| GOID Link to GO |
Functional Category | Description | Protein Count link to protein list |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0005875 | microtubule associated complex | Any multimeric complex connected to a microtubule. | 477 |
| GO:0014069 | postsynaptic density | The post synaptic density is a region that lies adjacent to the cytoplasmic face of the postsynaptic membrane at excitatory synapse. It forms a disc that consists of a range of proteins with different functions, some of which contact the cytoplasmic domains of ion channels in the postsynaptic membrane. The proteins making up the disc include receptors, and structural proteins linked to the actin cytoskeleton. They also include signalling machinery, such as protein kinases and phosphatases. | 126 |
| GO:0015629 | actin cytoskeleton | The part of the cytoskeleton (the internal framework of a cell) composed of actin and associated proteins. Includes actin cytoskeleton-associated complexes. | 126 |
| GO:0005819 | spindle | The array of microtubules and associated molecules that forms between opposite poles of a eukaryotic cell during mitosis or meiosis and serves to move the duplicated chromosomes apart. | 118 |
| GO:0015630 | microtubule cytoskeleton | The part of the cytoskeleton (the internal framework of a cell) composed of microtubules and associated proteins. | 118 |
| GO:0044430 | cytoskeletal part | Any constituent part of the cytoskeleton, a cellular scaffolding or skeleton that maintains cell shape, enables some cell motion (using structures such as flagella and cilia), and plays important roles in both intra-cellular transport (e.g. the movement of vesicles and organelles) and cellular division. Includes constituent parts of intermediate filaments, microfilaments, microtubules, and the microtrabecular lattice. | 112 |
| GO:0001725 | stress fiber | A contractile actin filament bundle that consists of short actin filaments with alternating polarity, cross-linked by alpha-actinin and possibly other actin bundling proteins, and with myosin present in a periodic distribution along the fiber. | 96 |
| GO:0031941 | filamentous actin | A two-stranded helical polymer of the protein actin. | 95 |
| GO:0005874 | microtubule | Any of the long, generally straight, hollow tubes of internal diameter 12-15 nm and external diameter 24 nm found in a wide variety of eukaryotic cells; each consists (usually) of 13 protofilaments of polymeric tubulin, staggered in such a manner that the tubulin monomers are arranged in a helical pattern on the microtubular surface, and with the alpha/beta axes of the tubulin subunits parallel to the long axis of the tubule; exist in equilibrium with pool of tubulin monomers and can be rapidly assembled or disassembled in response to physiological stimuli; concerned with force generation, e.g. in the spindle. | 93 |
| GO:0005876 | spindle microtubule | Any microtubule that is part of a mitotic or meiotic spindle; anchored at one spindle pole. | 79 |
| GO:0045111 | intermediate filament cytoskeleton | Cytoskeletal structure made from intermediate filaments, typically organized in the cytosol as an extended system that stretches from the nuclear envelope to the plasma membrane. Some intermediate filaments run parallel to the cell surface, while others traverse the cytosol; together they form an internal framework that helps support the shape and resilience of the cell. | 66 |
| GO:0005826 | actomyosin contractile ring | A cytoskeletal structure composed of actin filaments and myosin that forms beneath the plasma membrane of many cells, including animal cells and yeast cells, in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the spindle, i.e. the cell division plane. Ring contraction is associated with centripetal growth of the membrane that divides the cytoplasm of the two daughter cells. In animal cells, the contractile ring is located inside the plasma membrane at the location of the cleavage furrow. In budding fungal cells, e.g. mitotic S. cerevisiae cells, the contractile ring forms beneath the plasma membrane at the mother-bud neck before mitosis. | 60 |
| GO:0000922 | spindle pole | Either of the ends of a spindle, where spindle microtubules are organized; usually contains a microtubule organizing center and accessory molecules, spindle microtubules and astral microtubules. | 56 |
| GO:0072686 | mitotic spindle | A spindle that forms as part of mitosis. Mitotic and meiotic spindles contain distinctive complements of proteins associated with microtubules. | 56 |
| GO:0005881 | cytoplasmic microtubule | Any microtubule in the cytoplasm of a cell. | 52 |
| GO:0005865 | striated muscle thin filament | Filaments formed of actin and associated proteins; attached to Z discs at either end of sarcomeres in myofibrils. | 51 |
| GO:0035371 | microtubule plus end | The growing (plus) end of a microtubule. In vitro, microtubules polymerize more quickly at the plus end than at the minus end. In vivo, microtubule growth occurs only at the plus end, and the plus end switches between periods of growth and shortening, a behavior known as dynamic instability. | 50 |
| GO:0000235 | astral microtubule | Any of the spindle microtubules that radiate in all directions from the spindle poles and are thought to contribute to the forces that separate the poles and position them in relation to the rest of the cell. | 46 |
| GO:0005882 | intermediate filament | A cytoskeletal structure that forms a distinct elongated structure, characteristically 10 nm in diameter, that occurs in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells. Intermediate filaments form a fibrous system, composed of chemically heterogeneous subunits and involved in mechanically integrating the various components of the cytoplasmic space. Intermediate filaments may be divided into five chemically distinct classes: Type I, acidic keratins; Type II, basic keratins; Type III, including desmin, vimentin and others; Type IV, neurofilaments and related filaments; and Type V, lamins. | 43 |
| GO:0005859 | muscle myosin complex | A filament of myosin found in a muscle cell of any type. | 43 |
| GO:0005815 | microtubule organizing center | An intracellular structure that can catalyze gamma-tubulin-dependent microtubule nucleation and that can anchor microtubules by interacting with their minus ends, plus ends or sides. | 39 |
| GO:0051233 | spindle midzone | The area in the center of the spindle where the spindle microtubules from opposite poles overlap. | 39 |
| GO:0005884 | actin filament | A filamentous structure formed of a two-stranded helical polymer of the protein actin and associated proteins. Actin filaments are a major component of the contractile apparatus of skeletal muscle and the microfilaments of the cytoskeleton of eukaryotic cells. The filaments, comprising polymerized globular actin molecules, appear as flexible structures with a diameter of 5-9 nm. They are organized into a variety of linear bundles, two-dimensional networks, and three dimensional gels. In the cytoskeleton they are most highly concentrated in the cortex of the cell just beneath the plasma membrane. | 35 |
| GO:0031477 | myosin VII complex | A myosin complex containing a dimer of class VII myosin heavy chains and associated light chains. Myosin VII (240 kDa) is predicted to be a dimeric molecule with 5 IQ motifs and a tail region with a short stretch of coiled coil followed by two myosin-tail homology (MyTH4) domains, two talin-binding (FERM) domains and an SH3-domain. | 34 |
| GO:0032982 | myosin filament | A protein complex containing myosin heavy chains, plus associated light chains and other proteins, in which the myosin heavy chains are arranged into a filament. | 33 |
| GO:0030864 | cortical actin cytoskeleton | The portion of the actin cytoskeleton, comprising filamentous actin and associated proteins, that lies just beneath the plasma membrane. | 33 |
| GO:0042642 | actomyosin, myosin complex part | The myosin part of any complex of actin, myosin, and accessory proteins. | 32 |
| GO:0030479 | actin cortical patch | A discrete actin-containing structure found at the plasma membrane in cells, at sites of endocytosis; formed of networks of branched actin filaments that lie just beneath the plasma membrane and assemble, move, and disassemble rapidly. An example of this is the actin cortical patch found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. | 27 |
| GO:0005863 | striated muscle myosin thick filament | Bipolar filaments formed of polymers of a muscle-specific myosin II isoform, found in the middle of sarcomeres in myofibrils. | 26 |
| GO:0005871 | kinesin complex | Any complex that includes a dimer of molecules from the kinesin superfamily, a group of related proteins that contain an extended region of predicted alpha-helical coiled coil in the main chain that likely produces dimerization. The native complexes of several kinesin family members have also been shown to contain additional peptides, often designated light chains as all of the noncatalytic subunits that are currently known are smaller than the chain that contains the motor unit. Kinesin complexes generally possess a force-generating enzymatic activity, or motor, which converts the free energy of the gamma phosphate bond of ATP into mechanical work. | 24 |
| GO:0005879 | axonemal microtubule | A microtubule in the axoneme of a cilium or flagellum; an axoneme contains nine modified doublet microtubules surrounding a pair of single microtubules. | 23 |
| GO:0030863 | cortical cytoskeleton | The portion of the cytoskeleton that lies just beneath the plasma membrane. | 22 |
| GO:0005868 | cytoplasmic dynein complex | Any dynein complex that catalyzes movement along a cytoplasmic microtubule; cytoplasmic dynein complexes participates in many transport activities in eukaryotes, such as mRNA localization, intermediate filament transport, nuclear envelope breakdown, apoptosis, transport of centrosomal proteins, mitotic spindle assembly, virus transport, kinetochore functions, and movement of signaling and spindle checkpoint proteins. Subunits associated with the dynein heavy chain mediate association between dynein heavy chain and cargoes,and may include light chains and light intermediate chains. | 20 |
| GO:0042641 | actomyosin | Any complex of actin, myosin, and accessory proteins. | 20 |
| GO:0032432 | actin filament bundle | An assembly of actin filaments that are on the same axis but may be oriented with the same or opposite polarities and may be packed with different levels of tightness. | 19 |
| GO:0045298 | tubulin complex | A heterodimer of tubulins alpha and beta that constitutes the protomer for microtubule assembly. | 19 |
| GO:0016460 | myosin II complex | A myosin complex containing two class II myosin heavy chains, two myosin essential light chains and two myosin regulatory light chains. Also known as classical myosin or conventional myosin, the myosin II class includes the major muscle myosin of vertebrate and invertebrate muscle, and is characterized by alpha-helical coiled coil tails that self assemble to form a variety of filament structures. | 15 |
| GO:0005827 | polar microtubule | Any of the spindle microtubules that come from each pole and overlap at the spindle midzone. This interdigitating structure consisting of antiparallel microtubules is responsible for pushing the poles of the spindle apart. | 15 |
| GO:0005828 | kinetochore microtubule | Any of the spindle microtubules that attach to the kinetochores of chromosomes by their plus ends, and maneuver the chromosomes during mitotic or meiotic chromosome segregation. | 15 |
| GO:0000142 | cellular bud neck contractile ring | A contractile ring, i.e. a cytoskeletal structure composed of actin filaments and myosin, that forms beneath the plasma membrane at the mother-bud neck in mitotic cells that divide by budding in preparation for completing cytokinesis. An example of this structure is found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. | 14 |
| GO:0016459 | myosin complex | A protein complex, formed of one or more myosin heavy chains plus associated light chains and other proteins, that functions as a molecular motor; uses the energy of ATP hydrolysis to move actin filaments or to move vesicles or other cargo on fixed actin filaments; has magnesium-ATPase activity and binds actin. Myosin classes are distinguished based on sequence features of the motor, or head, domain, but also have distinct tail regions that are believed to bind specific cargoes. | 14 |
| GO:0071817 | MMXD complex | A protein complex that contains the proteins MMS19, MIP18 and XPD, localizes to mitotic spindle during mitosis, and is required for proper chromosome segregation. | 14 |
| GO:0070865 | investment cone | A cytoskeletal part that consists of a microfilament-rich cone that forms round each nucleus in a spermatogenic cyst and translocates the length of the cyst during sperm individualization. | 14 |
| GO:0005869 | dynactin complex | A 20S multiprotein assembly of total mass about 1.2 MDa that activates dynein-based activity in vivo. A large structural component of the complex is an actin-like 40 nm filament composed of actin-related protein, to which other components attach. | 13 |
| GO:0005885 | Arp2/3 protein complex | A stable protein complex that contains two actin-related proteins, Arp2 and Arp3, and five novel proteins (ARPC1-5), and functions in the nucleation of branched actin filaments. | 12 |
| GO:0005940 | septin ring | A tight ring-shaped structure that forms in the division plane at the site of cytokinesis; composed of members of the conserved family of filament-forming proteins called septins as well as septin-associated proteins. This type of septin structure is observed at the bud neck of budding fungal cells, at the site of cell division in animal cells, at the junction between the mother cell and a pseudohyphal projection, and also within hyphae of filamentous fungi at sites where a septum will form. | 12 |
| GO:0005880 | nuclear microtubule | Any microtubule in the nucleus of a cell. | 11 |
| GO:0016461 | unconventional myosin complex | A portmanteau term for myosins other than myosin II. | 11 |
| GO:0005861 | troponin complex | A complex of accessory proteins (typically troponin T, troponin I and troponin C) found associated with actin in muscle thin filaments; involved in calcium regulation of muscle contraction. | 10 |
| GO:0035253 | ciliary rootlet | A cytoskeleton-like structure, originating from the basal body at the proximal end of a cilium, and extending proximally toward the cell nucleus. Rootlets are typically 80-100 nm in diameter and contain cross striae distributed at regular intervals of approximately 55-70 nm. | 9 |
| GO:0042643 | actomyosin, actin part | The actin part of any complex of actin, myosin, and accessory proteins. | 9 |
| GO:0045160 | myosin I complex | A myosin complex containing a class I myosin heavy chain and associated light chains; myosin I heavy chains are single-headed, possess tails of various lengths, and do not self-associate into bipolar filaments; myosin I complexes are involved in diverse processes related to membrane traffic and cell movement. | 9 |
| GO:0002102 | podosome | An actin-rich adhesion structure characterized by formation upon cell substrate contact and localization at the substrate-attached part of the cell, contain an F-actin-rich core surrounded by a ring structure containing proteins such as vinculin and talin, and have a diameter of 0.5 mm. | 9 |
| GO:0010005 | cortical microtubule, transverse to long axis | Arrays of microtubules underlying and connected to the plasma membrane, in the cortical cytosol, oriented mainly with their axes transverse to the long axis of the cell (and root in plants). In plants it influences the direction of cellulose microfibril deposition. | 9 |
| GO:0032168 | hyphal septin ring | A tight ring-shaped structure that forms in the division plane within hyphae of filamentous fungi at sites where a septum will form; composed of septins as well as septin-associated proteins. | 9 |
| GO:0030478 | actin cap | Polarized accumulation of cytoskeletal proteins (including F-actin) and regulatory proteins in a cell. An example of this is the actin cap found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. | 9 |
| GO:0009574 | preprophase band | A dense band of microtubules, 1-3 pm wide, that appears just beneath the cell membrane before the start of cell division in the cells of higher plants. It precedes the onset of prophase and then disappears as mitosis begins, yet it somehow determines the plane of orientation of the new cell plate forming in late telophase and marks the zone of the parental cell wall where fusion with the growing cell plate ultimately occurs. | 8 |
| GO:0030286 | dynein complex | Any of several large complexes that contain two or three dynein heavy chains and several light chains, and have microtubule motor activity. | 8 |
| GO:0031476 | myosin VI complex | A myosin complex containing one or more class VI myosin heavy chains and associated light chains. Myosin VI has a single IQ motif in the neck and a tail region with a coiled coil domain followed by a unique globular domain; a unique insertion that enables myosin VI to move towards the pointed or minus end of actin filaments. | 8 |
| GO:0031475 | myosin V complex | A myosin complex containing a dimer of class V myosin heavy chains and associated light chains; involved in intracellular transport. Myosin V is a dimeric molecule consisting of conserved motor domains followed by 6 IQ motifs which bind specific light chains and calmodulin. The tail domain is important for cellular localization and cargo binding and can be divided into an alpha-helical coiled coil region and a C-terminal globular region. | 8 |
| GO:0005818 | aster | An array of microtubules emanating from a spindle pole MTOC that do not connect to kinetochores. | 8 |
| GO:0032133 | chromosome passenger complex | A eukaryotically conserved protein complex that localizes to kinetochores in early mitosis, the spindle mid-zone in anaphase B and to the telophase midbody. It has been proposed that the passenger complex coordinates various events based on its location to different structures during the course of mitosis. Complex members include the BIR-domain-containing protein Survivin, Aurora B kinase, INCENP and Borealin. | 7 |
| GO:0032437 | cuticular plate | A dense network of actin filaments found beneath the apical cell surface of hair cells, and into which stereocilia are inserted. | 7 |
| GO:0031105 | septin complex | Any of several heterooligomeric complexes containing multiple septins. | 7 |
| GO:0072687 | meiotic spindle | A spindle that forms as part of meiosis. Several proteins, such as budding yeast Spo21p, fission yeast Spo2 and Spo13, and C. elegans mei-1, localize specifically to the meiotic spindle and are absent from the mitotic spindle. | 6 |
| GO:0016939 | kinesin II complex | A complex consisting of two distinct motor subunits that form a heterodimer complexed with a third non-motor accessory subunit, the kinesin associated protein or KAP; the KIF3 heterodimer interacts via its C-terminal portion with KAP, which is thought to regulate the binding of the motor to cargo membranes. | 6 |
| GO:0014731 | spectrin-associated cytoskeleton | The part of the cytoskeleton composed of spectrin, protein 4.1 and ankyrin. Spectrin-associated cytoskeleton is associated with the plasma membrane. | 6 |
| GO:0055028 | cortical microtubule | Arrays of microtubules underlying and connected to the plasma membrane in the cortical cytosol. | 5 |
| GO:0000144 | cellular bud neck septin ring | A ring-shaped structure that forms at the site of cytokinesis; composed of members of the conserved family of filament forming proteins called septins as well as septin-associated proteins. In S. cerevisiae, this structure forms at the time of bud emergence and the septins show a high rate of exchange. | 5 |
| GO:0032160 | septin filament array | Arrays of septin filaments, or bars, found in a series of filamentous structures. Such structures have been observed in the prospore membrane during spore formation in S. cerevisiae and in the chlamydospore membrane during chlamydospore formation in C. albicans. | 5 |
| GO:0005638 | lamin filament | Any of a group of intermediate-filament proteins that form the fibrous matrix on the inner surface of the nuclear envelope. They are classified as lamins A, B and C. | 5 |
| GO:0008091 | spectrin | Membrane associated dimeric protein (240 and 220 kDa) of erythrocytes. Forms a complex with ankyrin, actin and probably other components of the membrane cytoskeleton, so that there is a mesh of proteins underlying the plasma membrane, potentially restricting the lateral mobility of integral proteins. | 5 |
| GO:0048788 | presynaptic cytoskeletal matrix assembled at active zones | The specialized cytoskeletal matrix assembled at the active zones of the presynaptic nerve terminal. The cytoskeletal matrix is a proteinaceous structure involved in organizing synaptic events such as immobilisation or translocation of synaptic vesicles, and assembling active zone components. The cytomatrix protein exclusively assembled at active zones, is thought to form a molecular scaffold that organizes neurotransmitter release sites. | 5 |
| GO:0008290 | F-actin capping protein complex | A heterodimer consisting of alpha and beta subunits that binds to and caps the barbed ends of actin filaments, thereby regulating the polymerization of actin monomers but not severing actin filaments. | 4 |
| GO:0005858 | axonemal dynein complex | A dynein complex found in eukaryotic cilia and flagella; the motor domain heads interact with adjacent microtubules to generate a sliding force which is converted to a bending motion. May contain two or three dynein heavy chains as well as several light chains. | 4 |
| GO:0005862 | muscle thin filament tropomyosin | A form of the tropomyosin dimer found associated with actin and the troponin complex in muscle thin filaments. | 3 |
| GO:0031002 | actin rod | A cellular structure consisting of parallel, hexagonally arranged actin tubules, comprising filamentous actin and associated proteins. Found in the germinating spores of Dictyostelium discoideum. | 2 |
| GO:0001533 | cornified envelope | An insoluble protein structure formed under the plasma membrane of cornifying epithelial cells. | 2 |
| GO:0005873 | plus-end kinesin complex | Any complex that includes a dimer of molecules from the kinesin superfamily and any associated proteins, and moves towards the plus end of a microtubule. | 1 |
| GO:0097149 | centralspindlin complex | A heterotetrameric protein complex playing a key role in the formation of the central spindle in mitosis. Made up of two molecules each of a mitotic kinesin (ZEN-4 in Caenorhabditis elegans or MKLP1 in mammals) and of two molecules each of a GTPase activating protein (GAP) factor (CYK-4 in Caenorhabditis elegans or MgcRacGAP in mammals). | 1 |
| GO:1990023 | mitotic spindle midzone | The area in the center of the mitotic spindle where the spindle microtubules from opposite poles overlap. | 1 |
| GO:0060053 | neurofilament cytoskeleton | Intermediate filament cytoskeletal structure that is made up of neurofilaments. Neurofilaments are specialized intermediate filaments found in neurons. | 1 |
| GO:0030981 | cortical microtubule cytoskeleton | The portion of the microtubule cytoskeleton that lies just beneath the plasma membrane. | 1 |
| GO:0045095 | keratin filament | A filament composed of acidic and basic keratins (types I and II), typically expressed in epithelial cells. The keratins are the most diverse classes of IF proteins, with a large number of keratin isoforms being expressed. Each type of epithelium always expresses a characteristic combination of type I and type II keratins. | 1 |