| GOID Link to GO |
Functional Category | Description | Protein Count link to protein list |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0007165 | signal transduction | The cellular process in which a signal is conveyed to trigger a change in the activity or state of a cell. Signal transduction begins with reception of a signal (e.g. a ligand binding to a receptor or receptor activation by a stimulus such as light), or for signal transduction in the absence of ligand, signal-withdrawal or the activity of a constitutively active receptor. Signal transduction ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. regulation of transcription or regulation of a metabolic process. Signal transduction covers signaling from receptors located on the surface of the cell and signaling via molecules located within the cell. For signaling between cells, signal transduction is restricted to events at and within the receiving cell. | 453 |
| GO:0016036 | cellular response to phosphate starvation | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of phosphate. | 321 |
| GO:0010106 | cellular response to iron ion starvation | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of iron ions. | 268 |
| GO:0006995 | cellular response to nitrogen starvation | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of nitrogen. | 241 |
| GO:0009267 | cellular response to starvation | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of nourishment. | 233 |
| GO:0042631 | cellular response to water deprivation | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of water. | 202 |
| GO:0042149 | cellular response to glucose starvation | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of glucose. | 159 |
| GO:0007267 | cell-cell signaling | Any process that mediates the transfer of information from one cell to another. | 97 |
| GO:0016236 | macroautophagy | The major inducible pathway for the general turnover of cytoplasmic constituents in eukaryotic cells, it is also responsible for the degradation of active cytoplasmic enzymes and organelles during nutrient starvation. Macroautophagy involves the formation of double-membrane-bounded autophagosomes which enclose the cytoplasmic constituent targeted for degradation in a membrane-bounded structure, which then fuse with the lysosome (or vacuole) releasing a single-membrane-bounded autophagic bodies which are then degraded within the lysosome (or vacuole). Though once thought to be a purely non-selective process, it appears that some types of macroautophagy, e.g. macropexophagy, macromitophagy, may involve selective targeting of the targets to be degraded. | 97 |
| GO:0070321 | regulation of translation in response to nitrogen starvation | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the frequency, rate or extent of translation as a result of a stimulus indicating deprivation of nitrogen. | 57 |
| GO:0043562 | cellular response to nitrogen levels | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus reflecting the presence, absence, or concentration of inorganic nitrogen. | 50 |
| GO:0042262 | DNA protection | Any process in which DNA is protected from damage by, for example, oxidative stress. | 45 |
| GO:0000045 | autophagic vacuole assembly | The formation of a double membrane-bounded structure, the autophagosome, that occurs when a specialized membrane sac, called the isolation membrane, starts to enclose a portion of the cytoplasm. | 42 |
| GO:0046015 | regulation of transcription by glucose | Any process involving glucose that modulates the frequency, rate or extent or transcription. | 41 |
| GO:0010438 | cellular response to sulfur starvation | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of sulfur. | 38 |
| GO:0007412 | axon target recognition | The process in which an axon recognizes and binds to a set of cells with which it may form stable connections. | 38 |
| GO:0009970 | cellular response to sulfate starvation | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of sulfate. | 34 |
| GO:0045991 | carbon catabolite activation of transcription | A transcription regulation process in which the presence of one carbon source leads to an increase in the frequency, rate, or extent of transcription of specific genes involved in the metabolism of other carbon sources. | 32 |
| GO:0031668 | cellular response to extracellular stimulus | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an extracellular stimulus. | 29 |
| GO:0022011 | myelination in peripheral nervous system | The process in which neuronal axons and dendrites become coated with a segmented lipid-rich sheath (myelin) to enable faster and more energetically efficient conduction of electrical impulses. The sheath is formed by the cell membranes of Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system. Adjacent myelin segments are separated by a non-myelinated stretch of axon called a node of Ranvier. | 26 |
| GO:0022010 | central nervous system myelination | The process in which neuronal axons and dendrites become coated with a segmented lipid-rich sheath (myelin) to enable faster and more energetically efficient conduction of electrical impulses. The sheath is formed by the cell membranes of oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system. Adjacent myelin segments are separated by a non-myelinated stretch of axon called a node of Ranvier. | 26 |
| GO:0000436 | carbon catabolite activation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter | Any process involving carbon catabolites that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter. | 20 |
| GO:0042552 | myelination | The process in which myelin sheaths are formed and maintained around neurons. Oligodendrocytes in the brain and spinal cord and Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system wrap axons with compact layers of their plasma membrane. Adjacent myelin segments are separated by a non-myelinated stretch of axon called a node of Ranvier. | 15 |
| GO:0080029 | cellular response to boron-containing substance levels | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus reflecting the presence, absence, or concentration of boron-containing substances. | 14 |
| GO:0031669 | cellular response to nutrient levels | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus reflecting the presence, absence, or concentration of nutrients. | 13 |
| GO:0043617 | cellular response to sucrose starvation | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of sucrose. | 12 |
| GO:0071849 | G1 cell cycle arrest in response to nitrogen starvation | The process in which the cell cycle is halted during G1 phase, as a result of deprivation of nitrogen. | 12 |
| GO:0031670 | cellular response to nutrient | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nutrient stimulus. | 12 |
| GO:0001560 | regulation of cell growth by extracellular stimulus | Any process in which external signals modulate the frequency, rate or extent of cell growth, the irreversible increase in size of a cell over time. | 11 |
| GO:0051365 | cellular response to potassium ion starvation | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of potassium ions. | 10 |
| GO:0045014 | negative regulation of transcription by glucose | Any process involving glucose that stops, prevents or reduces the rate of transcription. The presence of glucose in the growth medium inhibits the synthesis of certain enzymes in bacteria growing on the medium. For example, transcription of some catabolic operons is under negative control by specific repressors and glucose is an anti-inducer of xylose utilization and glycerol kinase. | 10 |
| GO:0031142 | induction of conjugation upon nitrogen starvation | The process in which a cell initiates conjugation with cellular fusion upon nitrogen starvation. | 8 |
| GO:0019226 | transmission of nerve impulse | The neurological system process in which a signal is transmitted through the nervous system by synaptic transmission and the sequential electrochemical polarization and depolarization that travels across the membrane of a nerve cell (neuron) in response to stimulation. | 7 |
| GO:0034198 | cellular response to amino acid starvation | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of amino acids. | 7 |
| GO:0071465 | cellular response to desiccation | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a desiccation stimulus, extreme dryness resulting from the prolonged deprivation of water. | 5 |
| GO:0032287 | peripheral nervous system myelin maintenance | The process in which the structure and material content of mature peripheral nervous system myelin is kept in a functional state. | 5 |
| GO:0032289 | central nervous system myelin formation | The process in which the wraps of cell membrane that constitute myelin are laid down around an axon by an oligodendrocyte in the central nervous system. | 5 |
| GO:0009875 | pollen-pistil interaction | The interaction between a pollen grain and pistil. | 5 |
| GO:0009432 | SOS response | An error-prone process for repairing damaged microbial DNA. | 4 |
| GO:0030996 | cell cycle arrest in response to nitrogen starvation | The process in which the cell cycle is halted during one of the normal phases (G1, S, G2, M) as a result of deprivation of nitrogen. | 4 |
| GO:0000433 | negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by glucose | Any process involving glucose that stops, prevents or reduces the rate of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter. | 3 |
| GO:0015968 | stringent response | A specific global change in the metabolism of a bacterial cell (the downregulation of nucleic acid and protein synthesis, and the simultaneous upregulation of protein degradation and amino acid synthesis) as a result of starvation. | 2 |
| GO:0048914 | myelination of anterior lateral line nerve axons | The formation of compact myelin sheaths around the axons of the anterior lateral line nerve. | 2 |
| GO:0048932 | myelination of posterior lateral line nerve axons | The formation of compact myelin sheaths around the axons of the posterior lateral line nerve. | 2 |
| GO:0019227 | neuronal action potential propagation | A neurological process that causes the sequential depolarization of a neuron's cell membrane along an axon. | 2 |
| GO:0010350 | cellular response to magnesium starvation | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of magnesium. | 1 |
| GO:0045013 | carbon catabolite repression of transcription | A transcription regulation process in which the presence of one carbon source leads to a decrease in the frequency, rate, or extent of transcription of specific genes involved in the metabolism of other carbon sources. Carbon catabolite repression is a mechanism of genetic regulation which the accumulation of catabolites of one substance in the cell represses the formation of enzymes that contribute to the catabolism of other substances. | 1 |
| GO:0071305 | cellular response to vitamin D | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vitamin D stimulus. | 1 |
| GO:0016243 | regulation of autophagic vacuole size | Any process that modulates the size of the autophagic vacuole. | 1 |
| GO:0033217 | regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to iron ion starvation | Modulation of the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as a result of deprivation of iron ions. | 1 |