Go terms map to parent GO term: GO:0009987   other cellular process
GOID
Link to GO
 Functional Category Description Protein Count
link to
protein list
GO:0044763 single-organism cellular process Any process that is carried out at the cellular level, occurring within a single organism. 890
GO:0006612 protein targeting to membrane The process of directing proteins towards a membrane, usually using signals contained within the protein. 831
GO:0007030 Golgi organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the Golgi apparatus. 803
GO:0006944 cellular membrane fusion The cellular process that joins two lipid bilayers to form a single membrane. 571
GO:0006888 ER to Golgi vesicle-mediated transport The directed movement of substances from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the Golgi, mediated by COP II vesicles. Small COP II coated vesicles form from the ER and then fuse directly with the cis-Golgi. Larger structures are transported along microtubules to the cis-Golgi. 537
GO:0019288 isopentenyl diphosphate biosynthetic process, mevalonate-independent pathway The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of isopentenyl diphosphate by the mevalonate-independent pathway. Isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) is the fundamental unit in isoprenoid biosynthesis and is biosynthesized from pyruvate and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate via intermediates, including 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate. 530
GO:0019344 cysteine biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cysteine, 2-amino-3-mercaptopropanoic acid. 526
GO:0009697 salicylic acid biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of salicylic acid (2-hydroxybenzoic acid), a derivative of benzoic acid. 517
GO:0042181 ketone biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ketones, a class of organic compounds that contain the carbonyl group, CO, and in which the carbonyl group is bonded only to carbon atoms. The general formula for a ketone is RCOR, where R and R are alkyl or aryl groups. 497
GO:0009407 toxin catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of toxin, a poisonous compound (typically a protein) that is produced by cells or organisms and that can cause disease when introduced into the body or tissues of an organism. 484
GO:0006635 fatty acid beta-oxidation A fatty acid oxidation process that results in the complete oxidation of a long-chain fatty acid. Fatty acid beta-oxidation begins with the addition of coenzyme A to a fatty acid, and occurs by successive cycles of reactions during each of which the fatty acid is shortened by a two-carbon fragment removed as acetyl coenzyme A; the cycle continues until only two or three carbons remain (as acetyl-CoA or propionyl-CoA respectively). 465
GO:0055085 transmembrane transport The process in which a solute is transported from one side of a membrane to the other. 417
GO:0009853 photorespiration A light-dependent catabolic process occurring concomitantly with photosynthesis in plants (especially C3 plants) whereby dioxygen (O2) is consumed and carbon dioxide (CO2) is evolved. The substrate is glycolate formed in large quantities in chloroplasts from 2-phosphoglycolate generated from ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate by the action of ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase; the glycolate enters the peroxisomes where it is converted by glycolate oxidase to glyoxylate which undergoes transamination to glycine. This then passes into the mitochondria where it is decarboxylated forming one molecule of serine for every two molecules of glycine. This pathway also exists in photosynthetic bacteria. 413
GO:0033554 cellular response to stress Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress. The stress is usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation). 404
GO:0019761 glucosinolate biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucosinolates, substituted thioglucosides found in rapeseed products and related cruciferae. 396
GO:0019252 starch biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of starch, the most important reserve polysaccharide in plants. 386
GO:0006511 ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds, initiated by the covalent attachment of a ubiquitin group, or multiple ubiquitin groups, to the protein. 383
GO:0006457 protein folding The process of assisting in the covalent and noncovalent assembly of single chain polypeptides or multisubunit complexes into the correct tertiary structure. 372
GO:0048193 Golgi vesicle transport The directed movement of substances into, out of or within the Golgi apparatus, mediated by vesicles. 372
GO:0006623 protein targeting to vacuole The process of directing proteins towards the vacuole, usually using signals contained within the protein. 366
GO:0009699 phenylpropanoid biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of aromatic derivatives of trans-cinnamic acid. 364
GO:0009827 plant-type cell wall modification The series of events leading to chemical and structural alterations of an existing cellulose and pectin-containing cell wall that can result in loosening, increased extensibility or disassembly. An example of this is found in Arabidopsis thaliana. 362
GO:0034976 response to endoplasmic reticulum stress Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. ER stress usually results from the accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins in the ER lumen. 357
GO:0071456 cellular response to hypoxia Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating lowered oxygen tension. Hypoxia, defined as a decline in O2 levels below normoxic levels of 20.8 - 20.95%, results in metabolic adaptation at both the cellular and organismal level. 355
GO:0010027 thylakoid membrane organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the thylakoid membrane. 354
GO:0035690 cellular response to drug Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a drug stimulus. A drug is a substance used in the diagnosis, treatment or prevention of a disease. 352
GO:0010413 glucuronoxylan metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving xylan, a polymer containing a beta-(1->4)-linked D-xylose backbone decorated with glucuronic acid side units. 350
GO:0045492 xylan biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of xylan, a polymer containing a beta-1,4-linked D-xylose backbone. 350
GO:0030154 cell differentiation The process in which relatively unspecialized cells, e.g. embryonic or regenerative cells, acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells, tissues, or organs of the mature organism or some other relatively stable phase of the organism's life history. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate and its subsequent development to the mature state. 343
GO:0018130 heterocycle biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of heterocyclic compounds, those with a cyclic molecular structure and at least two different atoms in the ring (or rings). 332
GO:0000023 maltose metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving the disaccharide maltose (4-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-D-glucopyranose), an intermediate in the catabolism of glycogen and starch. 325
GO:0009695 jasmonic acid biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of jasmonic acid, a fatty acid derivative. 321
GO:0009309 amine biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any organic compound that is weakly basic in character and contains an amino or a substituted amino group. Amines are called primary, secondary, or tertiary according to whether one, two, or three carbon atoms are attached to the nitrogen atom. 305
GO:0009832 plant-type cell wall biogenesis A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a cellulose and pectin-containing cell wall. An example of this is found in Arabidopsis thaliana. 293
GO:0007155 cell adhesion The attachment of a cell, either to another cell or to an underlying substrate such as the extracellular matrix, via cell adhesion molecules. 289
GO:0006614 SRP-dependent cotranslational protein targeting to membrane The targeting of proteins to a membrane that occurs during translation and is dependent upon two key components, the signal-recognition particle (SRP) and the SRP receptor. SRP is a cytosolic particle that transiently binds to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) signal sequence in a nascent protein, to the large ribosomal unit, and to the SRP receptor in the ER membrane. 277
GO:0071555 cell wall organization A process that results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the cell wall, the rigid or semi-rigid envelope lying outside the cell membrane of plant, fungal and most prokaryotic cells, maintaining their shape and protecting them from osmotic lysis. 276
GO:0051716 cellular response to stimulus Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus. The process begins with detection of the stimulus by a cell and ends with a change in state or activity or the cell. 272
GO:0015995 chlorophyll biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of chlorophyll, any compound of magnesium complexed in a porphyrin (tetrapyrrole) ring and which functions as a photosynthetic pigment, from less complex precursors. 271
GO:0009684 indoleacetic acid biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of indole-3-acetic acid, a compound which functions as a growth regulator in plants. 269
GO:0034605 cellular response to heat Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a heat stimulus, a temperature stimulus above the optimal temperature for that organism. 269
GO:0006974 response to DNA damage stimulus Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating damage to its DNA from environmental insults or errors during metabolism. 267
GO:0042744 hydrogen peroxide catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). 264
GO:0019375 galactolipid biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of galactolipids, any glycolipid containing one of more residues of galactose and/or N-acetylgalactosamine. 263
GO:0043161 proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds, initiated by the covalent attachment of ubiquitin, and mediated by the proteasome. 262
GO:0009658 chloroplast organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the chloroplast. 260
GO:0006636 unsaturated fatty acid biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an unsaturated fatty acid, any fatty acid containing one or more double bonds between carbon atoms. 254
GO:0009664 plant-type cell wall organization A process that results in the assembly and arrangement of constituent parts of the cellulose and pectin-containing cell wall, or in the disassembly of the cellulose and pectin-containing cell wall. This process is carried out at the cellular level. An example of this process is found in Arabidopsis thaliana. 253
GO:0006633 fatty acid biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a fatty acid, any of the aliphatic monocarboxylic acids that can be liberated by hydrolysis from naturally occurring fats and oils. Fatty acids are predominantly straight-chain acids of 4 to 24 carbon atoms, which may be saturated or unsaturated; branched fatty acids and hydroxy fatty acids also occur, and very long chain acids of over 30 carbons are found in waxes. 253
GO:0010498 proteasomal protein catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds that is mediated by the proteasome. 250
GO:0016477 cell migration The orderly movement of a cell from one site to another, often during the development of a multicellular organism or multicellular structure. 246
GO:0071281 cellular response to iron ion Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an iron ion stimulus. 246
GO:0006911 phagocytosis, engulfment The internalization of bacteria, immune complexes and other particulate matter or of an apoptotic cell by phagocytosis, including the membrane and cytoskeletal processes required, which involves one of three mechanisms: zippering of pseudopods around a target via repeated receptor-ligand interactions, sinking of the target directly into plasma membrane of the phagocytosing cell, or induced uptake via an enhanced membrane ruffling of the phagocytosing cell similar to macropinocytosis. 244
GO:0000226 microtubule cytoskeleton organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising microtubules and their associated proteins. 242
GO:0006412 translation The cellular metabolic process in which a protein is formed, using the sequence of a mature mRNA molecule to specify the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain. Translation is mediated by the ribosome, and begins with the formation of a ternary complex between aminoacylated initiator methionine tRNA, GTP, and initiation factor 2, which subsequently associates with the small subunit of the ribosome and an mRNA. Translation ends with the release of a polypeptide chain from the ribosome. 237
GO:0007010 cytoskeleton organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures. 234
GO:0016049 cell growth The process in which a cell irreversibly increases in size over time by accretion and biosynthetic production of matter similar to that already present. 233
GO:0009086 methionine biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of methionine (2-amino-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid), a sulfur-containing, essential amino acid found in peptide linkage in proteins. 232
GO:0044249 cellular biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances, carried out by individual cells. 229
GO:0016117 carotenoid biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of carotenoids, tetraterpenoid compounds in which two units of 4 isoprenoid residues joined head-to-tail are themselves joined tail-to-tail. 227
GO:0051301 cell division The process resulting in the physical partitioning and separation of a cell into daughter cells. 226
GO:0006626 protein targeting to mitochondrion The process of directing proteins towards and into the mitochondrion, usually mediated by mitochondrial proteins that recognize signals contained within the imported protein. 221
GO:0071732 cellular response to nitric oxide Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nitric oxide stimulus. 221
GO:0044237 cellular metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways by which individual cells transform chemical substances. 219
GO:0030244 cellulose biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cellulose, a linear beta1-4 glucan of molecular mass 50-400 kDa with the pyranose units in the -4C1 conformation. 219
GO:0016032 viral reproduction The process in which a virus reproduces. Usually, this is by infection of a host cell, replication of the viral genome, and assembly of progeny virus particles. In some cases the viral genetic material may integrate into the host genome and only subsequently, under particular circumstances, 'complete' its life cycle. 217
GO:0009809 lignin biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lignins, a class of polymers formed by the dehydrogenetive radical polymerization of various phenylpropanoid monomers. 217
GO:0016558 protein import into peroxisome matrix The import of proteins into the peroxisomal matrix. A peroxisome targeting signal (PTS) binds to a soluble receptor protein in the cytosol, and the resulting complex then binds to a receptor protein in the peroxisome membrane and is imported. The cargo protein is then released into the peroxisome matrix. 214
GO:0031145 anaphase-promoting complex-dependent proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds, initiated by the covalent attachment of ubiquitin, with ubiquitin-protein ligation catalyzed by the anaphase-promoting complex, and mediated by the proteasome. 213
GO:0009902 chloroplast relocation The process in which chloroplasts in photosynthetic cells migrate toward illuminated sites to optimize photosynthesis and move away from excessively illuminated areas to protect the photosynthetic machinery. 212
GO:0006084 acetyl-CoA metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving acetyl-CoA, a derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is acetylated; it is a metabolite derived from several pathways (e.g. glycolysis, fatty acid oxidation, amino-acid catabolism) and is further metabolized by the tricarboxylic acid cycle. It is a key intermediate in lipid and terpenoid biosynthesis. 212
GO:0016246 RNA interference The process in which double-stranded RNAs silence cognate genes. Involves posttranscriptional gene inactivation ('silencing') both of transgenes or dsRNA introduced into a germline, and of the host gene(s) homologous to the transgenes or dsRNA. This silencing is triggered by the introduction of transgenes or double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), and can occur through a specific decrease in the level of mRNA, or by negative regulation of translation, of both host genes and transgenes. 211
GO:0032869 cellular response to insulin stimulus Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an insulin stimulus. Insulin is a polypeptide hormone produced by the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas in mammals, and by the homologous organs of other organisms. 205
GO:0009693 ethylene biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ethylene (C2-H4, ethene), a simple hydrocarbon gas that can function in plants as a growth regulator. 203
GO:0030168 platelet activation A series of progressive, overlapping events triggered by exposure of the platelets to subendothelial tissue. These events include shape change, adhesiveness, aggregation, and release reactions. When carried through to completion, these events lead to the formation of a stable hemostatic plug. 200
GO:0034599 cellular response to oxidative stress Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of oxidative stress, a state often resulting from exposure to high levels of reactive oxygen species, e.g. superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radicals. 198
GO:0050665 hydrogen peroxide biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), a potentially harmful byproduct of aerobic cellular respiration which can cause damage to DNA. 196
GO:0007033 vacuole organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a vacuole. 194
GO:0009698 phenylpropanoid metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving aromatic derivatives of trans-cinnamic acid. 194
GO:0052544 defense response by callose deposition in cell wall Any process in which callose is transported to, and/or maintained in, the cell wall during the defense response. Callose is a linear 1,3-beta-d-glucan formed from UDP-glucose and is found in certain plant cell walls. 194
GO:0071276 cellular response to cadmium ion Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cadmium (Cd) ion stimulus. 193
GO:0006886 intracellular protein transport The directed movement of proteins in a cell, including the movement of proteins between specific compartments or structures within a cell, such as organelles of a eukaryotic cell. 193
GO:0009306 protein secretion The controlled release of proteins from a cell. 188
GO:0006996 organelle organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an organelle within a cell. An organelle is an organized structure of distinctive morphology and function. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton. Excludes the plasma membrane. 188
GO:0070887 cellular response to chemical stimulus Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chemical stimulus. 188
GO:0006342 chromatin silencing Repression of transcription by altering the structure of chromatin, e.g. by conversion of large regions of DNA into an inaccessible state often called heterochromatin. 188
GO:0071310 cellular response to organic substance Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an organic substance stimulus. 188
GO:0006891 intra-Golgi vesicle-mediated transport The directed movement of substances within the Golgi, mediated by small transport vesicles. These either fuse with the cis-Golgi or with each other to form the membrane stacks known as the cis-Golgi reticulum (network). 185
GO:0009805 coumarin biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of coumarins, a class of compounds derived from the phenylacrylic skeleton of cinnamic acids. 181
GO:0040039 inductive cell migration Migration of a cell in a multicellular organism that, having changed its location, is required to induce normal properties in one or more cells at its new location. An example of this would be the distal tip cells of Caenorhabditis elegans. 180
GO:0046189 phenol-containing compound biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a phenol, any compound containing one or more hydroxyl groups directly attached to an aromatic carbon ring. 180
GO:0000902 cell morphogenesis The developmental process in which the size or shape of a cell is generated and organized. 177
GO:0071369 cellular response to ethylene stimulus Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ethylene (ethene) stimulus. 173
GO:0007020 microtubule nucleation The 'de novo' formation of a microtubule, in which tubulin heterodimers form metastable oligomeric aggregates, some of which go on to support formation of a complete microtubule. Microtubule nucleation usually occurs from a specific site within a cell. 173
GO:0019243 methylglyoxal catabolic process to D-lactate The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of methylglyoxal, CH3-CO-CHO, into D-lactate via the intermediate S-lactoyl-glutathione. Glutathione is used in the first step of the pathway and then regenerated in the second step. 173
GO:0045010 actin nucleation The initial step in the formation of an actin filament, in which actin monomers combine to form a new filament. Nucleation is slow relative to the subsequent addition of more monomers to extend the filament. 171
GO:0008361 regulation of cell size Any process that modulates the size of a cell. 171
GO:0008219 cell death Any biological process that results in permanent cessation of all vital functions of a cell. A cell should be considered dead when any one of the following molecular or morphological criteria is met: (1) the cell has lost the integrity of its plasma membrane; (2) the cell, including its nucleus, has undergone complete fragmentation into discrete bodies (frequently referred to as "apoptotic bodies"); and/or (3) its corpse (or its fragments) have been engulfed by an adjacent cell in vivo. 169
GO:0071470 cellular response to osmotic stress Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating an increase or decrease in the concentration of solutes outside the organism or cell. 169
GO:0006569 tryptophan catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of tryptophan, the chiral amino acid 2-amino-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoic acid. 167
GO:0006855 drug transmembrane transport The process in which a drug is transported from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. 166
GO:0034641 cellular nitrogen compound metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving various organic and inorganic nitrogenous compounds, as carried out by individual cells. 165
GO:0043652 engulfment of apoptotic cell The removal of the apoptotic cell by phagocytosis, by a neighboring cell or by a phagocyte. 164
GO:0006598 polyamine catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of polyamines, any organic compound containing two or more amino groups. 164
GO:0071216 cellular response to biotic stimulus Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a biotic stimulus, a stimulus caused or produced by a living organism. 160
GO:0042026 protein refolding The process carried out by a cell that restores the biological activity of an unfolded or misfolded protein, using helper proteins such as chaperones. 158
GO:0007015 actin filament organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising actin filaments. Includes processes that control the spatial distribution of actin filaments, such as organizing filaments into meshworks, bundles, or other structures, as by cross-linking. 156
GO:0030048 actin filament-based movement Movement of organelles or other particles along actin filaments, or sliding of actin filaments past each other, mediated by motor proteins. 155
GO:0006913 nucleocytoplasmic transport The directed movement of molecules between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. 155
GO:0006805 xenobiotic metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving a xenobiotic compound, a compound foreign to living organisms. Used of chemical compounds, e.g. a xenobiotic chemical, such as a pesticide. 154
GO:0019048 virus-host interaction Interactions, directly with the host cell macromolecular machinery, to allow virus replication. 154
GO:0006655 phosphatidylglycerol biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phosphatidylglycerols, any of a class of phospholipids in which the phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxyl group of glycerol. 153
GO:0042545 cell wall modification The series of events leading to chemical and structural alterations of an existing cell wall that can result in loosening, increased extensibility or disassembly. 153
GO:0006661 phosphatidylinositol biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phosphatidylinositol, any glycophospholipid in which the sn-glycerol 3-phosphate residue is esterified to the 1-hydroxyl group of 1D-myo-inositol. 152
GO:0009686 gibberellin biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of gibberellin. Gibberellins are a class of highly modified terpenes that function as plant growth regulators. 150
GO:0071472 cellular response to salt stress Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating an increase or decrease in the concentration of salt (particularly but not exclusively sodium and chloride ions) in the environment. 148
GO:1901701 cellular response to oxygen-containing compound Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an oxygen-containing compound stimulus. 146
GO:0007154 cell communication Any process that mediates interactions between a cell and its surroundings. Encompasses interactions such as signaling or attachment between one cell and another cell, between a cell and an extracellular matrix, or between a cell and any other aspect of its environment. 146
GO:0006606 protein import into nucleus The directed movement of a protein from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. 145
GO:0006546 glycine catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycine, aminoethanoic acid. 144
GO:0070301 cellular response to hydrogen peroxide Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) stimulus. 144
GO:0045487 gibberellin catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of gibberellin. Gibberellins are a class of highly modified terpenes that function as plant growth regulators. 144
GO:0009073 aromatic amino acid family biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of aromatic amino acid family, amino acids with aromatic ring (phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan). 143
GO:0010118 stomatal movement The process of opening or closing of stomata, which is directly related to the stomatal conductance (measuring rate of passage of either water vapor or carbon dioxide (CO2) through stomata). 142
GO:0007059 chromosome segregation The process in which genetic material, in the form of chromosomes, is organized into specific structures and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets. In eukaryotes, chromosome segregation begins with the alignment of chromosomes at the metaphase plate, includes chromosome separation, and ends when chromosomes have completed movement to the spindle poles. 142
GO:0009106 lipoate metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving lipoate, 1,2-dithiolane-3-pentanoate, the anion derived from lipoic acid. 142
GO:0031505 fungal-type cell wall organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the fungal-type cell wall. 140
GO:0042574 retinal metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving retinal, a compound that plays an important role in the visual process in most vertebrates. In the retina, retinal combines with opsins to form visual pigments. Retinal is one of the forms of vitamin A. 138
GO:0016099 monoterpenoid biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of monoterpenoid compounds, terpenoids having a C10 skeleton. 138
GO:0030866 cortical actin cytoskeleton organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of actin-based cytoskeletal structures in the cell cortex, i.e. just beneath the plasma membrane. 138
GO:0015996 chlorophyll catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of chlorophyll, any compound of magnesium complexed in a porphyrin (tetrapyrrole) ring and which functions as a photosynthetic pigment, into less complex products. 138
GO:0042398 cellular modified amino acid biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of compounds derived from amino acids, organic acids containing one or more amino substituents. 137
GO:0006338 chromatin remodeling Dynamic structural changes to eukaryotic chromatin occurring throughout the cell division cycle. These changes range from the local changes necessary for transcriptional regulation to global changes necessary for chromosome segregation. 137
GO:0006725 cellular aromatic compound metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving aromatic compounds, any organic compound characterized by one or more planar rings, each of which contains conjugated double bonds and delocalized pi electrons, as carried out by individual cells. 135
GO:0042178 xenobiotic catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a xenobiotic compound, a compound foreign to living organisms. Used of chemical compounds, e.g. a xenobiotic chemical, such as a pesticide. 134
GO:0006346 methylation-dependent chromatin silencing Repression of transcription by methylation of DNA, leading to the formation of heterochromatin. 133
GO:0046482 para-aminobenzoic acid metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving para-aminobenzoic acid, an intermediate in the synthesis of folic acid, a compound which some organisms, e.g. prokaryotes, eukaryotic microbes, and plants, can synthesize de novo. Others, notably mammals, cannot. In yeast, it is present as a factor in the B complex of vitamins. 131
GO:0009834 secondary cell wall biogenesis A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of inextensible cellulose- and pectin-containing cell walls that are formed between the plasma membrane and primary cell wall after cell expansion is complete. An example of this is found in Arabidopsis thaliana. 131
GO:0009108 coenzyme biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of coenzymes, any of various nonprotein organic cofactors that are required, in addition to an enzyme and a substrate, for an enzymatic reaction to proceed. 131
GO:0006406 mRNA export from nucleus The directed movement of mRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. 130
GO:0006749 glutathione metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving glutathione, the tripeptide glutamylcysteinylglycine, which acts as a coenzyme for some enzymes and as an antioxidant in the protection of sulfhydryl groups in enzymes and other proteins; it has a specific role in the reduction of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and oxidized ascorbate, and it participates in the gamma-glutamyl cycle. 130
GO:0010264 myo-inositol hexakisphosphate biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phytic acid, myo-inositol hexakisphosphate, a regulator of intracellular signaling, a highly abundant animal anti-nutrient and a phosphate and mineral storage compound in plant seeds. 129
GO:0030433 ER-associated protein catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of proteins transported from the endoplasmic reticulum and targeted to cytoplasmic proteasomes for degradation. This process acts on misfolded proteins as well as in the regulated degradation of correctly folded proteins. 128
GO:0000038 very long-chain fatty acid metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving a fatty acid which has a chain length greater than C22. 126
GO:0044036 cell wall macromolecule metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules forming, or destined to form, part of the cell wall. A cell wall is a rigid or semi-rigid envelope lying outside the cell membrane of plant, fungal and most prokaryotic cells, maintaining their shape and protecting them from osmotic lysis. 126
GO:0072593 reactive oxygen species metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving a reactive oxygen species, any molecules or ions formed by the incomplete one-electron reduction of oxygen. They contribute to the microbicidal activity of phagocytes, regulation of signal transduction and gene expression, and the oxidative damage to biopolymers. 125
GO:0042180 cellular ketone metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving any of a class of organic compounds that contain the carbonyl group, CO, and in which the carbonyl group is bonded only to carbon atoms, as carried out by individual cells. The general formula for a ketone is RCOR, where R and R are alkyl or aryl groups. 125
GO:0031048 chromatin silencing by small RNA Repression of transcription by conversion of large regions of DNA into heterochromatin, directed by small RNAs sharing sequence identity to the repressed region. 124
GO:0008652 cellular amino acid biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of amino acids, organic acids containing one or more amino substituents. 124
GO:0071398 cellular response to fatty acid Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a fatty acid stimulus. 123
GO:0044260 cellular macromolecule metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass, as carried out by individual cells. 121
GO:0043622 cortical microtubule organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of structures formed of microtubules and associated proteins in the cell cortex, i.e. just beneath the plasma membrane of a cell. 121
GO:0016102 diterpenoid biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of diterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with four isoprene units. 120
GO:0046483 heterocycle metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving heterocyclic compounds, those with a cyclic molecular structure and at least two different atoms in the ring (or rings). 119
GO:0015979 photosynthesis The synthesis by organisms of organic chemical compounds, especially carbohydrates, from carbon dioxide (CO2) using energy obtained from light rather than from the oxidation of chemical compounds. 119
GO:0071346 cellular response to interferon-gamma Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interferon-gamma stimulus. Interferon-gamma is also known as type II interferon. 118
GO:0009717 isoflavonoid biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of isoflavonoids, a group of water-soluble phenolic derivatives, isomeric with flavonoids. 117
GO:0009821 alkaloid biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of alkaloids, nitrogen-containing natural products which are not otherwise classified as nonprotein amino acids, amines, peptides, amines, cyanogenic glycosides, glucosinolates, cofactors, phytohormones, or primary metabolite (such as purine or pyrimidine bases). 116
GO:0009759 indole glucosinolate biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of indole glucosinolates, sulfur-containing compounds that have a common structure linked to an R group derived from tryptophan. 116
GO:0043001 Golgi to plasma membrane protein transport The directed movement of proteins from the Golgi to the plasma membrane in transport vesicles that move from the trans-Golgi network to the plasma membrane. 116
GO:0016098 monoterpenoid metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving monoterpenoid compounds, terpenoids having a C10 skeleton. 115
GO:0009804 coumarin metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving coumarins, compounds derived from the phenylacrylic skeleton of cinnamic acids. 114
GO:0044255 cellular lipid metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving lipids, as carried out by individual cells. 114
GO:0016310 phosphorylation The process of introducing a phosphate group into a molecule, usually with the formation of a phosphoric ester, a phosphoric anhydride or a phosphoric amide. 113
GO:0042904 9-cis-retinoic acid biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 9-cis-retinoic acid, a metabolically active vitamin A derivative. 113
GO:0006631 fatty acid metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving fatty acids, aliphatic monocarboxylic acids liberated from naturally occurring fats and oils by hydrolysis. 113
GO:0000060 protein import into nucleus, translocation A protein transport process that contributes to protein import into the nucleus, and that results in the vectorial transfer of a cargo-carrier protein complex through the nuclear pore complex from the cytoplasmic side to the nucleoplasmic side of the nuclear envelope. 113
GO:0051792 medium-chain fatty acid biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any fatty acid with a chain length of between C6 and C12. 112
GO:0002576 platelet degranulation The regulated exocytosis of secretory granules containing preformed mediators such as histamine and serotonin by a platelet. 112
GO:0061418 regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to hypoxia Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as a result of a hypoxia stimulus. 112
GO:0071260 cellular response to mechanical stimulus Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a mechanical stimulus. 111
GO:0034644 cellular response to UV Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ultraviolet radiation (UV light) stimulus. Ultraviolet radiation is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength in the range of 10 to 380 nanometers. 110
GO:0034613 cellular protein localization Any process in which a protein is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location at the level of a cell. Localization at the cellular level encompasses movement within the cell, from within the cell to the cell surface, or from one location to another at the surface of a cell. 110
GO:0010584 pollen exine formation The formation of the pollen exine. The reticulate pollen wall pattern consists of two layers, exine and intine. 110
GO:0016197 endosomal transport The directed movement of substances into, out of or mediated by an endosome, a membrane-bounded organelle that carries materials newly ingested by endocytosis. It passes many of the materials to lysosomes for degradation. 109
GO:0019395 fatty acid oxidation The removal of one or more electrons from a fatty acid, with or without the concomitant removal of a proton or protons, by reaction with an electron-accepting substance, by addition of oxygen or by removal of hydrogen. 108
GO:0042343 indole glucosinolate metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of indole glucosinolates. Glucosinolates are sulfur-containing compounds that have a common structure linked to an R group derived from tryptophan; indoles are biologically active substances based on 2,3-benzopyrrole, formed during the catabolism of tryptophan. 108
GO:0032456 endocytic recycling The directed movement of membrane-bounded vesicles from recycling endosomes back to the plasma membrane where they are recycled for further rounds of transport. 107
GO:0010304 PSII associated light-harvesting complex II catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of one or more components of the light-harvesting complex of photosystem II. 106
GO:0010023 proanthocyanidin biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of proanthocyanidin. 106
GO:0042384 cilium assembly The assembly of a cilium, a specialized eukaryotic organelle that consists of a filiform extrusion of the cell surface. Each cilium is bounded by an extrusion of the cytoplasmic membrane, and contains a regular longitudinal array of microtubules, anchored basally in a centriole. 105
GO:0070417 cellular response to cold Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cold stimulus, a temperature stimulus below the optimal temperature for that organism. 104
GO:0006611 protein export from nucleus The directed movement of a protein from the nucleus into the cytoplasm. 103
GO:0071243 cellular response to arsenic-containing substance Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an arsenic stimulus from compounds containing arsenic, including arsenates, arsenites, and arsenides. 103
GO:0006904 vesicle docking involved in exocytosis The initial attachment of a vesicle membrane to a target membrane, mediated by proteins protruding from the membrane of the vesicle and the target membrane, that contributes to exocytosis. 102
GO:0031408 oxylipin biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any oxylipin, any of a group of biologically active compounds formed by oxidative metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids. 102
GO:0042572 retinol metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving retinol, one of the three compounds that makes up vitamin A. 102
GO:0000096 sulfur amino acid metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving amino acids containing sulfur, comprising cysteine, homocysteine, methionine and selenocysteine. 102
GO:0006890 retrograde vesicle-mediated transport, Golgi to ER The directed movement of substances from the Golgi back to the endoplasmic reticulum, mediated by vesicles bearing specific protein coats such as COPI or COG. 102
GO:0030036 actin cytoskeleton organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising actin filaments and their associated proteins. 102
GO:0044248 cellular catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances, carried out by individual cells. 102
GO:0009072 aromatic amino acid family metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving aromatic amino acid family, amino acids with aromatic ring (phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan). 102
GO:0010208 pollen wall assembly The formation of reticulate pollen wall pattern consisting of two layers, exine and intine. 101
GO:0034614 cellular response to reactive oxygen species Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a reactive oxygen species stimulus. Reactive oxygen species include singlet oxygen, superoxide, and oxygen free radicals. 100
GO:0052546 cell wall pectin metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving pectin, a polymer containing a backbone of alpha-1,4-linked D-galacturonic acid residues, as part of the organization and biogenesis of the cell wall. 100
GO:0046394 carboxylic acid biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of carboxylic acids, any organic acid containing one or more carboxyl (-COOH) groups. 99
GO:0044272 sulfur compound biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of compounds that contain sulfur, such as the amino acids methionine and cysteine or the tripeptide glutathione. 98
GO:0008054 cyclin catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cyclins, proteins whose levels in a cell varies markedly during the cell cycle, and which play key roles in regulating cell cycle phase transitions. 98
GO:0034501 protein localization to kinetochore Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, the kinetochore. 97
GO:0032940 secretion by cell The controlled release of a substance by a cell. 97
GO:0071277 cellular response to calcium ion Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a calcium ion stimulus. 97
GO:0006914 autophagy The process in which cells digest parts of their own cytoplasm; allows for both recycling of macromolecular constituents under conditions of cellular stress and remodeling the intracellular structure for cell differentiation. 95
GO:0072330 monocarboxylic acid biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of monocarboxylic acids, any organic acid containing one carboxyl (-COOH) group. 95
GO:0019432 triglyceride biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a triglyceride, any triester of glycerol. 95
GO:0017144 drug metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving a drug, a substance used in the diagnosis, treatment or prevention of a disease; as used here antibiotic substances (see antibiotic metabolism) are considered to be drugs, even if not used in medical or veterinary practice. 95
GO:0000162 tryptophan biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tryptophan, the chiral amino acid 2-amino-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoic acid; tryptophan is synthesized from chorismate via anthranilate. 94
GO:0006090 pyruvate metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving pyruvate, 2-oxopropanoate. 93
GO:0019438 aromatic compound biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of aromatic compounds, any substance containing an aromatic carbon ring. 93
GO:0051017 actin filament bundle assembly The assembly of actin filament bundles; actin filaments are on the same axis but may be oriented with the same or opposite polarities and may be packed with different levels of tightness. 92
GO:0006333 chromatin assembly or disassembly The formation or destruction of chromatin structures. 91
GO:0001302 replicative cell aging The process associated with progression of the cell from its inception to the end of its lifespan that occurs as the cell continues cycles of growth and division. 91
GO:0071395 cellular response to jasmonic acid stimulus Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a jasmonic acid stimulus. 91
GO:0005982 starch metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving starch, the most important reserve polysaccharide in plants. It is a glucan consisting of two components, amylose and amylopectin, which are both glucose homopolymers. Starch is synthesized as a temporary storage form of carbon and can be catabolized to produce sucrose. 91
GO:0035046 pronuclear migration The directed movement of the male and female pronuclei towards each other prior to their fusion. 91
GO:0048869 cellular developmental process A biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cell over time from an initial condition to a later condition. 90
GO:0097308 cellular response to farnesol Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a farnesol stimulus. 90
GO:0061077 chaperone-mediated protein folding The process of inhibiting aggregation and assisting in the covalent and noncovalent assembly of single chain polypeptides or multisubunit complexes into the correct tertiary structure that is dependent on interaction with a chaperone. 90
GO:0030243 cellulose metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving cellulose, a linear beta1-4 glucan of molecular mass 50-400 kDa with the pyranose units in the -4C1 conformation. 89
GO:0046246 terpene biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of terpenes, any of a large group of hydrocarbons made up of isoprene units. 89
GO:0009850 auxin metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving auxins, a group of plant hormones that regulate aspects of plant growth. 89
GO:0042546 cell wall biogenesis A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a cell wall. Includes biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, such as proteins and polysaccharides, and those macromolecular modifications that are involved in synthesis or assembly of the cellular component. A cell wall is the rigid or semi-rigid envelope lying outside the cell membrane of plant, fungal and most prokaryotic cells, maintaining their shape and protecting them from osmotic lysis. 89
GO:0042147 retrograde transport, endosome to Golgi The directed movement of membrane-bounded vesicles from endosomes back to the trans-Golgi network where they are recycled for further rounds of transport. 88
GO:0043335 protein unfolding The process of assisting in the disassembly of non-covalent linkages in a protein or protein aggregate, often where the proteins are in a non-functional or denatured state. 88
GO:0071215 cellular response to abscisic acid stimulus Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an abscisic acid stimulus. 87
GO:0030010 establishment of cell polarity The specification and formation of anisotropic intracellular organization or cell growth patterns. 87
GO:0051085 chaperone mediated protein folding requiring cofactor The process of assisting in the correct posttranslational noncovalent assembly of proteins, which is dependent on additional protein cofactors. This process occurs over one or several cycles of nucleotide hydrolysis-dependent binding and release. 85
GO:0001676 long-chain fatty acid metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving long-chain fatty acids, A long-chain fatty acid is a fatty acid with a chain length between C13 and C22. 84
GO:0007160 cell-matrix adhesion The binding of a cell to the extracellular matrix via adhesion molecules. 84
GO:0015991 ATP hydrolysis coupled proton transport The transport of protons against an electrochemical gradient, using energy from ATP hydrolysis. 84
GO:0052541 plant-type cell wall cellulose metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving cellulose, a linear beta1-4 glucan of molecular mass 50-400 kDa with the pyranose units in the -4C1 conformation, as part of the organization and biogenesis of the cell wall. 84
GO:0045036 protein targeting to chloroplast The process of directing proteins towards the chloroplast, usually using signals contained within the protein. Imported proteins are synthesized as cytosolic precursors containing N-terminal uptake-targeting sequences that direct each protein to its correct subcompartment and are subsequently cleaved. 83
GO:0042769 DNA damage response, detection of DNA damage The series of events required to receive a stimulus indicating DNA damage has occurred and convert it to a molecular signal. 82
GO:0043651 linoleic acid metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving linoleic acid, an unsaturated omega-6 fatty acid that has the molecular formula C18H32O2. 82
GO:0071363 cellular response to growth factor stimulus Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a growth factor stimulus. 81
GO:0042738 exogenous drug catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a drug that has originated externally to the cell or organism. 81
GO:0006644 phospholipid metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving phospholipids, any lipid containing phosphoric acid as a mono- or diester. 81
GO:0033075 isoquinoline alkaloid biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of isoquinoline alkaloids, alkaloid compounds that contain bicyclic N-containing aromatic rings and are derived from a 3,4-dihydroxytyramine (dopamine) precursor that undergoes a Schiff base addition with aldehydes of different origin. 81
GO:0006108 malate metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving malate, the anion of hydroxybutanedioic acid, a chiral hydroxydicarboxylic acid. The (+) enantiomer is an important intermediate in metabolism as a component of both the TCA cycle and the glyoxylate cycle. 80
GO:0008216 spermidine metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving spermidine, N-(3-aminopropyl)-1,4-diaminobutane. 80
GO:0007005 mitochondrion organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a mitochondrion; includes mitochondrial morphogenesis and distribution, and replication of the mitochondrial genome as well as synthesis of new mitochondrial components. 79
GO:0030466 chromatin silencing at silent mating-type cassette Repression of transcription at silent mating-type loci by alteration of the structure of chromatin. 79
GO:0000077 DNA damage checkpoint A cell cycle checkpoint that regulates progression through the cell cycle in response to DNA damage. A DNA damage checkpoint may blocks cell cycle progression (in G1, G2 or metaphase) or slow the rate at which S phase proceeds. 79
GO:0006733 oxidoreduction coenzyme metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving coenzymes that are required, in addition to an enzyme and a substrate, for an oxidoreductase reaction to proceed. 79
GO:0032787 monocarboxylic acid metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving monocarboxylic acids, any organic acid containing one carboxyl (COOH) group or anion (COO-). 78
GO:0042144 vacuole fusion, non-autophagic The fusion of two vacuole membranes to form a single vacuole. 77
GO:0032870 cellular response to hormone stimulus Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hormone stimulus. 77
GO:0019369 arachidonic acid metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving arachidonic acid, a straight chain fatty acid with 20 carbon atoms and four double bonds per molecule. Arachidonic acid is the all-Z-(5,8,11,14)-isomer. 76
GO:0032258 CVT pathway A constitutive biosynthetic process that occurs under nutrient-rich conditions, in which two resident vacuolar hydrolases, aminopeptidase I and alpha-mannosidase, are sequestered into vesicles; these vesicles are transported to, and then fuse with, the vacuole. This pathway is mostly observed in yeast. 76
GO:0031034 myosin filament assembly The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a filament composed of myosin molecules. 76
GO:0036244 cellular response to neutral pH Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a neutral pH (pH close to 7) stimulus. 75
GO:0072659 protein localization to plasma membrane A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location in the plasma membrane. 75
GO:0009657 plastid organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a plastid. 75
GO:0046907 intracellular transport The directed movement of substances within a cell. 74
GO:0048610 cellular process involved in reproduction A process, occurring at the cellular level, that is involved in the reproductive function of a multicellular or single-celled organism. 74
GO:0033383 geranyl diphosphate metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving geranyl diphosphate, the universal precursor of the monoterpenes. 74
GO:0030497 fatty acid elongation The elongation of a fatty acid chain by the sequential addition of two-carbon units. 74
GO:0071300 cellular response to retinoic acid Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a retinoic acid stimulus. 74
GO:0034394 protein localization to cell surface A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within the external part of the cell wall and/or plasma membrane. 73
GO:0071353 cellular response to interleukin-4 Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-4 stimulus. 73
GO:0045339 farnesyl diphosphate catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of farnesyl diphosphate. 73
GO:0010107 potassium ion import The directed movement of potassium ions into a cell or organelle. 72
GO:0031122 cytoplasmic microtubule organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of structures formed of microtubules and associated proteins in the cytoplasm of a cell. 72
GO:0009294 DNA mediated transformation The introduction and uptake of foreign genetic material (DNA or RNA) into a cell, and often the expression of that genetic material. 72
GO:0051641 cellular localization A localization process that takes place at the cellular level; as a result of a cellular localization process, a substance or cellular entity, such as a protein complex or organelle, is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within or in the membrane of a cell. 72
GO:0071805 potassium ion transmembrane transport A process in which a potassium ion is transported from one side of a membrane to the other. 72
GO:0009062 fatty acid catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a fatty acid, any of the aliphatic monocarboxylic acids that can be liberated by hydrolysis from naturally occurring fats and oils. Fatty acids are predominantly straight-chain acids of 4 to 24 carbon atoms, which may be saturated or unsaturated; branched fatty acids and hydroxy fatty acids also occur, and very long chain acids of over 30 carbons are found in waxes. 71
GO:0006949 syncytium formation The formation of a syncytium, a mass of cytoplasm containing several nuclei enclosed within a single plasma membrane. Syncytia are normally derived from single cells that fuse or fail to complete cell division. 71
GO:0010120 camalexin biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of camalexin, an indole phytoalexin. 70
GO:0019287 isopentenyl diphosphate biosynthetic process, mevalonate pathway The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of isopentenyl diphosphate, via the intermediate mevalonate. This pathway converts acetate, in the form of acetyl-CoA, to isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP), the fundamental unit in isoprenoid biosynthesis, through a series of mevalonate intermediates. 70
GO:0008654 phospholipid biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phospholipids, any lipid containing phosphoric acid as a mono- or diester. 70
GO:0051297 centrosome organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a centrosome, a structure comprised of a pair of centrioles and peri-centriolar material from which a microtubule spindle apparatus is organized. 70
GO:0034334 adherens junction maintenance The maintenance of an adherens junction. An adherens junction is a cell junction at which the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane is attached to actin filaments. 70
GO:0019745 pentacyclic triterpenoid biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pentacyclic triterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with six isoprene units and 5 carbon rings. 70
GO:0090162 establishment of epithelial cell polarity The specification and formation of anisotropic intracellular organization of an epithelial cell. 70
GO:0006744 ubiquinone biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ubiquinone, a lipid-soluble electron-transporting coenzyme. 69
GO:0051603 proteolysis involved in cellular protein catabolic process The hydrolysis of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein as part of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein by individual cells. 69
GO:0040016 embryonic cleavage The first few specialized divisions of an activated animal egg. 68
GO:0071786 endoplasmic reticulum tubular network organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) tubular network. The ER tubular network is the ER part that comprises the membranes with high curvature in cross-section. 68
GO:0009687 abscisic acid metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving abscisic acid, 5-(1-hydroxy-2,6,6,trimethyl-4-oxocyclohex-2-en-1-y1)-3-methylpenta-2,4-dienoic acid. 68
GO:0048210 Golgi vesicle fusion to target membrane The joining of the lipid bilayer membrane around a Golgi transport vesicle to the target lipid bilayer membrane. 68
GO:0032402 melanosome transport The directed movement of melanosomes into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. 68
GO:0008333 endosome to lysosome transport The directed movement of substances from endosomes to lysosomes. 68
GO:0009694 jasmonic acid metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving jasmonic acid, a fatty acid derivative with the formula (1R-(1 alpha, 2 beta(Z)))-3-oxo-2-(2-pentenyl)cyclopentaneacetic acid. 67
GO:0010430 fatty acid omega-oxidation A fatty acid oxidation process in which the methyl group at the end of the fatty acid molecule (the omega carbon) is first oxidized to a hydroxyl group, then to an oxo group, and finally to a carboxyl group. The long chain dicarboxylates derived from omega-oxidation then enter the beta-oxidation pathway for further degradation. 66
GO:0006605 protein targeting The process of targeting specific proteins to particular membrane-bounded subcellular organelles. Usually requires an organelle specific protein sequence motif. 66
GO:0006778 porphyrin-containing compound metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving any member of a large group of derivatives or analogs of porphyrin. Porphyrins consists of a ring of four pyrrole nuclei linked each to the next at their alpha positions through a methine group. 66
GO:0000028 ribosomal small subunit assembly The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of constituent RNAs and proteins to form the small ribosomal subunit. 66
GO:0019433 triglyceride catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a triglyceride, any triester of glycerol. 66
GO:0007049 cell cycle The progression of biochemical and morphological phases and events that occur in a cell during successive cell replication or nuclear replication events. Canonically, the cell cycle comprises the replication and segregation of genetic material followed by the division of the cell, but in endocycles or syncytial cells nuclear replication or nuclear division may not be followed by cell division. 66
GO:0006348 chromatin silencing at telomere Repression of transcription of telomeric DNA by altering the structure of chromatin. 66
GO:0006520 cellular amino acid metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving amino acids, carboxylic acids containing one or more amino groups, as carried out by individual cells. 65
GO:0045046 protein import into peroxisome membrane The targeting of proteins into the peroxisomal membrane. The process is not well understood, but both signals and mechanism differ from those involved in peroxisomal matrix protein import. 65
GO:0007031 peroxisome organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a peroxisome. A peroxisome is a small, membrane-bounded organelle that uses dioxygen (O2) to oxidize organic molecules. 65
GO:0006783 heme biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of heme, any compound of iron complexed in a porphyrin (tetrapyrrole) ring, from less complex precursors. 64
GO:0071630 nucleus-associated proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of misfolded proteins via a mechanism in which the proteins are transported to the nucleus for ubiquitination, and then targeted to proteasomes for degradation. 64
GO:0051645 Golgi localization Any process in which the Golgi is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within the cell. 64
GO:0009403 toxin biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of toxin, a poisonous compound (typically a protein) that is produced by cells or organisms and that can cause disease when introduced into the body or tissues of an organism. 64
GO:0031333 negative regulation of protein complex assembly Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein complex assembly. 63
GO:0006139 nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process Any cellular metabolic process involving nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids. 63
GO:0060151 peroxisome localization Any process in which a peroxisome is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location. A peroxisome is a small membrane-bounded organelle that uses dioxygen (O2) to oxidize organic molecules. 63
GO:0018874 benzoate metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving benzoate, the anion of benzoic acid (benzenecarboxylic acid), a fungistatic compound widely used as a food preservative; it is conjugated to glycine in the liver and excreted as hippuric acid. 63
GO:0044271 cellular nitrogen compound biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of organic and inorganic nitrogenous compounds. 63
GO:0016044 cellular membrane organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a membrane. A membrane is a double layer of lipid molecules that encloses all cells, and, in eukaryotes, many organelles; may be a single or double lipid bilayer; also includes associated proteins. 63
GO:0006730 one-carbon metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving the transfer of one-carbon units in various oxidation states. 63
GO:0007339 binding of sperm to zona pellucida The process in which the sperm binds to the zona pellucida glycoprotein layer of the egg. The process begins with the attachment of the sperm plasma membrane to the zona pellucida and includes attachment of the acrosome inner membrane to the zona pellucida after the acrosomal reaction takes place. 62
GO:0006464 cellular protein modification process The covalent alteration of one or more amino acids occurring in proteins, peptides and nascent polypeptides (co-translational, post-translational modifications) occurring at the level of an individual cell. Includes the modification of charged tRNAs that are destined to occur in a protein (pre-translation modification). 61
GO:0051646 mitochondrion localization Any process in which a mitochondrion or mitochondria are transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within the cell. 61
GO:0019725 cellular homeostasis Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state at the level of the cell. 60
GO:0006607 NLS-bearing substrate import into nucleus The directed movement of a protein bearing a nuclear localization signal (NLS) from the cytoplasm into the nucleus, across the nuclear membrane. 60
GO:0044267 cellular protein metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving a specific protein, rather than of proteins in general, occurring at the level of an individual cell. Includes cellular protein modification. 60
GO:0006672 ceramide metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving ceramides, any N-acylated sphingoid. 60
GO:0006839 mitochondrial transport Transport of substances into, out of or within a mitochondrion. 60
GO:0007301 female germline ring canal formation Assembly of the intercellular bridges that connect the germ-line cells of a female cyst. 60
GO:0009828 plant-type cell wall loosening The series of events causing chemical and structural alterations of an existing cellulose and pectin-containing cell wall that results in greater extensibility of the wall. An example of this is found in Arabidopsis thaliana. 59
GO:0001300 chronological cell aging The process associated with progression of the cell from its inception to the end of its lifespan that occurs when the cell is in a non-dividing, or quiescent, state. 59
GO:0006097 glyoxylate cycle A modification of the TCA cycle occurring in some plants and microorganisms, in which isocitrate is cleaved to glyoxylate and succinate. Glyoxylate can then react with acetyl-CoA to form malate. 59
GO:0017143 insecticide metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving insecticides, chemicals used to kill insects. 58
GO:0030041 actin filament polymerization Assembly of actin filaments by the addition of actin monomers to a filament. 58
GO:0006696 ergosterol biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ergosterol, (22E)-ergosta-5,7,22-trien-3-beta-ol, a sterol found in ergot, yeast and moulds. 58
GO:0019373 epoxygenase P450 pathway The chemical reactions and pathways by which arachidonic acid is converted to other compounds including epoxyeicosatrienoic acids and dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids. 58
GO:0010411 xyloglucan metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving xyloglucan, the cross-linking glycan composed of (1->4)-beta-D-glucan backbone substituted at regular intervals with beta-D-xylosyl-(1->6) residues, which is present in the primary cell wall of most higher plants. 57
GO:0007032 endosome organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of endosomes. 57
GO:0009688 abscisic acid biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of abscisic acid, 5-(1-hydroxy-2,6,6,trimethyl-4-oxocyclohex-2-en-1-y1)-3-methylpenta-2,4-dienoic acid. 57
GO:0048194 Golgi vesicle budding The evagination of the Golgi membrane, resulting in formation of a vesicle. 57
GO:0034498 early endosome to Golgi transport The directed movement of substances from early endosomes to the Golgi. 57
GO:0009700 indole phytoalexin biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of indole phytoalexins, any indole compound produced by plants as part of their defense response. 57
GO:0035428 hexose transmembrane transport The directed movement of hexose across a membrane by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Hexoses are any aldoses with a chain of six carbon atoms in the molecule. 57
GO:0006537 glutamate biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glutamate, the anion of 2-aminopentanedioic acid. 56
GO:0006796 phosphate-containing compound metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving the phosphate group, the anion or salt of any phosphoric acid. 56
GO:0048205 COPI coating of Golgi vesicle The addition of COPI proteins and adaptor proteins to Golgi membranes during the formation of transport vesicles, forming a vesicle coat. 56
GO:0007569 cell aging An aging process that has as participant a cell after a cell has stopped dividing. Cell aging may occur when a cell has temporarily stopped dividing through cell cycle arrest (GO:0007050) or when a cell has permanently stopped dividing, in which case it is undergoing cellular senescence (GO:0090398). May precede cell death (GO:0008219) and succeed cell maturation (GO:0048469). 56
GO:0000741 karyogamy The creation of a single nucleus from multiple nuclei as a result of fusing the lipid bilayers that surround each nuclei. 56
GO:0031047 gene silencing by RNA Any process in which RNA molecules inactivate expression of target genes. 55
GO:0009404 toxin metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving a toxin, a poisonous compound (typically a protein) that is produced by cells or organisms and that can cause disease when introduced into the body or tissues of an organism. 55
GO:0010345 suberin biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of suberin monomers and suberin polyesters. Suberin monomers are derived from fatty acids and trans-cinnamic acids. The monomers are then cross-linked with glycerols. 55
GO:0030042 actin filament depolymerization Disassembly of actin filaments by the removal of actin monomers from a filament. 55
GO:0019477 L-lysine catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-lysine, the L-enantiomer of (S)-2,6-diaminohexanoic acid. 55
GO:0009903 chloroplast avoidance movement The relocation process in which chloroplasts in photosynthetic cells avoid strong light and move away from it in order to preserve the photosynthetic machinery. 54
GO:0008356 asymmetric cell division The asymmetric division of cells to produce two daughter cells with different developmental potentials. It is of fundamental significance for the generation of cell diversity. 54
GO:0009851 auxin biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of auxins, plant hormones that regulate aspects of plant growth. 54
GO:0006344 maintenance of chromatin silencing The maintenance of chromatin in a transcriptionally silent state such as heterochromatin. 54
GO:0006103 2-oxoglutarate metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving oxoglutarate, the dianion of 2-oxoglutaric acid. It is a key constituent of the TCA cycle and a key intermediate in amino-acid metabolism. 54
GO:0006616 SRP-dependent cotranslational protein targeting to membrane, translocation The process during cotranslational membrane targeting wherein proteins move across a membrane. SRP and its receptor initiate the transfer of the nascent chain across the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane; they then dissociate from the chain, which is transferred to a set of transmembrane proteins, collectively called the translocon. Once the nascent chain translocon complex is assembled, the elongating chain passes directly from the large ribosomal subunit into the centers of the translocon, a protein-lined channel within the membrane. The growing chain is never exposed to the cytosol and does not fold until it reaches the ER lumen. 54
GO:0009690 cytokinin metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving cytokinins, a class of adenine-derived compounds that can function in plants as growth regulators. 53
GO:0035494 SNARE complex disassembly The disaggregation of the SNARE protein complex into its constituent components. The SNARE complex is a protein complex involved in membrane fusion; a stable ternary complex consisting of a four-helix bundle, usually formed from one R-SNARE and three Q-SNAREs with an ionic layer sandwiched between hydrophobic layers. 53
GO:0031532 actin cytoskeleton reorganization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in dynamic structural changes to the arrangement of constituent parts of cytoskeletal structures comprising actin filaments and their associated proteins. 53
GO:0045461 sterigmatocystin biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sterigmatocystin, a carcinogenic mycotoxin produced in high yields by strains of the common molds. 53
GO:0046854 phosphatidylinositol phosphorylation The process of introducing one or more phosphate groups into a phosphatidylinositol, any glycerophosphoinositol having one phosphatidyl group esterified to one of the hydroxy groups of inositol. 53
GO:0005992 trehalose biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of trehalose, a disaccharide isomeric with sucrose and obtained from certain lichens and fungi. 53
GO:0034332 adherens junction organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an adherens junction. An adherens junction is a cell junction at which the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane is attached to actin filaments. 53
GO:0080170 hydrogen peroxide transmembrane transport The process in which hydrogen peroxide is transported from one side of a membrane to the other. This process includes the actual movement of the solute, and any regulation and preparatory steps, such as reduction of the solute. 53
GO:0019408 dolichol biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dolichols, any 2,3-dihydropolyprenol derived from four or more linked isoprene units. 53
GO:0046855 inositol phosphate dephosphorylation The process of removing a phosphate group from any mono- or polyphosphorylated inositol. 53
GO:0042344 indole glucosinolate catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of indole glucosinolates, sulfur-containing compounds that have a common structure linked to an R group derived from tryptophan. 52
GO:0043693 monoterpene biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of monoterpenes, terpenes with a C10 structure. 52
GO:0071285 cellular response to lithium ion Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lithium (Li+) ion stimulus. 52
GO:0071280 cellular response to copper ion Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a copper ion stimulus. 52
GO:0006892 post-Golgi vesicle-mediated transport The directed movement of substances from the Golgi to other parts of the cell, including organelles and the plasma membrane, mediated by small transport vesicles. 52
GO:0019413 acetate biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acetate, the anion of acetic acid. 51
GO:0048211 Golgi vesicle docking The initial attachment of a Golgi transport vesicle membrane to a target membrane, mediated by proteins protruding from the membrane of the Golgi vesicle and the target membrane. 51
GO:0009808 lignin metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving lignins, a class of polymers of phenylpropanoid units. 51
GO:0034220 ion transmembrane transport A process in which an ion is transported from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. 50
GO:0007018 microtubule-based movement A microtubule-based process that is mediated by motor proteins and results in the movement of organelles, other microtubules, or other particles along microtubules. 50
GO:0006465 signal peptide processing The proteolytic removal of a signal peptide from a protein during or after transport to a specific location in the cell. 50
GO:0005983 starch catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of starch, the most important reserve polysaccharide in plants. 50
GO:0097051 establishment of protein localization to endoplasmic reticulum membrane The directed movement of a protein to a specific location in the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. 50
GO:0090382 phagosome maturation A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the arrangement of constituent parts of a phagosome within a cell. Phagosome maturation begins with endocytosis and formation of the early phagosome and ends with the formation of the hybrid organelle, the phagolysosome. 50
GO:0019058 viral infectious cycle A set of processes which all viruses follow to ensure survival; includes attachment and entry of the virus particle, decoding of genome information, translation of viral mRNA by host ribosomes, genome replication, and assembly and release of viral particles containing the genome. 49
GO:0007220 Notch receptor processing The series of successive proteolytic cleavages of the Notch protein, which result in an active form of the receptor. 49
GO:0090114 COPII-coated vesicle budding The evagination of an endoplasmic reticulum membrane, resulting in formation of a COPII-coated vesicle. 49
GO:0006903 vesicle targeting The process in which vesicles are directed to specific destination membranes. Targeting involves coordinated interactions among cytoskeletal elements (microtubules or actin filaments), motor proteins, molecules at the vesicle membrane and target membrane surfaces, and vesicle cargo. 49
GO:0006555 methionine metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving methionine (2-amino-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid), a sulfur-containing, essential amino acid found in peptide linkage in proteins. 49
GO:0006107 oxaloacetate metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving oxaloacetate, the anion of oxobutanedioic acid, an important intermediate in metabolism, especially as a component of the TCA cycle. 49
GO:0010440 stomatal lineage progression The process in which an unspecialized epidermal cell progresses through a series of divisions that culminate in the production of a stomatal complex. 48
GO:0044262 cellular carbohydrate metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y, as carried out by individual cells. 48
GO:0048137 spermatocyte division The meiotic divisions undergone by the primary and secondary spermatocytes to produce haploid spermatids. 48
GO:0001881 receptor recycling The process that results in the return of receptor molecules to an active state and an active cellular location after they have been stimulated by a ligand. An active state is when the receptor is ready to receive a signal. 48
GO:0005986 sucrose biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sucrose, the disaccharide fructofuranosyl-glucopyranoside. 48
GO:0090332 stomatal closure The process of closing of stomata, pores in the epidermis of leaves and stems bordered by two guard cells and serving in gas exchange. 48
GO:0016339 calcium-dependent cell-cell adhesion The attachment of one cell to another cell via adhesion molecules that require the presence of calcium for the interaction. 48
GO:0009083 branched-chain amino acid catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of amino acids containing a branched carbon skeleton, comprising isoleucine, leucine and valine. 48
GO:0046196 4-nitrophenol catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 4-nitrophenol, a nitroaromatic compound which is used in the production of dyes, leather treatment agents, fungicides and as an intermediate in the production of the insecticide parathion. 47
GO:0006637 acyl-CoA metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving acyl-CoA, any derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is in thiolester linkage with an acyl group. 47
GO:0006086 acetyl-CoA biosynthetic process from pyruvate The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acetyl-CoA from pyruvate. 47
GO:0009450 gamma-aminobutyric acid catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA, 4-aminobutyrate), an amino acid which acts as a neurotransmitter in some organisms. 47
GO:0051086 chaperone mediated protein folding independent of cofactor The process of assisting in the correct noncovalent assembly of posttranslational proteins and does not depend on additional protein cofactors. This function occurs over one or more cycles of nucleotide-dependent binding and release. 46
GO:0019752 carboxylic acid metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving carboxylic acids, any organic acid containing one or more carboxyl (COOH) groups or anions (COO-). 46
GO:0010499 proteasomal ubiquitin-independent protein catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds that is mediated by the proteasome but do not involve ubiquitin. 46
GO:0042867 pyruvate catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pyruvate, 2-oxopropanoate. 46
GO:0042128 nitrate assimilation The nitrogen metabolic process that encompasses the uptake of nitrate from the environment and reduction to ammonia, and results in the incorporation of nitrogen derived from nitrate into cellular substances. 46
GO:0030245 cellulose catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cellulose, a linear beta1-4 glucan of molecular mass 50-400 kDa with the pyranose units in the -4C1 conformation. 46
GO:0036166 phenotypic switching A reversible switch of a cell from one cell type or form to another, at a frequency above the expected frequency for somatic mutations. Phenotypic switching begins with changes in cell morphology and altered gene expression patterns and ends when the morphology of a population of cells has reverted back to the default state, accompanied by altered expression patterns. For example, Candida albicans switches from a unicellular form to an invasive multicellular filamentous form upon infection of host tissue, and from white cells to opaque cells for sexual mating. Phenotypic switching also occurs in multicellular organisms; smooth muscle cells (SMCs) exhibit phenotypic transitions to allow rapid adaption to fluctuating environmental cues. 46
GO:0042991 transcription factor import into nucleus The directed movement of a transcription factor from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. 45
GO:0035725 sodium ion transmembrane transport A process in which a sodium ion is transported from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. 45
GO:0043162 ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process via the multivesicular body sorting pathway The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide covalently tagged with ubiquitin, via the multivesicular body (MVB) sorting pathway; ubiquitin-tagged proteins are sorted into MVBs, and delivered to a lysosome/vacuole for degradation. 45
GO:0019570 L-arabinose catabolic process to 2-oxoglutarate The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-arabinose into other compounds, including 2-oxoglutarate. 45
GO:0071963 establishment or maintenance of cell polarity regulating cell shape Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of a polarized intracellular organization or cell growth patterns that regulate the shape of a cell. 45
GO:0010020 chloroplast fission The division of a chloroplast within a cell to form two or more separate chloroplast compartments. This division occurs independently of mitosis. 45
GO:0034389 lipid particle organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a lipid particle. 45
GO:0071475 cellular hyperosmotic salinity response Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detection of, or exposure to, an increase in the concentration of salt (particularly but not exclusively sodium and chloride ions) in the environment. 45
GO:0009691 cytokinin biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cytokinins, a class of adenine-derived compounds that can function in plants as growth regulators. 45
GO:0006887 exocytosis A process of secretion by a cell that results in the release of intracellular molecules (e.g. hormones, matrix proteins) contained within a membrane-bounded vesicle by fusion of the vesicle with the plasma membrane of a cell. This is the process in which most molecules are secreted from eukaryotic cells. 44
GO:0006527 arginine catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of arginine, 2-amino-5-(carbamimidamido)pentanoic acid. 44
GO:0016337 cell-cell adhesion The attachment of one cell to another cell via adhesion molecules. 44
GO:0033298 contractile vacuole organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a contractile vacuole. A specialized vacuole that fills with water from the cytoplasm and then discharges this externally by the opening of contractile vacuole pores. 44
GO:0010719 negative regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition where an epithelial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell. 44
GO:0006325 chromatin organization Any process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of the physical structure of eukaryotic chromatin. 44
GO:0042761 very long-chain fatty acid biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a fatty acid which has a chain length greater than C22. 43
GO:0042375 quinone cofactor metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving quinone cofactors. 43
GO:0042067 establishment of ommatidial planar polarity The specification of polarized ommatidia. Ommatidia occur in two chiral forms. The trapezoidal arrangement of photoreceptors in the dorsal part of the eye is the mirror image of that in the ventral part. 43
GO:0051762 sesquiterpene biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sesquiterpenes, any of a class of terpenes of the formula C15H24 or a derivative of such a terpene. 43
GO:0080024 indolebutyric acid metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving indolebutyric acid, a compound that serves as an active or storage form of the hormone indole-3-acetic acid (an auxin) in many plants. 43
GO:0016482 cytoplasmic transport The directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of, or within the cytoplasm of a cell. 43
GO:0071345 cellular response to cytokine stimulus Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cytokine stimulus. 43
GO:0046395 carboxylic acid catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of carboxylic acids, any organic acid containing one or more carboxyl (-COOH) groups. 43
GO:0010497 plasmodesmata-mediated intercellular transport The movement of substances between cells via plasmodesmata. Plasmodesmata is a fine cytoplasmic channel, found in all higher plants, that connects the cytoplasm of one cell to that of an adjacent cell. 43
GO:0009830 cell wall modification involved in abscission A cellular process that results in the breakdown of the cell wall that contributes to the process of abscission. 42
GO:0035338 long-chain fatty-acyl-CoA biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a long-chain fatty-acyl-CoA any derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is in a thioester linkage with a long-chain fatty-acyl group. Long-chain fatty-acyl-CoAs have chain lengths of C13 or more. 42
GO:0046785 microtubule polymerization The addition of tubulin heterodimers to one or both ends of a microtubule. 42
GO:0019853 L-ascorbic acid biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-ascorbic acid; L-ascorbic acid ionizes to give L-ascorbate, (2R)-2-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-4-hydroxy-5-oxo-2,5-dihydrofuran-3-olate, which is required as a cofactor in the oxidation of prolyl residues to hydroxyprolyl, and other reactions. 42
GO:0017156 calcium ion-dependent exocytosis The release of intracellular molecules (e.g. hormones, matrix proteins) contained within a membrane-bounded vesicle by fusion of the vesicle with the plasma membrane of a cell, requiring the presence of calcium ions. 42
GO:0018985 pronuclear envelope synthesis Synthesis and ordering of the envelope of pronuclei. 42
GO:0006790 sulfur compound metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving the nonmetallic element sulfur or compounds that contain sulfur, such as the amino acids methionine and cysteine or the tripeptide glutathione. 42
GO:0046294 formaldehyde catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of formaldehyde (methanal, H2C=O), the simplest aldehyde. 42
GO:0071366 cellular response to indolebutyric acid stimulus Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an indolebutyric acid stimulus. 42
GO:0006559 L-phenylalanine catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phenylalanine, 2-amino-3-phenylpropanoic acid. 42
GO:0030723 ovarian fusome organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the fusome of ovarian cells, an organelle derived from the spectrosome. It anchors the mitotic spindle pole to provide orientation during cystoblast cell divisions. 42
GO:0030317 sperm motility Any process involved in the controlled movement of a sperm cell. 42
GO:0090201 negative regulation of release of cytochrome c from mitochondria Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of release of cytochrome c from mitochondria, the process in which cytochrome c is enabled to move from the mitochondrial intermembrane space into the cytosol, which is an early step in apoptosis and leads to caspase activation. 41
GO:0090084 negative regulation of inclusion body assembly Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of inclusion body assembly. Inclusion body assembly is the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an inclusion body. 41
GO:0009395 phospholipid catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phospholipids, any lipid containing phosphoric acid as a mono- or diester. 41
GO:0006693 prostaglandin metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving prostaglandins, any of a group of biologically active metabolites which contain a cyclopentane ring due to the formation of a bond between two carbons of a fatty acid. They have a wide range of biological activities. 41
GO:0071236 cellular response to antibiotic Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an antibiotic stimulus. An antibiotic is a chemical substance produced by a microorganism which has the capacity to inhibit the growth of or to kill other microorganisms. 41
GO:0048261 negative regulation of receptor-mediated endocytosis Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of receptor mediated endocytosis, the uptake of external materials by cells, utilizing receptors to ensure specificity of transport. 41
GO:0031144 proteasome localization Any process in which the proteasome is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location. 41
GO:0071385 cellular response to glucocorticoid stimulus Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glucocorticoid stimulus. Glucocorticoids are hormonal C21 corticosteroids synthesized from cholesterol with the ability to bind with the cortisol receptor and trigger similar effects. Glucocorticoids act primarily on carbohydrate and protein metabolism, and have anti-inflammatory effects. 41
GO:0009228 thiamine biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of thiamine (vitamin B1), a water soluble vitamin present in fresh vegetables and meats, especially liver. 41
GO:0070193 synaptonemal complex organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a synaptonemal complex. A synaptonemal complex is a proteinaceous scaffold formed between homologous chromosomes during meiosis. 40
GO:0006535 cysteine biosynthetic process from serine The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cysteine from other compounds, including serine. 40
GO:0035436 triose phosphate transmembrane transport The directed movement of triose phosphate across a membrane by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Triose phosphate is any organic three carbon compound phosphate ester. 40
GO:0005990 lactose catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lactose, the disaccharide galactopyranosyl-glucose. 40
GO:0035378 carbon dioxide transmembrane transport A process in which carbon dioxide (CO2) is transported from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. 40
GO:0016998 cell wall macromolecule catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of macromolecules that form part of a cell wall. 40
GO:0045793 positive regulation of cell size Any process that increases cell size. 40
GO:0030865 cortical cytoskeleton organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures in the cell cortex, i.e. just beneath the plasma membrane. 40
GO:0006772 thiamine metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving thiamine (vitamin B1), a water soluble vitamin present in fresh vegetables and meats, especially liver. 40
GO:0060471 cortical granule exocytosis The process of secretion by a cell that results in the release of intracellular molecules contained within a cortical granule by fusion of the vesicle with the plasma membrane of a cell. A cortical granule is a specialized secretory vesicle that is released during egg activation that changes the surface of the egg to prevent polyspermy. 40
GO:0007019 microtubule depolymerization The removal of tubulin heterodimers from one or both ends of a microtubule. 40
GO:0006085 acetyl-CoA biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acetyl-CoA, a derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is acetylated. 40
GO:0006536 glutamate metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving glutamate, the anion of 2-aminopentanedioic acid. 40
GO:0033128 negative regulation of histone phosphorylation Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of one or more phosphate groups to a histone protein. 40
GO:0006541 glutamine metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving glutamine, 2-amino-4-carbamoylbutanoic acid. 40
GO:0000027 ribosomal large subunit assembly The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of constituent RNAs and proteins to form the large ribosomal subunit. 40
GO:0046186 acetaldehyde biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acetaldehyde, a colorless, flammable liquid intermediate in the metabolism of alcohol. 40
GO:0048359 mucilage metabolic process involved seed coat development The chemical reactions and pathways involving mucilage that occur as part of seed coat development; mucilage is normally synthesized during seed coat development. 40
GO:0071288 cellular response to mercury ion Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a mercury ion stimulus. 40
GO:0007017 microtubule-based process Any cellular process that depends upon or alters the microtubule cytoskeleton, that part of the cytoskeleton comprising microtubules and their associated proteins. 40
GO:0009437 carnitine metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving carnitine (hydroxy-trimethyl aminobutyric acid), a compound that participates in the transfer of acyl groups across the inner mitochondrial membrane. 40
GO:0045149 acetoin metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving acetoin, 3-hydroxy-2-butanone, often as part of a fermentation pathway or for use as a carbon source. 39
GO:0019608 nicotine catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nicotine, (S)(-)-3-(1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)pyridine. 39
GO:0006574 valine catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of valine, 2-amino-3-methylbutanoic acid. 39
GO:0071474 cellular hyperosmotic response Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detection of, or exposure to, a hyperosmotic environment, i.e. an environment with a higher concentration of solutes than the organism or cell. 39
GO:0010815 bradykinin catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the peptide bradykinin. 39
GO:0009102 biotin biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of biotin, cis-tetrahydro-2-oxothieno(3,4-d)imidazoline-4-valeric acid. 39
GO:0046949 fatty-acyl-CoA biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a fatty-acyl-CoA, any derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is in thiolester linkage with a fatty-acyl group. 39
GO:0042318 penicillin biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any antibiotic that contains the condensed beta-lactamthiazolidine ring system. 39
GO:0042573 retinoic acid metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving retinoic acid, one of the three components that makes up vitamin A. 39
GO:0006928 cellular component movement The directed, self-propelled movement of a cellular component without the involvement of an external agent such as a transporter or a pore. 39
GO:0071554 cell wall organization or biogenesis A process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cell wall. 39
GO:0048354 mucilage biosynthetic process involved in seed coat development The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of mucilage that occur as part of seed coat development; mucilage is normally synthesized during seed coat development. 39
GO:0005985 sucrose metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving sucrose, the disaccharide fructofuranosyl-glucopyranoside. 39
GO:0006906 vesicle fusion Fusion of the membrane of a transport vesicle with its target membrane. 39
GO:0046520 sphingoid biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sphingoids, any of a class of compounds comprising sphinganine and its homologues and stereoisomers, and derivatives of these compounds. 39
GO:0016120 carotene biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of carotenes, hydrocarbon carotenoids. 39
GO:0019483 beta-alanine biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of beta-alanine (3-aminopropanoic acid), an achiral amino acid and an isomer of alanine. It occurs free (e.g. in brain) and in combination (e.g. in pantothenate) but it is not a constituent of proteins. 38
GO:0000947 amino acid catabolic process to alcohol via Ehrlich pathway The chemical reactions and pathways involving the catabolism of amino acids to produce alcohols with one carbon less than the starting amino acid. In S. cerevisiae, this is known to occur for leucine, isoleucine, valine, methionine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, or tryptophan. Often referred to as the Ehrlich pathway, these reactions generally occur during fermentation to produce a variety of alcohols, often collectively referred to as fusel alcohols. Depending on the redox state of the cells, carboxylic acid derivatives may be produced instead of alcohols. 38
GO:0071230 cellular response to amino acid stimulus Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an amino acid stimulus. An amino acid is a carboxylic acids containing one or more amino groups. 38
GO:0003333 amino acid transmembrane transport The directed movement of amino acids, organic acids containing one or more amino substituents across a membrane by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. 38
GO:0080088 spermidine hydroxycinnamate conjugate biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of spermidine hydroxycinnamate conjugates. 38
GO:0048252 lauric acid metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving lauric acid, a fatty acid with the formula CH3(CH2)10COOH. Derived from vegetable sources. 38
GO:0030950 establishment or maintenance of actin cytoskeleton polarity Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of polarized actin-based cytoskeletal structures. 38
GO:0006102 isocitrate metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving isocitrate, the anion of isocitric acid, 1-hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic acid. Isocitrate is an important intermediate in the TCA cycle and the glycoxylate cycle. 38
GO:0042110 T cell activation The change in morphology and behavior of a mature or immature T cell resulting from exposure to a mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or an antigen for which it is specific. 38
GO:0032957 inositol trisphosphate metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving myo-inositol phosphate, 1,2,3,4,5,6-cyclohexanehexol, with three phosphate groups attached. 38
GO:0034653 retinoic acid catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of retinoic acid, one of the three components that makes up vitamin A. 38
GO:0035372 protein localization to microtubule A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, a microtubule. 38
GO:0042616 paclitaxel metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving paclitaxel, an alkaloid compound used as an anticancer treatment. 37
GO:0007163 establishment or maintenance of cell polarity Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of anisotropic intracellular organization or cell growth patterns. 37
GO:0016114 terpenoid biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of terpenoids, any member of a class of compounds characterized by an isoprenoid chemical structure. 37
GO:0000002 mitochondrial genome maintenance The maintenance of the structure and integrity of the mitochondrial genome; includes replication and segregation of the mitochondrial chromosome. 37
GO:0071549 cellular response to dexamethasone stimulus Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a dexamethasone stimulus. 37
GO:0034645 cellular macromolecule biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a macromolecule, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass, carried out by individual cells. 37
GO:0019509 L-methionine salvage from methylthioadenosine The generation of L-methionine (2-amino-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid) from methylthioadenosine. 37
GO:0019464 glycine decarboxylation via glycine cleavage system The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycine by oxidative cleavage to carbon dioxide, ammonia, and a methylene group, mediated by enzymes of the glycine cleavage complex. 37
GO:0008209 androgen metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving androgens, C19 steroid hormones that can stimulate the development of male sexual characteristics. 37
GO:0071479 cellular response to ionizing radiation Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ionizing radiation stimulus. Ionizing radiation is radiation with sufficient energy to remove electrons from atoms and may arise from spontaneous decay of unstable isotopes, resulting in alpha and beta particles and gamma rays. Ionizing radiation also includes X-rays. 37
GO:0046902 regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the passage or uptake of molecules by the mitochondrial membrane. 37
GO:0052386 cell wall thickening A type of cell wall modification in which the cell wall is reinforced and made thicker. 37
GO:0032989 cellular component morphogenesis The process in which cellular structures, including whole cells or cell parts, are generated and organized. 37
GO:0034440 lipid oxidation The removal of one or more electrons from a lipid, with or without the concomitant removal of a proton or protons, by reaction with an electron-accepting substance, by addition of oxygen or by removal of hydrogen. 37
GO:0033859 furaldehyde metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving furaldehyde, a furan ring-containing aldehyde compound which can be formed from the thermal decomposition of biomass. 36
GO:0042100 B cell proliferation The expansion of a B cell population by cell division. Follows B cell activation. 36
GO:0001845 phagolysosome assembly The process that results in the fusion of a phagosome, a vesicle formed by phagocytosis, with a lysosome. 36
GO:0070588 calcium ion transmembrane transport A process in which a calcium ion is transported from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. 36
GO:0006896 Golgi to vacuole transport The directed movement of substances from the Golgi to the vacuole. 36
GO:0031529 ruffle organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a ruffle, a projection at the leading edge of a crawling cell. 36
GO:0036109 alpha-linolenic acid metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving alpha-linolenic acid, an unsaturated omega-6 fatty acid that has the molecular formula C18H32O2. 36
GO:0009438 methylglyoxal metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving methylglyoxal, CH3-CO-CHO, the aldehyde of pyruvic acid. 35
GO:0033962 cytoplasmic mRNA processing body assembly The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and RNA molecules to form a cytoplasmic mRNA processing body. 35
GO:0080003 thalianol metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving the triterpene thalianol. 35
GO:0007114 cell budding A form of asexual reproduction, occurring in certain bacteria and fungi (e.g. yeasts) and some primitive animals in which an individual arises from a daughter cell formed by pinching off a part of the parent cell. The budlike outgrowths so formed may sometimes remain attached to the parent cell. 35
GO:0044265 cellular macromolecule catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a macromolecule, any large molecule including proteins, nucleic acids and carbohydrates, as carried out by individual cells. 35
GO:0007117 budding cell bud growth The process in which the bud portion of a cell that reproduces by budding irreversibly increases in size over time by accretion and biosynthetic production of matter similar to that already present. 35
GO:0046345 abscisic acid catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of abscisic acid, 5-(1-hydroxy-2,6,6,trimethyl-4-oxocyclohex-2-en-1-y1)-3-methylpenta-2,4-dienoic acid. 35
GO:0090143 nucleoid organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the nucleoid. The nucleoid is the region of a bacterial cell, virion, mitochondrion or chloroplast to which the DNA is confined. 35
GO:0045229 external encapsulating structure organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of external structures that lie outside the plasma membrane and surround the entire cell. 35
GO:0000011 vacuole inheritance The distribution of vacuoles into daughter cells after mitosis or meiosis, mediated by interactions between vacuoles and the cytoskeleton. 35
GO:0019760 glucosinolate metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucosinolates, substituted thioglucosides found in rapeseed products and related cruciferae. They are metabolized to a variety of toxic products which are most likely the cause of hepatocytic necrosis in animals and humans. 35
GO:0070389 chaperone cofactor-dependent protein refolding The process of assisting in the restoration of the biological activity of an unfolded or misfolded protein, which is dependent on additional protein cofactors. This process occurs over one or several cycles of nucleotide hydrolysis-dependent binding and release. 35
GO:0005987 sucrose catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of sucrose, the disaccharide fructofuranosyl-glucopyranoside. 35
GO:0046784 intronless viral mRNA export from host nucleus The directed movement of intronless viral mRNA from the host nucleus to the cytoplasm for translation. 35
GO:0070370 cellular heat acclimation Any process that increases heat tolerance of a cell in response to high temperatures. 34
GO:0008210 estrogen metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving estrogens, C18 steroid hormones that can stimulate the development of female sexual characteristics. Also found in plants. 34
GO:0035278 negative regulation of translation involved in gene silencing by miRNA The process in which microRNAs (miRNAs) block the translation of target mRNAs into proteins. Once incorporated into a RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), a miRNA will typically repress translation if the miRNA imperfectly base-pairs with the 3' untranslated regions of target mRNAs. 34
GO:0045038 protein import into chloroplast thylakoid membrane The import of proteins into the chloroplast thylakoid membranes. Proteins that are destined for the thylakoid lumen require two uptake-targeting sequences: the first targets the protein to the stroma, and the second targets the protein from the stroma to the thylakoid lumen. Four separate thylakoid-import systems deal with the proteins once they are in the stroma. 34
GO:0006561 proline biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of proline (pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid), a chiral, cyclic, nonessential alpha-amino acid found in peptide linkage in proteins. 34
GO:0071482 cellular response to light stimulus Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a light stimulus, electromagnetic radiation of wavelengths classified as infrared, visible or ultraviolet light. 34
GO:0042073 intraflagellar transport The bidirectional movement of large protein complexes along microtubules within a cilium, mediated by motor proteins. 34
GO:0019430 removal of superoxide radicals Any process involved in removing superoxide radicals (O2-) from a cell or organism, e.g. by conversion to dioxygen (O2) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). 33
GO:0045329 carnitine biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of carnitine (hydroxy-trimethyl aminobutyric acid), a compound that participates in the transfer of acyl groups across the inner mitochondrial membrane. 33
GO:0034333 adherens junction assembly The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an adherens junction. An adherens junction is a cell junction at which the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane is attached to actin filaments. 33
GO:0070830 tight junction assembly The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a tight junction, an occluding cell-cell junction that is composed of a branching network of sealing strands that completely encircles the apical end of each cell in an epithelial sheet. 33
GO:0006895 Golgi to endosome transport The directed movement of substances from the Golgi to early sorting endosomes. Clathrin vesicles transport substances from the trans-Golgi to endosomes. 33
GO:0046185 aldehyde catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of aldehydes, any organic compound with the formula R-CH=O. 33
GO:0030838 positive regulation of actin filament polymerization Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of actin polymerization. 33
GO:0072334 UDP-galactose transmembrane transport The directed movement of UDP-galactose across a membrane into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. 33
GO:0010130 anaerobic ethylbenzene catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ethylbenzene, a benzene derivative with an ethyl group attached to the ring, which occurs in the absence of oxygen. 33
GO:0051276 chromosome organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level that results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of chromosomes, structures composed of a very long molecule of DNA and associated proteins that carries hereditary information. 33
GO:0008295 spermidine biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of spermidine, N-(3-aminopropyl)-1,4-diaminobutane. 33
GO:0043312 neutrophil degranulation The regulated exocytosis of secretory granules containing preformed mediators such as proteases, lipases, and inflammatory mediators by a neutrophil. 33
GO:0080110 sporopollenin biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sporopollenin, a primary constituent of the pollen exine layer. 32
GO:0034727 piecemeal microautophagy of nucleus Degradation of a cell nucleus by microautophagy. 32
GO:0030050 vesicle transport along actin filament Movement of a vesicle along an actin filament, mediated by motor proteins. 32
GO:0006564 L-serine biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-serine, the L-enantiomer of serine, i.e. (2S)-2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoic acid. 32
GO:0071214 cellular response to abiotic stimulus Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an abiotic (non-living) stimulus. 32
GO:0006515 misfolded or incompletely synthesized protein catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of misfolded or attenuated proteins. 32
GO:0009833 primary cell wall biogenesis A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of cellulose and pectin-containing cell walls that form adjacent to the middle lamella following cell division and during cell expansion. An example of this is found in Arabidopsis thaliana. 32
GO:0072661 protein targeting to plasma membrane The process of directing proteins towards the plasma membrane; usually uses signals contained within the protein. 32
GO:0071311 cellular response to acetate Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an acetate stimulus. 32
GO:0042448 progesterone metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving progesterone, a steroid hormone produced in the ovary which prepares and maintains the uterus for pregnancy. Also found in plants. 32
GO:0046788 egress of virus within host cell The process of moving the (often) incomplete virion to the cell surface in order to be released from the cell. Egress can involve travel through the endoplasmic reticulum or cytoplasm and will often include final maturation stages of the virion, but it occurs entirely within the cell. 32
GO:0035349 coenzyme A transmembrane transport The process in which coenzyme A is transported from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Coenzyme A, 3'-phosphoadenosine-(5')diphospho(4')pantatheine, is an acyl carrier in many acylation and acyl-transfer reactions in which the intermediate is a thiol ester. 32
GO:0031146 SCF-dependent proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds, initiated by the covalent attachment of ubiquitin, with ubiquitin-protein ligation catalyzed by an SCF (Skp1/Cul1/F-box protein) complex, and mediated by the proteasome. 32
GO:0018894 dibenzo-p-dioxin metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving dibenzo-p-dioxin, a substance composed of two benzene rings linked by two ether bonds. Dibenzo-p-dioxins are generated as by-products in the manufacturing of herbicides, insecticides, fungicides, paper pulp bleaching, and in incineration, and can accumulate in milk and throughout the food chain, creating significant health concern. 32
GO:0000001 mitochondrion inheritance The distribution of mitochondria, including the mitochondrial genome, into daughter cells after mitosis or meiosis, mediated by interactions between mitochondria and the cytoskeleton. 32
GO:0051457 maintenance of protein location in nucleus Any process in which a protein is maintained in the nucleus and prevented from moving elsewhere. These include sequestration within the nucleus, protein stabilization to prevent transport elsewhere and the active retrieval of proteins that escape the nucleus. 32
GO:0048219 inter-Golgi cisterna vesicle-mediated transport The directed movement of substances from one Golgi cisterna to another, mediated by small transport vesicles. 32
GO:0006565 L-serine catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-serine, the L-enantiomer of serine, i.e. (2S)-2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoic acid. 32
GO:0034067 protein localization to Golgi apparatus A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within the Golgi apparatus. 32
GO:0008615 pyridoxine biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyridoxine, 2-methyl-3-hydroxy-4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)pyridine, one of the vitamin B6 compounds. 31
GO:0030049 muscle filament sliding The sliding of actin thin filaments and myosin thick filaments past each other in muscle contraction. This involves a process of interaction of myosin located on a thick filament with actin located on a thin filament. During this process ATP is split and forces are generated. 31
GO:0045493 xylan catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of xylan, a polymer containing a beta-1,4-linked D-xylose backbone. 31
GO:0046415 urate metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving urate, the anion of uric acid, 2,6,8-trioxypurine, the end product of purine metabolism in certain mammals and the main excretory product in uricotelic animals. 31
GO:0043390 aflatoxin B1 metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving aflatoxin B1, a potent hepatotoxic and hepatocarcinogenic mycotoxin produced by various species from the Aspergillus group of fungi. 31
GO:0046274 lignin catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lignins, a class of polymers of phenylpropanoid units. 31
GO:0010289 homogalacturonan biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the pectidic homogalacturonan, characterized by a backbone of (1->4)-linked alpha-D-GalpA residues that can be methyl-esterified at C-6 and carry acetyl groups on O-2 and O-3. 31
GO:0007416 synapse assembly The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a synapse. 31
GO:0018958 phenol-containing compound metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving a phenol, any compound containing one or more hydroxyl groups directly attached to an aromatic carbon ring. 31
GO:0046477 glycosylceramide catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycosylceramides, any compound formed by the replacement of the glycosidic hydroxyl group of a cyclic form of a monosaccharide (or derivative) by a ceramide group. 31
GO:0030198 extracellular matrix organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an extracellular matrix. 31
GO:0030150 protein import into mitochondrial matrix The import of proteins across the outer and inner mitochondrial membranes into the matrix. Unfolded proteins enter the mitochondrial matrix with a chaperone protein; the information required to target the precursor protein from the cytosol to the mitochondrial matrix is contained within its N-terminal matrix-targeting sequence. Translocation of precursors to the matrix occurs at the rare sites where the outer and inner membranes are close together. 31
GO:0009822 alkaloid catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of alkaloids, nitrogen containing natural products not otherwise classified as peptides, nonprotein amino acids, amines, cyanogenic glycosides, glucosinolates, cofactors, phytohormones or primary metabolites (such as purine or pyrimidine bases). 31
GO:0045037 protein import into chloroplast stroma The import of proteins into the chloroplast stroma. Import depends on ATP hydrolysis catalyzed by stromal chaperones. Chloroplast stromal proteins, such as the S subunit of rubisco, have a N-terminal stromal-import sequence of about 44 amino acids which is cleaved from the protein precursor after import. 31
GO:0048227 plasma membrane to endosome transport Transport of a vesicle from the plasma membrane to the endosome. 31
GO:0051220 cytoplasmic sequestering of protein The selective interaction of a protein with specific molecules in the cytoplasm, thereby inhibiting its transport into other areas of the cell. 30
GO:0009089 lysine biosynthetic process via diaminopimelate The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lysine, via the intermediate diaminopimelate. 30
GO:0006101 citrate metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving citrate, 2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboyxlate. Citrate is widely distributed in nature and is an important intermediate in the TCA cycle and the glyoxylate cycle. 30
GO:0070509 calcium ion import The directed movement of calcium ions into a cell or organelle. 30
GO:0007119 budding cell isotropic bud growth Unlocalized bud growth such that the entire surface of the bud expands evenly, in a cell that reproduces by budding. 30
GO:0048280 vesicle fusion with Golgi apparatus The joining of the lipid bilayer membrane around a vesicle to the lipid bilayer membrane around the Golgi. 30
GO:0030581 symbiont intracellular protein transport in host The directed movement of a symbiont's proteins within a cell of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. 30
GO:0008089 anterograde axon cargo transport The directed movement of organelles or molecules along microtubules from the cell body toward the cell periphery in nerve cell axons. 30
GO:0015940 pantothenate biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pantothenate, the anion of pantothenic acid. It is a B complex vitamin that is a constituent of coenzyme A and is distributed ubiquitously in foods. 30
GO:0001578 microtubule bundle formation A process that results in a parallel arrangement of microtubules. 30
GO:0042214 terpene metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving terpenes, any of a large group of hydrocarbons that are made up of isoprene (C5H8) units which may be cyclic, acyclic or multicyclic, saturated or unsaturated, and may contain various functional groups. 30
GO:0006542 glutamine biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glutamine, 2-amino-4-carbamoylbutanoic acid. 30
GO:0016973 poly(A)+ mRNA export from nucleus The directed movement of poly(A)+ mRNA out of the nucleus into the cytoplasm. 30
GO:0035080 heat shock-mediated polytene chromosome puffing The decondensing (loosening) and swelling of the chromosomal sites of heat shock genes on polytene chromosomes in response to a heat shock stimulus. 30
GO:0031525 menthol biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of menthol, the monoterpene 2-isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol. 30
GO:0051083 'de novo' cotranslational protein folding The process of assisting in the correct noncovalent assembly of the ribosome-bound nascent chains of a multidomain protein whilst other parts of the protein are still being translated. 30
GO:0006809 nitric oxide biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nitric oxide, nitrogen monoxide (NO), a colorless gas only slightly soluble in water. 30
GO:0009696 salicylic acid metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving of salicylic acid (2-hydroxybenzoic acid), a derivative of benzoic acid. 30
GO:0000903 regulation of cell shape during vegetative growth phase Any process that modulates the surface configuration of a cell during the vegetative growth phase. The vegetative growth phase is the growth phase during which single celled organisms reproduce by budding or other asexual methods. 30
GO:0007034 vacuolar transport The directed movement of substances into, out of or within a vacuole. 29
GO:0034221 fungal-type cell wall chitin biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cell wall chitin, a linear polysaccharide consisting of P-1,4-linked N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues, found in the walls of fungal cells. 29
GO:0000059 protein import into nucleus, docking A protein complex assembly process that contributes to protein import into the nucleus, and that results in the association of a cargo protein, a carrier protein such as an importin alpha/beta heterodimer, and a nucleoporin located at the periphery of the nuclear pore complex. 29
GO:0010070 zygote asymmetric cell division The division of the zygote into two daughter cells that will adopt developmentally distinct potentials. 29
GO:1901940 (-)-exo-alpha-bergamotene biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (-)-exo-alpha-bergamotene. 29
GO:0034514 mitochondrial unfolded protein response The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of the presence of unfolded proteins in the mitochondrial matrix; results in transcriptional upregulation of nuclear genes encoding mitochondrial stress proteins. 29
GO:0030702 chromatin silencing at centromere Repression of transcription of centromeric DNA by altering the structure of chromatin. 29
GO:0030148 sphingolipid biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sphingolipids, any of a class of lipids containing the long-chain amine diol sphingosine or a closely related base (a sphingoid). 29
GO:0043044 ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling Dynamic structural changes to eukaryotic chromatin that require energy from the hydrolysis of ATP, ranging from local changes necessary for transcriptional regulation to global changes necessary for chromosome segregation, mediated by ATP-dependent chromatin-remodelling factors. 29
GO:0009063 cellular amino acid catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of amino acids, organic acids containing one or more amino substituents. 29
GO:0016106 sesquiterpenoid biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sesquiterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with three isoprene units. 29
GO:0007280 pole cell migration The directed movement of a pole cell (germline progenitors in insects) from its site of production at the posterior pole of the embryo through to the site where the gonads will form. 29
GO:0051013 microtubule severing The process in which a microtubule is broken down into smaller segments. 29
GO:0016311 dephosphorylation The process of removing one or more phosphoric (ester or anhydride) residues from a molecule. 29
GO:0070727 cellular macromolecule localization Any process in which a macromolecule is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location at the level of a cell. Localization at the cellular level encompasses movement within the cell, from within the cell to the cell surface, or from one location to another at the surface of a cell. 29
GO:0030970 retrograde protein transport, ER to cytosol The directed movement of unfolded or misfolded proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum to the cytosol through the translocon. 29
GO:0010813 neuropeptide catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of neuropeptides. Neuropeptides are signaling peptides that travel across a synaptic junction. 29
GO:0040023 establishment of nucleus localization The directed movement of the nucleus to a specific location within a cell. 29
GO:0006997 nucleus organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the nucleus. 28
GO:0006083 acetate metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving acetate, the anion of acetic acid. 28
GO:0006572 tyrosine catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of tyrosine, an aromatic amino acid, 2-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid. 28
GO:1901943 (+)-epi-alpha-bisabolol biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (+)-epi-alpha-bisabolol. 28
GO:0097067 cellular response to thyroid hormone stimulus A change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a thyroid hormone stimulus. 28
GO:0006002 fructose 6-phosphate metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving fructose 6-phosphate, also known as F6P. The D-enantiomer is an important intermediate in glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, and fructose metabolism. 28
GO:0008299 isoprenoid biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any isoprenoid compound, isoprene (2-methylbuta-1,3-diene) or compounds containing or derived from linked isoprene (3-methyl-2-butenylene) residues. 28
GO:0009098 leucine biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of leucine, 2-amino-4-methylpentanoic acid. 28
GO:0043486 histone exchange The replacement, within chromatin, of resident histones or histone subunits with alternative, sometimes variant, histones or subunits. 28
GO:0006621 protein retention in ER lumen The retention in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumen of soluble resident proteins. Sorting receptors retrieve proteins with ER localization signals, such as KDEL and HDEL sequences or some transmembrane domains, that have escaped to the cis-Golgi network and return them to the ER. Abnormally folded proteins and unassembled subunits are also selectively retained in the ER. 28
GO:0008206 bile acid metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving bile acids, any of a group of steroid carboxylic acids occurring in bile, where they are present as the sodium salts of their amides with glycine or taurine. 27
GO:0000280 nuclear division The division of a cell nucleus into two nuclei, with DNA and other nuclear contents distributed between the daughter nuclei. 27
GO:0034314 Arp2/3 complex-mediated actin nucleation The actin nucleation process in which actin monomers combine to form a new branch on the side of an existing actin filament; mediated by the Arp2/3 protein complex and its interaction with other proteins. 27
GO:0042820 vitamin B6 catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any of the vitamin B6 compounds; pyridoxal, pyridoxamine and pyridoxine and the active form, pyridoxal phosphate. 27
GO:0009272 fungal-type cell wall biogenesis A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a fungal-type cell wall. The fungal-type cell wall contains beta-glucan and may contain chitin. 27
GO:0006526 arginine biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of arginine, 2-amino-5-(carbamimidamido)pentanoic acid. 27
GO:0090158 endoplasmic reticulum membrane organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an endoplasmic reticulum membrane. 27
GO:0006777 Mo-molybdopterin cofactor biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the Mo-molybdopterin cofactor, essential for the catalytic activity of some enzymes. The cofactor consists of a mononuclear molybdenum (Mo) ion coordinated by one or two molybdopterin ligands. 27
GO:0045055 regulated secretory pathway A process of exocytosis in which soluble proteins and other substances are initially stored in secretory vesicles for later release. It is found mainly in cells that are specialized for secreting products such as hormones, neurotransmitters, or digestive enzymes rapidly on demand. 27
GO:0071596 ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process via the N-end rule pathway The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide covalently tagged with ubiquitin, via the N-end rule pathway. In the N-end rule pathway, destabilizing N-terminal residues (N-degrons) in substrates are recognized by E3 ligases (N-recognins), whereupon the substrates are linked to ubiquitin and then delivered to the proteasome for degradation. 27
GO:0009969 xyloglucan biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of xyloglucan, the cross-linking glycan composed of (1->4)-beta-D glucan backbone substituted at regular intervals with beta-D-xylosyl-(1->6) residues, which is present in the primary cell wall of most higher plants. 27
GO:0043447 alkane biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an alkane, any acyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbon having the general formula CnH2n+2. 27
GO:0042821 pyridoxal biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 3-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methyl-4-pyridinecarboxaldehyde, one of the vitamin B6 compounds. 27
GO:0006588 activation of tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activity The process in which the tryptophan 5-monooxygenase enzyme is changed so that it can carry out its enzymatic activity. 27
GO:0009701 isoflavonoid phytoalexin biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of isoflavonoid phytoalexins, a group of water-soluble phenolic derivatives isomeric with flavonoids that possess antibiotic activity and are produced by plant tissues in response to infection. 27
GO:0051084 'de novo' posttranslational protein folding The process of assisting in the correct noncovalent folding of newly formed polypeptides or folding intermediates of polypeptides that have exited the ribosome and/or have been stabilized and transferred by other chaperone proteins. This process could involve several cycles of ATP hydrolysis. 26
GO:0071396 cellular response to lipid Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lipid stimulus. 26
GO:0030952 establishment or maintenance of cytoskeleton polarity Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of polarized cytoskeletal structures. 26
GO:0071768 mycolic acid biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of mycolic acids, beta-hydroxy fatty acids with a long alpha-alkyl side chain. 26
GO:0010686 tetracyclic triterpenoid biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tetracyclic triterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with six isoprene units and 4 carbon rings. 26
GO:0016568 chromatin modification The alteration of DNA, protein, or sometimes RNA, in chromatin, which may result in changing the chromatin structure. 26
GO:1901606 alpha-amino acid catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of an alpha-amino acid. 26
GO:0046459 short-chain fatty acid metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving fatty acids with a chain length of less than C6. 26
GO:0031268 pseudopodium organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a pseudopodium, a temporary protrusion or retractile process of a cell, associated with cellular movement. 26
GO:0006091 generation of precursor metabolites and energy The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of precursor metabolites, substances from which energy is derived, and any process involved in the liberation of energy from these substances. 25
GO:0009443 pyridoxal 5'-phosphate salvage Any process that generates pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, the active form of vitamin B6, from derivatives of it without de novo synthesis. 25
GO:0050993 dimethylallyl diphosphate metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving dimethylallyl diphosphate. 25
GO:0006407 rRNA export from nucleus The directed movement of rRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm; the rRNA is usually in the form of ribonucleoproteins. 25
GO:0071407 cellular response to organic cyclic compound Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an organic cyclic compound stimulus. 25
GO:0071560 cellular response to transforming growth factor beta stimulus Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a transforming growth factor beta stimulus. 25
GO:0051650 establishment of vesicle localization The directed movement of a vesicle to a specific location. 25
GO:0016559 peroxisome fission The division of a mature peroxisome within a cell to form two or more separate peroxisome compartments. 25
GO:0051156 glucose 6-phosphate metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucose 6-phosphate, a monophosphorylated derivative of glucose with the phosphate group attached to C-6. 25
GO:0043612 isoprene biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of isoprene, C5H8. 25
GO:0071852 fungal-type cell wall organization or biogenesis A process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a fungal-type cell wall. 25
GO:0035011 melanotic encapsulation of foreign target Formation of a multilayered, melanized sheath of cells around a foreign invader. 25
GO:0080136 priming of cellular response to stress The process that enables cells to respond in a more rapid and robust manner than nonprimed cells to much lower levels of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress. 25
GO:0051129 negative regulation of cellular component organization Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cell structures, including the plasma membrane and any external encapsulating structures such as the cell wall and cell envelope. 25
GO:0051014 actin filament severing The process in which an actin filament is broken down into smaller filaments. 25
GO:1901928 cadinene biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cadinene. 24
GO:0010263 tricyclic triterpenoid biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tricyclic triterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with 6 isoprene units and 3 carbon rings. 24
GO:0033365 protein localization to organelle A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within an organelle. 24
GO:1901937 beta-caryophyllene biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of beta-caryophyllene. 24
GO:0019264 glycine biosynthetic process from serine The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycine from other compounds, including serine. 24
GO:0031030 negative regulation of septation initiation signaling cascade Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of septation initiation signaling. 24
GO:0046653 tetrahydrofolate metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving tetrahydrofolate, 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolic acid, a folate derivative bearing additional hydrogens on the pterin group. 24
GO:0010631 epithelial cell migration The orderly movement of an epithelial cell from one site to another, often during the development of a multicellular organism. 24
GO:0033540 fatty acid beta-oxidation using acyl-CoA oxidase A fatty acid beta-oxidation pathway in which the initial step, which converts an acyl-CoA to a trans-2-enoyl-CoA, is catalyzed by acyl-CoA oxidase; the electrons removed by oxidation pass directly to oxygen and produce hydrogen peroxide, which is cleaved by peroxisomal catalases. Fatty acid beta-oxidation begins with the addition of coenzyme A to a fatty acid, and ends when only two or three carbons remain (as acetyl-CoA or propionyl-CoA respectively). 24
GO:0006117 acetaldehyde metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving acetaldehyde, a colorless, flammable liquid intermediate in the metabolism of alcohol. 24
GO:0071493 cellular response to UV-B Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a UV-B radiation stimulus. UV-B radiation (UV-B light) spans the wavelengths 290 to 320 nm. 24
GO:0048268 clathrin coat assembly The process that results in the assembly of clathrin triskelia into the ordered structure known as a clathrin cage. 24
GO:0097295 morphine biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of morphine, 17-methyl-7,8-didehydro-4,5alpha-epoxymorphinan-3,6alpha-diol. Morphine is a highly potent opiate analgesic psychoactive drug obtained form the opium poppy, Papaver somniferum. 24
GO:1901931 alpha-copaene biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of alpha-copaene. 24
GO:0051382 kinetochore assembly The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the kinetochore, a multisubunit complex that is located at the centromeric region of DNA and provides an attachment point for the spindle microtubules. 24
GO:0000054 ribosomal subunit export from nucleus The directed movement of a ribosomal subunit from the nucleus into the cytoplasm. 24
GO:0042866 pyruvate biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyruvate, 2-oxopropanoate. 23
GO:0000747 conjugation with cellular fusion A conjugation process that results in the union of cellular and genetic information from compatible mating types. An example of this process is found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 23
GO:0045022 early endosome to late endosome transport The directed movement of substances, in membrane-bounded vesicles, from the early sorting endosomes to the late sorting endosomes; transport occurs along microtubules and can be experimentally blocked with microtubule-depolymerizing drugs. 23
GO:0010417 glucuronoxylan biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucuronoxylan, a polymer containing a beta-1,4-linked D-xylose backbone substituted with glucuronic acid residues. 23
GO:0010620 negative regulation of transcription by transcription factor catabolism Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA-dependent transcription using a mechanism that involves the catabolism of a sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds, initiated by the covalent attachment of ubiquitin, and mediated by the proteasome. 23
GO:0071222 cellular response to lipopolysaccharide Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lipopolysaccharide stimulus; lipopolysaccharide is a major component of the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria. 23
GO:0010400 rhamnogalacturonan I side chain metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving the side chains of the pectin, rhamnogalacturonan I. 23
GO:0030473 nuclear migration along microtubule The directed movement of the nucleus along microtubules within the cell, mediated by motor proteins. 23
GO:0035924 cellular response to vascular endothelial growth factor stimulus Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vascular endothelial growth factor stimulus. 23
GO:0000105 histidine biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of histidine, 2-amino-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoic acid. 23
GO:0071347 cellular response to interleukin-1 Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-1 stimulus. 23
GO:0045041 protein import into mitochondrial intermembrane space The import of proteins into the space between the inner and outer mitochondrial membranes. 23
GO:0000266 mitochondrial fission The division of a mitochondrion within a cell to form two or more separate mitochondrial compartments. 23
GO:0016123 xanthophyll biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of xanthophylls, oxygen-containing carotenoids. 23
GO:0072592 oxygen metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving diatomic oxygen (O2). 23
GO:0006567 threonine catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of threonine (2-amino-3-hydroxybutyric acid), a polar, uncharged, essential amino acid found in peptide linkage in proteins. 23
GO:0071249 cellular response to nitrate Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nitrate stimulus. 23
GO:0016101 diterpenoid metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving diterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with four isoprene units. 23
GO:0019076 viral release from host cell The dissemination of mature viral particles from the host cell, e.g. by cell lysis or the budding of virus particles from the cell membrane. 23
GO:1901934 bicyclogermacrene biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of bicyclogermacrene. 23
GO:0006552 leucine catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of leucine, 2-amino-4-methylpentanoic acid. 23
GO:0051187 cofactor catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a cofactor, a substance that is required for the activity of an enzyme or other protein. 23
GO:0019500 cyanide catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cyanide, NC-, the anion of hydrocyanic acid. Cyanide is a potent inhibitor of respiration. 22
GO:0045040 protein import into mitochondrial outer membrane The process comprising the insertion of proteins from outside the organelle into the mitochondrial outer membrane, mediated by large outer membrane translocase complexes. 22
GO:0001561 fatty acid alpha-oxidation A metabolic pathway by which 3-methyl branched fatty acids are degraded. These compounds are not degraded by the normal peroxisomal beta-oxidation pathway, because the 3-methyl blocks the dehydrogenation of the hydroxyl group by hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase. The 3-methyl branched fatty acid is converted in several steps to pristenic acid, which can then feed into the beta-oxidative pathway. 22
GO:0008090 retrograde axon cargo transport The directed movement of organelles or molecules along microtubules from the cell periphery toward the cell body in nerve cell axons. 22
GO:0000103 sulfate assimilation The pathways by which inorganic sulfate is processed and incorporated into sulfated compounds. 22
GO:0051186 cofactor metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving a cofactor, a substance that is required for the activity of an enzyme or other protein. Cofactors may be inorganic, such as the metal atoms zinc, iron, and copper in certain forms, or organic, in which case they are referred to as coenzymes. Cofactors may either be bound tightly to active sites or bind loosely with the substrate. 22
GO:0071471 cellular response to non-ionic osmotic stress Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating an increase or decrease in the concentration of non-ionic solutes (e.g. mannitol, sorbitol) in the environment. 22
GO:0030206 chondroitin sulfate biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of chondroitin sulfate, any member of a group of 10-60 kDa glycosaminoglycans, widely distributed in cartilage and other mammalian connective tissues, the repeat units of which consist of beta-(1,4)-linked D-glucuronyl beta-(1,3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine sulfate. 22
GO:0006532 aspartate biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of aspartate, the anion derived from aspartic acid, 2-aminobutanedioic acid. 22
GO:0046856 phosphatidylinositol dephosphorylation The process of removing one or more phosphate groups from a phosphatidylinositol. 22
GO:0043603 cellular amide metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving an amide, any derivative of an oxoacid in which an acidic hydroxy group has been replaced by an amino or substituted amino group, as carried out by individual cells. 22
GO:0015994 chlorophyll metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving chlorophyll, any compound of magnesium complexed in a porphyrin (tetrapyrrole) ring and which functions as a photosynthetic pigment. 22
GO:0034728 nucleosome organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of one or more nucleosomes. 22
GO:0042737 drug catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a drug, a substance used in the diagnosis, treatment or prevention of a disease. 22
GO:0019877 diaminopimelate biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of diaminopimelate, both as an intermediate in lysine biosynthesis and as a component (as meso-diaminopimelate) of the peptidoglycan of Gram-negative bacterial cell walls. 22
GO:0071423 malate transmembrane transport A process in which a malate ion is transported from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. 22
GO:0034755 iron ion transmembrane transport A process in which an iron ion is transported from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. 22
GO:0009239 enterobactin biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of enterobactin, a catechol-derived siderochrome of Enterobacteria; enterobactin (N',N',N''-(2,6,10-trioxo-1,5,9-triacyclodecane-3,7,11-triyl)tris(2,3-dihydroxy)benzamide) is a self-triester of 2,3-dihydroxy-N-benzoyl-L-serine and a product of the shikimate pathway. 21
GO:0036245 cellular response to menadione Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a menadione stimulus. Menadione (also called vitamin K3) is a naphthoquinone having a methyl substituent at the 2-position. 21
GO:0030031 cell projection assembly Formation of a prolongation or process extending from a cell, e.g. a flagellum or axon. 21
GO:0045841 negative regulation of mitotic metaphase/anaphase transition Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the mitotic metaphase to anaphase transition. 21
GO:0009257 10-formyltetrahydrofolate biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 10-formyltetrahydrofolate, the formylated derivative of tetrahydrofolate. 21
GO:0006699 bile acid biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of bile acids, any of a group of steroid carboxylic acids occurring in bile. 21
GO:0032438 melanosome organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a melanosome. A melanosome is a tissue-specific, membrane-bounded cytoplasmic organelle within which melanin pigments are synthesized and stored. 21
GO:0032507 maintenance of protein location in cell Any process in which a protein is maintained in a specific location within, or in the membrane of, a cell, and is prevented from moving elsewhere. 21
GO:0070814 hydrogen sulfide biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hydrogen sulfide, H2S. 21
GO:0019439 aromatic compound catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of aromatic compounds, any substance containing an aromatic carbon ring. 20
GO:0010991 negative regulation of SMAD protein complex assembly Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of SMAD protein complex assembly. SMAD protein complex assembly is the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a protein complex that contains SMAD proteins. 20
GO:0090005 negative regulation of establishment of protein localization to plasma membrane Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a protein to a specific location in the plasma membrane. 20
GO:0030032 lamellipodium assembly Formation of a lamellipodium, a thin sheetlike extension of the surface of a migrating cell. 20
GO:0061246 establishment or maintenance of bipolar cell polarity regulating cell shape Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of a bipolar intracellular organization or cell growth patterns that regulates the shaping of a cell. 20
GO:0071241 cellular response to inorganic substance Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an inorganic substance stimulus. 20
GO:0016458 gene silencing Any transcriptional or post-transcriptional process carried out at the cellular level that results in long-term gene inactivation. 20
GO:0033363 secretory granule organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a secretory granule. A secretory granule is a small subcellular vesicle, surrounded by a membrane, that is formed from the Golgi apparatus and contains a highly concentrated protein destined for secretion. 20
GO:0033539 fatty acid beta-oxidation using acyl-CoA dehydrogenase A fatty acid beta-oxidation pathway in which the initial step of each oxidation cycle, which converts an acyl-CoA to a trans-2-enoyl-CoA, is catalyzed by acyl-CoA dehydrogenase; the electrons removed by oxidation pass through the respiratory chain to oxygen and leave H2O as the product. Fatty acid beta-oxidation begins with the addition of coenzyme A to a fatty acid, and ends when only two or three carbons remain (as acetyl-CoA or propionyl-CoA respectively). 20
GO:0048790 maintenance of presynaptic active zone structure The process in which a neuronal cell maintains the organization and the arrangement of proteins at the active zone to ensure the fusion and dock of vesicles and the release of neurotransmitters. 20
GO:0035526 retrograde transport, plasma membrane to Golgi The directed movement of substances from the plasma membrane back to the trans-Golgi network, mediated by vesicles. 20
GO:0052543 callose deposition in cell wall Any process in which callose is transported to, and/or maintained in, the cell wall. Callose is a linear 1,3-beta-d-glucan formed from UDP-glucose and is found in certain plant cell walls. 20
GO:0034205 beta-amyloid formation The generation of beta-amyloid by cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein (APP). 20
GO:0042766 nucleosome mobilization The movement of nucleosomes along a DNA fragment. 20
GO:0001523 retinoid metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving retinoids, any member of a class of isoprenoids that contain or are derived from four prenyl groups linked head-to-tail. Retinoids include retinol and retinal and structurally similar natural derivatives or synthetic compounds, but need not have vitamin A activity. 20
GO:0043149 stress fiber assembly The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a stress fiber. A stress fiber is a contractile actin filament bundle that consists of short actin filaments with alternating polarity. 20
GO:0019499 cyanide metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving cyanide, NC-, the anion of hydrocyanic acid. Cyanide is a potent inhibitor of respiration, reacting with the ferric form of cytochrome aa3 and thus blocking the electron transport chain. 20
GO:0046292 formaldehyde metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving formaldehyde (methanal, H2C=O), a colorless liquid or gas with a pungent odor, commonly used as a fixative or an antibacterial agent. 20
GO:0017000 antibiotic biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an antibiotic, a substance produced by or derived from certain fungi, bacteria, and other organisms, that can destroy or inhibit the growth of other microorganisms. 20
GO:0006782 protoporphyrinogen IX biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of protoporphyrinogen IX. 20
GO:0034504 protein localization to nucleus A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within the nucleus. 20
GO:0035435 phosphate ion transmembrane transport The directed movement of phosphate across a membrane by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. 20
GO:0001887 selenium compound metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving compounds that contain selenium, such as selenocysteine. 19
GO:0080119 ER body organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation of ER (endoplasmic reticulum) body. ER body is a compartment found in plant cells that is derived from the ER. The structures have a characteristic shape and size (10 mm long and 0.5 mm wide) and are surrounded with ribosomes. They have been found in Arabidopsis thaliana and related Brassicaceae species. 19
GO:0006893 Golgi to plasma membrane transport The directed movement of substances from the Golgi to the plasma membrane in transport vesicles that move from the trans-Golgi network to the plasma membrane, where they fuse and release their contents by exocytosis. 19
GO:0045324 late endosome to vacuole transport The directed movement of substances from late endosomes to the vacuole. In yeast, after transport to the prevacuolar compartment, endocytic content is delivered to the late endosome and on to the vacuole. This pathway is analogous to endosome to lysosome transport. 19
GO:0050900 leukocyte migration The movement of a leukocyte within or between different tissues and organs of the body. 19
GO:0006793 phosphorus metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving the nonmetallic element phosphorus or compounds that contain phosphorus, usually in the form of a phosphate group (PO4). 19
GO:0051383 kinetochore organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the kinetochore, a multisubunit complex that is located at the centromeric region of DNA and provides an attachment point for the spindle microtubules. 19
GO:0070574 cadmium ion transmembrane transport A process in which a cadmium ion is transported from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. 19
GO:0033585 L-phenylalanine biosynthetic process from chorismate via phenylpyruvate The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-phenylalanine from other compounds, including chorismate, via the intermediate phenylpyruvate. 19
GO:0070194 synaptonemal complex disassembly The controlled breakdown of a synaptonemal complex. 19
GO:0010192 mucilage biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of mucilage, a gelatinous substance secreted by plants. 19
GO:0048208 COPII vesicle coating The addition of COPII proteins and adaptor proteins to ER membranes during the formation of transport vesicles, forming a vesicle coat. 19
GO:0044242 cellular lipid catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lipids, as carried out by individual cells. 19
GO:0006595 polyamine metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving polyamines, any organic compound containing two or more amino groups. 19
GO:0034329 cell junction assembly A cellular process that results in the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a cell junction. 19
GO:0006105 succinate metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving succinate, also known as butanedioate or ethane dicarboxylate, the dianion of succinic acid. Succinate is an important intermediate in metabolism and a component of the TCA cycle. 19
GO:0019632 shikimate metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving shikimate, (3R,4S,5R)--3,4,5-trihydroxycyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxylate, the anion of shikimic acid. It is an important intermediate in the biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids. 19
GO:0006610 ribosomal protein import into nucleus The directed movement of a ribosomal protein from the cytoplasm into the nucleus, across the nuclear membrane. 19
GO:0035047 centrosomal and pronuclear rotation The rotation of centrosomes and associated pronuclei in one-cell embryos such as those of Caenorhabditis elegans, occurring as a transition between pronuclear migration and pronuclear fusion. 18
GO:0010306 rhamnogalacturonan II biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of rhamnogalacturonan II, a low molecular mass (5 - 10KDa) pectic polysaccharide, conserved in the primary walls of dicotyledenous and monocotyledenous plants and gymnosperms. 18
GO:0071229 cellular response to acid Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an acid stimulus. 18
GO:0032060 bleb assembly The assembly of a bleb, a cell extension characterized by rapid formation, rounded shape, and scarcity of organelles within the protrusions. 18
GO:0031115 negative regulation of microtubule polymerization Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule polymerization. 18
GO:0071435 potassium ion export The directed movement of potassium ions out of a cell or organelle. 18
GO:0046248 alpha-pinene biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of alpha-pinene, a monoterpene that may be a significant factor affecting bacterial activities in nature. 18
GO:0009231 riboflavin biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of riboflavin (vitamin B2), the precursor for the coenzymes flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD). 18
GO:0035445 borate transmembrane transport The directed movement of borate across a membrane by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Borate is the anion (BO3)3-; boron is a group 13 element, with properties which are borderline between metals and non-metals. 18
GO:0046951 ketone body biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ketone bodies, any one of the three substances: acetoacetate, D-3-hydroxybutyrate (beta-hydroxybutyrate) or acetone. Biosynthesis involves the formation of hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA, which is cleaved to acetate and acetyl-CoA. 18
GO:0035195 gene silencing by miRNA Downregulation of gene expression through the action of microRNAs (miRNAs), endogenous 21-24 nucleotide small RNAs processed from stem-loop RNA precursors (pre-miRNAs). Once incorporated into a RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), miRNAs can downregulate gene expression by either of two posttranscriptional mechanisms: mRNA cleavage or translational repression. 18
GO:0048312 intracellular distribution of mitochondria Any process that establishes the spatial arrangement of mitochondria within the cell. 18
GO:0006999 nuclear pore organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the nuclear pore. 18
GO:0008205 ecdysone metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving ecdysone, (22R)-2-beta,3-beta,14,22,25-pentahydroxycholest-7-en-6-one, an ecdysteroid found in insects. It is the inactive prohormone of the moulting hormone ecdysterone and may have intrinsic hormonal activity at other stages of insect development. 18
GO:0007041 lysosomal transport The directed movement of substances into, out of or within a lysosome. 18
GO:0042218 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate, a natural product found in plant tissues. It is a key intermediate in the biosynthesis of ethylene (ethene), a fruit-ripening hormone in plants. 18
GO:0043171 peptide catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of peptides, compounds of 2 or more (but usually less than 100) amino acids where the alpha carboxyl group of one is bound to the alpha amino group of another. 18
GO:0071329 cellular response to sucrose stimulus Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a sucrose stimulus. 18
GO:0001766 membrane raft polarization The clustering and aggregation of membrane rafts at a single cellular pole during activation of particular cell types, such as lymphocytes. 18
GO:0045226 extracellular polysaccharide biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of polysaccharides used in extracellular structures. 18
GO:0060271 cilium morphogenesis A process that is carried out at the cellular level and in which the structure of a cilium is organized. 18
GO:0030834 regulation of actin filament depolymerization Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the disassembly of actin filaments by the removal of actin monomers from a filament. 18
GO:0006573 valine metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving valine, 2-amino-3-methylbutanoic acid. 18
GO:0051649 establishment of localization in cell The directed movement of a substance or cellular entity, such as a protein complex or organelle, to a specific location within, or in the membrane of, a cell. 18
GO:0070359 actin polymerization-dependent cell motility involved in migration of symbiont in host A process involved in the controlled movement of a bacterial cell within a host cell, powered by the continuous polymerization of host actin at one pole of the cell. 18
GO:0006750 glutathione biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glutathione, the tripeptide glutamylcysteinylglycine, which acts as a coenzyme for some enzymes and as an antioxidant in the protection of sulfhydryl groups in enzymes and other proteins. 18
GO:0071384 cellular response to corticosteroid stimulus Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a corticosteroid hormone stimulus. A corticosteroid is a steroid hormone that is produced in the adrenal cortex. Corticosteroids are involved in a wide range of physiologic systems such as stress response, immune response and regulation of inflammation, carbohydrate metabolism, protein catabolism, blood electrolyte levels, and behavior. They include glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids. 17
GO:0051654 establishment of mitochondrion localization The directed movement of the mitochondrion to a specific location. 17
GO:0019627 urea metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving urea, the water soluble compound O=C-(NH2)2. 17
GO:1901872 ecgonone methyl ester biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ecgonone methyl ester. 17
GO:0019563 glycerol catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycerol, 1,2,3-propanetriol, a sweet, hygroscopic, viscous liquid, widely distributed in nature as a constituent of many lipids. 17
GO:0042554 superoxide anion generation The enzymatic generation of superoxide, the superoxide anion O2- (superoxide free radical), or any compound containing this species, by a cell in response to environmental stress, thereby mediating the activation of various stress-inducible signaling pathways. 17
GO:0071990 maintenance of protein location in spindle pole body Any process in which a protein is maintained in a specific location at the spindle pole body, and is prevented from moving elsewhere. 17
GO:0000743 nuclear migration involved in conjugation with cellular fusion The net movement of nuclei towards one another as a prelude to karyogamy in organisms undergoing conjugation with cellular fusion. 17
GO:0006124 ferredoxin metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving ferredoxin, any simple, nonenzymatic iron-sulfur protein that is characterized by having equal numbers of atoms of iron and labile sulfur. Iron and sulfur atoms are present in one or two clusters of two or four atoms of each. 17
GO:0009685 gibberellin metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving gibberellin. Gibberellins are a class of highly modified terpenes that function as plant growth regulators. 17
GO:0016488 farnesol catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the sesquiterpenoid alcohol farnesol, 3,7,11-trimethyl-2,6,10,dodecatrien-1-ol. 17
GO:0034620 cellular response to unfolded protein Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an unfolded protein stimulus. 17
GO:0019605 butyrate metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving any butyrate, the anions of butyric acid (butanoic acid), a saturated, unbranched aliphatic acid. 17
GO:0010189 vitamin E biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of vitamin E, tocopherol, which includes a series of eight structurally similar compounds. Alpha-tocopherol is the most active form in humans and is a powerful biological antioxidant. 17
GO:0071473 cellular response to cation stress Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of cation stress, an increase or decrease in the concentration of positively charged ions in the environment. 17
GO:0043206 extracellular fibril organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of extracellular fibrils, extracellular matrix material consisting of polysaccharides and/or proteins. 17
GO:0043308 eosinophil degranulation The regulated exocytosis of secretory granules containing preformed mediators such as major basic protein, eosinophil peroxidase, and eosinophil cationic protein by an eosinophil. 17
GO:0019896 axon transport of mitochondrion The directed movement of mitochondria along microtubules in nerve cell axons. 17
GO:0035044 sperm aster formation Formation and organization of an aster composed of microtubule arrays originating from the sperm basal body and extending virtually to the egg periphery. The sperm aster ensures the appropriate positioning of the male and female pronuclei. 17
GO:1901871 ecgonone methyl ester catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ecgonone methyl ester. 17
GO:0071258 cellular response to gravity Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a gravitational stimulus. 17
GO:0034063 stress granule assembly The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and RNA molecules to form a stress granule. 17
GO:1901869 ecgonine methyl ester biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ecgonine methyl ester. 17
GO:0009069 serine family amino acid metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving amino acids of the serine family, comprising cysteine, glycine, homoserine, selenocysteine and serine. 17
GO:0071356 cellular response to tumor necrosis factor Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a tumor necrosis factor stimulus. 17
GO:0006592 ornithine biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ornithine, an amino acid only rarely found in proteins, but which is important in living organisms as an intermediate in the reactions of the urea cycle and in arginine biosynthesis. 17
GO:0019676 ammonia assimilation cycle The pathway by which ammonia is processed and incorporated into a cell. In an energy-rich (glucose-containing), nitrogen-poor environment, glutamine synthetase and glutamate synthase form an ammonia assimilatory cycle, in which ammonia is incorporated into L-glutamate to form L-glutamine, which then combines with alpha-ketoglutarate to regenerate L-glutamate. This ATP-dependent cycle is essential for nitrogen-limited growth and for steady-state growth with some sources of nitrogen. 17
GO:0030388 fructose 1,6-bisphosphate metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving fructose 1,6-bisphosphate, also known as FBP. The D enantiomer is a metabolic intermediate in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. 17
GO:0007000 nucleolus organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the nucleolus. 17
GO:0035088 establishment or maintenance of apical/basal cell polarity Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance polarization of a cell's architecture along its apical/basal axis so that the apical and basal regions of the cell have different membrane, extracellular matrix and sub-membrane cellular components. 17
GO:0051642 centrosome localization Any process in which a centrosome is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within the cell. 17
GO:0051693 actin filament capping The binding of a protein or protein complex to the end of an actin filament, thus preventing the addition, exchange or removal of further actin subunits. 17
GO:0019068 virion assembly A late phase of viral replication during which all the components necessary for the formation of a mature virion collect at a particular site in the cell and the basic structure of the virus particle is formed. 17
GO:0007097 nuclear migration The directed movement of the nucleus. 17
GO:0051668 localization within membrane Any process in which a substance or cellular entity, such as a protein complex or organelle, is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within a membrane. 17
GO:0006591 ornithine metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving ornithine, an amino acid only rarely found in proteins, but which is important in living organisms as an intermediate in the reactions of the urea cycle and in arginine biosynthesis. 17
GO:1901868 ecgonine methyl ester catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ecgonine methyl ester. 17
GO:0019061 uncoating of virus A general term applied to the events that occur after penetration; refers to the 'uncoating' of the viral genome from the nucleocapsid core. 17
GO:0035038 female pronucleus assembly Assembly of the haploid nucleus of the unfertilized egg. 17
GO:0043694 monoterpene catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of monoterpenes, terpenes with a C10 structure. 17
GO:0071379 cellular response to prostaglandin stimulus Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a prostagladin stimulus. 17
GO:0021799 cerebral cortex radially oriented cell migration The migration of cells in the developing cerebral cortex in which cells move from the ventricular and/or subventricular zone toward the surface of the brain. 17
GO:0097178 ruffle assembly The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a ruffle, a projection at the leading edge of a crawling cell; the protrusions are supported by a microfilament meshwork. The formation of ruffles (also called membrane ruffling) is thought to be controlled by a group of enzymes known as Rho GTPases, specifically RhoA, Rac1 and cdc42. 17
GO:0045576 mast cell activation The change in morphology and behavior of a mast cell resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, soluble factor, or to (at least in mammals) an antigen which the mast cell has specifically bound via IgE bound to Fc-epsilonRI receptors. 16
GO:0046656 folic acid biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of folic acid, pteroylglutamic acid. 16
GO:0071485 cellular response to absence of light Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an absence of light stimuli. 16
GO:0016237 microautophagy The transfer of cytosolic components into the lysosomal compartment by direct invagination of the lysosomal membrane without prior sequestration into an autophagosome. The engulfing membranes fuse, resulting in the lysosomal delivery of the cargo wrapped in a single membrane derived from the invaginated lysosomal membrane. In S. cerevisiae, the vacuole is the lysosomal compartment. 16
GO:0006627 protein processing involved in protein targeting to mitochondrion The cleavage of peptide bonds in proteins, usually near the N terminus, contributing to the process of import into the mitochondrion. Several different peptidases mediate cleavage of proteins destined for different mitochondrial compartments. 16
GO:0034638 phosphatidylcholine catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phosphatidylcholines, any of a class of glycerophospholipids in which the phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxyl group of choline. 16
GO:0006003 fructose 2,6-bisphosphate metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving fructose 2,6-bisphosphate. The D enantiomer is an important regulator of the glycolytic and gluconeogenic pathways. It inhibits fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase and activates phosphofructokinase. 16
GO:0043602 nitrate catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nitrates, inorganic or organic salts and esters of nitric acid. 16
GO:0046513 ceramide biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ceramides, any N-acylated sphingoid. 16
GO:0006714 sesquiterpenoid metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving sesquiterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with three isoprene units. 16
GO:0072329 monocarboxylic acid catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of monocarboxylic acids, any organic acid containing one carboxyl (-COOH) group. 16
GO:0006081 cellular aldehyde metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving aldehydes, any organic compound with the formula R-CH=O, as carried out by individual cells. 16
GO:0044275 cellular carbohydrate catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y, as carried out by individual cells. 16
GO:0034975 protein folding in endoplasmic reticulum A protein folding process that takes place in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Secreted, plasma membrane and organelle proteins are folded in the ER, assisted by chaperones and foldases (protein disulphide isomerases), and additional factors required for optimal folding (ATP, Ca2+ and an oxidizing environment to allow disulfide bond formation). 16
GO:0046655 folic acid metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving folic acid, pteroylglutamic acid. Folic acid is widely distributed as a member of the vitamin B complex and is essential for the synthesis of purine and pyrimidines. 16
GO:0071712 ER-associated misfolded protein catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of misfolded proteins transported from the endoplasmic reticulum and targeted to cytoplasmic proteasomes for degradation. 16
GO:0090385 phagosome-lysosome fusion The creation of a phagolysosome from a phagosome and a lysosome. 16
GO:0071267 L-methionine salvage Any process that generates L-methionine from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis. 16
GO:0030030 cell projection organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a prolongation or process extending from a cell, e.g. a flagellum or axon. 16
GO:0007043 cell-cell junction assembly The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a junction between cells. 16
GO:0071616 acyl-CoA biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acyl-CoA, any derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is in thiolester linkage with an acyl group. 16
GO:0009423 chorismate biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the unsymmetrical ether derived from phosphoenolpyruvate and 5-phosphoshikimic acid formed as an intermediate in the biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids and many other compounds. 16
GO:0000042 protein targeting to Golgi The process of directing proteins towards the Golgi; usually uses signals contained within the protein. 16
GO:0051169 nuclear transport The directed movement of substances into, out of, or within the nucleus. 15
GO:0051790 short-chain fatty acid biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of fatty acids with a chain length of less than C6. 15
GO:0072384 organelle transport along microtubule The directed movement of an organelle along a microtubule, mediated by motor proteins. This process begins with the attachment of an organelle to a microtubule, and ends when the organelle reaches its final destination. 15
GO:1901599 (-)-pinoresinol biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (-)-pinoresinol. 15
GO:0033076 isoquinoline alkaloid metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving isoquinoline alkaloids, alkaloid compounds that contain bicyclic N-containing aromatic rings and are derived from a 3,4-dihydroxytyramine (dopamine) precursor that undergoes a Schiff base addition with aldehydes of different origin. 15
GO:0051683 establishment of Golgi localization The directed movement of the Golgi to a specific location. 15
GO:0006551 leucine metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving leucine, 2-amino-4-methylpentanoic acid. 15
GO:0030011 maintenance of cell polarity The maintenance of established anisotropic intracellular organization or cell growth patterns. 15
GO:0030397 membrane disassembly The controlled breakdown of any cell membrane in the context of a normal process such as autophagy. 15
GO:0061370 testosterone biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of testosterone, an androgen having 17beta-hydroxy and 3-oxo groups, together with unsaturation at C-4 C-5. 15
GO:0035099 hemocyte migration The directed movement of a hemocyte within the embryo. Hemocytes are blood cells associated with a hemocoel (the cavity containing most of the major organs of the arthropod body) which are involved in defense and clotting of hemolymph, but not involved in transport of oxygen. In Drosophila, embryonic hemocytes originate from the head mesoderm as a cluster of cells. The cluster splits into two and one group of cells crosses the amnioserosa. Both populations then spread toward the middle of the embryo and then disperse evenly throughout the embryo. 15
GO:0006646 phosphatidylethanolamine biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phosphatidylethanolamine, any of a class of glycerophospholipids in which a phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxyl group of ethanolamine. 15
GO:0043297 apical junction assembly The formation of an apical junction, a functional unit located near the cell apex at the points of contact between epithelial cells composed of the tight junction, the zonula adherens junction and the desmosomes, by the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of its constituents. 15
GO:0071422 succinate transmembrane transport A process in which a succinate ion is transported from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. 15
GO:0006071 glycerol metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycerol, 1,2,3-propanetriol, a sweet, hygroscopic, viscous liquid, widely distributed in nature as a constituent of many lipids. 15
GO:0006568 tryptophan metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving tryptophan, the chiral amino acid 2-amino-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoic acid. 15
GO:0022027 interkinetic nuclear migration The movement of the nucleus of the ventricular zone cell between the apical and the basal zone surfaces. Mitosis occurs when the nucleus is near the apical surface, that is, the lumen of the ventricle. 15
GO:0036101 leukotriene B4 catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of leukotriene B4, a leukotriene composed of (6Z,8E,10E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoic acid having (5S)- and (12R)-hydroxy substituents. 15
GO:0042256 mature ribosome assembly The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of the large and small ribosomal subunits into a functional ribosome. 15
GO:0031990 mRNA export from nucleus in response to heat stress The directed movement of mRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm during a heat stimulus, a temperature stimulus above the optimal temperature for the organism; in particular, a process that enables an organism withstand exposure to temperatures that would otherwise lethally impair poly(A)+ mRNA-nucleus export. 15
GO:0044011 single-species biofilm formation on inanimate substrate A process in which microorganisms of the same species attach to and grow on an inanimate surface such as a rock or pipe, and produce extracellular polymers that facilitate attachment and matrix formation, resulting in an alteration in the phenotype of the organisms with respect to growth rate and gene transcription. 15
GO:0080162 intracellular auxin transport The directed movement of auxins within a cell. Auxins are a group of plant hormones that regulates aspects of plant growth. 15
GO:0002551 mast cell chemotaxis The movement of a mast cell in response to an external stimulus. 15
GO:0071459 protein localization to chromosome, centromeric region Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, the centromeric region of a chromosome. 15
GO:0006538 glutamate catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamate, the anion of 2-aminopentanedioic acid. 15
GO:0008078 mesodermal cell migration The orderly movement of mesodermal cells from one site to another. 15
GO:0046487 glyoxylate metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving glyoxylate, the anion of glyoxylic acid, HOC-COOH. 15
GO:0006075 (1->3)-beta-D-glucan biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (1->3)-beta-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-beta-D-glucosidic bonds. 15
GO:0010111 glyoxysome organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the glyoxysome. A glyoxysome is a microbody that contains the enzymes of the glyoxylate pathway. 15
GO:0035999 tetrahydrofolate interconversion The chemical reactions and pathways by which one-carbon (C1) units are transferred between tetrahydrofolate molecules, to synthesise other tetrahydrofolate molecules. 15
GO:0090387 phagolysosome assembly involved in apoptotic cell clearance The process in which a phagosome, a vesicle formed by phagocytosis, fuses with a lysosome as a part of apoptotic cell clearance. 15
GO:0033611 oxalate catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of oxalate, the organic acid ethanedioate. 15
GO:0046847 filopodium assembly The assembly of a filopodium, a thin, stiff protrusion extended by the leading edge of a motile cell such as a crawling fibroblast or amoeba, or an axonal growth cone. 15
GO:0042840 D-glucuronate catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-glucuronate, the D-enantiomer of glucuronate. 15
GO:0006015 5-phosphoribose 1-diphosphate biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 5-phosphoribose 1-diphosphate, also known as 5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate. 15
GO:0034754 cellular hormone metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving any hormone, naturally occurring substances secreted by specialized cells that affects the metabolism or behavior of other cells possessing functional receptors for the hormone, as carried out by individual cells. 14
GO:0043436 oxoacid metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving any oxoacid; an oxoacid is a compound which contains oxygen, at least one other element, and at least one hydrogen bound to oxygen, and which produces a conjugate base by loss of positive hydrogen ion(s) (hydrons). 14
GO:0035212 cell competition in a multicellular organism Competitive interactions within multicellular organisms between cell populations that differ in growth rates, leading to the elimination of the slowest-growing cells. 14
GO:0034517 ribophagy The process in which cells degrade mature ribosomes under conditions of starvation. 14
GO:0019379 sulfate assimilation, phosphoadenylyl sulfate reduction by phosphoadenylyl-sulfate reductase (thioredoxin) The pathway by which inorganic sulfate is processed and incorporated into sulfated compounds, where the phosphoadenylyl sulfate reduction step is catalyzed by the enzyme phosphoadenylyl-sulfate reductase (thioredoxin) (EC:1.8.4.8). 14
GO:0051126 negative regulation of actin nucleation Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of actin nucleation, the initial step in the formation of an actin filament in which actin monomers combine to form a new filament. 14
GO:0019484 beta-alanine catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of beta-alanine (3-aminopropanoic acid), an achiral amino acid and an isomer of alanine. It occurs free (e.g. in brain) and in combination (e.g. in pantothenate) but it is not a constituent of proteins. 14
GO:0010136 ureide catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ureide, which is the organic form of nitrogen in nitrogen fixing and transporting plants with the release of ammonium. 14
GO:0034503 protein localization to nucleolar rDNA repeats Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, the rDNA repeats on a chromosome in the nucleolus. 14
GO:1901605 alpha-amino acid metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving an alpha-amino acid. 14
GO:0071294 cellular response to zinc ion Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a zinc ion stimulus. 14
GO:0071629 cytoplasm-associated proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of misfolded proteins in the cytoplasm, which are targeted to cytoplasmic proteasomes for degradation. 14
GO:0009442 allantoin assimilation pathway The pathways by which allantoin is processed and converted to ureidoglycolate, and then into metabolically useful substrates. E. coli are able to utilize allantoin as a sole nitrogen source under anaerobic conditions by converting it to ureidoglycolate; this may be further metabolized to produce glyoxylate and thence 3-phosphoglycerate, or alternatively oxidized to oxolureate, which can converted into oxamate and carbamoylphosphate. This may then be further metabolized to CO2, NH4+ and ATP. 14
GO:0046359 butyrate catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of butyrate, the anion of butyric acid. 14
GO:0070584 mitochondrion morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of a mitochondrion are generated and organized. 14
GO:0031204 posttranslational protein targeting to membrane, translocation The process in which a protein translocates through the ER membrane posttranslationally. 14
GO:0003374 dynamin polymerization involved in mitochondrial fission The process of creating dynamin polymers, compounds composed of a large number of dynamin monomers around a lipid tube of a dividing mitochondrion. Dynamin polymers form around lipid tubes and contribute to membrane fission. 14
GO:0017145 stem cell division The self-renewing division of a stem cell. A stem cell is an undifferentiated cell, in the embryo or adult, that can undergo unlimited division and give rise to one or several different cell types. 14
GO:0072671 mitochondria-associated protein catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of proteins transported from mitochondria and targeted to cytoplasmic proteasomes for degradation as a response to oxidative stress conditions. 14
GO:0090135 actin filament branching The formation of daughter actin filament branches at an angle on the sides of preexisting mother filaments. 14
GO:0090149 membrane fission involved in mitochondrial fission A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the separation of a single continuous mitochondrial membrane into two membranes and contributes to mitochondrial fission. 14
GO:0006571 tyrosine biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tyrosine, an aromatic amino acid, 2-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid. 14
GO:0016320 endoplasmic reticulum membrane fusion The joining of 2 or more lipid bilayer membranes that surround the endoplasmic reticulum. 14
GO:0010215 cellulose microfibril organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cellulose microfibril, any of the cellulose structures laid down in orthogonal layers in a plant cell wall. 14
GO:0007174 epidermal growth factor catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of epidermal growth factor (EGF), following internalization of the receptor-bound ligand into the signal-receiving cell. Full breakdown of epidermal growth factor results in a ligand that is unable to bind and activate its receptor. 14
GO:0061166 establishment of endoplasmic reticulum localization involved in endoplasmic reticulum polarization at cell division site The directed movement of the endoplasmic reticulum to the site where a cell will divide. 14
GO:0071364 cellular response to epidermal growth factor stimulus Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an epidermal growth factor stimulus. 14
GO:0009247 glycolipid biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycolipid, a class of 1,2-di-O-acylglycerols joined at oxygen 3 by a glycosidic linkage to a carbohydrate part (usually a mono-, di- or tri-saccharide). 14
GO:0009250 glucan biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucans, polysaccharides consisting only of glucose residues. 14
GO:0010593 negative regulation of lamellipodium assembly Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the formation of a lamellipodium, a thin sheetlike extension of the surface of a migrating cell. 14
GO:0019852 L-ascorbic acid metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving L-ascorbic acid, (2R)-2-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-4-hydroxy-5-oxo-2,5-dihydrofuran-3-olate; L-ascorbic acid is vitamin C and has co-factor and anti-oxidant activities in many species. 14
GO:0042407 cristae formation The assembly of cristae, the inwards folds of the inner mitochondrial membrane. 14
GO:0046356 acetyl-CoA catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetyl-CoA, a derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is acetylated. 14
GO:0046512 sphingosine biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sphingosine (sphing-4-enine), trans-D-erytho-2-amino-octadec-4-ene-1,3-diol, a long chain amino diol sphingoid base that occurs in most sphingolipids in animal tissues. 14
GO:0042541 hemoglobin biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hemoglobin, an oxygen carrying, conjugated protein containing four heme groups and globin. 14
GO:0033466 trans-zeatin biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of trans-zeatin, (2E)-2-methyl-4-(9H-purin-6-ylamino)but-2-en-1-ol. 14
GO:0090136 epithelial cell-cell adhesion The attachment of an epithelial cell to another epithelial cell via adhesion molecules. 14
GO:0009807 lignan biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lignans, any member of a class of plant metabolites related to lignins. Lignans are usually found as phenylpropanoid dimers in which the phenylpropanoid units are linked tail to tail and thus having a 2,3 dibenzylbutane skeleton, but higher oligomers can also exist. 14
GO:0046184 aldehyde biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of aldehydes, any organic compound with the formula R-CH=O. 13
GO:0006409 tRNA export from nucleus The directed movement of tRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. 13
GO:0009090 homoserine biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of homoserine, alpha-amino-gamma-hydroxybutyric acid. 13
GO:0071372 cellular response to follicle-stimulating hormone stimulus Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a follicle-stimulating hormone stimulus. 13
GO:0044376 RNA polymerase II complex localization to nucleus The directed movement of a RNA polymerase II core complex from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. 13
GO:0010246 rhamnogalacturonan I biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of rhamnogalacturonan I component of pectin, a rhamnose-rich pectic polysaccharide. 13
GO:0006458 'de novo' protein folding The process of assisting in the folding of a nascent peptide chain into its correct tertiary structure. 13
GO:0006576 cellular biogenic amine metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways occurring at the level of individual cells involving any of a group of naturally occurring, biologically active amines, such as norepinephrine, histamine, and serotonin, many of which act as neurotransmitters. 13
GO:0019367 fatty acid elongation, saturated fatty acid Elongation of a saturated fatty acid chain. 13
GO:0006700 C21-steroid hormone biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of C21-steroid hormones, steroid compounds containing 21 carbons which function as hormones. 13
GO:0009904 chloroplast accumulation movement The relocation process in which chloroplasts in photosynthetic cells move toward a brighter area in a cell to optimize photosynthesis. 13
GO:0006106 fumarate metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving fumarate, the anion of trans-1,2-ethenedicarboxylic acid, the diastereoisomer of maleate. It is a key intermediate in metabolism and is formed in the TCA cycle from succinate and converted into malate. 13
GO:0007040 lysosome organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a lysosome. A lysosome is a cytoplasmic, membrane-bounded organelle that is found in most animal cells and that contains a variety of hydrolases. 13
GO:0042838 D-glucarate catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-glucarate, the D-enantiomer of glucarate. 13
GO:0031111 negative regulation of microtubule polymerization or depolymerization Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule polymerization or depolymerization. 13
GO:0046473 phosphatidic acid metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphatidic acid, any derivative of glycerol phosphate in which both the remaining hydroxyl groups of the glycerol moiety are esterified with fatty acids. 13
GO:0019564 aerobic glycerol catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycerol, 1,2,3-propanetriol, in the presence of oxygen. 13
GO:0042168 heme metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving heme, any compound of iron complexed in a porphyrin (tetrapyrrole) ring. 13
GO:0022417 protein maturation by protein folding The process of assisting in the covalent and noncovalent assembly of single chain polypeptides or multisubunit complexes into the correct tertiary structure that results in the attainment of the full functional capacity of a protein. 13
GO:0071486 cellular response to high light intensity Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a high light intensity stimulus. 13
GO:0090346 cellular organofluorine metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving organofluorine compounds, as carried out by individual cells. 13
GO:0006665 sphingolipid metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving sphingolipids, any of a class of lipids containing the long-chain amine diol sphingosine or a closely related base (a sphingoid). 13
GO:0008218 bioluminescence The production of light by certain enzyme-catalyzed reactions in cells. 13
GO:0018924 mandelate metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving mandelate, the anion of mandelic acid. Mandelic acid (alpha-hydroxybenzeneacetic acid) is an 8-carbon alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA) that is used in organic chemistry and as a urinary antiseptic. 13
GO:0044764 multi-organism cellular process Any process that is carried out at the cellular level which involves another organism of the same or different species. 13
GO:0019679 propionate metabolic process, methylcitrate cycle The chemical reactions and pathways involving propionate that occur in the methylcitrate cycle. 13
GO:1901029 negative regulation of mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization. 13
GO:0045337 farnesyl diphosphate biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of farnesyl diphosphate. 13
GO:0051168 nuclear export The directed movement of substances out of the nucleus. 13
GO:0046474 glycerophospholipid biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycerophospholipids, any derivative of glycerophosphate that contains at least one O-acyl, O-alkyl, or O-alkenyl group attached to the glycerol residue. 13
GO:0070314 G1 to G0 transition A cell cycle arrest process that results in arrest during G1 phase, whereupon the cell enters a specialized resting state known as G0 or quiescence. 13
GO:0000056 ribosomal small subunit export from nucleus The directed movement of a ribosomal small subunit from the nucleus into the cytoplasm. 13
GO:0006643 membrane lipid metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving membrane lipids, any lipid found in or associated with a biological membrane. 13
GO:0019343 cysteine biosynthetic process via cystathionine The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cysteine, via the intermediate cystathionine. 12
GO:0000422 mitochondrion degradation The autophagic process in which mitochondria are delivered to the vacuole and degraded in response to changing cellular conditions. 12
GO:0035674 tricarboxylic acid transmembrane transport The process in which tricarboxylic acids are transported from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. 12
GO:0034058 endosomal vesicle fusion The homotypic fusion of endocytic vesicles to form or add to an early endosome. 12
GO:0019240 citrulline biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of citrulline, N5-carbamoyl-L-ornithine, an alpha amino acid not found in proteins. 12
GO:0090386 phagosome maturation involved in apoptotic cell clearance A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the arrangement of constituent parts of a phagosome within a cell and contributes to apoptotic cell clearance. Phagosome maturation begins with endocytosis and formation of the early phagosome and ends with the formation of the hybrid organelle, the phagolysosome. 12
GO:0090398 cellular senescence A cell aging process stimulated in response to cellular stress, whereby normal cells lose the ability to divide through irreversible cell cycle arrest. 12
GO:0034401 regulation of transcription by chromatin organization Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of the physical structure of eukaryotic chromatin that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of DNA-dependent transcription. 12
GO:1902000 homogentisate catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of homogentisate. 12
GO:0006540 glutamate decarboxylation to succinate The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of succinate from glutamate. Also known as GABA (gamma-aminobutyrate) shunt since it channels glutamate into the TCA cycle bypassing two steps of that cycle. There are three enzymes involved in the GABA shunt: glutamate decarboxylase (GAD), GABA aminotransferase (GABA-TA), and succinate semialdehyde dehydrogenase (SSADH). These three enzymes acting in concert to convert glutamate into succinate. The GABA shunt is predominantly associated with neurotransmission in the mammalian brain. It is also present in nonneuronal cells, in plants, in unicellular eukaryotes, and in prokaryotes. 12
GO:0000742 karyogamy involved in conjugation with cellular fusion During sexual reproduction, the creation of a single nucleus from multiple nuclei as a result of fusing the lipid bilayers that surround each nuclei. This occurs after cytogamy. 12
GO:0019637 organophosphate metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving organophosphates, any phosphate-containing organic compound. 12
GO:0006534 cysteine metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving cysteine, 2-amino-3-mercaptopropanoic acid. 12
GO:0019310 inositol catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of inositol, 1,2,3,4,5,6-cyclohexanehexol, a growth factor for animals and microorganisms. 12
GO:0048041 focal adhesion assembly The aggregation and bonding together of a set of components to form a focal adhesion, a complex of intracellular signaling and structural proteins that provides a structural link between the internal actin cytoskeleton and the ECM, and also function as a locus of signal transduction activity. 12
GO:0000740 nuclear membrane fusion The joining of 2 or more lipid bilayer membranes that surround the nucleus. 12
GO:0006624 vacuolar protein processing Protein processing that takes place in the vacuole. Most protein processing in the vacuole represents proteolytic cleavage of precursors to form active enzymes. 12
GO:0031247 actin rod assembly The assembly of actin rods, a cellular structure consisting of parallel, hexagonally arranged actin tubules. 12
GO:0019593 mannitol biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of mannitol, the alditol derived from D-mannose by reduction of the aldehyde group. 12
GO:0030029 actin filament-based process Any cellular process that depends upon or alters the actin cytoskeleton, that part of the cytoskeleton comprising actin filaments and their associated proteins. 12
GO:0071318 cellular response to ATP Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ATP (adenosine 5'-triphosphate) stimulus. 12
GO:0016121 carotene catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of carotenes, hydrocarbon carotenoids. 12
GO:0071421 manganese ion transmembrane transport A process in which a manganese ion is transported from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. 12
GO:0043648 dicarboxylic acid metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving dicarboxylic acids, any organic acid containing two carboxyl (COOH) groups or anions (COO-). 12
GO:0071320 cellular response to cAMP Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cAMP (cyclic AMP, adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate) stimulus. 12
GO:0046296 glycolate catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycolate, the anion of hydroxyethanoic acid (glycolic acid). 12
GO:0007118 budding cell apical bud growth Growth at the tip of a bud, in a cell that reproduces by budding. 12
GO:0036091 positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to oxidative stress Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under oxidative stress, a state often resulting from exposure to high levels of reactive oxygen species, e.g. superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radicals. 12
GO:0010797 regulation of multivesicular body size involved in endosome transport Any process that modulates the volume of a multivesicular body as part of the directed movement of substances from endosomes to lysosomes or vacuoles. 12
GO:0034418 urate biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of urate, the anion of uric acid, 2,6,8-trioxypurine. 12
GO:0044106 cellular amine metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving any organic compound that is weakly basic in character and contains an amino or a substituted amino group, as carried out by individual cells. Amines are called primary, secondary, or tertiary according to whether one, two, or three carbon atoms are attached to the nitrogen atom. 12
GO:1990022 RNA polymerase III complex localization to nucleus The directed movement of an RNA polymerase III complex from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. 12
GO:0052746 inositol phosphorylation The process of introducing one or more phosphate groups into inositol. Inositol is the cyclic alcohol 1,2,3,4,5,6-cyclohexanehexol, which is widely distributed in nature and acts as a growth factor in animals and microorganisms. 12
GO:0090400 stress-induced premature senescence A cellular senescence process associated with the dismantling of a cell as a response to environmental factors such as hydrogen peroxide or X-rays. 12
GO:0036283 positive regulation of transcription factor import into nucleus in response to oxidative stress Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the movement of a transcription factor from the cytoplasm to the nucleus under conditions of oxidative stress. 12
GO:0061416 regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to salt stress Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under salt stress. The stress is usually an increase or decrease in the concentration of salt (particularly but not exclusively sodium and chloride ions) in the environment. 12
GO:1900528 regulation of cell shape involved in G1 to G0 transition Any regulation of cell shape that is involved in G1 to G0 transition. 12
GO:0006650 glycerophospholipid metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycerophospholipids, any derivative of glycerophosphate that contains at least one O-acyl, O-alkyl, or O-alkenyl group attached to the glycerol residue. 12
GO:0006082 organic acid metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving organic acids, any acidic compound containing carbon in covalent linkage. 12
GO:0006721 terpenoid metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving terpenoids, any member of a class of compounds characterized by an isoprenoid chemical structure and including derivatives with various functional groups. 12
GO:0097185 cellular response to azide Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an azide stimulus. 12
GO:0061408 positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to heat stress Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as a result of a heat stimulus, a temperature stimulus above the optimal temperature for that organism. 11
GO:1901607 alpha-amino acid biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an alpha-amino acid. 11
GO:0010163 high-affinity potassium ion import The directed, energized, high affinity movement of potassium ions into a cell or organelle, driven by cation symport with hydrogen or sodium ions. 11
GO:0071854 cell wall macromolecule catabolic process involved in fungal-type cell wall disassembly The chemical reactions and pathways that result in the breakdown of macromolecules that form part of a cell wall, and contributes to the breakdown of the fungal-type cell wall. 11
GO:0030573 bile acid catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of bile acids, any of a group of steroid carboxylic acids occurring in bile. 11
GO:0016124 xanthophyll catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of xanthophylls, oxygen-containing carotenoids. 11
GO:0052325 cell wall pectin biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pectin, a polymer containing a backbone of alpha-1,4-linked D-galacturonic acid residues, as part of the organization and biogenesis of the cell wall. 11
GO:0034629 cellular protein complex localization A protein complex localization process that takes place at the cellular level; as a result, a protein complex is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location within a cell. 11
GO:0071168 protein localization to chromatin Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, a part of a chromosome that is organized into chromatin. 11
GO:0009436 glyoxylate catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glyoxylate, the anion of glyoxylic acid, HOC-COOH. 11
GO:0018963 phthalate metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving phthalate, the anion of phthalic acid. Phthalic acid diesters are used industrially in the production of a variety of household and consumer goods including plastic polymers, lubricating oils, and carriers for perfumes in cosmetics, while phthalic acid itself is used industrially as a plasticizer. Terephthalate is used in the synthesis of polyethylene terephthalate (polyethene terephthlate, abbreviated PET or PETE), a plastic polymer with many commercial uses. 11
GO:0033108 mitochondrial respiratory chain complex assembly The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a mitochondrial respiratory chain complex. 11
GO:0071377 cellular response to glucagon stimulus Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glucagon stimulus. 11
GO:0071375 cellular response to peptide hormone stimulus Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a peptide hormone stimulus. A peptide hormone is any of a class of peptides that are secreted into the blood stream and have endocrine functions in living animals. 11
GO:0046654 tetrahydrofolate biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tetrahydrofolate, 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolic acid, a folate derivative bearing additional hydrogens on the pterin group. 11
GO:0060327 cytoplasmic actin-based contraction involved in cell motility The actin filament-based movement by which cytoplasmic actin filaments slide past one another resulting in a contraction that propels the cell from one place to another. 11
GO:0046967 cytosol to ER transport The directed movement of substances from the cytosol to the endoplasmic reticulum of a cell. 11
GO:0009446 putrescine biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of putrescine, 1,4-diaminobutane; putrescine can be synthesized from arginine or ornithine and is the metabolic precursor of spermidine and spermine. 11
GO:0006549 isoleucine metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving isoleucine, (2R*,3R*)-2-amino-3-methylpentanoic acid. 11
GO:0071870 cellular response to catecholamine stimulus Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a catecholamine stimulus. A catecholamine is any of a group of biogenic amines that includes 4-(2-aminoethyl)pyrocatechol [4-(2-aminoethyl)benzene-1,2-diol] and derivatives formed by substitution. 11
GO:0019550 glutamate catabolic process to aspartate The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamate into other compounds, including aspartate. 11
GO:0018885 carbon tetrachloride metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving carbon tetrachloride, a toxic, carcinogenic compound which is used as a general solvent in industrial degreasing operations. It is also used as grain fumigant and a chemical intermediate in the production of refrigerants. 11
GO:0006760 folic acid-containing compound metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving a folic acid-containing compound, i.e. any of a group of heterocyclic compounds based on the pteroic acid skeleton conjugated with one or more L-glutamic acid or L-glutamate units. 11
GO:0070296 sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium ion transport The directed movement of calcium ions (Ca2+) into, out of or within the sarcoplasmic reticulum. 11
GO:0016050 vesicle organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a vesicle. 11
GO:0019292 tyrosine biosynthetic process from chorismate via 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tyrosine from other compounds, including chorismate, via the intermediate 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate. 11
GO:0097248 maintenance of protein location in cell cortex of cell tip A process in which a protein or protein complex is maintained in a specific location in the cell cortex of a cell tip, and is prevented from moving elsewhere. The cell cortex of a cell tip is the region directly beneath the plasma membrane at either end of the longest axis of a cylindrical or elongated cell. 11
GO:0007028 cytoplasm organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the cytoplasm. The cytoplasm is all of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures. 11
GO:0006657 CDP-choline pathway The phosphatidylcholine biosynthetic process that begins with the phosphorylation of choline and ends with the combination of CDP-choline with diacylglycerol to form phosphatidylcholine. 11
GO:0006505 GPI anchor metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchors, molecular mechanisms for attaching membrane proteins to the lipid bilayer of cell membranes. Structurally they consist of a molecule of phosphatidylinositol to which is linked, via the C-6 hydroxyl of the inositol, a carbohydrate chain. This chain is in turn linked to the protein through an ethanolamine phosphate group, the amino group of which is in amide linkage with the C-terminal carboxyl of the protein chain, the phosphate group being esterified to the C-6 hydroxyl of the terminal mannose of the core carbohydrate chain. 11
GO:0071365 cellular response to auxin stimulus Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an auxin stimulus. 11
GO:0071577 zinc ion transmembrane transport A process in which a zinc ion is transported from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. 11
GO:0009107 lipoate biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lipoate, 1,2-dithiolane-3-pentanoate, the anion derived from lipoic acid. 11
GO:0006525 arginine metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving arginine, 2-amino-5-(carbamimidamido)pentanoic acid. 11
GO:0006337 nucleosome disassembly The controlled breakdown of nucleosomes, the beadlike structural units of eukaryotic chromatin composed of histones and DNA. 11
GO:0071940 fungal-type cell wall assembly The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a fungal-type cell wall. 11
GO:0050667 homocysteine metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving homocysteine, the amino acid alpha-amino-gamma-mercaptobutanoic acid. Homocysteine is an important intermediate in the metabolic reactions of its S-methyl derivative, methionine. 11
GO:0071467 cellular response to pH Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a pH stimulus. 11
GO:0051793 medium-chain fatty acid catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any fatty acid with a chain length of between C6 and C12. 11
GO:0071446 cellular response to salicylic acid stimulus Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a salicylic acid stimulus. 11
GO:0033310 chlorophyll a catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways leading to the breakdown of chlorophyll a. 11
GO:0071248 cellular response to metal ion Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a metal ion stimulus. 11
GO:0006780 uroporphyrinogen III biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of uroporphyrinogen III. 11
GO:0051659 maintenance of mitochondrion location Any process in which a mitochondrion is maintained in a specific location within a cell and prevented from moving elsewhere. 11
GO:0060303 regulation of nucleosome density Any process that modulates the number of nucleosomes in a given region of a chromosome. 11
GO:0045047 protein targeting to ER The process of directing proteins towards the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) using signals contained within the protein. One common mechanism uses a 16- to 30-residue signal sequence, typically located at the N-terminus of the protein and containing positively charged amino acids followed by a continuous stretch of hydrophobic residues, which directs the ribosome to the ER membrane and initiates transport of the growing polypeptide across the ER membrane. 11
GO:0032790 ribosome disassembly The disaggregation of a ribosome into its constituent components; includes the dissociation of ribosomal subunits. 11
GO:0010495 long-distance posttranscriptional gene silencing A posttranscriptional gene silencing process in which the silencing signal originates in a tissue separate from the tissue in which the silencing takes place. 11
GO:0006533 aspartate catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of aspartate, the anion derived from aspartic acid, 2-aminobutanedioic acid. 11
GO:0045109 intermediate filament organization Control of the spatial distribution of intermediate filaments; includes organizing filaments into meshworks, bundles, or other structures, as by cross-linking. 11
GO:0009660 amyloplast organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an amyloplast. An amyloplast is a plastid whose main function is to synthesize and store starch. 11
GO:0006061 sorbitol biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sorbitol (D-glucitol), one of the ten stereoisomeric hexitols. It can be derived from glucose by reduction of the aldehyde group. 11
GO:0060003 copper ion export The directed movement of copper ions out of a cell or organelle. 11
GO:0051205 protein insertion into membrane The process that results in the incorporation of a protein into a biological membrane. 11
GO:0042255 ribosome assembly The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of the mature ribosome and of its subunits. 11
GO:0033109 cortical actin cytoskeleton stabilization The process in which the assembly and arrangement of cytoskeletal structures in the actin cortex with respect to the plasma membrane is maintained. 11
GO:0019551 glutamate catabolic process to 2-oxoglutarate The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamate into other compounds, including 2-oxoglutarate. 11
GO:0006656 phosphatidylcholine biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phosphatidylcholines, any of a class of glycerophospholipids in which the phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxyl group of choline. 11
GO:0019750 chloroplast localization Any process in which a chloroplast is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within the cell. A chloroplast is a chlorophyll-containing plastid found in cells of algae and higher plants. 11
GO:0006114 glycerol biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycerol, 1,2,3-propanetriol, a sweet, hygroscopic, viscous liquid, widely distributed in nature as a constituent of many lipids. 11
GO:0071380 cellular response to prostaglandin E stimulus Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a prostagladin E stimulus. 11
GO:0007427 epithelial cell migration, open tracheal system The orderly movement of epithelial cells during development of an open tracheal system. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster. 11
GO:0018919 gamma-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving gamma-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane (also known as Lindane), the most common form of hexachlorohexane, a halogenated organic insecticide that has been used worldwide for agriculture and public health. 11
GO:0034724 DNA replication-independent nucleosome organization The formation or destruction of chromatin structures, occurring outside the context of DNA replication. 10
GO:0035006 melanization defense response The blackening of the wounded area of the cuticle or the surface of invading pathogens, parasites or parasitoids, resulting from a proteolytic cascade leading to the de novo synthesis and deposition of melanin. 10
GO:0033559 unsaturated fatty acid metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving an unsaturated fatty acid, any fatty acid containing one or more double bonds between carbon atoms. 10
GO:0030091 protein repair The process of restoring a protein to its original state after damage by such things as oxidation or spontaneous decomposition of residues. 10
GO:0019244 lactate biosynthetic process from pyruvate The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lactate from other compounds, including pyruvate. 10
GO:1901886 2-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 2-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA. 10
GO:0072524 pyridine-containing compound metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving a pyridine-containing compound, i.e. any compound that contains pyridine or a formal derivative thereof. 10
GO:1901684 arsenate ion transmembrane transport The directed movement of arsenate ion across a membrane. 10
GO:0030833 regulation of actin filament polymerization Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly of actin filaments by the addition of actin monomers to a filament. 10
GO:0006073 cellular glucan metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucans, polysaccharides consisting only of glucose residues. 10
GO:0071483 cellular response to blue light Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a blue light stimulus. Blue light is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of between 440 and 500nm. 10
GO:0006998 nuclear envelope organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the nuclear envelope. 10
GO:1901884 4-hydroxycoumarin biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 4-hydroxycoumarin. 10
GO:0019516 lactate oxidation The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the conversion of lactate to other compounds, such as pyruvate, with concomitant loss of electrons. 10
GO:0036092 phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate, a phosphatidylinositol monophosphate carrying the phosphate group at the 3-position. 10
GO:0050808 synapse organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a synapse, the junction between a neuron and a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell). 10
GO:0046187 acetaldehyde catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetaldehyde, a colorless, flammable liquid intermediate in the metabolism of alcohol. 10
GO:0045875 negative regulation of sister chromatid cohesion Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sister chromatid cohesion. 10
GO:0009801 cinnamic acid ester metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving ester derivatives of cinnamic acid, phenylpropenoic acid. 10
GO:0019470 4-hydroxyproline catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 4-hydroxyproline, C5H9NO3, a derivative of the amino acid proline. 10
GO:0042360 vitamin E metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving vitamin E, tocopherol, which includes a series of eight structurally similar compounds. Alpha-tocopherol is the most active form in humans and is a powerful biological antioxidant. 10
GO:0035729 cellular response to hepatocyte growth factor stimulus Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hepatocyte growth factor stimulus. 10
GO:0045733 acetate catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetate, the anion of acetic acid. 10
GO:0007029 endoplasmic reticulum organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the endoplasmic reticulum. 10
GO:0045338 farnesyl diphosphate metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving farnesyl diphosphate, an intermediate in carotenoid, sesquiterpene, squalene and sterol biosynthesis, as well as a substrate in protein farnesylation. 10
GO:0051666 actin cortical patch localization Any process in which actin cortical patches are transported to, or maintained in, a specific location. An actin cortical patch is a discrete actin-containing structure found just beneath the plasma membrane in fungal cells. 10
GO:0035313 wound healing, spreading of epidermal cells The migration of an epidermal cell along or through a wound gap that contributes to the reestablishment of a continuous epidermis. 10
GO:0046909 intermembrane transport The directed movement of substances between the intracellular membranes of a cell, for example, the transfer of glycolipids from the endoplasmic reticulum to other cellular membrane structures in which they reside. 10
GO:0032509 endosome transport via multivesicular body sorting pathway The directed movement of substances from endosomes to lysosomes or vacuoles by a pathway in which molecules are sorted into multivesicular bodies, which then fuse with the target compartment. 10
GO:0031581 hemidesmosome assembly Assembly of hemidesmosomes, integrin-containing protein complexes that bind to laminin in the basal lamina. Hemidesmosomes form the contact between the basal surface of epithelial cells and the underlying basal lamina. 10
GO:0052315 phytoalexin biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phytoalexins, any of a range of substances produced by plants as part of their defense response. 10
GO:0045023 G0 to G1 transition The mitotic cell cycle phase transition whose occurrence commits the cell from the G0 quiescent state to the G1 phase. Under certain conditions, cells exit the cell cycle during G1 and remain in the G0 state as nongrowing, non-dividing (quiescent) cells. Appropriate stimulation of such cells induces them to return to G1 and resume growth and division. The G0 to G1 transition is accompanied by many changes in the program of gene expression. 10
GO:0006849 plasma membrane pyruvate transport The directed movement of pyruvate, 2-oxopropanoate, across a plasma membrane. 10
GO:0016487 farnesol metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving the sesquiterpenoid alcohol farnesol, 3,7,11-trimethyl-2,6,10,dodecatrien-1-ol. 10
GO:0006797 polyphosphate metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving a polyphosphate, the anion or salt of polyphosphoric acid. 10
GO:0033473 indoleacetic acid conjugate metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving any indole-3-acetic acid conjugate, a form of indoleacetic acid covalently bound to another molecule. 10
GO:0009081 branched-chain amino acid metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving amino acids containing a branched carbon skeleton, comprising isoleucine, leucine and valine. 10
GO:0042758 long-chain fatty acid catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of long-chain fatty acids, a fatty acid with a chain length between C13 and C22. 10
GO:0009715 chalcone biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of chalcone, phenyl steryl ketone or its hydroxylated derivatives. 10
GO:0046168 glycerol-3-phosphate catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycerol-3-phosphate, a phosphoric monoester of glycerol. 10
GO:0046835 carbohydrate phosphorylation The process of introducing a phosphate group into a carbohydrate, any organic compound based on the general formula Cx(H2O)y. 10
GO:0032511 late endosome to vacuole transport via multivesicular body sorting pathway The directed movement of substances from endosomes to vacuoles by a pathway in which molecules are sorted into multivesicular bodies, which then fuse with the vacuole. 10
GO:0051170 nuclear import The directed movement of substances into the nucleus. 10
GO:0002031 G-protein coupled receptor internalization The process that results in the uptake of a G-protein coupled receptor into an endocytic vesicle. 10
GO:0008354 germ cell migration The orderly movement of a cell specialized to produce haploid gametes through the embryo from its site of production to the place where the gonads will form. 10
GO:0044320 cellular response to leptin stimulus Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a leptin stimulus. Leptin is a hormone manufactured primarily in the adipocytes of white adipose tissue, and the level of circulating leptin is directly proportional to the total amount of fat in the body. It plays a key role in regulating energy intake and energy expenditure, including appetite and metabolism. 10
GO:0071457 cellular response to ozone Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ozone stimulus. 10
GO:0019346 transsulfuration The interconversion of homocysteine and cysteine via cystathionine. In contrast with enteric bacteria and mammals, Saccharomyces cerevisiae has two transsulfuration pathways employing two separate sets of enzymes. 10
GO:0072697 protein localization to cell cortex A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, the cell cortex. 10
GO:0009800 cinnamic acid biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cinnamic acid, 3-phenyl-2-propenoic acid. 9
GO:0033014 tetrapyrrole biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways leading to the formation of tetrapyrroles, natural pigments containing four pyrrole rings joined by one-carbon units linking position 2 of one pyrrole ring to position 5 of the next. 9
GO:0032367 intracellular cholesterol transport The directed movement of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3-beta-ol, within cells. 9
GO:0006554 lysine catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lysine, 2,6-diaminohexanoic acid. 9
GO:0046952 ketone body catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ketone bodies, any one of the three substances: acetoacetate, D-3-hydroxybutyrate (beta-hydroxybutyrate) or acetone. Ketone bodies can be used as an energy source as an alternative to glucose. Utilization of ketone bodies in peripheral tissues involves conversion of acetoacetate to acetoacetyl-CoA, which is then converted to two molecules of acetyl-CoA. 9
GO:0009082 branched-chain amino acid biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of amino acids containing a branched carbon skeleton, comprising isoleucine, leucine and valine. 9
GO:0007395 dorsal closure, spreading of leading edge cells Dorsally-directed movement of a cell at the leading edge of the epithelium over the amnioserosa. 9
GO:0006843 mitochondrial citrate transport The directed movement of citrate, 2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboyxlate, into, out of or within a mitochondrion. 9
GO:0071370 cellular response to gibberellin stimulus Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a gibberellin stimulus. 9
GO:0032801 receptor catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a receptor molecule, a macromolecule that undergoes combination with a hormone, neurotransmitter, drug or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell function. 9
GO:0010639 negative regulation of organelle organization Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an organelle. 9
GO:0019544 arginine catabolic process to glutamate The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of arginine into other compounds, including glutamate. 9
GO:0072385 minus-end-directed organelle transport along microtubule The directed movement of an organelle towards the minus end of a microtubule, mediated by motor proteins. This process begins with the attachment of an organelle to a microtubule, and ends when the organelle reaches its final destination. 9
GO:0046396 D-galacturonate metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving D-galacturonate, the D-enantiomer of galacturonate, the anion of galacturonic acid. D-galacturonic acid is a component of plant gums and bacterial cell walls. 9
GO:0006062 sorbitol catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of sorbitol (D-glucitol), one of the ten stereoisomeric hexitols. It can be derived from glucose by reduction of the aldehyde group. 9
GO:0045199 maintenance of epithelial cell apical/basal polarity The maintenance of the apicobasal polarity of an epithelial cell. 9
GO:0048250 mitochondrial iron ion transport The directed movement of iron ions into, out of or within a mitochondrion. 9
GO:0051160 L-xylitol catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-xylitol, a five-carbon sugar alcohol derived from xylose by reduction of the carbonyl group. 9
GO:0033692 cellular polysaccharide biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of polysaccharides, polymers of many (typically more than 10) monosaccharide residues linked glycosidically, occurring at the level of an individual cell. 9
GO:0050765 negative regulation of phagocytosis Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of phagocytosis. 9
GO:0007344 pronuclear fusion The merging of two pronuclei in a fertilized egg to fuse and produce a single zygotic genome. 9
GO:0006529 asparagine biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of asparagine, 2-amino-3-carbamoylpropanoic acid. 9
GO:0006651 diacylglycerol biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of diacylglycerol, a glycerol molecule substituted on the 1 and 2 hydroxyl groups with long chain fatty acyl residues. 9
GO:0071433 cell wall repair A process of cell wall organization that results in the restoration of the cell wall following damage. 9
GO:0006104 succinyl-CoA metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving succinyl-CoA, a compound composed of the monovalent acyl group 3-carboxypropanoyl, derived from succinic acid by loss of one OH group, linked to coenzyme A. 9
GO:0016334 establishment or maintenance of polarity of follicular epithelium Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of a polarized follicular epithelial sheet. 9
GO:0047497 mitochondrion transport along microtubule The directed movement of a mitochondrion along a microtubule, mediated by motor proteins. 9
GO:0006570 tyrosine metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving tyrosine, an aromatic amino acid, 2-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid. 9
GO:0046466 membrane lipid catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of membrane lipids, any lipid found in or associated with a biological membrane. 9
GO:0006622 protein targeting to lysosome The process of directing proteins towards the lysosome using signals contained within the protein. 9
GO:0033275 actin-myosin filament sliding The sliding movement of actin thin filaments and myosin thick filaments past each other. 9
GO:0006654 phosphatidic acid biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phosphatidic acid, any derivative of glycerol phosphate in which both the remaining hydroxyl groups of the glycerol moiety are esterified with fatty acids. 9
GO:0006727 ommochrome biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ommochromes, any of a large group of natural polycyclic pigments commonly found in the Arthropoda, particularly in the ommatidia of the compound eye. 9
GO:0009445 putrescine metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving putrescine, 1,4-diaminobutane; putrescine can be formed by decarboxylation of ornithine and is the metabolic precursor of spermidine and spermine. 9
GO:0031148 DIF-1 biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 1-(3,5-dichloro-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)hexan-1-one, also known as DIF-1, differentiation-inducing factor-1. DIF-1 is a secreted chlorinated molecule that controls cell fate during development of Dictyostelium cells. 9
GO:0046355 mannan catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of mannan, the main hemicellulose of soft (coniferous) wood, made up of D-mannose, D-glucose and D-galactose. 9
GO:0035984 cellular response to trichostatin A Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a trichostatin A stimulus. 9
GO:0019294 keto-3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of keto-3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid, an acidic sugar present in lipopolysaccharides of the outer membranes of some Gram-negative bacteria. 9
GO:0071286 cellular response to magnesium ion Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a magnesium ion stimulus. 9
GO:0046232 carbazole catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of carbazole, a heterocyclic aromatic compound containing a dibenzopyrrole system that is produced during coal gasification and is present in cigarette smoke. Coal tar produced at high temperature contains an average of 1.5% carbazole. It is used widely in synthesis of dyes, pharmaceuticals, and plastics and is a suspected carcinogen. 9
GO:0071498 cellular response to fluid shear stress Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a fluid shear stress stimulus. Fluid shear stress is the force acting on an object in a system where the fluid is moving across a solid surface. 9
GO:0033494 ferulate metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving ferulate, (2E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate. 9
GO:0043113 receptor clustering The receptor metabolic process that results in grouping of a set of receptors at a cellular location, often to amplify the sensitivity of a signaling response. 9
GO:0035067 negative regulation of histone acetylation Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of an acetyl group to a histone protein. 9
GO:0051016 barbed-end actin filament capping The binding of a protein or protein complex to the barbed (or plus) end of an actin filament, thus preventing the addition, exchange or removal of further actin subunits. 9
GO:0006560 proline metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving proline (pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid), a chiral, cyclic, nonessential alpha-amino acid found in peptide linkage in proteins. 9
GO:0006089 lactate metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving lactate, the anion of lactic acid. 9
GO:0035837 ergot alkaloid biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an ergot alkaloid. 9
GO:0031573 intra-S DNA damage checkpoint A cell cycle checkpoint that slows DNA synthesis in response to DNA damage by the prevention of new origin firing and the stabilization of slow replication fork progression. 9
GO:0010970 microtubule-based transport Microtubule-based movement that results in the net, directed movement of organelles or other particles from one location in the cell to another. 9
GO:0042823 pyridoxal phosphate biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyridoxal phosphate, pyridoxal phosphorylated at the hydroxymethyl group of C-5, the active form of vitamin B6. 9
GO:0036003 positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to stress Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress. The stress is usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation). 9
GO:0046501 protoporphyrinogen IX metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving protoporphyrinogen IX, the specific substrate for the enzyme ferrochelatase, which catalyzes the insertion of iron to form protoheme. It is probably also the substrate for chlorophyll formation. 9
GO:0010248 establishment or maintenance of transmembrane electrochemical gradient The directed movement of ions to establish or maintain an electrochemical gradient across a membrane by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. 8
GO:0010142 farnesyl diphosphate biosynthetic process, mevalonate pathway The pathway that converts acetate, in the form of acetyl-CoA, to farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) through a series of mevalonate intermediates. Farnesyl diphosphate is an important substrate for other essential pathways, such as biosynthesis of sterols. 8
GO:0033384 geranyl diphosphate biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of geranyl diphosphate. 8
GO:0032981 mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I assembly The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I. 8
GO:0042537 benzene-containing compound metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving benzene, C6H6, a volatile, very inflammable liquid, contained in the naphtha produced by the destructive distillation of coal, from which it is separated by fractional distillation, or any of its derivatives. 8
GO:0051656 establishment of organelle localization The directed movement of an organelle to a specific location. 8
GO:0090431 alkyl caffeate ester biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ester derivatives of alkyl caffeate. 8
GO:0022412 cellular process involved in reproduction in multicellular organism A process, occurring at the cellular level, that is involved in the reproductive function of a multicellular organism. 8
GO:0048311 mitochondrion distribution Any process that establishes the spatial arrangement of mitochondria between and within cells. 8
GO:0033299 secretion of lysosomal enzymes The controlled release of lysosomal enzymes by a cell. 8
GO:0006639 acylglycerol metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving acylglycerol, any mono-, di- or triester of glycerol with (one or more) fatty acids. 8
GO:0043241 protein complex disassembly The disaggregation of a protein complex into its constituent components. Protein complexes may have other associated non-protein prosthetic groups, such as nucleic acids, metal ions or carbohydrate groups. 8
GO:0019060 intracellular transport of viral proteins in host cell The directed movement of viral proteins within the host cell. 8
GO:0046740 spread of virus in host, cell to cell The process of viral dissemination within an infected host organism where infectious virion particles are passed from infected to uninfected host cells. 8
GO:0035434 copper ion transmembrane transport The directed movement of copper cation across a membrane. 8
GO:0009229 thiamine diphosphate biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of thiamine diphosphate, a derivative of thiamine (vitamin B1) which acts as a coenzyme in a range of processes including the Krebs cycle. 8
GO:0006751 glutathione catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutathione, the tripeptide glutamylcysteinylglycine, which acts as a coenzyme for some enzymes and as an antioxidant in the protection of sulfhydryl groups in enzymes and other proteins. 8
GO:0030541 plasmid partitioning Any process in which plasmids are segregated or distributed into daughter cells upon cell division. 8
GO:0016441 posttranscriptional gene silencing The inactivation of gene expression by a posttranscriptional mechanism. 8
GO:0021819 layer formation in cerebral cortex The detachment of cells from radial glial fibers at the appropriate time when they cease to migrate and form distinct layer in the cerebral cortex. 8
GO:0006681 galactosylceramide metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving galactosylceramides, any compound formed by the replacement of the glycosidic hydroxyl group of a cyclic form of galactose by a ceramide group. 8
GO:0031572 G2 DNA damage checkpoint A cell cycle checkpoint that detects and negatively regulates progression from G2 to M phase in the cell cycle in response to DNA damage. 8
GO:0046470 phosphatidylcholine metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphatidylcholines, any of a class of glycerophospholipids in which the phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxyl group of choline. They are important constituents of cell membranes. 8
GO:0018979 trichloroethylene metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving trichloroethylene, a toxic, colorless, photoreactive, chlorinated hydrocarbon liquid, commonly used as a metal degreaser and solvent. 8
GO:0006678 glucosylceramide metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucosylceramides, any compound formed by the replacement of the glycosidic hydroxyl group of a cyclic form of glucose by a ceramide group. They are neutral glycolipids containing equimolar amounts of fatty acid, glucose, and sphingosine or a sphingosine derivative. 8
GO:0051417 microtubule nucleation by spindle pole body The 'de novo' formation of a microtubule, mediated by the spindle pole body. 8
GO:0055129 L-proline biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-proline, an L-enantiomer of a chiral, cyclic, nonessential alpha-amino acid found in peptide linkage in proteins. 8
GO:0070189 kynurenine metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving kynurenine, the amino acid 3-(2-aminobenzoyl)-alanine. 8
GO:0051923 sulfation The addition of a sulfate group to a molecule. 8
GO:0072488 ammonium transmembrane transport The directed movement of ammonium across a membrane by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Ammonium is the cation NH4+. 8
GO:0007284 spermatogonial cell division The mitotic divisions of the primary spermatogonial cell (a primordial male germ cell) to form secondary spermatogonia (primary spermatocytes). 8
GO:0010597 green leaf volatile biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of volatile molecules emitted from green plants, such as hexenal, hexenol and hexenyl acetate, from linoleic acid or linolenic acid. 8
GO:0042416 dopamine biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dopamine, a catecholamine neurotransmitter and a metabolic precursor of noradrenaline and adrenaline. 8
GO:0045792 negative regulation of cell size Any process that reduces cell size. 8
GO:0043953 protein transport by the Tat complex The process in which folded proteins are transported across cytoplasmic membranes of bacteria and membranes of organelles derived from bacteria (chloroplasts and mitochondria) by the TAT complex. 8
GO:0019255 glucose 1-phosphate metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucose 1-phosphate, a monophosphorylated derivative of glucose with the phosphate group attached to C-1. 8
GO:0006617 SRP-dependent cotranslational protein targeting to membrane, signal sequence recognition The process in which SRP binds to the signal peptide in a nascent protein, causing protein elongation to pause, during cotranslational membrane targeting. 8
GO:0070817 P-TEFb-cap methyltransferase complex localization Any process in which the P-TEFb-cap methyltransferase complex is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location. 7
GO:0030259 lipid glycosylation Covalent attachment of a glycosyl residue to a lipid molecule. 7
GO:0006703 estrogen biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of estrogens, C18 steroid hormones that can stimulate the development of female sexual characteristics. Also found in plants. 7
GO:0042854 eugenol metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving eugenol, a colorless, aromatic, liquid hydrocarbon (C10H12O2) found in clove oil. 7
GO:0043419 urea catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of urea, the water soluble compound O=C-(NH2)2. 7
GO:0015942 formate metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving formate, also known as methanoate, the anion HCOO- derived from methanoic (formic) acid. 7
GO:0009234 menaquinone biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any of the menaquinones, any of the quinone-derived compounds synthesized by intestinal bacteria. Structurally, menaquinones consist of a methylated naphthoquinone ring structure and side chains composed of a variable number of unsaturated isoprenoid residues. Menaquinones have vitamin K activity and are known as vitamin K2. 7
GO:0045494 photoreceptor cell maintenance Any process preventing the degeneration of the photoreceptor, a specialized cell type that is sensitive to light. 7
GO:0009097 isoleucine biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of isoleucine, (2R*,3R*)-2-amino-3-methylpentanoic acid. 7
GO:0006522 alanine metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving alanine, 2-aminopropanoic acid. 7
GO:0015939 pantothenate metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving pantothenate, the anion of pantothenic acid, the amide of beta-alanine and pantoic acid. It is a B complex vitamin that is a constituent of coenzyme A and is distributed ubiquitously in foods. 7
GO:0035336 long-chain fatty-acyl-CoA metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving long-chain fatty-acyl-CoAs, any derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is in a thioester linkage with a long-chain fatty-acyl group. Long-chain fatty-acyl-CoAs have chain lengths of C13 or more. 7
GO:0006686 sphingomyelin biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sphingomyelin, N-acyl-4-sphingenyl-1-O-phosphorylcholine. 7
GO:0006687 glycosphingolipid metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycosphingolipids, any compound with residues of sphingoid and at least one monosaccharide. 7
GO:0009099 valine biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of valine, 2-amino-3-methylbutanoic acid. 7
GO:0009661 chromoplast organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the chromoplast. A chromoplast is a plastid containing pigments other than chlorophyll, usually yellow and orange carotenoid pigments. 7
GO:0071668 plant-type cell wall assembly The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a cellulose- and pectin-containing cell wall. 7
GO:0019872 streptomycin biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of streptomycin, a commonly used antibiotic in cell culture media; it acts only on prokaryotes and blocks transition from initiation complex to chain elongating ribosome. 7
GO:0051484 isopentenyl diphosphate biosynthetic process, mevalonate-independent pathway involved in terpenoid biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of isopentenyl diphosphate by the mevalonate-independent pathway that contributes to terpenoid biosynthesis. Isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) is the fundamental unit in isoprenoid biosynthesis and is biosynthesized from pyruvate and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate via intermediates, including 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate. 7
GO:0010405 arabinogalactan protein metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving a cell wall arabinogalactan II glycoprotein, which is composed of a group of core protein of highly varying length and domain complexity. These are O-glycosylated at one or more hydroxyproline residues by arabinogalactan (AG) type II groups, which consist of (1->3)-beta-galactan and (1->6)-beta-linked galactan chains connected to each other by (1->3,1->6)-linked branch points, O-3 and O-6 positions substituted with terminal arabinosyl residues. Also, rhamnose, fucose, glucuronic and galacturonic acid can be present in the glycan structures. 7
GO:0035350 FAD transmembrane transport The process in which flavin-adenine dinucleotide (FAD) is transported from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. FAD forms the coenzyme of the prosthetic group of various flavoprotein oxidoreductase enzymes, in which it functions as an electron acceptor by being reversibly converted to its reduced form. 7
GO:0070829 heterochromatin maintenance The chromatin organization process that preserves heterochromatin in a stable functional or structural state. 7
GO:0000066 mitochondrial ornithine transport The directed movement of ornithine, 2,5-diaminopentanoic acid, into, out of or within a mitochondrion. 7
GO:0006705 mineralocorticoid biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of mineralocorticoids, hormonal C21 corticosteroids synthesized from cholesterol. 7
GO:0016122 xanthophyll metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving xanthophylls, oxygen-containing carotenoids. 7
GO:0006020 inositol metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving inositol, 1,2,3,4,5,6-cyclohexanehexol, a growth factor for animals and microorganisms. 7
GO:0046514 ceramide catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ceramides, any N-acetylated sphingoid. 7
GO:0007023 post-chaperonin tubulin folding pathway Completion of folding of alpha- and beta-tubulin; takes place subsequent to chaperonin-mediated partial folding; mediated by a complex of folding cofactors. 7
GO:0006545 glycine biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycine, aminoethanoic acid. 7
GO:0046511 sphinganine biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sphinganine, D-erythro-2-amino-1,3-octadecanediol. 7
GO:0071238 cellular response to brefeldin A Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a brefeldin A stimulus. 7
GO:0000098 sulfur amino acid catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of amino acids containing sulfur, comprising cysteine, methionine and selenocysteine. 7
GO:0035194 posttranscriptional gene silencing by RNA Any process of posttranscriptional gene inactivation (silencing) mediated by small RNA molecules that may trigger mRNA degradation or negatively regulate translation. 7
GO:0010493 Lewis a epitope biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a Lewis a epitope, a trisaccharide (Fuc-alpha-(1->4)[Gal-beta-(1->3)]GlcNAc) characteristic of plant protein N-linked oligosaccharides. 7
GO:0034982 mitochondrial protein processing The peptide cleavage of mitochondrial proteins, including cleavage contributing to their import. 7
GO:0043620 regulation of DNA-dependent transcription in response to stress Modulation of the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from a DNA template as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress. The stress is usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation). 7
GO:0046340 diacylglycerol catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of diacylglycerol, a glycerol molecule substituted on the 1 and 2 hydroxyl groups with long chain fatty acyl residues. 7
GO:0071669 plant-type cell wall organization or biogenesis A process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cellulose- and pectin-containing cell wall. 7
GO:0010126 mycothiol metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving mycothiol, which consists of N-acetyl-L-cysteine linked to a pseudodisaccharide, D-glucosamine and myo-inositol. Mycothiol is produced in actinomycetes like mycobacteria and serves similar functions to glutathione. 7
GO:0072657 protein localization to membrane A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location in a membrane. 7
GO:0072521 purine-containing compound metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving a purine-containing compound, i.e. any compound that contains purine or a formal derivative thereof. 7
GO:0006728 pteridine biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pteridine, pyrazino(2,3-dipyrimidine), the parent structure of pterins and the pteroyl group. 7
GO:0009094 L-phenylalanine biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-phenylalanine, the L-enantiomer of 2-amino-3-phenylpropanoic acid, i.e. (2S)-2-amino-3-phenylpropanoic acid. 7
GO:0043328 protein targeting to vacuole involved in ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process via the multivesicular body sorting pathway The process of directing proteins towards the vacuole using signals contained within the protein, occurring that contributes to protein catabolism via the multivesicular body (MVB) pathway. 7
GO:0070221 sulfide oxidation, using sulfide:quinone oxidoreductase A sulfide oxidation process that proceeds via the reaction catalyzed by sulfide:quinone oxidoreductase. 7
GO:0019266 asparagine biosynthetic process from oxaloacetate The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of asparagine from other compounds, including oxaloacetate. 7
GO:0052651 monoacylglycerol catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of monoacylglycerol, any ester of glycerol in which any one of its hydroxyl groups has been acylated with a fatty acid, the other being non-esterified. 7
GO:0046166 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, an important intermediate in glycolysis. 7
GO:0044264 cellular polysaccharide metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving polysaccharides, polymers of more than 10 monosaccharide residues joined by glycosidic linkages, as carried out by individual cells. 6
GO:0046210 nitric oxide catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nitric oxide, nitrogen monoxide (NO), a colorless gas only slightly soluble in water. 6
GO:0036347 glutathione import into cell The directed movement of glutathione into a cell. 6
GO:0042372 phylloquinone biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phylloquinone, vitamin K1, a quinone-derived compound synthesized by green plants. 6
GO:0071219 cellular response to molecule of bacterial origin Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus by molecules of bacterial origin such as peptides derived from bacterial flagellin. 6
GO:0046732 active induction of host immune response by virus The intentional, virally-encoded stimulation of a host defense response to viral infection. 6
GO:0019279 L-methionine biosynthetic process from L-homoserine via cystathionine The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-methionine from other compounds, including L-homoserine, via the intermediate cystathionine. 6
GO:0006021 inositol biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of inositol, 1,2,3,4,5,6-cyclohexanehexol, a growth factor for animals and microorganisms. 6
GO:0046506 sulfolipid biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sulfolipid, a compound containing a sulfonic acid residue joined by a carbon-sulfur bond to a lipid. 6
GO:0000256 allantoin catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of allantoin, (2,5-dioxo-4-imidazolidinyl)urea. 6
GO:0001692 histamine metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving histamine, a physiologically active amine, found in plant and animal tissue and released from mast cells as part of an allergic reaction in humans. 6
GO:0009662 etioplast organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an etioplast. An etioplast is a plastid arrested in the development of chloroplasts from proplastids due to absence of light or low light conditions. 6
GO:0030717 karyosome formation The chromosome organization process in which meiotic chromosomes in the oocyte nucleus cluster together to form a compact spherical structure called the karyosome. 6
GO:0033528 S-methylmethionine cycle A cyclic series of interconversions involving S-methyl-L-methionine, S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine, S-adenosyl-L-methionine, L-homocysteine, and L-methionine. Converts the methionine group of adenosylmethionine back to free methionine, and may serve regulate the cellular adenosylmethionine level. 6
GO:0030199 collagen fibril organization Any process that determines the size and arrangement of collagen fibrils within an extracellular matrix. 6
GO:0032535 regulation of cellular component size A process that modulates the size of a cellular component. 6
GO:0071322 cellular response to carbohydrate stimulus Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a carbohydrate stimulus. 6
GO:0006853 carnitine shuttle The transfer of acyl groups to and from acyl-CoA molecules to form O-acylcarnitine, which can exchange across the mitochondrial inner membrane with unacylated carnitine. 6
GO:0071492 cellular response to UV-A Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a UV-A radiation stimulus. UV-A radiation (UV-A light) spans the wavelengths 400 to 500 nm. 6
GO:0042074 cell migration involved in gastrulation The migration of individual cells within the blastocyst to help establish the multi-layered body plan of the organism (gastrulation). For example, the migration of cells from the surface to the interior of the embryo (ingression). 6
GO:0009085 lysine biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lysine, 2,6-diaminohexanoic acid. 6
GO:0007038 endocytosed protein transport to vacuole The directed movement of proteins imported into a cell by endocytosis to the vacuole. 6
GO:0009088 threonine biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of threonine (2-amino-3-hydroxybutyric acid), a polar, uncharged, essential amino acid found in peptide linkage in proteins. 6
GO:0061192 negative regulation of vacuole fusion, non-autophagic Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the fusion of two vacuole membranes to form a single vacuole. 6
GO:0006851 mitochondrial calcium ion transport The directed movement of calcium ions (Ca2+) into, out of or within a mitochondrion. 6
GO:0009067 aspartate family amino acid biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of amino acids of the aspartate family, comprising asparagine, aspartate, lysine, methionine and threonine. 6
GO:0019482 beta-alanine metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving beta-alanine (3-aminopropanoic acid), an achiral amino acid and an isomer of alanine. It occurs free (e.g. in brain) and in combination (e.g. in pantothenate) but it is not a constituent of proteins. 6
GO:0008057 eye pigment granule organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of intracellular pigment storage granules in the eye. 6
GO:0072660 maintenance of protein location in plasma membrane Any process in which a protein is maintained in a specific location in the plasma membrane, and is prevented from moving elsewhere. 6
GO:0019762 glucosinolate catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucosinolates, substituted thioglucosides found in rapeseed products and related cruciferae. 6
GO:1901695 tyramine biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tyramine. 6
GO:0042183 formate catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of formate, also known as methanoate, the anion HCOO- derived from methanoic (formic) acid. 6
GO:0071383 cellular response to steroid hormone stimulus Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a steroid hormone stimulus. 6
GO:2001289 lipid X metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving lipid X, 2,3-diacylglucosamine 1-phosphate. 6
GO:0051469 vesicle fusion with vacuole The joining of the lipid bilayer membrane around a vesicle with the lipid bilayer membrane around the vacuole. 6
GO:0042905 9-cis-retinoic acid metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving 9-cis-retinoic acid, a metabolically active vitamin A derivative. 6
GO:0006547 histidine metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving histidine, 2-amino-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoic acid. 6
GO:0006779 porphyrin-containing compound biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any member of a large group of derivatives or analogs of porphyrin. Porphyrin consists of a ring of four pyrrole nuclei linked each to the next at their alpha positions through a methine group. 6
GO:0009240 isopentenyl diphosphate biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of isopentenyl diphosphate, an isomer of dimethylallyl diphosphate and the key precursor of all isoprenoids. 6
GO:0035458 cellular response to interferon-beta Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interferon-beta stimulus. Interferon-beta is a type I interferon. 6
GO:0019521 D-gluconate metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving D-gluconate, the anion of D-gluconic acid, the aldonic acid derived from glucose. 6
GO:0045839 negative regulation of mitosis Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of mitosis. Mitosis is the division of the eukaryotic cell nucleus to produce two daughter nuclei that, usually, contain the identical chromosome complement to their mother. 6
GO:0008153 para-aminobenzoic acid biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of para-aminobenzoic acid, an intermediate in the synthesis of folic acid, a compound which some organisms, e.g. prokaryotes, eukaryotic microbes, and plants, can synthesize de novo. Others, notably mammals, cannot. In yeast, it is present as a factor in the B complex of vitamins. 6
GO:0072528 pyrimidine-containing compound biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a pyrimidine-containing compound, i.e. any compound that contains pyrimidine or a formal derivative thereof. 6
GO:0071397 cellular response to cholesterol Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cholesterol stimulus. 6
GO:0000032 cell wall mannoprotein biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cell wall mannoproteins, any cell wall protein that contains covalently bound mannose residues. 6
GO:0060326 cell chemotaxis The directed movement of a motile cell guided by a specific chemical concentration gradient. Movement may be towards a higher concentration (positive chemotaxis) or towards a lower concentration (negative chemotaxis). 6
GO:0009823 cytokinin catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cytokinins, a class of adenine-derived compounds that can function in plants as plant growth regulators. 6
GO:0097316 cellular response to N-acetyl-D-glucosamine Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an N-acetyl-D-glucosamine stimulus. 6
GO:0016569 covalent chromatin modification The alteration of DNA or protein in chromatin by the covalent addition or removal of chemical groups. 6
GO:0006516 glycoprotein catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycoproteins, any protein that contains covalently bound glycose (i.e. monosaccharide) residues; the glycose occurs most commonly as oligosaccharide or fairly small polysaccharide but occasionally as monosaccharide. 6
GO:0009396 folic acid-containing compound biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of folic acid and its derivatives. 6
GO:0080175 phragmoplast microtubule organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of structures formed of microtubules and associated proteins in phragmoplast, a plant cell specific structure that forms during late cytokinesis. Phragmoplast serves as a scaffold for cell plate assembly and subsequent formation of a new cell wall separating the two daughter cells. 6
GO:0000921 septin ring assembly The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of septins and associated proteins to form an organized structure resembling a ring at the cell cortex. 6
GO:0071602 phytosphingosine biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phytosphingosine, (2S,3S,4R)-2-aminooctadecane-1,3,4-triol. 6
GO:0008053 mitochondrial fusion Merging of two or more mitochondria within a cell to form a single compartment. 6
GO:0006608 snRNP protein import into nucleus The directed movement of a small nuclear ribonucleoprotein from the cytoplasm into the nucleus, across the nuclear membrane. 5
GO:0046503 glycerolipid catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycerolipids, any lipid with a glycerol backbone. 5
GO:0043954 cellular component maintenance The organization process that preserves a cellular component in a stable functional or structural state. 5
GO:0044270 cellular nitrogen compound catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of organic and inorganic nitrogenous compounds. 5
GO:0070179 D-serine biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of D-serine, the D-enantiomer of serine, i.e. (2R)-2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoic acid. D-serine is often formed by racemization of L-serine. 5
GO:0000024 maltose biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the disaccharide maltose (4-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-D-glucopyranose). 5
GO:1901194 negative regulation of formation of translation preinitiation complex Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of formation of translation preinitiation complex. 5
GO:0043181 vacuolar sequestering The process of transporting a substance into, and confining within, a vacuole. 5
GO:0002286 T cell activation involved in immune response The change in morphology and behavior of a mature or immature T cell resulting from exposure to a mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or an antigen for which it is specific, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response. 5
GO:0006850 mitochondrial pyruvate transport The directed movement of pyruvate, 2-oxopropanoate, into, out of or within a mitochondrion. 5
GO:0035063 nuclear speck organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of nuclear specks, a class of nuclear body in which splicing factors are localized. 5
GO:0046452 dihydrofolate metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving dihydrofolate, the dihydroxylated derivative of folate. 5
GO:0042098 T cell proliferation The expansion of a T cell population by cell division. Follows T cell activation. 5
GO:0000050 urea cycle The sequence of reactions by which arginine is synthesized from ornithine, then cleaved to yield urea and regenerate ornithine. The overall reaction equation is NH3 + CO2 + aspartate + 3 ATP + 2 H2O = urea + fumarate + 2 ADP + 2 phosphate + AMP + diphosphate. 5
GO:0046900 tetrahydrofolylpolyglutamate metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving tetrahydrofolylpolyglutamate, a folate derivative comprising tetrahydrofolate attached to a chain of glutamate residues. 5
GO:0046739 spread of virus in multicellular host The dissemination of infectious virion particles within an infected host organism. 5
GO:0006596 polyamine biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of polyamines, any organic compound containing two or more amino groups. 5
GO:0031179 peptide modification The covalent alteration of one or more amino acid residues within a peptide, resulting in a change in the properties of that peptide. 5
GO:0035672 oligopeptide transmembrane transport The directed movement of an oligopeptide across a membrane by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Oligopeptides are molecules that contain a small number (2 to 20) of amino-acid residues connected by peptide linkages. 5
GO:0080171 lytic vacuole organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a lytic vacuole. 5
GO:0019370 leukotriene biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of leukotriene, a pharmacologically active substance derived from a polyunsaturated fatty acid, such as arachidonic acid. 5
GO:0052314 phytoalexin metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving phytoalexins, any of a range of substances produced by plants as part of their defense response. 5
GO:0042413 carnitine catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of carnitine (hydroxy-trimethyl aminobutyric acid), a compound that participates in the transfer of acyl groups across the inner mitochondrial membrane. 5
GO:0046700 heterocycle catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of heterocyclic compounds, those with a cyclic molecular structure and at least two different atoms in the ring (or rings). 5
GO:0051068 dihydrolipoamide metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving dihydrolipoamide, the reduced form of lipoamide, produced as an intermediate in the reactions in which lipoamide acts as a cofactor. 5
GO:0010236 plastoquinone biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of plastoquinone, a lipid-soluble electron-transporting coenzyme present in the chloroplast. 5
GO:0006587 serotonin biosynthetic process from tryptophan The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation from tryptophan of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine), a monoamine neurotransmitter occurring in the peripheral and central nervous systems, also having hormonal properties. 5
GO:0043952 protein transport by the Sec complex The process in which unfolded proteins are transported across the cytoplasmic membrane in Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria by the Sec complex, in a process involving proteolytic cleavage of an N-terminal signal peptide. 5
GO:0042759 long-chain fatty acid biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of long-chain fatty acids, any fatty acid with a chain length between C13 and C22. 5
GO:0071354 cellular response to interleukin-6 Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-6 stimulus. 5
GO:0006827 high-affinity iron ion transport The directed, high-affinity movement of iron (Fe) ions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. In high affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations. 5
GO:0042371 vitamin K biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any of the forms of vitamin K, quinone-derived vitamins which are involved in the synthesis of blood-clotting factors in mammals. 5
GO:0019520 aldonic acid metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving aldonic acid, a monocarboxylic acid with a chain of three or more carbon atoms, derived from an aldose by oxidation of the aldehydic group. 5
GO:0060052 neurofilament cytoskeleton organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising neurofilaments and their associated proteins. 5
GO:0009854 oxidative photosynthetic carbon pathway The reactions of the C2 pathway bring about the metabolic conversion of two molecules of 2-phosphoglycolate to one molecule of 3-phosphoglycerate, which can be used by the C3 cycle, and one molecule of carbon dioxide (CO2). 5
GO:0033542 fatty acid beta-oxidation, unsaturated, even number A fatty acid beta-oxidation pathway by which fatty acids having cis-double bonds on even-numbered carbons are degraded. Fatty acid beta-oxidation begins with the addition of coenzyme A to a fatty acid, and ends when only two or three carbons remain (as acetyl-CoA or propionyl-CoA respectively). 5
GO:0045017 glycerolipid biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycerolipids, any lipid with a glycerol backbone. 5
GO:0007007 inner mitochondrial membrane organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the mitochondrial inner membrane. 5
GO:0090410 malonate catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of malonate, the propanedioate ion. 5
GO:0043647 inositol phosphate metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving inositol phosphate, 1,2,3,4,5,6-cyclohexanehexol, with one or more phosphate groups attached. 5
GO:0000055 ribosomal large subunit export from nucleus The directed movement of a ribosomal large subunit from the nucleus into the cytoplasm. 5
GO:0030836 positive regulation of actin filament depolymerization Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of actin depolymerization. 5
GO:0010133 proline catabolic process to glutamate The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of proline into other compounds, including glutamate. 5
GO:0071451 cellular response to superoxide Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a superoxide stimulus. Superoxide is the anion, oxygen-, formed by addition of one electron to dioxygen (O2) or any compound containing the superoxide anion. 5
GO:0006585 dopamine biosynthetic process from tyrosine The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dopamine (3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine) from L-tyrosine, via the metabolic precursor 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine (L-dopa). Dopamine is a catecholamine neurotransmitter and a metabolic precursor of norepinephrine and epinephrine. 5
GO:0031589 cell-substrate adhesion The attachment of a cell to the underlying substrate via adhesion molecules. 5
GO:0022411 cellular component disassembly A cellular process that results in the breakdown of a cellular component. 5
GO:0009095 aromatic amino acid family biosynthetic process, prephenate pathway The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phenylalanine and tyrosine from other compounds, including chorismate, via the intermediate prephenate. 5
GO:0007303 cytoplasmic transport, nurse cell to oocyte The directed movement of cytoplasmic constituents synthesized in the nurse cells to the oocyte. 5
GO:0071484 cellular response to light intensity Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a light intensity stimulus. 5
GO:0006933 negative regulation of cell adhesion involved in substrate-bound cell migration The disassembly of adhesions at the front and rear of a migrating cell. At the leading edge, adhesion disassembly accompanies the formation of new protrusions; at the cell rear, it promotes tail retraction. 5
GO:0002309 T cell proliferation involved in immune response The expansion of a T cell population by cell division as part of an immune response. 5
GO:0071586 CAAX-box protein processing The second process in a series of specific posttranslational modifications to the CAAX box region of CAAX box proteins, in which the last three amino acids of the protein (AAX) are removed by proteolysis. 5
GO:0048550 negative regulation of pinocytosis Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of pinocytosis. Pinocytosis is the process in which cells take in liquid material from their external environment; literally 'cell drinking'. Liquid is enclosed in vesicles, formed by invagination of the plasma membrane. These vesicles then move into the cell and pass their contents to endosomes. 5
GO:0042403 thyroid hormone metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving any of the compounds secreted by the thyroid gland, largely thyroxine and triiodothyronine. 5
GO:0030418 nicotianamine biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nicotianamine, 2(S),3'2(S),3''(S)-N-(N-(3-amino-3-carboxypropyl)-3-amino-3-carboxypropyl)-azetidine-2-carboxylic acid. 5
GO:0033385 geranylgeranyl diphosphate metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving geranylgeranyl diphosphate, a polyprenol compound involved in the biosynthesis of a variety of terpenoids including chlorophylls, carotenoids, tocopherols, plastoquinones, and the plant hormones gibberellins. 5
GO:0019354 siroheme biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of siroheme, a tetrahydroporphyrin with adjacent, reduced pyrrole rings. 5
GO:0045197 establishment or maintenance of epithelial cell apical/basal polarity Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of the apicobasal polarity of an epithelial cell. 5
GO:0001552 ovarian follicle atresia A periodic process in which immature ovarian follicles degenerate and are subsequently re-absorbed. 5
GO:0046219 indolalkylamine biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of indolalkylamines, indole or indole derivatives containing a primary, secondary, or tertiary amine group. 5
GO:0060567 negative regulation of DNA-dependent transcription, termination Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of DNA-dependent transcription termination, the process in which transcription is completed; the formation of phosphodiester bonds ceases, the RNA-DNA hybrid dissociates, and RNA polymerase releases the DNA. 5
GO:0009440 cyanate catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cyanate, NCO-, the anion of cyanic acid. 5
GO:0000025 maltose catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the disaccharide maltose (4-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-D-glucopyranose). 5
GO:0016119 carotene metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving carotenes, hydrocarbon carotenoids. 5
GO:0042373 vitamin K metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving any of the forms of vitamin K, quinone-derived vitamins which are involved in the synthesis of blood-clotting factors in mammals. Vitamin K substances share a methylated naphthoquinone ring structure and vary in the aliphatic side chains attached to the molecule. 5
GO:0045053 protein retention in Golgi apparatus The retention of proteins within the Golgi apparatus. Golgi-localized carbohydrate-modifying enzymes have a short N-terminal domain that faces the cytosol, a single transmembrane alpha helix, and a large C-terminal domain that faces the Golgi lumen and that contains the catalytic site. How the membrane-spanning alpha helix in a Golgi enzyme causes its localization and prevents its movement to the plasma membrane is not known. 5
GO:0010410 hemicellulose metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving hemicelluloses, plant cell wall polysaccharides that have a backbone of 1,4-linked beta-D-pyranosyl residues in which O4 is in the equatorial orientation. Many different hemicelluloses usually occur intermixed with each molecular type representing different degrees of polymerization and contain many different sugar monomers, which can include glucose, xylose, mannose, galactose, and arabinose. Hemicelluloses also contain most of the D-pentose sugars and occasionally small amounts of L-sugars as well. Xylose is always the sugar monomer present in the largest amount, but mannuronic acid and galacturonic acid also tend to be present. 5
GO:0010892 positive regulation of mitochondrial translation in response to stress Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitochondrial translation as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress. 5
GO:0071374 cellular response to parathyroid hormone stimulus Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a parathyroid hormone stimulus. 5
GO:0006702 androgen biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of androgens, C19 steroid hormones that can stimulate the development of male sexual characteristics. 5
GO:0042376 phylloquinone catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phylloquinone, vitamin K1, a quinone-derived compound synthesized by green plants. 5
GO:0019285 glycine betaine biosynthetic process from choline The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of betaine (N-trimethylglycine) from the oxidation of choline. 5
GO:0006072 glycerol-3-phosphate metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycerol-3-phosphate, a phosphoric monoester of glycerol. 5
GO:0050435 beta-amyloid metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving beta-amyloid, a glycoprotein associated with Alzheimer's disease, and its precursor, amyloid precursor protein (APP). 5
GO:0019374 galactolipid metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving galactolipids, any glycolipid containing one of more residues of galactose and/or N-acetylgalactosamine. 5
GO:0071266 'de novo' L-methionine biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-methionine, the L-enantiomer of (2S)-2-amino-4-(methylsulfanyl)butanoic acid, from simpler components. 5
GO:0016259 selenocysteine metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving selenocysteine, an essential component of glutathione peroxidase and some other proteins. 5
GO:0035280 miRNA loading onto RISC involved in gene silencing by miRNA The transfer of a microRNA (miRNA) strand from a miRNA:miRNA duplex onto the RNA-initiated silencing complex (RISC). 5
GO:0071257 cellular response to electrical stimulus Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an electrical stimulus. 5
GO:0006625 protein targeting to peroxisome The process of directing proteins towards the peroxisome, usually using signals contained within the protein. 5
GO:0051157 arabitol catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of arabitol, the pentitol derived from arabinose or lyxose by reduction of the aldehyde group. 5
GO:0071312 cellular response to alkaloid Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an alkaloid stimulus. Alkaloids are a large group of nitrogenous substances found in naturally in plants, many of which have extracts that are pharmacologically active. 5
GO:0046226 coumarin catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of coumarins, compounds derived from the phenylacrylic skeleton of cinnamic acids. 5
GO:0009087 methionine catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of methionine (2-amino-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid), a sulfur-containing, essential amino acid found in peptide linkage in proteins. 5
GO:0042126 nitrate metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving nitrates, inorganic or organic salts and esters of nitric acid. 5
GO:0042362 fat-soluble vitamin biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any of a diverse group of vitamins that are soluble in organic solvents and relatively insoluble in water. 5
GO:0019693 ribose phosphate metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving ribose phosphate, any phosphorylated ribose sugar. 4
GO:0034499 late endosome to Golgi transport The directed movement of substances from late endosomes to the Golgi. 4
GO:0006776 vitamin A metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving any of the vitamin A compounds, retinol, retinal (retinaldehyde) and retinoic acid, all of which are derivatives of beta-carotene. 4
GO:0010381 attachment of peroxisome to chloroplast The process in which a peroxisome is transported to, and/or maintained in, a location adjacent to the chloroplast. 4
GO:0046839 phospholipid dephosphorylation The process of removing one or more phosphate groups from a phosphorylated lipid, any member of a group of substances soluble in lipid solvents but only sparingly soluble in aqueous solvents. 4
GO:0006566 threonine metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving threonine (2-amino-3-hydroxybutyric acid), a polar, uncharged, essential amino acid found in peptide linkage in proteins. 4
GO:0018920 glyphosate metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving glyphosate, a broad-spectrum herbicide also known by the trade name Roundup. It is a member of a broad class of compounds known as phosphonic acids, which contain a direct carbon-to-phosphorus (C-P) bond. 4
GO:0033609 oxalate metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving oxalate, the organic acid ethanedioate. 4
GO:0071361 cellular response to ethanol Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ethanol stimulus. 4
GO:0071453 cellular response to oxygen levels Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus reflecting the presence, absence, or concentration of oxygen. 4
GO:0071478 cellular response to radiation Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an electromagnetic radiation stimulus. Electromagnetic radiation is a propagating wave in space with electric and magnetic components. These components oscillate at right angles to each other and to the direction of propagation. 4
GO:0006518 peptide metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving peptides, compounds of two or more amino acids where the alpha carboxyl group of one is bound to the alpha amino group of another. 4
GO:0070981 L-asparagine biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of asparagine, (2S)-2-amino-3-carbamoylpropanoic acid. 4
GO:0042450 arginine biosynthetic process via ornithine The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of arginine (2-amino-5-guanidinopentanoic acid) via the intermediate compound ornithine. 4
GO:0019447 D-cysteine catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-cysteine, (S)-2-amino-3-mercaptopropanoic acid, which occurs naturally in firefly luciferin. 4
GO:0016104 triterpenoid biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of triterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with six isoprene units. 4
GO:0071323 cellular response to chitin Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chitin stimulus. 4
GO:0018960 4-nitrophenol metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving 4-nitrophenol, a nitroaromatic compound which is used in the production of dyes, leather treatment agents, fungicides and as an intermediate in the production of the insecticide parathion. 4
GO:0002138 retinoic acid biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the biosynthesis of retinoic acid, one of the three components that makes up vitamin A. 4
GO:0009103 lipopolysaccharide biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lipopolysaccharides, any of a group of related, structurally complex components of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. 4
GO:0006550 isoleucine catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of isoleucine, (2R*,3R*)-2-amino-3-methylpentanoic acid. 4
GO:0006578 amino-acid betaine biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any betaine, the N-trimethyl derivative of an amino acid. 4
GO:0019540 siderophore biosynthetic process from catechol The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a siderophore from other compounds, including catechol. 4
GO:0001773 myeloid dendritic cell activation The change in morphology and behavior of a dendritic cell resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor. 4
GO:0070676 intralumenal vesicle formation The evagination of the endosome membrane, resulting in the formation of a vesicle. 4
GO:0017055 negative regulation of RNA polymerase II transcriptional preinitiation complex assembly Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of RNA polymerase II transcriptional preinitiation complex assembly. 4
GO:0050992 dimethylallyl diphosphate biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dimethylallyl diphosphate. 4
GO:0044375 regulation of peroxisome size Any process that modulates the volume of a peroxisome, a small, membrane-bounded organelle that uses dioxygen (O2) to oxidize organic molecules. 4
GO:0065002 intracellular protein transmembrane transport The directed movement of proteins in a cell, from one side of a membrane to another by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. 4
GO:0006597 spermine biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of spermine, a polybasic amine found in human sperm, in ribosomes and in some viruses and involved in nucleic acid packaging. 4
GO:0002407 dendritic cell chemotaxis The movement of a dendritic cell in response to an external stimulus. 4
GO:0019290 siderophore biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of siderophores, low molecular weight Fe(III)-chelating substances made by aerobic or facultatively anaerobic bacteria, especially when growing under iron deficient conditions. The complexes of Fe(3+)-siderophores have very high stability constants and are taken up by specific transport systems by microorganisms; the subsequent release of iron requires enzymatic action. 4
GO:0019079 viral genome replication Any process involved directly in viral genome replication, including viral nucleotide metabolism. 4
GO:0006689 ganglioside catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ganglioside, a ceramide oligosaccharide carrying, in addition to other sugar residues, one or more sialic residues. 4
GO:0006732 coenzyme metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving coenzymes, any of various nonprotein organic cofactors that are required, in addition to an enzyme and a substrate, for an enzymatic reaction to proceed. 4
GO:0007009 plasma membrane organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the plasma membrane. 4
GO:0046167 glycerol-3-phosphate biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycerol-3-phosphate, a phosphoric monoester of glycerol. 4
GO:0046339 diacylglycerol metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving diacylglycerol, a glycerol molecule substituted on the 1 and 2 hydroxyl groups with long chain fatty acyl residues. DAG is a normal intermediate in the biosynthesis of phosphatidyl phospholipids and is released from them by phospholipase C activity. DAG from phosphatidyl inositol polyphosphates is important in signal transduction. 4
GO:0033354 chlorophyll cycle A cyclic series of interconversions involving chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and several chlorophyllide intermediates. 4
GO:0006720 isoprenoid metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving isoprenoid compounds, isoprene (2-methylbuta-1,3-diene) or compounds containing or derived from linked isoprene (3-methyl-2-butenylene) residues. 4
GO:0043697 cell dedifferentiation The process in which a specialized cell loses the structural or functional features that characterize it in the mature organism, or some other relatively stable phase of the organism's life history. Under certain conditions, these cells can revert back to the features of the stem cells that were their ancestors. 4
GO:0000053 argininosuccinate metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving argininosuccinate, 2-(N(omega)-arginino)succinate, an intermediate in the ornithine-urea cycle, where it is synthesized from citrulline and aspartate. 4
GO:0048870 cell motility Any process involved in the controlled self-propelled movement of a cell that results in translocation of the cell from one place to another. 4
GO:0007340 acrosome reaction The discharge, by sperm, of a single, anterior secretory granule following the sperm's attachment to the zona pellucida surrounding the oocyte. The process begins with the fusion of the outer acrosomal membrane with the sperm plasma membrane and ends with the exocytosis of the acrosomal contents into the egg. 4
GO:0006531 aspartate metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving aspartate, the anion derived from aspartic acid, 2-aminobutanedioic acid. 4
GO:0033345 asparagine catabolic process via L-aspartate The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamate, via the intermediate L-aspartate. 4
GO:0010256 endomembrane system organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the endomembrane system. 4
GO:0034219 carbohydrate transmembrane transport The process in which a carbohydrate is transported from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. 4
GO:0018917 fluorene metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving fluorene, a tricyclic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon containing a five-membered ring. It is a major component of fossil fuels and their derivatives and is also a by-product of coal-conversion and energy-related industries. It is commonly found in vehicle exhaust emissions, crude oils, motor oils, coal and oil combustion products, waste incineration, and industrial effluents. 4
GO:0051764 actin crosslink formation The process in which two or more actin filaments are connected together by proteins that act as crosslinks between the filaments. The crosslinked filaments may be on the same or differing axes. 4
GO:0035337 fatty-acyl-CoA metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving a fatty-acyl-CoA, any derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is in thiolester linkage with a fatty-acyl group. 4
GO:0045039 protein import into mitochondrial inner membrane The process comprising the import of proteins into the mitochondrion from outside the organelle and their insertion into the mitochondrial inner membrane. The translocase of the outer membrane complex mediates the passage of these proteins across the outer membrane, after which they are guided by either of two inner membrane translocase complexes into their final destination in the inner membrane. 4
GO:0006663 platelet activating factor biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of platelet activating factor, 1-O-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphocholine, where alkyl = hexadecyl or octadecyl. Platelet activating factor is an inflammatory mediator released from a variety of cells in response to various stimuli. 4
GO:0000147 actin cortical patch assembly Assembly of an actin cortical patch, a discrete actin-containing structure found at the plasma membrane of fungal cells. 4
GO:0007253 cytoplasmic sequestering of NF-kappaB The selective interaction of the transcription factor NF-kappaB with specific molecules in the cytoplasm, thereby inhibiting its translocation into the nucleus. 4
GO:0006641 triglyceride metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving triglyceride, any triester of glycerol. The three fatty acid residues may all be the same or differ in any permutation. Triglycerides are important components of plant oils, animal fats and animal plasma lipoproteins. 4
GO:0046719 regulation by virus of viral protein levels in host cell Any virus-mediated process that modulates the levels of viral proteins in a cell. 4
GO:0046456 icosanoid biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of icosanoids, any of a group of C20 polyunsaturated fatty acids. 4
GO:0005993 trehalose catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of trehalose, a disaccharide isomeric with sucrose and obtained from certain lichens and fungi. 4
GO:0000949 aromatic amino acid family catabolic process to alcohol via Ehrlich pathway The chemical reactions and pathways involving the catabolism of aromatic amino acids to produce aromatic alcohols with one carbon less than the starting amino acid. In S. cerevisiae, this is known to occur for leucine, isoleucine, valine, methionine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, or tryptophan. When an aromatic family amino acid, phenylalanine, tyrosine, or tryptophan, is used as the substrate, 2-phenylethanol, 4-hydroxyphenylethanol, or tryptophol, respectively, is produced. Often referred to as the Ehrlich pathway, these reactions generally occur during fermentation to produce a variety of alcohols, often collectively referred to as fusel alcohols. Depending on the redox state of the cells, carboxylic acid derivatives may be produced instead of alcohols. 4
GO:0000753 cell morphogenesis involved in conjugation with cellular fusion The change in form (cell shape and size) that occurs during sexual reproduction in order to facilitate direct contact between the compatible mating types in organisms that undergo conjugation cellular fusion. 4
GO:0071469 cellular response to alkalinity Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a pH stimulus with pH > 7. 4
GO:0015014 heparan sulfate proteoglycan biosynthetic process, polysaccharide chain biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of polysaccharide chain component of heparan sulfate proteoglycan. 4
GO:0051640 organelle localization Any process in which an organelle is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location. 4
GO:0072606 interleukin-8 secretion The regulated release of interleukin-8 from a cell. 4
GO:0071432 peptide mating pheromone maturation involved in conjugation with cellular fusion The formation of a mature peptide mating pheromone by proteolysis and/or modification of a peptide precursor, occurring in the context of conjugation with cellular fusion. 4
GO:0032220 plasma membrane fusion involved in cytogamy The joining of two or more lipid bilayer membranes that surround cells, that contributes to cytogamy. 4
GO:0006642 triglyceride mobilization The release of triglycerides, any triester of glycerol, from storage within cells or tissues, making them available for metabolism. 4
GO:0019427 acetyl-CoA biosynthetic process from acetate The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acetyl-CoA from acetate, either directly or via acetylphosphate. 4
GO:0034454 microtubule anchoring at centrosome Any process in which a microtubule is maintained in a specific location in a cell by attachment to a centrosome. 4
GO:0031023 microtubule organizing center organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a microtubule organizing center, a structure from which microtubules grow. 4
GO:0016115 terpenoid catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of terpenoids, any member of a class of compounds characterized by an isoprenoid chemical structure. 4
GO:0051596 methylglyoxal catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of methylglyoxal, CH3-CO-CHO, the aldehyde of pyruvic acid. 4
GO:1901661 quinone metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving quinone. 4
GO:0034775 glutathione transmembrane transport A process in which glutathione is transported from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. 4
GO:0016118 carotenoid catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of carotenoids, tetraterpenoid compounds in which two units of 4 isoprenoid residues joined head-to-tail are themselves joined tail-to-tail. 4
GO:0019542 propionate biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of propionate, the anion derived from propionic acid. 4
GO:0006584 catecholamine metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving any of a group of physiologically important biogenic amines that possess a catechol (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) nucleus and are derivatives of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine. 4
GO:0046786 viral replication complex formation and maintenance The process of organizing and assembling viral replication proteins in preparation for viral replication. 4
GO:0046244 salicylic acid catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of salicylic acid (2-hydroxybenzoic acid), a derivative of benzoic acid. 4
GO:0032400 melanosome localization Any process in which a melanosome is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within the cell. 3
GO:0015680 intracellular copper ion transport The directed movement of copper (Cu) ions within a cell. 3
GO:0090241 negative regulation of histone H4 acetylation Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of histone H4 acetylation, the modification of histone H4 by the addition of an acetyl group. 3
GO:0033386 geranylgeranyl diphosphate biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of geranylgeranyl diphosphate. 3
GO:0071674 mononuclear cell migration The movement of a mononuclear cell within or between different tissues and organs of the body. 3
GO:0019450 L-cysteine catabolic process to pyruvate The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-cysteine into other compounds, including pyruvate. 3
GO:0072594 establishment of protein localization to organelle The directed movement of a protein to a specific location on or in an organelle. Encompasses establishment of localization in the membrane or lumen of a membrane-bounded organelle. 3
GO:0032365 intracellular lipid transport The directed movement of lipids within cells. 3
GO:0045491 xylan metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving xylan, a polymer containing a beta-1,4-linked D-xylose backbone. 3
GO:0006620 posttranslational protein targeting to membrane The targeting of proteins to a membrane that occurs after their translation. Some secretory proteins exhibit posttranslational transport into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumen: they are synthesized in their entirety on free cytosolic ribosomes and then released into the cytosol, where they are bound by chaperones which keep them in an unfolded state, and subsequently are translocated across the ER membrane. 3
GO:1900815 monodictyphenone biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of monodictyphenone. 3
GO:0010637 negative regulation of mitochondrial fusion Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of merging of two or more mitochondria within a cell to form a single compartment. 3
GO:0019254 carnitine metabolic process, CoA-linked The chemical reactions and pathways involving carnitine, where metabolism is linked to CoA. 3
GO:0071711 basement membrane organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the basement membrane. 3
GO:0046390 ribose phosphate biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ribose phosphate, any phosphorylated ribose sugar. 3
GO:0019341 dibenzo-p-dioxin catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dibenzo-p-dioxin, a substance composed of two benzene rings linked by two ether bonds. 3
GO:0034502 protein localization to chromosome Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, a specific location on a chromosome. 3
GO:0071455 cellular response to hyperoxia Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating increased oxygen tension. 3
GO:0030382 sperm mitochondrion organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of sperm mitochondria; the process in which they take on their characteristic morphology; they are flattened, elongated, and arranged circumferentially into a tight helical coil around the tail-dense fibers of the mature sperm. 3
GO:0010134 sulfate assimilation via adenylyl sulfate reduction The pathway by which inorganic sulfate is activated, reduced and incorporated into sulfated compounds, where the activated sulfate, adenylyl-sulfate, is reduced to sulfite by the activity of adenylyl-sulfate reductase. 3
GO:0018879 biphenyl metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving biphenyl, a toxic aromatic hydrocarbon used as a heat transfer agent, as a fungistat in packaging citrus fruits and in plant disease control. Biphenyl can be chlorinated with 1-10 chlorine molecules to form polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). 3
GO:1901583 tetrapeptide transmembrane transport The directed movement of tetrapeptide across a membrane. 3
GO:0046488 phosphatidylinositol metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphatidylinositol, any glycophospholipid in which a sn-glycerol 3-phosphate residue is esterified to the 1-hydroxyl group of 1D-myo-inositol. 3
GO:0001320 age-dependent response to reactive oxygen species involved in chronological cell aging Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) occurring in non-dividing cells as they age as a result of reactive oxygen species, where the change varies according to the age of the cell or organism. 3
GO:0006680 glucosylceramide catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucosylceramides, any compound formed by the replacement of the glycosidic hydroxyl group of a cyclic form of glucose by a ceramide group. 3
GO:0019682 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, an important intermediate in glycolysis. 3
GO:0071404 cellular response to low-density lipoprotein particle stimulus Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a low-density lipoprotein particle stimulus. 3
GO:0046417 chorismate metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving chorismate, the anion of (3R-trans)-3-((1-carboxyethenyl)oxy)-4-hydroxy-1,5-cyclohexadiene-1-carboxylic acid. 3
GO:0097306 cellular response to alcohol Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an alcohol stimulus. 3
GO:0006659 phosphatidylserine biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phosphatidylserines, any of a class of glycerophospholipids in which the phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxyl group of L-serine. 3
GO:0009092 homoserine metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving homoserine, alpha-amino-gamma-hydroxybutyric acid, an intermediate in the biosynthesis of cystathionine, threonine and methionine. 3
GO:0031535 plus-end directed microtubule sliding The movement of one microtubule along another microtubule, where the motion is directed towards the plus ends of the microtubules. 3
GO:0051292 nuclear pore complex assembly The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a nuclear pore complex. 3
GO:0042743 hydrogen peroxide metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), a potentially harmful byproduct of aerobic cellular respiration which can cause damage to DNA. 3
GO:0051188 cofactor biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a cofactor, a substance that is required for the activity of an enzyme or other protein. 3
GO:0046486 glycerolipid metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycerolipids, any lipid with a glycerol backbone. Diacylglycerol and phosphatidate are key lipid intermediates of glycerolipid biosynthesis. 3
GO:0006489 dolichyl diphosphate biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dolichyl diphosphate, a diphosphorylated dolichol derivative. 3
GO:0044743 intracellular protein transmembrane import The directed movement of proteins into an intracellular organelle, across a membrane. 3
GO:0051036 regulation of endosome size Any process that modulates the volume of an endosome, a membrane-bounded organelle that carries materials newly ingested by endocytosis. 3
GO:0006563 L-serine metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving L-serine, the L-enantiomer of serine, i.e. (2S)-2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoic acid. 3
GO:0034434 sterol esterification A lipid modification process in which a sterol ester is formed by the combination of a carboxylic acid (often a fatty acid) and a sterol molecule (e.g. cholesterol). 3
GO:0016557 peroxisome membrane biogenesis The process in which a peroxisome membrane is synthesized, aggregates, and bonds together. 3
GO:2000426 negative regulation of apoptotic cell clearance Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic cell clearance. 3
GO:0052837 thiazole biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a thiazole, a five-membered heterocyclic ring structure containing a sulfur in the 1-position and a nitrogen in the 3-position. 3
GO:0080120 CAAX-box protein maturation A series of specific posttranslational modifications to the CAAX box region of CAAX box proteins. CAAX box proteins are eukaryotic proteins that contain a CAAX motif where the C is a cysteine, the two A residues are aliphatic amino acids and the X can be one of several amino acids. The CAAX-box proteins undergo three sequential, enzymatic, post-translational modifications essential to their targeting: First, the proteins are prenylated by one of two prenyltransferases called farnesyltransferase and geranylgeranyltransferase-I. Prenylation results in the covalent attachment of either farnesyl or geranylgeranyl isoprenoid groups to the cysteine in the CAAX box motif. Prenylation is followed by proteolytic removal of the last three amino acids of the protein (AAX). Finally, the newly exposed carboxylate group of the isoprenylcysteine is methylated by an ER-associated prenyl-dependent carboxylmethyltransferase. 3
GO:0071481 cellular response to X-ray Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of X-ray radiation. An X-ray is a form of electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength in the range of 10 nanometers to 100 picometers (corresponding to frequencies in the range 30 PHz to 3 EHz). 3
GO:0090110 cargo loading into COPII-coated vesicle The formation of a protein complex between the COPII coat proteins and proteins that are going to be transported by the COPII vesicle to the Golgi. 3
GO:0045332 phospholipid translocation The movement of a phospholipid molecule from one leaflet of a membrane bilayer to the opposite leaflet. 3
GO:0071371 cellular response to gonadotropin stimulus Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a gonadotropin stimulus. 3
GO:0008064 regulation of actin polymerization or depolymerization Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly or disassembly of actin filaments by the addition or removal of actin monomers from a filament. 3
GO:0001775 cell activation A change in the morphology or behavior of a cell resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand. 3
GO:0072489 methylammonium transmembrane transport The directed movement of methylammonium across a membrane by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. 3
GO:0019371 cyclooxygenase pathway The chemical reactions and pathways by which prostaglandins are formed from arachidonic acid, and in which prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase (cyclooxygenase) catalyzes the committed step in the conversion of arachidonic acid to the prostaglandin-endoperoxides PGG2 and PGH2. 3
GO:0046344 ecdysteroid catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ecdysteroids, a group of polyhydroxylated ketosteroids which initiate post-embryonic development. 3
GO:0071291 cellular response to selenium ion Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from selenium ion. 3
GO:0009448 gamma-aminobutyric acid metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA, 4-aminobutyrate), an amino acid which acts as a neurotransmitter in some organisms. 3
GO:0032418 lysosome localization Any process in which a lysosome is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location. 3
GO:0006490 oligosaccharide-lipid intermediate biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an oligosaccharide-lipid intermediate, such as a molecule of dolichol-P-man or dolicol-P-Glc used in N-linked glycosylation. 3
GO:0046202 cyanide biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cyanide, NC-, the anion of hydrocyanic acid. Cyanide is a potent inhibitor of respiration. 3
GO:0071494 cellular response to UV-C Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a UV-C radiation stimulus. UV-C radiation (UV-C light) spans the wavelengths 100 to 290 nm. 3
GO:0007026 negative regulation of microtubule depolymerization Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule depolymerization; prevention of depolymerization of a microtubule can result from binding by 'capping' at the plus end (e.g. by interaction with another cellular protein of structure) or by exposing microtubules to a stabilizing drug such as taxol. 3
GO:0001516 prostaglandin biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of prostaglandins, any of a group of biologically active metabolites which contain a cyclopentane ring. 3
GO:0032211 negative regulation of telomere maintenance via telomerase Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of telomeric repeats by telomerase. 3
GO:0031081 nuclear pore distribution Any process that establishes the spatial arrangement of nuclear pores within the nuclear envelope. 3
GO:0010024 phytochromobilin biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phytochromobilin, which involves the oxidative cleavage of heme by a heme oxygenase(HO) to form biliverdin IX alpha. 3
GO:0071393 cellular response to progesterone stimulus Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a progesterone stimulus. 3
GO:0048103 somatic stem cell division The self-renewing division of a somatic stem cell, a stem cell that can give rise to cell types of the body other than those of the germ-line. 3
GO:0032197 transposition, RNA-mediated Any process involved in a type of transpositional recombination which occurs via an RNA intermediate. 3
GO:0008037 cell recognition The process in which a cell in a multicellular organism interprets its surroundings. 3
GO:0071218 cellular response to misfolded protein Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a misfolded protein stimulus. 3
GO:0051791 medium-chain fatty acid metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving medium-chain fatty acids, any fatty acid with a chain length of between C6 and C12. 3
GO:0019628 urate catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of urate, the anion of uric acid, 2,6,8-trioxypurine. 3
GO:0015678 high-affinity copper ion transport The directed, high-affinity movement of copper (Cu) ions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. In high affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations. 3
GO:0019402 galactitol metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving galactitol, the hexitol derived by the reduction of the aldehyde group of either D- or L-galactose. 3
GO:0090407 organophosphate biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the biosynthesis of deoxyribose phosphate, the phosphorylated sugar 2-deoxy-erythro-pentose. 3
GO:0042816 vitamin B6 metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving any of the vitamin B6 compounds: pyridoxal, pyridoxamine and pyridoxine and the active form, pyridoxal phosphate. 3
GO:0070414 trehalose metabolism in response to heat stress The chemical reactions and pathways involving trehalose that occur as a result of a heat stimulus, a temperature stimulus above the optimal temperature for that organism. 3
GO:0019991 septate junction assembly The assembly of a septate junction, an intercellular junction found in invertebrate epithelia that is characterized by a ladder like appearance in electron micrographs and thought to provide structural strength and to provide a barrier to diffusion of solutes through the intercellular space. 3
GO:0033396 beta-alanine biosynthetic process via 3-ureidopropionate The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of beta-alanine via the intermediate 3-ureidopropionate. 3
GO:0080173 male-female gamete recognition during double fertilization The initial contact step made between the male gamete and the female gamete during double fertilization. An example can be found in Arabidopsis thaliana. 3
GO:0019626 short-chain fatty acid catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of fatty acids with a chain length of less than C6. 3
GO:0042819 vitamin B6 biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any of the vitamin B6 compounds; pyridoxal, pyridoxamine and pyridoxine and the active form, pyridoxal phosphate. 3
GO:0002281 macrophage activation involved in immune response A change in morphology and behavior of a macrophage resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response. 3
GO:2001307 xanthone-containing compound biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a xanthone-containing compound. 3
GO:0033562 cotranscriptional gene silencing by small RNA A process in which the targeting of nascent transcripts by the RITS complex mediates chromatin modifications and promotes the degradation of nascent transcripts synthesized in heterochromatic regions. 3
GO:0032984 macromolecular complex disassembly The disaggregation of a macromolecular complex into its constituent components. 3
GO:0042364 water-soluble vitamin biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any of a diverse group of vitamins that are soluble in water. 3
GO:0006670 sphingosine metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving sphingosine (sphing-4-enine), trans-D-erytho-2-amino-octadec-4-ene-1,3-diol, a long chain amino diol sphingoid base that occurs in most sphingolipids in animal tissues. 3
GO:0046222 aflatoxin metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving aflatoxin, a fungal metabolite found as a contaminant in moldy grains that induces liver cancer. Aflatoxin induces a G to T transversion at codon 249 of p53, leading to its inactivation. Aflatoxin is converted to a chemical carcinogen by P450. 3
GO:0006658 phosphatidylserine metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphatidylserines, any of a class of glycerophospholipids in which the phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxyl group of L-serine. They are important constituents of cell membranes. 3
GO:0030951 establishment or maintenance of microtubule cytoskeleton polarity Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of polarized microtubule-based cytoskeletal structures. 3
GO:0071545 inositol phosphate catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of an inositol phosphate, 1,2,3,4,5,6-cyclohexanehexol, with one or more phosphate groups attached. 3
GO:0016999 antibiotic metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving an antibiotic, a substance produced by or derived from certain fungi, bacteria, and other organisms, that can destroy or inhibit the growth of other microorganisms. 3
GO:0007343 egg activation The process in which the egg becomes metabolically active, initiates protein and DNA synthesis and undergoes structural changes to its cortex and/or cytoplasm. 3
GO:0046938 phytochelatin biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phytochelatins, any of a group of peptides that bind metals (Cd, Zn, Cu, Pb, Hg) in thiolate coordination complexes. The structure is of the type (gamma-glutamyl-cysteinyl)n-glycine, where n is 2 to 11. 3
GO:0042989 sequestering of actin monomers The selective interaction of actin monomers with specific molecules that inhibit their polymerization by preventing their access to other monomers. 3
GO:0010383 cell wall polysaccharide metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving cell wall polysaccharides. 3
GO:0030423 targeting of mRNA for destruction involved in RNA interference The process in which small interfering RNAs target cognate mRNA molecules for degradation. 3
GO:0019458 methionine catabolic process via 2-oxobutanoate The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of methionine, via the intermediate 2-oxobutanoate. 3
GO:0006078 (1->6)-beta-D-glucan biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (1->6)-beta-D-glucans. 3
GO:0007039 vacuolar protein catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein in the vacuole, usually by the action of vacuolar proteases. 3
GO:0034109 homotypic cell-cell adhesion The attachment of a cell to a second cell of the identical type via adhesion molecules. 3
GO:0090374 oligopeptide export from mitochondrion The directed movement of oligopeptides out of mitochondria into the cytosol by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Oligopeptides are molecules that contain a small number (2 to 20) of amino-acid residues connected by peptide linkages. 3
GO:0035444 nickel cation transmembrane transport The directed movement of nickel (Ni) cations across a membrane by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. 3
GO:0019428 allantoin biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of allantoin, (2,5-dioxo-4-imidazolidinyl)urea. 3
GO:0071223 cellular response to lipoteichoic acid Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lipoteichoic acid stimulus; lipoteichoic acid is a major component of the cell wall of gram-positive bacteria and typically consists of a chain of glycerol-phosphate repeating units linked to a glycolipid anchor. 3
GO:0019481 L-alanine catabolic process, by transamination The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-alanine by transamination. 3
GO:0016562 protein import into peroxisome matrix, receptor recycling The process in which peroxisome targeting sequence receptors dissociates from cargo proteins and are returned to the cytosol. 3
GO:0072527 pyrimidine-containing compound metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving a pyrimidine-containing compound, i.e. any compound that contains pyrimidine or a formal derivative thereof. 2
GO:0030327 prenylated protein catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of prenylated proteins. 2
GO:0045026 plasma membrane fusion The joining of two or more lipid bilayer membranes that surround a cell. 2
GO:0006691 leukotriene metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving leukotriene, a pharmacologically active substance derived from a polyunsaturated fatty acid, such as arachidonic acid. 2
GO:0000183 chromatin silencing at rDNA Repression of transcription of ribosomal DNA by altering the structure of chromatin. 2
GO:0016560 protein import into peroxisome matrix, docking The process in which a complex formed of a peroxisome targeting sequence (PTS) receptor bound to a PTS-bearing protein docks with translocation machinery in the preoxisomal membrane. 2
GO:0030149 sphingolipid catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of sphingolipids, any of a class of lipids containing the long-chain amine diol sphingosine or a closely related base (a sphingoid). 2
GO:0033514 L-lysine catabolic process to acetyl-CoA via L-pipecolate The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-lysine into other compounds, including acetyl-CoA, via the intermediate L-pipecolate. 2
GO:0009064 glutamine family amino acid metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving amino acids of the glutamine family, comprising arginine, glutamate, glutamine and proline. 2
GO:0036112 medium-chain fatty-acyl-CoA metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving medium-chain fatty-acyl-CoAs, any derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is in a thioester linkage with a long-chain fatty-acyl group. A medium-chain fatty acid is a fatty acid with a chain length of between C6 and C12. 2
GO:0019695 choline metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving choline (2-hydroxyethyltrimethylammonium), an amino alcohol that occurs widely in living organisms as a constituent of certain types of phospholipids and in the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. 2
GO:0070592 cell wall polysaccharide biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a polysaccharide destined to form part of a cell wall. 2
GO:0033506 glucosinolate biosynthetic process from homomethionine The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucosinolates from other compounds including homomethionine. 2
GO:0033955 mitochondrial DNA inheritance The process in which copies of the mitochondrial genome are distributed into daughter mitochondria upon mitochondrial fission. 2
GO:0045048 protein insertion into ER membrane The process that results in incorporation of a protein into an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane. It depends on specific topogenic sequences of amino acids that ensure that a protein acquires the proper orientation during its insertion into the ER membrane. 2
GO:0006580 ethanolamine metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving ethanolamine (2-aminoethanol), an important water-soluble base of phospholipid (phosphatidylethanolamine). 2
GO:0030207 chondroitin sulfate catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of chondroitin sulfate, any member of a group of 10-60 kDa glycosaminoglycans, widely distributed in cartilage and other mammalian connective tissues, the repeat units of which consist of beta-(1,4)-linked D-glucuronyl beta-(1,3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine sulfate. 2
GO:0019404 galactitol catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of galactitol, the hexitol derived by the reduction of the aldehyde group of either D- or L-galactose. 2
GO:0016336 establishment or maintenance of polarity of larval imaginal disc epithelium Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of a polarized larval imaginal disc epithelium. 2
GO:0015677 copper ion import The directed movement of copper ions into a cell or organelle. 2
GO:0070278 extracellular matrix constituent secretion The controlled release of molecules that form the extracellular matrix, including carbohydrates and glycoproteins by a cell. 2
GO:0032324 molybdopterin cofactor biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the molybdopterin cofactor (Moco), essential for the catalytic activity of some enzymes, e.g. sulfite oxidase, xanthine dehydrogenase, and aldehyde oxidase. The cofactor consists of a mononuclear molybdenum (Mo-molybdopterin) or tungsten ion (W-molybdopterin) coordinated by one or two molybdopterin ligands. 2
GO:1990052 ER to chloroplast lipid transport The directed movement of a lipid from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the chloroplast. 2
GO:0051875 pigment granule localization Any process in which a pigment granule is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within the cell. 2
GO:1901315 negative regulation of histone H2A K63-linked ubiquitination Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of histone H2A K63-linked ubiquitination. 2
GO:0019448 L-cysteine catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-cysteine, the L-enantiomer of 2-amino-3-mercaptopropanoic acid, i.e. (2R)-2-amino-3-mercaptopropanoic acid. 2
GO:0035865 cellular response to potassium ion Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a potassium ion stimulus. 2
GO:0071770 DIM/DIP cell wall layer assembly The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components, including (phenyl)phthiocerol, phthiodiolone, phthiotriol dimycocerosate and diphthioceranate, to form the DIM/DIP layer of the Actinobacterium-type cell wall. 2
GO:0043414 macromolecule methylation The covalent attachment of a methyl residue to one or more monomeric units in a polypeptide, polynucleotide, polysaccharide, or other biological macromolecule. 2
GO:0043316 cytotoxic T cell degranulation The regulated exocytosis of secretory granules containing preformed mediators such as perforin and granzymes by a cytotoxic T cell. 2
GO:0030835 negative regulation of actin filament depolymerization Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of actin depolymerization. 2
GO:0048096 chromatin-mediated maintenance of transcription Maintenance of transcription by remodelling of chromatin into an 'open configuration'. Once established, this regulation is mitotically stable and is maintained over many cell divisions. It is also heritable. 2
GO:0071287 cellular response to manganese ion Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a manganese ion stimulus. 2
GO:0042427 serotonin biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine), a monoamine neurotransmitter occurring in the peripheral and central nervous systems, also having hormonal properties. 2
GO:0010324 membrane invagination The infolding of a membrane, resulting in formation of a vesicle. 2
GO:0030033 microvillus assembly Formation of a microvillus, a thin cylindrical membrane-covered projection on the surface of a cell. 2
GO:0032049 cardiolipin biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cardiolipin, 1,3-bis(3-phosphatidyl)glycerol. 2
GO:0019424 sulfide oxidation, using siroheme sulfite reductase A sulfide oxidation process that proceeds via the reaction catalyzed by siroheme sulfite reductase. 2
GO:0042420 dopamine catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dopamine, a catecholamine neurotransmitter and a metabolic precursor of noradrenaline and adrenaline. 2
GO:0071769 mycolate cell wall layer assembly The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components, including arabinogalactan mycolate and trehalose dimycolate, to form the mycolate layer of the Actinobacterium-type cell wall. The mycolate layer is physically attached to the peptidoglycan layer. 2
GO:0034625 fatty acid elongation, monounsaturated fatty acid Elongation of a fatty acid chain into which one C-C double bond has been introduced. 2
GO:0006748 lipoamide metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving lipoamide, the functional form of lipoic acid in which the carboxyl group is attached to protein by an amide linkage to a lysine amino group. 2
GO:0008154 actin polymerization or depolymerization Assembly or disassembly of actin filaments by the addition or removal of actin monomers from a filament. 2
GO:0019353 protoporphyrinogen IX biosynthetic process from glutamate The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of protoporphyrinogen IX from other compounds, including glutamate. 2
GO:0009065 glutamine family amino acid catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of amino acids of the glutamine family, comprising arginine, glutamate, glutamine and proline. 2
GO:0033617 mitochondrial respiratory chain complex IV assembly The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form respiratory chain complex IV (also known as cytochrome c oxidase) in the mitochondrial inner membrane. 2
GO:0043320 natural killer cell degranulation The regulated exocytosis of secretory granules containing preformed mediators such as perforin and granzymes by a natural killer cell. 2
GO:0006729 tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tetrahydrobiopterin, the reduced form of biopterin (2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-(1,2-dihydroxypropyl)-pteridine). It functions as a hydroxylation coenzyme, e.g. in the conversion of phenylalanine to tyrosine. 2
GO:0071244 cellular response to carbon dioxide Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a carbon dioxide (CO2) stimulus. 2
GO:0071452 cellular response to singlet oxygen Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a singlet oxygen stimulus. Singlet oxygen is a dioxygen (O2) molecule in which two 2p electrons have similar spin. Singlet oxygen is more highly reactive than the form in which these electrons are of opposite spin, and it is produced in mutant chloroplasts lacking carotenoids and by leukocytes during metabolic burst. 2
GO:0035964 COPI-coated vesicle budding The evagination of a Golgi membrane, resulting in formation of a COPI-coated vesicle. 2
GO:0007329 positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by pheromones Any process involving pheromones that activates or increases the rate of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter. 2
GO:0060101 negative regulation of phagocytosis, engulfment Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the internalization of bacteria, immune complexes and other particulate matter or of an apoptotic cell by phagocytosis. 2
GO:0045216 cell-cell junction organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cell-cell junction. A cell-cell junction is a specialized region of connection between two cells. 2
GO:0010245 radial microtubular system formation Formation of radial microtubular systems during male meiotic cytokinesis in plants. 2
GO:0019528 D-arabitol catabolic process to xylulose 5-phosphate The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-arabitol to form xylulose 5-phosphate. D-arabitol is converted into D-xylulose, which is then phosphorylated to form D-xylulose-5-phosphate. 2
GO:0071313 cellular response to caffeine Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a caffeine stimulus. Caffeine is an alkaloid found in numerous plant species, where it acts as a natural pesticide that paralyzes and kills certain insects feeding upon them. 2
GO:0006671 phytosphingosine metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving phytosphingosine, (2S,3S,4R)-2-aminooctadecane-1,3,4-triol, a constituent of many plant sphingolipids. 2
GO:0051490 negative regulation of filopodium assembly Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly of a filopodium, a thin, stiff protrusion extended by the leading edge of a motile cell such as a crawling fibroblast or amoeba, or an axonal growth cone. 2
GO:0046434 organophosphate catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of organophosphates, any phosphate-containing organic compound. 2
GO:0042558 pteridine-containing compound metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving any compound containing pteridine (pyrazino(2,3-dipyrimidine)), e.g. pteroic acid, xanthopterin and folic acid. 2
GO:0033615 mitochondrial proton-transporting ATP synthase complex assembly The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a proton-transporting ATP synthase in the mitochondrial inner membrane. 2
GO:0010457 centriole-centriole cohesion The process in which the two centrioles within a centrosome remain tightly paired. 2
GO:0090414 molybdate ion export from vacuole The directed movement of molybdate ions out of the vacuole. 2
GO:0030258 lipid modification The covalent alteration of one or more fatty acids in a lipid, resulting in a change in the properties of the lipid. 2
GO:0018931 naphthalene metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving naphthalene, a fused ring bicyclic aromatic hydrocarbon commonly found in crude oil and oil products. Naphthalene is familiar as the compound that gives mothballs their odor; it is used in the manufacture of plastics, dyes, solvents, and other chemicals, as well as being used as an antiseptic and insecticide. 2
GO:0051573 negative regulation of histone H3-K9 methylation Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the covalent addition of a methyl group to the lysine at position 9 of histone H3. 2
GO:0030242 peroxisome degradation The process in which peroxisomes are delivered to the vacuole and degraded in response to changing nutrient conditions. 2
GO:0043689 cell-cell adhesion involved in flocculation The attachment of one cell to another cell via adhesion molecules, occurring as a part of the non-sexual aggregation of single-celled organisms. 2
GO:0016094 polyprenol biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of polyprenols, prenols with more than 4 isoprenoid residues, which may be all-trans, or a mixture of cis and trans. 2
GO:0046341 CDP-diacylglycerol metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving CDP-diacylglycerol, CDP-1,2-diacylglycerol, a substance composed of diacylglycerol in glycosidic linkage with cytidine diphosphate. It is a common intermediate in phospholipid biosynthesis. 2
GO:0009245 lipid A biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lipid A, the glycolipid group of bacterial lipopolysaccharides, consisting of six fatty acyl chains linked to two glucosamine residues. 2
GO:0018131 oxazole or thiazole biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of oxazole or thiazole, five-membered heterocyclic ring structures containing an oxygen and a sulfur, respectively, in the 1-position and a nitrogen in the 3-position. 2
GO:0042853 L-alanine catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-alanine, the L-enantiomer of 2-aminopropanoic acid, i.e. (2S)-2-aminopropanoic acid. 2
GO:0006523 alanine biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of alanine, 2-aminopropanoic acid. 2
GO:0019419 sulfate reduction The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the reduction of sulfate to another sulfur-containing ion or compound such as hydrogen sulfide, adenosine-phosphosulfate (APS) or thiosulfate. 2
GO:0046181 ketogluconate catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ketogluconate, the anion of ketogluconic acid, an aldonic acid derived from glucose containing a ketonic carbonyl group. 2
GO:0051278 fungal-type cell wall polysaccharide biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the polysaccharides which make up the fungal-type cell wall. 2
GO:0000301 retrograde transport, vesicle recycling within Golgi The retrograde movement of substances within the Golgi, mediated by COP I vesicles. Cis-Golgi vesicles are constantly moving forward through the Golgi stack by cisternal progression, eventually becoming trans-Golgi vesicles. They then selectively transport membrane and luminal proteins from the trans- to the medial-Golgi while leaving others behind in the trans-Golgi cisternae; similarly, they selectively move proteins from the medial- to the cis-Golgi. 2
GO:0010927 cellular component assembly involved in morphogenesis The cellular component assembly that is part of the initial shaping of the component during its developmental progression. 2
GO:0048284 organelle fusion The creation of a single organelle from two or more organelles. 2
GO:0048278 vesicle docking The initial attachment of a transport vesicle membrane to the target membrane, mediated by proteins protruding from the membrane of the vesicle and the target membrane. Docking requires only that the two membranes come close enough for these proteins to interact and adhere. 2
GO:0006684 sphingomyelin metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving sphingomyelin, N-acyl-4-sphingenyl-1-O-phosphorylcholine, any of a class of phospholipids in which the amino group of sphingosine is in amide linkage with one of several fatty acids, while the terminal hydroxyl group of sphingosine is esterified to phosphorylcholine. 2
GO:0022028 tangential migration from the subventricular zone to the olfactory bulb The migration of cells in the telencephalon from the subventricular zone to the olfactory bulb in which cells move orthogonally to the direction of radial migration and do not use radial glial cell processes as substrates for migration. 2
GO:0072553 terminal button organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a terminal button. A terminal button is the terminal inflated portion of the axon, containing the specialized apparatus necessary to release neurotransmitters. 2
GO:0036182 asperthecin metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving asperthecin, an anthraquinone pigment obtained from the mould Aspergillus nidulans. 2
GO:0020027 hemoglobin metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving hemoglobin, including its uptake and utilization. 2
GO:0044257 cellular protein catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein by individual cells. 2
GO:0043542 endothelial cell migration The orderly movement of an endothelial cell into the extracellular matrix to form an endothelium. 2
GO:0016024 CDP-diacylglycerol biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of CDP-diacylglycerol, CDP-1,2-diacylglycerol, a substance composed of diacylglycerol in glycosidic linkage with cytidine diphosphate. 2
GO:0080149 sucrose induced translational repression Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate of translation as a result of increase in sucrose level. 2
GO:1901697 olivetolic acid biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of olivetolic acid. 2
GO:0042726 flavin-containing compound metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving a flavin, any derivative of the dimethylisoalloxazine (7,8-dimethylbenzo[g]pteridine-2,4(3H,10H)-dione) skeleton, with a substituent on the 10 position. 2
GO:0008207 C21-steroid hormone metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving C21-steroid hormones, steroid compounds containing 21 carbons which function as hormones. 2
GO:0046391 5-phosphoribose 1-diphosphate metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving 5-phosphoribose 1-diphosphate, also known as 5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate. 2
GO:0042438 melanin biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of melanins, pigments largely of animal origin. High molecular weight polymers of indole quinone, they are irregular polymeric structures and are divided into three groups: allomelanins in the plant kingdom and eumelanins and phaeomelanins in the animal kingdom. 2
GO:0006900 membrane budding The evagination of a membrane, resulting in formation of a vesicle. 2
GO:0042340 keratan sulfate catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of keratan sulfate, a glycosaminoglycan with repeat units consisting of beta-1,4-linked D-galactopyranosyl-beta-(1,4)-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 6-sulfate and with variable amounts of fucose, sialic acid and mannose units; keratan sulfate chains are covalently linked by a glycosidic attachment through the trisaccharide galactosyl-galactosyl-xylose to peptidyl-threonine or serine residues. 2
GO:0006544 glycine metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycine, aminoethanoic acid. 2
GO:0071578 zinc ion transmembrane import The directed movement of zinc ions across a membrane into a cell or organelle. 2
GO:0019265 glycine biosynthetic process, by transamination of glyoxylate The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycine by the transamination of glyoxylate. 2
GO:0031032 actomyosin structure organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures containing both actin and myosin or paramyosin. The myosin may be organized into filaments. 2
GO:0051691 cellular oligosaccharide metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving oligosaccharides, molecules with between two and (about) 20 monosaccharide residues connected by glycosidic linkages, as carried out by individual cells. 2
GO:0019348 dolichol metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving dolichols, any 2,3-dihydropolyprenol derived from four or more linked isoprene units. 2
GO:0030043 actin filament fragmentation The severing of actin filaments into numerous short fragments, usually mediated by actin severing proteins. 1
GO:0051418 microtubule nucleation by microtubule organizing center The 'de novo' formation of a microtubule, mediated by the microtubule organizing center. 1
GO:0060242 contact inhibition The cellular process in which cells stop growing or dividing in response to increased cell density. 1
GO:0030705 cytoskeleton-dependent intracellular transport The directed movement of substances along cytoskeletal elements such as microfilaments or microtubules within a cell. 1
GO:0019418 sulfide oxidation The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the conversion of sulfide to elemental sulfur in a higher oxidation state, or to sulfite or sulfate. 1
GO:0042430 indole-containing compound metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving compounds that contain an indole (2,3-benzopyrrole) skeleton. 1
GO:0006562 proline catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of proline (pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid), a chiral, cyclic, nonessential alpha-amino acid found in peptide linkage in proteins. 1
GO:0043618 regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to stress Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress. The stress is usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation). 1
GO:1901949 5alpha,9alpha,10beta-labda-8(20),13-dien-15-yl diphosphate biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 5alpha,9alpha,10beta-labda-8(20),13-dien-15-yl diphosphate. 1
GO:0051531 NFAT protein import into nucleus The directed movement of NFAT (nuclear factor of activated T cells) proteins, a family of transcription factors, from the cytoplasm into the nucleus. NFAT proteins are dephosphorylated in the cytoplasm by activated calcineurin, which leads to their translocation across the nuclear membrane. 1
GO:0042423 catecholamine biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any of a group of physiologically important biogenic amines that possess a catechol (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) nucleus and are derivatives of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine. 1
GO:0080028 nitrile biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a nitrile, an organic compound containing trivalent nitrogen attached to one carbon atom. 1
GO:0019281 L-methionine biosynthetic process from homoserine via O-succinyl-L-homoserine and cystathionine The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-methionine from other compounds, including homoserine, via the intermediates O-succinyl-L-homoserine and cystathionine. 1
GO:0048858 cell projection morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of a cell projection are generated and organized. 1
GO:0071367 cellular response to brassinosteroid stimulus Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a brassinosteroid stimulus. 1
GO:0051494 negative regulation of cytoskeleton organization Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures. 1
GO:0071417 cellular response to organic nitrogen Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an organic nitrogen stimulus. An organic nitrogen compound is formally a compound containing at least one carbon-nitrogen bond. 1
GO:1901708 (+)-3'-hydroxylarreatricin biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (+)-3'-hydroxylarreatricin. 1
GO:0090391 granum assembly A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly of a granum. A granum is a distinct stack of lamellae seen within chloroplasts. 1
GO:0071283 cellular response to iron(III) ion Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an iron(III) ion stimulus. 1
GO:0019242 methylglyoxal biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of methylglyoxal, CH3-CO-CHO, the aldehyde of pyruvic acid. 1
GO:0045456 ecdysteroid biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ecdysteroids, a group of polyhydroxylated ketosteroids which initiate post-embryonic development. 1
GO:0071918 urea transmembrane transport The process in which urea, the water-soluble compound H2N-CO-NH2, is transported from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. 1
GO:0006781 succinyl-CoA pathway The chemical reactions that utilize succinyl-CoA in the synthesis of protoporphyrin IX. 1
GO:0075733 intracellular transport of viral material The directed movement of the viral genome or the intact virus (virion) within the host cell cytoplasm. 1
GO:0000769 syncytium formation by mitosis without cytokinesis The formation of a syncytium, a mass of cytoplasm containing several nuclei enclosed within a single plasma membrane, by one or more rounds of nuclear division without cytokinesis. 1
GO:0009244 lipopolysaccharide core region biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the core region of bacterial lipopolysaccharides, which contains ten saccharide residues. 1
GO:0043558 regulation of translational initiation in response to stress Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of translation initiation, as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress. 1
GO:0030200 heparan sulfate proteoglycan catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of proteoglycan containing heparan sulfate, any member of a group of glycosaminoglycans that have repeat units consisting of alternating alpha-(1->4) linked hexuronic acid and glucosamine residues, the former being a mixture of sulfated and nonsulfated D-glucuronic and L-iduronic acids, and the latter being either sulfated or acetylated on its amino group as well as sulfated on one of its hydroxyl groups. 1
GO:0033587 shikimate biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of shikimate, (3R,4S,5R)--3,4,5-trihydroxycyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxylate, the anion of shikimic acid. 1
GO:0035087 siRNA loading onto RISC involved in RNA interference The transfer of small interfering RNA molecules (siRNAs) from the Dicer family of enzymes that cleave the double-stranded RNA, onto the nuclease-containing RNA-initiated silencing complex (RISC), in the context of RNA interference. 1
GO:0009071 serine family amino acid catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of amino acids of the serine family, comprising cysteine, glycine, homoserine, selenocysteine and serine. 1
GO:0070527 platelet aggregation The adhesion of one platelet to one or more other platelets via adhesion molecules. 1
GO:0006769 nicotinamide metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving nicotinamide, pyridine-3-carboxamide, the amide of nicotinic acid. It is a member of the B complex of vitamins and occurs widely in living organisms. 1
GO:0034463 90S preribosome assembly The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and RNA molecules to form a 90S preribosome. The 90S preribosome represents the complex that forms on the primary rRNA transcript before it splits into the small subunit and large subunit portions. 1
GO:0006613 cotranslational protein targeting to membrane The targeting of proteins to a membrane that occurs during translation. The transport of most secretory proteins, particularly those with more than 100 amino acids, into the endoplasmic reticulum lumen occurs in this manner, as does the import of some proteins into mitochondria. 1
GO:0071497 cellular response to freezing Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a freezing stimulus, temperatures below 0 degrees Celsius. 1
GO:0042425 choline biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of choline (2-hydroxyethyltrimethylammonium), an amino alcohol that occurs widely in living organisms as a constituent of certain types of phospholipids and in the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. 1
GO:0015012 heparan sulfate proteoglycan biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the heparan sulfate proteoglycan, a glycosaminoglycan with repeat unit consisting of alternating alpha-(1->4)-linked hexuronic acid and glucosamine residues; the former are a mixture of sulfated and nonsulfated D-glucuronic acid and L-iduronic acid; the L-iduronic acid is either sulfated or acetylated on its amino group as well as being sulfated on one of its hydroxyl groups; heparan sulfate chains are covalently linked to peptidyl-serine by a glycosidic attachment through the trisaccharide galactosyl-galactosyl-xylosyl to serine residues. 1
GO:0000973 posttranscriptional tethering of RNA polymerase II gene DNA at nuclear periphery The chromosome organization process in which the DNA sequence containing a gene transcribed by RNA polymerase II is maintained in a specific location at the nuclear periphery even after transcription has been repressed. 1
GO:1901709 (+)-larreatricin metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving (+)-larreatricin. 1
GO:0071766 Actinobacterium-type cell wall biogenesis A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a cell wall of the type found in Actinobacteria. The cell wall is the rigid or semi-rigid envelope lying outside the cell membrane. Actinobacterial cell walls contain characteristic mycolic acids, of which some are covalently linked to the cell wall peptidoglycan and others accumulate at the cell surface. 1
GO:0009093 cysteine catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cysteine, 2-amino-3-mercaptopropanoic acid. 1
GO:0060811 intracellular mRNA localization involved in anterior/posterior axis specification Any process in which mRNA is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location within the oocyte and/or syncytial embryo that contributes to the specification of the anterior/posterior axis. 1
GO:0008298 intracellular mRNA localization Any process in which mRNA is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location within the cell. 1
GO:0009242 colanic acid biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of colanic acid, a capsular bacterial polysaccharide. 1
GO:1901946 miltiradiene biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of miltiradiene. 1
GO:0072709 cellular response to sorbitol Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a sorbitol stimulus. 1
GO:0035524 proline transmembrane transport The directed movement of proline, pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid, across a membrane by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. 1
GO:0045218 zonula adherens maintenance Maintaining the zonula adherens junction, the cell-cell adherens junction formed near the apex of epithelial cells. 1
GO:0071454 cellular response to anoxia Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating a decline in oxygen levels to trace amounts, <0.1%. 1
GO:0035928 rRNA import into mitochondrion The directed movement of rRNA, ribosomal ribonucleic acid, from the cytoplasm into a mitochondrion. 1
GO:0046651 lymphocyte proliferation The expansion of a lymphocyte population by cell division. 1
GO:0046464 acylglycerol catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acylglycerol, any mono-, di- or triester of glycerol with (one or more) fatty acids. 1
GO:0016260 selenocysteine biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of selenocysteine, an essential component of glutathione peroxidase and some other proteins. 1
GO:0008611 ether lipid biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ether lipids, lipids that contain (normally) one lipid alcohol in ether linkage to one of the carbon atoms (normally C-1) of glycerol. 1
GO:0042439 ethanolamine-containing compound metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving ethanolamine (2-aminoethanol) and compounds derived from it. 1
GO:0006801 superoxide metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving superoxide, the superoxide anion O2- (superoxide free radical), or any compound containing this species. 1
GO:1901962 S-adenosyl-L-methionine transmembrane transport The directed movement of S-adenosyl-L-methionine across a membrane. 1
GO:0051647 nucleus localization Any process in which the nucleus is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within the cell. 1
GO:1901948 5alpha,9alpha,10beta-labda-8(20),13-dien-15-yl diphosphate catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 5alpha,9alpha,10beta-labda-8(20),13-dien-15-yl diphosphate. 1
GO:0044010 single-species biofilm formation A process in which microorganisms of the same species attach to and grow on a surface such, and produce extracellular polymers that facilitate attachment and matrix formation, resulting in an alteration in the phenotype of the organisms with respect to growth rate and gene transcription. 1
GO:0006690 icosanoid metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving icosanoids, any of a group of C20 polyunsaturated fatty acids. 1
GO:0034508 centromere complex assembly The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and centromeric DNA molecules to form a centromeric protein-DNA complex. Includes the formation of the chromatin structures which form a platform for the kinetochore, and assembly of the kinetochore onto this specialized chromatin. In fission yeast and higher eukaryotes this process also includes the formation of heterochromatin at the outer repeat (pericentric) regions of the centromere. 1
GO:0042710 biofilm formation A process in which microorganisms irreversibly attach to and grow on a surface and produce extracellular polymers that facilitate attachment and matrix formation, resulting in an alteration in the phenotype of the organisms with respect to growth rate and gene transcription. 1
GO:0048789 cytoskeletal matrix organization at active zone The assembly and arrangement of cytomatrix proteins to form complexes in the cell cortex beneath the active zone, i.e. just beneath the presynaptic plasma membrane. 1
GO:0010241 ent-kaurene oxidation to kaurenoic acid The three successive oxidations of the 4-methyl group of ent-kaurene to form ent-kaur-16-en-19-oate, kaurenoic acid. This process may be carried out entirely by the enzyme ent-kaurene oxidase. 1
GO:0043649 dicarboxylic acid catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dicarboxylic acids, any organic acid containing two carboxyl (-COOH) groups. 1
GO:0035089 establishment of apical/basal cell polarity The specification and formation of the polarity of a cell along its apical/basal axis. 1
GO:0019381 atrazine catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of atrazine, a triazine ring-containing herbicide. 1
GO:0032510 endosome to lysosome transport via multivesicular body sorting pathway The directed movement of substances from endosomes to lysosomes by a pathway in which molecules are sorted into multivesicular bodies, which then fuse with the lysosome. 1
GO:0006553 lysine metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving lysine, 2,6-diaminohexanoic acid. 1
GO:0006667 sphinganine metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving sphinganine, D-erythro-2-amino-1,3-octadecanediol. 1
GO:0017001 antibiotic catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of antibiotic, a substance produced by or derived from certain fungi, bacteria, and other organisms, that can destroy or inhibit the growth of other microorganisms. 1
GO:0071995 phytochelatin import into vacuole The directed movement of phytochelatins into the vacuole. Phytochelatins are a group of peptides that bind metals (Cd, Zn, Cu, Pb, Hg) in thiolate coordination complexes. 1
GO:0017126 nucleologenesis A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a nucleolus, a small, dense body one or more of which are present in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. 1
GO:0019577 aldaric acid metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving aldaric acid, any dicarboxylic acid formed by oxidation of by the terminal groups of an aldose to carboxyl group. 1
GO:0043650 dicarboxylic acid biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dicarboxylic acids, any organic acid containing two carboxyl (-COOH) groups. 1
GO:1901699 cellular response to nitrogen compound Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nitrogen compound stimulus. 1
GO:0034411 cell wall (1->3)-beta-D-glucan biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (1->3)-beta-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-beta-D-glucosidic bonds, found in the walls of cells. 1
GO:0010028 xanthophyll cycle A cyclic series of interconversions involving three xanthophylls, violoxanthin, antheraxanthin, and zeaxanthin. The xanthophyll cycle is involved in regulating energy dissipation in light harvesting complex II. 1
GO:0055130 D-alanine catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-alanine, the D-enantiomer of the amino acid alanine. 1
GO:0036051 protein localization to trailing edge A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, the trailing edge. The trailing edge is the area of a motile cell opposite to the direction of movement. 1
GO:0042113 B cell activation The change in morphology and behavior of a mature or immature B cell resulting from exposure to a mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or an antigen for which it is specific. 1
GO:0019400 alditol metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving alditols, any polyhydric alcohol derived from the acyclic form of a monosaccharide by reduction of its aldehyde or keto group to an alcoholic group. 1
GO:0071441 negative regulation of histone H3-K14 acetylation Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of an acetyl group to histone H3 at position 14 of the histone. 1
GO:0042417 dopamine metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving dopamine, a catecholamine neurotransmitter and a metabolic precursor of noradrenaline and adrenaline. 1
GO:0051483 terpenoid biosynthetic process, mevalonate-independent The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of terpenoids, independent of mevalonate. Isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) is the fundamental unit in terpenoid biosynthesis, and in mevalonate-independent biosynthesis, it is produced from pyruvate and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate via intermediates including 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate. 1
GO:0060155 platelet dense granule organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a platelet dense granule. A platelet dense granule is an electron-dense granule occurring in blood platelets that stores and secretes adenosine nucleotides and serotonin. They contain a highly condensed core consisting of serotonin, histamine, calcium, magnesium, ATP, ADP, pyrophosphate and membrane lysosomal proteins. 1
GO:0070058 tRNA gene clustering The process in which tRNA genes, which are not linearly connected on the chromosome, are transported in three dimensions to, and maintained together in, the nucleolus. This clustered positioning leads to transcriptional silencing of nearby RNA polymerase II promoters (termed tRNA gene mediated (tgm) silencing) in S. cerevisiae. 1
GO:0031407 oxylipin metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving any oxylipin, any of a group of biologically active compounds formed by oxidative metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids. 1
GO:0032472 Golgi calcium ion transport The directed movement of calcium ions (Ca2+) into, out of or within the Golgi apparatus. 1
GO:0034553 mitochondrial respiratory chain complex II assembly The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form respiratory chain complex II, in the mitochondrial inner membrane. 1
GO:0006593 ornithine catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ornithine, an amino acid only rarely found in proteins, but which is important in living organisms as an intermediate in the reactions of the urea cycle and in arginine biosynthesis. 1
GO:0070508 cholesterol import The directed movement of cholesterol into a cell or organelle. 1
GO:0006408 snRNA export from nucleus The directed movement of snRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. 1
GO:0048363 mucilage pectin metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving the pectin component of mucilage. 1
GO:0036078 minus-end specific microtubule depolymerization The removal of tubulin heterodimers from the minus end of a microtubule. 1
GO:0001539 ciliary or bacterial-type flagellar motility Cell motility due to movement of cilia or flagella. 1
GO:0006649 phospholipid transfer to membrane The transfer of a phospholipid from its site of synthesis to the plasma membrane. 1
GO:0010496 intercellular transport The movement of substances between cells in a multicellular organism. 1
GO:0019543 propionate catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of propionate, the anion derived from propionic acid. 1
GO:0043094 cellular metabolic compound salvage Any process which produces a useful metabolic compound from derivatives of it without de novo synthesis, as carried out by individual cells. 1
GO:0034626 fatty acid elongation, polyunsaturated fatty acid Elongation of a fatty acid chain into which two or more C-C double bonds have been introduced. 1
GO:0051511 negative regulation of unidimensional cell growth Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of unidimensional cell growth, the process in which a cell irreversibly increases in size in one [spatial] dimension or along one axis. 1
GO:0015911 plasma membrane long-chain fatty acid transport The directed movement of long-chain fatty acids across the plasma membrane. A long-chain fatty acid is a fatty acid with a chain length between C13 and C22. 1
GO:0006038 cell wall chitin biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cell wall chitin, a linear polysaccharide consisting of beta-(1->4)-linked N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues, found in the walls of cells. 1
GO:0019941 modification-dependent protein catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds, initiated by the covalent modification of the target protein. 1
GO:0050983 deoxyhypusine biosynthetic process from spermidine The chemical reactions resulting in the formation of deoxyhypusine from spermidine by the enzyme [eIF-5A]-deoxyhypusine synthase. The reaction occurs in four steps: 1. spermidine + NAD+ = dehydrospermidine + NADH + H+; 2. dehydrospermidine + [enzyme]-lysine = 1,3-diaminopropane + [enzyme]-lysine-N6=CH(CH2)3NH2; 3. [enzyme]-lysine-N6=CH(CH2)3NH2 = [eIF-5A]-lysine-N6=CH(CH2)3NH2; 4. [eIF-5A]-lysine-N6=CH(CH2)3NH2 + NADH + H+ = [eIF-5A]-deoxyhypusine + NAD+. 1
GO:0043604 amide biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an amide, any derivative of an oxoacid in which an acidic hydroxy group has been replaced by an amino or substituted amino group. 1
GO:0071391 cellular response to estrogen stimulus Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of stimulus by an estrogen, C18 steroid hormones that can stimulate the development of female sexual characteristics. 1
GO:0045321 leukocyte activation A change in morphology and behavior of a leukocyte resulting from exposure to a specific antigen, mitogen, cytokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor. 1
GO:0071574 protein localization to medial cortex A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, the medial cortex. 1
GO:0043574 peroxisomal transport Transport of substances into, out of or within a peroxisome, a small, membrane-bounded organelle that uses dioxygen (O2) to oxidize organic molecules. 1
GO:0071242 cellular response to ammonium ion Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ammonium ion stimulus. 1
GO:0030328 prenylcysteine catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of prenylcysteine, 3-methyl-2-buten-1-yl-cysteine, a derivative of the amino acid cysteine formed by the covalent addition of a prenyl residue. 1
GO:0071344 diphosphate metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving diphosphate, the anion or salt of diphosphoric acid. 1
GO:0006405 RNA export from nucleus The directed movement of RNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. 1
GO:0034265 isopentenyl adenine biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the cytokinin 6-isopentenyladenine. 1
GO:0034195 L-galactonate catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-galactonate, the anion of L-galactonic acid. 1
GO:0016031 tRNA import into mitochondrion The directed movement of tRNA, transfer ribonucleic acid, from the cytoplasm into a mitochondrion. 1
GO:0009663 plasmodesma organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a plasmodesma, a fine cytoplasmic channel, found in all higher plants, that connects the cytoplasm of one cell to that of an adjacent cell. 1
GO:0046901 tetrahydrofolylpolyglutamate biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tetrahydrofolylpolyglutamate, a folate derivative comprising tetrahydrofolate attached to a chain of glutamate residues. 1
GO:0042401 cellular biogenic amine biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways occurring at the level of individual cells resulting in the formation of any of a group of naturally occurring, biologically active amines, such as norepinephrine, histamine, and serotonin, many of which act as neurotransmitters. 1
GO:0033521 phytyl diphosphate biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phytyl diphosphate, (2E)-3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadec-2-en-1-yl trihydrogen diphosphate. 1
GO:0014909 smooth muscle cell migration The orderly movement of a smooth muscle cell from one site to another, often during the development of a multicellular organism. 1
GO:0070178 D-serine metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving D-serine, the D-enantiomer of serine, i.e. (2R)-2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoic acid. 1
GO:0016318 ommatidial rotation The process in which photoreceptors are arranged in ommatidia in the dorsal and ventral fields to be mirror images. The polarity is established in the imaginal discs concurrently with cell fate specification. 1
GO:0042851 L-alanine metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving L-alanine, the L-enantiomer of 2-aminopropanoic acid, i.e. (2S)-2-aminopropanoic acid. 1
GO:0008608 attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore The process in which spindle microtubules become physically associated with the proteins making up the kinetochore complex. 1
GO:0071480 cellular response to gamma radiation Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a gamma radiation stimulus. Gamma radiation is a form of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) or light emission of a specific frequency produced from sub-atomic particle interaction, such as electron-positron annihilation and radioactive decay. Gamma rays are generally characterized as EMR having the highest frequency and energy, and also the shortest wavelength, within the electromagnetic radiation spectrum. 1
GO:0032527 protein exit from endoplasmic reticulum The directed movement of proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum. 1
GO:0042426 choline catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of choline (2-hydroxyethyltrimethylammonium), an amino alcohol that occurs widely in living organisms as a constituent of certain types of phospholipids and in the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. 1
GO:0031623 receptor internalization A receptor-mediated endocytosis process that results in the movement of receptors from the plasma membrane to the inside of the cell. The process begins when cell surface receptors are monoubiquitinated following ligand-induced activation. Receptors are subsequently taken up into endocytic vesicles from where they are either targeted to the lysosome or vacuole for degradation or recycled back to the plasma membrane. 1
GO:0010761 fibroblast migration Cell migration that is accomplished by extension and retraction of a fibroblast pseudopodium. A fibroblast is a connective tissue cell which secretes an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules. 1
GO:0043043 peptide biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of peptides, compounds of 2 or more (but usually less than 100) amino acids where the alpha carboxyl group of one is bound to the alpha amino group of another. This may include the translation of a precursor protein and its subsequent processing into a functional peptide. 1
GO:0031534 minus-end directed microtubule sliding The movement of one microtubule along another microtubule, where the motion is directed towards the minus ends of the microtubules. 1
GO:0070462 plus-end specific microtubule depolymerization The removal of tubulin heterodimers from the plus end of a microtubule. 1
GO:0006343 establishment of chromatin silencing The initial formation of a transcriptionally silent chromatin structure such as heterochromatin. 1
GO:0071325 cellular response to mannitol stimulus Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a sucrose stimulus. 1
GO:1901601 strigolactone biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of strigolactone. 1
GO:0031276 negative regulation of lateral pseudopodium assembly Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly of pseudopodia from the lateral side of the cell. 1
GO:0043619 regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to oxidative stress Modulation of the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under oxidative stress, a state often resulting from exposure to high levels of reactive oxygen species, e.g. superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radicals. 1
GO:0030595 leukocyte chemotaxis The movement of a leukocyte in response to an external stimulus. 1
GO:0035437 maintenance of protein localization in endoplasmic reticulum Any process in which a protein is maintained in the endoplasmic reticulum and prevented from moving elsewhere. These include sequestration within the endoplasmic reticulum, protein stabilization to prevent transport elsewhere and the active retrieval of proteins that escape the endoplasmic reticulum. 1
GO:0006788 heme oxidation The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the loss of electrons from one or more atoms in heme. 1
GO:0030837 negative regulation of actin filament polymerization Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of actin polymerization. 1
GO:0071996 glutathione import into vacuole The directed movement of glutathione into the vacuole. 1
GO:0006710 androgen catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of androgens, C19 steroid hormones that can stimulate the development of male sexual characteristics. 1
GO:0009252 peptidoglycan biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of peptidoglycans, any of a class of glycoconjugates found in bacterial cell walls. 1
GO:0006543 glutamine catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamine, 2-amino-4-carbamoylbutanoic acid. 1
GO:0042206 halogenated hydrocarbon catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of halogenated hydrocarbons, any hydrocarbon with one or more halogen atoms attached to it. 1
GO:1990019 protein storage vacuole organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a protein storage vacuole, a storage vacuole that contains a lytic vacuole. 1
GO:0036155 acylglycerol acyl-chain remodeling Remodeling the acyl chains of an acylglycerol, through sequential deacylation and re-acylation reactions, to generate an acylglycerol containing different types of fatty acid acyl chains. 1
GO:0006784 heme a biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of heme a, a derivative of heme found in cytochrome aa3. 1
GO:0019629 propionate catabolic process, 2-methylcitrate cycle The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of propionate that occurs in the 2-methylcitrate cycle. 1
GO:0071500 cellular response to nitrosative stress Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nitrosative stress stimulus. Nitrosative stress is a state often resulting from exposure to high levels of nitric oxide (NO) or the highly reactive oxidant peroxynitrite, which is produced following interaction of NO with superoxide anions. 1
GO:0045150 acetoin catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetoin, 3-hydroxy-2-butanone. 1
GO:0015947 methane metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving methane, a colorless, odorless, flammable gas with the formula CH4. It is the simplest of the alkanes. 1
GO:0051312 chromosome decondensation The alteration of chromosome structure from the condensed form to a relaxed disperse form. 1
GO:0051572 negative regulation of histone H3-K4 methylation Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the covalent addition of a methyl group to the lysine at position 4 of histone H3. 1
GO:0046471 phosphatidylglycerol metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphatidylglycerols, any of a class of phospholipids in which the phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxyl group of glycerol. They are important constituents of cell membranes. 1
GO:0052865 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate, the 5-phospho derivative of 1-deoxy-D-xylulose. 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate is an intermediate in the non-mevalonate pathway and a common precursor for isoprenoid, thiamin, and pyridoxol biosynthesis. 1
GO:0042191 methylmercury metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving methylmercury (MeHg+), a highly toxic organometal which can accumulate in tissues, particularly in fish species. 1
GO:0042964 thioredoxin biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of thioredoxin, a small disulfide-containing redox protein that serves as a general protein disulfide oxidoreductase. 1
GO:0070409 carbamoyl phosphate biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of carbamoyl phosphate, an intermediate in the urea cycle and other nitrogen compound metabolic pathways. 1