| GOID Link to GO |
Functional Category | Description | Protein Count link to protein list |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0006099 | tricarboxylic acid cycle | A nearly universal metabolic pathway in which the acetyl group of acetyl coenzyme A is effectively oxidized to two CO2 and four pairs of electrons are transferred to coenzymes. The acetyl group combines with oxaloacetate to form citrate, which undergoes successive transformations to isocitrate, 2-oxoglutarate, succinyl-CoA, succinate, fumarate, malate, and oxaloacetate again, thus completing the cycle. In eukaryotes the tricarboxylic acid is confined to the mitochondria. See also glyoxylate cycle. | 51 |
| GO:0006096 | glycolysis | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a monosaccharide (generally glucose) into pyruvate, with the concomitant production of a small amount of ATP. Glycolysis begins with phosphorylation of a monosaccharide (generally glucose) on the sixth carbon by a hexokinase, and ends with the production of pyruvate. Pyruvate may be converted to ethanol, lactate, or other small molecules, or fed into the TCA cycle. | 50 |
| GO:0006112 | energy reserve metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways by which a cell derives energy from stored compounds such as fats or glycogen. | 47 |
| GO:0022904 | respiratory electron transport chain | A process in which a series of electron carriers operate together to transfer electrons from donors such as NADH and FADH2 to any of several different terminal electron acceptors to generate a transmembrane electrochemical gradient. | 36 |
| GO:0009060 | aerobic respiration | The enzymatic release of energy from organic compounds (especially carbohydrates and fats) which requires oxygen as the terminal electron acceptor. | 22 |
| GO:0005977 | glycogen metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycogen, a polydisperse, highly branched glucan composed of chains of D-glucose residues in alpha-(1->4) glycosidic linkage, joined together by alpha-(1->6) glycosidic linkages. | 17 |
| GO:0005980 | glycogen catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycogen, a polydisperse, highly branched glucan composed of chains of D-glucose residues. | 11 |
| GO:0005978 | glycogen biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycogen, a polydisperse, highly branched glucan composed of chains of D-glucose residues. | 10 |
| GO:0006122 | mitochondrial electron transport, ubiquinol to cytochrome c | The transfer of electrons from ubiquinol to cytochrome c that occurs during oxidative phosphorylation, mediated by the multisubunit enzyme known as complex III. | 8 |
| GO:0006120 | mitochondrial electron transport, NADH to ubiquinone | The transfer of electrons from NADH to ubiquinone that occurs during oxidative phosphorylation, mediated by the multisubunit enzyme known as complex I. | 7 |
| GO:0022900 | electron transport chain | A process in which a series of electron carriers operate together to transfer electrons from donors to any of several different terminal electron acceptors to generate a transmembrane electrochemical gradient. | 6 |
| GO:0009061 | anaerobic respiration | The enzymatic release of energy from organic compounds (especially carbohydrates and fats) which uses compounds other than oxygen (e.g. nitrate, sulfate) as the terminal electron acceptor. | 6 |
| GO:0006121 | mitochondrial electron transport, succinate to ubiquinone | The transfer of electrons from succinate to ubiquinone that occurs during oxidative phosphorylation, mediated by the multisubunit enzyme known as complex II. | 5 |
| GO:0006119 | oxidative phosphorylation | The phosphorylation of ADP to ATP that accompanies the oxidation of a metabolite through the operation of the respiratory chain. Oxidation of compounds establishes a proton gradient across the membrane, providing the energy for ATP synthesis. | 5 |
| GO:0045333 | cellular respiration | The enzymatic release of energy from organic compounds (especially carbohydrates and fats) which either requires oxygen (aerobic respiration) or does not (anaerobic respiration). | 5 |
| GO:0043458 | ethanol biosynthetic process involved in glucose fermentation to ethanol | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ethanol, CH3-CH2-OH, as part of the process of glucose catabolism to ethanol, CO2 and ATP. | 4 |
| GO:0006123 | mitochondrial electron transport, cytochrome c to oxygen | The transfer of electrons from cytochrome c to oxygen that occurs during oxidative phosphorylation, mediated by the multisubunit enzyme known as complex IV. | 4 |
| GO:0006113 | fermentation | The anaerobic enzymatic conversion of organic compounds, especially carbohydrates, to other compounds, especially to ethyl alcohol, yielding energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). | 4 |
| GO:0042775 | mitochondrial ATP synthesis coupled electron transport | The transfer of electrons through a series of electron donors and acceptors, generating energy that is ultimately used for synthesis of ATP, as it occurs in the mitochondrial inner membrane or chloroplast thylakoid membrane. | 3 |
| GO:0015980 | energy derivation by oxidation of organic compounds | The chemical reactions and pathways by which a cell derives energy from organic compounds; results in the oxidation of the compounds from which energy is released. | 2 |
| GO:0010207 | photosystem II assembly | The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a photosystem II complex on the thylakoid membrane. The photosystem II complex consists of at least 20 polypeptides and around 80 cofactors in most organisms. | 1 |
| GO:0042773 | ATP synthesis coupled electron transport | The transfer of electrons through a series of electron donors and acceptors, generating energy that is ultimately used for synthesis of ATP. | 1 |
| GO:0006127 | glycerophosphate shuttle | The process of transferring reducing equivalents from the cytosol into the mitochondria; NADH is used to synthesise glycerol 3-phosphate in the cytosol; this compound is then transported into the mitochondria where it is converted to dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) using FAD; DHAP then returns to the cytosol to complete the cycle. | 1 |
| GO:0010206 | photosystem II repair | Proteolysis of the damaged D1 protein and re-assembly of a new D1 subunit in the photosystem II following photoinhibition. | 1 |
| GO:0043490 | malate-aspartate shuttle | The process of transferring reducing equivalents from the cytosol into the mitochondria; NADH is used to synthesise malate in the cytosol; this compound is then transported into the mitochondria where it is converted to oxaloacetate using NADH, the oxaloacetate reacts with gluamate to form aspartate, and the aspartate then returns to the cytosol to complete the cycle. | 1 |
| GO:0019646 | aerobic electron transport chain | A process in which a series of electron carriers operate together to transfer electrons from donors such as NADH and FADH2 to oxygen to generate a transmembrane electrochemical gradient. | 1 |
| GO:0015948 | methanogenesis | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of methane, a colorless, odorless, flammable gas with the formula CH4. It is the simplest of the alkanes. | 1 |