| GOID Link to GO |
Functional Category | Description | Protein Count link to protein list |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0060070 | canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway | The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes. In this pathway, the activated receptor signals via downstream effectors that result in the inhibition of beta-catenin phosphorylation, thereby preventing degradation of beta-catenin. Stabilized beta-catenin can then accumulate and travel to the nucleus to trigger changes in transcription of target genes. | 88 |
| GO:0007243 | intracellular protein kinase cascade | A series of reactions in which a signal is passed on to downstream proteins within the cell by sequential protein phosphorylation and activation of the cascade components. | 85 |
| GO:0007173 | epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway | A series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a ligand to the tyrosine kinase receptor EGFR (ERBB1) on the surface of a cell. The pathway ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. | 83 |
| GO:0048011 | neurotrophin TRK receptor signaling pathway | A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a neurotrophin to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where the receptor possesses tyrosine kinase activity, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. | 82 |
| GO:0035556 | intracellular signal transduction | The process in which a signal is passed on to downstream components within the cell, which become activated themselves to further propagate the signal and finally trigger a change in the function or state of the cell. | 77 |
| GO:0008543 | fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway | The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a fibroblast growth factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands. | 74 |
| GO:0008286 | insulin receptor signaling pathway | The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of the insulin receptor binding to insulin. | 67 |
| GO:0007264 | small GTPase mediated signal transduction | Any series of molecular signals in which a small monomeric GTPase relays one or more of the signals. | 65 |
| GO:0030509 | BMP signaling pathway | A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a member of the BMP (bone morphogenetic protein) family to a receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. | 63 |
| GO:0007186 | G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway | A series of molecular signals that proceeds with an activated receptor promoting the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha-subunit of an associated heterotrimeric G-protein complex. The GTP-bound activated alpha-G-protein then dissociates from the beta- and gamma-subunits to further transmit the signal within the cell. The pathway begins with receptor-ligand interaction, or for basal GPCR signaling the pathway begins with the receptor activating its G protein in the absence of an agonist, and ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. | 60 |
| GO:0007179 | transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway | A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to a transforming growth factor beta receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. | 58 |
| GO:0016055 | Wnt receptor signaling pathway | The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell and ending with a change in cell state. | 56 |
| GO:0006977 | DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in cell cycle arrest | A cascade of processes induced by the cell cycle regulator phosphoprotein p53, or an equivalent protein, in response to the detection of DNA damage and resulting in the stopping or reduction in rate of the cell cycle. | 54 |
| GO:0007166 | cell surface receptor signaling pathway | A series of molecular signals initiated by activation of a receptor on the surface of a cell. The pathway begins with binding of an extracellular ligand to a cell surface receptor, or for receptors that signal in the absence of a ligand, by ligand-withdrawal or the activity of a constitutively active receptor. The pathway ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. | 52 |
| GO:0007224 | smoothened signaling pathway | A series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of activation of the transmembrane protein Smoothened. | 51 |
| GO:0007219 | Notch signaling pathway | A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to the receptor Notch on the surface of a target cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. | 51 |
| GO:0007265 | Ras protein signal transduction | A series of molecular signals within the cell that are mediated by a member of the Ras superfamily of proteins switching to a GTP-bound active state. | 46 |
| GO:0000165 | MAPK cascade | An intracellular protein kinase cascade containing at least a MAPK, a MAPKK and a MAP3K. The cascade can also contain two additional tiers: the upstream MAP4K and the downstream MAP Kinase-activated kinase (MAPKAPK). The kinases in each tier phosphorylate and activate the kinases in the downstream tier to transmit a signal within a cell. | 42 |
| GO:0032011 | ARF protein signal transduction | A series of molecular signals within the cell that are mediated by a member of the ARF family of proteins switching to a GTP-bound active state. | 41 |
| GO:0007218 | neuropeptide signaling pathway | The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a peptide neurotransmitter binding to a cell surface receptor. | 38 |
| GO:0019933 | cAMP-mediated signaling | Any intracellular signal transduction in which the signal is passed on within the cell via cyclic AMP (cAMP). Includes production of cAMP, and downstream effectors that further transmit the signal within the cell. | 38 |
| GO:0023019 | signal transduction involved in regulation of gene expression | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression as a consequence of a process in which a signal is released and/or conveyed from one location to another. | 37 |
| GO:0030968 | endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response | The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of the presence of unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) or other ER-related stress; results in changes in the regulation of transcription and translation. | 37 |
| GO:0007200 | phospholipase C-activating G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway | The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a G-protein coupled receptor binding to its physiological ligand, where the pathway proceeds with activation of phospholipase C (PLC) and a subsequent increase in the concentration of inositol trisphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG). | 37 |
| GO:0019221 | cytokine-mediated signaling pathway | A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a cytokine to a receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. | 35 |
| GO:0019722 | calcium-mediated signaling | Any intracellular signal transduction in which the signal is passed on within the cell via calcium ions. | 34 |
| GO:0007191 | adenylate cyclase-activating dopamine receptor signaling pathway | The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a dopamine receptor binding to its physiological ligand, where the pathway proceeds with activation of adenylyl cyclase and a subsequent increase in the concentration of cyclic AMP (cAMP). | 33 |
| GO:0002755 | MyD88-dependent toll-like receptor signaling pathway | Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of binding to a toll-like receptor where the MyD88 adaptor molecule mediates transduction of the signal. Toll-like receptors directly bind pattern motifs from a variety of microbial sources to initiate innate immune response. | 28 |
| GO:0034134 | toll-like receptor 2 signaling pathway | Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of binding to toll-like receptor 2. | 25 |
| GO:0034142 | toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway | Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of binding to toll-like receptor 4. | 25 |
| GO:0023014 | signal transduction by phosphorylation | A process in which the transfer of one or more phosphate groups to a substrate transmits a signal to the phosphorylated substrate. | 25 |
| GO:0008063 | Toll signaling pathway | A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to the receptor Toll on the surface of a target cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. | 25 |
| GO:0007254 | JNK cascade | An intracellular protein kinase cascade containing at least a JNK (a MAPK), a JNKK (a MAPKK) and a JUN3K (a MAP3K). The cascade can also contain two additional tiers: the upstream MAP4K and the downstream MAP Kinase-activated kinase (MAPKAPK). The kinases in each tier phosphorylate and activate the kinases in the downstream tier to transmit a signal within a cell. | 25 |
| GO:0007210 | serotonin receptor signaling pathway | The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a serotonin receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands. | 25 |
| GO:0007193 | adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway | The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a G-protein coupled receptor binding to its physiological ligand, where the pathway proceeds through inhibition of adenylyl cyclase activity and a subsequent decrease in the concentration of cyclic AMP (cAMP). | 24 |
| GO:0034130 | toll-like receptor 1 signaling pathway | Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of binding to toll-like receptor 1. | 24 |
| GO:0007266 | Rho protein signal transduction | A series of molecular signals within the cell that are mediated by a member of the Rho family of proteins switching to a GTP-bound active state. | 23 |
| GO:0034138 | toll-like receptor 3 signaling pathway | Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of binding to toll-like receptor 3. | 23 |
| GO:0006987 | activation of signaling protein activity involved in unfolded protein response | The conversion of a specific protein, possessing protein kinase and endoribonuclease activities, to an active form as a result of signaling via the unfolded protein response. | 23 |
| GO:0007257 | activation of JUN kinase activity | The initiation of the activity of the inactive enzyme JUN kinase (JNK). | 21 |
| GO:0035666 | TRIF-dependent toll-like receptor signaling pathway | Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of binding to a toll-like receptor where the TRIF adaptor mediates transduction of the signal. Toll-like receptors directly bind pattern motifs from a variety of microbial sources to initiate innate immune response. | 21 |
| GO:0051482 | elevation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration involved in phospholipase C-activating G-protein coupled signaling pathway | Any process that increases the concentration of calcium ions in the cytosol that occurs as part of a PLC-activating G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway. G-protein-activated PLC hydrolyses phosphatidylinositol-bisphosphate (PIP2) to release diacylglycerol (DAG) and inositol trisphosphate (IP3). IP3 then binds to calcium release channels in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to trigger calcium ion release into the cytosol. | 21 |
| GO:0048009 | insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling pathway | The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of the insulin-like growth factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands. | 21 |
| GO:0048015 | phosphatidylinositol-mediated signaling | A series of molecular signals in which a cell uses a phosphatidylinositol-mediated signaling to convert a signal into a response. Phosphatidylinositols include phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) and its phosphorylated derivatives. | 20 |
| GO:0035235 | ionotropic glutamate receptor signaling pathway | A series of molecular signals initiated by glutamate binding to a glutamate receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by the movement of ions through a channel in the receptor complex. Ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. | 20 |
| GO:0007189 | adenylate cyclase-activating G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway | The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a G-protein coupled receptor binding to its physiological ligand, where the pathway proceeds through activation of adenylyl cyclase activity and a subsequent increase in the concentration of cyclic AMP (cAMP). | 19 |
| GO:0007602 | phototransduction | The sequence of reactions within a cell required to convert absorbed photons into a molecular signal. | 19 |
| GO:0050852 | T cell receptor signaling pathway | A series of molecular signals initiated by the cross-linking of an antigen receptor on a T cell. | 18 |
| GO:0048384 | retinoic acid receptor signaling pathway | The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a retinoic acid receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands. | 18 |
| GO:0051403 | stress-activated MAPK cascade | A series of molecular signals in which a stress-activated MAP kinase cascade relays one or more of the signals; MAP kinase cascades involve at least three protein kinase activities and culminate in the phosphorylation and activation of a MAP kinase. | 17 |
| GO:0006983 | ER overload response | The series of molecular signals generated by the accumulation of normal or misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum and leading to activation of transcription by NF-kappaB. | 17 |
| GO:0007188 | adenylate cyclase-modulating G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway | The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a G-protein coupled receptor binding to its physiological ligand, where the pathway proceeds through activation or inhibition of adenylyl cyclase activity and a subsequent change in the concentration of cyclic AMP (cAMP). | 17 |
| GO:0060395 | SMAD protein signal transduction | The cascade of processes by which a signal interacts with a receptor, causing a change in the activity of a SMAD protein, and ultimately effecting a change in the functioning of the cell. | 16 |
| GO:0007229 | integrin-mediated signaling pathway | A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of extracellular ligand to an integrin on the surface of a target cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. | 15 |
| GO:0031929 | TOR signaling cascade | A series of molecular signals mediated by TOR (Target of rapamycin) proteins, members of the phosphoinositide (PI) 3-kinase related kinase (PIKK) family that act as serine/threonine kinases in response to nutrient availability or growth factors. | 15 |
| GO:0097193 | intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway | A series of molecular signals in which an intracellular signal is conveyed to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway starts with reception of an intracellular signal (e.g. DNA damage, endoplasmic reticulum stress, oxidative stress etc.), and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered. The intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway is crucially regulated by permeabilization of the mitochondrial outer membrane (MOMP). | 14 |
| GO:0008293 | torso signaling pathway | A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to torso (a receptor tyrosine kinase) on the surface of a target cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. | 14 |
| GO:0070059 | intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress | A series of molecular signals in which an intracellular signal is conveyed to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway is induced in response to a stimulus indicating endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered. ER stress usually results from the accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins in the ER lumen. | 14 |
| GO:0060071 | Wnt receptor signaling pathway, planar cell polarity pathway | The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where activated receptors signal via downstream effectors including C-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) to modulate cytoskeletal elements and control cell polarity. | 13 |
| GO:0070371 | ERK1 and ERK2 cascade | An intracellular protein kinase cascade containing at least ERK1 or ERK2 (MAPKs), a MEK (a MAPKK) and a MAP3K. The cascade can also contain two additional tiers: the upstream MAP4K and the downstream MAP Kinase-activated kinase (MAPKAPK). The kinases in each tier phosphorylate and activate the kinases in the downstream tier to transmit a signal within a cell. | 13 |
| GO:0032486 | Rap protein signal transduction | A series of molecular signals within the cell that are mediated by a member of the Rap family of proteins switching to a GTP-bound active state. | 13 |
| GO:0042770 | signal transduction in response to DNA damage | A cascade of processes induced by the detection of DNA damage within a cell. | 13 |
| GO:0006978 | DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in transcription of p21 class mediator | A cascade of processes induced by the cell cycle regulator phosphoprotein p53, or an equivalent protein, resulting in the induction of the transcription of p21 (also known as WAF1, CIP1 and SDI1) or any equivalent protein, in response to the detection of DNA damage. | 12 |
| GO:0009738 | abscisic acid mediated signaling pathway | A series of molecular signals mediated by the detection of abscisic acid. | 12 |
| GO:0050853 | B cell receptor signaling pathway | A series of molecular signals initiated by the cross-linking of an antigen receptor on a B cell. | 12 |
| GO:0035329 | hippo signaling cascade | The series of molecular signals mediated by the serine/threonine kinase Hippo or one of its orthologs. In Drosophila, Hippo in complex with the scaffold protein Salvador (Sav), phosphorylates and activates Warts (Wts), which in turn phosphorylates and inactivates the Yorkie (Yki) transcriptional activator. The core fly components hippo, sav, wts and mats are conserved in mammals as STK4/3 (MST1/2), SAV1/WW45, LATS1/2 and MOB1. | 12 |
| GO:0097190 | apoptotic signaling pathway | A series of molecular signals which triggers the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway starts with reception of a signal, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered. | 12 |
| GO:0030522 | intracellular receptor signaling pathway | Any series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to an receptor located within a cell. | 11 |
| GO:0009755 | hormone-mediated signaling pathway | A series of molecular signals mediated by the detection of a hormone. | 11 |
| GO:0048013 | ephrin receptor signaling pathway | The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an ephrin receptor binding to an ephrin. | 11 |
| GO:0043491 | protein kinase B signaling cascade | A series of reactions, mediated by the intracellular serine/threonine kinase protein kinase B, which occurs as a result of a single trigger reaction or compound. | 11 |
| GO:0000750 | pheromone-dependent signal transduction involved in conjugation with cellular fusion | A signal transduction process resulting in the relay, amplification or dampening of a signal generated in response to pheromone exposure in organisms that undergo conjugation with cellular fusion. An example of this process is found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. | 11 |
| GO:0071883 | activation of MAPK activity by adrenergic receptor signaling pathway | The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an adrenergic receptor binding to its physiological ligand, followed by the activation of a MAP kinase. | 11 |
| GO:0007214 | gamma-aminobutyric acid signaling pathway | The series of molecular signals generated by the binding of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA, 4-aminobutyrate), an amino acid which acts as a neurotransmitter in some organisms, to a cell surface receptor. | 11 |
| GO:0007212 | dopamine receptor signaling pathway | The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a dopamine receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands. | 11 |
| GO:0035625 | epidermal growth factor-activated receptor transactivation by G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway | The process in which an epidermal growth factor-activated receptor is activated via signaling events from a G-protein coupled receptor. This is an example of cross-talk between the EGF and GPCR signaling pathways. | 11 |
| GO:0030521 | androgen receptor signaling pathway | Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an androgen binding to its receptor. | 11 |
| GO:0007217 | tachykinin receptor signaling pathway | The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a tachykinin, i.e. a short peptide with the terminal sequence (Phe-X-Gly-Leu-Met-NH2), binding to a cell surface receptor. | 11 |
| GO:0016056 | rhodopsin mediated signaling pathway | The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of excitation of rhodopsin by a photon and the events that convert the absorbed photons into a cellular response. | 11 |
| GO:0014065 | phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase cascade | A series of reactions, mediated by the intracellular phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K). PI3K cascades lie downstream of many cell surface receptor linked signaling pathways and regulate numerous cellular functions. | 11 |
| GO:0030579 | ubiquitin-dependent SMAD protein catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of SMAD signaling proteins by ubiquitination and targeting to the proteasome. | 11 |
| GO:0031663 | lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway | A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to a receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. Lipopolysaccharides are major components of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, making them prime targets for recognition by the immune system. | 11 |
| GO:0044332 | Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in dorsal/ventral axis specification | The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell contributing to the establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the dorsal/ventral axis. | 10 |
| GO:0007213 | G-protein coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway | Any series of molecular signals initiated by an acetylcholine receptor on the surface of the target cell binding to one of its physiological ligands, and proceeding with the activated receptor promoting the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha-subunit of an associated heterotrimeric G-protein complex. The GTP-bound activated alpha-G-protein then dissociates from the beta- and gamma-subunits to further transmit the signal within the cell. The pathway begins with receptor-ligand interaction and ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. | 10 |
| GO:0007169 | transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase signaling pathway | A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where the receptor possesses tyrosine kinase activity, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. | 10 |
| GO:0050847 | progesterone receptor signaling pathway | Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a progesterone binding to its receptor. | 10 |
| GO:0042771 | intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage by p53 class mediator | A series of molecular signals in which an intracellular signal is conveyed to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway is induced by the cell cycle regulator phosphoprotein p53, or an equivalent protein, in response to the detection of DNA damage, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered. | 10 |
| GO:0001973 | adenosine receptor signaling pathway | The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a receptor binding to extracellular adenosine and transmitting the signal to a heterotrimeric G-protein complex to initiate a change in cell activity. | 10 |
| GO:0007168 | receptor guanylyl cyclase signaling pathway | A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where the receptor possesses guanylyl cyclase activity, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. | 9 |
| GO:0016601 | Rac protein signal transduction | A series of molecular signals within the cell that are mediated by a member of the Rac family of proteins switching to a GTP-bound active state. | 8 |
| GO:0048010 | vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway | Any series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) located on the surface of the receiving cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. | 8 |
| GO:0000160 | phosphorelay signal transduction system | A conserved series of molecular signals found in prokaryotes and eukaryotes; involves autophosphorylation of a histidine kinase and the transfer of the phosphate group to an aspartate that then acts as a phospho-donor to response regulator proteins. | 8 |
| GO:0003136 | negative regulation of heart induction by canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway | Any canonical Wnt receptor signaling that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of heart induction. | 8 |
| GO:0009785 | blue light signaling pathway | The series of molecular signals initiated upon sensing of blue light by photoreceptor molecule, at a wavelength between 400nm and 470nm. | 8 |
| GO:0038003 | opioid receptor signaling pathway | The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an opioid receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands. | 8 |
| GO:0042921 | glucocorticoid receptor signaling pathway | Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a glucocorticoid binding to its receptor. | 7 |
| GO:0016062 | adaptation of rhodopsin mediated signaling | The process in which a rhodopsin-mediated signaling pathway is adjusted to modulate the sensitivity and response of a visual system to light stimuli (that might vary over more than 6 magnitudes in intensity) without response saturation. | 7 |
| GO:0038031 | non-canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway via JNK cascade | The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, where the signal is passed on via the JNK cascade. | 7 |
| GO:0007216 | G-protein coupled glutamate receptor signaling pathway | A series of molecular signals initiated by glutamate binding to a glutamate receptor on the surface of the target cell, and proceeding with the activated receptor promoting the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha-subunit of an associated heterotrimeric G-protein complex. Ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. | 7 |
| GO:0007178 | transmembrane receptor protein serine/threonine kinase signaling pathway | A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where the receptor possesses serine/threonine kinase activity, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. | 7 |
| GO:0035584 | calcium-mediated signaling using intracellular calcium source | A series of molecular signals in which a cell uses calcium ions released from an intracellular store to convert a signal into a response. | 7 |
| GO:0060389 | pathway-restricted SMAD protein phosphorylation | The process of introducing a phosphate group on to a pathway restricted SMAD protein. A pathway restricted SMAD protein is an effector protein that acts directly downstream of the transforming growth factor family receptor. | 7 |
| GO:0007183 | SMAD protein complex assembly | The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a protein complex that contains SMAD proteins. | 7 |
| GO:0009740 | gibberellic acid mediated signaling pathway | A series of molecular signals mediated by the detection of gibberellic acid. | 7 |
| GO:0009742 | brassinosteroid mediated signaling pathway | A series of molecular signals mediated by the detection of brassinosteroid. | 7 |
| GO:0043401 | steroid hormone mediated signaling pathway | A series of molecular signals mediated by a steroid hormone binding to a receptor. | 7 |
| GO:0007252 | I-kappaB phosphorylation | The process of introducing a phosphate group into an inhibitor of kappa B (I-kappaB) protein. Phosphorylation of I-kappaB targets I-kappaB for ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation, thus releasing bound NF-kappaB dimers, which can translocate to the nucleus to bind DNA and regulate transcription. | 7 |
| GO:0007603 | phototransduction, visible light | The sequence of reactions within a cell required to convert absorbed photons from visible light into a molecular signal. A visible light stimulus is electromagnetic radiation that can be perceived visually by an organism; for organisms lacking a visual system, this can be defined as light with a wavelength within the range 380 to 780 nm. | 7 |
| GO:0035357 | peroxisome proliferator activated receptor signaling pathway | The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a ligand to any of the peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (alpha, beta or gamma) in the nuclear membrane, and ending with the initiation or termination of the transcription of target genes. | 7 |
| GO:0019932 | second-messenger-mediated signaling | Any intracellular signal transduction in which the signal is passed on within the cell via a second messenger; a small molecule or ion that can be quickly generated or released from intracellular stores, and can diffuse within the cell. Second-messenger signaling includes production or release of the second messenger, and effectors downstream of the second messenger that further transmit the signal within the cell. | 7 |
| GO:0007196 | adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G-protein coupled glutamate receptor signaling pathway | The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a G-protein coupled glutamate receptor binding to its physiological ligand, where the pathway proceeds with inhibition of adenylyl cyclase and a subsequent decrease in the concentration of cyclic AMP (cAMP). | 7 |
| GO:0010881 | regulation of cardiac muscle contraction by regulation of the release of sequestered calcium ion | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle contraction via the regulation of the release of sequestered calcium ion by sarcoplasmic reticulum into cytosol. The sarcoplasmic reticulum is the endoplasmic reticulum of striated muscle, specialised for the sequestration of calcium ions that are released upon receipt of a signal relayed by the T tubules from the neuromuscular junction. | 7 |
| GO:0008627 | intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to osmotic stress | A series of molecular signals in which an intracellular signal is conveyed to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway is induced in response to changes in intracellular ion homeostasis, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered. | 6 |
| GO:0060069 | Wnt receptor signaling pathway, regulating spindle positioning | The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell and ending with the positioning of the mitotic spindle. | 6 |
| GO:0001836 | release of cytochrome c from mitochondria | The process that results in the movement of cytochrome c from the mitochondrial intermembrane space into the cytosol, which is part of the apoptotic signaling pathway and leads to caspase activation. | 6 |
| GO:0060396 | growth hormone receptor signaling pathway | The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of growth hormone receptor binding to its physiological ligand. | 6 |
| GO:0007195 | adenylate cyclase-inhibiting dopamine receptor signaling pathway | The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a dopamine receptor binding to its physiological ligand, where the pathway proceeds with inhibition of adenylyl cyclase and a subsequent decrease in the concentration of cyclic AMP (cAMP). | 6 |
| GO:0038092 | nodal signaling pathway | A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a nodal protein to an activin receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. | 6 |
| GO:2000286 | receptor internalization involved in canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway | A receptor internalization process that contributes to canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway. | 6 |
| GO:0007182 | common-partner SMAD protein phosphorylation | The process of introducing a phosphate group on to a common-partner SMAD protein. A common partner SMAD protein binds to pathway-restricted SMAD proteins forming a complex that translocates to the nucleus. | 6 |
| GO:0009734 | auxin mediated signaling pathway | The series of molecular signals generated in response to detection of auxin. | 6 |
| GO:0070498 | interleukin-1-mediated signaling pathway | A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of interleukin-1 to a receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. | 6 |
| GO:0019934 | cGMP-mediated signaling | Any intracellular signal transduction in which the signal is passed on within the cell via cyclic GMP (cGMP). Includes production of cGMP, and downstream effectors that further transmit the signal within the cell. | 6 |
| GO:0045500 | sevenless signaling pathway | A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to sevenless (sev; a receptor tyrosine kinase) on the surface of a target cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. | 6 |
| GO:0042699 | follicle-stimulating hormone signaling pathway | The series of molecular signals mediated by follicle-stimulating hormone. | 6 |
| GO:0010255 | glucose mediated signaling pathway | The process in which a change in the level of mono- and disaccharide glucose trigger the expression of genes controlling metabolic and developmental processes. | 5 |
| GO:0030518 | intracellular steroid hormone receptor signaling pathway | A series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a intracellular steroid hormone receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands. | 5 |
| GO:0009873 | ethylene mediated signaling pathway | A series of molecular signals mediated by ethylene (ethene). | 5 |
| GO:0070423 | nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing signaling pathway | Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of binding to a nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing (NOD) protein. | 5 |
| GO:0008631 | intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to oxidative stress | A series of molecular signals in which an intracellular signal is conveyed to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway is induced in response to oxidative stress, a state often resulting from exposure to high levels of reactive oxygen species, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered. | 5 |
| GO:0009585 | red, far-red light phototransduction | The sequence of reactions within a cell required to convert absorbed photons from red or far-red light into a molecular signal; the red, far-red light range is defined as having a wavelength within the range 660-730 nm. | 5 |
| GO:0060158 | phospholipase C-activating dopamine receptor signaling pathway | The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a dopamine receptor binding to its physiological ligand, where the pathway proceeds with activation of phospholipase C (PLC) and a subsequent release of inositol trisphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG). | 5 |
| GO:0060397 | JAK-STAT cascade involved in growth hormone signaling pathway | The process in which STAT proteins (Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription) are activated by members of the JAK (janus activated kinase) family of tyrosine kinases, following the binding of physiological ligands to the growth hormone receptor. Once activated, STATs dimerize and translocate to the nucleus and modulate the expression of target genes. | 5 |
| GO:0007199 | G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway coupled to cGMP nucleotide second messenger | The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a G-protein coupled receptor binding to its physiological ligand, followed by activation of guanylyl cyclase (GC) activity and a subsequent increase in the concentration of cyclic GMP (cGMP). | 5 |
| GO:0007223 | Wnt receptor signaling pathway, calcium modulating pathway | The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where activated receptors leads to an increase in intracellular calcium and activation of protein kinase C (PKC). | 5 |
| GO:0007167 | enzyme linked receptor protein signaling pathway | Any series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to a receptor on the surface of the target cell, where the receptor possesses catalytic activity or is closely associated with an enzyme such as a protein kinase, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. | 5 |
| GO:0072332 | intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway by p53 class mediator | A series of molecular signals in which an intracellular signal is conveyed to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway is induced by the cell cycle regulator phosphoprotein p53, or an equivalent protein, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered. | 5 |
| GO:0008630 | intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage | A series of molecular signals in which an intracellular signal is conveyed to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway is induced by the detection of DNA damage, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered. | 4 |
| GO:0030520 | intracellular estrogen receptor signaling pathway | Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an intracellular estrogen receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands. The pathway begins with receptor-ligand binding, and ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process (e.g. transcription). | 4 |
| GO:0060333 | interferon-gamma-mediated signaling pathway | A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of interferon-gamma to a receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. | 4 |
| GO:0007256 | activation of JNKK activity | The initiation of the activity of the inactive enzyme JUN kinase kinase (JNKK) activity. JNKKs are involved in a signaling pathway that is primarily activated by cytokines and exposure to environmental stress. | 4 |
| GO:0048008 | platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling pathway | The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a platelet-derived growth factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands. | 4 |
| GO:0032488 | Cdc42 protein signal transduction | A series of molecular signals within the cell that are mediated by the Cdc42 protein switching to a GTP-bound active state. | 4 |
| GO:0007250 | activation of NF-kappaB-inducing kinase activity | The stimulation of the activity of NF-kappaB-inducing kinase through phosphorylation at specific residues. | 4 |
| GO:0038027 | apolipoprotein A-I-mediated signaling pathway | A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of apolipoprotein A-I to a receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. | 4 |
| GO:0002764 | immune response-regulating signaling pathway | The cascade of processes by which a signal interacts with a receptor, causing a change in the level or activity of a second messenger or other downstream target, and ultimately leading to the activation, perpetuation, or inhibition of an immune response. | 4 |
| GO:0007249 | I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB cascade | The process in which a signal is passed on to downstream components within the cell through the I-kappaB-kinase (IKK)-dependent activation of NF-kappaB. The cascade begins with activation of a trimeric IKK complex (consisting of catalytic kinase subunits IKKalpha and/or IKKbeta, and the regulatory scaffold protein NEMO) and ends with the regulation of transcription of target genes by NF-kappaB. In a resting state, NF-kappaB dimers are bound to I-kappaB proteins, sequestering NF-kappaB in the cytoplasm. Phosphorylation of I-kappaB targets I-kappaB for ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation, thus releasing the NF-kappaB dimers, which can translocate to the nucleus to bind DNA and regulate transcription. | 4 |
| GO:0038030 | non-canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway via MAPK cascade | The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, where the signal is passed on via the MAPKKK cascade. | 4 |
| GO:0008377 | light-induced release of internally sequestered calcium ion | The process in which the detection of light triggers the release of internally sequestered calcium ions. | 4 |
| GO:0007263 | nitric oxide mediated signal transduction | Any intracellular signal transduction in which the signal is passed on within the cell via nitric oxide (NO). Includes synthesis of nitric oxide, receptors/sensors for nitric oxide (such as soluble guanylyl cyclase/sGC) and downstream effectors that further transmit the signal within the cell. Nitric oxide transmits its downstream effects through either cyclic GMP (cGMP)-dependent or independent mechanisms. | 4 |
| GO:0007259 | JAK-STAT cascade | Any process in which STAT proteins (Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription) and JAK (Janus Activated Kinase) proteins convey a signal to trigger a change in the activity or state of a cell. The JAK-STAT cascade begins with activation of STAT proteins by members of the JAK family of tyrosine kinases, proceeds through dimerization and subsequent nuclear translocation of STAT proteins, and ends with regulation of target gene expression by STAT proteins. | 4 |
| GO:0044340 | canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in regulation of cell proliferation | The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes that contributes to modulating the rate or frequency of cell proliferation. | 4 |
| GO:0032482 | Rab protein signal transduction | A series of molecular signals within the cell that are mediated by a member of the Rab family of proteins switching to a GTP-bound active state. | 4 |
| GO:0048016 | inositol phosphate-mediated signaling | Any intracellular signal transduction in which the signal is passed on within the cell via an inositol phosphate. Includes production of the inositol phosphate, and downstream effectors that further transmit the signal within the cell. Inositol phosphates are a group of mono- to poly-phosphorylated inositols, and include inositol monophosphate (IP), inositol trisphosphate (IP3), inositol pentakisphosphate (IP5) and inositol hexaphosphate (IP6). | 4 |
| GO:0007184 | SMAD protein import into nucleus | The directed movement of a SMAD proteins from the cytoplasm into the nucleus. Pathway-restricted SMAD proteins and common-partner SMAD proteins are involved in the transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathways. | 4 |
| GO:0008101 | decapentaplegic signaling pathway | A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of decapentaplegic (dpp) to a receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. | 4 |
| GO:0032924 | activin receptor signaling pathway | A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to an activin receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. | 4 |
| GO:0090179 | planar cell polarity pathway involved in neural tube closure | The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where activated receptors signal via downstream effectors that modulates the establishment of planar polarity contributing to neural tube closure. | 4 |
| GO:0044339 | canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in osteoblast differentiation | The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes involved in osteoblast differentiation. | 3 |
| GO:0009870 | defense response signaling pathway, resistance gene-dependent | A series of molecular signals that depends upon R-genes and is activated during defense response. | 3 |
| GO:0006984 | ER-nucleus signaling pathway | Any series of molecular signals that conveys information from the endoplasmic reticulum to the nucleus, usually resulting in a change in transcriptional regulation. | 3 |
| GO:0010204 | defense response signaling pathway, resistance gene-independent | A series of molecular signals that is activated during defense response and does not depend upon R-genes. | 3 |
| GO:0031098 | stress-activated protein kinase signaling cascade | A series of molecular signals in which a stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK) cascade relays one or more of the signals. | 3 |
| GO:0007228 | positive regulation of hh target transcription factor activity | Any process that increases the activity of a transcription factor that activates transcription of Hedgehog-target genes in response to Smoothened signaling. In Drosophila, Cubitus interruptus (Ci) is the only identified transcription factor so far in the Hedgehog signaling pathway. In vertebrates, members of the Gli protein family are activated in this way. Activation of the Gli/Ci transcription factor is distinct from its stabilization, when proteolytic cleavage is inhibited. | 3 |
| GO:0044338 | canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in mesenchymal stem cell differentiation | The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes involved in mesenchymal stem cell differentiation. | 3 |
| GO:0061353 | BMP signaling pathway involved in Malpighian tubule cell chemotaxis | A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a member of the BMP (bone morphogenetic protein) family to a receptor on the surface of a target cell, which contributes to the directed movement of a Malpighian tubule cell toward a stimulus, thereby contributing to the shaping of the tubule. | 3 |
| GO:0035722 | interleukin-12-mediated signaling pathway | A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of interleukin-12 to a receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. | 3 |
| GO:0035659 | Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in wound healing, spreading of epidermal cells | The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of a cell in the epidermis that contributes to the migration of an epidermal cell along or through a wound gap to reestablish a continuous epidermis. | 3 |
| GO:0035567 | non-canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway | The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via effectors other than beta-catenin. | 3 |
| GO:0061317 | canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in cardiac muscle cell fate commitment | The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes. In this pathway, the activated receptor signals via downstream effectors that result in the inhibition of beta-catenin phosphorylation, thereby preventing degradation of beta-catenin and contributing to cardiac muscle cell fate commitment. Stabilized beta-catenin can then accumulate and travel to the nucleus to trigger changes in transcription of target genes. | 3 |
| GO:0072462 | signal transduction involved in meiotic recombination checkpoint | A signal transduction process that contributes to a meiotic recombination checkpoint. | 3 |
| GO:0002757 | immune response-activating signal transduction | The cascade of processes by which a signal interacts with a receptor, causing a change in the level or activity of a second messenger or other downstream target, and ultimately leading to activation or perpetuation of an immune response. | 3 |
| GO:0007181 | transforming growth factor beta receptor complex assembly | The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a ligand-bound type II transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) receptor dimer with a type I TGF-beta receptor dimer, following ligand binding, to form a heterotetrameric TGF-beta receptor complex. | 3 |
| GO:0035723 | interleukin-15-mediated signaling pathway | A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of interleukin-15 to a receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. | 3 |
| GO:0000189 | MAPK import into nucleus | The directed movement of a MAP kinase to the nucleus upon activation. | 3 |
| GO:0035626 | juvenile hormone mediated signaling pathway | A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of juvenile hormone to a receptor, and ending with regulation of cell state or activity. | 2 |
| GO:2000305 | semaphorin-plexin signaling pathway involved in regulation of photoreceptor cell axon guidance | Any semaphorin-plexin signaling pathway that is involved in regulation of photoreceptor cell axon guidance. | 2 |
| GO:0034154 | toll-like receptor 7 signaling pathway | Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of binding to toll-like receptor 7. | 2 |
| GO:0002224 | toll-like receptor signaling pathway | Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of binding to a toll-like receptor. Toll-like receptors directly bind pattern motifs from a variety of microbial sources to initiate innate immune response. | 2 |
| GO:0034146 | toll-like receptor 5 signaling pathway | Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of binding to toll-like receptor 5. | 2 |
| GO:0090080 | positive regulation of MAPKKK cascade by fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway | The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a fibroblast growth factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands resulting in an increase in the rate or frequency of a MAPKKK cascade. | 2 |
| GO:0038063 | collagen-activated tyrosine kinase receptor signaling pathway | A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of collagen to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where the receptor possesses tyrosine kinase activity. The pathway ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. | 2 |
| GO:0038091 | positive regulation of cell proliferation by VEGF-activated platelet derived growth factor receptor signaling pathway | A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) to a platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) on the surface of a cell, which activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation. | 2 |
| GO:0071882 | phospholipase C-activating adrenergic receptor signaling pathway | The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an adrenergic receptor binding to its physiological ligand, where the pathway proceeds with activation of phospholipase C (PLC) and a subsequent release of inositol trisphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG). | 2 |
| GO:0050851 | antigen receptor-mediated signaling pathway | A series of molecular signals initiated by the cross-linking of an antigen receptor on a B or T cell. | 2 |
| GO:0010619 | adenylate cyclase-activating glucose-activated G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway | The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of glucose binding to a G-protein coupled receptor, where the pathway proceeds with activation of adenylyl cyclase and a subsequent increase in the concentration of cyclic AMP (cAMP). | 2 |
| GO:0061314 | Notch signaling involved in heart development | The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of an extracellular ligand to a Notch receptor on the surface of the target cell and contributing to the progression of the heart over time. | 2 |
| GO:0035860 | glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor receptor signaling pathway | The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands. | 2 |
| GO:0007221 | positive regulation of transcription of Notch receptor target | The activation of transcription of specific genes as a result of Notch signaling, mediated by the Notch intracellular domain. | 2 |
| GO:0042700 | luteinizing hormone signaling pathway | The series of molecular signals mediated by luteinizing hormone. | 2 |
| GO:0035607 | fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in orbitofrontal cortex development | The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a fibroblast growth factor-type receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands, which contributes to the progression of the orbitofrontal cortex over time from its initial formation until its mature state. | 2 |
| GO:0035103 | sterol regulatory element binding protein cleavage | The proteolytic release of a transcriptionally active sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP) from intracellular membranes, freeing it to move to the nucleus to upregulate transcription of target genes, in response to altered levels of one or more lipids. | 2 |
| GO:0003130 | BMP signaling pathway involved in heart induction | A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a member of the BMP (bone morphogenetic protein) family to a receptor on the surface of a target cell, which contributes to heart induction. | 2 |
| GO:0007205 | protein kinase C-activating G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway | The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a G-protein coupled receptor binding to its physiological ligand, where the pathway proceeds with activation of protein kinase C (PKC). PKC is activated by second messengers including diacylglycerol (DAG). | 2 |
| GO:0035682 | toll-like receptor 21 signaling pathway | Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of binding to toll-like receptor 21. | 2 |
| GO:0035076 | ecdysone receptor-mediated signaling pathway | The series of molecular signals generated by ecdysone binding to the ecdysone receptor complex. | 2 |
| GO:0035419 | activation of MAPK activity involved in innate immune response | Any process that initiates the activity of the inactive enzyme MAP kinase in the context of an innate immune response, a defense response mediated by germline encoded components that directly recognize components of potential pathogens. | 2 |
| GO:0060337 | type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway | A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a type I interferon binding to a receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. Type I interferons include the interferon-alpha, beta, delta, episilon, zeta, kappa, tau, and omega gene families. | 2 |
| GO:0038033 | positive regulation of endothelial cell chemotaxis by VEGF-activated vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway | A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) to a VEGFR on the surface of a cell, which activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell chemotaxis. | 2 |
| GO:0007258 | JUN phosphorylation | The process of introducing a phosphate group into a JUN protein. | 2 |
| GO:0060803 | BMP signaling pathway involved in mesodermal cell fate specification | A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a member of the BMP (bone morphogenetic protein) family to a receptor on the surface of a target cell, which contributes to a cell becoming specified to adopt a mesodermal fate. | 2 |
| GO:0071881 | adenylate cyclase-inhibiting adrenergic receptor signaling pathway | The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an adrenergic receptor binding to its physiological ligand, where the pathway proceeds with inhibition of adenylyl cyclase and a subsequent decrease in the concentration of cyclic AMP (cAMP). | 2 |
| GO:0007262 | STAT protein import into nucleus | The directed movement of dimerized STAT (Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription) proteins into the nucleus following activation by members of the janus activated kinase (JAK) family of tyrosine kinases. | 2 |
| GO:0007231 | osmosensory signaling pathway | The series of molecular signals initiated in response to osmotic change. | 2 |
| GO:0038127 | ERBB signaling pathway | A series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a ligand to a member of the ERBB family of receptor tyrosine kinases on the surface of a cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. | 2 |
| GO:0032933 | SREBP signaling pathway | A series of molecular signals from the endoplasmic reticulum to the nucleus generated as a consequence of decreased levels of one or more sterols (and in some yeast, changes in oxygen levels) and which proceeds through activation of a sterol response element binding transcription factor (SREBP) to result in up-regulation of target gene transcription. | 2 |
| GO:0035681 | toll-like receptor 15 signaling pathway | Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of binding to toll-like receptor 15. | 2 |
| GO:0030330 | DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator | A cascade of processes induced by the cell cycle regulator phosphoprotein p53, or an equivalent protein, in response to the detection of DNA damage. | 2 |
| GO:0038061 | NIK/NF-kappaB cascade | The process in which a signal is passed on to downstream components within the cell through the NIK-dependent processing and activation of NF-KappaB. The cascade begins with activation of the NF-KappaB-inducing kinase (NIK), which in turn phosphorylates and activates IkappaB kinase alpha (IKKalpha). IKKalpha phosphorylates the NF-Kappa B2 protein (p100) leading to p100 processing and release of an active NF-KappaB (p52). | 2 |
| GO:0035872 | nucleotide-binding domain, leucine rich repeat containing receptor signaling pathway | A series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a nucleotide-binding domain, leucine rich repeat containing receptor (NLR) binding to one of its physiological ligands. NLRs are cytoplasmic receptors defined by their tripartite domain architecture that contains: a variable C-terminus, a middle nucleotide-binding domain, and a LRR domain that is variable in the repeats composition and number. The NLR signaling pathway begins with binding of a ligand to a NLR receptor and ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process. | 2 |
| GO:0033173 | calcineurin-NFAT signaling cascade | Any intracellular signal transduction in which the signal is passed on within the by activation of a member of the NFAT protein family as a consequence of NFAT dephosphorylation by Ca(2+)-activated calcineurin. The cascade begins with calcium-dependent activation of the phosphatase calcineurin. Calcineurin dephosphorylates multiple phosphoserine residues on NFAT, resulting in the translocation of NFAT to the nucleus. The cascade ends with regulation of transcription by NFAT. The calcineurin-NFAT cascade lies downstream of many cell surface receptors, including G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) and receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) that signal to mobilize calcium ions (Ca2+). | 2 |
| GO:0009862 | systemic acquired resistance, salicylic acid mediated signaling pathway | The series of molecular signals mediated by salicylic acid involved in systemic acquired resistance. | 2 |
| GO:0007208 | phospholipase C-activating serotonin receptor signaling pathway | The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a serotonin receptor binding to its physiological ligand, where the pathway proceeds with activation of phospholipase C (PLC) and a subsequent release of inositol trisphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG). | 2 |
| GO:0001789 | G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway, coupled to S1P second messenger | The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an adrenergic receptor binding to its physiological ligand, where the pathway proceeds with activation of sphingosine kinase and a subsequent increase in cellular levels of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P). | 1 |
| GO:0007215 | glutamate receptor signaling pathway | A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of glutamate to a glutamate receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. | 1 |
| GO:0008588 | release of cytoplasmic sequestered NF-kappaB | The release of NF-kappaB from specific molecules in the cytoplasm to which it was bound, thereby allowing its translocation into the nucleus. | 1 |
| GO:0033211 | adiponectin-mediated signaling pathway | A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of adiponectin to a receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. | 1 |
| GO:0042506 | tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat5 protein | The process of introducing a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a Stat5 protein. | 1 |
| GO:0007187 | G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger | The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a G-protein coupled receptor binding to its physiological ligand, where the pathway proceeds with activation or inhibition of a nucleotide cyclase activity and a subsequent change in the concentration of a cyclic nucleotide. | 1 |
| GO:0038026 | reelin-mediated signaling pathway | A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of reelin (a secreted glycoprotein) to a receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. | 1 |
| GO:0038028 | insulin receptor signaling pathway via phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase cascade | The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of the insulin receptor binding to its physiological ligand, where the signal is passed on via the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase cascade. | 1 |
| GO:0097411 | hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha signaling pathway | A series of molecular signals mediated by hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF1) in response to lowered oxygen levels (hypoxia). Under hypoxic conditions, the oxygen-sensitive alpha-subunit of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1 dimerizes with a HIF1-beta subunit (also called ARNT or aryl-hydrocarbon-receptor nuclear translocator), translocates to the nucleus and activates transcription of genes whose products participate in responding to hypoxia. | 1 |
| GO:0010476 | gibberellin mediated signaling pathway | The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of gibberellin stimulus. | 1 |
| GO:0086094 | positive regulation of ryanodine-sensitive calcium-release channel activity by adrenergic receptor signaling pathway involved in positive regulation of cardiac muscle contraction | An adrenergic receptor signaling pathway that contributes to an increase in frequency or rate of cardiac muscle contraction through phosphorylation and enhancement of the ryanodine receptor, a calcium-activated calcium-release channel found in the membrane of the sarcoplasmic reticulum. An adrenergic receptor-activated adenylate cyclase generates cAMP. cAMP then activates the cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA), which phosphorylates the ryanodine receptor (RyR). PKA-phosphorylation of RyR enhances channel activity by sensitizing the channel to cytosolic calcium. Cytosolic calcium stimulates contractile proteins to promote muscle contraction. | 1 |
| GO:0048017 | inositol lipid-mediated signaling | A series of molecular signals in which a cell uses an inositol-containing lipid to convert a signal into a response. Inositol lipids include the phosphoinositides (phosphatidylinositol and its phosphorylated derivatives), ceramides containing inositol, and inositol glycolipids. | 1 |
| GO:0035385 | Roundabout signaling pathway | A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a SLIT protein to a Roundabout (ROBO) family receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. | 1 |
| GO:0038084 | vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway | A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) to a receptor on the surface of the target cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. | 1 |
| GO:0061324 | canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in positive regulation of cardiac outflow tract cell proliferation | The canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway that contributes to the modulation of the expansion of a population of cardiac outflow tract cells. | 1 |
| GO:0044337 | canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in positive regulation of apoptotic process | The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes involved in the positive regulation of apoptotic process. | 1 |
| GO:0008625 | extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway via death domain receptors | A series of molecular signals in which a signal is conveyed from the cell surface to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway starts with a ligand binding to a death domain receptor on the cell surface, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered. | 1 |
| GO:0038089 | positive regulation of cell migration by vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway | A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) to a receptor on the surface of a cell, which activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the orderly movement of a cell from one site to another. | 1 |
| GO:0048014 | Tie signaling pathway | The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a Tie protein (a receptor) binding to one of its physiological ligands (an angiopoietin). | 1 |
| GO:0044336 | canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in negative regulation of apoptotic process | The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes involved in the negative regulation of apoptotic process. | 1 |
| GO:0044334 | canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in positive regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition | The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes involved in the positive regulation of epithelial cell to mesenchymal cell transition. | 1 |
| GO:0038093 | Fc receptor signaling pathway | A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of the Fc portion of an immunoglobulin to an Fc receptor on the surface of a signal-receiving cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. The Fc portion of an immunoglobulin is its C-terminal constant region. | 1 |
| GO:0042503 | tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat3 protein | The process of introducing a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a Stat3 protein. | 1 |
| GO:0061312 | BMP signaling pathway involved in heart development | A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a member of the BMP (bone morphogenetic protein) family to a receptor on the surface of a target cell, which contributes to the progression of the heart over time. | 1 |
| GO:0007185 | transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase signaling pathway | A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where the receptor possesses protein tyrosine phosphatase activity, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. | 1 |
| GO:0007197 | adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G-protein coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway | The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a G-protein coupled acetylcholine receptor binding to its physiological ligand, where the pathway proceeds with inhibition of adenylyl cyclase and a subsequent decrease in the concentration of cyclic AMP (cAMP). | 1 |
| GO:0021938 | smoothened signaling pathway involved in regulation of cerebellar granule cell precursor cell proliferation | The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of activation of the transmembrane protein Smoothened in cerebellar granule cells that contributes to the regulation of proliferation of the cells. | 1 |
| GO:0023041 | neuronal signal transduction | The process in which an activated neuronal cell receptor conveys information down a signaling pathway, resulting in a change in the function or state of a cell. This process may be intracellular or intercellular. | 1 |
| GO:0038109 | Kit signaling pathway | A series of molecular signals that starts with the binding of stem cell factor to the tyrosine kinase receptor KIT on the surface of a cell, and ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. Stem cell factor (KIT ligand) binding to the receptor Kit mediates receptor dimerization, activation of its intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity and autophosphorylation. The activated receptor then phosphorylates various substrates, thereby activating distinct signaling cascades within the cell that trigger a change in state or activity of the cell. | 1 |
| GO:0061290 | canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in metanephric kidney development | The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes that contribute to the progression of the metanephric kidney over time. In this pathway, the activated receptor signals via downstream effectors that result in the inhibition of beta-catenin phosphorylation, thereby preventing degradation of beta-catenin. Stabilized beta-catenin can then accumulate and travel to the nucleus to trigger changes in transcription of target genes. | 1 |
| GO:0010882 | regulation of cardiac muscle contraction by calcium ion signaling | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle contraction by changing the calcium ion signals that trigger contraction. | 1 |
| GO:0001402 | signal transduction involved in filamentous growth | Relaying of environmental signals promoting filamentous growth. | 1 |
| GO:0009868 | jasmonic acid and ethylene-dependent systemic resistance, jasmonic acid mediated signaling pathway | The series of molecular signals mediated by jasmonic acid involved in jasmonic acid/ethylene (ethene) dependent systemic resistance. | 1 |
| GO:0007207 | phospholipase C-activating G-protein coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway | The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a G-protein coupled acetylcholine receptor binding to its physiological ligand, where the pathway proceeds with activation of phospholipase C (PLC) and a subsequent release of inositol trisphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG). | 1 |
| GO:0003306 | Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in heart development | The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell, resulting a change in cell state that contributes to the progression of the heart over time. | 1 |
| GO:0060831 | smoothened signaling pathway involved in dorsal/ventral neural tube patterning | The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of activation of the transmembrane protein Smoothened contributing to the dorsal/ventral pattern of the neural tube. | 1 |
| GO:0060783 | mesenchymal smoothened signaling pathway involved in prostate gland development | The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of activation of the transmembrane Smoothened-type protein in the mesenchymal cells of the prostate that contribute to the progression of the prostate over time. This process contributes to lung development. | 1 |
| GO:0071927 | octopamine signaling pathway | The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of octopamine binding to a cell surface receptor. | 1 |
| GO:0007211 | octopamine or tyramine signaling pathway | The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of octopamine or tyramine binding to a cell surface receptor. Octopamine and tyramine are decarboxylation products of tyrosine, and are the invertebrate counterparts of the vertebrate adrenergic transmitters. | 1 |
| GO:0070493 | thrombin receptor signaling pathway | The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a thrombin receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands. | 1 |
| GO:0036323 | vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 signaling pathway | Any series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 (VEGFR-1) located on the surface of the receiving cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. | 1 |