0071472 cellular response to salt stress Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating an increase or decrease in the concentration of salt (particularly but not exclusively sodium and chloride ions) in the environment. 148
GO:0070301 cellular response to hydrogen peroxide Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) stimulus. 144
GO:0006977 DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in cell cycle arrest A cascade of processes induced by the cell cycle regulator phosphoprotein p53, or an equivalent protein, in response to the detection of DNA damage and resulting in the stopping or reduction in rate of the cell cycle. 136
GO:0002679 respiratory burst involved in defense response A phase of elevated metabolic activity, during which oxygen consumption increases made as part of a defense response ; this leads to the production, by an NADH dependent system, of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anions and hydroxyl radicals. 135
GO:0036170 filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to starvation The process in which a group of unicellular organisms grow in a threadlike, filamentous shape in response to deprivation of nourishment. 128
GO:0007254 JNK cascade An intracellular protein kinase cascade containing at least a JNK (a MAPK), a JNKK (a MAPKK) and a JUN3K (a MAP3K). The cascade can also contain two additional tiers: the upstream MAP4K and the downstream MAP Kinase-activated kinase (MAPKAPK). The kinases in each tier phosphorylate and activate the kinases in the downstream tier to transmit a signal within a cell. 119
GO:0071346 cellular response to interferon-gamma Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interferon-gamma stimulus. Interferon-gamma is also known as type II interferon. 118
GO:0006301 postreplication repair The conversion of DNA-damage induced single-stranded gaps into large molecular weight DNA after replication. Includes pathways that remove replication-blocking lesions in conjunction with DNA replication. 117
GO:0000303 response to superoxide Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a superoxide stimulus. Superoxide is the anion, oxygen-, formed by addition of one electron to dioxygen (O2) or any compound containing the superoxide anion. 114
GO:0061418 regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to hypoxia Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as a result of a hypoxia stimulus. 112
GO:0009814 defense response, incompatible interaction A response of a plant to a pathogenic agent that prevents the occurrence or spread of disease. 109
GO:0007596 blood coagulation The sequential process in which the multiple coagulation factors of the blood interact, ultimately resulting in the formation of an insoluble fibrin clot; it may be divided into three stages: stage 1, the formation of intrinsic and extrinsic prothrombin converting principle; stage 2, the formation of thrombin; stage 3, the formation of stable fibrin polymers. 109
GO:0009616 virus induced gene silencing Specific posttranscriptional gene inactivation ('silencing') both of viral gene(s), and host gene(s) homologous to the viral genes. This silencing is triggered by viral infection, and occurs through a specific decrease in the level of mRNA of both host and viral genes. 109
GO:0050826 response to freezing Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a freezing stimulus, temperatures below 0 degrees Celsius. 105
GO:0052542 defense response by callose deposition Any process in which callose is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location during the defense response. Callose is a linear 1,3-beta-d-glucan formed from UDP-glucose and is found in certain plant cell walls. 105
GO:0070417 cellular response to cold Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cold stimulus, a temperature stimulus below the optimal temperature for that organism. 104
GO:0030587 sorocarp development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the sorocarp over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The process begins with the aggregation of individual cells and ends with the mature sorocarp. The sorocarp is a structure containing a spore-bearing sorus that sits on top of a stalk. An example of this process is found in Dictyostelium discoideum. 104
GO:0000302 response to reactive oxygen species Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a reactive oxygen species stimulus. Reactive oxygen species include singlet oxygen, superoxide, and oxygen free radicals. 103
GO:0034614 cellular response to reactive oxygen species Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a reactive oxygen species stimulus. Reactive oxygen species include singlet oxygen, superoxide, and oxygen free radicals. 100
GO:0051607 defense response to virus Reactions triggered in response to the presence of a virus that act to protect the cell or organism. 98
GO:0016236 macroautophagy The major inducible pathway for the general turnover of cytoplasmic constituents in eukaryotic cells, it is also responsible for the degradation of active cytoplasmic enzymes and organelles during nutrient starvation. Macroautophagy involves the formation of double-membrane-bounded autophagosomes which enclose the cytoplasmic constituent targeted for degradation in a membrane-bounded structure, which then fuse with the lysosome (or vacuole) releasing a single-membrane-bounded autophagic bodies which are then degraded within the lysosome (or vacuole). Though once thought to be a purely non-selective process, it appears that some types of macroautophagy, e.g. macropexophagy, macromitophagy, may involve selective targeting of the targets to be degraded. 97
GO:0009631 cold acclimation Any process that increases freezing tolerance of an organism in response to low, nonfreezing temperatures. 95
GO:0006987 activation of signaling protein activity involved in unfolded protein response The conversion of a specific protein, possessing protein kinase and endoribonuclease activities, to an active form as a result of signaling via the unfolded protein response. 92
GO:0006289 nucleotide-excision repair A DNA repair process in which a small region of the strand surrounding the damage is removed from the DNA helix as an oligonucleotide. The small gap left in the DNA helix is filled in by the sequential action of DNA polymerase and DNA ligase. Nucleotide excision repair recognizes a wide range of substrates, including damage caused by UV irradiation (pyrimidine dimers and 6-4 photoproducts) and chemicals (intrastrand cross-links and bulky adducts). 87
GO:0006954 inflammatory response The immediate defensive reaction (by vertebrate tissue) to infection or injury caused by chemical or physical agents. The process is characterized by local vasodilation, extravasation of plasma into intercellular spaces and accumulation of white blood cells and macrophages. 85
GO:0042539 hypotonic salinity response Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detection of, or exposure to, a decrease in the concentration of salt (particularly but not exclusively sodium and chloride ions) in the environment. 82
GO:0042769 DNA damage response, detection of DNA damage The series of events required to receive a stimulus indicating DNA damage has occurred and convert it to a molecular signal. 82
GO:0006283 transcription-coupled nucleotide-excision repair The nucleotide-excision repair process that carries out preferential repair of DNA lesions on the actively transcribed strand of the DNA duplex. In addition, the transcription-coupled nucleotide-excision repair pathway is required for the recognition and repair of a small subset of lesions that are not recognized by the global genome nucleotide excision repair pathway. 80
GO:0000077 DNA damage checkpoint A cell cycle checkpoint that regulates progression through the cell cycle in response to DNA damage. A DNA damage checkpoint may blocks cell cycle progression (in G1, G2 or metaphase) or slow the rate at which S phase proceeds. 79
GO:0006302 double-strand break repair The repair of double-strand breaks in DNA via homologous and nonhomologous mechanisms to reform a continuous DNA helix. 75
GO:0002215 defense response to nematode A response to protect an organism from a directly detected or perceived external threat from a nematode or nematodes, which results in restriction of damage to the organism attacked or prevention/recovery from the infection caused by the attack. 74
GO:0036168 filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to heat The process in which a group of unicellular organisms grow in a threadlike, filamentous shape in response to an increase in temperature. 73
GO:0031152 aggregation involved in sorocarp development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the aggregate over time, from its formation to the point when a slug is formed. Aggregate development begins in response to starvation and continues by the chemoattractant-mediated movement of cells toward each other. The aggregate is a multicellular structure that gives rise to the slug. 72
GO:0042594 response to starvation Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a starvation stimulus, deprivation of nourishment. 71
GO:0031101 fin regeneration The regrowth of fin tissue following its loss or destruction. 71
GO:0000729 DNA double-strand break processing The 5' to 3' exonucleolytic resection of the DNA at the site of the break to form a 3' single-strand DNA overhang. 70
GO:0006983 ER overload response The series of molecular signals generated by the accumulation of normal or misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum and leading to activation of transcription by NF-kappaB. 69
GO:0006986 response to unfolded protein Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an unfolded protein stimulus. 64
GO:0071630 nucleus-associated proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of misfolded proteins via a mechanism in which the proteins are transported to the nucleus for ubiquitination, and then targeted to proteasomes for degradation. 64
GO:0031288 sorocarp morphogenesis The process in which the sorocarp is generated and organized. An example of this process is found in Dictyostelium discoideum. 62
GO:0070321 regulation of translation in response to nitrogen starvation Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the frequency, rate or extent of translation as a result of a stimulus indicating deprivation of nitrogen. 57
GO:0048678 response to axon injury Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an axon injury stimulus. 53
GO:0007231 osmosensory signaling pathway The series of molecular signals initiated in response to osmotic change. 48
GO:0051403 stress-activated MAPK cascade A series of molecular signals in which a stress-activated MAP kinase cascade relays one or more of the signals; MAP kinase cascades involve at least three protein kinase activities and culminate in the phosphorylation and activation of a MAP kinase. 48
GO:0010421 hydrogen peroxide-mediated programmed cell death Programmed cell death induced by hydrogen peroxide. Programmed cell death is the cell death resulting from activation of endogenous cellular processes. 48
GO:0043247 telomere maintenance in response to DNA damage Any process that occur in response to the presence of critically short telomeres. 48
GO:0019985 translesion synthesis The replication of damaged DNA by synthesis across a lesion in the template strand; a specialized DNA polymerase or replication complex inserts a defined nucleotide across from the lesion which allows DNA synthesis to continue beyond the lesion. This process can be mutagenic depending on the damaged nucleotide and the inserted nucleotide. 47
GO:0042262 DNA protection Any process in which DNA is protected from damage by, for example, oxidative stress. 45
GO:0071475 cellular hyperosmotic salinity response Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detection of, or exposure to, an increase in the concentration of salt (particularly but not exclusively sodium and chloride ions) in the environment. 45
GO:0000045 autophagic vacuole assembly The formation of a double membrane-bounded structure, the autophagosome, that occurs when a specialized membrane sac, called the isolation membrane, starts to enclose a portion of the cytoplasm. 42
GO:0031154 culmination involved in sorocarp development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the culminant over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Culmination begins with a morphogenetic change of the finger-like or migratory slug giving rise to an organized structure containing a stalk and a sorus. This process is the final stage of sorocarp development. 41
GO:0009871 jasmonic acid and ethylene-dependent systemic resistance, ethylene mediated signaling pathway The series of molecular signals mediated by ethylene (ethene) involved in jasmonic acid/ethylene dependent systemic resistance. 41
GO:0071474 cellular hyperosmotic response Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detection of, or exposure to, a hyperosmotic environment, i.e. an environment with a higher concentration of solutes than the organism or cell. 39
GO:0055093 response to hyperoxia Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating increased oxygen tension. 39
GO:0010438 cellular response to sulfur starvation Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of sulfur. 38
GO:0050829 defense response to Gram-negative bacterium Reactions triggered in response to the presence of a Gram-negative bacterium that act to protect the cell or organism. 37
GO:0042276 error-prone translesion synthesis The conversion of DNA-damage induced single-stranded gaps into large molecular weight DNA after replication by using a specialized DNA polymerase or replication complex to insert a defined nucleotide across the lesion. This process does not remove the replication-blocking lesions and causes an increase in the endogenous mutation level. For example, in E. coli, a low fidelity DNA polymerase, pol V, copies lesions that block replication fork progress. This produces mutations specifically targeted to DNA template damage sites, but it can also produce mutations at undamaged sites. 36
GO:0070370 cellular heat acclimation Any process that increases heat tolerance of a cell in response to high temperatures. 34
GO:0009970 cellular response to sulfate starvation Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of sulfate. 34
GO:0070914 UV-damage excision repair A DNA repair process that is initiated by an endonuclease that introduces a single-strand incision immediately 5' of a UV-induced damage site. UV-damage excision repair acts on both cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) and pyrimidine-pyrimidone 6-4 photoproducts (6-4PPs). 34
GO:0019430 removal of superoxide radicals Any process involved in removing superoxide radicals (O2-) from a cell or organism, e.g. by conversion to dioxygen (O2) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). 33
GO:0002236 detection of misfolded protein The series of events in which a misfolded protein stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal. 33
GO:0009866 induced systemic resistance, ethylene mediated signaling pathway The series of molecular signals mediated by ethylene (ethene) involved in induced systemic resistance. 33
GO:0051103 DNA ligation involved in DNA repair The re-formation of a broken phosphodiester bond in the DNA backbone, carried out by DNA ligase, that contributes to DNA repair. 33
GO:0051409 response to nitrosative stress Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nitrosative stress stimulus. Nitrosative stress is a state often resulting from exposure to high levels of nitric oxide (NO) or the highly reactive oxidant peroxynitrite, which is produced following interaction of NO with superoxide anions. 32
GO:0000718 nucleotide-excision repair, DNA damage removal The removal of the oligonucleotide that contains the DNA damage. The oligonucleotide is formed by dual incisions that flank the site of DNA damage. 32
GO:0002229 defense response to oomycetes Reactions triggered in response to the presence of oomycetes that act to protect the cell or organism. 32
GO:0042275 error-free postreplication DNA repair The conversion of DNA-damage induced single-stranded gaps into large molecular weight DNA via processes such as template switching, which does not remove the replication-blocking lesions and but does not increase the endogenous mutation rate. 31
GO:0050830 defense response to Gram-positive bacterium Reactions triggered in response to the presence of a Gram-positive bacterium that act to protect the cell or organism. 30
GO:0035080 heat shock-mediated polytene chromosome puffing The decondensing (loosening) and swelling of the chromosomal sites of heat shock genes on polytene chromosomes in response to a heat shock stimulus. 30
GO:0031297 replication fork processing The process in which a DNA replication fork that has stalled (due to DNA damage, DNA secondary structure, bound proteins, dNTP shortage, or other causes) is repaired and replication is restarted. 30
GO:0009868 jasmonic acid and ethylene-dependent systemic resistance, jasmonic acid mediated signaling pathway The series of molecular signals mediated by jasmonic acid involved in jasmonic acid/ethylene (ethene) dependent systemic resistance. 30
GO:0008630 intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage A series of molecular signals in which an intracellular signal is conveyed to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway is induced by the detection of DNA damage, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered. 29
GO:0034514 mitochondrial unfolded protein response The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of the presence of unfolded proteins in the mitochondrial matrix; results in transcriptional upregulation of nuclear genes encoding mitochondrial stress proteins. 29
GO:0002553 histamine secretion by mast cell The regulated release of histamine by a mast cell or group of mast cells. 29
GO:0007258 JUN phosphorylation The process of introducing a phosphate group into a JUN protein. 28
GO:0009413 response to flooding Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating flooding, short-term immersion in water. 28
GO:0031571 mitotic G1 DNA damage checkpoint A mitotic cell cycle checkpoint that detects and negatively regulates progression through the G1/S transition of the cell cycle in response to DNA damage. 28
GO:0006284 base-excision repair In base excision repair, an altered base is removed by a DNA glycosylase enzyme, followed by excision of the resulting sugar phosphate. The small gap left in the DNA helix is filled in by the sequential action of DNA polymerase and DNA ligase. 28
GO:0070987 error-free translesion synthesis The conversion of DNA-damage induced single-stranded gaps into large molecular weight DNA after replication by using a specialized DNA polymerase or replication complex to insert a defined nucleotide across the lesion. This process does not remove the replication-blocking lesions but does not causes an increase in the endogenous mutation level. For S. cerevisiae, RAD30 encodes DNA polymerase eta, which incorporates two adenines. When incorporated across a thymine-thymine dimer, it does not increase the endogenous mutation level. 27
GO:0006303 double-strand break repair via nonhomologous end joining The repair of a double-strand break in DNA in which the two broken ends are rejoined with little or no sequence complementarity. Information at the DNA ends may be lost due to the modification of broken DNA ends. 27
GO:0006973 intracellular accumulation of glycerol The accumulation of glycerol within a cell, for example by increased glycerol biosynthesis combined with decreased permeability of the cell membrane to glycerol, in response to the detection of a hyperosmotic environment. 27
GO:0051410 detoxification of nitrogen compound Any process that reduces or removes the toxicity of nitrogenous compounds which are dangerous or toxic. This includes the aerobic conversion of toxic compounds to harmless substances. 25
GO:0034341 response to interferon-gamma Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interferon-gamma stimulus. Interferon-gamma is also known as type II interferon. 25
GO:0035011 melanotic encapsulation of foreign target Formation of a multilayered, melanized sheath of cells around a foreign invader. 25
GO:0080136 priming of cellular response to stress The process that enables cells to respond in a more rapid and robust manner than nonprimed cells to much lower levels of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress. 25
GO:0070059 intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress A series of molecular signals in which an intracellular signal is conveyed to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway is induced in response to a stimulus indicating endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered. ER stress usually results from the accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins in the ER lumen. 23
GO:0009635 response to herbicide Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a herbicide stimulus. Herbicides are chemicals used to kill or control the growth of plants. 23
GO:0031098 stress-activated protein kinase signaling cascade A series of molecular signals in which a stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK) cascade relays one or more of the signals. 23
GO:0071471 cellular response to non-ionic osmotic stress Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating an increase or decrease in the concentration of non-ionic solutes (e.g. mannitol, sorbitol) in the environment. 22
GO:0009864 induced systemic resistance, jasmonic acid mediated signaling pathway The series of molecular signals mediated by jasmonic acid involved in induced systemic resistance. 22
GO:0006975 DNA damage induced protein phosphorylation The widespread phosphorylation of various molecules, triggering many downstream processes, that occurs in response to the detection of DNA damage. 22
GO:0043403 skeletal muscle tissue regeneration The regrowth of skeletal muscle tissue to repair injured or damaged muscle fibers in the postnatal stage. 21
GO:0019731 antibacterial humoral response An immune response against bacteria mediated through a body fluid. Examples of this process are the antibacterial humoral responses in Mus musculus and Drosophila melanogaster. 21
GO:0006297 nucleotide-excision repair, DNA gap filling Repair of the gap in the DNA helix by DNA polymerase and DNA ligase after the portion of the strand containing the lesion has been removed by pyrimidine-dimer repair enzymes. 21
GO:0042770 signal transduction in response to DNA damage A cascade of processes induced by the detection of DNA damage within a cell. 21
GO:0009861 jasmonic acid and ethylene-dependent systemic resistance The jasmonic acid and ethylene (ethene) dependent process that confers broad spectrum systemic resistance to disease in response to wounding or a pathogen. 20
GO:0042060 wound healing The series of events that restore integrity to a damaged tissue, following an injury. 19
GO:0042771 intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage by p53 class mediator A series of molecular signals in which an intracellular signal is conveyed to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway is induced by the cell cycle regulator phosphoprotein p53, or an equivalent protein, in response to the detection of DNA damage, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered. 19
GO:0034620 cellular response to unfolded protein Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an unfolded protein stimulus. 17
GO:0071473 cellular response to cation stress Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of cation stress, an increase or decrease in the concentration of positively charged ions in the environment. 17
GO:0006298 mismatch repair A system for the correction of errors in which an incorrect base, which cannot form hydrogen bonds with the corresponding base in the parent strand, is incorporated into the daughter strand. The mismatch repair system promotes genomic fidelity by repairing base-base mismatches, insertion-deletion loops and heterologies generated during DNA replication and recombination. 16
GO:0071712 ER-associated misfolded protein catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of misfolded proteins transported from the endoplasmic reticulum and targeted to cytoplasmic proteasomes for degradation. 16
GO:0010343 singlet oxygen-mediated programmed cell death Programmed cell death induced by singlet oxygen. Programmed cell death is the cell death resulting from activation of endogenous cellular processes. 16
GO:0031990 mRNA export from nucleus in response to heat stress The directed movement of mRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm during a heat stimulus, a temperature stimulus above the optimal temperature for the organism; in particular, a process that enables an organism withstand exposure to temperatures that would otherwise lethally impair poly(A)+ mRNA-nucleus export. 15
GO:0006971 hypotonic response Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detection of, or exposure to, a hypotonic environment, i.e. an environment with a lower concentration of solutes than the organism or cell. 15
GO:0071629 cytoplasm-associated proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of misfolded proteins in the cytoplasm, which are targeted to cytoplasmic proteasomes for degradation. 14
GO:0070911 global genome nucleotide-excision repair The nucleotide-excision repair process in which DNA lesions are removed from nontranscribed strands and from transcriptionally silent regions over the entire genome. 14
GO:0007257 activation of JUN kinase activity The initiation of the activity of the inactive enzyme JUN kinase (JNK). 14
GO:0031103 axon regeneration The regrowth of axons following their loss or damage. 14
GO:0009819 drought recovery Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of prolonged deprivation of water that restores that organism to a normal (non-stressed) condition. 14
GO:0000706 meiotic DNA double-strand break processing The cell cycle process in which the 5' to 3' exonucleolytic resection of the DNA at the site of the break to form a 3' single-strand DNA overhang occurs. This takes place during meiosis. 13
GO:0001306 age-dependent response to oxidative stress Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of oxidative stress, a state often resulting from exposure to high levels of reactive oxygen species, where the change varies according to the age of the cell or organism. 13
GO:0006968 cellular defense response A defense response that is mediated by cells. 13
GO:0090398 cellular senescence A cell aging process stimulated in response to cellular stress, whereby normal cells lose the ability to divide through irreversible cell cycle arrest. 12
GO:0043617 cellular response to sucrose starvation Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of sucrose. 12
GO:0000710 meiotic mismatch repair A system for the identification and correction of base-base mismatches, small insertion-deletion loops, and regions of heterology that are present in duplex DNA formed with strands from two recombining molecules. Correction of the mismatch can result in non-Mendelian segregation of alleles following meiosis. 12
GO:0071849 G1 cell cycle arrest in response to nitrogen starvation The process in which the cell cycle is halted during G1 phase, as a result of deprivation of nitrogen. 12
GO:0036091 positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to oxidative stress Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under oxidative stress, a state often resulting from exposure to high levels of reactive oxygen species, e.g. superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radicals. 12
GO:0090400 stress-induced premature senescence A cellular senescence process associated with the dismantling of a cell as a response to environmental factors such as hydrogen peroxide or X-rays. 12
GO:0036283 positive regulation of transcription factor import into nucleus in response to oxidative stress Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the movement of a transcription factor from the cytoplasm to the nucleus under conditions of oxidative stress. 12
GO:0061416 regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to salt stress Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under salt stress. The stress is usually an increase or decrease in the concentration of salt (particularly but not exclusively sodium and chloride ions) in the environment. 12
GO:0061408 positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to heat stress Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as a result of a heat stimulus, a temperature stimulus above the optimal temperature for that organism. 11
GO:0006978 DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in transcription of p21 class mediator A cascade of processes induced by the cell cycle regulator phosphoprotein p53, or an equivalent protein, resulting in the induction of the transcription of p21 (also known as WAF1, CIP1 and SDI1) or any equivalent protein, in response to the detection of DNA damage. 11
GO:0035006 melanization defense response The blackening of the wounded area of the cuticle or the surface of invading pathogens, parasites or parasitoids, resulting from a proteolytic cascade leading to the de novo synthesis and deposition of melanin. 10
GO:0048674 collateral sprouting of injured axon The process resulting in reformation of a growth cone by the tip of an injured axon, or in collateral sprouting of the axon. Collateral sprouting is the process in which outgrowths develop from the shafts of existing axons. 10
GO:0000717 nucleotide-excision repair, DNA duplex unwinding The unwinding, or local denaturation, of the DNA duplex to create a bubble around the site of the DNA damage. 10
GO:0035313 wound healing, spreading of epidermal cells The migration of an epidermal cell along or through a wound gap that contributes to the reestablishment of a continuous epidermis. 10
GO:0000305 response to oxygen radical Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an oxygen radical stimulus. An oxygen radical is any oxygen species that carries a free electron; examples include hydroxyl radicals and the superoxide anion. 10
GO:0051365 cellular response to potassium ion starvation Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of potassium ions. 10
GO:0033683 nucleotide-excision repair, DNA incision A process that results in the endonucleolytic cleavage of the damaged strand of DNA. The incision occurs at the junction of single-stranded DNA and double-stranded DNA that is formed when the DNA duplex is unwound. 10
GO:0001662 behavioral fear response An acute behavioral change resulting from a perceived external threat. 10
GO:0002931 response to ischemia Any process that results in a change in state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a inadequate blood supply. 10
GO:0071457 cellular response to ozone Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ozone stimulus. 10
GO:0000719 photoreactive repair The repair of UV-induced T-T, C-T and C-C dimers by directly reversing the damage to restore the original pyrimidines. 9
GO:0052060 evasion or tolerance by symbiont of host-produced nitric oxide The process in which an organism avoids the effects of nitric oxide produced as a defense response by the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. 9
GO:0071498 cellular response to fluid shear stress Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a fluid shear stress stimulus. Fluid shear stress is the force acting on an object in a system where the fluid is moving across a solid surface. 9
GO:0033555 multicellular organismal response to stress Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a multicellular organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress. The stress is usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation). 9
GO:0031573 intra-S DNA damage checkpoint A cell cycle checkpoint that slows DNA synthesis in response to DNA damage by the prevention of new origin firing and the stabilization of slow replication fork progression. 9
GO:0036003 positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to stress Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress. The stress is usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation). 9
GO:0016068 type I hypersensitivity An inflammatory response driven by antigen recognition by antibodies bound to Fc receptors on mast cells or basophils, occurring within minutes after exposure of a sensitized individual to the antigen, and leading to the release of a variety of inflammatory mediators such as histamines. 9
GO:0007597 blood coagulation, intrinsic pathway A protein activation cascade that contributes to blood coagulation and consists of the interactions among high molecular weight kininogen, prekallikrein, and factor XII that lead to the activation of clotting factor X. 8
GO:0042267 natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity The directed killing of a target cell by a natural killer cell through the release of granules containing cytotoxic mediators or through the engagement of death receptors. 8
GO:0031142 induction of conjugation upon nitrogen starvation The process in which a cell initiates conjugation with cellular fusion upon nitrogen starvation. 8
GO:0080183 response to photooxidative stress Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as the result of a photooxidative stress, the light-dependent generation of active oxygen species. The process begins with detection of the stimulus and ends with a change in state or activity or the cell or organism. 8
GO:0031572 G2 DNA damage checkpoint A cell cycle checkpoint that detects and negatively regulates progression from G2 to M phase in the cell cycle in response to DNA damage. 8
GO:0000731 DNA synthesis involved in DNA repair Synthesis of DNA that proceeds from the broken 3' single-strand DNA end uses the homologous intact duplex as the template. 8
GO:0006290 pyrimidine dimer repair The repair of UV-induced T-T, C-T and C-C dimers. 8
GO:0006288 base-excision repair, DNA ligation The ligation by DNA ligase of DNA strands. Ligation occurs after polymerase action to fill the gap left by the action of endonucleases during base-excision repair. 7
GO:0000012 single strand break repair The repair of single strand breaks in DNA. Repair of such breaks is mediated by the same enzyme systems as are used in base excision repair. 7
GO:0034198 cellular response to amino acid starvation Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of amino acids. 7
GO:0000734 gene conversion at mating-type locus, DNA repair synthesis Synthesis of DNA that proceeds from the broken 3' single-strand DNA end uses the homologous intact duplex as the template during gene conversion at the mating-type locus. 7
GO:0043620 regulation of DNA-dependent transcription in response to stress Modulation of the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from a DNA template as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress. The stress is usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation). 7
GO:0032260 response to jasmonic acid stimulus involved in jasmonic acid and ethylene-dependent systemic resistance Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a jasmonic acid stimulus received in the context of the jasmonic acid- and ethylene (ethene)-dependent process that confers broad spectrum systemic resistance to disease in response to wounding or a pathogen. 6
GO:0071465 cellular response to desiccation Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a desiccation stimulus, extreme dryness resulting from the prolonged deprivation of water. 5
GO:0043157 response to cation stress Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of cation stress, an increase or decrease in the concentration of positively charged ions in the environment. 5
GO:0097411 hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha signaling pathway A series of molecular signals mediated by hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF1) in response to lowered oxygen levels (hypoxia). Under hypoxic conditions, the oxygen-sensitive alpha-subunit of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1 dimerizes with a HIF1-beta subunit (also called ARNT or aryl-hydrocarbon-receptor nuclear translocator), translocates to the nucleus and activates transcription of genes whose products participate in responding to hypoxia. 5
GO:0071451 cellular response to superoxide Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a superoxide stimulus. Superoxide is the anion, oxygen-, formed by addition of one electron to dioxygen (O2) or any compound containing the superoxide anion. 5
GO:0006982 response to lipid hydroperoxide Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lipid hydroperoxide stimulus. Lipid hydroperoxide is the highly reactive primary oxygenated products of polyunsaturated fatty acids. 5
GO:0010335 response to non-ionic osmotic stress Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating an increase or decrease in the concentration of non-ionic solutes (e.g. mannitol, sorbitol) in the environment. 5
GO:0010892 positive regulation of mitochondrial translation in response to stress Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitochondrial translation as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress. 5
GO:0071731 response to nitric oxide Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nitric oxide stimulus. 5
GO:0034340 response to type I interferon Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a type I interferon stimulus. Type I interferons include the interferon-alpha, beta, delta, episilon, zeta, kappa, tau, and omega gene families. 5
GO:0042595 behavioral response to starvation Any process that results in a change in the behavior of an organism as a result of deprivation of nourishment. 5
GO:0009432 SOS response An error-prone process for repairing damaged microbial DNA. 4
GO:0008631 intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to oxidative stress A series of molecular signals in which an intracellular signal is conveyed to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway is induced in response to oxidative stress, a state often resulting from exposure to high levels of reactive oxygen species, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered. 4
GO:0045003 double-strand break repair via synthesis-dependent strand annealing SDSA is a major mechanism of double-strand break repair in mitosis which allows for the error-free repair of a double-strand break without the exchange of adjacent sequences. The broken DNA searches for and base pairs with a homologous region in an intact chromosome. DNA synthesis initiates from the 3' end of the invading DNA strand, using the intact chromosome as the template. Newly synthesized DNA is then displaced from the template and anneal with its complement on the other side of the double-strand break. 4
GO:0030330 DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator A cascade of processes induced by the cell cycle regulator phosphoprotein p53, or an equivalent protein, in response to the detection of DNA damage. 4
GO:0050831 male-specific defense response to bacterium A set of reactions, specific to males, that are triggered in response to the presence of a bacterium that act to protect the cell or organism. 4
GO:0030996 cell cycle arrest in response to nitrogen starvation The process in which the cell cycle is halted during one of the normal phases (G1, S, G2, M) as a result of deprivation of nitrogen. 4
GO:0006307 DNA dealkylation involved in DNA repair The repair of alkylation damage, e.g. the removal of the alkyl group at the O6-position of guanine by O6-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase (AGT). 3
GO:0071455 cellular response to hyperoxia Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating increased oxygen tension. 3
GO:0001320 age-dependent response to reactive oxygen species involved in chronological cell aging Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) occurring in non-dividing cells as they age as a result of reactive oxygen species, where the change varies according to the age of the cell or organism. 3
GO:0002532 production of molecular mediator involved in inflammatory response The synthesis or release of any molecular mediator of the inflammatory response following an inflammatory stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. 3
GO:0045008 depyrimidination The disruption of the bond between the sugar in the backbone and the C or T base, causing the base to be removed and leaving a depyrimidinated sugar. 3
GO:0014898 cardiac muscle hypertrophy in response to stress The physiological enlargement or overgrowth of all or part of the heart muscle due to an increase in size (not length) of individual cardiac muscle fibers, without cell division, as a result of a disturbance in organismal or cellular homeostasis. 3
GO:0000727 double-strand break repair via break-induced replication The error-free repair of a double-strand break in DNA in which the centromere-proximal end of a broken chromosome searches for a homologous region in an intact chromosome. DNA synthesis initiates from the 3' end of the invading DNA strand, using the intact chromosome as the template, and progresses to the end of the chromosome. 3
GO:0000730 DNA recombinase assembly The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of strand exchange proteins (recombinases) into higher order oligomers on single-stranded DNA. 3
GO:0042772 DNA damage response, signal transduction resulting in transcription A cascade of processes initiated in response to the detection of DNA damage, and resulting in the induction of transcription. 3
GO:0006287 base-excision repair, gap-filling Repair of the damaged strand by the combined action of an apurinic endouclease that degrades a few bases on the damaged strand and a polymerase that synthesizes a 'patch' in the 5' to 3' direction, using the undamaged strand as a template. 3
GO:0071218 cellular response to misfolded protein Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a misfolded protein stimulus. 3
GO:0035966 response to topologically incorrect protein Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a protein that is not folded in its correct three-dimensional structure. 3
GO:0070414 trehalose metabolism in response to heat stress The chemical reactions and pathways involving trehalose that occur as a result of a heat stimulus, a temperature stimulus above the optimal temperature for that organism. 3
GO:0002437 inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus An inflammatory response to an antigenic stimulus, which can be include any number of T cell or B cell epitopes. 3
GO:0006296 nucleotide-excision repair, DNA incision, 5'-to lesion The endonucleolytic cleavage of the damaged strand of DNA 5' to the site of damage. The incision occurs at the junction of single-stranded DNA and double-stranded DNA that is formed when the DNA duplex is unwound. The incision follows the incision formed 3' to the site of damage. 3
GO:0001315 age-dependent response to reactive oxygen species Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of reactive oxygen species, where the change varies according to the age of the cell or organism. 3
GO:0000304 response to singlet oxygen Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a singlet oxygen stimulus. Singlet oxygen is a dioxygen (O2) molecule in which two 2p electrons have similar spin. Singlet oxygen is more highly reactive than the form in which these electrons are of opposite spin, and it is produced in mutant chloroplasts lacking carotenoids and by leukocytes during metabolic burst. 2
GO:0015968 stringent response A specific global change in the metabolism of a bacterial cell (the downregulation of nucleic acid and protein synthesis, and the simultaneous upregulation of protein degradation and amino acid synthesis) as a result of starvation. 2
GO:0042246 tissue regeneration The regrowth of lost or destroyed tissues. 2
GO:0042832 defense response to protozoan Reactions triggered in response to the presence of a protozoan that act to protect the cell or organism. 2
GO:0044773 mitotic DNA damage checkpoint A mitotic cell cycle checkpoint that detects and negatively regulates progression through the cell cycle in response to DNA damage. 2
GO:0033194 response to hydroperoxide Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hydroperoxide stimulus. Hydroperoxides are monosubstitution products of hydrogen peroxide, HOOH. 2
GO:0045002 double-strand break repair via single-strand annealing Repair of a DSB made between two repeated sequences oriented in the same direction occurs primarily by the single strand annealing pathway. The ends of the break are processed by a 5' to 3' exonuclease, exposing complementary single-strand regions of the direct repeats that can anneal, resulting in a deletion of the unique DNA between the direct repeats. 2
GO:0052059 evasion or tolerance by symbiont of host-produced reactive oxygen species The process in which an organism avoids the effects of reactive oxygen species produced as a defense response by the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. 2
GO:0043320 natural killer cell degranulation The regulated exocytosis of secretory granules containing preformed mediators such as perforin and granzymes by a natural killer cell. 2
GO:0000711 meiotic DNA repair synthesis During meiosis, the synthesis of DNA proceeding from the broken 3' single-strand DNA end that uses the homologous intact duplex as the template. 2
GO:0006953 acute-phase response An acute inflammatory response that involves non-antibody proteins whose concentrations in the plasma increase in response to infection or injury of homeothermic animals. 2
GO:0071452 cellular response to singlet oxygen Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a singlet oxygen stimulus. Singlet oxygen is a dioxygen (O2) molecule in which two 2p electrons have similar spin. Singlet oxygen is more highly reactive than the form in which these electrons are of opposite spin, and it is produced in mutant chloroplasts lacking carotenoids and by leukocytes during metabolic burst. 2
GO:0034059 response to anoxia Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating a decline in oxygen levels to trace amounts, <0.1%. 2
GO:0032933 SREBP signaling pathway A series of molecular signals from the endoplasmic reticulum to the nucleus generated as a consequence of decreased levels of one or more sterols (and in some yeast, changes in oxygen levels) and which proceeds through activation of a sterol response element binding transcription factor (SREBP) to result in up-regulation of target gene transcription. 2
GO:0080149 sucrose induced translational repression Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate of translation as a result of increase in sucrose level. 2
GO:0030969 UFP-specific transcription factor mRNA processing involved in endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response The spliceosome-independent cleavage and ligation of the mRNA encoding a UFP-specific transcription factor to remove a single intron, thereby increasing both the translational efficiency of the processed mRNA and the activity of the protein it encodes. 2
GO:0042783 active evasion of host immune response Any mechanism of immune avoidance that directly affects the host immune system, e.g. blocking any stage in host MHC class I and II presentation. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. 2
GO:0006285 base-excision repair, AP site formation The formation of an AP site, a deoxyribose sugar with a missing base, by DNA glycosylase which recognizes an altered base in DNA and catalyzes its hydrolytic removal. This sugar phosphate is the substrate recognized by the AP endonuclease, which cuts the DNA phosphodiester backbone at the 5' side of the altered site to leave a gap which is subsequently repaired. 1
GO:0045004 DNA replication proofreading Correction of replication errors by DNA polymerase using a 3'-5' exonuclease activity. 1
GO:0010350 cellular response to magnesium starvation Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of magnesium. 1
GO:0043618 regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to stress Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress. The stress is usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation). 1
GO:0060337 type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a type I interferon binding to a receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. Type I interferons include the interferon-alpha, beta, delta, episilon, zeta, kappa, tau, and omega gene families. 1
GO:0045007 depurination The disruption of the bond between the sugar in the backbone and the A or G base, causing the base to be removed and leaving a depurinated sugar. 1
GO:0043558 regulation of translational initiation in response to stress Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of translation initiation, as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress. 1
GO:0070527 platelet aggregation The adhesion of one platelet to one or more other platelets via adhesion molecules. 1
GO:0071497 cellular response to freezing Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a freezing stimulus, temperatures below 0 degrees Celsius. 1
GO:0071454 cellular response to anoxia Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating a decline in oxygen levels to trace amounts, <0.1%. 1
GO:0002536 respiratory burst involved in inflammatory response A phase of elevated metabolic activity, during which oxygen consumption increases following a stimulus as part of an inflammatory response; this leads to the production, by an NADH dependent system, of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anions and hydroxyl radicals, resulting in an increase in their intracellular or extracellular levels. 1
GO:0002439 chronic inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus A chronic inflammatory response to an antigenic stimulus. A chronic inflammatory response persists indefinitely during days, weeks, or months in the life of an individual. 1
GO:0016243 regulation of autophagic vacuole size Any process that modulates the size of the autophagic vacuole. 1
GO:0033217 regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to iron ion starvation Modulation of the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as a result of deprivation of iron ions. 1
GO:0061042 vascular wound healing Blood vessel formation when new vessels emerge from the proliferation of pre-existing blood vessels and contribute to the series of events that restore integrity to damaged vasculature. 1
GO:0043619 regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to oxidative stress Modulation of the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under oxidative stress, a state often resulting from exposure to high levels of reactive oxygen species, e.g. superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radicals. 1
GO:0071500 cellular response to nitrosative stress Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nitrosative stress stimulus. Nitrosative stress is a state often resulting from exposure to high levels of nitric oxide (NO) or the highly reactive oxidant peroxynitrite, which is produced following interaction of NO with superoxide anions. 1