Go terms map to parent GO term: GO:0009653   anatomical structure morphogenesis
GOID
Link to GO
 Functional Category Description Protein Count
link to
protein list
GO:0048767 root hair elongation The process in which the root hair grows longer. 629
GO:0009860 pollen tube growth Growth of pollen via tip extension of the intine wall. 586
GO:0009965 leaf morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of the leaf are generated and organized. 384
GO:0009826 unidimensional cell growth The process in which a cell irreversibly increases in size in one [spatial] dimension or along one axis, resulting in the morphogenesis of the cell. 358
GO:0010171 body morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of the soma are generated and organized. 340
GO:0009932 cell tip growth Growth that occurs specifically at the tip of a cell. 279
GO:0002009 morphogenesis of an epithelium The process in which the anatomical structures of epithelia are generated and organized. An epithelium consists of closely packed cells arranged in one or more layers, that covers the outer surfaces of the body or lines any internal cavity or tube. 271
GO:0010103 stomatal complex morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of the stomatal complex are generated and organized. The stomatal complex is the stomatal guard cells and their associated epidermal cells. 264
GO:0007411 axon guidance The chemotaxis process that directs the migration of an axon growth cone to a specific target site in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues. 257
GO:0048646 anatomical structure formation involved in morphogenesis The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of an anatomical structure from unspecified parts. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure and ends when the structural rudiment is recognizable. An anatomical structure is any biological entity that occupies space and is distinguished from its surroundings. Anatomical structures can be macroscopic such as a carpel, or microscopic such as an acrosome. 257
GO:0010090 trichome morphogenesis The process in which the structures of a hair cell (trichome) cell are generated and organized. This process occurs while the initially relatively unspecialized epidermal cell is acquiring the specialized features of a hair cell. An example of this process is found in Arabidopsis thaliana. 255
GO:0048765 root hair cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a root hair cell. 221
GO:0030437 ascospore formation The process in which cells that are products of meiosis acquire the specialized features of ascospores. Ascospores are generally found in clusters of four or eight spores within a single mother cell, the ascus, and are characteristic of the ascomycete fungi (phylum Ascomycota). 198
GO:0009887 organ morphogenesis Morphogenesis of an organ. An organ is defined as a tissue or set of tissues that work together to perform a specific function or functions. Morphogenesis is the process in which anatomical structures are generated and organized. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions. 192
GO:0001525 angiogenesis Blood vessel formation when new vessels emerge from the proliferation of pre-existing blood vessels. 177
GO:0000902 cell morphogenesis The developmental process in which the size or shape of a cell is generated and organized. 177
GO:0010014 meristem initiation Initiation of a region of tissue in a plant that is composed of one or more undifferentiated cells capable of undergoing mitosis and differentiation, thereby effecting growth and development of a plant by giving rise to more meristem or specialized tissue. 167
GO:0071688 striated muscle myosin thick filament assembly The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins to form the myosin-based thick filaments of myofibrils in striated muscle. 150
GO:0009933 meristem structural organization Organization of a region of tissue in a plant that is composed of one or more undifferentiated cells capable of undergoing mitosis and differentiation, thereby effecting growth and development of a plant by giving rise to more meristem or specialized tissue. 137
GO:0010072 primary shoot apical meristem specification The specification of the meristem which will give rise to all post-embryonic above-ground structures of the plant as well as the non-root below-ground structures, such as rhizomes and tubers. 135
GO:0010311 lateral root formation The process that gives rise to a lateral root. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. A lateral root primordium represents an organized group of cells derived from the root pericycle that will differentiate into a new root, as opposed to the initiation of the main root from the embryo proper. 124
GO:0007476 imaginal disc-derived wing morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of the imaginal disc-derived wing are generated and organized. The wing is an appendage modified for flying. 116
GO:0031100 organ regeneration The regrowth of a lost or destroyed organ. 113
GO:0010584 pollen exine formation The formation of the pollen exine. The reticulate pollen wall pattern consists of two layers, exine and intine. 110
GO:0042384 cilium assembly The assembly of a cilium, a specialized eukaryotic organelle that consists of a filiform extrusion of the cell surface. Each cilium is bounded by an extrusion of the cytoplasmic membrane, and contains a regular longitudinal array of microtubules, anchored basally in a centriole. 105
GO:0042052 rhabdomere development The assembly and arrangement of a rhabdomere within a cell. The rhabdomere is the organelle on the apical surface of a photoreceptor cell that contains the visual pigments. 103
GO:0007409 axonogenesis Generation of a long process of a neuron, that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body towards target cells. 102
GO:0010208 pollen wall assembly The formation of reticulate pollen wall pattern consisting of two layers, exine and intine. 101
GO:0048813 dendrite morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of a dendrite are generated and organized. A dendrite is a freely branching protoplasmic process of a nerve cell. 94
GO:0048449 floral organ formation The process that gives rise to floral organs. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. 89
GO:0010091 trichome branching Any process involved in the formation of branches in plant hair cells. An example of this process is found in Arabidopsis thaliana. 85
GO:0010093 specification of floral organ identity The process in which the identity of a floral organ primordium is specified. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized. 78
GO:0007291 sperm individualization The resolution of the male germline syncytium or cyst into individual gametes by packaging each spermatid into its own plasma membrane. 77
GO:0001751 compound eye photoreceptor cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an eye photoreceptor cell. 76
GO:0010053 root epidermal cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell in the root epidermis acquires the specialized features of a trichoblast or atrichoblast. 75
GO:0007520 myoblast fusion A process in which non-proliferating myoblasts fuse to existing fibers or to myotubes to form new fibers. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers. 75
GO:0001947 heart looping The tube morphogenesis process in which the primitive heart tube loops asymmetrically. This looping brings the primitive heart chambers into alignment preceding their future integration. Heart looping begins with dextral-looping and ends when the main regional divisions of the mature heart and primordium of the great arterial trunks become established preceeding septation. 73
GO:0048439 flower morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of the flower are generated and organized. 72
GO:0006949 syncytium formation The formation of a syncytium, a mass of cytoplasm containing several nuclei enclosed within a single plasma membrane. Syncytia are normally derived from single cells that fuse or fail to complete cell division. 71
GO:0031101 fin regeneration The regrowth of fin tissue following its loss or destruction. 71
GO:0046664 dorsal closure, amnioserosa morphology change The changes that occur during dorsal closure of the shape and structure of the amnioserosa, an epithelium that occupies the dorsal side of the embryo. 63
GO:0007349 cellularization The separation of a multi-nucleate cell or syncytium into individual cells. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster embryo development. 63
GO:0031288 sorocarp morphogenesis The process in which the sorocarp is generated and organized. An example of this process is found in Dictyostelium discoideum. 62
GO:0080147 root hair cell development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a root hair cell over time, from its formation to the mature state. 62
GO:0048768 root hair cell tip growth Localized growth of a plant root hair tip by extension of the cell wall. 60
GO:0007301 female germline ring canal formation Assembly of the intercellular bridges that connect the germ-line cells of a female cyst. 60
GO:0048812 neuron projection morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of a neuron projection are generated and organized. A neuron projection is any process extending from a neural cell, such as axons or dendrites. 59
GO:0007394 dorsal closure, elongation of leading edge cells The change in shape of cells at the dorsal-most (leading) edge of the epidermis from being polygonal to being elongated in the dorsal/ventral axis. 59
GO:0021952 central nervous system projection neuron axonogenesis Generation of a long process of a CNS neuron, that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body towards target cells in a different central nervous system region. 59
GO:0035071 salivary gland cell autophagic cell death The stage-specific programmed cell death of salivary gland cells during salivary gland histolysis. 58
GO:0007465 R7 cell fate commitment The process in which the R7 photoreceptor commits to its cell fate. The R7 receptor contributes the central part of the rhabdomere in the apical parts of the ommatidium. 58
GO:0001703 gastrulation with mouth forming first A gastrulation process in which the initial invagination becomes the mouth and the anus forms second. 53
GO:0030859 polarized epithelial cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a polarized epithelial cell. The polarized epithelial cell can be any of the cells within an epithelium where the epithelial sheet is oriented with respect to the planar axis. 50
GO:0010015 root morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of roots are generated and organized. The root is the usually underground part of a seed plant body that originates from the hypocotyl, functions as an organ of absorption, aeration, and food storage or as a means of anchorage and support. 50
GO:0030435 sporulation resulting in formation of a cellular spore The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a cellular spore, a cell form that can be used for dissemination, for survival of adverse conditions because of its heat and dessication resistance, and/or for reproduction. 48
GO:0010338 leaf formation The process that gives rise to a leaf. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. 48
GO:0007369 gastrulation A complex and coordinated series of cellular movements that occurs at the end of cleavage during embryonic development of most animals. The details of gastrulation vary from species to species, but usually result in the formation of the three primary germ layers, ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm. 46
GO:0007413 axonal fasciculation The collection of axons into a bundle of rods, known as a fascicle. 44
GO:0042067 establishment of ommatidial planar polarity The specification of polarized ommatidia. Ommatidia occur in two chiral forms. The trapezoidal arrangement of photoreceptors in the dorsal part of the eye is the mirror image of that in the ventral part. 43
GO:0031321 ascospore-type prospore assembly During ascospore formation, the process in which each haploid nucleus becomes encapsulated by a double membrane. 43
GO:0030538 embryonic genitalia morphogenesis The process, occurring in the embryo, by which the anatomical structures of the genitalia are generated and organized. 42
GO:0010016 shoot system morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of the shoot are generated and organized. The shoot is the part of a seed plant body that is usually above ground. 42
GO:0016360 sensory organ precursor cell fate determination The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a sensory organ precursor cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed. 42
GO:0030723 ovarian fusome organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the fusome of ovarian cells, an organelle derived from the spectrosome. It anchors the mitotic spindle pole to provide orientation during cystoblast cell divisions. 42
GO:0048598 embryonic morphogenesis The process in which anatomical structures are generated and organized during the embryonic phase. The embryonic phase begins with zygote formation. The end of the embryonic phase is organism-specific. For example, it would be at birth for mammals, larval hatching for insects and seed dormancy in plants. 41
GO:0010102 lateral root morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of a lateral root are generated and organized. A lateral root is one formed from pericycle cells located on the xylem radius of the root, as opposed to the initiation of the main root from the embryo proper. 40
GO:0007288 sperm axoneme assembly The assembly and organization of the sperm flagellar axoneme, the bundle of microtubules and associated proteins that forms the core of the eukaryotic sperm flagellum, and is responsible for movement. 40
GO:0048281 inflorescence morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of inflorescences are generated and organized. An inflorescence is the part of a seed plant body that is usually above ground and that can bear flowers. 39
GO:0002072 optic cup morphogenesis involved in camera-type eye development The invagination of the optic vesicle to form two-walled indentations, the optic cups, that will go on to form the retina. This process begins with the optic vesicle becoming a two-walled structure and its subsequent shape changes. It does not include the fate commitment of cells to become the pigmented retina and the neural retina. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus. 39
GO:0008594 photoreceptor cell morphogenesis The process in which the structures of a photoreceptor cell are generated and organized. This process occurs while the initially relatively unspecialized cell is acquiring the specialized features of a photoreceptor cell, a sensory cell that reacts to the presence of light. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster. 38
GO:0007412 axon target recognition The process in which an axon recognizes and binds to a set of cells with which it may form stable connections. 38
GO:0010054 trichoblast differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a trichoblast, a root epidermal cell that will give rise to a root hair. 37
GO:0001837 epithelial to mesenchymal transition A transition where an epithelial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell. 37
GO:0032989 cellular component morphogenesis The process in which cellular structures, including whole cells or cell parts, are generated and organized. 37
GO:0045138 tail tip morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of the male copulatory structure in nematodes are generated and organized. The copulatory apparatus is a specialized tail structure reshaped during late post-embryonic development, that includes a fan-like arrangement of nine pairs of chemosensory organs known as rays, sclerotized spicules, the gubernaculum, the hook sensillum, and associated musculature. 36
GO:0030240 skeletal muscle thin filament assembly The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins to form the actin-based thin filaments of myofibrils in skeletal muscle. 36
GO:0010223 secondary shoot formation The process that gives rise to secondary (or auxiliary or axillary) shoots in plants. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. These secondary shoots originate from secondary meristems initiated in the axils of leaf primordia. Axillary meristems function like the shoot apical meristem of the primary shoot initating the development of lateral organs. 36
GO:0030703 eggshell formation Construction of the eggshell, a product of the somatic follicle cell epithelium and a structure that supports the egg in a hostile environment, minimizing water loss whilst allowing gas exchanges essential for embryonic respiration. 35
GO:0035147 branch fusion, open tracheal system Fusing of specific tracheal branches in an open tracheal system to branches from neighboring hemisegments to form a continuous tracheal network. Branch fusion is mediated by individual cells at the tip of each branch, which contact a similar cell and undergo a coordinated series of morphogenetic events that create a bicellular fusion joint. 35
GO:0009886 post-embryonic morphogenesis The process, occurring after embryonic development, by which anatomical structures are generated and organized. 35
GO:0003146 heart jogging The morphogenetic process in which the heart cone is displaced to the left with respect to the vector of the anterior-posterior axis. 34
GO:0007294 germarium-derived oocyte fate determination The cell fate determination process in which a germarium-derived cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an oocyte cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster. 34
GO:0001737 establishment of imaginal disc-derived wing hair orientation Orientation of hairs in the imaginal disc-derived wing along a proximal-distal axis, such that each cell of the wing produces one wing hair which points in a distal direction. 33
GO:0055113 epiboly involved in gastrulation with mouth forming second The expansion of one cell sheet over other cells involved in deuterostomic gastrulation. 33
GO:0080110 sporopollenin biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sporopollenin, a primary constituent of the pollen exine layer. 32
GO:0048657 anther wall tapetum cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an anther cell wall tapetum cell. The tapetum is a layer of cells that provides a source of nutrition for the pollen grains as they mature. 32
GO:0048754 branching morphogenesis of an epithelial tube The process in which the anatomical structures of branches in an epithelial tube are generated and organized. A tube is a long hollow cylinder. 32
GO:0035115 embryonic forelimb morphogenesis The process, occurring in the embryo, by which the anatomical structures of the forelimb are generated and organized. The forelimbs are the front limbs of an animal, e.g. the arms of a human. 32
GO:0043935 sexual sporulation resulting in formation of a cellular spore The formation of spores derived from the products of meiosis. A cellular spore is a cell form that can be used for dissemination, for survival of adverse conditions because of its heat and dessication resistance, and/or for reproduction. 31
GO:0003214 cardiac left ventricle morphogenesis The process in which the left cardiac ventricle is generated and organized. 31
GO:0016331 morphogenesis of embryonic epithelium The process in which the anatomical structures of embryonic epithelia are generated and organized. 30
GO:0048453 sepal formation The process that gives rise to the sepal. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. 30
GO:0048703 embryonic viscerocranium morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of the viscerocranium are generated and organized during the embryonic phase. The viscerocranium is the part of the skull comprising the facial bones. 30
GO:0007391 dorsal closure The process during Drosophila embryogenesis whereby the ectodermal cells of the lateral epithelium stretch in a coordinated fashion to internalize the amnioserosa cells and close the embryo dorsally. 30
GO:0046843 dorsal appendage formation Establishment of the dorsal filaments, elaborate specializations of the chorion that protrude from the anterior end of the egg and facilitate embryonic respiration. 29
GO:0001756 somitogenesis The formation of mesodermal clusters that are arranged segmentally along the anterior posterior axis of an embryo. 29
GO:0001410 chlamydospore formation The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the chlamydospore over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A chlamydospores is a mitotic (asexual) one-celled spore, produced primarily for survival, not dispersal, originating endogenously and singly within part of a pre-existing cell and possessing an inner secondary and often thickened cell wall. An example of this is found in Candida albicans. 29
GO:0048593 camera-type eye morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of the eye are generated and organized. The camera-type eye is an organ of sight that receives light through an aperture and focuses it through a lens, projecting it on a photoreceptor field. 29
GO:0008258 head involution Movement of the anterior ectoderm to the interior of the embryo. 28
GO:0007307 eggshell chorion gene amplification Amplification by up to 60-fold of the loci containing the chorion gene clusters. Amplification is necessary for the rapid synthesis of chorion proteins by the follicle cells, and occurs by repeated firing of one or more origins located within each gene cluster. 28
GO:0048557 embryonic digestive tract morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of the digestive tract are generated and organized during embryonic development. The digestive tract is the anatomical structure through which food passes and is processed. 28
GO:0060325 face morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of the face are generated and organized. The face is the ventral division of the head. 27
GO:0048451 petal formation The process that gives rise to the petal. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. 27
GO:0009558 embryo sac cellularization The process in which the eight-nucleate single celled female gametophyte develops into the seven-celled female gametophyte. This mature structure contains two synergid cells and an egg cell at the micropylar end, and three antipodal cells at the other end. A binucleate endosperm mother cell is formed at the center. An example of this process is found in Arabidopsis thaliana. 27
GO:0045214 sarcomere organization The myofibril assembly process that results in the organization of muscle actomyosin into sarcomeres. The sarcomere is the repeating unit of a myofibril in a muscle cell, composed of an array of overlapping thick and thin filaments between two adjacent Z discs. 27
GO:0021634 optic nerve formation The process that gives rise to the optic nerve. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The sensory optic nerve originates from the bipolar cells of the retina and conducts visual information to the brainstem. The optic nerve exits the back of the eye in the orbit, enters the optic canal, and enters the central nervous system at the optic chiasm (crossing) where the nerve fibers become the optic tract just prior to entering the hindbrain. 27
GO:0048546 digestive tract morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of the digestive tract are generated and organized. The digestive tract is the anatomical structure through which food passes and is processed. 26
GO:0061131 pancreas field specification The process in which a specific region of the gut is delineated into the area in which the pancreas will develop. 26
GO:0048446 petal morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of the petal are generated and organized. 26
GO:0042476 odontogenesis The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a tooth or teeth over time, from formation to the mature structure(s). A tooth is any hard bony, calcareous, or chitinous organ found in the mouth or pharynx of an animal and used in procuring or masticating food. 26
GO:0008045 motor neuron axon guidance The process in which the migration of an axon growth cone of a motor neuron is directed to a specific target site in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues. 26
GO:0060789 hair follicle placode formation The developmental process in which a hair placode forms. An hair follicle placode is a thickening of the ectoderm that will give rise to the hair follicle bud. 25
GO:0030476 ascospore wall assembly The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an ascospore wall. During sporulation in Ascomycota, each ascospore nucleus becomes surrounded by a specialized spore wall, formed by deposition of spore wall components in the lumenal space between the outer and inner leaflets of the prospore membrane. An example of this process is found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 24
GO:0048615 embryonic anterior midgut (ectodermal) morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of the anterior midgut (ectodermal) are generated and organized, during the embryonic phase. 24
GO:0035070 salivary gland histolysis The stage-specific break down of the larval salivary glands during Drosophila metamorphosis, to allow replacement of larval structures by tissues and structures that form the adult fly. 23
GO:0055010 ventricular cardiac muscle tissue morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of cardiac ventricle muscle is generated and organized. 23
GO:0035146 tube fusion The joining of specific branches of a tubular system to form a continuous network. 23
GO:0048803 imaginal disc-derived male genitalia morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of male genitalia are generated and organized from the genital imaginal disc. 22
GO:0045467 R7 cell development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the R7 photoreceptor over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The R7 photoreceptor is the last photoreceptor to develop in the ommatidium. 22
GO:0055003 cardiac myofibril assembly The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cardiac myofibril over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A cardiac myofibril is a myofibril specific to cardiac muscle cells. 22
GO:0043403 skeletal muscle tissue regeneration The regrowth of skeletal muscle tissue to repair injured or damaged muscle fibers in the postnatal stage. 21
GO:0048675 axon extension Long distance growth of a single axon process involved in cellular development. 21
GO:0060059 embryonic retina morphogenesis in camera-type eye The process in which the anatomical structure of the retina is generated and organized in a camera-type eye during the embryonic life stage. 20
GO:0010160 formation of organ boundary The regionalization process that specifies organ primordium boundaries resulting in a restriction of organogenesis to a limited spatial domain and keeping the organ separate from surrounding tissues. 20
GO:0030241 skeletal muscle myosin thick filament assembly The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins to form the myosin-based thick filaments of myofibrils in skeletal muscle. 19
GO:0010199 organ boundary specification between lateral organs and the meristem The process in which boundaries between lateral organs and the meristem is established and maintained. 19
GO:0042814 monopolar cell growth Polarized growth from one end of a cell. 19
GO:0048315 conidium formation Formation of asexual, nonmotile spores in fungi, by conversion of hyphal elements or arising from specialized sporogenous cells. 19
GO:0003272 endocardial cushion formation The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of an endocardial cushion. The endocardial cushion is a specialized region of mesenchymal cells that will give rise to the heart septa and valves. 18
GO:0010082 regulation of root meristem growth Any process involved in maintaining the size and shape of a root meristem. 18
GO:0072499 photoreceptor cell axon guidance The chemotaxis process that directs the migration of a photoreceptor cell axon growth cone to its target in the optic lobe in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues. 18
GO:0035317 imaginal disc-derived wing hair organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level that results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an imaginal disc-derived wing hair. A wing hair is an actin-rich, polarized, non-sensory apical projection that protrudes from each of the approximately 30,000 wing epithelial cells. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster. 18
GO:0055008 cardiac muscle tissue morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of cardiac muscle tissue are generated and organized. 18
GO:0035148 tube formation Creation of the central hole of a tube in an anatomical structure through which gases and/or liquids flow. 18
GO:0060271 cilium morphogenesis A process that is carried out at the cellular level and in which the structure of a cilium is organized. 18
GO:0031322 ascospore-type prospore-specific spindle pole body remodeling A spindle pole body (SPB) organization process that takes place during the second meiotic division during ascospore formation and results in the structural reorganization of the SPB; includes the recruitment of sporulation-specific proteins to the outer plaque to form the meiotic outer plaque (MOP). 17
GO:0048048 embryonic eye morphogenesis The process occurring in the embryo by which the anatomical structures of the post-embryonic eye are generated and organized. 17
GO:0048532 anatomical structure arrangement The process that gives rise to the configuration of the constituent parts of an anatomical structure. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. Anatomical structures can be macroscopic such as a carpel, or microscopic such as an acrosome. 17
GO:0021589 cerebellum structural organization The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the cerebellum. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. The cerebellum is the portion of the brain in the back of the head between the cerebrum and the pons. The cerebellum controls balance for walking and standing, modulates the force and range of movement and is involved in the learning of motor skills. 17
GO:0090103 cochlea morphogenesis The process in which the cochlea is generated and organized. 17
GO:0048800 antennal morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of the antenna are generated and organized. 17
GO:0007474 imaginal disc-derived wing vein specification The regionalization process in which the area of a imaginal disc-derived wing that will form a wing vein is specified. 17
GO:0034446 substrate adhesion-dependent cell spreading The morphogenetic process that results in flattening of a cell as a consequence of its adhesion to a substrate. 17
GO:0002093 auditory receptor cell morphogenesis Any process that alters the size or shape of an auditory receptor cell. 17
GO:0007390 germ-band shortening The spreading of the amnioserosa from its compressed state to cover the whole of the dorsal surface. Initiating in the thorax and spreading posteriorly, it is accompanied by the transition from a parasegmental to segmental division of the embryo. 17
GO:0003382 epithelial cell morphogenesis The change in form that occurs when an epithelial cell progresses from its initial formation to its mature state. 17
GO:0001702 gastrulation with mouth forming second A gastrulation process in which the initial invagination becomes the anus and the mouth forms second. 16
GO:0060448 dichotomous subdivision of terminal units involved in lung branching The process in which a lung bud bifurcates. 16
GO:0080159 zygote elongation The process in which the zygote irreversibly increases in size in one dimension after fertilization. An example of such a process is found in Arabidopsis thaliana. 16
GO:0042733 embryonic digit morphogenesis The process, occurring in the embryo, by which the anatomical structures of the digit are generated and organized. A digit is one of the terminal divisions of an appendage, such as a finger or toe. 15
GO:0048846 axon extension involved in axon guidance The long distance growth of a single cell process, that is involved in the migration of an axon growth cone, where the migration is directed to a specific target site by a combination of attractive and repulsive cues. 15
GO:0033563 dorsal/ventral axon guidance The process in which the migration of an axon growth cone is directed to a specific target site along the dorsal-ventral body axis in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues. The dorsal/ventral axis is defined by a line that runs orthogonal to both the anterior/posterior and left/right axes. The dorsal end is defined by the upper or back side of an organism. The ventral end is defined by the lower or front side of an organism. 15
GO:0001570 vasculogenesis The differentiation of endothelial cells from progenitor cells during blood vessel development, and the de novo formation of blood vessels and tubes. 15
GO:0008078 mesodermal cell migration The orderly movement of mesodermal cells from one site to another. 15
GO:0002040 sprouting angiogenesis The extension of new blood vessels from existing capillaries into avascular tissues resulting from the proliferation of blood vessel endothelial cells. 15
GO:0060349 bone morphogenesis The process in which bones are generated and organized. 15
GO:0016335 morphogenesis of larval imaginal disc epithelium The process in which the anatomical structures of a larval imaginal disc epithelium are generated and organized. 14
GO:0035320 imaginal disc-derived wing hair site selection Determination of the site in the cell of an imaginal disc-derived wing at which a prehair initiates outgrowth. Restriction of prehair initiation to the distalmost part of a cell is essential to ensure that each wing epithelial cell produces one adult hair that points distally. 14
GO:0070584 mitochondrion morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of a mitochondrion are generated and organized. 14
GO:0031103 axon regeneration The regrowth of axons following their loss or damage. 14
GO:0007426 tracheal outgrowth, open tracheal system The projection of branches of an open tracheal system towards their target tissues. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster. 14
GO:0060661 submandibular salivary gland formation The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a submandibular salivary gland. This process begins with a thickening of the epithelium next to the tongue and ends when a bud linked to the oral surface is formed. 13
GO:0036011 imaginal disc-derived leg segmentation Division of an imaginal disc-derived leg into a series of semi-repetitive parts or segments. The Drosophila leg, for example, has nine segments, each separated from the next by a flexible joint. 13
GO:0003007 heart morphogenesis The developmental process in which the heart is generated and organized. The heart is a hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood. 13
GO:0010358 leaf shaping The developmental process that pertains to the organization of a leaf in three-dimensional space once the structure has initially formed. 13
GO:0031069 hair follicle morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of the hair follicle are generated and organized. 13
GO:0040032 post-embryonic body morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of the post-embryonic soma are generated and organized. 12
GO:0010078 maintenance of root meristem identity The process in which an organism retains a population of root meristem cells, preventing the commitment of all stem cell progeny to a differentiated cell fate. 12
GO:0036342 post-anal tail morphogenesis The process in which a post-anal tail is generated and organized. A post-anal tail is a muscular region of the body that extends posterior to the anus. The post-anal tail may aid locomotion and balance. 12
GO:0060439 trachea morphogenesis The process in which a trachea is generated and organized. The trachea is the portion of the airway that attaches to the bronchi as it branches. 12
GO:0048826 cotyledon morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of the cotyledon are generated and organized. The cotyledon is the modified leaf (seed leaf), found as part of the embryo in plant seeds. It is involved in either storage or absorption of food reserves. Dicotyledonous seeds contain two cotyledons, while monocotyledonous seeds contain only one. The cotyledons may appear above ground and show photosynthetic activity in the seedling. 12
GO:0061198 fungiform papilla formation The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a spongiform papilla from unspecified parts. The fungiform papilla is a mushroom-shaped papilla of the tongue. 12
GO:0042475 odontogenesis of dentin-containing tooth The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a dentin-containing tooth over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A dentin-containing tooth is a hard, bony organ borne on the jaw or other bone of a vertebrate, and is composed mainly of dentin, a dense calcified substance, covered by a layer of enamel. 12
GO:0070983 dendrite guidance The process in which the migration of a dendrite is directed to a specific target site in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues. 11
GO:0048530 fruit morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of a fruit are generated and organized. A fruit is a reproductive body of a seed plant. 11
GO:0035118 embryonic pectoral fin morphogenesis The process, occurring in the embryo, by which the anatomical structures of the pectoral fin are generated and organized. Pectoral fins are bilaterally paired fins mounted laterally and located behind the gill covers of fish. These fins are used for lateral mobility and propulsion. 11
GO:0007435 salivary gland morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of the salivary gland are generated and organized. 11
GO:0035318 imaginal disc-derived wing hair outgrowth Extrusion of a cellular projection from the apical membrane of an epithelial cell in an imaginal disc-derived wing. Outgrowth initiates approximately 35 hours after puparium formation from the distal side of the cell, and at this stage the cellular extension is termed a prehair. 11
GO:0010159 specification of organ position The regionalization process in which information that determines the correct position at which organ primordia are formed is generated and perceived resulting in correct positioning of the new organ. 11
GO:0071600 otic vesicle morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of the otic vesicle are generated and organized. The otic vesicle is a transient embryonic structure formed during development of the vertebrate inner ear. 11
GO:0007396 suture of dorsal opening Closure of the dorsal hole. Filopodia extending from each leading edge interdigitate at the dorsal midline and appear to prime the formation of adherens junctions between the two rows of leading edge cells. Newly formed septate junctions are also used to seal the dorsal hole. 11
GO:0048482 ovule morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of the ovule are generated and organized. The ovule is the structure in seed plants enclosing the female gametophyte, and is composed of the nucellus, one or two integuments, and the funiculus; it develops into the seed. 11
GO:0061383 trabecula morphogenesis The process of shaping a trabecula in an organ. A trabecula is a small, often microscopic, tissue element in the form of a small beam, strut or rod, which generally has a mechanical function. Trabecula are usually but not necessarily, composed of dense collagenous tissue. 11
GO:0048317 seed morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of the seed are generated and organized. 11
GO:0060028 convergent extension involved in axis elongation The morphogenetic process in which an epithelium narrows along one axis and lengthens in a perpendicular axis contributing to the lengthening of the axis of an organism. 11
GO:0001745 compound eye morphogenesis The morphogenetic process in which the anatomical structures of the compound eye are generated and organized. The adult compound eye is a precise assembly of 700-800 ommatidia. Each ommatidium is composed of 20 cells, identified by cell type and position. An example of compound eye morphogenesis is found in Drosophila melanogaster. 11
GO:0060562 epithelial tube morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of a tube are generated and organized from an epithelium. Epithelial tubes transport gases, liquids and cells from one site to another and form the basic structure of many organs and tissues, with tube shape and organization varying from the single-celled excretory organ in Caenorhabditis elegans to the branching trees of the mammalian kidney and insect tracheal system. 10
GO:0048674 collateral sprouting of injured axon The process resulting in reformation of a growth cone by the tip of an injured axon, or in collateral sprouting of the axon. Collateral sprouting is the process in which outgrowths develop from the shafts of existing axons. 10
GO:0060560 developmental growth involved in morphogenesis The increase in size or mass of an anatomical structure that contributes to the structure attaining its shape. 10
GO:0000904 cell morphogenesis involved in differentiation The change in form (cell shape and size) that occurs when relatively unspecialized cells, e.g. embryonic or regenerative cells, acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells, tissues, or organs of the mature organism or some other relatively stable phase of the organism's life history. 10
GO:0046529 imaginal disc fusion, thorax closure The joining of the parts of the wing imaginal discs, giving rise to the adult thorax. 10
GO:0035313 wound healing, spreading of epidermal cells The migration of an epidermal cell along or through a wound gap that contributes to the reestablishment of a continuous epidermis. 10
GO:0007430 terminal branching, open tracheal system Formation of terminal branches in the open tracheal system. These are long cytoplasmic extensions that form fine tubules that transport oxygen directly to the tissues. An example of the process is found in Drosophila melanogaster. 10
GO:0060993 kidney morphogenesis Morphogenesis of a kidney. A kidney is an organ that filters the blood and excretes the end products of body metabolism in the form of urine. 10
GO:0008407 chaeta morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of the chaeta are generated and organized. A chaeta is a sensory multicellular cuticular outgrowth of a specifically differentiated cell. 10
GO:0010842 retina layer formation The process in which the vertebrate retina is organized into three laminae: the outer nuclear layer (ONL), which contains photoreceptor nuclei; the inner nuclear layer (INL), which contains amacrine, bipolar and horizontal cells; and the retinal ganglion cell (RGC) layer. Between the inner and outer nuclear layers, the outer plexiform layer (OPL) contains connections between the photoreceptors and bipolar and horizontal cells. The inner plexiform layer (IPL) is positioned between the INL and the ganglion cell layer and contains the dendrites of RGCs and processes of bipolar and amacrine cells. Spanning all layers of the retina are the radially oriented Mueller glia. 10
GO:0043936 asexual sporulation resulting in formation of a cellular spore The formation of a cellular spore derived from the products of mitosis. A cellular spore is a cell form that can be used for dissemination, for survival of adverse conditions because of its heat and dessication resistance, and/or for reproduction. 10
GO:0046844 micropyle formation Establishment of the micropyle, a single cone-shaped specialization of the chorion that allows sperm entry into the egg prior to fertilization. 10
GO:0010052 guard cell differentiation The process in which a guard mother cell acquires the specialized features of a guard cell. 9
GO:0007395 dorsal closure, spreading of leading edge cells Dorsally-directed movement of a cell at the leading edge of the epithelium over the amnioserosa. 9
GO:0007374 posterior midgut invagination Formation of a cup-shaped invagination at the posterior end of the embryo, bringing the posterior midgut and hindgut primordia into the interior. 9
GO:0001736 establishment of planar polarity Coordinated organization of groups of cells in the plane of an epithelium, such that they all orient to similar coordinates. 9
GO:0035298 regulation of Malpighian tubule size Ensuring that a Malpighian tubule is the correct length and diameter. 9
GO:0061299 retina vasculature morphogenesis in camera-type eye The process in which the vasculature of the retina is generated and organized. 9
GO:0016334 establishment or maintenance of polarity of follicular epithelium Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of a polarized follicular epithelial sheet. 9
GO:0090254 cell elongation involved in imaginal disc-derived wing morphogenesis The process in which a cell elongates and contributes to imaginal disc-derived wing morphogenesis. 9
GO:0035277 spiracle morphogenesis, open tracheal system The process in which the anatomical structures of a spiracle are generated and organized. Spiracles are the openings in the insect open tracheal system; externally they connect to the epidermis and internally they connect to the tracheal trunk. 9
GO:0060027 convergent extension involved in gastrulation The morphogenetic process in which an epithelium narrows along one axis and lengthens in a perpendicular axis usually resulting in the formation of the three primary germ layers, ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm. 9
GO:0007370 ventral furrow formation Formation of a ventral indentation (furrow) from the blastoderm epithelium, which is internalized to form a tube in the interior of the embryo, marking the start of gastrulation. 9
GO:0060441 epithelial tube branching involved in lung morphogenesis The process in which a highly ordered sequence of patterning events generates the branched epithelial tubes of the lung, consisting of reiterated combinations of bud outgrowth, elongation, and dichotomous subdivision of terminal units. 9
GO:0007377 germ-band extension Elongation of the germ band on the ventral side of the embryo, accompanied by a halving in width. The elongation process pushes the posterior midgut invagination closed and compresses the amnioserosa further. 9
GO:0046663 dorsal closure, leading edge cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a leading edge cell, the dorsal-most cells of the epidermis that migrates during dorsal closure. 9
GO:0007293 germarium-derived egg chamber formation Construction of a stage-1 egg chamber in the anterior part of the germarium, from the progeny of germ-line and somatic stem cells. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster. 8
GO:0048444 floral organ morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of the floral organ are generated and organized. 8
GO:0048142 germarium-derived cystoblast division The four rounds of incomplete mitosis undergone by a cystoblast to form a 16-cell cyst of interconnected cells within a germarium. Within the cyst, one cell differentiates into an oocyte while the rest become nurse cells. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster. 8
GO:0021697 cerebellar cortex formation The process that gives rise to the cerebellar cortex. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The cerebellar cortex is a thin mantle of gray matter that covers the surface of each cerebral hemisphere. It has a characteristic morphology with convolutions (gyri) and crevices (sulci) that have specific functions. Six layers of nerve cells and the nerve pathways that connect them comprise the cerebellar cortex. Together, these regions are responsible for the processes of conscious thought, perception, emotion and memory as well as advanced motor function. 8
GO:0021819 layer formation in cerebral cortex The detachment of cells from radial glial fibers at the appropriate time when they cease to migrate and form distinct layer in the cerebral cortex. 8
GO:0010086 embryonic root morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of the embryonic root are generated and organized. 8
GO:0035262 gonad morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of the gonads are generated and organized. A gonad is an animal organ producing gametes, e.g. the testes or the ovary in mammals. 8
GO:0048766 root hair initiation The process in which a protrusion or bulge is formed at the site of plant root hair outgrowth. 8
GO:0048854 brain morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of the brain are generated and organized. The brain is one of the two components of the central nervous system and is the center of thought and emotion. It is responsible for the coordination and control of bodily activities and the interpretation of information from the senses (sight, hearing, smell, etc.). 8
GO:0048445 carpel morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of the carpel are generated and organized. 8
GO:0048645 organ formation The process pertaining to the initial formation of an organ from unspecified parts. The process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure, such as inductive events, and ends when the structural rudiment of the organ is recognizable, such as a condensation of mesenchymal cells into the organ rudiment. Organs are a natural part or structure in an animal or a plant, capable of performing some special action (termed its function), which is essential to the life or well-being of the whole. The heart and lungs are organs of animals, and the petal and leaf are organs of plants. In animals the organs are generally made up of several tissues, one of which usually predominates, and determines the principal function of the organ. 7
GO:0048769 sarcomerogenesis The process in which sarcomeres are added in series within a fiber. 7
GO:0048448 stamen morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of the stamen are generated and organized. 7
GO:0097094 craniofacial suture morphogenesis The process in which any suture between cranial and/or facial bones is generated and organized. 7
GO:0042472 inner ear morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of the inner ear are generated and organized. The inner ear is the structure in vertebrates that contains the organs of balance and hearing. It consists of soft hollow sensory structures (the membranous labyrinth) containing fluid (endolymph) surrounded by fluid (perilymph) and encased in a bony cavity (the bony labyrinth). It consists of two chambers, the sacculus and utriculus, from which arise the cochlea and semicircular canals respectively. 7
GO:0001958 endochondral ossification Replacement ossification wherein bone tissue replaces cartilage. 7
GO:0001829 trophectodermal cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a trophectoderm cell. 6
GO:0042074 cell migration involved in gastrulation The migration of individual cells within the blastocyst to help establish the multi-layered body plan of the organism (gastrulation). For example, the migration of cells from the surface to the interior of the embryo (ingression). 6
GO:0097421 liver regeneration The regrowth of lost or destroyed liver. 6
GO:0061154 endothelial tube morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of a tube are generated and organized from an endothelium. Endothelium refers to the layer of cells lining blood vessels, lymphatics, the heart, and serous cavities, and is derived from bone marrow or mesoderm. Corneal endothelium is a special case, derived from neural crest cells. 6
GO:0001843 neural tube closure The last step in the formation of the neural tube, where the paired neural folds are brought together and fuse at the dorsal midline. 6
GO:0030713 ovarian follicle cell stalk formation Development of ovarian follicle cells to create the interfollicular stalks that connect the egg chambers of progressive developmental stages. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster. 6
GO:0007304 chorion-containing eggshell formation The construction of a chorion-containing eggshell. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster. 5
GO:0060088 auditory receptor cell stereocilium organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a stereocilium. A stereocilium is an actin-based protrusion from the apical surface of auditory hair cells. 5
GO:0060776 simple leaf morphogenesis The leaf morphogenesis process which results in the shaping of a simple leaf. A simple leaf is a leaf in which the lamina is undivided. 5
GO:0032289 central nervous system myelin formation The process in which the wraps of cell membrane that constitute myelin are laid down around an axon by an oligodendrocyte in the central nervous system. 5
GO:0016199 axon midline choice point recognition The recognition of molecules at the central nervous system midline choice point by an axon growth cone; this choice point determines whether the growth cone will cross the midline. 5
GO:0048455 stamen formation The process that contributes to the act of giving rise to the stamen. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. 5
GO:0048730 epidermis morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of the epidermis are generated and organized. The epidermis is the outer epithelial layer of a plant or animal, it may be a single layer that produces an extracellular material (e.g. the cuticle of arthropods) or a complex stratified squamous epithelium, as in the case of many vertebrate species. 5
GO:0007552 metamorphosis A biological process in which an animal physically develops after birth or hatching, involving a conspicuous and relatively abrupt change in the animal's form or structure. Examples include the change from tadpole to frog, and the change from larva to adult. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster. 5
GO:0032120 ascospore-type prospore membrane assembly The process in which the nascent membrane forms at the meiotic outer plaque and grows until closure occurs and forespores, or prospores, are formed. 5
GO:0035107 appendage morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of appendages are generated and organized. An appendage is an organ or part that is attached to the trunk of an organism, such as a limb or a branch. 5
GO:0021551 central nervous system morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structure of the central nervous system is generated and organized. The central nervous system is the core nervous system that serves an integrating and coordinating function. In vertebrates it consists of the brain, spinal cord and spinal nerves. In those invertebrates with a central nervous system it typically consists of a brain, cerebral ganglia and a nerve cord. 5
GO:0060744 mammary gland branching involved in thelarche The process in which the branching structure of the mammary gland duct is generated and organized during the period of sexual maturity in mammals. The mammary gland is a large compound sebaceous gland that in female mammals is modified to secrete milk. 5
GO:0030220 platelet formation The process in which platelets bud from long processes extended by megakaryocytes. 5
GO:0007488 histoblast morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures derived from the histoblast disc are generated and organized. This includes the transformation of histoblast cells into adult structures during pupal metamorphosis. Histoblast cells are cells founded in the embryo that are the progenitors to the adult abdomen. 5
GO:0060536 cartilage morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of cartilage are generated and organized. 5
GO:0010172 embryonic body morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of the embryonic soma are generated and organized. 5
GO:0055005 ventricular cardiac myofibril development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ventricular cardiac myofibril over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A cardiac myofibril is a myofibril specific to cardiac muscle cells. 4
GO:0007509 mesoderm migration involved in gastrulation The migration of mesodermal cells during gastrulation to help establish the multilayered body plan of the organism. 4
GO:0070590 spore wall biogenesis A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a spore wall. A spore wall is the specialized cell wall lying outside the cell membrane of a spore. 4
GO:0007455 eye-antennal disc morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures derived from the eye-antennal disc are generated and organized. This includes the transformation of an eye-antennal imaginal disc from a monolayered epithelium in the larvae of holometabolous insects into recognizable adult structures including the eye, antenna, head capsule and maxillary palps. 4
GO:0001569 patterning of blood vessels The process that regulates the coordinated growth and sprouting of blood vessels giving rise to the organized vascular system. 4
GO:0048592 eye morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of the eye are generated and organized. 4
GO:0007428 primary branching, open tracheal system Formation of primary branches in the open tracheal system. These form from small groups of cells that migrate out at specific positions, organizing into tubes as they migrate. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster. 4
GO:0003188 heart valve formation The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a heart valve from unspecified parts. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure and ends when the structural rudiment is recognizable. 4
GO:0000753 cell morphogenesis involved in conjugation with cellular fusion The change in form (cell shape and size) that occurs during sexual reproduction in order to facilitate direct contact between the compatible mating types in organisms that undergo conjugation cellular fusion. 4
GO:0035239 tube morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of a tube are generated and organized. Epithelial and endothelial tubes transport gases, liquids and cells from one site to another and form the basic structure of many organs and tissues, with tube shape and organization varying from the single-celled excretory organ in Caenorhabditis elegans to the branching trees of the mammalian kidney and insect tracheal system. 4
GO:0010092 specification of organ identity The regionalization process in which the identity of an organ primordium is specified. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized. 4
GO:0042051 compound eye photoreceptor development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a light-responsive receptor in the compound eye over time, from its formation to the mature structure. 4
GO:0035193 larval central nervous system remodeling Reorganization of the pre-existing, functional larval central nervous system into one that can serve the novel behavioral needs of the adult. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster. 3
GO:0048462 carpel formation The process that gives rise to the carpel. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. 3
GO:0035149 lumen formation, open tracheal system Creation of the central hole of a tube in an open tracheal system through which gases flow. 3
GO:0030708 germarium-derived female germ-line cyst encapsulation Formation of a single follicular epithelium around the germ-line derived cells of a cyst formed in the germarium. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster. 3
GO:0010442 guard cell morphogenesis Generation and organization of the polarized cell that is capable of turgor driven movement. 3
GO:0007443 Malpighian tubule morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of the Malpighian tubule are generated and organized. This process takes place entirely during the embryonic phase. A Malpighian tubule is a fine, thin-walled excretory tubule in insects which leads into the posterior part of the gut. 3
GO:0048853 forebrain morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of the forebrain are generated and organized. The forebrain is the anterior of the three primary divisions of the developing chordate brain or the corresponding part of the adult brain (in vertebrates, includes especially the cerebral hemispheres, the thalamus, and the hypothalamus and especially in higher vertebrates is the main control center for sensory and associative information processing, visceral functions, and voluntary motor functions). 3
GO:0003151 outflow tract morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of the outflow tract are generated and organized. The outflow tract is the portion of the heart through which blood flows into the arteries. 3
GO:0003138 primary heart field specification The process that results in the delineation of a specific region of the lateral mesoderm into the area which will form the primary beating heart tube. In mammals the primary heart field gives rise to the left ventricle. 3
GO:0010234 anther wall tapetum cell fate specification The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a tapetal cell of anthers in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed. 3
GO:0035987 endodermal cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an endoderm cell, a cell of the inner of the three germ layers of the embryo. 3
GO:0061031 endodermal digestive tract morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of the endodermal digestive tract are generated and organized. The endodermal digestive tract includes those portions of the digestive tract that are derived from endoderm. 3
GO:0048283 indeterminate inflorescence morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of determinate inflorescences are generated and organized. A determinate inflorescence is one that can produce an undefined number of floral meristems. 3
GO:0010071 root meristem specification The specification of a meristem which will give rise to a primary or lateral root. 3
GO:0072102 glomerulus morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of the glomerulus are generated and organized. The glomerulus is a capillary tuft surrounded by Bowman's capsule in nephrons of the vertebrate kidney. 3
GO:0007164 establishment of tissue polarity Coordinated organization of groups of cells in a tissue, such that they all orient to similar coordinates. 3
GO:0035138 pectoral fin morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of the pectoral fin are generated and organized. Pectoral fins are bilaterally paired fins mounted laterally and located behind the gill covers of fish. These fins are used for lateral mobility and propulsion. 3
GO:0048567 ectodermal digestive tract morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of the ectodermal digestive tract are generated and organized. The ectodermal digestive tract includes those portions of the digestive tract that are derived from ectoderm. 3
GO:0030326 embryonic limb morphogenesis The process, occurring in the embryo, by which the anatomical structures of the limb are generated and organized. A limb is an appendage of an animal used for locomotion or grasping. 3
GO:0080181 lateral root branching Any process involved in the formation of branches in lateral roots. 3
GO:0090506 axillary shoot meristem initiation A developmental process that results in the initiation of an axillary shoot meristem. An axillary shoot meristem is a shoot meristem formed in the axil of a leaf. 3
GO:0001831 trophectodermal cellular morphogenesis The morphogenesis of trophectoderm cells. 3
GO:0007279 pole cell formation Formation of a small group of cells (pole cells) at the posterior pole of the insect blastula. They are the first cells to cellularize after the arrival of nuclei at the end of the syncytial blastula stage and are the precursors to the insect germ cells. 3
GO:0001826 inner cell mass cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an inner cell mass cell. 3
GO:2001013 epithelial cell proliferation involved in renal tubule morphogenesis Any epithelial cell proliferation that is involved in renal tubule morphogenesis. 3
GO:0021955 central nervous system neuron axonogenesis Generation of a long process from a neuron whose cell body resides in the central nervous system. The process carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body towards target cells. 3
GO:0060026 convergent extension The morphogenetic process in which an epithelium narrows along one axis and lengthens in a perpendicular axis. 3
GO:0003185 sinoatrial valve morphogenesis The process in which the structure of the sinoatrial valve is generated and organized. 3
GO:0007480 imaginal disc-derived leg morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of a leg derived from an imaginal disc are generated and organized. A leg is a limb on which an animal walks and stands. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster. 3
GO:0003139 secondary heart field specification The process that results in the delineation of a specific region of the lateral mesoderm into the area which will form the majority of the mesodermal component of the right ventricle, arterial pole (outflow tract) and venous pole (inflow tract). 3
GO:0048702 embryonic neurocranium morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of the neurocranium are generated and organized during the embryonic phase. The neurocranium is the portion of the vertebrate skull surrounding the brain. 3
GO:0060997 dendritic spine morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of a dendritic spine are generated and organized. A dendritic spine is a protrusion from a dendrite and a specialized subcellular compartment involved in synaptic transmission. 2
GO:0052096 formation by symbiont of syncytium involving giant cell for nutrient acquisition from host The assembly by an organism of a syncytium, a nematode-induced multi-nucleate and physiologically active aggregation of fused root cells which exclusively provides the nematode with nourishment during its sedentary life, for the purpose of obtaining nutrients from its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. 2
GO:0048914 myelination of anterior lateral line nerve axons The formation of compact myelin sheaths around the axons of the anterior lateral line nerve. 2
GO:0016336 establishment or maintenance of polarity of larval imaginal disc epithelium Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of a polarized larval imaginal disc epithelium. 2
GO:0042246 tissue regeneration The regrowth of lost or destroyed tissues. 2
GO:0060914 heart formation The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the heart from unspecified parts. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the heart field and the arrival of cardiac neural crest to the heart region. The process ends when the structural rudiment is recognizable. 2
GO:0048932 myelination of posterior lateral line nerve axons The formation of compact myelin sheaths around the axons of the posterior lateral line nerve. 2
GO:0010094 specification of carpel identity The process in which a floral organ primordium acquires the carpel identity. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized. 2
GO:0060446 branching involved in open tracheal system development The process in which the anatomical structures of branches in the open tracheal system are generated and organized. 2
GO:0043587 tongue morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of the tongue are generated and organized. The tongue is the movable, muscular organ on the floor of the mouth of most vertebrates, in man other mammals is the principal organ of taste, aids in the prehension of food, in swallowing, and in modifying the voice as in speech. 2
GO:0001754 eye photoreceptor cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a photoreceptor cell, as found in the eye, the primary visual organ of most organisms. 2
GO:0048933 afferent axon development in posterior lateral line nerve The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an afferent axon in the posterior lateral line nerve over time from its formation to the mature structure. This process includes axonogenesis and pathfinding of the afferent axons in the posterior lateral line nerve. 2
GO:0010618 aerenchyma formation The process that gives rise to aerenchyma, parenchyma tissue containing particularly large intercellular spaces of schizogenous or lysigenous origin. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. 2
GO:0048701 embryonic cranial skeleton morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of the cranial skeleton are generated and organized during the embryonic phase. 2
GO:0048729 tissue morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of a tissue are generated and organized. 2
GO:0046549 retinal cone cell development Development of a cone cell, one of the sensory cells in the eye that reacts to the presence of light. Cone cells contain the photopigment iodopsin or cyanopsin and are responsible for photopic (daylight) vision. 2
GO:0048667 cell morphogenesis involved in neuron differentiation The process in which the structures of a neuron are generated and organized. This process occurs while the initially relatively unspecialized cell is acquiring the specialized features of a neuron. 2
GO:0048929 efferent axon development in posterior lateral line nerve The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an efferent axon in the posterior lateral line nerve over time from its formation to the mature structure. This process includes axonogenesis and pathfinding of the efferent axons in the posterior lateral line nerve. 2
GO:0030727 germarium-derived female germ-line cyst formation Formation, in a germarium, of a group of interconnected cells derived from a single female gonial founder cell (a cystoblast). The germarium is the most anterior portion of an insect ovariole. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster. 2
GO:0010927 cellular component assembly involved in morphogenesis The cellular component assembly that is part of the initial shaping of the component during its developmental progression. 2
GO:0008587 imaginal disc-derived wing margin morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of the imaginal disc-derived wing margin are generated and organized. The wing margin is a strip of cells in the third instar disc at the boundary between the presumptive dorsal and ventral surfaces of the wing blade. 2
GO:0010434 bract formation The process that gives rise to a bract. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. A bract is a leaf, usually different in form from the foliage leaves, subtending a flower or inflorescence. 2
GO:0035069 larval midgut histolysis The stage-specific break down of the larval midgut during Drosophila metamorphosis, to allow replacement of larval structures by tissues and structures that form the adult fly. 2
GO:0048644 muscle organ morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of muscle are generated and organized. 2
GO:0001675 acrosome assembly The formation of the acrosome from the spermatid Golgi. 2
GO:0010084 specification of organ axis polarity The process in which the polarity of an organ axis is specified. 2
GO:0060347 heart trabecula formation The process of creating a trabecula in the heart. A trabecula is a tissue element in the form of a small beam, strut or rod. 2
GO:0048707 instar larval or pupal morphogenesis The process, occurring during instar larval or pupal development, by which anatomical structures are generated and organized. 1
GO:0090171 chondrocyte morphogenesis The process in which the structures of a chondrocyte are generated and organized. This process occurs while the initially relatively unspecialized cell is acquiring the specialized features of a chondrocyte. 1
GO:0003143 embryonic heart tube morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of the embryonic heart tube are generated and organized. The embryonic heart tube is an epithelial tube that will give rise to the mature heart. 1
GO:0048858 cell projection morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of a cell projection are generated and organized. 1
GO:0060323 head morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of the head are generated and organized. The head is the anterior-most division of the body. 1
GO:0042474 middle ear morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of the middle ear are generated and organized. The middle ear is the air-filled cavity within the skull of vertebrates that lies between the outer ear and the inner ear. It is linked to the pharynx (and therefore to outside air) via the Eustachian tube and in mammals contains the three ear ossicles, which transmit auditory vibrations from the outer ear (via the tympanum) to the inner ear (via the oval window). 1
GO:0045465 R8 cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of the R8 photoreceptor. 1
GO:0000769 syncytium formation by mitosis without cytokinesis The formation of a syncytium, a mass of cytoplasm containing several nuclei enclosed within a single plasma membrane, by one or more rounds of nuclear division without cytokinesis. 1
GO:0030239 myofibril assembly Formation of myofibrils, the repeating units of striated muscle. 1
GO:0046667 compound eye retinal cell programmed cell death Programmed cell death that occurs in the retina to remove excess cells between ommatidia, thus resulting in a hexagonal lattice, precise with respect to cell number and position surrounding each ommatidium. 1
GO:0060350 endochondral bone morphogenesis The process in which bones are generated and organized as a result of the conversion of initial cartilaginous anlage into bone. 1
GO:0008586 imaginal disc-derived wing vein morphogenesis The process in which anatomical structures of the veins on an imaginal disc-derived wing are generated and organized. 1
GO:0003401 axis elongation The developmental growth that results in the elongation of a line that defines polarity or symmetry in an anatomical structure. 1
GO:0003211 cardiac ventricle formation The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a cardiac ventricle from unspecified parts. A cardiac ventricle receives blood from a cardiac atrium and pumps it out of the heart. 1
GO:0090421 embryonic meristem initiation Initiation of a region of tissue in a plant embryo that is composed of one or more undifferentiated cells capable of undergoing mitosis and differentiation. 1
GO:0001711 endodermal cell fate commitment The cell differentiation process that results in commitment of a cell to become part of the endoderm. 1
GO:0048705 skeletal system morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of the skeleton are generated and organized. 1
GO:0001841 neural tube formation The formation of a tube from the flat layer of ectodermal cells known as the neural plate. This will give rise to the central nervous system. 1
GO:0007436 larval salivary gland morphogenesis The process, occurring in the larva, by which the anatomical structures of the salivary gland are generated and organized. 1
GO:0001838 embryonic epithelial tube formation The morphogenesis of an embryonic epithelium into a tube-shaped structure. 1
GO:0010342 endosperm cellularization The separation of the multi-nucleate endosperm into individual cells. In many plant species, the endosperm that nurtures the embryo in the seed initially develops as a syncytium. This syncytial phase ends with simultaneous partitioning of the multi-nucleate cytoplasm into individual cells, a process referred to as cellularization. 1
GO:0010064 embryonic shoot morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of embryonic shoot are generated and organized. 1
GO:0007560 imaginal disc morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures derived from an imaginal disc are generated and organized. The imaginal discs are epithelial infoldings in the larvae of holometabolous insects that develop into adult appendages (legs, antennae, wings, etc.) during metamorphosis from larval to adult form. 1
GO:0060365 coronal suture morphogenesis The process in which the coronal suture is generated and organized. 1
GO:0021661 rhombomere 4 morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structure of rhombomere 4 is generated and organized. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in an anterior to posterior order. 1
GO:0042675 compound eye cone cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a compound eye cone cell, a cone-shaped cell, that focuses light in a compound eye. 1
GO:0035096 larval midgut cell programmed cell death The stage-specific programmed cell death of cells of the larval midgut, during histolysis of the larval organ. 1
GO:0016318 ommatidial rotation The process in which photoreceptors are arranged in ommatidia in the dorsal and ventral fields to be mirror images. The polarity is established in the imaginal discs concurrently with cell fate specification. 1
GO:0061042 vascular wound healing Blood vessel formation when new vessels emerge from the proliferation of pre-existing blood vessels and contribute to the series of events that restore integrity to damaged vasculature. 1
GO:0048526 imaginal disc-derived wing expansion The process of expanding or inflating the folded imaginal disc-derived pupal wing, and the adhering of the dorsal and ventral surfaces, to form the mature adult wing. 1
GO:0001707 mesoderm formation The process that gives rise to the mesoderm. This process pertains to the initial formation of the structure from unspecified parts. 1
GO:0075015 formation of infection structure on or near host The process in which a symbiont structure that serves to infect the host is formed on or near its host organism. It includes physiological, developmental, and morphological changes of the symbiont. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. 1
GO:0060317 cardiac epithelial to mesenchymal transition A transition where a cardiac epithelial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell. 1
GO:0048655 anther wall tapetum morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of the anther wall tapetum are generated and organized. The anther wall tapetum is a layer of cells that provides a source of nutrition for the pollen grains as they mature. 1