Go terms map to parent GO term: GO:0007275   multicellular organismal development
GOID
Link to GO
 Functional Category Description Protein Count
link to
protein list
GO:0008340 determination of adult lifespan The control of viability and duration in the adult phase of the life-cycle. 921
GO:0040035 hermaphrodite genitalia development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the hermaphrodite genitalia over time, from formation to the mature structures. 659
GO:0035295 tube development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a tube over time, from its initial formation to a mature structure. Epithelial and endothelial tubes transport gases, liquids and cells from one site to another and form the basic structure of many organs and tissues including lung and trachea, kidney, the mammary gland, the vascular system and the gastrointestinal and urinary-genital tracts. 650
GO:0048767 root hair elongation The process in which the root hair grows longer. 629
GO:0009555 pollen development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pollen grain over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The process begins with the meiosis of the microsporocyte to form four haploid microspores. The nucleus of each microspore then divides by mitosis to form a two-celled organism, the pollen grain, that contains a tube cell as well as a smaller generative cell. The pollen grain is surrounded by an elaborate cell wall. In some species, the generative cell immediately divides again to give a pair of sperm cells. In most flowering plants, however this division takes place later, in the tube that develops when a pollen grain germinates. 538
GO:0043581 mycelium development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mycelium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A mycelium is the mass of hyphae that constitutes the vegetative part of a fungus. 531
GO:0048364 root development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the root over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The root is the water- and mineral-absorbing part of a plant which is usually underground, does not bear leaves, tends to grow downwards and is typically derived from the radicle of the embryo. 444
GO:0010075 regulation of meristem growth Any process involved in maintaining the size and shape of a meristem. 435
GO:0009965 leaf morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of the leaf are generated and organized. 384
GO:0048513 organ development Development of a tissue or tissues that work together to perform a specific function or functions. Development pertains to the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a structure over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions. 381
GO:0022008 neurogenesis Generation of cells within the nervous system. 334
GO:0009791 post-embryonic development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the organism over time, from the completion of embryonic development to the mature structure. See embryonic development. 292
GO:0007411 axon guidance The chemotaxis process that directs the migration of an axon growth cone to a specific target site in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues. 257
GO:0010090 trichome morphogenesis The process in which the structures of a hair cell (trichome) cell are generated and organized. This process occurs while the initially relatively unspecialized epidermal cell is acquiring the specialized features of a hair cell. An example of this process is found in Arabidopsis thaliana. 255
GO:0010150 leaf senescence The process that occurs in a leaf near the end of its active life that is associated with the dismantling of cell components and membranes, loss of functional chloroplasts, and an overall decline in metabolism. 253
GO:0008406 gonad development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the gonad over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The gonad is an animal organ that produces gametes; in some species it also produces hormones. 244
GO:0009790 embryo development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an embryo from its formation until the end of its embryonic life stage. The end of the embryonic stage is organism-specific. For example, for mammals, the process would begin with zygote formation and end with birth. For insects, the process would begin at zygote formation and end with larval hatching. For plant zygotic embryos, this would be from zygote formation to the end of seed dormancy. For plant vegetative embryos, this would be from the initial determination of the cell or group of cells to form an embryo until the point when the embryo becomes independent of the parent plant. 242
GO:0048366 leaf development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the leaf over time, from its formation to the mature structure. 223
GO:0007420 brain development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the brain over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Brain development begins with patterning events in the neural tube and ends with the mature structure that is the center of thought and emotion. The brain is responsible for the coordination and control of bodily activities and the interpretation of information from the senses (sight, hearing, smell, etc.). 223
GO:0048765 root hair cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a root hair cell. 221
GO:0048731 system development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an organismal system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A system is a regularly interacting or interdependent group of organs or tissues that work together to carry out a given biological process. 203
GO:0009887 organ morphogenesis Morphogenesis of an organ. An organ is defined as a tissue or set of tissues that work together to perform a specific function or functions. Morphogenesis is the process in which anatomical structures are generated and organized. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions. 192
GO:0009944 polarity specification of adaxial/abaxial axis The process resulting in the establishment of polarity along the adaxial/abaxial axis. Adaxial refers to being situated toward an axis of an anatomical structure. Abaxial refers to being situated away from an axis of an anatomical structure. 189
GO:0042335 cuticle development The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a cuticle, the outer layer of some animals and plants, which acts to prevent water loss. 185
GO:0010051 xylem and phloem pattern formation The regionalization process that gives rise to the patterning of the conducting tissues. An example of this process is found in Arabidopsis thaliana. 179
GO:0001889 liver development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the liver over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The liver is an exocrine gland which secretes bile and functions in metabolism of protein and carbohydrate and fat, synthesizes substances involved in the clotting of the blood, synthesizes vitamin A, detoxifies poisonous substances, stores glycogen, and breaks down worn-out erythrocytes. 178
GO:0048608 reproductive structure development The reproductive developmental process whose specific outcome is the progression of structures that will be used in the process of creating new individuals from one or more parents, from their formation to the mature structures. 178
GO:0001525 angiogenesis Blood vessel formation when new vessels emerge from the proliferation of pre-existing blood vessels. 177
GO:0009560 embryo sac egg cell differentiation The process in which an uncellularized embryo sac nucleus cellularizes and acquires the specialized features of an egg cell. An example of this process is found in Arabidopsis thaliana. 171
GO:0010014 meristem initiation Initiation of a region of tissue in a plant that is composed of one or more undifferentiated cells capable of undergoing mitosis and differentiation, thereby effecting growth and development of a plant by giving rise to more meristem or specialized tissue. 167
GO:0009855 determination of bilateral symmetry The establishment of an organism's body plan or part of an organism with respect to a single longitudinal plane. The pattern can either be symmetric, such that the halves are mirror images, or asymmetric where the pattern deviates from this symmetry. 161
GO:0009553 embryo sac development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the embryo sac over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The process begins with the meiosis of the megasporocyte to form four haploid megaspores. Three of the megaspores disintegrate, and the fourth undergoes mitosis giving rise to a binucleate syncytial embryo sac. The two haploid nuclei migrate to the opposite poles of the embryo sac and then undergo two rounds of mitosis generating four haploid nuclei at each pole. One nucleus from each set of four migrates to the center of the cell. Cellularization occurs, resulting in an eight-nucleate seven-celled structure. This structure contains two synergid cells and an egg cell at the micropylar end, and three antipodal cells at the other end. A binucleate endosperm mother cell is formed at the center. The two polar nuclei fuse resulting in a mononucleate diploid endosperm mother cell. The three antipodal cells degenerate. 158
GO:0009933 meristem structural organization Organization of a region of tissue in a plant that is composed of one or more undifferentiated cells capable of undergoing mitosis and differentiation, thereby effecting growth and development of a plant by giving rise to more meristem or specialized tissue. 137
GO:0007389 pattern specification process Any developmental process that results in the creation of defined areas or spaces within an organism to which cells respond and eventually are instructed to differentiate. 124
GO:0035188 hatching The emergence of an immature organism from a protective structure. 118
GO:0050774 negative regulation of dendrite morphogenesis Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of dendrite morphogenesis. 118
GO:0048235 pollen sperm cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a haploid sperm cell within the plant gametophyte. 116
GO:0031100 organ regeneration The regrowth of a lost or destroyed organ. 113
GO:0021766 hippocampus development The progression of the hippocampus over time from its initial formation until its mature state. 113
GO:0048699 generation of neurons The process in which nerve cells are generated. This includes the production of neuroblasts and their differentiation into neurons. 113
GO:0010584 pollen exine formation The formation of the pollen exine. The reticulate pollen wall pattern consists of two layers, exine and intine. 110
GO:0008103 oocyte microtubule cytoskeleton polarization Establishment and maintenance of a specific axis of polarity of the oocyte microtubule network. The axis is set so that the minus and plus ends of the microtubules of the mid stage oocyte are positioned along the anterior cortex and at the posterior pole, respectively. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster. 109
GO:0003002 regionalization The pattern specification process that results in the subdivision of an axis or axes in space to define an area or volume in which specific patterns of cell differentiation will take place or in which cells interpret a specific environment. 107
GO:0030182 neuron differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuron. 107
GO:0010976 positive regulation of neuron projection development Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of neuron projection development. Neuron projection development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron projection over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A neuron projection is any process extending from a neural cell, such as axons or dendrites (collectively called neurites). 105
GO:0030587 sorocarp development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the sorocarp over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The process begins with the aggregation of individual cells and ends with the mature sorocarp. The sorocarp is a structure containing a spore-bearing sorus that sits on top of a stalk. An example of this process is found in Dictyostelium discoideum. 104
GO:0042052 rhabdomere development The assembly and arrangement of a rhabdomere within a cell. The rhabdomere is the organelle on the apical surface of a photoreceptor cell that contains the visual pigments. 103
GO:0007409 axonogenesis Generation of a long process of a neuron, that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body towards target cells. 102
GO:0010208 pollen wall assembly The formation of reticulate pollen wall pattern consisting of two layers, exine and intine. 101
GO:0030324 lung development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lung over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In all air-breathing vertebrates the lungs are developed from the ventral wall of the oesophagus as a pouch which divides into two sacs. In amphibians and many reptiles the lungs retain very nearly this primitive sac-like character, but in the higher forms the connection with the esophagus becomes elongated into the windpipe and the inner walls of the sacs become more and more divided, until, in the mammals, the air spaces become minutely divided into tubes ending in small air cells, in the walls of which the blood circulates in a fine network of capillaries. In mammals the lungs are more or less divided into lobes, and each lung occupies a separate cavity in the thorax. 99
GO:0040002 collagen and cuticulin-based cuticle development Synthesis and deposition of a collagen and cuticulin-based noncellular, hardened, or membranous secretion from an epithelial sheet. An example of this process is found in Caenorhabditis elegans. 96
GO:0048813 dendrite morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of a dendrite are generated and organized. A dendrite is a freely branching protoplasmic process of a nerve cell. 94
GO:0007507 heart development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the heart over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The heart is a hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood. 92
GO:0016322 neuron remodeling The developmentally regulated remodeling of neuronal projections such as pruning to eliminate the extra dendrites and axons projections set up in early stages of nervous system development. 88
GO:0001764 neuron migration The characteristic movement of an immature neuron from germinal zones to specific positions where they will reside as they mature. 87
GO:0022416 chaeta development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a chaeta over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A chaeta is a sensory multicellular cuticular outgrowth of a specifically differentiated cell. 86
GO:0010091 trichome branching Any process involved in the formation of branches in plant hair cells. An example of this process is found in Arabidopsis thaliana. 85
GO:0048367 shoot system development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the shoot system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. 83
GO:0010197 polar nucleus fusion The merging of the polar nuclei, the two nuclei contained within the same cell that are created from the mitotic division of the megaspore during angiosperm reproduction. Polar nuclear fusion takes place in the ovule, forming in the fusion nucleus and giving rise to the endosperm when fertilized. 80
GO:0001822 kidney development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the kidney over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The kidney is an organ that filters the blood and/or excretes the end products of body metabolism in the form of urine. 78
GO:0007291 sperm individualization The resolution of the male germline syncytium or cyst into individual gametes by packaging each spermatid into its own plasma membrane. 77
GO:0007399 nervous system development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of nervous tissue over time, from its formation to its mature state. 77
GO:0001751 compound eye photoreceptor cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an eye photoreceptor cell. 76
GO:0010053 root epidermal cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell in the root epidermis acquires the specialized features of a trichoblast or atrichoblast. 75
GO:0048830 adventitious root development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of adventitious root over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Adventitious roots are post-embryonic roots that develop from the plant shoot. 75
GO:0007520 myoblast fusion A process in which non-proliferating myoblasts fuse to existing fibers or to myotubes to form new fibers. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers. 75
GO:0010154 fruit development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the fruit over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The fruit is a reproductive body of a seed plant. 73
GO:0031152 aggregation involved in sorocarp development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the aggregate over time, from its formation to the point when a slug is formed. Aggregate development begins in response to starvation and continues by the chemoattractant-mediated movement of cells toward each other. The aggregate is a multicellular structure that gives rise to the slug. 72
GO:0010152 pollen maturation The final stages of microgametogenesis after the trinucleate stage has been reached resulting in viable pollen grains. 71
GO:0031101 fin regeneration The regrowth of fin tissue following its loss or destruction. 71
GO:0010305 leaf vascular tissue pattern formation Vascular tissue pattern formation as it occurs in the leaf of vascular plants. 70
GO:0080022 primary root development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the primary root over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The primary root develops directly from the embryonic radicle. 66
GO:0048749 compound eye development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the compound eye over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The compound eye is an organ of sight that contains multiple repeating units, often arranged hexagonally. Each unit has its own lens and photoreceptor cell(s) and can generate either a single pixelated image or multiple images, per eye. 63
GO:0007349 cellularization The separation of a multi-nucleate cell or syncytium into individual cells. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster embryo development. 63
GO:0008585 female gonad development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the female gonad over time, from its formation to the mature structure. 63
GO:0031288 sorocarp morphogenesis The process in which the sorocarp is generated and organized. An example of this process is found in Dictyostelium discoideum. 62
GO:0080147 root hair cell development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a root hair cell over time, from its formation to the mature state. 62
GO:0009954 proximal/distal pattern formation The regionalization process in which specific areas of cell differentiation are determined along a proximal/distal axis. The proximal/distal axis is defined by a line that runs from main body (proximal end) of an organism outward (distal end). 62
GO:0045200 establishment of neuroblast polarity The specification and formation of the apicobasal polarity of a neuroblast cell, a progenitor of the central nervous system. 62
GO:0045676 regulation of R7 cell differentiation Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of R7 differentiation. 61
GO:0010073 meristem maintenance Any process involved in maintaining the identity, size and shape of a meristem. 60
GO:0048768 root hair cell tip growth Localized growth of a plant root hair tip by extension of the cell wall. 60
GO:0048812 neuron projection morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of a neuron projection are generated and organized. A neuron projection is any process extending from a neural cell, such as axons or dendrites. 59
GO:0007519 skeletal muscle tissue development The developmental sequence of events leading to the formation of adult muscle that occurs in the anima. In vertebrate skeletal muscle the main events are: the fusion of myoblasts to form myotubes that increase in size by further fusion to them of myoblasts, the formation of myofibrils within their cytoplasm and the establishment of functional neuromuscular junctions with motor neurons. At this stage they can be regarded as mature muscle fibers. 59
GO:0033598 mammary gland epithelial cell proliferation The multiplication or reproduction of mammary gland epithelial cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. Mammary gland epithelial cells make up the covering of surfaces of the mammary gland. The mammary gland is a large compound sebaceous gland that in female mammals is modified to secrete milk. 59
GO:0016319 mushroom body development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mushroom body over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mushroom body is composed of the prominent neuropil structures of the insect central brain, thought to be crucial for olfactory associated learning. These consist mainly of a bulbous calyx and tightly packaged arrays of thin parallel fibers of the Kenyon cells. 59
GO:0021952 central nervous system projection neuron axonogenesis Generation of a long process of a CNS neuron, that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body towards target cells in a different central nervous system region. 59
GO:0007465 R7 cell fate commitment The process in which the R7 photoreceptor commits to its cell fate. The R7 receptor contributes the central part of the rhabdomere in the apical parts of the ommatidium. 58
GO:0009952 anterior/posterior pattern specification The regionalization process in which specific areas of cell differentiation are determined along the anterior-posterior axis. The anterior-posterior axis is defined by a line that runs from the head or mouth of an organism to the tail or opposite end of the organism. 57
GO:0048569 post-embryonic organ development Development, taking place during the post-embryonic phase, of a tissue or tissues that work together to perform a specific function or functions. Development pertains to the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a structure over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions. 56
GO:0051216 cartilage development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cartilage over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cartilage is a connective tissue dominated by extracellular matrix containing collagen type II and large amounts of proteoglycan, particularly chondroitin sulfate. 56
GO:0039020 pronephric nephron tubule development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a pronephric nephron tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The pronephric nephron tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the pronephric nephron and connects the filtration unit (glomerulus or glomus) of the pronephros to the pronephric duct. 55
GO:0048229 gametophyte development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the gametophyte over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The gametophyte is the gamete-producing individual or phase in the life cycle having alternation of generations. An example of this process is found in Arabidopsis thaliana. 55
GO:0009556 microsporogenesis The process in which the microsporocyte undergoes meiosis, giving rise to four haploid microspores. 55
GO:0010260 organ senescence The process that occurs in an organ near the end of its active life that is associated with the dismantling of cell components and membranes, and an overall decline in metabolism. An example of this process is found in Arabidopsis thaliana. 52
GO:0007422 peripheral nervous system development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the peripheral nervous system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The peripheral nervous system is one of the two major divisions of the nervous system. Nerves in the PNS connect the central nervous system (CNS) with sensory organs, other organs, muscles, blood vessels and glands. 52
GO:0048507 meristem development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the meristem over time, from its formation to the mature structure. 52
GO:0030216 keratinocyte differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a keratinocyte. 51
GO:0060465 pharynx development The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a pharynx from an initial condition to its mature state. The pharynx is the part of the digestive system immediately posterior to the mouth. 51
GO:0016203 muscle attachment The developmental process in which a skeletal muscle attaches to its target (such as bone or body wall). 50
GO:0010015 root morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of roots are generated and organized. The root is the usually underground part of a seed plant body that originates from the hypocotyl, functions as an organ of absorption, aeration, and food storage or as a means of anchorage and support. 50
GO:0035220 wing disc development Progression of the wing disc over time, from its initial formation through to its metamorphosis to form adult structures including the wing hinge, wing blade and pleura. 50
GO:0040022 feminization of hermaphroditic germ-line The determination of female sex and sexual phenotype in the germ-line of the hermaphrodite. 49
GO:0007417 central nervous system development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the central nervous system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The central nervous system is the core nervous system that serves an integrating and coordinating function. In vertebrates it consists of the brain, spinal cord and spinal nerves. In those invertebrates with a central nervous system it typically consists of a brain, cerebral ganglia and a nerve cord. 49
GO:0043588 skin development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the skin over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The skin is the external membranous integument of an animal. In vertebrates the skin generally consists of two layers, an outer nonsensitive and nonvascular epidermis (cuticle or skarfskin) composed of cells which are constantly growing and multiplying in the deeper, and being thrown off in the superficial layers, as well as an inner vascular dermis (cutis, corium or true skin) composed mostly of connective tissue. 49
GO:0055013 cardiac muscle cell development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cardiac muscle cell over time, from its formation to the mature state. 48
GO:0010338 leaf formation The process that gives rise to a leaf. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. 48
GO:0048829 root cap development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the root cap over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The root cap protects the root meristem from friction as the root grows through the soil. The cap is made up of a group of parenchyma cells which secrete a glycoprotein mucilage as a lubricant. 47
GO:0048190 wing disc dorsal/ventral pattern formation The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the dorsal/ventral axis of the wing disc, a precursor to the adult wing. 46
GO:0055046 microgametogenesis The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pollen grain over time, from its formation as the microspore to the mature structure. 46
GO:0055059 asymmetric neuroblast division The process resulting in the physical partitioning and separation of a neuroblast into two daughter cells with different developmental potentials. 46
GO:0033339 pectoral fin development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pectoral fin over time, from its formation to the mature structure. 45
GO:0008584 male gonad development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the male gonad over time, from its formation to the mature structure. 45
GO:0050773 regulation of dendrite development Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of dendrite development. 45
GO:0007413 axonal fasciculation The collection of axons into a bundle of rods, known as a fascicle. 44
GO:0007406 negative regulation of neuroblast proliferation Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the proliferation of neuroblasts. 44
GO:0010026 trichome differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized epidermal cell acquires the specialized features of a trichome cell. An example of this process is found in Arabidopsis thaliana. 44
GO:0048709 oligodendrocyte differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an oligodendrocyte. An oligodendrocyte is a type of glial cell involved in myelinating the axons of neurons in the central nervous system. 44
GO:0042067 establishment of ommatidial planar polarity The specification of polarized ommatidia. Ommatidia occur in two chiral forms. The trapezoidal arrangement of photoreceptors in the dorsal part of the eye is the mirror image of that in the ventral part. 43
GO:0007494 midgut development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the midgut over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The midgut is the middle part of the alimentary canal from the stomach, or entrance of the bile duct, to, or including, the large intestine. 43
GO:0010074 maintenance of meristem identity The process in which an organism retains a population of meristem cells, preventing the commitment of all stem cell progeny to a differentiated cell fate. 43
GO:0010016 shoot system morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of the shoot are generated and organized. The shoot is the part of a seed plant body that is usually above ground. 42
GO:0010080 regulation of floral meristem growth Any process involved in maintaining the size and shape of a floral meristem. 42
GO:0016360 sensory organ precursor cell fate determination The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a sensory organ precursor cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed. 42
GO:0031154 culmination involved in sorocarp development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the culminant over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Culmination begins with a morphogenetic change of the finger-like or migratory slug giving rise to an organized structure containing a stalk and a sorus. This process is the final stage of sorocarp development. 41
GO:0001501 skeletal system development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the skeleton over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The skeleton is the bony framework of the body in vertebrates (endoskeleton) or the hard outer envelope of insects (exoskeleton or dermoskeleton). 41
GO:0009561 megagametogenesis The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the embryo sac over time, from its formation as the megaspore to the mature structure. The process begins when three of the four haploid megaspores disintegrate, and the fourth undergoes mitosis giving rise to a binucleate syncytial embryo sac. The two haploid nuclei migrate to the opposite poles of the embryo sac and then undergo two rounds of mitosis generating four haploid nuclei at each pole. One nucleus from each set of four migrates to the center of the cell. Cellularization occurs, resulting in an eight-nucleate seven-celled structure. This structure contains two synergid cells and an egg cell at the micropylar end, and three antipodal cells at the other end. A binucleate endosperm mother cell is formed at the center. 41
GO:0010076 maintenance of floral meristem identity The process in which an organism retains a population of floral meristem cells, preventing the commitment of all stem cell progeny to a differentiated cell fate. 40
GO:0033151 V(D)J recombination The process in which immune receptor V, D, and J, or V and J gene segments, depending on the specific receptor, are recombined within a single locus utilizing the conserved heptamer and nonomer recombination signal sequences (RSS). 40
GO:0009953 dorsal/ventral pattern formation The regionalization process in which the areas along the dorsal/ventral axis are established that will lead to differences in cell differentiation. The dorsal/ventral axis is defined by a line that runs orthogonal to both the anterior/posterior and left/right axes. The dorsal end is defined by the upper or back side of an organism. The ventral end is defined by the lower or front side of an organism. 39
GO:0001568 blood vessel development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a blood vessel over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The blood vessel is the vasculature carrying blood. 38
GO:0008594 photoreceptor cell morphogenesis The process in which the structures of a photoreceptor cell are generated and organized. This process occurs while the initially relatively unspecialized cell is acquiring the specialized features of a photoreceptor cell, a sensory cell that reacts to the presence of light. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster. 38
GO:0021983 pituitary gland development The progression of the pituitary gland over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The pituitary gland is an endocrine gland that secretes hormones that regulate many other glands. 38
GO:0007412 axon target recognition The process in which an axon recognizes and binds to a set of cells with which it may form stable connections. 38
GO:0010054 trichoblast differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a trichoblast, a root epidermal cell that will give rise to a root hair. 37
GO:0007446 imaginal disc growth The increase in mass of imaginal discs by cell proliferation prior to metamorphosis. Imaginal discs are epithelial infoldings in the larvae of holometabolous insects that develop into adult structures (legs, antennae, wings, etc.) during metamorphosis from larval to adult form. 37
GO:0030097 hemopoiesis The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the myeloid and lymphoid derived organ/tissue systems of the blood and other parts of the body over time, from formation to the mature structure. The site of hemopoiesis is variable during development, but occurs primarily in bone marrow or kidney in many adult vertebrates. 37
GO:0001654 eye development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the eye over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The eye is the organ of sight. 37
GO:0001837 epithelial to mesenchymal transition A transition where an epithelial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell. 37
GO:0031175 neuron projection development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron projection over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A neuron projection is any process extending from a neural cell, such as axons or dendrites (collectively called neurites). 37
GO:0010223 secondary shoot formation The process that gives rise to secondary (or auxiliary or axillary) shoots in plants. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. These secondary shoots originate from secondary meristems initiated in the axils of leaf primordia. Axillary meristems function like the shoot apical meristem of the primary shoot initating the development of lateral organs. 36
GO:0007405 neuroblast proliferation The expansion of a neuroblast population by cell division. A neuroblast is any cell that will divide and give rise to a neuron. 36
GO:0071109 superior temporal gyrus development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the superior temporal gyrus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The superior temporal gyrus is a portion of the cerebral cortex that extends from the lateral sulcus to the superior temporal sulcus. 36
GO:0007517 muscle organ development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The muscle is an organ consisting of a tissue made up of various elongated cells that are specialized to contract and thus to produce movement and mechanical work. 36
GO:0008347 glial cell migration The orderly movement of a glial cell, non-neuronal cells that provide support and nutrition, maintain homeostasis, form myelin, and participate in signal transmission in the nervous system. 35
GO:0035147 branch fusion, open tracheal system Fusing of specific tracheal branches in an open tracheal system to branches from neighboring hemisegments to form a continuous tracheal network. Branch fusion is mediated by individual cells at the tip of each branch, which contact a similar cell and undergo a coordinated series of morphogenetic events that create a bicellular fusion joint. 35
GO:0051124 synaptic growth at neuromuscular junction The growth of a synapse at a neuromuscular junction, the site of apposition of a motor end plate and the subneural cleft of the skeletal muscle fiber that it innervates. 35
GO:0008544 epidermis development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the epidermis over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The epidermis is the outer epithelial layer of a plant or animal, it may be a single layer that produces an extracellular material (e.g. the cuticle of arthropods) or a complex stratified squamous epithelium, as in the case of many vertebrate species. 34
GO:0010977 negative regulation of neuron projection development Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of neuron projection development. Neuron projection development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron projection over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A neuron projection is any process extending from a neural cell, such as axons or dendrites (collectively called neurites). 34
GO:0000909 sporocarp development involved in sexual reproduction The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a fruiting body organ over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The fruiting body is a spore bearing structure. In fungi, the sporocarp (also known as fruiting body) is a multicellular structure on which spore-producing structures, such as basidia or asci, are borne. The fruiting body is part of the sexual phase of a fungal life cycle, with the rest of the life cycle being characterized by vegetative mycelial growth. The sporocarp of a basidiomycete is known as a basidiocarp, while the fruiting body of an ascomycete is known as an ascocarp. A significant range of different shapes and morphologies is found in both basidiocarps and ascocarps; these features play an important role in the identification and taxonomy of fungi. 34
GO:0021987 cerebral cortex development The progression of the cerebral cortex over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The cerebral cortex is the outer layered region of the telencephalon. 34
GO:0002088 lens development in camera-type eye The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lens over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The lens is a transparent structure in the eye through which light is focused onto the retina. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus. 34
GO:0045773 positive regulation of axon extension Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of axon extension. 34
GO:0010588 cotyledon vascular tissue pattern formation Vascular tissue pattern formation as it occurs in the cotyledon of vascular plants. 34
GO:0048738 cardiac muscle tissue development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of cardiac muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. 33
GO:0014032 neural crest cell development The process aimed at the progression of a neural crest cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to its specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. 33
GO:0072520 seminiferous tubule development The reproductive developmental process whose specific outcome is the progression of the seminiferous tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Seminiferous tubules are ducts located in the testicles, and are the specific location of meiosis, and the subsequent creation of gametes, namely spermatozoa. 33
GO:0009835 fruit ripening An aging process that has as participant a fruit. Ripening causes changes in one or more characteristics of a fruit (color, aroma, flavor, texture, hardness, cell wall structure) and may make it more attractive to animals and aid in seed dispersal. 33
GO:0021888 hypothalamus gonadotrophin-releasing hormone neuron development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a hypothalamus gonadotrophin-releasing hormone neuron over time, from initial commitment of its fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. 33
GO:0048291 isotype switching to IgG isotypes The switching of activated B cells from IgM biosynthesis to biosynthesis of an IgG isotype, accomplished through a recombination process involving an intrachromosomal deletion between switch regions that reside 5' of the IgM and one of the IgG constant region gene segments in the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus. 33
GO:0060613 fat pad development The progression of a fat pad from its initial formation to its mature structure. A fat pad is an accumulation of adipose tissue. 33
GO:0080110 sporopollenin biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sporopollenin, a primary constituent of the pollen exine layer. 32
GO:0030902 hindbrain development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the hindbrain over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The hindbrain is the posterior of the three primary divisions of the developing chordate brain, or the corresponding part of the adult brain (in vertebrates, includes the cerebellum, pons, and medulla oblongata and controls the autonomic functions and equilibrium). 32
GO:0048754 branching morphogenesis of an epithelial tube The process in which the anatomical structures of branches in an epithelial tube are generated and organized. A tube is a long hollow cylinder. 32
GO:0060041 retina development in camera-type eye The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the retina over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The retina is the innermost layer or coating at the back of the eyeball, which is sensitive to light and in which the optic nerve terminates. 32
GO:0035799 ureter maturation A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the ureter to attain its fully functional state. The ureter is a muscular tube that transports urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder or from the Malpighian tubule to the hindgut. 32
GO:0009949 polarity specification of anterior/posterior axis Any process resulting in the establishment of polarity along the anterior/posterior axis. 31
GO:0007416 synapse assembly The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a synapse. 31
GO:0003214 cardiac left ventricle morphogenesis The process in which the left cardiac ventricle is generated and organized. 31
GO:0021768 nucleus accumbens development The progression of the nucleus accumbens over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The nucleus accumbens is a collection of pleomorphic cells in the caudal part of the anterior horn of the lateral ventricle, in the region of the olfactory tubercle, lying between the head of the caudate nucleus and the anterior perforated substance. It is part of the ventral striatum, a composite structure considered part of the basal ganglia. 30
GO:0060166 olfactory pit development The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of the olfactory pit from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the olfactory pit, which is an indentation of the olfactory placode, and ends when the pits hollows out to form the nasopharynx. 30
GO:0007595 lactation The secretion of milk by the mammary gland. 30
GO:0007312 oocyte nucleus migration involved in oocyte dorsal/ventral axis specification The directed movement of the oocyte nucleus within the cell as part of the establishment and maintenance of the dorsal/ventral axis of the oocyte. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster. 29
GO:0048593 camera-type eye morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of the eye are generated and organized. The camera-type eye is an organ of sight that receives light through an aperture and focuses it through a lens, projecting it on a photoreceptor field. 29
GO:0035309 wing and notum subfield formation The regionalization process that subdivides the wing imaginal disc into the wing and notum (body wall) subfields, thus determining whether cells ultimately differentiate wing or notum-specific structures. 28
GO:0048263 determination of dorsal identity Determination of the identity of part of an organism or organ where those parts are of the type that occur in the dorsal region. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized. 28
GO:0002062 chondrocyte differentiation The process in which a chondroblast acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a chondrocyte. A chondrocyte is a polymorphic cell that forms cartilage. 28
GO:0016358 dendrite development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the dendrite over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A dendrite is a freely branching protoplasmic process of a nerve cell. 28
GO:0021680 cerebellar Purkinje cell layer development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cerebellar Purkinje cell layer over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The Purkinje cell layer lies just underneath the molecular layer of the cerebellar cortex. It contains the neuronal cell bodies of the Purkinje cells that are arranged side by side in a single layer. Candelabrum interneurons are vertically oriented between the Purkinje cells. Purkinje neurons are inhibitory and provide the output of the cerebellar cortex through axons that project into the white matter. Extensive dendritic trees from the Purkinje cells extend upward in a single plane into the molecular layer where they synapse with parallel fibers of granule cells. 28
GO:0009558 embryo sac cellularization The process in which the eight-nucleate single celled female gametophyte develops into the seven-celled female gametophyte. This mature structure contains two synergid cells and an egg cell at the micropylar end, and three antipodal cells at the other end. A binucleate endosperm mother cell is formed at the center. An example of this process is found in Arabidopsis thaliana. 27
GO:0050771 negative regulation of axonogenesis Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of axonogenesis. 27
GO:0021634 optic nerve formation The process that gives rise to the optic nerve. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The sensory optic nerve originates from the bipolar cells of the retina and conducts visual information to the brainstem. The optic nerve exits the back of the eye in the orbit, enters the optic canal, and enters the central nervous system at the optic chiasm (crossing) where the nerve fibers become the optic tract just prior to entering the hindbrain. 27
GO:0048546 digestive tract morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of the digestive tract are generated and organized. The digestive tract is the anatomical structure through which food passes and is processed. 26
GO:0061131 pancreas field specification The process in which a specific region of the gut is delineated into the area in which the pancreas will develop. 26
GO:0048793 pronephros development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pronephros over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In mammals, the pronephros is the first of the three embryonic kidneys to be established and exists only transiently. In lower vertebrates such as fish and amphibia, the pronephros is the fully functional embryonic kidney and is indispensable for larval life. 26
GO:0042476 odontogenesis The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a tooth or teeth over time, from formation to the mature structure(s). A tooth is any hard bony, calcareous, or chitinous organ found in the mouth or pharynx of an animal and used in procuring or masticating food. 26
GO:0070593 dendrite self-avoidance The process in which dendrites recognize and avoid contact with sister dendrites from the same cell. 26
GO:0022011 myelination in peripheral nervous system The process in which neuronal axons and dendrites become coated with a segmented lipid-rich sheath (myelin) to enable faster and more energetically efficient conduction of electrical impulses. The sheath is formed by the cell membranes of Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system. Adjacent myelin segments are separated by a non-myelinated stretch of axon called a node of Ranvier. 26
GO:0022010 central nervous system myelination The process in which neuronal axons and dendrites become coated with a segmented lipid-rich sheath (myelin) to enable faster and more energetically efficient conduction of electrical impulses. The sheath is formed by the cell membranes of oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system. Adjacent myelin segments are separated by a non-myelinated stretch of axon called a node of Ranvier. 26
GO:0045665 negative regulation of neuron differentiation Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neuron differentiation. 26
GO:0008045 motor neuron axon guidance The process in which the migration of an axon growth cone of a motor neuron is directed to a specific target site in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues. 26
GO:0042461 photoreceptor cell development Development of a photoreceptor, a cell that responds to incident electromagnetic radiation, particularly visible light. 26
GO:0060998 regulation of dendritic spine development Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of dendritic spine development, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the dendritic spine over time, from its formation to the mature structure. 26
GO:0030316 osteoclast differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized monocyte acquires the specialized features of an osteoclast. An osteoclast is a specialized phagocytic cell associated with the absorption and removal of the mineralized matrix of bone tissue. 25
GO:0060789 hair follicle placode formation The developmental process in which a hair placode forms. An hair follicle placode is a thickening of the ectoderm that will give rise to the hair follicle bud. 25
GO:0010975 regulation of neuron projection development Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of neuron projection development. Neuron projection development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron projection over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A neuron projection is any process extending from a neural cell, such as axons or dendrites (collectively called neurites). 25
GO:0010077 maintenance of inflorescence meristem identity The process in which an organism retains a population of inflorescence meristem cells, preventing the commitment of all stem cell progeny to a differentiated cell fate. 25
GO:0071907 determination of digestive tract left/right asymmetry Determination of the asymmetric location of various parts of the digestive tract with respect to the left and right halves of the organism. The digestive tract is the anatomical structure through which food passes and is processed. 24
GO:0048666 neuron development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. 24
GO:0060218 hematopoietic stem cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a hematopoietic stem cell. A stem cell is a cell that retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized cells. 24
GO:0055010 ventricular cardiac muscle tissue morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of cardiac ventricle muscle is generated and organized. 23
GO:0048839 inner ear development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the inner ear over time, from its formation to the mature structure. 23
GO:0035146 tube fusion The joining of specific branches of a tubular system to form a continuous network. 23
GO:0045467 R7 cell development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the R7 photoreceptor over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The R7 photoreceptor is the last photoreceptor to develop in the ommatidium. 22
GO:0055003 cardiac myofibril assembly The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cardiac myofibril over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A cardiac myofibril is a myofibril specific to cardiac muscle cells. 22
GO:0030540 female genitalia development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the female genitalia over time, from formation to the mature structure. 22
GO:0008062 eclosion rhythm The timing of the emergence of the adult fly from its pupal case, which usually occurs at dawn. 22
GO:0048741 skeletal muscle fiber development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the skeletal muscle fiber over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Muscle fibers are formed by the maturation of myotubes. They can be classed as slow, intermediate/fast or fast. 22
GO:0031017 exocrine pancreas development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the exocrine pancreas over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The exocrine pancreas produces and store zymogens of digestive enzymes, such as chymotrypsinogen and trypsinogen in the acinar cells. 21
GO:0090436 leaf pavement cell development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an leaf pavement cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a leaf pavement cell fate. 21
GO:0006723 cuticle hydrocarbon biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hydrocarbons that make up the cuticle, the outer layer of some animals and plants, which acts to prevent water loss. 21
GO:0045666 positive regulation of neuron differentiation Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neuron differentiation. 21
GO:0048675 axon extension Long distance growth of a single axon process involved in cellular development. 21
GO:0007424 open tracheal system development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an open tracheal system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. An open tracheal system is a respiratory system, a branched network of epithelial tubes that supplies oxygen to target tissues via spiracles. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster. 21
GO:0048542 lymph gland development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lymph gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The lymph gland is one of the sites of hemocyte differentiation. It consists of three to six bilaterally paired lobes that are attached to the cardioblasts during larval stages, and it degenerates during pupal stages. 21
GO:0055007 cardiac muscle cell differentiation The process in which a cardiac muscle precursor cell acquires specialized features of a cardiac muscle cell. Cardiac muscle cells are striated muscle cells that are responsible for heart contraction. 20
GO:0010259 multicellular organismal aging An aging process that has as participant a whole multicellular organism. Multicellular organism aging includes loss of functions such as resistance to disease, homeostasis, and fertility, as well as wear and tear. Multicellular organisms aging includes processes like cellular senescence and organ senescence, but is more inclusive. May precede death (GO:0016265) of an organism and may succeed developmental maturation (GO:0021700). 20
GO:0043010 camera-type eye development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the camera-type eye over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The camera-type eye is an organ of sight that receives light through an aperture and focuses it through a lens, projecting it on a photoreceptor field. 20
GO:0009955 adaxial/abaxial pattern specification The regionalization process in which differences in cell differentiation along the adaxial/abaxial are generated. Adaxial refers to being situated toward an axis of an anatomical structure. Abaxial refers to being situated away from an axis of an anatomical structure. 20
GO:0010160 formation of organ boundary The regionalization process that specifies organ primordium boundaries resulting in a restriction of organogenesis to a limited spatial domain and keeping the organ separate from surrounding tissues. 20
GO:0009913 epidermal cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an epidermal cell, any of the cells making up the epidermis. 19
GO:0010199 organ boundary specification between lateral organs and the meristem The process in which boundaries between lateral organs and the meristem is established and maintained. 19
GO:0009956 radial pattern formation The regionalization process that results in defined areas around a point in which specific types of cell differentiation will occur. 19
GO:0009950 dorsal/ventral axis specification The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the dorsal/ventral axis. The dorsal/ventral axis is defined by a line that runs orthogonal to both the anterior/posterior and left/right axes. The dorsal end is defined by the upper or back side of an organism. The ventral end is defined by the lower or front side of an organism. 19
GO:0003272 endocardial cushion formation The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of an endocardial cushion. The endocardial cushion is a specialized region of mesenchymal cells that will give rise to the heart septa and valves. 18
GO:0010082 regulation of root meristem growth Any process involved in maintaining the size and shape of a root meristem. 18
GO:0007423 sensory organ development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of sensory organs over time, from its formation to the mature structure. 18
GO:0072144 glomerular mesangial cell development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a glomerular mesangial cell in the kidney over time, from its formation to the mature structure. 18
GO:0009838 abscission The controlled shedding of a body part. 18
GO:0072499 photoreceptor cell axon guidance The chemotaxis process that directs the migration of a photoreceptor cell axon growth cone to its target in the optic lobe in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues. 18
GO:0055008 cardiac muscle tissue morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of cardiac muscle tissue are generated and organized. 18
GO:0021954 central nervous system neuron development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron whose cell body is located in the central nervous system, from initial commitment of the cell to a neuronal fate, to the fully functional differentiated neuron. 18
GO:0035148 tube formation Creation of the central hole of a tube in an anatomical structure through which gases and/or liquids flow. 18
GO:0001541 ovarian follicle development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ovarian follicle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. 18
GO:0036302 atrioventricular canal development The progression of the atrioventricular canal over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The atrioventricular canal is the part of the heart connecting the atrium to the cardiac ventricle. 18
GO:0001656 metanephros development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephros over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In mammals, the metanephros is the excretory organ of the fetus, which develops into the mature kidney and is formed from the rear portion of the nephrogenic cord. The metanephros is an endocrine and metabolic organ that filters the blood and excretes the end products of body metabolism in the form of urine. 17
GO:0021675 nerve development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a nerve over time, from its formation to the mature structure. 17
GO:0048680 positive regulation of axon regeneration Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of axon regeneration. 17
GO:0001890 placenta development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the placenta over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The placenta is an organ of metabolic interchange between fetus and mother, partly of embryonic origin and partly of maternal origin. 17
GO:0030582 fruiting body development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the fruiting body over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A fruiting body is a multicellular structure that contains spores. 17
GO:0007528 neuromuscular junction development A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a neuromuscular junction. 17
GO:0021589 cerebellum structural organization The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the cerebellum. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. The cerebellum is the portion of the brain in the back of the head between the cerebrum and the pons. The cerebellum controls balance for walking and standing, modulates the force and range of movement and is involved in the learning of motor skills. 17
GO:0048565 digestive tract development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the digestive tract over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The digestive tract is the anatomical structure through which food passes and is processed. 17
GO:0071542 dopaminergic neuron differentiation The process in which a neuroblast acquires the specialized structural and functional features of a dopaminergic neuron, a neuron that secretes dopamine. 17
GO:0048814 regulation of dendrite morphogenesis Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of dendrite morphogenesis. 17
GO:0021831 embryonic olfactory bulb interneuron precursor migration The directed movement of individual interneuron precursors during the embryonic development of the olfactory bulb. 17
GO:0021799 cerebral cortex radially oriented cell migration The migration of cells in the developing cerebral cortex in which cells move from the ventricular and/or subventricular zone toward the surface of the brain. 17
GO:0043282 pharyngeal muscle development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pharyngeal muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A pharyngeal muscle is any muscle that forms part of the pharynx. 16
GO:0007419 ventral cord development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ventral cord over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The ventral cord is one of the distinguishing traits of the central nervous system of all arthropods (such as insects, crustaceans and arachnids) as well as many other invertebrates, such as the annelid worms. 16
GO:0060996 dendritic spine development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the dendritic spine over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A dendritic spine is a protrusion from a dendrite and a specialized subcellular compartment involved in synaptic transmission. 16
GO:0060448 dichotomous subdivision of terminal units involved in lung branching The process in which a lung bud bifurcates. 16
GO:0048846 axon extension involved in axon guidance The long distance growth of a single cell process, that is involved in the migration of an axon growth cone, where the migration is directed to a specific target site by a combination of attractive and repulsive cues. 15
GO:0030218 erythrocyte differentiation The process in which a myeloid precursor cell acquires specializes features of an erythrocyte. 15
GO:0033563 dorsal/ventral axon guidance The process in which the migration of an axon growth cone is directed to a specific target site along the dorsal-ventral body axis in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues. The dorsal/ventral axis is defined by a line that runs orthogonal to both the anterior/posterior and left/right axes. The dorsal end is defined by the upper or back side of an organism. The ventral end is defined by the lower or front side of an organism. 15
GO:0001570 vasculogenesis The differentiation of endothelial cells from progenitor cells during blood vessel development, and the de novo formation of blood vessels and tubes. 15
GO:0042552 myelination The process in which myelin sheaths are formed and maintained around neurons. Oligodendrocytes in the brain and spinal cord and Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system wrap axons with compact layers of their plasma membrane. Adjacent myelin segments are separated by a non-myelinated stretch of axon called a node of Ranvier. 15
GO:0048827 phyllome development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a phyllome over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A phyllome is a collective term for all the different types of leaves appearing on plants. 15
GO:0022027 interkinetic nuclear migration The movement of the nucleus of the ventricular zone cell between the apical and the basal zone surfaces. Mitosis occurs when the nucleus is near the apical surface, that is, the lumen of the ventricle. 15
GO:0046697 decidualization The cellular and vascular changes occurring in the endometrium of the pregnant uterus just after the onset of blastocyst implantation. This process involves the proliferation and differentiation of the fibroblast-like endometrial stromal cells into large, polyploid decidual cells that eventually form the maternal component of the placenta. 15
GO:0060008 Sertoli cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a Sertoli cell. A Sertoli cell is a supporting cell projecting inward from the basement membrane of seminiferous tubules. 15
GO:0002040 sprouting angiogenesis The extension of new blood vessels from existing capillaries into avascular tissues resulting from the proliferation of blood vessel endothelial cells. 15
GO:0030217 T cell differentiation The process in which a precursor cell type acquires characteristics of a more mature T-cell. A T cell is a type of lymphocyte whose definin characteristic is the expression of a T cell receptor complex. 15
GO:0043011 myeloid dendritic cell differentiation The process in which a monocyte acquires the specialized features of a dendritic cell, an immunocompetent cell of the lymphoid and hemopoietic systems and skin. 15
GO:0060349 bone morphogenesis The process in which bones are generated and organized. 15
GO:0060612 adipose tissue development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of adipose tissue over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Adipose tissue is specialized tissue that is used to store fat. 15
GO:0035212 cell competition in a multicellular organism Competitive interactions within multicellular organisms between cell populations that differ in growth rates, leading to the elimination of the slowest-growing cells. 14
GO:0031103 axon regeneration The regrowth of axons following their loss or damage. 14
GO:0007426 tracheal outgrowth, open tracheal system The projection of branches of an open tracheal system towards their target tissues. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster. 14
GO:0050767 regulation of neurogenesis Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neurogenesis, the origin and formation of neurons. 14
GO:0046534 positive regulation of photoreceptor cell differentiation Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of photoreceptor cell differentiation. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster. 14
GO:0060661 submandibular salivary gland formation The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a submandibular salivary gland. This process begins with a thickening of the epithelium next to the tongue and ends when a bud linked to the oral surface is formed. 13
GO:0031424 keratinization The process in which the cytoplasm of the outermost cells of the vertebrate epidermis is replaced by keratin. Keratinization occurs in the stratum corneum, feathers, hair, claws, nails, hooves, and horns. 13
GO:0010492 maintenance of shoot apical meristem identity The process in which an organism retains a population of shoot apical meristem cells, preventing the commitment of all stem cell progeny to a differentiated cell fate. 13
GO:0030099 myeloid cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized myeloid precursor cell acquires the specialized features of any cell of the myeloid leukocyte, megakaryocyte, thrombocyte, or erythrocyte lineages. 13
GO:0003007 heart morphogenesis The developmental process in which the heart is generated and organized. The heart is a hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood. 13
GO:0003161 cardiac conduction system development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cardiac conduction system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cardiac conduction system consists of specialized cardiomyocytes that regulate the frequency of heart beat. 13
GO:0010358 leaf shaping The developmental process that pertains to the organization of a leaf in three-dimensional space once the structure has initially formed. 13
GO:0003334 keratinocyte development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a keratinocyte over time, from its formation to the mature structure. 13
GO:0048664 neuron fate determination The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a neuron regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed. 13
GO:0031069 hair follicle morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of the hair follicle are generated and organized. 13
GO:0048806 genitalia development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the genitalia over time, from its formation to the mature structure. 12
GO:0048714 positive regulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of oligodendrocyte differentiation. 12
GO:0010078 maintenance of root meristem identity The process in which an organism retains a population of root meristem cells, preventing the commitment of all stem cell progeny to a differentiated cell fate. 12
GO:0035282 segmentation The regionalization process that divides an organism or part of an organism into a series of semi-repetitive parts, or segments, often arranged along a longitudinal axis. 12
GO:0060439 trachea morphogenesis The process in which a trachea is generated and organized. The trachea is the portion of the airway that attaches to the bronchi as it branches. 12
GO:0070787 conidiophore development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the conidiophore over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The conidiophore is a specialized hypha that extends aerially from the growth substrate and bears conidia, or asexual spores. 12
GO:0061198 fungiform papilla formation The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a spongiform papilla from unspecified parts. The fungiform papilla is a mushroom-shaped papilla of the tongue. 12
GO:0042475 odontogenesis of dentin-containing tooth The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a dentin-containing tooth over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A dentin-containing tooth is a hard, bony organ borne on the jaw or other bone of a vertebrate, and is composed mainly of dentin, a dense calcified substance, covered by a layer of enamel. 12
GO:0043249 erythrocyte maturation A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for an erythrocyte to attain its fully functional state. 12
GO:0061029 eyelid development in camera-type eye The progression of the eyelid in a camera-type eye from its formation to the mature state. The eyelid is a membranous cover that helps protect and lubricate the eye. 12
GO:0070983 dendrite guidance The process in which the migration of a dendrite is directed to a specific target site in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues. 11
GO:0071425 hematopoietic stem cell proliferation The expansion of a hematopoietic stem cell population by cell division. A hematopoietic stem cell is a stem cell from which all cells of the lymphoid and myeloid lineages develop. 11
GO:0030225 macrophage differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized monocyte acquires the specialized features of a macrophage. 11
GO:0007435 salivary gland morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of the salivary gland are generated and organized. 11
GO:0010159 specification of organ position The regionalization process in which information that determines the correct position at which organ primordia are formed is generated and perceived resulting in correct positioning of the new organ. 11
GO:0009554 megasporogenesis The process in which the megasporocyte undergoes meiosis, giving rise to four haploid megaspores in the nucellus. 11
GO:0001942 hair follicle development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the hair follicle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A hair follicle is a tube-like opening in the epidermis where the hair shaft develops and into which the sebaceous glands open. 11
GO:0021754 facial nucleus development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the facial nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. 11
GO:0043931 ossification involved in bone maturation The formation of bone or of a bony substance, or the conversion of fibrous tissue or of cartilage into bone, involved in the progression of the skeleton from its formation to its mature state. 11
GO:0048821 erythrocyte development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an erythrocyte over time, from its formation to the mature structure. 11
GO:0000905 sporocarp development involved in asexual reproduction The formation of a spore-bearing structure by fungus where spores will arise from asexual reproduction. 11
GO:0048840 otolith development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the otolith over time, from its formation to the mature structure. 11
GO:0007427 epithelial cell migration, open tracheal system The orderly movement of epithelial cells during development of an open tracheal system. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster. 11
GO:0001745 compound eye morphogenesis The morphogenetic process in which the anatomical structures of the compound eye are generated and organized. The adult compound eye is a precise assembly of 700-800 ommatidia. Each ommatidium is composed of 20 cells, identified by cell type and position. An example of compound eye morphogenesis is found in Drosophila melanogaster. 11
GO:0014044 Schwann cell development The process aimed at the progression of a Schwann cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. Schwann cells are found in the peripheral nervous system, where they insulate neurons and axons, and regulate the environment in which neurons function. 10
GO:0080172 petal epidermis patterning The regionalization process that regulates the coordinated growth and establishes the non-random spatial arrangement of the cells in the petal epidermis. 10
GO:0060562 epithelial tube morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of a tube are generated and organized from an epithelium. Epithelial tubes transport gases, liquids and cells from one site to another and form the basic structure of many organs and tissues, with tube shape and organization varying from the single-celled excretory organ in Caenorhabditis elegans to the branching trees of the mammalian kidney and insect tracheal system. 10
GO:0048674 collateral sprouting of injured axon The process resulting in reformation of a growth cone by the tip of an injured axon, or in collateral sprouting of the axon. Collateral sprouting is the process in which outgrowths develop from the shafts of existing axons. 10
GO:0031018 endocrine pancreas development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the endocrine pancreas over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The endocrine pancreas is made up of islet cells that produce insulin, glucagon and somatostatin. 10
GO:0055015 ventricular cardiac muscle cell development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a ventricular cardiac muscle cell over time, from its formation to the mature state. Cardiac muscle cells are striated muscle cells that are responsible for heart contraction. The ventricle is the part of the heart that pumps blood out of the organ. 10
GO:0014003 oligodendrocyte development The process aimed at the progression of an oligodendrocyte over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. An oligodendrocyte is a type of glial cell involved in myelinating the axons in the central nervous system. 10
GO:0050772 positive regulation of axonogenesis Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of axonogenesis. 10
GO:0001944 vasculature development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the vasculature over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The vasculature is an interconnected tubular multi-tissue structure that contains fluid that is actively transported around the organism. 10
GO:0007430 terminal branching, open tracheal system Formation of terminal branches in the open tracheal system. These are long cytoplasmic extensions that form fine tubules that transport oxygen directly to the tissues. An example of the process is found in Drosophila melanogaster. 10
GO:0003323 type B pancreatic cell development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a type B pancreatic cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A type B pancreatic cell is a cell located towards center of the islets of Langerhans that secretes insulin. 10
GO:0060993 kidney morphogenesis Morphogenesis of a kidney. A kidney is an organ that filters the blood and excretes the end products of body metabolism in the form of urine. 10
GO:0008407 chaeta morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of the chaeta are generated and organized. A chaeta is a sensory multicellular cuticular outgrowth of a specifically differentiated cell. 10
GO:0072229 metanephric proximal convoluted tubule development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric proximal convoluted tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephric proximal convoluted tubule is the most proximal portion of the metanephric proximal tubule and extends from the metanephric glomerular capsule to the metanephric proximal straight tubule. 10
GO:0035159 regulation of tube length, open tracheal system Ensuring that a tube in an open tracheal system is of the correct length. 10
GO:0010842 retina layer formation The process in which the vertebrate retina is organized into three laminae: the outer nuclear layer (ONL), which contains photoreceptor nuclei; the inner nuclear layer (INL), which contains amacrine, bipolar and horizontal cells; and the retinal ganglion cell (RGC) layer. Between the inner and outer nuclear layers, the outer plexiform layer (OPL) contains connections between the photoreceptors and bipolar and horizontal cells. The inner plexiform layer (IPL) is positioned between the INL and the ganglion cell layer and contains the dendrites of RGCs and processes of bipolar and amacrine cells. Spanning all layers of the retina are the radially oriented Mueller glia. 10
GO:0033077 T cell differentiation in thymus The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a T cell via a differentiation pathway dependent upon transit through the thymus. 10
GO:0007379 segment specification The process in which segments assume individual identities; exemplified in insects by the actions of the products of the homeotic genes. 10
GO:0048935 peripheral nervous system neuron development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron whose cell body is located in the peripheral nervous system, from initial commitment of the cell to a neuronal fate, to the fully functional differentiated neuron. 10
GO:0014045 establishment of endothelial blood-brain barrier Establishment of the endothelial barrier between the blood and the brain. The endothelial cells in the brain capillaries are packed tightly together preventing the passage of most molecules from the blood into the brain. Only lipid soluble molecules or those that are actively transported can pass through the blood-brain barrier. 10
GO:0021782 glial cell development The process aimed at the progression of a glial cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. 9
GO:0045190 isotype switching The switching of activated B cells from IgM biosynthesis to biosynthesis of other isotypes of immunoglobulin, accomplished through a recombination process involving an intrachromosomal deletion involving switch regions that reside 5' of each constant region gene segment in the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus. 9
GO:0061299 retina vasculature morphogenesis in camera-type eye The process in which the vasculature of the retina is generated and organized. 9
GO:0060872 semicircular canal development The progression of the semicircular canal from its initial formation to the mature structure. 9
GO:0035277 spiracle morphogenesis, open tracheal system The process in which the anatomical structures of a spiracle are generated and organized. Spiracles are the openings in the insect open tracheal system; externally they connect to the epidermis and internally they connect to the tracheal trunk. 9
GO:0048262 determination of dorsal/ventral asymmetry Determination of asymmetry from the dorsal to the ventral side; as, the dorsoventral axis. 9
GO:0014038 regulation of Schwann cell differentiation Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Schwann cell differentiation. 9
GO:0021670 lateral ventricle development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lateral ventricles over time, from the formation to the mature structure. The two lateral ventricles are a cavity in each of the cerebral hemispheres derived from the cavity of the embryonic neural tube. They are separated from each other by the septum pellucidum, and each communicates with the third ventricle by the foramen of Monro, through which also the choroid plexuses of the lateral ventricles become continuous with that of the third ventricle. 9
GO:0030517 negative regulation of axon extension Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of axon outgrowth. 9
GO:0035914 skeletal muscle cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a skeletal muscle cell, a somatic cell located in skeletal muscle. 9
GO:0060441 epithelial tube branching involved in lung morphogenesis The process in which a highly ordered sequence of patterning events generates the branched epithelial tubes of the lung, consisting of reiterated combinations of bud outgrowth, elongation, and dichotomous subdivision of terminal units. 9
GO:0021986 habenula development The progression of the habenula over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The habenula is the group of nuclei that makes up the stalk of the pineal gland. 8
GO:0035315 hair cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a hair cell. 8
GO:0061001 regulation of dendritic spine morphogenesis Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of dendritic spine morphogenesis, the process in which the anatomical structures of a dendritic spine are generated and organized. A dendritic spine is a protrusion from a dendrite and a specialized subcellular compartment involved in synaptic transmission. 8
GO:0010222 stem vascular tissue pattern formation Vascular tissue pattern formation as it occurs in the stem of vascular plants. 8
GO:0030900 forebrain development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the forebrain over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The forebrain is the anterior of the three primary divisions of the developing chordate brain or the corresponding part of the adult brain (in vertebrates, includes especially the cerebral hemispheres, the thalamus, and the hypothalamus and especially in higher vertebrates is the main control center for sensory and associative information processing, visceral functions, and voluntary motor functions). 8
GO:0048629 trichome patterning The regionalization process of establishing the non-random spatial arrangement of trichomes on the surface and margin of a leaf. Process involves signaling between adjacent epidermal cells that results in differentiation of some epidermal cells into trichomes. 8
GO:0021697 cerebellar cortex formation The process that gives rise to the cerebellar cortex. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The cerebellar cortex is a thin mantle of gray matter that covers the surface of each cerebral hemisphere. It has a characteristic morphology with convolutions (gyri) and crevices (sulci) that have specific functions. Six layers of nerve cells and the nerve pathways that connect them comprise the cerebellar cortex. Together, these regions are responsible for the processes of conscious thought, perception, emotion and memory as well as advanced motor function. 8
GO:0035266 meristem growth The increase in size or mass of a meristem, a region of tissue in a plant that is composed of one or more undifferentiated cells capable of undergoing mitosis and differentiation. 8
GO:0021819 layer formation in cerebral cortex The detachment of cells from radial glial fibers at the appropriate time when they cease to migrate and form distinct layer in the cerebral cortex. 8
GO:0035262 gonad morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of the gonads are generated and organized. A gonad is an animal organ producing gametes, e.g. the testes or the ovary in mammals. 8
GO:0022038 corpus callosum development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the corpus callosum over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The corpus callosum is a thick bundle of nerve fibers comprising a commissural plate connecting the two cerebral hemispheres. It consists of contralateral axon projections that provide communication between the right and left cerebral hemispheres. 8
GO:0048766 root hair initiation The process in which a protrusion or bulge is formed at the site of plant root hair outgrowth. 8
GO:0048854 brain morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of the brain are generated and organized. The brain is one of the two components of the central nervous system and is the center of thought and emotion. It is responsible for the coordination and control of bodily activities and the interpretation of information from the senses (sight, hearing, smell, etc.). 8
GO:0048645 organ formation The process pertaining to the initial formation of an organ from unspecified parts. The process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure, such as inductive events, and ends when the structural rudiment of the organ is recognizable, such as a condensation of mesenchymal cells into the organ rudiment. Organs are a natural part or structure in an animal or a plant, capable of performing some special action (termed its function), which is essential to the life or well-being of the whole. The heart and lungs are organs of animals, and the petal and leaf are organs of plants. In animals the organs are generally made up of several tissues, one of which usually predominates, and determines the principal function of the organ. 7
GO:0097094 craniofacial suture morphogenesis The process in which any suture between cranial and/or facial bones is generated and organized. 7
GO:0070791 cleistothecium development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cleistothecium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cleistothecium is a closed sexual fruiting body that contains ascospores in linear asci, characteristic of some filamentous Ascomycete fungi such as members of the genera Aspergillus and Emericella. 7
GO:0035152 regulation of tube architecture, open tracheal system Ensuring that tracheal cells form and maintain tubular structures with the correct size and shape for their position in the network. This is essential for efficient flow of gases through the tracheal network. 7
GO:0009957 epidermal cell fate specification The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an epidermal cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed. 7
GO:0010001 glial cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a glial cell. 7
GO:0007566 embryo implantation Attachment of the blastocyst to the uterine lining. 7
GO:0001958 endochondral ossification Replacement ossification wherein bone tissue replaces cartilage. 7
GO:0031016 pancreas development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pancreas over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The pancreas is an endoderm derived structure that produces precursors of digestive enzymes and blood glucose regulating enzymes. 7
GO:0072358 cardiovascular system development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cardiovascular system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cardiovascular system is the anatomical system that has as its parts the heart and blood vessels. 7
GO:0002521 leukocyte differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized hemopoietic precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a leukocyte. A leukocyte is an achromatic cell of the myeloid or lymphoid lineages capable of ameboid movement, found in blood or other tissue. 7
GO:0050769 positive regulation of neurogenesis Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neurogenesis, the origin and formation of neurons. 6
GO:0033327 Leydig cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a Leydig cell. A Leydig cell is a testosterone-secreting cell in the interstitial area, between the seminiferous tubules, in the testis. 6
GO:0030282 bone mineralization The deposition of calcium phosphate in bone tissue. 6
GO:0097421 liver regeneration The regrowth of lost or destroyed liver. 6
GO:0061154 endothelial tube morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of a tube are generated and organized from an endothelium. Endothelium refers to the layer of cells lining blood vessels, lymphatics, the heart, and serous cavities, and is derived from bone marrow or mesoderm. Corneal endothelium is a special case, derived from neural crest cells. 6
GO:0032835 glomerulus development The progression of the glomerulus over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The glomerulus is a capillary tuft which forms a close network with the visceral epithelium (podocytes) and the mesangium to form the filtration barrier and is surrounded by Bowman's capsule in nephrons of the vertebrate kidney. The glomerulus is part of the nephron and is restricted to one body segment. 6
GO:0003406 retinal pigment epithelium development The progression of the retinal pigment epithelium over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The retinal pigment epithelium is the melanin-containing layer of cells between the retina and the choroid that absorbs scattered and reflected light and removes waste products produced by the photoreceptor cells. 6
GO:0070365 hepatocyte differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a hepatocyte. A hepatocyte is specialized epithelial cell that is organized into interconnected plates called lobules, and is the main structural component of the liver. 6
GO:0010022 meristem determinacy The process in which a meristem becomes determinate (i.e. ceases to produce lateral organs and may or may not terminally differentiate). 6
GO:0021510 spinal cord development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the spinal cord over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The spinal cord primarily conducts sensory and motor nerve impulses between the brain and the peripheral nervous tissues. 6
GO:0032287 peripheral nervous system myelin maintenance The process in which the structure and material content of mature peripheral nervous system myelin is kept in a functional state. 5
GO:0070306 lens fiber cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a lens fiber cell, any of the elongated, tightly packed cells that make up the bulk of the mature lens in the camera-type eye. The cytoplasm of a lens fiber cell is devoid of most intracellular organelles including the cell nucleus, and contains primarily crystallins, a group of water-soluble proteins expressed in vary large quantities. 5
GO:0046632 alpha-beta T cell differentiation The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of an alpha-beta T cell. An alpha-beta T cell is a T cell that expresses an alpha-beta T cell receptor complex. 5
GO:0060776 simple leaf morphogenesis The leaf morphogenesis process which results in the shaping of a simple leaf. A simple leaf is a leaf in which the lamina is undivided. 5
GO:0032289 central nervous system myelin formation The process in which the wraps of cell membrane that constitute myelin are laid down around an axon by an oligodendrocyte in the central nervous system. 5
GO:0050770 regulation of axonogenesis Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of axonogenesis, the generation of an axon, the long process of a neuron. 5
GO:0016199 axon midline choice point recognition The recognition of molecules at the central nervous system midline choice point by an axon growth cone; this choice point determines whether the growth cone will cross the midline. 5
GO:0042063 gliogenesis The process that results in the generation of glial cells. This includes the production of glial progenitors and their differentiation into mature glia. 5
GO:0048820 hair follicle maturation A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a hair follicle to attain its fully functional state. 5
GO:0021860 pyramidal neuron development The progression of a pyramidal neuron from its initial formation to its mature state. 5
GO:0048085 adult chitin-containing cuticle pigmentation Establishment of the adult pattern of pigmentation in the chitin-containing cuticle of an organism. An example of this is the adult cuticle pigmentation process in Drosophila melanogaster. 5
GO:0009799 specification of symmetry The establishment of an organism's body plan or part of an organism such that a similar arrangement in form and relationship of parts around a common axis, or around each side of a plane is created. 5
GO:0021549 cerebellum development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cerebellum over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cerebellum is the portion of the brain in the back of the head between the cerebrum and the pons. In mice, the cerebellum controls balance for walking and standing, modulates the force and range of movement and is involved in the learning of motor skills. 5
GO:0042491 auditory receptor cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an auditory hair cell. 5
GO:0048679 regulation of axon regeneration Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of axon regeneration. 5
GO:0055012 ventricular cardiac muscle cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a cardiac muscle cell. Cardiac muscle cells are striated muscle cells that are responsible for heart contraction. The ventricle is the part of the heart that pumps blood out of the organ. 5
GO:0035284 brain segmentation Division of the brain into a series of semi-repetitive parts or segments. 5
GO:0048730 epidermis morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of the epidermis are generated and organized. The epidermis is the outer epithelial layer of a plant or animal, it may be a single layer that produces an extracellular material (e.g. the cuticle of arthropods) or a complex stratified squamous epithelium, as in the case of many vertebrate species. 5
GO:0030224 monocyte differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized myeloid precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a monocyte. 5
GO:0035107 appendage morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of appendages are generated and organized. An appendage is an organ or part that is attached to the trunk of an organism, such as a limb or a branch. 5
GO:0001552 ovarian follicle atresia A periodic process in which immature ovarian follicles degenerate and are subsequently re-absorbed. 5
GO:0021551 central nervous system morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structure of the central nervous system is generated and organized. The central nervous system is the core nervous system that serves an integrating and coordinating function. In vertebrates it consists of the brain, spinal cord and spinal nerves. In those invertebrates with a central nervous system it typically consists of a brain, cerebral ganglia and a nerve cord. 5
GO:0042006 masculinization of hermaphroditic germ-line The determination of male sex and sexual phenotype in the germ-line of the hermaphrodite. An example of this is found in Caenorhabditis elegans. 5
GO:0010375 stomatal complex patterning The regionalization process of establishing the non-random spatial arrangement of stomatal complex on the surface of a leaf. The stomatal complex is the stomatal guard cells and their associated epidermal cells. 5
GO:0060749 mammary gland alveolus development The progression of the mammary gland alveolus over time, from its formation to its mature state. The mammary gland alveolus is a sac-like structure that is found in the mature gland. 5
GO:0060744 mammary gland branching involved in thelarche The process in which the branching structure of the mammary gland duct is generated and organized during the period of sexual maturity in mammals. The mammary gland is a large compound sebaceous gland that in female mammals is modified to secrete milk. 5
GO:0030220 platelet formation The process in which platelets bud from long processes extended by megakaryocytes. 5
GO:0009945 radial axis specification The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of an axis that initiates at a point and radiates outward from the point. 5
GO:0060536 cartilage morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of cartilage are generated and organized. 5
GO:0055005 ventricular cardiac myofibril development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ventricular cardiac myofibril over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A cardiac myofibril is a myofibril specific to cardiac muscle cells. 4
GO:0010589 leaf proximal/distal pattern formation The regionalization process within a leaf by which specific areas of cell differentiation are determined along a proximal/distal axis. 4
GO:0021695 cerebellar cortex development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cerebellar cortex over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cerebellar cortex is a thin mantle of gray matter that covers the surface of each cerebral hemisphere. It has a characteristic morphology with convolutions (gyri) and crevices (sulci) that have specific functions. Six layers of nerve cells and the nerve pathways that connect them comprise the cerebellar cortex. Together, these regions are responsible for the processes of conscious thought, perception, emotion and memory as well as advanced motor function. 4
GO:0060771 phyllotactic patterning The radial pattern formation process that results in the formation of leaf or flower primordia around the center of a shoot apical meristem. 4
GO:0008039 synaptic target recognition The process in which a neuronal cell in a multicellular organism interprets signals produced by potential target cells, with which it may form synapses. 4
GO:0072220 metanephric descending thin limb development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric descending thin limb over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephric descending thin limb is a part of the metanephric loop of Henle situated just after the proximal straight tubule (S3). It extends to the tip of the metanephric loop of Henle. 4
GO:0048711 positive regulation of astrocyte differentiation Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of astrocyte differentiation. 4
GO:0001569 patterning of blood vessels The process that regulates the coordinated growth and sprouting of blood vessels giving rise to the organized vascular system. 4
GO:0048592 eye morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of the eye are generated and organized. 4
GO:0007428 primary branching, open tracheal system Formation of primary branches in the open tracheal system. These form from small groups of cells that migrate out at specific positions, organizing into tubes as they migrate. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster. 4
GO:0003188 heart valve formation The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a heart valve from unspecified parts. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure and ends when the structural rudiment is recognizable. 4
GO:0002244 hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation The process in which precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a hematopoietic progenitor cell, a class of cell types including myeloid progenitor cells and lymphoid progenitor cells. 4
GO:0072239 metanephric glomerulus vasculature development The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a metanephric glomerulus vasculature from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the metanephric glomerulus vasculature and ends with the mature structure. The metanephric glomerulus vasculature is composed of the tubule structures that carry blood or lymph in the metanephric glomerulus. 4
GO:0072230 metanephric proximal straight tubule development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric proximal straight tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephric proximal straight tubule is the part of the metanephric descending limb that extends from the metanephric proximal convoluted tubule to the metanephric descending thin tubule. 4
GO:0035239 tube morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of a tube are generated and organized. Epithelial and endothelial tubes transport gases, liquids and cells from one site to another and form the basic structure of many organs and tissues, with tube shape and organization varying from the single-celled excretory organ in Caenorhabditis elegans to the branching trees of the mammalian kidney and insect tracheal system. 4
GO:0010092 specification of organ identity The regionalization process in which the identity of an organ primordium is specified. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized. 4
GO:0042051 compound eye photoreceptor development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a light-responsive receptor in the compound eye over time, from its formation to the mature structure. 4
GO:0021772 olfactory bulb development The progression of the olfactory bulb over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The olfactory bulb coordinates neuronal signaling involved in the perception of smell. It receives input from the sensory neurons and outputs to the olfactory cortex. 4
GO:0072232 metanephric proximal convoluted tubule segment 2 development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the S2 portion of the metanephric proximal convoluted tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The S2 portion of the metanephric proximal tubule is involved in reabsorption of water and sodium chloride. 4
GO:0035889 otolith tethering The attachment of a developing otolith to the kinocilia of tether cells in the inner ear. 3
GO:0010449 root meristem growth The increase in size or mass of a root meristem, a population of undifferentiated cells in a plant root which maintains a continuous balance between the production of stem cells and the incorporation of their derivatives into the growth of the root. 3
GO:0035149 lumen formation, open tracheal system Creation of the central hole of a tube in an open tracheal system through which gases flow. 3
GO:0072160 nephron tubule epithelial cell differentiation The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells of the nephron tubule as it progresses from its formation to the mature state. 3
GO:0048853 forebrain morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of the forebrain are generated and organized. The forebrain is the anterior of the three primary divisions of the developing chordate brain or the corresponding part of the adult brain (in vertebrates, includes especially the cerebral hemispheres, the thalamus, and the hypothalamus and especially in higher vertebrates is the main control center for sensory and associative information processing, visceral functions, and voluntary motor functions). 3
GO:0003151 outflow tract morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of the outflow tract are generated and organized. The outflow tract is the portion of the heart through which blood flows into the arteries. 3
GO:0003138 primary heart field specification The process that results in the delineation of a specific region of the lateral mesoderm into the area which will form the primary beating heart tube. In mammals the primary heart field gives rise to the left ventricle. 3
GO:0045664 regulation of neuron differentiation Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neuron differentiation. 3
GO:0048663 neuron fate commitment The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a neuron. 3
GO:0030516 regulation of axon extension Any process that modulates the rate, direction or extent of axon extension. 3
GO:0061300 cerebellum vasculature development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the vasculature of the cerebellum over time, from its formation to the mature structure. 3
GO:0061031 endodermal digestive tract morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of the endodermal digestive tract are generated and organized. The endodermal digestive tract includes those portions of the digestive tract that are derived from endoderm. 3
GO:0001542 ovulation from ovarian follicle The process leading to the rupture of the follicle, releasing the centrally located oocyte into the oviduct. An example of this is found in Mus musculus. 3
GO:0035855 megakaryocyte development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a megakaryocyte cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Megakaryocyte development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a megakaryocyte fate. A megakaryocyte is a giant cell 50 to 100 micron in diameter, with a greatly lobulated nucleus, found in the bone marrow. 3
GO:0072102 glomerulus morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of the glomerulus are generated and organized. The glomerulus is a capillary tuft surrounded by Bowman's capsule in nephrons of the vertebrate kidney. 3
GO:0035138 pectoral fin morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of the pectoral fin are generated and organized. Pectoral fins are bilaterally paired fins mounted laterally and located behind the gill covers of fish. These fins are used for lateral mobility and propulsion. 3
GO:0048567 ectodermal digestive tract morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of the ectodermal digestive tract are generated and organized. The ectodermal digestive tract includes those portions of the digestive tract that are derived from ectoderm. 3
GO:0014033 neural crest cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neural crest cell. 3
GO:0090506 axillary shoot meristem initiation A developmental process that results in the initiation of an axillary shoot meristem. An axillary shoot meristem is a shoot meristem formed in the axil of a leaf. 3
GO:0007279 pole cell formation Formation of a small group of cells (pole cells) at the posterior pole of the insect blastula. They are the first cells to cellularize after the arrival of nuclei at the end of the syncytial blastula stage and are the precursors to the insect germ cells. 3
GO:0060173 limb development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a limb over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A limb is an appendage of an animal used for locomotion or grasping. Examples include legs, arms or some types of fin. 3
GO:0030901 midbrain development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the midbrain over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The midbrain is the middle division of the three primary divisions of the developing chordate brain or the corresponding part of the adult brain (in vertebrates, includes a ventral part containing the cerebral peduncles and a dorsal tectum containing the corpora quadrigemina and that surrounds the aqueduct of Sylvius connecting the third and fourth ventricles). 3
GO:0048538 thymus development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the thymus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The thymus is a symmetric bi-lobed organ involved primarily in the differentiation of immature to mature T cells, with unique vascular, nervous, epithelial, and lymphoid cell components. 3
GO:2001013 epithelial cell proliferation involved in renal tubule morphogenesis Any epithelial cell proliferation that is involved in renal tubule morphogenesis. 3
GO:0021955 central nervous system neuron axonogenesis Generation of a long process from a neuron whose cell body resides in the central nervous system. The process carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body towards target cells. 3
GO:0014042 positive regulation of neuron maturation Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neuron maturation. 3
GO:0003185 sinoatrial valve morphogenesis The process in which the structure of the sinoatrial valve is generated and organized. 3
GO:0003139 secondary heart field specification The process that results in the delineation of a specific region of the lateral mesoderm into the area which will form the majority of the mesodermal component of the right ventricle, arterial pole (outflow tract) and venous pole (inflow tract). 3
GO:0035630 bone mineralization involved in bone maturation The deposition of calcium phosphate in bone tissue, involved in the progression of the skeleton from its formation to its mature state. 2
GO:0022619 generative cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a generative cell. The generative cell gives rise to the sperm cells in the male gametophyte. 2
GO:0043615 astrocyte cell migration The orderly movement of an astrocyte, a class of large neuroglial (macroglial) cells in the central nervous system, the largest and most numerous neuroglial cells in the brain and spinal cord. 2
GO:0060427 lung connective tissue development The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of lung connective tissue from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of lung connective tissue and ends with the mature structure. The lung connective tissue is a material made up of fibers forming a framework and support structure for the lungs. 2
GO:0060997 dendritic spine morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of a dendritic spine are generated and organized. A dendritic spine is a protrusion from a dendrite and a specialized subcellular compartment involved in synaptic transmission. 2
GO:0030183 B cell differentiation The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a B cell. A B cell is a lymphocyte of B lineage with the phenotype CD19-positive and capable of B cell mediated immunity. 2
GO:0048914 myelination of anterior lateral line nerve axons The formation of compact myelin sheaths around the axons of the anterior lateral line nerve. 2
GO:0060914 heart formation The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the heart from unspecified parts. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the heart field and the arrival of cardiac neural crest to the heart region. The process ends when the structural rudiment is recognizable. 2
GO:0048932 myelination of posterior lateral line nerve axons The formation of compact myelin sheaths around the axons of the posterior lateral line nerve. 2
GO:0003407 neural retina development The progression of the neural retina over time from its initial formation to the mature structure. The neural retina is the part of the retina that contains neurons and photoreceptor cells. 2
GO:0055123 digestive system development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the digestive system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The digestive system is the entire structure in which digestion takes place. Digestion is all of the physical, chemical, and biochemical processes carried out by multicellular organisms to break down ingested nutrients into components that may be easily absorbed and directed into metabolism. 2
GO:0060348 bone development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of bone over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Bone is the hard skeletal connective tissue consisting of both mineral and cellular components. 2
GO:0060446 branching involved in open tracheal system development The process in which the anatomical structures of branches in the open tracheal system are generated and organized. 2
GO:0016446 somatic hypermutation of immunoglobulin genes Mutations occurring somatically that result in amino acid changes in the rearranged V regions of immunoglobulins. 2
GO:0021854 hypothalamus development The progression of the hypothalamus region of the forebrain, from its initial formation to its mature state. 2
GO:0043587 tongue morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of the tongue are generated and organized. The tongue is the movable, muscular organ on the floor of the mouth of most vertebrates, in man other mammals is the principal organ of taste, aids in the prehension of food, in swallowing, and in modifying the voice as in speech. 2
GO:0002052 positive regulation of neuroblast proliferation Any process that activates or increases the rate of neuroblast proliferation. 2
GO:0001754 eye photoreceptor cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a photoreceptor cell, as found in the eye, the primary visual organ of most organisms. 2
GO:0021884 forebrain neuron development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron that resides in the forebrain, from its initial commitment to its fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. 2
GO:0060857 establishment of glial blood-brain barrier Establishment of the glial barrier between the blood and the brain. The glial cells in the brain are packed tightly together preventing the passage of most molecules from the blood into the brain. Only lipid soluble molecules or those that are actively transported can pass through the blood-brain barrier. 2
GO:0050775 positive regulation of dendrite morphogenesis Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of dendrite morphogenesis. 2
GO:0048732 gland development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A gland is an organ specialised for secretion. 2
GO:0048933 afferent axon development in posterior lateral line nerve The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an afferent axon in the posterior lateral line nerve over time from its formation to the mature structure. This process includes axonogenesis and pathfinding of the afferent axons in the posterior lateral line nerve. 2
GO:0021797 forebrain anterior/posterior pattern specification The creation of specific areas of progenitor domains along the anterior-posterior axis of the developing forebrain. 2
GO:0048794 swim bladder development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the swim bladder over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The swim bladder is used by some fishes to maintain buoyancy and may function in addition as a sound producing organ, a sound receptor, and a respiratory organ. 2
GO:0046549 retinal cone cell development Development of a cone cell, one of the sensory cells in the eye that reacts to the presence of light. Cone cells contain the photopigment iodopsin or cyanopsin and are responsible for photopic (daylight) vision. 2
GO:0007310 oocyte dorsal/ventral axis specification The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the dorsal/ventral axis of the oocyte. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster. 2
GO:0061034 olfactory bulb mitral cell layer development The progression of the olfactory bulb mitral cell layer over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The mitral cell layer is composed of pyramidal neurons whose cell bodies are located between the granule cell layer and the plexiform layer. 2
GO:0021794 thalamus development The process in which the thalamus changes over time, from its initial formation to its mature state. 2
GO:0048667 cell morphogenesis involved in neuron differentiation The process in which the structures of a neuron are generated and organized. This process occurs while the initially relatively unspecialized cell is acquiring the specialized features of a neuron. 2
GO:0048929 efferent axon development in posterior lateral line nerve The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an efferent axon in the posterior lateral line nerve over time from its formation to the mature structure. This process includes axonogenesis and pathfinding of the efferent axons in the posterior lateral line nerve. 2
GO:0042697 menopause Cessation of menstruation, occurring in (e.g.) the human female usually around the age of 50. 2
GO:0001657 ureteric bud development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ureteric bud over time, from its formation to the mature structure. 2
GO:0001893 maternal placenta development Maternally driven process whose specific outcome is the progression of the placenta over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The placenta is an organ of metabolic interchange between fetus and mother, partly of embryonic origin and partly of maternal origin. 2
GO:0022028 tangential migration from the subventricular zone to the olfactory bulb The migration of cells in the telencephalon from the subventricular zone to the olfactory bulb in which cells move orthogonally to the direction of radial migration and do not use radial glial cell processes as substrates for migration. 2
GO:0035272 exocrine system development Progression of the exocrine system over time, from its formation to a mature structure. The exocrine system is a system of hormones and glands, where the glands secrete straight to a target site via ducts or tubes. The human exocrine system includes the salivary glands, sweat glands and many glands of the digestive system. 2
GO:0010434 bract formation The process that gives rise to a bract. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. A bract is a leaf, usually different in form from the foliage leaves, subtending a flower or inflorescence. 2
GO:0072205 metanephric collecting duct development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a collecting duct in the metanephros over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The collecting duct responds to vasopressin and aldosterone to regulate water, electrolyte and acid-base balance. The collecting duct is the final common path through which urine flows before entering the ureter and then emptying into the bladder. 2
GO:0030325 adrenal gland development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the adrenal gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. This gland can either be a discrete structure located bilaterally above each kidney, or a cluster of cells in the head kidney that perform the functions of the adrenal gland. In either case, this organ consists of two cells types, aminergic chromaffin cells and steroidogenic cortical cells. 2
GO:0048644 muscle organ morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of muscle are generated and organized. 2
GO:0009951 polarity specification of dorsal/ventral axis Any process resulting in the establishment of polarity along the dorsal/ventral axis. 2
GO:0048286 lung alveolus development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the alveolus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The alveolus is a sac for holding air in the lungs; formed by the terminal dilation of air passageways. 2
GO:0014902 myotube differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a myotube cell. Myotube differentiation starts with myoblast fusion and the appearance of specific cell markers (this is the cell development step). Then individual myotubes can fuse to form bigger myotubes and start to contract. Myotubes are multinucleated cells that are formed when proliferating myoblasts exit the cell cycle, differentiate and fuse. 2
GO:0003228 atrial cardiac muscle tissue development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of cardiac muscle of the atrium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. 2
GO:0010084 specification of organ axis polarity The process in which the polarity of an organ axis is specified. 2
GO:0045162 clustering of voltage-gated sodium channels The process in which voltage-gated sodium channels become localized together in high densities. In animals, nodes of Ranvier differ dramatically from internodal axonal regions in very high densities of voltage-dependent sodium (Nav) channels responsible for the rapid, inward ionic currents that produce membrane depolarization. 2
GO:0060347 heart trabecula formation The process of creating a trabecula in the heart. A trabecula is a tissue element in the form of a small beam, strut or rod. 2
GO:0021756 striatum development The progression of the striatum over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The striatum is a region of the forebrain consisting of the caudate nucleus, putamen and fundus striati. 2
GO:0051663 oocyte nucleus localization involved in oocyte dorsal/ventral axis specification The directed movement of the nucleus to a specific location within a cell during the establishment and maintenance of the dorsal/ventral axis of the oocyte. 1
GO:0007311 maternal specification of dorsal/ventral axis, oocyte, germ-line encoded Polarization of the oocyte along the dorsal-ventral axis, by a gene product encoded by cells of the germ line. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster. 1
GO:0021542 dentate gyrus development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the dentate gyrus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The dentate gyrus is one of two interlocking gyri of the hippocampus. It contains granule cells, which project to the pyramidal cells and interneurons of the CA3 region of the ammon gyrus. 1
GO:0009559 embryo sac central cell differentiation The process in which the two uncellularized polar nuclei cellularize, fuse and acquire the specialized features of a mononucleate diploid central cell. 1
GO:0090171 chondrocyte morphogenesis The process in which the structures of a chondrocyte are generated and organized. This process occurs while the initially relatively unspecialized cell is acquiring the specialized features of a chondrocyte. 1
GO:0001553 luteinization The set of processes resulting in differentiation of theca and granulosa cells into luteal cells and in the formation of a corpus luteum after ovulation. 1
GO:0035311 wing cell fate specification The process in which a cell in the larval wing imaginal disc becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a wing cell, if left in its normal environment. 1
GO:0045465 R8 cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of the R8 photoreceptor. 1
GO:0048536 spleen development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the spleen over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The spleen is a large vascular lymphatic organ composed of white and red pulp, involved both in hemopoietic and immune system functions. 1
GO:0060538 skeletal muscle organ development The progression of a skeletal muscle organ over time from its initial formation to its mature state. A skeletal muscle organ includes the skeletal muscle tissue and its associated connective tissue. 1
GO:0040021 hermaphrodite germ-line sex determination The determination of sex and sexual phenotype in the germ line of a hermaphrodite. 1
GO:0002204 somatic recombination of immunoglobulin genes involved in immune response The process in which immunoglobulin genes are formed through recombination of the germline genetic elements, also known as immunoglobulin gene segments, within a single locus following the induction of and contributing to an immune response. 1
GO:0008362 chitin-based embryonic cuticle biosynthetic process Synthesis, including the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of chitin and other components, and deposition of a chitin-based embryonic cuticle by the underlying epidermal epithelium. This tough, waterproof cuticle layer is essential to provide structural integrity of the larval body. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster. 1
GO:0046667 compound eye retinal cell programmed cell death Programmed cell death that occurs in the retina to remove excess cells between ommatidia, thus resulting in a hexagonal lattice, precise with respect to cell number and position surrounding each ommatidium. 1
GO:0007451 dorsal/ventral lineage restriction, imaginal disc Formation and/or maintenance of a lineage boundary between dorsal and ventral compartments that cells cannot cross, thus separating the populations of cells in each compartment. 1
GO:0048539 bone marrow development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the bone marrow over time, from its formation to the mature structure. 1
GO:0060350 endochondral bone morphogenesis The process in which bones are generated and organized as a result of the conversion of initial cartilaginous anlage into bone. 1
GO:0060811 intracellular mRNA localization involved in anterior/posterior axis specification Any process in which mRNA is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location within the oocyte and/or syncytial embryo that contributes to the specification of the anterior/posterior axis. 1
GO:0060541 respiratory system development The progression of the respiratory system over time from its formation to its mature structure. The respiratory system carries out respiratory gaseous exchange. 1
GO:0060539 diaphragm development The progression of the diaphragm over time from its initial formation to the mature structure. The diaphragm is a skeletal muscle that is responsible for contraction and expansion of the lungs. 1
GO:0060252 positive regulation of glial cell proliferation Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of glial cell proliferation. 1
GO:0048822 enucleate erythrocyte development The process aimed at the progression of an enucleate erythrocyte over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. 1
GO:0003211 cardiac ventricle formation The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a cardiac ventricle from unspecified parts. A cardiac ventricle receives blood from a cardiac atrium and pumps it out of the heart. 1
GO:0090421 embryonic meristem initiation Initiation of a region of tissue in a plant embryo that is composed of one or more undifferentiated cells capable of undergoing mitosis and differentiation. 1
GO:0003229 ventricular cardiac muscle tissue development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of ventricular cardiac muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. 1
GO:0007368 determination of left/right symmetry The establishment of an organism's body plan or part of an organism with respect to the left and right halves. The pattern can either be symmetric, such that the halves are mirror images, or asymmetric where the pattern deviates from this symmetry. 1
GO:0048705 skeletal system morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of the skeleton are generated and organized. 1
GO:0010342 endosperm cellularization The separation of the multi-nucleate endosperm into individual cells. In many plant species, the endosperm that nurtures the embryo in the seed initially develops as a syncytium. This syncytial phase ends with simultaneous partitioning of the multi-nucleate cytoplasm into individual cells, a process referred to as cellularization. 1
GO:0060365 coronal suture morphogenesis The process in which the coronal suture is generated and organized. 1
GO:0002328 pro-B cell differentiation The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a pro-B cell. Pro-B cells are the earliest stage of the B cell lineage and undergo heavy chain D and J gene rearrangements, although they are not fully committed. 1
GO:0021661 rhombomere 4 morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structure of rhombomere 4 is generated and organized. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in an anterior to posterior order. 1
GO:0035151 regulation of tube size, open tracheal system Ensuring that an epithelial tube in an open tracheal system is of the correct length and diameter. Tracheal tubes undergo highly regulated tube-size increases during development, expanding up to 40 times their initial size by the end of larval life. Tube size appears to be controlled by regulation of apical membrane expansion and secretion, rather than by changes in cell number, size or shape. 1
GO:0035845 photoreceptor cell outer segment organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level and results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the outer segment of a photoreceptor cell, a sensory cell that reacts to the presence of light. The outer segment of the photoreceptor cell contains the light-absorbing materials. 1
GO:0030539 male genitalia development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the male genitalia over time, from its formation to the mature structure. 1
GO:0009943 adaxial/abaxial axis specification The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the adaxial / abaxial axis. Adaxial refers to being situated toward an axis of an anatomical structure. Abaxial refers to being situated away from an axis of an anatomical structure. 1
GO:0042675 compound eye cone cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a compound eye cone cell, a cone-shaped cell, that focuses light in a compound eye. 1
GO:0045137 development of primary sexual characteristics The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the primary sexual characteristics over time, from their formation to the mature structures. The primary sexual characteristics are the testes in males and the ovaries in females and they develop in response to sex hormone secretion. 1
GO:0035158 regulation of tube diameter, open tracheal system Ensuring that a tube in an open tracheal system is of the correct diameter. When primary branches form their lumens are small (less than 2 micrometers) in caliber and must undergo regulated expansion during larval life to reach their mature size. 1
GO:0090057 root radial pattern formation The radial pattern formation process that results in the formation of the different tissues of the root around its radial axis. 1
GO:0050768 negative regulation of neurogenesis Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neurogenesis, the origin and formation of neurons. 1
GO:0008038 neuron recognition The process in which a neuronal cell in a multicellular organism interprets its surroundings. 1
GO:0021545 cranial nerve development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cranial nerves over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cranial nerves are composed of twelve pairs of nerves that emanate from the nervous tissue of the hindbrain. These nerves are sensory, motor, or mixed in nature, and provide the motor and general sensory innervation of the head, neck and viscera. They mediate vision, hearing, olfaction and taste and carry the parasympathetic innervation of the autonomic ganglia that control visceral functions. 1
GO:0016318 ommatidial rotation The process in which photoreceptors are arranged in ommatidia in the dorsal and ventral fields to be mirror images. The polarity is established in the imaginal discs concurrently with cell fate specification. 1
GO:0007496 anterior midgut development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the anterior midgut over time, from its formation to the mature structure. 1
GO:0016445 somatic diversification of immunoglobulins The somatic process that results in the generation of sequence diversity of immunoglobulins. 1
GO:0030098 lymphocyte differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized precursor cell acquires specialized features of a lymphocyte. A lymphocyte is a leukocyte commonly found in the blood and lymph that has the characteristics of a large nucleus, a neutral staining cytoplasm, and prominent heterochromatin. 1
GO:0035002 liquid clearance, open tracheal system The clearance of liquid from the epithelial tubes of an open tracheal system, shortly before the emergence of the larva, to generate an air-filled tubule system. 1
GO:0061042 vascular wound healing Blood vessel formation when new vessels emerge from the proliferation of pre-existing blood vessels and contribute to the series of events that restore integrity to damaged vasculature. 1
GO:0033153 T cell receptor V(D)J recombination The process in which T cell receptor V, D, and J, or V and J gene segments, depending on the specific locus, are recombined within a single locus utilizing the conserved heptamer and nonomer recombination signal sequences (RSS). 1
GO:0060487 lung epithelial cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an epithelial cell that contributes to the epithelium of the lung. 1
GO:0040003 chitin-based cuticle development Synthesis and deposition of a chitin-based noncellular, hardened, or membranous secretion from an epithelial sheet. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster. 1
GO:0060253 negative regulation of glial cell proliferation Any process that stops or decreases the rate or extent of glial cell proliferation. 1
GO:0060119 inner ear receptor cell development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an inner ear receptor cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a specific fate. 1
GO:0021537 telencephalon development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the telencephalon over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The telencephalon is the paired anteriolateral division of the prosencephalon plus the lamina terminalis from which the olfactory lobes, cerebral cortex, and subcortical nuclei are derived. 1
GO:0003157 endocardium development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the endocardium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The endocardium is an anatomical structure comprised of an endothelium and an extracellular matrix that forms the innermost layer of tissue of the heart, and lines the heart chambers. 1
GO:0007309 oocyte axis specification The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of an axis in the oocyte. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster. 1
GO:0033152 immunoglobulin V(D)J recombination The process in which immunoglobulin gene segments are recombined within a single locus utilizing the conserved heptamer and nonomer recombination signal sequences (RSS). For immunoglobulin heavy chains V, D, and J gene segments are joined, and for immunoglobulin light chains V and J gene segments are joined. 1
GO:0045498 sex comb development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the sex comb over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The sex combs are the male specific chaetae located on the prothoracic tarsal segment of the prothoracic leg. 1
GO:0060317 cardiac epithelial to mesenchymal transition A transition where a cardiac epithelial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell. 1
GO:0006035 cuticle chitin biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cuticle chitin, a linear polysaccharide consisting of beta-(1->4)-linked N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues, found in cuticles. 1
GO:0009798 axis specification The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of a pattern along a line or around a point. 1