Go terms map to parent GO term: GO:0019538   protein metabolic process
GOID
Link to GO
 Functional Category Description Protein Count
link to
protein list
GO:0006511 ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds, initiated by the covalent attachment of a ubiquitin group, or multiple ubiquitin groups, to the protein. 383
GO:0006508 proteolysis The hydrolysis of proteins into smaller polypeptides and/or amino acids by cleavage of their peptide bonds. 377
GO:0006457 protein folding The process of assisting in the covalent and noncovalent assembly of single chain polypeptides or multisubunit complexes into the correct tertiary structure. 372
GO:0043161 proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds, initiated by the covalent attachment of ubiquitin, and mediated by the proteasome. 262
GO:0010498 proteasomal protein catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds that is mediated by the proteasome. 250
GO:0006412 translation The cellular metabolic process in which a protein is formed, using the sequence of a mature mRNA molecule to specify the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain. Translation is mediated by the ribosome, and begins with the formation of a ternary complex between aminoacylated initiator methionine tRNA, GTP, and initiation factor 2, which subsequently associates with the small subunit of the ribosome and an mRNA. Translation ends with the release of a polypeptide chain from the ribosome. 237
GO:0031145 anaphase-promoting complex-dependent proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds, initiated by the covalent attachment of ubiquitin, with ubiquitin-protein ligation catalyzed by the anaphase-promoting complex, and mediated by the proteasome. 213
GO:0042026 protein refolding The process carried out by a cell that restores the biological activity of an unfolded or misfolded protein, using helper proteins such as chaperones. 158
GO:0051604 protein maturation Any process leading to the attainment of the full functional capacity of a protein. 131
GO:0030433 ER-associated protein catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of proteins transported from the endoplasmic reticulum and targeted to cytoplasmic proteasomes for degradation. This process acts on misfolded proteins as well as in the regulated degradation of correctly folded proteins. 128
GO:0010304 PSII associated light-harvesting complex II catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of one or more components of the light-harvesting complex of photosystem II. 106
GO:0008054 cyclin catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cyclins, proteins whose levels in a cell varies markedly during the cell cycle, and which play key roles in regulating cell cycle phase transitions. 98
GO:0061077 chaperone-mediated protein folding The process of inhibiting aggregation and assisting in the covalent and noncovalent assembly of single chain polypeptides or multisubunit complexes into the correct tertiary structure that is dependent on interaction with a chaperone. 90
GO:0043335 protein unfolding The process of assisting in the disassembly of non-covalent linkages in a protein or protein aggregate, often where the proteins are in a non-functional or denatured state. 88
GO:0051085 chaperone mediated protein folding requiring cofactor The process of assisting in the correct posttranslational noncovalent assembly of proteins, which is dependent on additional protein cofactors. This process occurs over one or several cycles of nucleotide hydrolysis-dependent binding and release. 85
GO:0030163 protein catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein by the destruction of the native, active configuration, with or without the hydrolysis of peptide bonds. 82
GO:0051603 proteolysis involved in cellular protein catabolic process The hydrolysis of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein as part of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein by individual cells. 69
GO:0071630 nucleus-associated proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of misfolded proteins via a mechanism in which the proteins are transported to the nucleus for ubiquitination, and then targeted to proteasomes for degradation. 64
GO:0006464 cellular protein modification process The covalent alteration of one or more amino acids occurring in proteins, peptides and nascent polypeptides (co-translational, post-translational modifications) occurring at the level of an individual cell. Includes the modification of charged tRNAs that are destined to occur in a protein (pre-translation modification). 61
GO:0044267 cellular protein metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving a specific protein, rather than of proteins in general, occurring at the level of an individual cell. Includes cellular protein modification. 60
GO:0006465 signal peptide processing The proteolytic removal of a signal peptide from a protein during or after transport to a specific location in the cell. 50
GO:0007220 Notch receptor processing The series of successive proteolytic cleavages of the Notch protein, which result in an active form of the receptor. 49
GO:0051086 chaperone mediated protein folding independent of cofactor The process of assisting in the correct noncovalent assembly of posttranslational proteins and does not depend on additional protein cofactors. This function occurs over one or more cycles of nucleotide-dependent binding and release. 46
GO:0010499 proteasomal ubiquitin-independent protein catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds that is mediated by the proteasome but do not involve ubiquitin. 46
GO:0043162 ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process via the multivesicular body sorting pathway The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide covalently tagged with ubiquitin, via the multivesicular body (MVB) sorting pathway; ubiquitin-tagged proteins are sorted into MVBs, and delivered to a lysosome/vacuole for degradation. 45
GO:0010206 photosystem II repair Proteolysis of the damaged D1 protein and re-assembly of a new D1 subunit in the photosystem II following photoinhibition. 36
GO:0033619 membrane protein proteolysis The proteolytic cleavage of a transmembrane protein leading to the release of its intracellular or ecto-domains. 36
GO:0070389 chaperone cofactor-dependent protein refolding The process of assisting in the restoration of the biological activity of an unfolded or misfolded protein, which is dependent on additional protein cofactors. This process occurs over one or several cycles of nucleotide hydrolysis-dependent binding and release. 35
GO:0016485 protein processing Any protein maturation process achieved by the cleavage of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein. Protein maturation is the process leading to the attainment of the full functional capacity of a protein. 32
GO:0006515 misfolded or incompletely synthesized protein catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of misfolded or attenuated proteins. 32
GO:0031146 SCF-dependent proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds, initiated by the covalent attachment of ubiquitin, with ubiquitin-protein ligation catalyzed by an SCF (Skp1/Cul1/F-box protein) complex, and mediated by the proteasome. 32
GO:0051083 'de novo' cotranslational protein folding The process of assisting in the correct noncovalent assembly of the ribosome-bound nascent chains of a multidomain protein whilst other parts of the protein are still being translated. 30
GO:0006777 Mo-molybdopterin cofactor biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the Mo-molybdopterin cofactor, essential for the catalytic activity of some enzymes. The cofactor consists of a mononuclear molybdenum (Mo) ion coordinated by one or two molybdopterin ligands. 27
GO:0071596 ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process via the N-end rule pathway The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide covalently tagged with ubiquitin, via the N-end rule pathway. In the N-end rule pathway, destabilizing N-terminal residues (N-degrons) in substrates are recognized by E3 ligases (N-recognins), whereupon the substrates are linked to ubiquitin and then delivered to the proteasome for degradation. 27
GO:0051084 'de novo' posttranslational protein folding The process of assisting in the correct noncovalent folding of newly formed polypeptides or folding intermediates of polypeptides that have exited the ribosome and/or have been stabilized and transferred by other chaperone proteins. This process could involve several cycles of ATP hydrolysis. 26
GO:0031638 zymogen activation The proteolytic processing of an inactive enzyme to an active form. 25
GO:0010620 negative regulation of transcription by transcription factor catabolism Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA-dependent transcription using a mechanism that involves the catabolism of a sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds, initiated by the covalent attachment of ubiquitin, and mediated by the proteasome. 23
GO:0030206 chondroitin sulfate biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of chondroitin sulfate, any member of a group of 10-60 kDa glycosaminoglycans, widely distributed in cartilage and other mammalian connective tissues, the repeat units of which consist of beta-(1,4)-linked D-glucuronyl beta-(1,3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine sulfate. 22
GO:0034205 beta-amyloid formation The generation of beta-amyloid by cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein (APP). 20
GO:0006124 ferredoxin metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving ferredoxin, any simple, nonenzymatic iron-sulfur protein that is characterized by having equal numbers of atoms of iron and labile sulfur. Iron and sulfur atoms are present in one or two clusters of two or four atoms of each. 17
GO:0006627 protein processing involved in protein targeting to mitochondrion The cleavage of peptide bonds in proteins, usually near the N terminus, contributing to the process of import into the mitochondrion. Several different peptidases mediate cleavage of proteins destined for different mitochondrial compartments. 16
GO:0034975 protein folding in endoplasmic reticulum A protein folding process that takes place in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Secreted, plasma membrane and organelle proteins are folded in the ER, assisted by chaperones and foldases (protein disulphide isomerases), and additional factors required for optimal folding (ATP, Ca2+ and an oxidizing environment to allow disulfide bond formation). 16
GO:0071712 ER-associated misfolded protein catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of misfolded proteins transported from the endoplasmic reticulum and targeted to cytoplasmic proteasomes for degradation. 16
GO:0042987 amyloid precursor protein catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of amyloid precursor protein (APP), the precursor of beta-amyloid, a glycoprotein associated with Alzheimer's disease. 15
GO:0071629 cytoplasm-associated proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of misfolded proteins in the cytoplasm, which are targeted to cytoplasmic proteasomes for degradation. 14
GO:0072671 mitochondria-associated protein catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of proteins transported from mitochondria and targeted to cytoplasmic proteasomes for degradation as a response to oxidative stress conditions. 14
GO:0007174 epidermal growth factor catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of epidermal growth factor (EGF), following internalization of the receptor-bound ligand into the signal-receiving cell. Full breakdown of epidermal growth factor results in a ligand that is unable to bind and activate its receptor. 14
GO:0042541 hemoglobin biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hemoglobin, an oxygen carrying, conjugated protein containing four heme groups and globin. 14
GO:0006458 'de novo' protein folding The process of assisting in the folding of a nascent peptide chain into its correct tertiary structure. 13
GO:0022417 protein maturation by protein folding The process of assisting in the covalent and noncovalent assembly of single chain polypeptides or multisubunit complexes into the correct tertiary structure that results in the attainment of the full functional capacity of a protein. 13
GO:0006624 vacuolar protein processing Protein processing that takes place in the vacuole. Most protein processing in the vacuole represents proteolytic cleavage of precursors to form active enzymes. 12
GO:0030091 protein repair The process of restoring a protein to its original state after damage by such things as oxidation or spontaneous decomposition of residues. 10
GO:0006509 membrane protein ectodomain proteolysis The proteolytic cleavage of transmembrane proteins and release of their ectodomain (extracellular domain). 10
GO:0007597 blood coagulation, intrinsic pathway A protein activation cascade that contributes to blood coagulation and consists of the interactions among high molecular weight kininogen, prekallikrein, and factor XII that lead to the activation of clotting factor X. 8
GO:0010405 arabinogalactan protein metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving a cell wall arabinogalactan II glycoprotein, which is composed of a group of core protein of highly varying length and domain complexity. These are O-glycosylated at one or more hydroxyproline residues by arabinogalactan (AG) type II groups, which consist of (1->3)-beta-galactan and (1->6)-beta-linked galactan chains connected to each other by (1->3,1->6)-linked branch points, O-3 and O-6 positions substituted with terminal arabinosyl residues. Also, rhamnose, fucose, glucuronic and galacturonic acid can be present in the glycan structures. 7
GO:0007023 post-chaperonin tubulin folding pathway Completion of folding of alpha- and beta-tubulin; takes place subsequent to chaperonin-mediated partial folding; mediated by a complex of folding cofactors. 7
GO:0034982 mitochondrial protein processing The peptide cleavage of mitochondrial proteins, including cleavage contributing to their import. 7
GO:0043328 protein targeting to vacuole involved in ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process via the multivesicular body sorting pathway The process of directing proteins towards the vacuole using signals contained within the protein, occurring that contributes to protein catabolism via the multivesicular body (MVB) pathway. 7
GO:0097428 protein maturation by iron-sulfur cluster transfer The transfer of an assembled iron-sulfur cluster from a scaffold protein to an acceptor protein that contributes to the attainment of the full functional capacity of a protein. 6
GO:0000032 cell wall mannoprotein biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cell wall mannoproteins, any cell wall protein that contains covalently bound mannose residues. 6
GO:0006516 glycoprotein catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycoproteins, any protein that contains covalently bound glycose (i.e. monosaccharide) residues; the glycose occurs most commonly as oligosaccharide or fairly small polysaccharide but occasionally as monosaccharide. 6
GO:1901143 insulin catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of insulin. 5
GO:0071586 CAAX-box protein processing The second process in a series of specific posttranslational modifications to the CAAX box region of CAAX box proteins, in which the last three amino acids of the protein (AAX) are removed by proteolysis. 5
GO:0002003 angiotensin maturation The process leading to the attainment of the full functional capacity of angiotensin by conversion of renin substrate into mature angiotensin in the blood. 4
GO:0042157 lipoprotein metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving any conjugated, water-soluble protein in which the nonprotein group consists of a lipid or lipids. 4
GO:0015014 heparan sulfate proteoglycan biosynthetic process, polysaccharide chain biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of polysaccharide chain component of heparan sulfate proteoglycan. 4
GO:0071432 peptide mating pheromone maturation involved in conjugation with cellular fusion The formation of a mature peptide mating pheromone by proteolysis and/or modification of a peptide precursor, occurring in the context of conjugation with cellular fusion. 4
GO:0016540 protein autoprocessing Processing which a protein carries out itself. This involves actions such as the autolytic removal of residues to generate the mature form of the protein. 3
GO:0080120 CAAX-box protein maturation A series of specific posttranslational modifications to the CAAX box region of CAAX box proteins. CAAX box proteins are eukaryotic proteins that contain a CAAX motif where the C is a cysteine, the two A residues are aliphatic amino acids and the X can be one of several amino acids. The CAAX-box proteins undergo three sequential, enzymatic, post-translational modifications essential to their targeting: First, the proteins are prenylated by one of two prenyltransferases called farnesyltransferase and geranylgeranyltransferase-I. Prenylation results in the covalent attachment of either farnesyl or geranylgeranyl isoprenoid groups to the cysteine in the CAAX box motif. Prenylation is followed by proteolytic removal of the last three amino acids of the protein (AAX). Finally, the newly exposed carboxylate group of the isoprenylcysteine is methylated by an ER-associated prenyl-dependent carboxylmethyltransferase. 3
GO:0007323 peptide pheromone maturation The generation of a mature, active peptide pheromone via processes unique to its processing and modification. An example of this process is found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 3
GO:0031639 plasminogen activation The process in which inactive plasminogen is processed to active plasmin. This process includes cleavage at an internal Arg-Val site to form an N-terminal A-chain and C-terminal B-chain held together by a disulfide bond, and can include further proteolytic cleavage events to remove the preactivation peptide. 3
GO:0007039 vacuolar protein catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein in the vacuole, usually by the action of vacuolar proteases. 3
GO:0030327 prenylated protein catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of prenylated proteins. 2
GO:0030207 chondroitin sulfate catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of chondroitin sulfate, any member of a group of 10-60 kDa glycosaminoglycans, widely distributed in cartilage and other mammalian connective tissues, the repeat units of which consist of beta-(1,4)-linked D-glucuronyl beta-(1,3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine sulfate. 2
GO:0032324 molybdopterin cofactor biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the molybdopterin cofactor (Moco), essential for the catalytic activity of some enzymes, e.g. sulfite oxidase, xanthine dehydrogenase, and aldehyde oxidase. The cofactor consists of a mononuclear molybdenum (Mo-molybdopterin) or tungsten ion (W-molybdopterin) coordinated by one or two molybdopterin ligands. 2
GO:0031293 membrane protein intracellular domain proteolysis The proteolytic cleavage of a transmembrane protein leading to the release of an intracellular domain. 2
GO:0020027 hemoglobin metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving hemoglobin, including its uptake and utilization. 2
GO:0044257 cellular protein catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein by individual cells. 2
GO:0016539 intein-mediated protein splicing The removal of an internal amino acid sequence (an intein) from a protein during protein maturation; the excision of inteins is precise and the N- and C-terminal exteins are joined by a normal peptide bond. Protein splicing involves 4 nucleophilic displacements by the 3 conserved splice junction residues. 1
GO:0030200 heparan sulfate proteoglycan catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of proteoglycan containing heparan sulfate, any member of a group of glycosaminoglycans that have repeat units consisting of alternating alpha-(1->4) linked hexuronic acid and glucosamine residues, the former being a mixture of sulfated and nonsulfated D-glucuronic and L-iduronic acids, and the latter being either sulfated or acetylated on its amino group as well as sulfated on one of its hydroxyl groups. 1
GO:0015012 heparan sulfate proteoglycan biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the heparan sulfate proteoglycan, a glycosaminoglycan with repeat unit consisting of alternating alpha-(1->4)-linked hexuronic acid and glucosamine residues; the former are a mixture of sulfated and nonsulfated D-glucuronic acid and L-iduronic acid; the L-iduronic acid is either sulfated or acetylated on its amino group as well as being sulfated on one of its hydroxyl groups; heparan sulfate chains are covalently linked to peptidyl-serine by a glycosidic attachment through the trisaccharide galactosyl-galactosyl-xylosyl to serine residues. 1
GO:0019941 modification-dependent protein catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds, initiated by the covalent modification of the target protein. 1
GO:0030579 ubiquitin-dependent SMAD protein catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of SMAD signaling proteins by ubiquitination and targeting to the proteasome. 1
GO:0042964 thioredoxin biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of thioredoxin, a small disulfide-containing redox protein that serves as a general protein disulfide oxidoreductase. 1