Go terms map to parent GO term: GO:0030154   cell differentiation
GOID
Link to GO
 Functional Category Description Protein Count
link to
protein list
GO:0048767 root hair elongation The process in which the root hair grows longer. 629
GO:0009860 pollen tube growth Growth of pollen via tip extension of the intine wall. 586
GO:0022008 neurogenesis Generation of cells within the nervous system. 334
GO:0007411 axon guidance The chemotaxis process that directs the migration of an axon growth cone to a specific target site in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues. 257
GO:0010090 trichome morphogenesis The process in which the structures of a hair cell (trichome) cell are generated and organized. This process occurs while the initially relatively unspecialized epidermal cell is acquiring the specialized features of a hair cell. An example of this process is found in Arabidopsis thaliana. 255
GO:0048765 root hair cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a root hair cell. 221
GO:0030437 ascospore formation The process in which cells that are products of meiosis acquire the specialized features of ascospores. Ascospores are generally found in clusters of four or eight spores within a single mother cell, the ascus, and are characteristic of the ascomycete fungi (phylum Ascomycota). 198
GO:0046331 lateral inhibition Signaling between cells of equivalent developmental potential that results in these cells adopting different developmental fates. An example is the suppression by cells with a particular fate of the adoption of the same fate by surrounding cells. 173
GO:0009560 embryo sac egg cell differentiation The process in which an uncellularized embryo sac nucleus cellularizes and acquires the specialized features of an egg cell. An example of this process is found in Arabidopsis thaliana. 171
GO:0007281 germ cell development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an immature germ cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure (gamete). A germ cell is any reproductive cell in a multicellular organism. 153
GO:0071688 striated muscle myosin thick filament assembly The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins to form the myosin-based thick filaments of myofibrils in striated muscle. 150
GO:0048468 cell development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a specific fate. 150
GO:0030718 germ-line stem cell maintenance Any process involved in preventing uncommitted germ-line stem cells from differentiating as another cell type. 121
GO:0050774 negative regulation of dendrite morphogenesis Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of dendrite morphogenesis. 118
GO:0048235 pollen sperm cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a haploid sperm cell within the plant gametophyte. 116
GO:0007286 spermatid development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a spermatid over time, from its formation to the mature structure. 115
GO:0048699 generation of neurons The process in which nerve cells are generated. This includes the production of neuroblasts and their differentiation into neurons. 113
GO:0008103 oocyte microtubule cytoskeleton polarization Establishment and maintenance of a specific axis of polarity of the oocyte microtubule network. The axis is set so that the minus and plus ends of the microtubules of the mid stage oocyte are positioned along the anterior cortex and at the posterior pole, respectively. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster. 109
GO:0030182 neuron differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuron. 107
GO:0010976 positive regulation of neuron projection development Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of neuron projection development. Neuron projection development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron projection over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A neuron projection is any process extending from a neural cell, such as axons or dendrites (collectively called neurites). 105
GO:0042052 rhabdomere development The assembly and arrangement of a rhabdomere within a cell. The rhabdomere is the organelle on the apical surface of a photoreceptor cell that contains the visual pigments. 103
GO:0007409 axonogenesis Generation of a long process of a neuron, that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body towards target cells. 102
GO:0048813 dendrite morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of a dendrite are generated and organized. A dendrite is a freely branching protoplasmic process of a nerve cell. 94
GO:0007298 border follicle cell migration The directed movement of a border cell through the nurse cells to reach the oocyte. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster. 92
GO:0016322 neuron remodeling The developmentally regulated remodeling of neuronal projections such as pruning to eliminate the extra dendrites and axons projections set up in early stages of nervous system development. 88
GO:0001764 neuron migration The characteristic movement of an immature neuron from germinal zones to specific positions where they will reside as they mature. 87
GO:0010091 trichome branching Any process involved in the formation of branches in plant hair cells. An example of this process is found in Arabidopsis thaliana. 85
GO:0010197 polar nucleus fusion The merging of the polar nuclei, the two nuclei contained within the same cell that are created from the mitotic division of the megaspore during angiosperm reproduction. Polar nuclear fusion takes place in the ovule, forming in the fusion nucleus and giving rise to the endosperm when fertilized. 80
GO:0007291 sperm individualization The resolution of the male germline syncytium or cyst into individual gametes by packaging each spermatid into its own plasma membrane. 77
GO:0001751 compound eye photoreceptor cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an eye photoreceptor cell. 76
GO:0010053 root epidermal cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell in the root epidermis acquires the specialized features of a trichoblast or atrichoblast. 75
GO:0007520 myoblast fusion A process in which non-proliferating myoblasts fuse to existing fibers or to myotubes to form new fibers. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers. 75
GO:0050873 brown fat cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a brown adipocyte, an animal connective tissue cell involved in adaptive thermogenesis. Brown adipocytes contain multiple small droplets of triglycerides and a high number of mitochondria. 69
GO:0048132 female germ-line stem cell division The self-renewing division of a germline stem cell in the female gonad, to produce a daughter stem cell and a daughter germ cell, which will divide to form the female gametes. 66
GO:0010480 microsporocyte differentiation The process aimed at the progression of a microsporocyte cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. A microsporocyte is a diploid (2n) cell that undergoes meiosis and forms four haploid (1n) microspores; also called microspore mother cell and, in seed plants, pollen mother cell. 63
GO:0080147 root hair cell development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a root hair cell over time, from its formation to the mature state. 62
GO:0045200 establishment of neuroblast polarity The specification and formation of the apicobasal polarity of a neuroblast cell, a progenitor of the central nervous system. 62
GO:0045451 pole plasm oskar mRNA localization Any process in which oskar mRNA is transported to, or maintained in, the oocyte pole plasm. 61
GO:0045676 regulation of R7 cell differentiation Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of R7 differentiation. 61
GO:0048768 root hair cell tip growth Localized growth of a plant root hair tip by extension of the cell wall. 60
GO:0048812 neuron projection morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of a neuron projection are generated and organized. A neuron projection is any process extending from a neural cell, such as axons or dendrites. 59
GO:0021952 central nervous system projection neuron axonogenesis Generation of a long process of a CNS neuron, that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body towards target cells in a different central nervous system region. 59
GO:0007465 R7 cell fate commitment The process in which the R7 photoreceptor commits to its cell fate. The R7 receptor contributes the central part of the rhabdomere in the apical parts of the ommatidium. 58
GO:0045444 fat cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an adipocyte, an animal connective tissue cell specialized for the synthesis and storage of fat. 52
GO:0045165 cell fate commitment The commitment of cells to specific cell fates and their capacity to differentiate into particular kinds of cells. Positional information is established through protein signals that emanate from a localized source within a cell (the initial one-cell zygote) or within a developmental field. 51
GO:0030216 keratinocyte differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a keratinocyte. 51
GO:0030859 polarized epithelial cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a polarized epithelial cell. The polarized epithelial cell can be any of the cells within an epithelium where the epithelial sheet is oriented with respect to the planar axis. 50
GO:0001708 cell fate specification The process involved in the specification of cell identity. Once specification has taken place, a cell will be committed to differentiate down a specific pathway if left in its normal environment. 49
GO:0055013 cardiac muscle cell development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cardiac muscle cell over time, from its formation to the mature state. 48
GO:0030435 sporulation resulting in formation of a cellular spore The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a cellular spore, a cell form that can be used for dissemination, for survival of adverse conditions because of its heat and dessication resistance, and/or for reproduction. 48
GO:0048136 male germ-line cyst formation Formation of a group of interconnected cells derived from a single male gonial founder cell. 46
GO:0055059 asymmetric neuroblast division The process resulting in the physical partitioning and separation of a neuroblast into two daughter cells with different developmental potentials. 46
GO:0050773 regulation of dendrite development Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of dendrite development. 45
GO:0007413 axonal fasciculation The collection of axons into a bundle of rods, known as a fascicle. 44
GO:0048599 oocyte development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an oocyte over time, from initial commitment of the cell to its specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. 44
GO:0007406 negative regulation of neuroblast proliferation Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the proliferation of neuroblasts. 44
GO:0010026 trichome differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized epidermal cell acquires the specialized features of a trichome cell. An example of this process is found in Arabidopsis thaliana. 44
GO:0048709 oligodendrocyte differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an oligodendrocyte. An oligodendrocyte is a type of glial cell involved in myelinating the axons of neurons in the central nervous system. 44
GO:0035019 somatic stem cell maintenance The process in which an organism retains a population of somatic stem cells, undifferentiated cells in the embryo or adult which can undergo unlimited division and give rise to cell types of the body other than those of the germ-line. 43
GO:0030707 ovarian follicle cell development The process that occurs during oogenesis involving the ovarian follicle cells, somatic cells which surround the germ cells of an ovary. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster. 43
GO:0031321 ascospore-type prospore assembly During ascospore formation, the process in which each haploid nucleus becomes encapsulated by a double membrane. 43
GO:0010074 maintenance of meristem identity The process in which an organism retains a population of meristem cells, preventing the commitment of all stem cell progeny to a differentiated cell fate. 43
GO:0042078 germ-line stem cell division The self-renewing division of a germline stem cell to produce a daughter stem cell and a daughter germ cell, which will divide to form the gametes. 42
GO:0016360 sensory organ precursor cell fate determination The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a sensory organ precursor cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed. 42
GO:0010076 maintenance of floral meristem identity The process in which an organism retains a population of floral meristem cells, preventing the commitment of all stem cell progeny to a differentiated cell fate. 40
GO:0007288 sperm axoneme assembly The assembly and organization of the sperm flagellar axoneme, the bundle of microtubules and associated proteins that forms the core of the eukaryotic sperm flagellum, and is responsible for movement. 40
GO:0008594 photoreceptor cell morphogenesis The process in which the structures of a photoreceptor cell are generated and organized. This process occurs while the initially relatively unspecialized cell is acquiring the specialized features of a photoreceptor cell, a sensory cell that reacts to the presence of light. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster. 38
GO:0007412 axon target recognition The process in which an axon recognizes and binds to a set of cells with which it may form stable connections. 38
GO:0010054 trichoblast differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a trichoblast, a root epidermal cell that will give rise to a root hair. 37
GO:0001837 epithelial to mesenchymal transition A transition where an epithelial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell. 37
GO:0031175 neuron projection development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron projection over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A neuron projection is any process extending from a neural cell, such as axons or dendrites (collectively called neurites). 37
GO:0030240 skeletal muscle thin filament assembly The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins to form the actin-based thin filaments of myofibrils in skeletal muscle. 36
GO:0007405 neuroblast proliferation The expansion of a neuroblast population by cell division. A neuroblast is any cell that will divide and give rise to a neuron. 36
GO:0008347 glial cell migration The orderly movement of a glial cell, non-neuronal cells that provide support and nutrition, maintain homeostasis, form myelin, and participate in signal transmission in the nervous system. 35
GO:0051124 synaptic growth at neuromuscular junction The growth of a synapse at a neuromuscular junction, the site of apposition of a motor end plate and the subneural cleft of the skeletal muscle fiber that it innervates. 35
GO:0045167 asymmetric protein localization involved in cell fate determination Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a specific asymmetric distribution, resulting in the formation of daughter cells of different types. 34
GO:0010977 negative regulation of neuron projection development Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of neuron projection development. Neuron projection development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron projection over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A neuron projection is any process extending from a neural cell, such as axons or dendrites (collectively called neurites). 34
GO:0045773 positive regulation of axon extension Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of axon extension. 34
GO:0007294 germarium-derived oocyte fate determination The cell fate determination process in which a germarium-derived cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an oocyte cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster. 34
GO:0014032 neural crest cell development The process aimed at the progression of a neural crest cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to its specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. 33
GO:0001737 establishment of imaginal disc-derived wing hair orientation Orientation of hairs in the imaginal disc-derived wing along a proximal-distal axis, such that each cell of the wing produces one wing hair which points in a distal direction. 33
GO:0021888 hypothalamus gonadotrophin-releasing hormone neuron development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a hypothalamus gonadotrophin-releasing hormone neuron over time, from initial commitment of its fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. 33
GO:0048657 anther wall tapetum cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an anther cell wall tapetum cell. The tapetum is a layer of cells that provides a source of nutrition for the pollen grains as they mature. 32
GO:0043935 sexual sporulation resulting in formation of a cellular spore The formation of spores derived from the products of meiosis. A cellular spore is a cell form that can be used for dissemination, for survival of adverse conditions because of its heat and dessication resistance, and/or for reproduction. 31
GO:0046843 dorsal appendage formation Establishment of the dorsal filaments, elaborate specializations of the chorion that protrude from the anterior end of the egg and facilitate embryonic respiration. 29
GO:0010623 developmental programmed cell death The activation of endogenous cellular processes that result in the death of a cell as part of its development. 29
GO:0001410 chlamydospore formation The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the chlamydospore over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A chlamydospores is a mitotic (asexual) one-celled spore, produced primarily for survival, not dispersal, originating endogenously and singly within part of a pre-existing cell and possessing an inner secondary and often thickened cell wall. An example of this is found in Candida albicans. 29
GO:0007312 oocyte nucleus migration involved in oocyte dorsal/ventral axis specification The directed movement of the oocyte nucleus within the cell as part of the establishment and maintenance of the dorsal/ventral axis of the oocyte. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster. 29
GO:0007307 eggshell chorion gene amplification Amplification by up to 60-fold of the loci containing the chorion gene clusters. Amplification is necessary for the rapid synthesis of chorion proteins by the follicle cells, and occurs by repeated firing of one or more origins located within each gene cluster. 28
GO:0048588 developmental cell growth The growth of a cell, where growth contributes to the progression of the cell over time from one condition to another. 28
GO:0002062 chondrocyte differentiation The process in which a chondroblast acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a chondrocyte. A chondrocyte is a polymorphic cell that forms cartilage. 28
GO:0016358 dendrite development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the dendrite over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A dendrite is a freely branching protoplasmic process of a nerve cell. 28
GO:0001556 oocyte maturation A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for an oocyte to attain its fully functional state. Oocyte maturation commences after reinitiation of meiosis commonly starting with germinal vesicle breakdown, and continues up to the second meiotic arrest prior to fertilization. 27
GO:0050771 negative regulation of axonogenesis Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of axonogenesis. 27
GO:0045214 sarcomere organization The myofibril assembly process that results in the organization of muscle actomyosin into sarcomeres. The sarcomere is the repeating unit of a myofibril in a muscle cell, composed of an array of overlapping thick and thin filaments between two adjacent Z discs. 27
GO:0070593 dendrite self-avoidance The process in which dendrites recognize and avoid contact with sister dendrites from the same cell. 26
GO:0022011 myelination in peripheral nervous system The process in which neuronal axons and dendrites become coated with a segmented lipid-rich sheath (myelin) to enable faster and more energetically efficient conduction of electrical impulses. The sheath is formed by the cell membranes of Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system. Adjacent myelin segments are separated by a non-myelinated stretch of axon called a node of Ranvier. 26
GO:0022010 central nervous system myelination The process in which neuronal axons and dendrites become coated with a segmented lipid-rich sheath (myelin) to enable faster and more energetically efficient conduction of electrical impulses. The sheath is formed by the cell membranes of oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system. Adjacent myelin segments are separated by a non-myelinated stretch of axon called a node of Ranvier. 26
GO:0045665 negative regulation of neuron differentiation Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neuron differentiation. 26
GO:0008045 motor neuron axon guidance The process in which the migration of an axon growth cone of a motor neuron is directed to a specific target site in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues. 26
GO:0042461 photoreceptor cell development Development of a photoreceptor, a cell that responds to incident electromagnetic radiation, particularly visible light. 26
GO:0060998 regulation of dendritic spine development Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of dendritic spine development, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the dendritic spine over time, from its formation to the mature structure. 26
GO:0030316 osteoclast differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized monocyte acquires the specialized features of an osteoclast. An osteoclast is a specialized phagocytic cell associated with the absorption and removal of the mineralized matrix of bone tissue. 25
GO:0048240 sperm capacitation A process required for sperm to reach fertilization competence. Sperm undergo an incompletely understood series of morphological and molecular maturational processes, termed capacitation, involving, among other processes, protein tyrosine phosphorylation and increased intracellular calcium. 25
GO:0010975 regulation of neuron projection development Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of neuron projection development. Neuron projection development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron projection over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A neuron projection is any process extending from a neural cell, such as axons or dendrites (collectively called neurites). 25
GO:0010077 maintenance of inflorescence meristem identity The process in which an organism retains a population of inflorescence meristem cells, preventing the commitment of all stem cell progeny to a differentiated cell fate. 25
GO:0030476 ascospore wall assembly The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an ascospore wall. During sporulation in Ascomycota, each ascospore nucleus becomes surrounded by a specialized spore wall, formed by deposition of spore wall components in the lumenal space between the outer and inner leaflets of the prospore membrane. An example of this process is found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 24
GO:0042692 muscle cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a muscle cell. 24
GO:0048666 neuron development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. 24
GO:0019827 stem cell maintenance The process in which an organism retains a population of stem cells, preventing the commitment of all stem cell progeny to a differentiated cell fate. 24
GO:0060218 hematopoietic stem cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a hematopoietic stem cell. A stem cell is a cell that retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized cells. 24
GO:0045467 R7 cell development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the R7 photoreceptor over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The R7 photoreceptor is the last photoreceptor to develop in the ommatidium. 22
GO:0055003 cardiac myofibril assembly The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cardiac myofibril over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A cardiac myofibril is a myofibril specific to cardiac muscle cells. 22
GO:0048741 skeletal muscle fiber development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the skeletal muscle fiber over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Muscle fibers are formed by the maturation of myotubes. They can be classed as slow, intermediate/fast or fast. 22
GO:0045445 myoblast differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a myoblast. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into striated muscle fibers. 22
GO:0001649 osteoblast differentiation The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an osteoblast, a mesodermal or neural crest cell that gives rise to bone. 21
GO:0090436 leaf pavement cell development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an leaf pavement cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a leaf pavement cell fate. 21
GO:0045666 positive regulation of neuron differentiation Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neuron differentiation. 21
GO:0010158 abaxial cell fate specification The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an abaxial cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed. 21
GO:0048675 axon extension Long distance growth of a single axon process involved in cellular development. 21
GO:0055007 cardiac muscle cell differentiation The process in which a cardiac muscle precursor cell acquires specialized features of a cardiac muscle cell. Cardiac muscle cells are striated muscle cells that are responsible for heart contraction. 20
GO:0009913 epidermal cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an epidermal cell, any of the cells making up the epidermis. 19
GO:0030241 skeletal muscle myosin thick filament assembly The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins to form the myosin-based thick filaments of myofibrils in skeletal muscle. 19
GO:0072144 glomerular mesangial cell development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a glomerular mesangial cell in the kidney over time, from its formation to the mature structure. 18
GO:0072499 photoreceptor cell axon guidance The chemotaxis process that directs the migration of a photoreceptor cell axon growth cone to its target in the optic lobe in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues. 18
GO:0035317 imaginal disc-derived wing hair organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level that results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an imaginal disc-derived wing hair. A wing hair is an actin-rich, polarized, non-sensory apical projection that protrudes from each of the approximately 30,000 wing epithelial cells. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster. 18
GO:0021954 central nervous system neuron development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron whose cell body is located in the central nervous system, from initial commitment of the cell to a neuronal fate, to the fully functional differentiated neuron. 18
GO:0031322 ascospore-type prospore-specific spindle pole body remodeling A spindle pole body (SPB) organization process that takes place during the second meiotic division during ascospore formation and results in the structural reorganization of the SPB; includes the recruitment of sporulation-specific proteins to the outer plaque to form the meiotic outer plaque (MOP). 17
GO:0048680 positive regulation of axon regeneration Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of axon regeneration. 17
GO:0007528 neuromuscular junction development A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a neuromuscular junction. 17
GO:0030318 melanocyte differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a melanocyte. 17
GO:0071542 dopaminergic neuron differentiation The process in which a neuroblast acquires the specialized structural and functional features of a dopaminergic neuron, a neuron that secretes dopamine. 17
GO:0048814 regulation of dendrite morphogenesis Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of dendrite morphogenesis. 17
GO:0021831 embryonic olfactory bulb interneuron precursor migration The directed movement of individual interneuron precursors during the embryonic development of the olfactory bulb. 17
GO:0034446 substrate adhesion-dependent cell spreading The morphogenetic process that results in flattening of a cell as a consequence of its adhesion to a substrate. 17
GO:0002093 auditory receptor cell morphogenesis Any process that alters the size or shape of an auditory receptor cell. 17
GO:0003382 epithelial cell morphogenesis The change in form that occurs when an epithelial cell progresses from its initial formation to its mature state. 17
GO:0048747 muscle fiber development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the muscle fiber over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Muscle fibers are formed by the maturation of myotubes. They can be classed as slow, intermediate/fast or fast. 16
GO:0060996 dendritic spine development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the dendritic spine over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A dendritic spine is a protrusion from a dendrite and a specialized subcellular compartment involved in synaptic transmission. 16
GO:0048846 axon extension involved in axon guidance The long distance growth of a single cell process, that is involved in the migration of an axon growth cone, where the migration is directed to a specific target site by a combination of attractive and repulsive cues. 15
GO:0030218 erythrocyte differentiation The process in which a myeloid precursor cell acquires specializes features of an erythrocyte. 15
GO:0033563 dorsal/ventral axon guidance The process in which the migration of an axon growth cone is directed to a specific target site along the dorsal-ventral body axis in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues. The dorsal/ventral axis is defined by a line that runs orthogonal to both the anterior/posterior and left/right axes. The dorsal end is defined by the upper or back side of an organism. The ventral end is defined by the lower or front side of an organism. 15
GO:0001570 vasculogenesis The differentiation of endothelial cells from progenitor cells during blood vessel development, and the de novo formation of blood vessels and tubes. 15
GO:0060008 Sertoli cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a Sertoli cell. A Sertoli cell is a supporting cell projecting inward from the basement membrane of seminiferous tubules. 15
GO:0030217 T cell differentiation The process in which a precursor cell type acquires characteristics of a more mature T-cell. A T cell is a type of lymphocyte whose definin characteristic is the expression of a T cell receptor complex. 15
GO:0043011 myeloid dendritic cell differentiation The process in which a monocyte acquires the specialized features of a dendritic cell, an immunocompetent cell of the lymphoid and hemopoietic systems and skin. 15
GO:0035646 endosome to melanosome transport The directed movement of substances from endosomes to the melanosome, a specialised lysosome-related organelle. 15
GO:0035320 imaginal disc-derived wing hair site selection Determination of the site in the cell of an imaginal disc-derived wing at which a prehair initiates outgrowth. Restriction of prehair initiation to the distalmost part of a cell is essential to ensure that each wing epithelial cell produces one adult hair that points distally. 14
GO:0007516 hemocyte development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the hemocyte over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Hemocytes are blood cells associated with a hemocoel (the cavity containing most of the major organs of the arthropod body) which are involved in defense and clotting of hemolymph, but not involved in transport of oxygen. 14
GO:0051146 striated muscle cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a striated muscle cell; striated muscle fibers are divided by transverse bands into striations, and cardiac and voluntary muscle are types of striated muscle. 14
GO:0031103 axon regeneration The regrowth of axons following their loss or damage. 14
GO:0050767 regulation of neurogenesis Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neurogenesis, the origin and formation of neurons. 14
GO:0046534 positive regulation of photoreceptor cell differentiation Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of photoreceptor cell differentiation. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster. 14
GO:0031424 keratinization The process in which the cytoplasm of the outermost cells of the vertebrate epidermis is replaced by keratin. Keratinization occurs in the stratum corneum, feathers, hair, claws, nails, hooves, and horns. 13
GO:0010492 maintenance of shoot apical meristem identity The process in which an organism retains a population of shoot apical meristem cells, preventing the commitment of all stem cell progeny to a differentiated cell fate. 13
GO:0030099 myeloid cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized myeloid precursor cell acquires the specialized features of any cell of the myeloid leukocyte, megakaryocyte, thrombocyte, or erythrocyte lineages. 13
GO:0003334 keratinocyte development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a keratinocyte over time, from its formation to the mature structure. 13
GO:0048664 neuron fate determination The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a neuron regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed. 13
GO:0048714 positive regulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of oligodendrocyte differentiation. 12
GO:0010078 maintenance of root meristem identity The process in which an organism retains a population of root meristem cells, preventing the commitment of all stem cell progeny to a differentiated cell fate. 12
GO:0007535 donor selection The process that determines which donor locus a cell uses, in preference to another, in mating type switching. 12
GO:0009994 oocyte differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized immature germ cell acquires the specialized features of a mature female gamete. 12
GO:0043249 erythrocyte maturation A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for an erythrocyte to attain its fully functional state. 12
GO:0070983 dendrite guidance The process in which the migration of a dendrite is directed to a specific target site in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues. 11
GO:0030225 macrophage differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized monocyte acquires the specialized features of a macrophage. 11
GO:0035318 imaginal disc-derived wing hair outgrowth Extrusion of a cellular projection from the apical membrane of an epithelial cell in an imaginal disc-derived wing. Outgrowth initiates approximately 35 hours after puparium formation from the distal side of the cell, and at this stage the cellular extension is termed a prehair. 11
GO:0048821 erythrocyte development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an erythrocyte over time, from its formation to the mature structure. 11
GO:0014044 Schwann cell development The process aimed at the progression of a Schwann cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. Schwann cells are found in the peripheral nervous system, where they insulate neurons and axons, and regulate the environment in which neurons function. 10
GO:0048674 collateral sprouting of injured axon The process resulting in reformation of a growth cone by the tip of an injured axon, or in collateral sprouting of the axon. Collateral sprouting is the process in which outgrowths develop from the shafts of existing axons. 10
GO:0055015 ventricular cardiac muscle cell development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a ventricular cardiac muscle cell over time, from its formation to the mature state. Cardiac muscle cells are striated muscle cells that are responsible for heart contraction. The ventricle is the part of the heart that pumps blood out of the organ. 10
GO:0014003 oligodendrocyte development The process aimed at the progression of an oligodendrocyte over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. An oligodendrocyte is a type of glial cell involved in myelinating the axons in the central nervous system. 10
GO:0050772 positive regulation of axonogenesis Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of axonogenesis. 10
GO:0000904 cell morphogenesis involved in differentiation The change in form (cell shape and size) that occurs when relatively unspecialized cells, e.g. embryonic or regenerative cells, acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells, tissues, or organs of the mature organism or some other relatively stable phase of the organism's life history. 10
GO:0003323 type B pancreatic cell development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a type B pancreatic cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A type B pancreatic cell is a cell located towards center of the islets of Langerhans that secretes insulin. 10
GO:0033077 T cell differentiation in thymus The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a T cell via a differentiation pathway dependent upon transit through the thymus. 10
GO:0048935 peripheral nervous system neuron development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron whose cell body is located in the peripheral nervous system, from initial commitment of the cell to a neuronal fate, to the fully functional differentiated neuron. 10
GO:0043936 asexual sporulation resulting in formation of a cellular spore The formation of a cellular spore derived from the products of mitosis. A cellular spore is a cell form that can be used for dissemination, for survival of adverse conditions because of its heat and dessication resistance, and/or for reproduction. 10
GO:0046844 micropyle formation Establishment of the micropyle, a single cone-shaped specialization of the chorion that allows sperm entry into the egg prior to fertilization. 10
GO:0014045 establishment of endothelial blood-brain barrier Establishment of the endothelial barrier between the blood and the brain. The endothelial cells in the brain capillaries are packed tightly together preventing the passage of most molecules from the blood into the brain. Only lipid soluble molecules or those that are actively transported can pass through the blood-brain barrier. 10
GO:0010052 guard cell differentiation The process in which a guard mother cell acquires the specialized features of a guard cell. 9
GO:0001555 oocyte growth The developmental growth process in which an oocyte irreversibly increases in size over time by accretion and biosynthetic production of matter similar to that already present. 9
GO:0021782 glial cell development The process aimed at the progression of a glial cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. 9
GO:0014038 regulation of Schwann cell differentiation Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Schwann cell differentiation. 9
GO:0030517 negative regulation of axon extension Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of axon outgrowth. 9
GO:0035914 skeletal muscle cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a skeletal muscle cell, a somatic cell located in skeletal muscle. 9
GO:0046663 dorsal closure, leading edge cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a leading edge cell, the dorsal-most cells of the epidermis that migrates during dorsal closure. 9
GO:0035315 hair cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a hair cell. 8
GO:0030855 epithelial cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an epithelial cell, any of the cells making up an epithelium. 8
GO:0061001 regulation of dendritic spine morphogenesis Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of dendritic spine morphogenesis, the process in which the anatomical structures of a dendritic spine are generated and organized. A dendritic spine is a protrusion from a dendrite and a specialized subcellular compartment involved in synaptic transmission. 8
GO:0048142 germarium-derived cystoblast division The four rounds of incomplete mitosis undergone by a cystoblast to form a 16-cell cyst of interconnected cells within a germarium. Within the cyst, one cell differentiates into an oocyte while the rest become nurse cells. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster. 8
GO:0048629 trichome patterning The regionalization process of establishing the non-random spatial arrangement of trichomes on the surface and margin of a leaf. Process involves signaling between adjacent epidermal cells that results in differentiation of some epidermal cells into trichomes. 8
GO:0007290 spermatid nucleus elongation The change in shape of the spermatid nucleus from a spherical structure to an elongated organelle, during the latter part of spermatid differentiation. 8
GO:0048766 root hair initiation The process in which a protrusion or bulge is formed at the site of plant root hair outgrowth. 8
GO:0001709 cell fate determination A process involved in cell fate commitment. Once determination has taken place, a cell becomes committed to differentiate down a particular pathway regardless of its environment. 7
GO:0048769 sarcomerogenesis The process in which sarcomeres are added in series within a fiber. 7
GO:0009957 epidermal cell fate specification The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an epidermal cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed. 7
GO:0010001 glial cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a glial cell. 7
GO:0000734 gene conversion at mating-type locus, DNA repair synthesis Synthesis of DNA that proceeds from the broken 3' single-strand DNA end uses the homologous intact duplex as the template during gene conversion at the mating-type locus. 7
GO:0019094 pole plasm mRNA localization Any process in which mRNA is transported to, or maintained in, the oocyte pole plasm. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster. 7
GO:0002521 leukocyte differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized hemopoietic precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a leukocyte. A leukocyte is an achromatic cell of the myeloid or lymphoid lineages capable of ameboid movement, found in blood or other tissue. 7
GO:0050769 positive regulation of neurogenesis Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neurogenesis, the origin and formation of neurons. 6
GO:0033327 Leydig cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a Leydig cell. A Leydig cell is a testosterone-secreting cell in the interstitial area, between the seminiferous tubules, in the testis. 6
GO:0001829 trophectodermal cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a trophectoderm cell. 6
GO:0048759 xylem vessel member cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a vessel member cell. A vessel member cell is one of the components of a vessel in the xylem. It is a dead cell with the wall between adjacent members being variously perforated and the walls that persist variously thickened. 6
GO:0060856 establishment of blood-brain barrier Establishment of the barrier between the blood and the brain. The cells in the brain are packed tightly together preventing the passage of most molecules from the blood into the brain. Only lipid soluble molecules or those that are actively transported can pass through the blood-brain barrier. 6
GO:0030713 ovarian follicle cell stalk formation Development of ovarian follicle cells to create the interfollicular stalks that connect the egg chambers of progressive developmental stages. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster. 6
GO:0048469 cell maturation A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a cell to attain its fully functional state. 6
GO:0070365 hepatocyte differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a hepatocyte. A hepatocyte is specialized epithelial cell that is organized into interconnected plates called lobules, and is the main structural component of the liver. 6
GO:0007304 chorion-containing eggshell formation The construction of a chorion-containing eggshell. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster. 5
GO:0032287 peripheral nervous system myelin maintenance The process in which the structure and material content of mature peripheral nervous system myelin is kept in a functional state. 5
GO:0060088 auditory receptor cell stereocilium organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a stereocilium. A stereocilium is an actin-based protrusion from the apical surface of auditory hair cells. 5
GO:0070306 lens fiber cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a lens fiber cell, any of the elongated, tightly packed cells that make up the bulk of the mature lens in the camera-type eye. The cytoplasm of a lens fiber cell is devoid of most intracellular organelles including the cell nucleus, and contains primarily crystallins, a group of water-soluble proteins expressed in vary large quantities. 5
GO:0046632 alpha-beta T cell differentiation The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of an alpha-beta T cell. An alpha-beta T cell is a T cell that expresses an alpha-beta T cell receptor complex. 5
GO:0032289 central nervous system myelin formation The process in which the wraps of cell membrane that constitute myelin are laid down around an axon by an oligodendrocyte in the central nervous system. 5
GO:0050770 regulation of axonogenesis Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of axonogenesis, the generation of an axon, the long process of a neuron. 5
GO:0016199 axon midline choice point recognition The recognition of molecules at the central nervous system midline choice point by an axon growth cone; this choice point determines whether the growth cone will cross the midline. 5
GO:0042063 gliogenesis The process that results in the generation of glial cells. This includes the production of glial progenitors and their differentiation into mature glia. 5
GO:0021860 pyramidal neuron development The progression of a pyramidal neuron from its initial formation to its mature state. 5
GO:0042491 auditory receptor cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an auditory hair cell. 5
GO:0048679 regulation of axon regeneration Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of axon regeneration. 5
GO:0055012 ventricular cardiac muscle cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a cardiac muscle cell. Cardiac muscle cells are striated muscle cells that are responsible for heart contraction. The ventricle is the part of the heart that pumps blood out of the organ. 5
GO:0030224 monocyte differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized myeloid precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a monocyte. 5
GO:0032120 ascospore-type prospore membrane assembly The process in which the nascent membrane forms at the meiotic outer plaque and grows until closure occurs and forespores, or prospores, are formed. 5
GO:0030220 platelet formation The process in which platelets bud from long processes extended by megakaryocytes. 5
GO:0055002 striated muscle cell development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a striated muscle cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Striated muscle cells contain fibers that are divided by transverse bands into striations, and cardiac and skeletal muscle are types of striated muscle. 5
GO:0055005 ventricular cardiac myofibril development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ventricular cardiac myofibril over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A cardiac myofibril is a myofibril specific to cardiac muscle cells. 4
GO:0008039 synaptic target recognition The process in which a neuronal cell in a multicellular organism interprets signals produced by potential target cells, with which it may form synapses. 4
GO:0048711 positive regulation of astrocyte differentiation Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of astrocyte differentiation. 4
GO:0070590 spore wall biogenesis A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a spore wall. A spore wall is the specialized cell wall lying outside the cell membrane of a spore. 4
GO:0002244 hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation The process in which precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a hematopoietic progenitor cell, a class of cell types including myeloid progenitor cells and lymphoid progenitor cells. 4
GO:0042051 compound eye photoreceptor development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a light-responsive receptor in the compound eye over time, from its formation to the mature structure. 4
GO:0030708 germarium-derived female germ-line cyst encapsulation Formation of a single follicular epithelium around the germ-line derived cells of a cyst formed in the germarium. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster. 3
GO:0072160 nephron tubule epithelial cell differentiation The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells of the nephron tubule as it progresses from its formation to the mature state. 3
GO:0001885 endothelial cell development The progression of an endothelial cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. 3
GO:0010442 guard cell morphogenesis Generation and organization of the polarized cell that is capable of turgor driven movement. 3
GO:0048867 stem cell fate determination The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a stem cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed. 3
GO:0007297 ovarian follicle cell migration The directed movement of an ovarian follicle cell that takes place during oogenesis. During egg chamber formation, follicle cells migrate to envelop the germ-line cysts and move in between cysts. At stage 10B, follicle cells migrate centripetally between the nurse cells and the oocyte, enclosing the anterior of the egg. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster. 3
GO:0010234 anther wall tapetum cell fate specification The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a tapetal cell of anthers in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed. 3
GO:0045664 regulation of neuron differentiation Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neuron differentiation. 3
GO:0035987 endodermal cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an endoderm cell, a cell of the inner of the three germ layers of the embryo. 3
GO:0048663 neuron fate commitment The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a neuron. 3
GO:0030516 regulation of axon extension Any process that modulates the rate, direction or extent of axon extension. 3
GO:0051145 smooth muscle cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a smooth muscle cell; smooth muscle lacks transverse striations in its constituent fibers and are almost always involuntary. 3
GO:0045450 bicoid mRNA localization Any process in which bicoid mRNA is transported to and maintained within the oocyte as part of the specification of the anterior/posterior axis. 3
GO:0035855 megakaryocyte development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a megakaryocyte cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Megakaryocyte development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a megakaryocyte fate. A megakaryocyte is a giant cell 50 to 100 micron in diameter, with a greatly lobulated nucleus, found in the bone marrow. 3
GO:0014033 neural crest cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neural crest cell. 3
GO:0001831 trophectodermal cellular morphogenesis The morphogenesis of trophectoderm cells. 3
GO:0007279 pole cell formation Formation of a small group of cells (pole cells) at the posterior pole of the insect blastula. They are the first cells to cellularize after the arrival of nuclei at the end of the syncytial blastula stage and are the precursors to the insect germ cells. 3
GO:0007521 muscle cell fate determination The cell fate determination process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a muscle cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed. 3
GO:0001826 inner cell mass cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an inner cell mass cell. 3
GO:0021955 central nervous system neuron axonogenesis Generation of a long process from a neuron whose cell body resides in the central nervous system. The process carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body towards target cells. 3
GO:0014042 positive regulation of neuron maturation Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neuron maturation. 3
GO:0007533 mating type switching The conversion of a single-cell organism from one mating type to another by the precise replacement of a DNA sequence at the expressed mating type locus with a copy of a sequence from a donor locus. 2
GO:0022619 generative cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a generative cell. The generative cell gives rise to the sperm cells in the male gametophyte. 2
GO:0043615 astrocyte cell migration The orderly movement of an astrocyte, a class of large neuroglial (macroglial) cells in the central nervous system, the largest and most numerous neuroglial cells in the brain and spinal cord. 2
GO:0050872 white fat cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a white adipocyte, an animal connective tissue cell involved in energy storage. White adipocytes have cytoplasmic lipids arranged in a unique vacuole. 2
GO:0060997 dendritic spine morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of a dendritic spine are generated and organized. A dendritic spine is a protrusion from a dendrite and a specialized subcellular compartment involved in synaptic transmission. 2
GO:0030183 B cell differentiation The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a B cell. A B cell is a lymphocyte of B lineage with the phenotype CD19-positive and capable of B cell mediated immunity. 2
GO:0048914 myelination of anterior lateral line nerve axons The formation of compact myelin sheaths around the axons of the anterior lateral line nerve. 2
GO:0048932 myelination of posterior lateral line nerve axons The formation of compact myelin sheaths around the axons of the posterior lateral line nerve. 2
GO:0007289 spermatid nucleus differentiation The specialization of the spermatid nucleus during the development of a spermatid into a mature male gamete competent for fertilization. 2
GO:0045446 endothelial cell differentiation The process in which a mesodermal, bone marrow or neural crest cell acquires specialized features of an endothelial cell, a thin flattened cell. A layer of such cells lines the inside surfaces of body cavities, blood vessels, and lymph vessels, making up the endothelium. 2
GO:0002052 positive regulation of neuroblast proliferation Any process that activates or increases the rate of neuroblast proliferation. 2
GO:0001754 eye photoreceptor cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a photoreceptor cell, as found in the eye, the primary visual organ of most organisms. 2
GO:0021884 forebrain neuron development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron that resides in the forebrain, from its initial commitment to its fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. 2
GO:0060857 establishment of glial blood-brain barrier Establishment of the glial barrier between the blood and the brain. The glial cells in the brain are packed tightly together preventing the passage of most molecules from the blood into the brain. Only lipid soluble molecules or those that are actively transported can pass through the blood-brain barrier. 2
GO:0050775 positive regulation of dendrite morphogenesis Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of dendrite morphogenesis. 2
GO:0007314 oocyte anterior/posterior axis specification Polarization of the oocyte along its anterior-posterior axis. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster. 2
GO:0048933 afferent axon development in posterior lateral line nerve The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an afferent axon in the posterior lateral line nerve over time from its formation to the mature structure. This process includes axonogenesis and pathfinding of the afferent axons in the posterior lateral line nerve. 2
GO:0046549 retinal cone cell development Development of a cone cell, one of the sensory cells in the eye that reacts to the presence of light. Cone cells contain the photopigment iodopsin or cyanopsin and are responsible for photopic (daylight) vision. 2
GO:0007310 oocyte dorsal/ventral axis specification The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the dorsal/ventral axis of the oocyte. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster. 2
GO:0048667 cell morphogenesis involved in neuron differentiation The process in which the structures of a neuron are generated and organized. This process occurs while the initially relatively unspecialized cell is acquiring the specialized features of a neuron. 2
GO:0048929 efferent axon development in posterior lateral line nerve The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an efferent axon in the posterior lateral line nerve over time from its formation to the mature structure. This process includes axonogenesis and pathfinding of the efferent axons in the posterior lateral line nerve. 2
GO:0030727 germarium-derived female germ-line cyst formation Formation, in a germarium, of a group of interconnected cells derived from a single female gonial founder cell (a cystoblast). The germarium is the most anterior portion of an insect ovariole. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster. 2
GO:0048863 stem cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a stem cell. A stem cell is a cell that retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized cells. 2
GO:0036099 female germ-line stem cell maintenance Any process involved in preventing uncommitted germ-line stem cells in the female gonad from differentiating as another cell type. 2
GO:0031129 inductive cell-cell signaling Signaling at short range between cells of different ancestry and developmental potential that results in one cell or group of cells effecting a developmental change in the other. This is often done by secretion of proteins by one cell which affects the neighboring cells and causes them to adopt a certain fate. 2
GO:0014902 myotube differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a myotube cell. Myotube differentiation starts with myoblast fusion and the appearance of specific cell markers (this is the cell development step). Then individual myotubes can fuse to form bigger myotubes and start to contract. Myotubes are multinucleated cells that are formed when proliferating myoblasts exit the cell cycle, differentiate and fuse. 2
GO:0001675 acrosome assembly The formation of the acrosome from the spermatid Golgi. 2
GO:0045162 clustering of voltage-gated sodium channels The process in which voltage-gated sodium channels become localized together in high densities. In animals, nodes of Ranvier differ dramatically from internodal axonal regions in very high densities of voltage-dependent sodium (Nav) channels responsible for the rapid, inward ionic currents that produce membrane depolarization. 2
GO:0051663 oocyte nucleus localization involved in oocyte dorsal/ventral axis specification The directed movement of the nucleus to a specific location within a cell during the establishment and maintenance of the dorsal/ventral axis of the oocyte. 1
GO:0007311 maternal specification of dorsal/ventral axis, oocyte, germ-line encoded Polarization of the oocyte along the dorsal-ventral axis, by a gene product encoded by cells of the germ line. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster. 1
GO:0007318 pole plasm protein localization Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, the oocyte pole plasm. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster. 1
GO:0009559 embryo sac central cell differentiation The process in which the two uncellularized polar nuclei cellularize, fuse and acquire the specialized features of a mononucleate diploid central cell. 1
GO:0090171 chondrocyte morphogenesis The process in which the structures of a chondrocyte are generated and organized. This process occurs while the initially relatively unspecialized cell is acquiring the specialized features of a chondrocyte. 1
GO:0046594 maintenance of pole plasm mRNA location The process of maintaining mRNA in a specific location in the oocyte pole plasm. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster. 1
GO:0035311 wing cell fate specification The process in which a cell in the larval wing imaginal disc becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a wing cell, if left in its normal environment. 1
GO:0002071 glandular epithelial cell maturation The developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a glandular epithelial cell to attain its fully functional state. A glandular epithelial cell is a columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell is a cell found in a two dimensional sheet with a free surface exposed to the lumen of a gland. 1
GO:0045465 R8 cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of the R8 photoreceptor. 1
GO:0030239 myofibril assembly Formation of myofibrils, the repeating units of striated muscle. 1
GO:0046667 compound eye retinal cell programmed cell death Programmed cell death that occurs in the retina to remove excess cells between ommatidia, thus resulting in a hexagonal lattice, precise with respect to cell number and position surrounding each ommatidium. 1
GO:0060252 positive regulation of glial cell proliferation Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of glial cell proliferation. 1
GO:0035092 sperm chromatin condensation The progressive compaction of the spermatid chromatin so that it reaches a level of condensation that is not compatible with nuclear activities such as transcription or DNA replication. 1
GO:0048822 enucleate erythrocyte development The process aimed at the progression of an enucleate erythrocyte over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. 1
GO:0001711 endodermal cell fate commitment The cell differentiation process that results in commitment of a cell to become part of the endoderm. 1
GO:0002328 pro-B cell differentiation The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a pro-B cell. Pro-B cells are the earliest stage of the B cell lineage and undergo heavy chain D and J gene rearrangements, although they are not fully committed. 1
GO:0046595 establishment of pole plasm mRNA localization Any process that results in the directed movement of mRNA to the oocyte pole plasm. 1
GO:0035845 photoreceptor cell outer segment organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level and results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the outer segment of a photoreceptor cell, a sensory cell that reacts to the presence of light. The outer segment of the photoreceptor cell contains the light-absorbing materials. 1
GO:0042675 compound eye cone cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a compound eye cone cell, a cone-shaped cell, that focuses light in a compound eye. 1
GO:0050768 negative regulation of neurogenesis Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neurogenesis, the origin and formation of neurons. 1
GO:0035096 larval midgut cell programmed cell death The stage-specific programmed cell death of cells of the larval midgut, during histolysis of the larval organ. 1
GO:0008038 neuron recognition The process in which a neuronal cell in a multicellular organism interprets its surroundings. 1
GO:0010198 synergid death Synergid cells undergo degeneration and death in response to penetration by the pollen tube. It is an active process that involves a dramatic decrease in cell volume, collapse of the vacuoles, and complete disintegration of the plasma membrane and most organelles. 1
GO:0045168 cell-cell signaling involved in cell fate commitment Signaling at long or short range between cells that results in the commitment of a cell to a certain fate. 1
GO:0030098 lymphocyte differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized precursor cell acquires specialized features of a lymphocyte. A lymphocyte is a leukocyte commonly found in the blood and lymph that has the characteristics of a large nucleus, a neutral staining cytoplasm, and prominent heterochromatin. 1
GO:0060706 cell differentiation involved in embryonic placenta development The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of the embryonic placenta. 1
GO:0033153 T cell receptor V(D)J recombination The process in which T cell receptor V, D, and J, or V and J gene segments, depending on the specific locus, are recombined within a single locus utilizing the conserved heptamer and nonomer recombination signal sequences (RSS). 1
GO:0060487 lung epithelial cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an epithelial cell that contributes to the epithelium of the lung. 1
GO:0060253 negative regulation of glial cell proliferation Any process that stops or decreases the rate or extent of glial cell proliferation. 1
GO:0060119 inner ear receptor cell development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an inner ear receptor cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a specific fate. 1
GO:0007309 oocyte axis specification The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of an axis in the oocyte. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster. 1
GO:0060317 cardiac epithelial to mesenchymal transition A transition where a cardiac epithelial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell. 1