| GOID Link to GO |
Functional Category | Description | Protein Count link to protein list |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0006898 | receptor-mediated endocytosis | An endocytosis process in which cell surface receptors ensure specificity of transport. A specific receptor on the cell surface binds tightly to the extracellular macromolecule (the ligand) that it recognizes; the plasma-membrane region containing the receptor-ligand complex then undergoes endocytosis, forming a transport vesicle containing the receptor-ligand complex and excluding most other plasma-membrane proteins. Receptor-mediated endocytosis generally occurs via clathrin-coated pits and vesicles. | 250 |
| GO:0044351 | macropinocytosis | An endocytosis process that results in the uptake of liquid material by cells from their external environment by the 'ruffling' of the cell membrane to form heterogeneously sized intracellular vesicles called macropinosomes, which can be up to 5 micrometers in size. | 129 |
| GO:0006911 | phagocytosis, engulfment | The internalization of bacteria, immune complexes and other particulate matter or of an apoptotic cell by phagocytosis, including the membrane and cytoskeletal processes required, which involves one of three mechanisms: zippering of pseudopods around a target via repeated receptor-ligand interactions, sinking of the target directly into plasma membrane of the phagocytosing cell, or induced uptake via an enhanced membrane ruffling of the phagocytosing cell similar to macropinocytosis. | 112 |
| GO:0006888 | ER to Golgi vesicle-mediated transport | The directed movement of substances from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the Golgi, mediated by COP II vesicles. Small COP II coated vesicles form from the ER and then fuse directly with the cis-Golgi. Larger structures are transported along microtubules to the cis-Golgi. | 68 |
| GO:0006897 | endocytosis | A vesicle-mediated transport process in which cells take up external materials or membrane constituents by the invagination of a small region of the plasma membrane to form a new membrane-bounded vesicle. | 55 |
| GO:0006909 | phagocytosis | An endocytosis process that results in the engulfment of external particulate material by phagocytes. The particles are initially contained within phagocytic vacuoles (phagosomes), which then fuse with primary lysosomes to effect digestion of the particles. | 46 |
| GO:0002576 | platelet degranulation | The regulated exocytosis of secretory granules containing preformed mediators such as histamine and serotonin by a platelet. | 45 |
| GO:0006887 | exocytosis | A process of secretion by a cell that results in the release of intracellular molecules (e.g. hormones, matrix proteins) contained within a membrane-bounded vesicle by fusion of the vesicle with the plasma membrane of a cell. This is the process in which most molecules are secreted from eukaryotic cells. | 42 |
| GO:0043652 | engulfment of apoptotic cell | The removal of the apoptotic cell by phagocytosis, by a neighboring cell or by a phagocyte. | 36 |
| GO:0006892 | post-Golgi vesicle-mediated transport | The directed movement of substances from the Golgi to other parts of the cell, including organelles and the plasma membrane, mediated by small transport vesicles. | 33 |
| GO:0042147 | retrograde transport, endosome to Golgi | The directed movement of membrane-bounded vesicles from endosomes back to the trans-Golgi network where they are recycled for further rounds of transport. | 30 |
| GO:0006890 | retrograde vesicle-mediated transport, Golgi to ER | The directed movement of substances from the Golgi back to the endoplasmic reticulum, mediated by vesicles bearing specific protein coats such as COPI or COG. | 25 |
| GO:0043001 | Golgi to plasma membrane protein transport | The directed movement of proteins from the Golgi to the plasma membrane in transport vesicles that move from the trans-Golgi network to the plasma membrane. | 25 |
| GO:0032456 | endocytic recycling | The directed movement of membrane-bounded vesicles from recycling endosomes back to the plasma membrane where they are recycled for further rounds of transport. | 25 |
| GO:0048488 | synaptic vesicle endocytosis | An endocytosis process that results in the invagination of the axonal plasma membrane to create a membrane-bounded vesicle. This process takes up excess membrane that would otherwise accumulate at the presynaptic terminal due to fusion of vesicle membranes during neurotransmitter release. The vesicles created may subsequently be used for neurotransmitter storage and release. | 24 |
| GO:0048193 | Golgi vesicle transport | The directed movement of substances into, out of or within the Golgi apparatus, mediated by vesicles. | 22 |
| GO:0016079 | synaptic vesicle exocytosis | Fusion of intracellular membrane-bounded vesicles with the pre-synaptic membrane of the neuronal cell resulting in release of neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft. | 20 |
| GO:0031623 | receptor internalization | A receptor-mediated endocytosis process that results in the movement of receptors from the plasma membrane to the inside of the cell. The process begins when cell surface receptors are monoubiquitinated following ligand-induced activation. Receptors are subsequently taken up into endocytic vesicles from where they are either targeted to the lysosome or vacuole for degradation or recycled back to the plasma membrane. | 20 |
| GO:0017156 | calcium ion-dependent exocytosis | The release of intracellular molecules (e.g. hormones, matrix proteins) contained within a membrane-bounded vesicle by fusion of the vesicle with the plasma membrane of a cell, requiring the presence of calcium ions. | 19 |
| GO:0006904 | vesicle docking involved in exocytosis | The initial attachment of a vesicle membrane to a target membrane, mediated by proteins protruding from the membrane of the vesicle and the target membrane, that contributes to exocytosis. | 18 |
| GO:0048490 | anterograde synaptic vesicle transport | The directed movement of substances in synaptic membrane-bounded vesicles within the neuron, along the cytoskeleton, away from the neuronal cell body. | 18 |
| GO:0048489 | synaptic vesicle transport | The directed movement of substances in synaptic membrane-bounded vesicles within the neuron along the cytoskeleton either toward or away from the neuronal cell body. | 17 |
| GO:0006906 | vesicle fusion | Fusion of the membrane of a transport vesicle with its target membrane. | 17 |
| GO:0048210 | Golgi vesicle fusion to target membrane | The joining of the lipid bilayer membrane around a Golgi transport vesicle to the target lipid bilayer membrane. | 16 |
| GO:0006891 | intra-Golgi vesicle-mediated transport | The directed movement of substances within the Golgi, mediated by small transport vesicles. These either fuse with the cis-Golgi or with each other to form the membrane stacks known as the cis-Golgi reticulum (network). | 14 |
| GO:0002031 | G-protein coupled receptor internalization | The process that results in the uptake of a G-protein coupled receptor into an endocytic vesicle. | 14 |
| GO:0043277 | apoptotic cell clearance | The recognition and removal of an apoptotic cell by a neighboring cell or by a phagocyte. | 12 |
| GO:0015842 | synaptic vesicle amine transport | The directed movement of amines into, out of or within synaptic vesicles. | 11 |
| GO:0034498 | early endosome to Golgi transport | The directed movement of substances from early endosomes to the Golgi. | 10 |
| GO:0016183 | synaptic vesicle coating | A protein coat is added to the synaptic vesicle to form the proper shape of the vesicle and to target the vesicle for transport to its destination. | 9 |
| GO:0048205 | COPI coating of Golgi vesicle | The addition of COPI proteins and adaptor proteins to Golgi membranes during the formation of transport vesicles, forming a vesicle coat. | 9 |
| GO:0035494 | SNARE complex disassembly | The disaggregation of the SNARE protein complex into its constituent components. The SNARE complex is a protein complex involved in membrane fusion; a stable ternary complex consisting of a four-helix bundle, usually formed from one R-SNARE and three Q-SNAREs with an ionic layer sandwiched between hydrophobic layers. | 9 |
| GO:0006903 | vesicle targeting | The process in which vesicles are directed to specific destination membranes. Targeting involves coordinated interactions among cytoskeletal elements (microtubules or actin filaments), motor proteins, molecules at the vesicle membrane and target membrane surfaces, and vesicle cargo. | 9 |
| GO:0045056 | transcytosis | The directed movement of endocytosed material through the cell and its exocytosis from the plasma membrane at the opposite side. | 8 |
| GO:0002433 | immune response-regulating cell surface receptor signaling pathway involved in phagocytosis | An immune response-regulating cell surface receptor signaling pathway that contributes to the endocytic engulfment of external particulate material by phagocytes. | 8 |
| GO:0006893 | Golgi to plasma membrane transport | The directed movement of substances from the Golgi to the plasma membrane in transport vesicles that move from the trans-Golgi network to the plasma membrane, where they fuse and release their contents by exocytosis. | 8 |
| GO:0007340 | acrosome reaction | The discharge, by sperm, of a single, anterior secretory granule following the sperm's attachment to the zona pellucida surrounding the oocyte. The process begins with the fusion of the outer acrosomal membrane with the sperm plasma membrane and ends with the exocytosis of the acrosomal contents into the egg. | 8 |
| GO:0006895 | Golgi to endosome transport | The directed movement of substances from the Golgi to early sorting endosomes. Clathrin vesicles transport substances from the trans-Golgi to endosomes. | 7 |
| GO:0048208 | COPII vesicle coating | The addition of COPII proteins and adaptor proteins to ER membranes during the formation of transport vesicles, forming a vesicle coat. | 7 |
| GO:0016188 | synaptic vesicle maturation | Steps required to form an initiated synaptic vesicle into a fully formed and transmissible synaptic vesicle. | 7 |
| GO:0048268 | clathrin coat assembly | The process that results in the assembly of clathrin triskelia into the ordered structure known as a clathrin cage. | 7 |
| GO:0035459 | cargo loading into vesicle | The formation of a protein complex between the coat proteins and proteins that are going to be transported by a vesicle. | 7 |
| GO:0048211 | Golgi vesicle docking | The initial attachment of a Golgi transport vesicle membrane to a target membrane, mediated by proteins protruding from the membrane of the Golgi vesicle and the target membrane. | 6 |
| GO:0001845 | phagolysosome assembly | The process that results in the fusion of a phagosome, a vesicle formed by phagocytosis, with a lysosome. | 6 |
| GO:0048280 | vesicle fusion with Golgi apparatus | The joining of the lipid bilayer membrane around a vesicle to the lipid bilayer membrane around the Golgi. | 6 |
| GO:2000286 | receptor internalization involved in canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway | A receptor internalization process that contributes to canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway. | 6 |
| GO:0048194 | Golgi vesicle budding | The evagination of the Golgi membrane, resulting in formation of a vesicle. | 6 |
| GO:0090385 | phagosome-lysosome fusion | The creation of a phagolysosome from a phagosome and a lysosome. | 6 |
| GO:0002553 | histamine secretion by mast cell | The regulated release of histamine by a mast cell or group of mast cells. | 5 |
| GO:0045022 | early endosome to late endosome transport | The directed movement of substances, in membrane-bounded vesicles, from the early sorting endosomes to the late sorting endosomes; transport occurs along microtubules and can be experimentally blocked with microtubule-depolymerizing drugs. | 5 |
| GO:0016081 | synaptic vesicle docking involved in exocytosis | The initial attachment of a synaptic vesicle membrane to the presynaptic membrane, mediated by proteins protruding from the membrane of the synaptic vesicle and the target membrane. | 5 |
| GO:0032510 | endosome to lysosome transport via multivesicular body sorting pathway | The directed movement of substances from endosomes to lysosomes by a pathway in which molecules are sorted into multivesicular bodies, which then fuse with the lysosome. | 5 |
| GO:0090114 | COPII-coated vesicle budding | The evagination of an endoplasmic reticulum membrane, resulting in formation of a COPII-coated vesicle. | 4 |
| GO:0006907 | pinocytosis | An endocytosis process that results in the uptake of liquid material by cells from their external environment; literally 'cell drinking'. Liquid is enclosed in vesicles, called pinosomes, formed by invagination of the plasma membrane. | 4 |
| GO:0090110 | cargo loading into COPII-coated vesicle | The formation of a protein complex between the COPII coat proteins and proteins that are going to be transported by the COPII vesicle to the Golgi. | 4 |
| GO:0060471 | cortical granule exocytosis | The process of secretion by a cell that results in the release of intracellular molecules contained within a cortical granule by fusion of the vesicle with the plasma membrane of a cell. A cortical granule is a specialized secretory vesicle that is released during egg activation that changes the surface of the egg to prevent polyspermy. | 4 |
| GO:0090386 | phagosome maturation involved in apoptotic cell clearance | A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the arrangement of constituent parts of a phagosome within a cell and contributes to apoptotic cell clearance. Phagosome maturation begins with endocytosis and formation of the early phagosome and ends with the formation of the hybrid organelle, the phagolysosome. | 3 |
| GO:0045055 | regulated secretory pathway | A process of exocytosis in which soluble proteins and other substances are initially stored in secretory vesicles for later release. It is found mainly in cells that are specialized for secreting products such as hormones, neurotransmitters, or digestive enzymes rapidly on demand. | 3 |
| GO:0006896 | Golgi to vacuole transport | The directed movement of substances from the Golgi to the vacuole. | 3 |
| GO:0048278 | vesicle docking | The initial attachment of a transport vesicle membrane to the target membrane, mediated by proteins protruding from the membrane of the vesicle and the target membrane. Docking requires only that the two membranes come close enough for these proteins to interact and adhere. | 3 |
| GO:0072584 | caveolin-mediated endocytosis | An endocytosis process that begins when material is taken up into plasma membrane caveolae, which then pinch off to form endocytic caveolar carriers. | 3 |
| GO:0035526 | retrograde transport, plasma membrane to Golgi | The directed movement of substances from the plasma membrane back to the trans-Golgi network, mediated by vesicles. | 3 |
| GO:0043299 | leukocyte degranulation | The regulated exocytosis of secretory granules by a leukocyte. | 2 |
| GO:0051469 | vesicle fusion with vacuole | The joining of the lipid bilayer membrane around a vesicle with the lipid bilayer membrane around the vacuole. | 2 |
| GO:0016080 | synaptic vesicle targeting | The process in which synaptic vesicles are directed to specific destination membranes, mediated by molecules at the vesicle membrane and target membrane surfaces. | 2 |
| GO:0090387 | phagolysosome assembly involved in apoptotic cell clearance | The process in which a phagosome, a vesicle formed by phagocytosis, fuses with a lysosome as a part of apoptotic cell clearance. | 2 |
| GO:0006900 | membrane budding | The evagination of a membrane, resulting in formation of a vesicle. | 2 |
| GO:0048227 | plasma membrane to endosome transport | Transport of a vesicle from the plasma membrane to the endosome. | 2 |
| GO:0043312 | neutrophil degranulation | The regulated exocytosis of secretory granules containing preformed mediators such as proteases, lipases, and inflammatory mediators by a neutrophil. | 2 |
| GO:0000042 | protein targeting to Golgi | The process of directing proteins towards the Golgi; usually uses signals contained within the protein. | 2 |
| GO:0031629 | synaptic vesicle fusion to presynaptic membrane | Fusion of the membrane of a synaptic vesicle with its target presynaptic membrane, thereby releasing its cargo neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft. | 2 |
| GO:0016082 | synaptic vesicle priming | The formation of SNARE-containing complexes, bringing synaptic vesicle membrane and plasma membranes into close proximity and thereby facilitating membrane fusion. | 2 |
| GO:0048219 | inter-Golgi cisterna vesicle-mediated transport | The directed movement of substances from one Golgi cisterna to another, mediated by small transport vesicles. | 2 |
| GO:0034499 | late endosome to Golgi transport | The directed movement of substances from late endosomes to the Golgi. | 1 |
| GO:0043316 | cytotoxic T cell degranulation | The regulated exocytosis of secretory granules containing preformed mediators such as perforin and granzymes by a cytotoxic T cell. | 1 |
| GO:0071985 | multivesicular body sorting pathway | A vesicle-mediated transport process in which transmembrane proteins are ubiquitylated to facilitate their entry into luminal vesicles of multivesicular bodies (MVBs); upon subsequent fusion of MVBs with lysosomes or vacuoles, the cargo proteins are degraded. | 1 |
| GO:0060478 | acrosomal vesicle exocytosis | The release of intracellular molecules contained within the acrosomal granule by fusion of the vesicle with the plasma membrane of the oocyte, requiring calcium ions. | 1 |
| GO:0090390 | phagosome acidification involved in apoptotic cell clearance | Any process that reduces the pH of the phagosome, measured by the concentration of the hydrogen ion, and occurs as a part of apoptotic cell clearance. | 1 |
| GO:0016191 | synaptic vesicle uncoating | The removal of the protein coat on a synaptic vesicle. | 1 |
| GO:0034058 | endosomal vesicle fusion | The homotypic fusion of endocytic vesicles to form or add to an early endosome. | 1 |
| GO:0016185 | synaptic vesicle budding from presynaptic membrane | Evagination of the presynaptic membrane, resulting in the formation of a new synaptic vesicle. | 1 |
| GO:0035037 | sperm entry | An endocytosis process that results in penetration of the egg shell through the micropyle (a specialized anterior opening in the vitelline envelope) and entry of the entire sperm, including the surrounding plasma membrane and the sperm tail, into the egg cytoplasm. This step in fertilization is seen in Drosophila, where a plasma membrane fusion event between the sperm and the egg does not occur. | 1 |
| GO:0043320 | natural killer cell degranulation | The regulated exocytosis of secretory granules containing preformed mediators such as perforin and granzymes by a natural killer cell. | 1 |
| GO:0072583 | clathrin-mediated endocytosis | An endocytosis process that begins when material is taken up into clathrin-coated pits, which then pinch off to form clathrin-coated endocytic vesicles. | 1 |