Go terms map to parent GO term: GO:0009790   embryo development
GOID
Link to GO
 Functional Category Description Protein Count
link to
protein list
GO:0009792 embryo development ending in birth or egg hatching The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an embryo over time, from zygote formation until the end of the embryonic life stage. The end of the embryonic life stage is organism-specific and may be somewhat arbitrary; for mammals it is usually considered to be birth, for insects the hatching of the first instar larva from the eggshell. 1896
GO:0009793 embryo development ending in seed dormancy The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the embryo over time, from zygote formation to the end of seed dormancy. An example of this process is found in Arabidopsis thaliana. 889
GO:0048825 cotyledon development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cotyledon over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cotyledon is the modified leaf (seed leaf), found as part of the embryo in plant seeds. It is involved in either storage or absorption of food reserves. Dicotyledonous seeds contain two cotyledons, while monocotyledonous seeds contain only one. The cotyledons may appear above ground and show photosynthetic activity in the seedling. 154
GO:0010072 primary shoot apical meristem specification The specification of the meristem which will give rise to all post-embryonic above-ground structures of the plant as well as the non-root below-ground structures, such as rhizomes and tubers. 135
GO:0009880 embryonic pattern specification The process that results in the patterns of cell differentiation that will arise in an embryo. 98
GO:0010067 procambium histogenesis The formation of the primary meristem or meristematic tissue that gives rise to the primary vascular tissue. 78
GO:0001701 in utero embryonic development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the embryo in the uterus over time, from formation of the zygote in the oviduct, to birth. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus. 77
GO:0001947 heart looping The tube morphogenesis process in which the primitive heart tube loops asymmetrically. This looping brings the primitive heart chambers into alignment preceding their future integration. Heart looping begins with dextral-looping and ends when the main regional divisions of the mature heart and primordium of the great arterial trunks become established preceeding septation. 73
GO:0040016 embryonic cleavage The first few specialized divisions of an activated animal egg. 68
GO:0046664 dorsal closure, amnioserosa morphology change The changes that occur during dorsal closure of the shape and structure of the amnioserosa, an epithelium that occupies the dorsal side of the embryo. 63
GO:0045451 pole plasm oskar mRNA localization Any process in which oskar mRNA is transported to, or maintained in, the oocyte pole plasm. 61
GO:0007394 dorsal closure, elongation of leading edge cells The change in shape of cells at the dorsal-most (leading) edge of the epidermis from being polygonal to being elongated in the dorsal/ventral axis. 59
GO:0001703 gastrulation with mouth forming first A gastrulation process in which the initial invagination becomes the mouth and the anus forms second. 53
GO:0030590 first cell cycle pseudocleavage A process that occurs during the first cell cycle in an embryo, in which anterior cortical contractions culminate in a single partial constriction of the embryo called the pseudocleavage furrow. An example of this process is found in nematode worms. 53
GO:0007369 gastrulation A complex and coordinated series of cellular movements that occurs at the end of cleavage during embryonic development of most animals. The details of gastrulation vary from species to species, but usually result in the formation of the three primary germ layers, ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm. 46
GO:0060136 embryonic process involved in female pregnancy A reproductive process occurring in the embryo or fetus that allows the embryo or fetus to develop within the mother. 45
GO:0030538 embryonic genitalia morphogenesis The process, occurring in the embryo, by which the anatomical structures of the genitalia are generated and organized. 42
GO:0048598 embryonic morphogenesis The process in which anatomical structures are generated and organized during the embryonic phase. The embryonic phase begins with zygote formation. The end of the embryonic phase is organism-specific. For example, it would be at birth for mammals, larval hatching for insects and seed dormancy in plants. 41
GO:0002072 optic cup morphogenesis involved in camera-type eye development The invagination of the optic vesicle to form two-walled indentations, the optic cups, that will go on to form the retina. This process begins with the optic vesicle becoming a two-walled structure and its subsequent shape changes. It does not include the fate commitment of cells to become the pigmented retina and the neural retina. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus. 39
GO:0045448 mitotic cell cycle, embryonic The eukaryotic cell cycle in which a cell is duplicated without changing ploidy, occurring in the embryo. 36
GO:0003146 heart jogging The morphogenetic process in which the heart cone is displaced to the left with respect to the vector of the anterior-posterior axis. 34
GO:0007367 segment polarity determination Division of the 14 parasegments of the embryo into anterior and posterior compartments; exemplified by the actions of the segment polarity gene products. 34
GO:0055113 epiboly involved in gastrulation with mouth forming second The expansion of one cell sheet over other cells involved in deuterostomic gastrulation. 33
GO:0021915 neural tube development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the neural tube over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mature structure of the neural tube exists when the tube has been segmented into the forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain and spinal cord regions. In addition neural crest has budded away from the epithelium. 32
GO:0035115 embryonic forelimb morphogenesis The process, occurring in the embryo, by which the anatomical structures of the forelimb are generated and organized. The forelimbs are the front limbs of an animal, e.g. the arms of a human. 32
GO:0048566 embryonic digestive tract development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the gut over time, from its formation to the mature structure during embryonic development. The gut is the region of the digestive tract extending from the beginning of the intestines to the anus. 32
GO:0060716 labyrinthine layer blood vessel development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a blood vessel of the labyrinthine layer of the placenta over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The embryonic vessels grow through the layer to come in close contact with the maternal blood supply. 32
GO:0001700 embryonic development via the syncytial blastoderm The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the embryo over time, from zygote formation through syncytial blastoderm to the hatching of the first instar larva. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster. 31
GO:0016331 morphogenesis of embryonic epithelium The process in which the anatomical structures of embryonic epithelia are generated and organized. 30
GO:0048703 embryonic viscerocranium morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of the viscerocranium are generated and organized during the embryonic phase. The viscerocranium is the part of the skull comprising the facial bones. 30
GO:0007391 dorsal closure The process during Drosophila embryogenesis whereby the ectodermal cells of the lateral epithelium stretch in a coordinated fashion to internalize the amnioserosa cells and close the embryo dorsally. 30
GO:0001756 somitogenesis The formation of mesodermal clusters that are arranged segmentally along the anterior posterior axis of an embryo. 29
GO:0008258 head involution Movement of the anterior ectoderm to the interior of the embryo. 28
GO:0010262 somatic embryogenesis Initiation of a somatic embryo-an embryo arising from previously differentiated somatic cells, rather than from fused haploid gametes. 28
GO:0048557 embryonic digestive tract morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of the digestive tract are generated and organized during embryonic development. The digestive tract is the anatomical structure through which food passes and is processed. 28
GO:0048615 embryonic anterior midgut (ectodermal) morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of the anterior midgut (ectodermal) are generated and organized, during the embryonic phase. 24
GO:0035050 embryonic heart tube development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the embryonic heart tube over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The heart tube forms as the heart rudiment from the heart field. 24
GO:0060059 embryonic retina morphogenesis in camera-type eye The process in which the anatomical structure of the retina is generated and organized in a camera-type eye during the embryonic life stage. 20
GO:0009942 longitudinal axis specification The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the longitudinal axis. In plants, this is the axis that runs from the shoot to the root. 19
GO:0001824 blastocyst development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the blastocyst over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mammalian blastocyst is a hollow ball of cells containing two cell types, the inner cell mass and the trophectoderm. 19
GO:0007352 zygotic specification of dorsal/ventral axis The specification of the dorsal/ventral axis of the embryo, through the products of genes expressed in the zygote. 18
GO:0048048 embryonic eye morphogenesis The process occurring in the embryo by which the anatomical structures of the post-embryonic eye are generated and organized. 17
GO:0090103 cochlea morphogenesis The process in which the cochlea is generated and organized. 17
GO:0002093 auditory receptor cell morphogenesis Any process that alters the size or shape of an auditory receptor cell. 17
GO:0007390 germ-band shortening The spreading of the amnioserosa from its compressed state to cover the whole of the dorsal surface. Initiating in the thorax and spreading posteriorly, it is accompanied by the transition from a parasegmental to segmental division of the embryo. 17
GO:0030903 notochord development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the notochord over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The notochord is a mesoderm-derived structure located ventral of the developing nerve cord. In vertebrates, the notochord serves as a core around which other mesodermal cells form the vertebrae. In the most primitive chordates, which lack vertebrae, the notochord persists as a substitute for a vertebral column. 16
GO:0001702 gastrulation with mouth forming second A gastrulation process in which the initial invagination becomes the anus and the mouth forms second. 16
GO:0043009 chordate embryonic development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the embryo over time, from zygote formation through a stage including a notochord and neural tube until birth or egg hatching. 16
GO:0080159 zygote elongation The process in which the zygote irreversibly increases in size in one dimension after fertilization. An example of such a process is found in Arabidopsis thaliana. 16
GO:0042733 embryonic digit morphogenesis The process, occurring in the embryo, by which the anatomical structures of the digit are generated and organized. A digit is one of the terminal divisions of an appendage, such as a finger or toe. 15
GO:0008595 anterior/posterior axis specification, embryo The specification of the anterior/posterior axis of the embryo by the products of genes expressed maternally and genes expressed in the zygote. 15
GO:0035099 hemocyte migration The directed movement of a hemocyte within the embryo. Hemocytes are blood cells associated with a hemocoel (the cavity containing most of the major organs of the arthropod body) which are involved in defense and clotting of hemolymph, but not involved in transport of oxygen. In Drosophila, embryonic hemocytes originate from the head mesoderm as a cluster of cells. The cluster splits into two and one group of cells crosses the amnioserosa. Both populations then spread toward the middle of the embryo and then disperse evenly throughout the embryo. 15
GO:0008078 mesodermal cell migration The orderly movement of mesodermal cells from one site to another. 15
GO:0007350 blastoderm segmentation The hierarchical steps resulting in the progressive subdivision of the anterior/posterior axis of the embryo. 14
GO:0030589 pseudocleavage involved in syncytial blastoderm formation Formation of furrows in the cytoplasm between nuclei during cell cycles in embryos that contribute to the formation of the syncytial blastoderm. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster. 13
GO:0048826 cotyledon morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of the cotyledon are generated and organized. The cotyledon is the modified leaf (seed leaf), found as part of the embryo in plant seeds. It is involved in either storage or absorption of food reserves. Dicotyledonous seeds contain two cotyledons, while monocotyledonous seeds contain only one. The cotyledons may appear above ground and show photosynthetic activity in the seedling. 12
GO:0035118 embryonic pectoral fin morphogenesis The process, occurring in the embryo, by which the anatomical structures of the pectoral fin are generated and organized. Pectoral fins are bilaterally paired fins mounted laterally and located behind the gill covers of fish. These fins are used for lateral mobility and propulsion. 11
GO:0071600 otic vesicle morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of the otic vesicle are generated and organized. The otic vesicle is a transient embryonic structure formed during development of the vertebrate inner ear. 11
GO:0007396 suture of dorsal opening Closure of the dorsal hole. Filopodia extending from each leading edge interdigitate at the dorsal midline and appear to prime the formation of adherens junctions between the two rows of leading edge cells. Newly formed septate junctions are also used to seal the dorsal hole. 11
GO:0021903 rostrocaudal neural tube patterning The process in which the neural tube is divided into specific regions along the rostrocaudal axis. 11
GO:0007395 dorsal closure, spreading of leading edge cells Dorsally-directed movement of a cell at the leading edge of the epithelium over the amnioserosa. 9
GO:0007374 posterior midgut invagination Formation of a cup-shaped invagination at the posterior end of the embryo, bringing the posterior midgut and hindgut primordia into the interior. 9
GO:0035298 regulation of Malpighian tubule size Ensuring that a Malpighian tubule is the correct length and diameter. 9
GO:0048508 embryonic meristem development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the embryonic meristem over time, from its formation to the mature structure. 9
GO:0060027 convergent extension involved in gastrulation The morphogenetic process in which an epithelium narrows along one axis and lengthens in a perpendicular axis usually resulting in the formation of the three primary germ layers, ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm. 9
GO:0007370 ventral furrow formation Formation of a ventral indentation (furrow) from the blastoderm epithelium, which is internalized to form a tube in the interior of the embryo, marking the start of gastrulation. 9
GO:0007377 germ-band extension Elongation of the germ band on the ventral side of the embryo, accompanied by a halving in width. The elongation process pushes the posterior midgut invagination closed and compresses the amnioserosa further. 9
GO:0046663 dorsal closure, leading edge cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a leading edge cell, the dorsal-most cells of the epidermis that migrates during dorsal closure. 9
GO:0010086 embryonic root morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of the embryonic root are generated and organized. 8
GO:0031076 embryonic camera-type eye development The process occurring during the embryonic phase whose specific outcome is the progression of the eye over time, from its formation to the mature structure. 7
GO:0042472 inner ear morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of the inner ear are generated and organized. The inner ear is the structure in vertebrates that contains the organs of balance and hearing. It consists of soft hollow sensory structures (the membranous labyrinth) containing fluid (endolymph) surrounded by fluid (perilymph) and encased in a bony cavity (the bony labyrinth). It consists of two chambers, the sacculus and utriculus, from which arise the cochlea and semicircular canals respectively. 7
GO:0019094 pole plasm mRNA localization Any process in which mRNA is transported to, or maintained in, the oocyte pole plasm. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster. 7
GO:0001829 trophectodermal cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a trophectoderm cell. 6
GO:0042074 cell migration involved in gastrulation The migration of individual cells within the blastocyst to help establish the multi-layered body plan of the organism (gastrulation). For example, the migration of cells from the surface to the interior of the embryo (ingression). 6
GO:0001843 neural tube closure The last step in the formation of the neural tube, where the paired neural folds are brought together and fuse at the dorsal midline. 6
GO:0060088 auditory receptor cell stereocilium organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a stereocilium. A stereocilium is an actin-based protrusion from the apical surface of auditory hair cells. 5
GO:0010172 embryonic body morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of the embryonic soma are generated and organized. 5
GO:0007509 mesoderm migration involved in gastrulation The migration of mesodermal cells during gastrulation to help establish the multilayered body plan of the organism. 4
GO:0000578 embryonic axis specification The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of a pattern along a line or a point in an embryo. 4
GO:0001833 inner cell mass cell proliferation The proliferation of cells in the inner cell mass. 4
GO:0035186 syncytial blastoderm mitotic cell cycle Mitotic division cycles 10 to 13 of the insect embryo. This is the second phase of the syncytial period where nuclei divide in a common cytoplasm without cytokinesis. The majority of migrating nuclei reach the embryo surface during cycle 10, after which they divide less synchronously than before, and the syncytial blastoderm cycles lengthen progressively. 4
GO:0035162 embryonic hemopoiesis The stages of blood cell formation that take place within the embryo. 3
GO:0007443 Malpighian tubule morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of the Malpighian tubule are generated and organized. This process takes place entirely during the embryonic phase. A Malpighian tubule is a fine, thin-walled excretory tubule in insects which leads into the posterior part of the gut. 3
GO:0035987 endodermal cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an endoderm cell, a cell of the inner of the three germ layers of the embryo. 3
GO:0045450 bicoid mRNA localization Any process in which bicoid mRNA is transported to and maintained within the oocyte as part of the specification of the anterior/posterior axis. 3
GO:0010071 root meristem specification The specification of a meristem which will give rise to a primary or lateral root. 3
GO:0030326 embryonic limb morphogenesis The process, occurring in the embryo, by which the anatomical structures of the limb are generated and organized. A limb is an appendage of an animal used for locomotion or grasping. 3
GO:0001831 trophectodermal cellular morphogenesis The morphogenesis of trophectoderm cells. 3
GO:0001826 inner cell mass cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an inner cell mass cell. 3
GO:0010069 zygote asymmetric cytokinesis in embryo sac The division of the zygote in a plane perpendicular to the long axis of the embryo sac to produce a larger basal cell near the micropyle and a small terminal cell close to what was the central cell and is now the developing endosperm. An example of this process is found in Arabidopsis thaliana. 3
GO:0048702 embryonic neurocranium morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of the neurocranium are generated and organized during the embryonic phase. The neurocranium is the portion of the vertebrate skull surrounding the brain. 3
GO:0060215 primitive hemopoiesis A first transient wave of blood cell production that, in vertebrates, gives rise to erythrocytes (red blood cells) and myeloid cells. 2
GO:0010068 protoderm histogenesis The formation of the primary meristem or meristematic tissue that gives rise to the epidermis. 2
GO:0007314 oocyte anterior/posterior axis specification Polarization of the oocyte along its anterior-posterior axis. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster. 2
GO:0048701 embryonic cranial skeleton morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of the cranial skeleton are generated and organized during the embryonic phase. 2
GO:0007318 pole plasm protein localization Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, the oocyte pole plasm. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster. 1
GO:0003143 embryonic heart tube morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of the embryonic heart tube are generated and organized. The embryonic heart tube is an epithelial tube that will give rise to the mature heart. 1
GO:0046594 maintenance of pole plasm mRNA location The process of maintaining mRNA in a specific location in the oocyte pole plasm. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster. 1
GO:0042474 middle ear morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of the middle ear are generated and organized. The middle ear is the air-filled cavity within the skull of vertebrates that lies between the outer ear and the inner ear. It is linked to the pharynx (and therefore to outside air) via the Eustachian tube and in mammals contains the three ear ossicles, which transmit auditory vibrations from the outer ear (via the tympanum) to the inner ear (via the oval window). 1
GO:0001711 endodermal cell fate commitment The cell differentiation process that results in commitment of a cell to become part of the endoderm. 1
GO:0001841 neural tube formation The formation of a tube from the flat layer of ectodermal cells known as the neural plate. This will give rise to the central nervous system. 1
GO:0001838 embryonic epithelial tube formation The morphogenesis of an embryonic epithelium into a tube-shaped structure. 1
GO:0010064 embryonic shoot morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of embryonic shoot are generated and organized. 1
GO:0046595 establishment of pole plasm mRNA localization Any process that results in the directed movement of mRNA to the oocyte pole plasm. 1
GO:0060706 cell differentiation involved in embryonic placenta development The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of the embryonic placenta. 1
GO:0001707 mesoderm formation The process that gives rise to the mesoderm. This process pertains to the initial formation of the structure from unspecified parts. 1