| GOID Link to GO |
Functional Category | Description | Protein Count link to protein list |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0005700 | polytene chromosome | A type of chromosome in a polyploid cell, formed when multiple copies of homologous chromosomes are aligned side by side to give a giant chromosome in which distinct chromosome bands are readily visible. | 89 |
| GO:0000785 | chromatin | The ordered and organized complex of DNA, protein, and sometimes RNA, that forms the chromosome. | 69 |
| GO:0000776 | kinetochore | A multisubunit complex that is located at the centromeric region of DNA and provides an attachment point for the spindle microtubules. | 55 |
| GO:0005703 | polytene chromosome puff | A swelling at a site along the length of a polytene chromosome, thought to be the site of active transcription. | 54 |
| GO:0000775 | chromosome, centromeric region | The region of a chromosome that includes the centromeric DNA and associated proteins. In monocentric chromosomes, this region corresponds to a single area of the chromosome, whereas in holocentric chromosomes, it is evenly distributed along the chromosome. | 35 |
| GO:0044427 | chromosomal part | Any constituent part of a chromosome, a structure composed of a very long molecule of DNA and associated proteins (e.g. histones) that carries hereditary information. | 28 |
| GO:0000781 | chromosome, telomeric region | The terminal region of a linear chromosome that includes the telomeric DNA repeats and associated proteins. | 26 |
| GO:0000793 | condensed chromosome | A highly compacted molecule of DNA and associated proteins resulting in a cytologically distinct structure. | 25 |
| GO:0005705 | polytene chromosome interband | A stretch of less tightly packed chromatin along the polytene chromosome, found between bands. | 24 |
| GO:0000792 | heterochromatin | A compact and highly condensed form of chromatin. | 24 |
| GO:0001741 | XY body | A structure found in a male mammalian spermatocyte containing an unpaired X chromosome that has become densely heterochromatic, silenced and localized at the nuclear periphery. | 22 |
| GO:0005657 | replication fork | The Y-shaped region of a replicating DNA molecule, resulting from the separation of the DNA strands and in which the synthesis of new strands takes place. Also includes associated protein complexes. | 20 |
| GO:0033503 | HULC complex | A ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme complex that contains two RING finger proteins, which have ubiquitin ligase activity, in addition to a protein with ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme activity; catalyzes the ubiquitination of histone H2B at lysine 119 (or the equivalent residue). In Schizosaccharomyces the subunits are Rhp1, Brl2/Rfp1 and Brl1/Rfp2. | 20 |
| GO:0035327 | transcriptionally active chromatin | The ordered and organized complex of DNA and protein that forms regions of the chromosome that are being actively transcribed. | 16 |
| GO:0031934 | mating-type region heterochromatin | Heterochromatic regions of the chromosome found at silenced mating-type loci. | 14 |
| GO:0035861 | site of double-strand break | A region of a chromosome at which a DNA double-strand break has occurred. DNA damage signaling and repair proteins accumulate at the lesion to respond to the damage and repair the DNA to form a continuous DNA helix. | 13 |
| GO:0000805 | X chromosome | The sex chromosome present in both sexes of species in which the male is the heterogametic sex. Two copies of the X chromosome are present in each somatic cell of females and one copy is present in males. | 11 |
| GO:0031933 | telomeric heterochromatin | Heterochromatic regions of the chromosome found at the telomeres. | 11 |
| GO:0000939 | condensed chromosome inner kinetochore | The region of a condensed chromosome kinetochore closest to centromeric DNA; in mammals the CREST antigens (CENP proteins) are found in this layer; this layer may help define underlying centromeric chromatin structure and position of the kinetochore on the chromosome. | 10 |
| GO:0000806 | Y chromosome | The sex chromosome present in males of species in which the male is the heterogametic sex; generally, the sex chromosome that pairs with the X chromosome in the heterogametic sex. The Y chromosome is absent from the cells of females and present in one copy in the somatic cells of males. | 10 |
| GO:0031523 | Myb complex | A multisubunit complex consisting of Myb and other proteins that regulates site specific DNA replication, gene amplification and transcriptional repression. | 9 |
| GO:0000228 | nuclear chromosome | A chromosome found in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell. | 8 |
| GO:0005701 | polytene chromosome chromocenter | A region at which the centric regions of polytene chromosomes are joined together. | 8 |
| GO:0000777 | condensed chromosome kinetochore | A multisubunit complex that is located at the centromeric region of a condensed chromosome and provides an attachment point for the spindle microtubules. | 8 |
| GO:0010369 | chromocenter | A region in which centric, heterochromatic portions of one or more chromosomes form a compact structure. | 8 |
| GO:0000779 | condensed chromosome, centromeric region | The region of a condensed chromosome that includes the centromere and associated proteins, including the kinetochore. In monocentric chromosomes, this region corresponds to a single area of the chromosome, whereas in holocentric chromosomes, it is evenly distributed along the chromosome. | 7 |
| GO:0043505 | centromere-specific nucleosome | A form of nucleosome located only at the centromere, in which the histone H3 is replaced by the variant form CENP-A (sometimes known as CenH3). | 7 |
| GO:0005721 | centromeric heterochromatin | A region of heterochromatin located near the centromere of a chromosome. | 6 |
| GO:0000786 | nucleosome | A complex comprised of DNA wound around a multisubunit core and associated proteins, which forms the primary packing unit of DNA into higher order structures. | 6 |
| GO:0005663 | DNA replication factor C complex | A complex of five polypeptides in eukaryotes, and two in prokaryotes, that loads the DNA polymerase processivity factor proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) onto DNA, thereby permitting processive DNA synthesis catalyzed by DNA polymerase. | 5 |
| GO:0031391 | Elg1 RFC-like complex | A pentameric complex related to replication factor C, which loads the DNA polymerase processivity factor proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) onto DNA and has roles in telomere length regulation and other aspects of genome stability. In Saccharomyces the subunits are known as Elg1p, Rfc2p, Rfc3p, Rfc4p, and Rfc5p. | 5 |
| GO:0031390 | Ctf18 RFC-like complex | A heptameric complex related to replication factor C, which loads the DNA polymerase processivity factor proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) onto DNA and plays a vital role in chromosome cohesion. In Saccharomyces the subunits are known as Ctf18p, Rfc2p, Rfc3p, Rfc4p, Rfc5p, Dcc1p, and Ctf8p. | 4 |
| GO:0000796 | condensin complex | A multisubunit protein complex that plays a central role in chromosome condensation. | 4 |
| GO:0033551 | monopolin complex | A protein complex required for clamping microtubule binding sites, ensuring orientation of sister kinetochores to the same pole (mono-orientation) during meiosis I. In the yeast S. cerevisiae this complex consists of Csm1p, Lrs4p, Hrr25p and Mam1p; in S. pombe Psc1 and Mde4 have been identified as subunits. | 4 |
| GO:0030893 | meiotic cohesin complex | A cohesin complex that mediates sister chromatid cohesion during meiosis; has a subunit composition distinct from that of the mitotic cohesin complex. | 4 |
| GO:0031389 | Rad17 RFC-like complex | A pentameric protein complex related to replication factor C, which loads a trimeric complex of checkpoint proteins (known as the checkpoint clamp or 9-1-1 complex) onto DNA at damage sites; functions in DNA damage cell cycle checkpoints. In Schizosaccharomyces pombe the subunits are known as Rad17, Rfc2, Rfc3, Rfc4, and Rfc5, while in Saccharomyces cerevisiae the subunits are known as Rad24p, Rfc2p, Rfc3p, Rfc4p, and Rfc5p. | 4 |
| GO:0000940 | condensed chromosome outer kinetochore | The region of a condensed chromosome kinetochore most external to centromeric DNA; this outer region mediates kinetochore-microtubule interactions. | 4 |
| GO:0000791 | euchromatin | A dispersed and relatively uncompacted form of chromatin. | 4 |
| GO:0008278 | cohesin complex | A protein complex that is required for sister chromatid cohesion in eukaryotes. The cohesin complex forms a molecular ring complex, and is composed of structural maintenance of chromosomes (SMC) and kleisin proteins. For example, in yeast, the complex is composed of the SMC proteins Smc1p and Smc3p, and the kleisin protein Scc1p. In vertebrates, the complex is composed of the SMC1 (SMC1A or SMC1B) and SMC3 heterodimer attached via their hinge domains to a kleisin (RAD21, REC8 or RAD21L) which links them, and one STAG protein (STAG1, STAG2 or STAG3). | 3 |
| GO:0033553 | rDNA heterochromatin | A region of heterochromatin located at the rDNA repeats in a chromosome. | 2 |
| GO:0008280 | cohesin core heterodimer | The core heterodimer of a cohesin complex; a structure required for sister chromatid cohesion in eukaryotes. | 2 |
| GO:0035012 | polytene chromosome, telomeric region | The terminal region of a polytene chromosome. | 1 |
| GO:0005704 | polytene chromosome band | A stretch of densely packed chromatin along the polytene chromosome, visible as a morphologically distinct band. | 1 |
| GO:0031422 | RecQ helicase-Topo III complex | A complex containing a RecQ family helicase and a topoisomerase III homologue; may also include one or more additional proteins; conserved from E. coli to human. | 1 |
| GO:0005723 | alpha-heterochromatin | A small, compact region of heterochromatin located in the middle of the polytene chromosome chromocenter, which undergoes little or no replication during polytenization. | 1 |
| GO:0030849 | autosome | Any chromosome other than a sex chromosome. | 1 |
| GO:0030894 | replisome | A multi-component enzymatic machine at the replication fork which mediates DNA replication. Includes DNA primase, one or more DNA polymerases, DNA helicases, and other proteins. | 1 |
| GO:0035328 | transcriptionally silent chromatin | The ordered and organized complex of DNA and protein that forms regions of the chromosome that are not being actively transcribed. | 1 |