Go terms map to parent GO term: GO:0030154   cell differentiation
GOID
Link to GO
Functional Category Description Protein Count
link to
protein list

GO:0007411 axon guidance The chemotaxis process that directs the migration of an axon growth cone to a specific target site in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues. 214
GO:0022008 neurogenesis Generation of cells within the nervous system. 200
GO:0046331 lateral inhibition Signaling between cells of equivalent developmental potential that results in these cells adopting different developmental fates. An example is the suppression by cells with a particular fate of the adoption of the same fate by surrounding cells. 101
GO:0048813 dendrite morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of a dendrite are generated and organized. A dendrite is a freely branching protoplasmic process of a nerve cell. 92
GO:0048468 cell development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a specific fate. 89
GO:0001764 neuron migration The characteristic movement of an immature neuron from germinal zones to specific positions where they will reside as they mature. 72
GO:0007409 axonogenesis Generation of a long process of a neuron, that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body towards target cells. 67
GO:0030182 neuron differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuron. 61
GO:0048699 generation of neurons The process in which nerve cells are generated. This includes the production of neuroblasts and their differentiation into neurons. 60
GO:0007286 spermatid development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a spermatid over time, from its formation to the mature structure. 59
GO:0048812 neuron projection morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of a neuron projection are generated and organized. A neuron projection is any process extending from a neural cell, such as axons or dendrites. 57
GO:0007298 border follicle cell migration The directed movement of a border cell through the nurse cells to reach the oocyte. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster. 50
GO:0045214 sarcomere organization The myofibril assembly process that results in the organization of muscle actomyosin into sarcomeres. The sarcomere is the repeating unit of a myofibril in a muscle cell, composed of an array of overlapping thick and thin filaments between two adjacent Z discs. 48
GO:0000904 cell morphogenesis involved in differentiation The change in form (cell shape and size) that occurs when relatively unspecialized cells, e.g. embryonic or regenerative cells, acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells, tissues, or organs of the mature organism or some other relatively stable phase of the organism's life history. 42
GO:0007281 germ cell development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an immature germ cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure (gamete). A germ cell is any reproductive cell in a multicellular organism. 41
GO:0071688 striated muscle myosin thick filament assembly The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins to form the myosin-based thick filaments of myofibrils in striated muscle. 40
GO:0007528 neuromuscular junction development A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a neuromuscular junction. 40
GO:0045665 negative regulation of neuron differentiation Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neuron differentiation. 39
GO:0008045 motor neuron axon guidance The process in which the migration of an axon growth cone of a motor neuron is directed to a specific target site in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues. 38
GO:0007413 axonal fasciculation The collection of axons into a bundle of rods, known as a fascicle. 38
GO:0010976 positive regulation of neuron projection development Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of neuron projection development. Neuron projection development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron projection over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A neuron projection is any process extending from a neural cell, such as axons or dendrites (collectively called neurites). 37
GO:0031175 neuron projection development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron projection over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A neuron projection is any process extending from a neural cell, such as axons or dendrites (collectively called neurites). 37
GO:0002064 epithelial cell development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an epithelial cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. An epithelial cell is a cell usually found in a two-dimensional sheet with a free surface. 36
GO:0045666 positive regulation of neuron differentiation Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neuron differentiation. 35
GO:0048666 neuron development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. 34
GO:0045664 regulation of neuron differentiation Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neuron differentiation. 34
GO:0007520 myoblast fusion A process in which non-proliferating myoblasts fuse to existing fibers or to myotubes to form new fibers. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers. 34
GO:0042052 rhabdomere development The assembly and arrangement of a rhabdomere within a cell. The rhabdomere is the organelle on the apical surface of a photoreceptor cell that contains the visual pigments. 33
GO:0048675 axon extension Long distance growth of a single axon process involved in cellular development. 32
GO:0050770 regulation of axonogenesis Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of axonogenesis, the generation of an axon, the long process of a neuron. 31
GO:0035315 hair cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a hair cell. 31
GO:0030855 epithelial cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an epithelial cell, any of the cells making up an epithelium. 31
GO:0007291 sperm individualization The resolution of the male germline syncytium or cyst into individual gametes by packaging each spermatid into its own plasma membrane. 31
GO:0030241 skeletal muscle myosin thick filament assembly The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins to form the myosin-based thick filaments of myofibrils in skeletal muscle. 30
GO:0001708 cell fate specification The process involved in the specification of cell identity. Once specification has taken place, a cell will be committed to differentiate down a specific pathway if left in its normal environment. 30
GO:0051124 synaptic growth at neuromuscular junction The growth of a synapse at a neuromuscular junction, the site of apposition of a motor end plate and the subneural cleft of the skeletal muscle fiber that it innervates. 30
GO:0048846 axon extension involved in axon guidance The long distance growth of a single cell process, that is involved in the migration of an axon growth cone, where the migration is directed to a specific target site by a combination of attractive and repulsive cues. 29
GO:0001755 neural crest cell migration The characteristic movement of cells from the dorsal ridge of the neural tube to a variety of locations in a vertebrate embryo. 28
GO:0030437 ascospore formation The process in which cells that are products of meiosis acquire the specialized features of ascospores. Ascospores are generally found in clusters of four or eight spores within a single mother cell, the ascus, and are characteristic of the ascomycete fungi (phylum Ascomycota). 28
GO:0045165 cell fate commitment The commitment of cells to specific cell fates and their capacity to differentiate into particular kinds of cells. Positional information is established through protein signals that emanate from a localized source within a cell (the initial one-cell zygote) or within a developmental field. 28
GO:0031290 retinal ganglion cell axon guidance The process in which the migration of an axon growth cone of a retinal ganglion cell (RGC) is directed to its target in the brain in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues. 28
GO:0048663 neuron fate commitment The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a neuron. 27
GO:0050767 regulation of neurogenesis Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neurogenesis, the origin and formation of neurons. 27
GO:0060122 inner ear receptor stereocilium organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a stereocilium. A stereocilium is an actin-based protrusion from the apical surface of inner ear receptor cells. 27
GO:0001649 osteoblast differentiation The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an osteoblast, a mesodermal or neural crest cell that gives rise to bone. 26
GO:0009860 pollen tube growth Growth of pollen via tip extension of the intine wall. 26
GO:0048814 regulation of dendrite morphogenesis Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of dendrite morphogenesis. 26
GO:0016322 neuron remodeling The developmentally regulated remodeling of neuronal projections such as pruning to eliminate the extra dendrites and axons projections set up in early stages of nervous system development. 26
GO:0030239 myofibril assembly Formation of myofibrils, the repeating units of striated muscle. 26
GO:0030718 germ-line stem cell maintenance Any process involved in preventing uncommitted germ-line stem cells from differentiating as another cell type. 25
GO:0019827 stem cell maintenance The process in which an organism retains a population of stem cells, preventing the commitment of all stem cell progeny to a differentiated cell fate. 25
GO:0016358 dendrite development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the dendrite over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A dendrite is a freely branching protoplasmic process of a nerve cell. 25
GO:0035019 somatic stem cell maintenance The process in which an organism retains a population of somatic stem cells, undifferentiated cells in the embryo or adult which can undergo unlimited division and give rise to cell types of the body other than those of the germ-line. 24
GO:0045451 pole plasm oskar mRNA localization Any process in which oskar mRNA is transported to, or maintained in, the oocyte pole plasm. 24
GO:0030099 myeloid cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized myeloid precursor cell acquires the specialized features of any cell of the myeloid leukocyte, megakaryocyte, thrombocyte, or erythrocyte lineages. 24
GO:0008103 oocyte microtubule cytoskeleton polarization Establishment and maintenance of a specific axis of polarity of the oocyte microtubule network. The axis is set so that the minus and plus ends of the microtubules of the mid stage oocyte are positioned along the anterior cortex and at the posterior pole, respectively. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster. 24
GO:0008347 glial cell migration The orderly movement of a glial cell, non-neuronal cells that provide support and nutrition, maintain homeostasis, form myelin, and participate in signal transmission in the nervous system. 23
GO:0050873 brown fat cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a brown adipocyte, an animal connective tissue cell involved in adaptive thermogenesis. Brown adipocytes contain multiple small droplets of triglycerides and a high number of mitochondria. 23
GO:0055003 cardiac myofibril assembly The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cardiac myofibril over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A cardiac myofibril is a myofibril specific to cardiac muscle cells. 22
GO:0030216 keratinocyte differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a keratinocyte. 22
GO:0046843 dorsal appendage formation Establishment of the dorsal filaments, elaborate specializations of the chorion that protrude from the anterior end of the egg and facilitate embryonic respiration. 22
GO:0030240 skeletal muscle thin filament assembly The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins to form the actin-based thin filaments of myofibrils in skeletal muscle. 22
GO:0034446 substrate adhesion-dependent cell spreading The morphogenetic process that results in flattening of a cell as a consequence of its adhesion to a substrate. 22
GO:0002062 chondrocyte differentiation The process in which a chondroblast acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a chondrocyte. A chondrocyte is a polymorphic cell that forms cartilage. 22
GO:0001570 vasculogenesis The differentiation of endothelial cells from progenitor cells during blood vessel development, and the de novo formation of blood vessels and tubes. 21
GO:0007501 mesodermal cell fate specification The cell fate determination process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a mesoderm cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed. 21
GO:0010977 negative regulation of neuron projection development Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of neuron projection development. Neuron projection development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron projection over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A neuron projection is any process extending from a neural cell, such as axons or dendrites (collectively called neurites). 20
GO:0016199 axon midline choice point recognition The recognition of molecules at the central nervous system midline choice point by an axon growth cone; this choice point determines whether the growth cone will cross the midline. 20
GO:0050768 negative regulation of neurogenesis Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neurogenesis, the origin and formation of neurons. 20
GO:0048741 skeletal muscle fiber development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the skeletal muscle fiber over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Muscle fibers are formed by the maturation of myotubes. They can be classed as slow, intermediate/fast or fast. 20
GO:0002052 positive regulation of neuroblast proliferation Any process that activates or increases the rate of neuroblast proliferation. 18
GO:0051146 striated muscle cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a striated muscle cell; striated muscle fibers are divided by transverse bands into striations, and cardiac and voluntary muscle are types of striated muscle. 18
GO:0048935 peripheral nervous system neuron development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron whose cell body is located in the peripheral nervous system, from initial commitment of the cell to a neuronal fate, to the fully functional differentiated neuron. 18
GO:0001737 establishment of imaginal disc-derived wing hair orientation Orientation of hairs in the imaginal disc-derived wing along a proximal-distal axis, such that each cell of the wing produces one wing hair which points in a distal direction. 18
GO:0048469 cell maturation A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a cell to attain its fully functional state. 18
GO:0035914 skeletal muscle cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a skeletal muscle cell, a somatic cell located in skeletal muscle. 18
GO:0045467 R7 cell development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the R7 photoreceptor over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The R7 photoreceptor is the last photoreceptor to develop in the ommatidium. 17
GO:0055059 asymmetric neuroblast division The process resulting in the physical partitioning and separation of a neuroblast into two daughter cells with different developmental potentials. 17
GO:0042692 muscle cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a muscle cell. 17
GO:0071542 dopaminergic neuron differentiation The process in which a neuroblast acquires the specialized structural and functional features of a dopaminergic neuron, a neuron that secretes dopamine. 17
GO:0045167 asymmetric protein localization involved in cell fate determination Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a specific asymmetric distribution, resulting in the formation of daughter cells of different types. 16
GO:0010975 regulation of neuron projection development Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of neuron projection development. Neuron projection development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron projection over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A neuron projection is any process extending from a neural cell, such as axons or dendrites (collectively called neurites). 16
GO:0042462 eye photoreceptor cell development Development of a photoreceptor, a sensory cell in the eye that reacts to the presence of light. They usually contain a pigment that undergoes a chemical change when light is absorbed, thus stimulating a nerve. 16
GO:0030707 ovarian follicle cell development The process that occurs during oogenesis involving the ovarian follicle cells, somatic cells which surround the germ cells of an ovary. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster. 16
GO:0009913 epidermal cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an epidermal cell, any of the cells making up the epidermis. 16
GO:0021953 central nervous system neuron differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuron whose cell body resides in the central nervous system. 16
GO:0001709 cell fate determination A process involved in cell fate commitment. Once determination has taken place, a cell becomes committed to differentiate down a particular pathway regardless of its environment. 16
GO:0030218 erythrocyte differentiation The process in which a myeloid precursor cell acquires specializes features of an erythrocyte. 15
GO:0048739 cardiac muscle fiber development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of cardiac muscle fiber over time, from its formation to the mature structure. 15
GO:0050774 negative regulation of dendrite morphogenesis Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of dendrite morphogenesis. 15
GO:0048709 oligodendrocyte differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an oligodendrocyte. An oligodendrocyte is a type of glial cell involved in myelinating the axons of neurons in the central nervous system. 15
GO:0048747 muscle fiber development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the muscle fiber over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Muscle fibers are formed by the maturation of myotubes. They can be classed as slow, intermediate/fast or fast. 15
GO:0030318 melanocyte differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a melanocyte. 15
GO:0010001 glial cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a glial cell. 15
GO:0045446 endothelial cell differentiation The process in which a mesodermal, bone marrow or neural crest cell acquires specialized features of an endothelial cell, a thin flattened cell. A layer of such cells lines the inside surfaces of body cavities, blood vessels, and lymph vessels, making up the endothelium. 14
GO:0050773 regulation of dendrite development Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of dendrite development. 14
GO:0060218 hematopoietic stem cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a hematopoietic stem cell. A stem cell is a cell that retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized cells. 14
GO:0070983 dendrite guidance The process in which the migration of a dendrite is directed to a specific target site in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues. 14
GO:0048665 neuron fate specification The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a neuron in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway. Upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed. 14
GO:0050769 positive regulation of neurogenesis Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neurogenesis, the origin and formation of neurons. 14
GO:0008039 synaptic target recognition The process in which a neuronal cell in a multicellular organism interprets signals produced by potential target cells, with which it may form synapses. 14
GO:0007400 neuroblast fate determination The cell fate determination process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a neuroblast cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus. 14
GO:0001751 compound eye photoreceptor cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an eye photoreceptor cell. 14
GO:0007464 R3/R4 cell fate commitment The process in which the R3/R4 photoreceptors commit to their cell fate. R3 and R4 are paired photoreceptors which contribute the outer rhabdomeres. 13
GO:0021522 spinal cord motor neuron differentiation The process in which neuroepithelial cells in the ventral neural tube acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of motor neurons. Motor neurons innervate an effector (muscle or glandular) tissue and are responsible for transmission of motor impulses from the brain to the periphery. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate. 13
GO:0050772 positive regulation of axonogenesis Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of axonogenesis. 13
GO:0021527 spinal cord association neuron differentiation The process in which neuroepithelial cells in the neural tube acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of association neurons. Association neurons are cells located in the dorsal portion of the spinal cord that integrate sensory input. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate. 13
GO:0007405 neuroblast proliferation The expansion of a neuroblast population by cell division. A neuroblast is any cell that will divide and give rise to a neuron. 13
GO:0007412 axon target recognition The process in which an axon recognizes and binds to a set of cells with which it may form stable connections. 13
GO:0007465 R7 cell fate commitment The process in which the R7 photoreceptor commits to its cell fate. The R7 receptor contributes the central part of the rhabdomere in the apical parts of the ommatidium. 13
GO:0048769 sarcomerogenesis The process in which sarcomeres are added in series within a fiber. 12
GO:0043935 sexual sporulation resulting in formation of a cellular spore The formation of spores derived from the products of meiosis. A cellular spore is a cell form that can be used for dissemination, for survival of adverse conditions because of its heat and dessication resistance, and/or for reproduction. 12
GO:0014019 neuroblast development The process aimed at the progression of a neuroblast over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific state, to the mature neuroblast. It does not include processes where the neuroblast turns into a glial cell or a neuron. 12
GO:0014033 neural crest cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neural crest cell. 12
GO:0021954 central nervous system neuron development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron whose cell body is located in the central nervous system, from initial commitment of the cell to a neuronal fate, to the fully functional differentiated neuron. 12
GO:0033077 T cell differentiation in thymus The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a T cell via a differentiation pathway dependent upon transit through the thymus. 12
GO:0021952 central nervous system projection neuron axonogenesis Generation of a long process of a CNS neuron, that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body towards target cells in a different central nervous system region. 12
GO:0050872 white fat cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a white adipocyte, an animal connective tissue cell involved in energy storage. White adipocytes have cytoplasmic lipids arranged in a unique vacuole. 12
GO:0008594 photoreceptor cell morphogenesis The process in which the structures of a photoreceptor cell are generated and organized. This process occurs while the initially relatively unspecialized cell is acquiring the specialized features of a photoreceptor cell, a sensory cell that reacts to the presence of light. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster. 12
GO:0001556 oocyte maturation A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for an oocyte to attain its fully functional state. Oocyte maturation commences after reinitiation of meiosis commonly starting with germinal vesicle breakdown, and continues up to the second meiotic arrest prior to fertilization. 12
GO:0060857 establishment of glial blood-brain barrier Establishment of the glial barrier between the blood and the brain. The glial cells in the brain are packed tightly together preventing the passage of most molecules from the blood into the brain. Only lipid soluble molecules or those that are actively transported can pass through the blood-brain barrier. 12
GO:0007312 oocyte nucleus migration involved in oocyte dorsal/ventral axis specification The directed movement of the oocyte nucleus within the cell as part of the establishment and maintenance of the dorsal/ventral axis of the oocyte. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster. 12
GO:0048667 cell morphogenesis involved in neuron differentiation The process in which the structures of a neuron are generated and organized. This process occurs while the initially relatively unspecialized cell is acquiring the specialized features of a neuron. 12
GO:0003382 epithelial cell morphogenesis The change in form that occurs when an epithelial cell progresses from its initial formation to its mature state. 12
GO:0042675 compound eye cone cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a compound eye cone cell, a cone-shaped cell, that focuses light in a compound eye. 11
GO:0045200 establishment of neuroblast polarity The specification and formation of the apicobasal polarity of a neuroblast cell, a progenitor of the central nervous system. 11
GO:0001714 endodermal cell fate specification The cell fate determination process that results in a cell becoming capable of differentiating autonomously into an endoderm cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed. 11
GO:0042066 perineurial glial growth Glial cell growth that occurs in the perineurium, a cell layer that ensheaths projections of peripheral nerves, such as motor axons. 11
GO:0045198 establishment of epithelial cell apical/basal polarity The specification and formation of the apicobasal polarity of an epithelial cell. 11
GO:0021782 glial cell development The process aimed at the progression of a glial cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. 11
GO:0001837 epithelial to mesenchymal transition A transition where an epithelial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell. 11
GO:0016360 sensory organ precursor cell fate determination The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a sensory organ precursor cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed. 11
GO:0033563 dorsal/ventral axon guidance The process in which the migration of an axon growth cone is directed to a specific target site along the dorsal-ventral body axis in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues. The dorsal/ventral axis is defined by a line that runs orthogonal to both the anterior/posterior and left/right axes. The dorsal end is defined by the upper or back side of an organism. The ventral end is defined by the lower or front side of an organism. 10
GO:0070593 dendrite self-avoidance The process in which dendrites recognize and avoid contact with sister dendrites from the same cell. 10
GO:0072144 glomerular mesangial cell development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a glomerular mesangial cell in the kidney over time, from its formation to the mature structure. 10
GO:0007406 negative regulation of neuroblast proliferation Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the proliferation of neuroblasts. 10
GO:0048708 astrocyte differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an astrocyte. An astrocyte is the most abundant type of glial cell. Astrocytes provide support for neurons and regulate the environment in which they function. 10
GO:0021879 forebrain neuron differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuron that will reside in the forebrain. 10
GO:0035317 imaginal disc-derived wing hair organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level that results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an imaginal disc-derived wing hair. A wing hair is an actin-rich, polarized, non-sensory apical projection that protrudes from each of the approximately 30,000 wing epithelial cells. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster. 10
GO:0007493 endodermal cell fate determination The cell fate determination process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an endoderm cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed. 10
GO:0042694 muscle cell fate specification The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a muscle cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed. 10
GO:0045445 myoblast differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a myoblast. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into striated muscle fibers. 10
GO:0021834 chemorepulsion involved in embryonic olfactory bulb interneuron precursor migration The creation and reception of signals that guide olfactory bulb interneuron precursors down concentration gradients towards the olfactory bulb. 10
GO:0045444 fat cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an adipocyte, an animal connective tissue cell specialized for the synthesis and storage of fat. 10
GO:0021831 embryonic olfactory bulb interneuron precursor migration The directed movement of individual interneuron precursors during the embryonic development of the olfactory bulb. 10
GO:0050771 negative regulation of axonogenesis Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of axonogenesis. 10
GO:0003337 mesenchymal to epithelial transition involved in metanephros morphogenesis A transition where a mesenchymal cell establishes apical/basolateral polarity,forms intercellular adhesive junctions, synthesizes basement membrane components and becomes an epithelial cell that will contribute to the shaping of the metanephros. 10
GO:0045773 positive regulation of axon extension Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of axon extension. 10
GO:0048863 stem cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a stem cell. A stem cell is a cell that retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized cells. 10
GO:0048235 pollen sperm cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a haploid sperm cell within the plant gametophyte. 9
GO:0014032 neural crest cell development The process aimed at the progression of a neural crest cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to its specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. 9
GO:0014009 glial cell proliferation The multiplication or reproduction of glial cells by cell division, resulting in the expansion of their population. Glial cells exist throughout the nervous system, and include Schwann cells, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes among others. 9
GO:0042063 gliogenesis The process that results in the generation of glial cells. This includes the production of glial progenitors and their differentiation into mature glia. 9
GO:0001754 eye photoreceptor cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a photoreceptor cell, as found in the eye, the primary visual organ of most organisms. 9
GO:0007402 ganglion mother cell fate determination The cell fate determination process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a ganglion mother cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed. 9
GO:0048768 root hair cell tip growth Localized growth of a plant root hair tip by extension of the cell wall. 9
GO:0060487 lung epithelial cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an epithelial cell that contributes to the epithelium of the lung. 9
GO:0014034 neural crest cell fate commitment The process in which a cell becomes committed to become a neural crest cell. 9
GO:0048711 positive regulation of astrocyte differentiation Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of astrocyte differentiation. 9
GO:0060999 positive regulation of dendritic spine development Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of dendritic spine development, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the dendritic spine over time, from its formation to the mature structure. 9
GO:0072499 photoreceptor cell axon guidance The chemotaxis process that directs the migration of a photoreceptor cell axon growth cone to its target in the optic lobe in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues. 9
GO:0048715 negative regulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of oligodendrocyte differentiation. 9
GO:0030727 germarium-derived female germ-line cyst formation Formation, in a germarium, of a group of interconnected cells derived from a single female gonial founder cell (a cystoblast). The germarium is the most anterior portion of an insect ovariole. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster. 9
GO:0030713 ovarian follicle cell stalk formation Development of ovarian follicle cells to create the interfollicular stalks that connect the egg chambers of progressive developmental stages. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster. 9
GO:0046534 positive regulation of photoreceptor cell differentiation Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of photoreceptor cell differentiation. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster. 9
GO:0021521 ventral spinal cord interneuron specification The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a ventral spinal cord interneuron in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway. 8
GO:0007318 pole plasm protein localization Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, the oocyte pole plasm. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster. 8
GO:0055007 cardiac muscle cell differentiation The process in which a cardiac muscle precursor cell acquires specialized features of a cardiac muscle cell. Cardiac muscle cells are striated muscle cells that are responsible for heart contraction. 8
GO:0055015 ventricular cardiac muscle cell development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a ventricular cardiac muscle cell over time, from its formation to the mature state. Cardiac muscle cells are striated muscle cells that are responsible for heart contraction. The ventricle is the part of the heart that pumps blood out of the organ. 8
GO:0048864 stem cell development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the stem cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to its specific fate. 8
GO:0046667 compound eye retinal cell programmed cell death Programmed cell death that occurs in the retina to remove excess cells between ommatidia, thus resulting in a hexagonal lattice, precise with respect to cell number and position surrounding each ommatidium. 8
GO:0042078 germ-line stem cell division The self-renewing division of a germline stem cell to produce a daughter stem cell and a daughter germ cell, which will divide to form the gametes. 8
GO:0030435 sporulation resulting in formation of a cellular spore The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a cellular spore, a cell form that can be used for dissemination, for survival of adverse conditions because of its heat and dessication resistance, and/or for reproduction. 8
GO:0021913 regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in ventral spinal cord interneuron specification Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter that results in the commitment of a cell to become an interneuron in the ventral spinal cord. 8
GO:0042491 auditory receptor cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an auditory hair cell. 8
GO:0021912 regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in spinal cord motor neuron fate specification Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter that results the commitment of a cell to become a motor neuron in the ventral spinal cord. 8
GO:0021514 ventral spinal cord interneuron differentiation The process in which neuroepithelial cells in the neural tube acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of ventral spinal cord interneurons. Ventral spinal cord interneurons are cells located in the ventral portion of the spinal cord that transmit signals between sensory and motor neurons and are required for reflexive responses. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate. 8
GO:0060235 lens induction in camera-type eye Signaling at short range between the head ectoderm and the optic vesicle that results in the head ectoderm forming a lens. 8
GO:0014029 neural crest formation The formation of the specialized region of ectoderm between the neural ectoderm (neural plate) and non-neural ectoderm. The neural crest gives rise to the neural crest cells that migrate away from this region as neural tube formation procedes. 8
GO:0030476 ascospore wall assembly The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an ascospore wall. During sporulation in Ascomycota, each ascospore nucleus becomes surrounded by a specialized spore wall, formed by deposition of spore wall components in the lumenal space between the outer and inner leaflets of the prospore membrane. An example of this process is found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 8
GO:0048599 oocyte development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an oocyte over time, from initial commitment of the cell to its specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. 8
GO:0003357 noradrenergic neuron differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an noradrenergic neuron, a neuron that secretes noradrenaline. 8
GO:0048841 regulation of axon extension involved in axon guidance Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of axon extension involved in axon guidance. 8
GO:0014036 neural crest cell fate specification The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a neural crest cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed. 8
GO:0060061 Spemann organizer formation Formation of the specialized region on the dorsalmost side of the embryo that acts as the main signaling center establishing the vertebrate body plan. 8
GO:0030217 T cell differentiation The process in which a precursor cell type acquires characteristics of a more mature T-cell. A T cell is a type of lymphocyte whose definin characteristic is the expression of a T cell receptor complex. 8
GO:0002076 osteoblast development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an osteoblast over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Osteoblast development does not include the steps involved in committing a cranial neural crest cell or an osteoprogenitor cell to an osteoblast fate. An osteoblast is a cell that gives rise to bone. 8
GO:0014044 Schwann cell development The process aimed at the progression of a Schwann cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. Schwann cells are found in the peripheral nervous system, where they insulate neurons and axons, and regulate the environment in which neurons function. 7
GO:0014813 satellite cell commitment The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a satellite cell. 7
GO:0030225 macrophage differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized monocyte acquires the specialized features of a macrophage. 7
GO:0035051 cardiocyte differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a cell that will form part of the cardiac organ of an individual. 7
GO:0050775 positive regulation of dendrite morphogenesis Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of dendrite morphogenesis. 7
GO:0007521 muscle cell fate determination The cell fate determination process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a muscle cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed. 7
GO:0007294 germarium-derived oocyte fate determination The cell fate determination process in which a germarium-derived cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an oocyte cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster. 7
GO:0060856 establishment of blood-brain barrier Establishment of the barrier between the blood and the brain. The cells in the brain are packed tightly together preventing the passage of most molecules from the blood into the brain. Only lipid soluble molecules or those that are actively transported can pass through the blood-brain barrier. 7
GO:0060253 negative regulation of glial cell proliferation Any process that stops or decreases the rate or extent of glial cell proliferation. 7
GO:0042051 compound eye photoreceptor development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a light-responsive receptor in the compound eye over time, from its formation to the mature structure. 7
GO:0007309 oocyte axis specification The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of an axis in the oocyte. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster. 7
GO:0021515 cell differentiation in spinal cord The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells of the spinal cord. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate. 7
GO:0002063 chondrocyte development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a chondrocyte over time, from its commitment to its mature state. Chondrocyte development does not include the steps involved in committing a chondroblast to a chondrocyte fate. 7
GO:0031424 keratinization The process in which the cytoplasm of the outermost cells of the vertebrate epidermis is replaced by keratin. Keratinization occurs in the stratum corneum, feathers, hair, claws, nails, hooves, and horns. 7
GO:0022011 myelination in peripheral nervous system The process in which neuronal axons and dendrites become coated with a segmented lipid-rich sheath (myelin) to enable faster and more energetically efficient conduction of electrical impulses. The sheath is formed by the cell membranes of Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system. Adjacent myelin segments are separated by a non-myelinated stretch of axon called a node of Ranvier. 7
GO:0030381 chorion-containing eggshell pattern formation The regionalization process that gives rise to the structural pattern of a chorion-containing eggshell such as those found in insects. 7
GO:0003323 type B pancreatic cell development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a type B pancreatic cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A type B pancreatic cell is a cell located towards center of the islets of Langerhans that secretes insulin. 7
GO:0003334 keratinocyte development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a keratinocyte over time, from its formation to the mature structure. 7
GO:0021778 oligodendrocyte cell fate specification The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an oligodendrocyte in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway. Upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed. 7
GO:0010002 cardioblast differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized mesodermal cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a cardioblast. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating. 7
GO:0035225 determination of genital disc primordium Allocation of embryonic cells to the genital imaginal disc founder populations. Early in development at the blastoderm stage, the anlage of the genital disc of both sexes consists of three primordia: the female genital primoridum lcoated anteriorly, the anal primoridum located posteriorly, and the male gential primordium between the two. 6
GO:0048132 female germ-line stem cell division The self-renewing division of a germline stem cell in the female gonad, to produce a daughter stem cell and a daughter germ cell, which will divide to form the female gametes. 6
GO:0021960 anterior commissure morphogenesis Generation of a long process of a CNS neuron, that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body in one half of the cerebral cortex towards target cells in the contralateral half. This axonal process is a member of those that make up the anterior commissure, a small midline fiber tract that lies at the anterior end of the corpus callosum. 6
GO:0007438 oenocyte development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the oenocyte over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The oenocytes are large secretory cells found in clusters underlying the epidermis of larval abdominal segments. 6
GO:0021902 commitment of neuronal cell to specific neuron type in forebrain The commitment of neuronal precursor cells to become specialized types of neurons in the forebrain. 6
GO:0007516 hemocyte development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the hemocyte over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Hemocytes are blood cells associated with a hemocoel (the cavity containing most of the major organs of the arthropod body) which are involved in defense and clotting of hemolymph, but not involved in transport of oxygen. 6
GO:0021884 forebrain neuron development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron that resides in the forebrain, from its initial commitment to its fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. 6
GO:0007290 spermatid nucleus elongation The change in shape of the spermatid nucleus from a spherical structure to an elongated organelle, during the latter part of spermatid differentiation. 6
GO:0031103 axon regeneration The regrowth of axons following their loss or damage. 6
GO:0048821 erythrocyte development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an erythrocyte over time, from its formation to the mature structure. 6
GO:0060231 mesenchymal to epithelial transition A transition where a mesenchymal cell establishes apical/basolateral polarity, forms intercellular adhesive junctions, synthesizes basement membrane components and becomes an epithelial cell. 6
GO:0014010 Schwann cell proliferation The multiplication or reproduction of Schwann cells, resulting in the expansion of their population. Schwann cells are a type of glial cell in the peripheral nervous system. 6
GO:0030517 negative regulation of axon extension Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of axon outgrowth. 6
GO:0031321 ascospore-type prospore assembly During ascospore formation, the process in which each haploid nucleus becomes encapsulated by a double membrane. 6
GO:0010090 trichome morphogenesis The process in which the structures of a hair cell (trichome) cell are generated and organized. This process occurs while the initially relatively unspecialized epidermal cell is acquiring the specialized features of a hair cell. An example of this process is found in Arabidopsis thaliana. 6
GO:0002051 osteoblast fate commitment The commitment of mesenchymal cells to the specific cell fate of an osteoblast. An osteoblast is a bone-forming cell which secretes an extracellular matrix. Hydroxyapatite crystals are then deposited into the matrix to form bone. 6
GO:0060913 cardiac cell fate determination The process involved in cardiac cell fate commitment. Once determination has taken place, a cell becomes committed to differentiate down a particular pathway regardless of its environment. 6
GO:0048134 germ-line cyst formation Formation of a group of interconnected cells derived from a single gonial founder cell. 6
GO:0035318 imaginal disc-derived wing hair outgrowth Extrusion of a cellular projection from the apical membrane of an epithelial cell in an imaginal disc-derived wing. Outgrowth initiates approximately 35 hours after puparium formation from the distal side of the cell, and at this stage the cellular extension is termed a prehair. 6
GO:0048240 sperm capacitation A process required for sperm to reach fertilization competence. Sperm undergo an incompletely understood series of morphological and molecular maturational processes, termed capacitation, involving, among other processes, protein tyrosine phosphorylation and increased intracellular calcium. 6
GO:0060009 Sertoli cell development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a Sertoli cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a Sertoli cell fate. 6
GO:0060113 inner ear receptor cell differentiation The process in which relatively unspecialized cells, acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of inner ear receptor cells. Inner ear receptor cells are mechanorecptors found in the inner ear responsible for transducing signals involved in balance and sensory perception of sound. 6
GO:0035320 imaginal disc-derived wing hair site selection Determination of the site in the cell of an imaginal disc-derived wing at which a prehair initiates outgrowth. Restriction of prehair initiation to the distalmost part of a cell is essential to ensure that each wing epithelial cell produces one adult hair that points distally. 6
GO:0048767 root hair elongation The process in which the root hair grows longer. 6
GO:0021918 regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in somatic motor neuron fate commitment Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter that contributes to the commitment of spinal cord motor neurons to specific motor neuron types along the anterior-posterior axis. 6
GO:0043704 photoreceptor cell fate specification The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a photoreceptor cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway. Upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed. 6
GO:0007279 pole cell formation Formation of a small group of cells (pole cells) at the posterior pole of the insect blastula. They are the first cells to cellularize after the arrival of nuclei at the end of the syncytial blastula stage and are the precursors to the insect germ cells. 6
GO:0071340 skeletal muscle acetylcholine-gated channel clustering The accumulation of acetylcholine-gated cation channels in a narrow, central region of muscle fibers, in apposition to nerve terminals. 6
GO:0002093 auditory receptor cell morphogenesis Any process that alters the size or shape of an auditory receptor cell. 6
GO:0048664 neuron fate determination The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a neuron regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed. 6
GO:0045500 sevenless signaling pathway A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to sevenless (sev; a receptor tyrosine kinase) on the surface of a target cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. 6
GO:0060119 inner ear receptor cell development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an inner ear receptor cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a specific fate. 6
GO:0021707 cerebellar granule cell differentiation The process in which neuroblasts acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the mature cerebellar granule cell. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a neuroblast to a granule cell fate. A granule cell is a glutamatergic interneuron found in the cerebellar cortex. 6
GO:0003322 pancreatic A cell development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a pancreatic A cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A pancreatic A cell is a cell in the pancreas that secretes glucagon. 6
GO:0014013 regulation of gliogenesis Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gliogenesis, the formation of mature glia. 5
GO:0060574 intestinal epithelial cell maturation The developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a columna/cuboidal epithelial cell of the intestine to attain its fully functional state. A columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell of the intestine mature as they migrate from the intestinal crypt to the villus. 5
GO:0048714 positive regulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of oligodendrocyte differentiation. 5
GO:0007307 eggshell chorion gene amplification Amplification by up to 60-fold of the loci containing the chorion gene clusters. Amplification is necessary for the rapid synthesis of chorion proteins by the follicle cells, and occurs by repeated firing of one or more origins located within each gene cluster. 5
GO:0060164 regulation of timing of neuron differentiation The process controlling the activation and/or rate at which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires features of a neuron. 5
GO:0060219 camera-type eye photoreceptor cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a photoreceptor cell in a camera-type eye. 5
GO:0014003 oligodendrocyte development The process aimed at the progression of an oligodendrocyte over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. An oligodendrocyte is a type of glial cell involved in myelinating the axons in the central nervous system. 5
GO:0033327 Leydig cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a Leydig cell. A Leydig cell is a testosterone-secreting cell in the interstitial area, between the seminiferous tubules, in the testis. 5
GO:0001829 trophectodermal cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a trophectoderm cell. 5
GO:0007308 oocyte construction The synthesis, deposition, and organization of the materials in a cell of an ovary; where the cell can then undergo meiosis and form an ovum. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster. 5
GO:0060575 intestinal epithelial cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell of the intestine. 5
GO:0007314 oocyte anterior/posterior axis specification Polarization of the oocyte along its anterior-posterior axis. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster. 5
GO:0048866 stem cell fate specification The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a stem cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway. Upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed. 5
GO:0007310 oocyte dorsal/ventral axis specification The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the dorsal/ventral axis of the oocyte. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster. 5
GO:0050935 iridophore differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an iridophore. Iridophores are pigment cells derived from the neural crest. They contain guanidine or other purine crystals deposited in stacks called reflecting platets or iridisomes. This gives them a silver, gold, or iridescent appearance. 5
GO:0007403 glial cell fate determination The cell fate determination process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a glial cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed. 5
GO:0016200 synaptic target attraction The process in which a neuronal cell in a multicellular organism recognizes chemoattractant signals from, and grows towards, potential targets. 5
GO:0045161 neuronal ion channel clustering The process in which voltage-gated ion channels become localized to distinct subcellular domains in the neuron. Specific targeting, clustering, and maintenance of these channels in their respective domains are essential to achieve high conduction velocities of action potential propagation. 5
GO:0072162 metanephric mesenchymal cell differentiation The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the mesenchymal cells of the metanephros as it progresses from its formation to the mature state. 5
GO:0030098 lymphocyte differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized precursor cell acquires specialized features of a lymphocyte. A lymphocyte is a leukocyte commonly found in the blood and lymph that has the characteristics of a large nucleus, a neutral staining cytoplasm, and prominent heterochromatin. 5
GO:0021872 forebrain generation of neurons The process in which nerve cells are generated in the forebrain. This includes the production of neuroblasts from and their differentiation into neurons. 5
GO:0030220 platelet formation The process in which platelets bud from long processes extended by megakaryocytes. 5
GO:0003383 apical constriction The actin-mediated process that results in the contraction of the apical end of a polarized columnar epithelial cell. 5
GO:0048762 mesenchymal cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a mesenchymal cell. A mesenchymal cell is a loosely associated cell that is part of the connective tissue in an organism. Mesenchymal cells give rise to more mature connective tissue cell types. 5
GO:0060018 astrocyte fate commitment The commitment of a cells to a specific astrocyte fate and its restriction to develop only into an astrocyte. 5
GO:0055002 striated muscle cell development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a striated muscle cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Striated muscle cells contain fibers that are divided by transverse bands into striations, and cardiac and skeletal muscle are types of striated muscle. 5
GO:0045676 regulation of R7 cell differentiation Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of R7 differentiation. 5
GO:0042461 photoreceptor cell development Development of a photoreceptor, a cell that responds to incident electromagnetic radiation, particularly visible light. 5
GO:0042693 muscle cell fate commitment The process in which the cellular identity of muscle cells is acquired and determined. 5
GO:0042676 compound eye cone cell fate commitment The process in which the cone cells of the compound eye, the lens-secreting cells in the ommatidia, adopt pathways of differentiation that lead to the establishment of their distinct cell type. 5
GO:0045313 rhabdomere membrane biogenesis A process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a rhabdomere membrane. 5
GO:0010623 developmental programmed cell death The activation of endogenous cellular processes that result in the death of a cell as part of its development. 5
GO:0014866 skeletal myofibril assembly The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the skeletal myofibril over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A skeletal myofibril is a myofibril specific to skeletal muscle cells. 5
GO:0010078 maintenance of root meristem identity The process in which an organism retains a population of root meristem cells, preventing the commitment of all stem cell progeny to a differentiated cell fate. 5
GO:0010197 polar nucleus fusion The merging of the polar nuclei, the two nuclei contained within the same cell that are created from the mitotic division of the megaspore during angiosperm reproduction. Polar nuclear fusion takes place in the ovule, forming in the fusion nucleus and giving rise to the endosperm when fertilized. 5
GO:0060252 positive regulation of glial cell proliferation Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of glial cell proliferation. 5
GO:0001759 organ induction The interaction of two or more cells or tissues that causes them to change their fates and specify the development of an organ. 5
GO:0072034 renal vesicle induction Signaling at short range between cells of the ureteric bud terminus and the kidney mesenchyme that positively regulates the formation of the renal vesicle. 5
GO:0048843 negative regulation of axon extension involved in axon guidance Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of axon extension involved in axon guidance. 5
GO:0030516 regulation of axon extension Any process that modulates the rate, direction or extent of axon extension. 5
GO:0060480 lung goblet cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a lung goblet cell. A goblet cell is a cell of the epithelial lining that produces and secretes mucins. 5
GO:0001710 mesodermal cell fate commitment The cell differentiation process that results in commitment of a cell to become part of the mesoderm. 5
GO:0045686 negative regulation of glial cell differentiation Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glia cell differentiation. 5
GO:0050936 xanthophore differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a xanthophore cell. Xanthophores are pigment cells derived from the neural crest. They contain pteridine and/or carotenoid pigments in structures called pterinosomes or xanthosomes. This makes them yellow to orange in appearance. 5
GO:0007282 cystoblast division Any of the rounds of incomplete mitosis undergone by a cystoblast to form a cyst of interconnected cells. 5
GO:0060290 transdifferentiation The conversion of a differentiated cell of one fate into a differentiated cell of another fate without first undergoing cell division or reversion to a more primitive or stem cell-like fate. 5
GO:0003256 regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in myocardial precursor cell differentiation Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter that contributes to the differentiation of a myocardial precursor cell. 5
GO:0051663 oocyte nucleus localization involved in oocyte dorsal/ventral axis specification The directed movement of the nucleus to a specific location within a cell during the establishment and maintenance of the dorsal/ventral axis of the oocyte. 4
GO:0014018 neuroblast fate specification The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a neuroblast in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway. Upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed. 4
GO:0021702 cerebellar Purkinje cell differentiation The process in which neuroblasts acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the mature cerebellar Purkinje cell. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a neuroblast to a Purkinje cell fate. A Purkinje cell is an inhibitory GABAergic neuron found in the cerebellar cortex that projects to the deep cerebellar nuclei and brain stem. 4
GO:0030708 germarium-derived female germ-line cyst encapsulation Formation of a single follicular epithelium around the germ-line derived cells of a cyst formed in the germarium. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster. 4
GO:0060836 lymphatic endothelial cell differentiation The process in which a venous blood vessel endothelial cell acquires specialized features of a lymphatic vessel endothelial cell, a thin flattened cell that lines the inside surfaces of lymph vessels. 4
GO:0035854 eosinophil fate commitment The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a eosinophil cell. A eosinophil is any of the immature or mature forms of a granular leukocyte with a nucleus that usually has two lobes connected by one or more slender threads of chromatin, and cytoplasm containing coarse, round granules that are uniform in size and which can be stained by the dye eosin. 4
GO:0061001 regulation of dendritic spine morphogenesis Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of dendritic spine morphogenesis, the process in which the anatomical structures of a dendritic spine are generated and organized. A dendritic spine is a protrusion from a dendrite and a specialized subcellular compartment involved in synaptic transmission. 4
GO:0060221 retinal rod cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a retinal rod cell. 4
GO:0030224 monocyte differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized myeloid precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a monocyte. 4
GO:0048627 myoblast development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the myoblast over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers. 4
GO:0060644 mammary gland epithelial cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized epithelial cell becomes a more specialized epithelial cell of the mammary gland. 4
GO:0001831 trophectodermal cellular morphogenesis The morphogenesis of trophectoderm cells. 4
GO:0061049 cell growth involved in cardiac muscle cell development The growth of a cardiac muscle cell, where growth contributes to the progression of the cell over time from its initial formation to its mature state. 4
GO:0021853 cerebral cortex GABAergic interneuron migration The migration of GABAergic interneuron precursors from the subpallium to the cerebral cortex. 4
GO:0048865 stem cell fate commitment The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a stem cell. 4
GO:0021955 central nervous system neuron axonogenesis Generation of a long process from a neuron whose cell body resides in the central nervous system. The process carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body towards target cells. 4
GO:0046533 negative regulation of photoreceptor cell differentiation Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of photoreceptor cell differentiation. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster. 4
GO:0022009 central nervous system vasculogenesis The differentiation of endothelial cells from progenitor cells during blood vessel development, and the de novo formation of blood vessels and tubes in the central nervous system. The capillary endothelial cells in the brain are specialized to form the blood-brain barrier. 4
GO:0046844 micropyle formation Establishment of the micropyle, a single cone-shaped specialization of the chorion that allows sperm entry into the egg prior to fertilization. 4
GO:0021523 somatic motor neuron differentiation The process in which neuroepithelial cells in the neural tube acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of somatic motor neurons. Somatic motor neurons innervate skeletal muscle targets and are responsible for transmission of motor impulses from the brain to the periphery. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate. 4
GO:0061320 pericardial nephrocyte differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a pericardial nephrocyte. A pericardial nephrocyte is an insect renal cell that filters hemolymph and is found with other pericardial nephrocytes in two rows flanking the dorsal vessel. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate and its subsequent development to the mature state. 4
GO:0031322 ascospore-type prospore-specific spindle pole body remodeling A spindle pole body (SPB) organization process that takes place during the second meiotic division during ascospore formation and results in the structural reorganization of the SPB; includes the recruitment of sporulation-specific proteins to the outer plaque to form the meiotic outer plaque (MOP). 4
GO:0014834 satellite cell maintenance involved in skeletal muscle regeneration The process essential to maintain a ready source of satellite cells. It consists of the return of activated satellite cells to a quiescent state after proliferation to replenish the satellite cell pool. Satellite cells are quiescent cells that are located between the basal lamina and the plasmalemma of the muscle fiber, which are the main contributors to postnatal muscle growth. In adult muscle, satellite cells become activated to divide and differentiate in response to muscle damage. 4
GO:0055013 cardiac muscle cell development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cardiac muscle cell over time, from its formation to the mature state. 4
GO:0021979 hypothalamus cell differentiation The differentiation of cells that will contribute to the structure and function of the hypothalamus. 4
GO:0070306 lens fiber cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a lens fiber cell, any of the elongated, tightly packed cells that make up the bulk of the mature lens in the camera-type eye. The cytoplasm of a lens fiber cell is devoid of most intracellular organelles including the cell nucleus, and contains primarily crystallins, a group of water-soluble proteins expressed in vary large quantities. 4
GO:0021533 cell differentiation in hindbrain The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the mature cells of the hindbrain. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate. 4
GO:0060492 lung induction The close range interaction of two or more cells or tissues that causes the cells of the foregut to change their fates and specify the development of the lung. 4
GO:0060947 cardiac vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a cardiac vascular smooth muscle cell. A cardiac vascular smooth muscle cell covers the heart vasculature and lacks transverse striations in its constituent fibers. 4
GO:0048668 collateral sprouting The process in which outgrowths develop from the shafts of existing axons. 4
GO:0003413 chondrocyte differentiation involved in endochondral bone morphogenesis The process in which a chondroblast acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a chondrocyte that will contribute to the development of a bone. A chondrocyte is a polymorphic cell that forms cartilage. 4
GO:0045196 establishment or maintenance of neuroblast polarity Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of the apicobasal polarity of a neuroblast cell, a progenitor of the central nervous system. 4
GO:0048712 negative regulation of astrocyte differentiation Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of astrocyte differentiation. 4
GO:0001752 compound eye photoreceptor fate commitment The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a compound eye photoreceptor cell. A photoreceptor cell is a cell that responds to incident electromagnetic radiation. Different classes of photoreceptor have different spectral sensitivities and express different photosensitive pigments. 4
GO:0097150 neuronal stem cell maintenance The process in which an organism retains a population of neuronal stem cells, undifferentiated cells that originate from the neuroectoderm and have the capacity both to perpetually self-renew without differentiating and to generate multiple types of lineage-restricted progenitors. 4
GO:0030859 polarized epithelial cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a polarized epithelial cell. The polarized epithelial cell can be any of the cells within an epithelium where the epithelial sheet is oriented with respect to the planar axis. 4
GO:0003253 cardiac neural crest cell migration involved in outflow tract morphogenesis The orderly movement of a neural crest cell from one site to another that will contribute to the morphogenesis of the outflow tract. 4
GO:0035310 notum cell fate specification The process in which a cell in the larval wing imaginal disc becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a notum cell, if left in its normal environment. 4
GO:0072112 glomerular visceral epithelial cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a glomerular visceral epithelial cell. A glomerular visceral epithelial cell is a specialized epithelial cell that contains "feet" that interdigitate with the "feet" of other glomerular epithelial cells. 4
GO:0060008 Sertoli cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a Sertoli cell. A Sertoli cell is a supporting cell projecting inward from the basement membrane of seminiferous tubules. 4
GO:0021895 cerebral cortex neuron differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuron residing in the cerebral cortex. 4
GO:0022010 central nervous system myelination The process in which neuronal axons and dendrites become coated with a segmented lipid-rich sheath (myelin) to enable faster and more energetically efficient conduction of electrical impulses. The sheath is formed by the cell membranes of oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system. Adjacent myelin segments are separated by a non-myelinated stretch of axon called a node of Ranvier. 4
GO:0048937 lateral line nerve glial cell development The process aimed at the progression of a lateral line glial cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. 4
GO:0014031 mesenchymal cell development The process aimed at the progression of a mesenchymal cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to its specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. 4
GO:0042463 ocellus photoreceptor cell development Development of photoreceptors, sensory cells that react to the presence of light, found in the ocellus. 4
GO:0003309 type B pancreatic cell differentiation The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of a type B pancreatic cell. A type B pancreatic cell is a cell located towards center of the islets of Langerhans that secretes insulin. 4
GO:0046663 dorsal closure, leading edge cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a leading edge cell, the dorsal-most cells of the epidermis that migrates during dorsal closure. 4
GO:0007304 chorion-containing eggshell formation The construction of a chorion-containing eggshell. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster. 3
GO:0030316 osteoclast differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized monocyte acquires the specialized features of an osteoclast. An osteoclast is a specialized phagocytic cell associated with the absorption and removal of the mineralized matrix of bone tissue. 3
GO:0060088 auditory receptor cell stereocilium organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a stereocilium. A stereocilium is an actin-based protrusion from the apical surface of auditory hair cells. 3
GO:0042490 mechanoreceptor differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a mechanoreceptor, a cell specialized to transduce mechanical stimuli and relay that information centrally in the nervous system. 3
GO:0044339 canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in osteoblast differentiation The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes involved in osteoblast differentiation. 3
GO:0007299 ovarian follicle cell-cell adhesion The attachment of a somatic follicle cell to another somatic follicle cell or to its substratum, the germline cells. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster. 3
GO:0003198 epithelial to mesenchymal transition involved in endocardial cushion formation A transition where a cardiac epithelial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell that will contribute to the formation of the endocardial cushion. 3
GO:0003311 pancreatic D cell differentiation The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and functional features that characterize a pancreatic delta cell. A delta cell is a cell of the pancreas that produces somatostatin. 3
GO:0031133 regulation of axon diameter Any process that modulates the rate, direction or extent of axon growth such that the correct diameter is attained and maintained. 3
GO:0072148 epithelial cell fate commitment The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into an epithelial cell. 3
GO:0072193 ureter smooth muscle cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a smooth muscle cell in the ureter. 3
GO:0072539 T-helper 17 cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized T cell acquires the specialized features of a T-helper 17 (Th17) cell. A Th17 cell is a CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell with the phenotype RORgamma-t-positive that produces IL-17. 3
GO:0070447 positive regulation of oligodendrocyte progenitor proliferation Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of oligodendrocyte progenitor proliferation. 3
GO:0048679 regulation of axon regeneration Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of axon regeneration. 3
GO:0048142 germarium-derived cystoblast division The four rounds of incomplete mitosis undergone by a cystoblast to form a 16-cell cyst of interconnected cells within a germarium. Within the cyst, one cell differentiates into an oocyte while the rest become nurse cells. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster. 3
GO:0055012 ventricular cardiac muscle cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a cardiac muscle cell. Cardiac muscle cells are striated muscle cells that are responsible for heart contraction. The ventricle is the part of the heart that pumps blood out of the organ. 3
GO:0044338 canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in mesenchymal stem cell differentiation The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes involved in mesenchymal stem cell differentiation. 3
GO:0035855 megakaryocyte development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a megakaryocyte cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Megakaryocyte development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a megakaryocyte fate. A megakaryocyte is a giant cell 50 to 100 micron in diameter, with a greatly lobulated nucleus, found in the bone marrow. 3
GO:0042386 hemocyte differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the characteristics of a mature hemocyte. Hemocytes are blood cells associated with a hemocoel (the cavity containing most of the major organs of the arthropod body) which are involved in defense and clotting of hemolymph, but not involved in transport of oxygen. 3
GO:0042551 neuron maturation A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a neuron to attain its fully functional state. 3
GO:0032120 ascospore-type prospore membrane assembly The process in which the nascent membrane forms at the meiotic outer plaque and grows until closure occurs and forespores, or prospores, are formed. 3
GO:0060020 Bergmann glial cell differentiation The process in which neuroepithelial cells of the neural tube give rise to Brgmann glial cells, specialized bipotential progenitors cells of the cerebellum. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate. 3
GO:0021861 forebrain radial glial cell differentiation The process in which neuroepithelial cells of the neural tube give rise to radial glial cells, specialized bipotential progenitors cells of the forebrain. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate. 3
GO:0097028 dendritic cell differentiation The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a dendritic cell. A dendritic cell is a leukocyte of dendritic lineage specialized in the uptake, processing, and transport of antigens to lymph nodes for the purpose of stimulating an immune response via T cell activation. 3
GO:0014038 regulation of Schwann cell differentiation Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Schwann cell differentiation. 3
GO:0033564 anterior/posterior axon guidance The process in which the migration of an axon growth cone is directed to a specific target site along the anterior-posterior body axis in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues. The anterior-posterior axis is defined by a line that runs from the head or mouth of an organism to the tail or opposite end of the organism. 3
GO:0048894 efferent axon development in a lateral line nerve The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an efferent axon in a lateral line nerve over time from its formation to the mature structure. This process includes axonogenesis and pathfinding of the efferent axons in any lateral line nerve. 3
GO:0014002 astrocyte development The process aimed at the progression of an astrocyte over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. An astrocyte is the most abundant type of glial cell. Astrocytes provide support for neurons and regulate the environment in which they function. 3
GO:0043936 asexual sporulation resulting in formation of a cellular spore The formation of a cellular spore derived from the products of mitosis. A cellular spore is a cell form that can be used for dissemination, for survival of adverse conditions because of its heat and dessication resistance, and/or for reproduction. 3
GO:0045059 positive thymic T cell selection The process of sparing immature T cells in the thymus which react with self-MHC protein complexes with low affinity levels from apoptotic death. 3
GO:0007288 sperm axoneme assembly The assembly and organization of the sperm flagellar axoneme, the bundle of microtubules and associated proteins that forms the core of the eukaryotic sperm flagellum, and is responsible for movement. 3
GO:0060838 lymphatic endothelial cell fate commitment The commitment of a venous blood vessel endothelial cell to a lymphatic endothelial cell fate and its capacity to differentiate into a lymphatic endothelial cell. 3
GO:0061317 canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in cardiac muscle cell fate commitment The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes. In this pathway, the activated receptor signals via downstream effectors that result in the inhibition of beta-catenin phosphorylation, thereby preventing degradation of beta-catenin and contributing to cardiac muscle cell fate commitment. Stabilized beta-catenin can then accumulate and travel to the nucleus to trigger changes in transcription of target genes. 3
GO:0035052 dorsal vessel aortic cell fate commitment The commitment of dorsal vessel cardioblast cells to an aortic cell fate and their capacity to differentiate into aortic cells. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster. 3
GO:0060997 dendritic spine morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of a dendritic spine are generated and organized. A dendritic spine is a protrusion from a dendrite and a specialized subcellular compartment involved in synaptic transmission. 3
GO:0045060 negative thymic T cell selection The process of elimination of immature T cells in the thymus which react strongly with self-antigens. 3
GO:0061452 retrotrapezoid nucleus neuron differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuron whose cell body resides in the retrotrapezoid nucleus. 3
GO:0045687 positive regulation of glial cell differentiation Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glia cell differentiation. 3
GO:0001555 oocyte growth The developmental growth process in which an oocyte irreversibly increases in size over time by accretion and biosynthetic production of matter similar to that already present. 3
GO:0048697 positive regulation of collateral sprouting in absence of injury Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of collateral sprouting in the absence of injury. 3
GO:0061028 establishment of endothelial barrier The establishment of a barrier between endothelial cell layers, such as those in the brain, lung or intestine, to exert specific and selective control over the passage of water and solutes, thus allowing formation and maintenance of compartments that differ in fluid and solute composition. 3
GO:0060217 hemangioblast cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the characteristics of a mature hemangioblast. Hemangioblasts are the proposed common precursor of blood and endothelial lineages. 3
GO:0007297 ovarian follicle cell migration The directed movement of an ovarian follicle cell that takes place during oogenesis. During egg chamber formation, follicle cells migrate to envelop the germ-line cysts and move in between cysts. At stage 10B, follicle cells migrate centripetally between the nurse cells and the oocyte, enclosing the anterior of the egg. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster. 3
GO:0021860 pyramidal neuron development The progression of a pyramidal neuron from its initial formation to its mature state. 3
GO:0060374 mast cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized myeloid precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a mast cell. A mast cell is a cell that is found in almost all tissues containing numerous basophilic granules and capable of releasing large amounts of histamine and heparin upon activation. 3
GO:1901166 neural crest cell migration involved in autonomic nervous system development Any neural crest cell migration that is involved in autonomic nervous system development. 3
GO:0016325 oocyte microtubule cytoskeleton organization Formation and maintenance of a polarized microtubule array originating from a microtubule-organizing center (MTOC) in the oocyte. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster. 3
GO:0042684 cardioblast cell fate commitment The process in which a cell becomes committed to becoming a cardioblast. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating. 3
GO:0045064 T-helper 2 cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized T cell acquires specialized features of a T-helper 2 (Th2) cell. A Th2 cell is a CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell that has the phenotype GATA-3-positive and produces interleukin-4. 3
GO:0035887 aortic smooth muscle cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a smooth muscle cell surrounding the aorta. 3
GO:0046549 retinal cone cell development Development of a cone cell, one of the sensory cells in the eye that reacts to the presence of light. Cone cells contain the photopigment iodopsin or cyanopsin and are responsible for photopic (daylight) vision. 3
GO:0045463 R8 cell development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the R8 photoreceptor over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The R8 photoreceptor is the founding receptor of each ommatidium. 3
GO:0002318 myeloid progenitor cell differentiation The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a myeloid progenitor cell. Myeloid progenitor cells include progenitor cells for any of the myeloid lineages. 3
GO:0070309 lens fiber cell morphogenesis The process in which the structures of a lens fiber cell are generated and organized. This process occurs while the initially relatively unspecialized cell is acquiring the specialized features of a lens fiber cell. A lens fiber cell is any of the elongated, tightly packed cells that make up the bulk of the mature lens in a camera-type eye. 3
GO:0090104 pancreatic epsilon cell differentiation The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and functional features of a pancreatic epsilon cell. A pancreatic epsilon cell is a cell in the pancreas that secretes ghrelin. 3
GO:0048601 oocyte morphogenesis The process in which the structures of an oocyte are generated and organized. This process occurs while the initially relatively unspecialized cell is acquiring the specialized features of an oocyte. 3
GO:0035170 lymph gland crystal cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized larval lymph gland-derived hemocyte precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a crystal cell. Crystal cells are a class of cells that contain crystalline inclusions and are involved in the melanization of pathogenic material in the hemolymph. 3
GO:0043369 CD4-positive or CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell lineage commitment The process in which an immature T cell commits to CD4-positive T cell lineage or the CD8-positive lineage of alpha-beta T cells. 3
GO:2000980 regulation of inner ear receptor cell differentiation Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of inner ear receptor cell differentiation. 3
GO:0001675 acrosome assembly The formation of the acrosome from the spermatid Golgi. 3
GO:2000978 negative regulation of forebrain neuron differentiation Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of forebrain neuron differentiation. 3
GO:0060998 regulation of dendritic spine development Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of dendritic spine development, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the dendritic spine over time, from its formation to the mature structure. 3
GO:0002521 leukocyte differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized hemopoietic precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a leukocyte. A leukocyte is an achromatic cell of the myeloid or lymphoid lineages capable of ameboid movement, found in blood or other tissue. 3
GO:0045201 maintenance of neuroblast polarity The maintenance of the apicobasal polarity of a neuroblast cell, a progenitor of the central nervous system. 3
GO:0046548 retinal rod cell development Development of a rod cell, one of the sensory cells in the eye that reacts to the presence of light. Rod cells contain the photopigment rhodopsin or porphyropsin and are responsible for vision in dim light. 2
GO:0048515 spermatid differentiation The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a spermatid over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. 2
GO:2000305 semaphorin-plexin signaling pathway involved in regulation of photoreceptor cell axon guidance Any semaphorin-plexin signaling pathway that is involved in regulation of photoreceptor cell axon guidance. 2
GO:0060319 primitive erythrocyte differentiation Erythrocyte differentiation which occurs as part of the process of primitive hemopoiesis. 2
GO:0046594 maintenance of pole plasm mRNA location The process of maintaining mRNA in a specific location in the oocyte pole plasm. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster. 2
GO:0033292 T-tubule organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level that results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the T-tubule. A T-tubule is an invagination of the plasma membrane of a muscle cell that extends inward from the cell surface around each myofibril. 2
GO:0045678 positive regulation of R7 cell differentiation Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of R7 cell differentiation. 2
GO:0030183 B cell differentiation The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a B cell. A B cell is a lymphocyte of B lineage with the phenotype CD19-positive and capable of B cell mediated immunity. 2
GO:0008069 dorsal/ventral axis specification, ovarian follicular epithelium Polarization of the ovarian follicle cells along the dorsal/ventral axis. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster. 2
GO:0060979 vasculogenesis involved in coronary vascular morphogenesis The differentiation of endothelial cells from progenitor cells that contributes to blood vessel development in the heart, and the de novo formation of blood vessels and tubes. 2
GO:0003257 positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in myocardial precursor cell differentiation Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter that contributes to the differentiation of a myocardial precursor cell. 2
GO:0030223 neutrophil differentiation The process in which a myeloid precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a neutrophil. 2
GO:0060486 Clara cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a Clara cell. A Clara cell is an unciliated epithelial cell found in the respiratory and terminal bronchioles. 2
GO:0060707 trophoblast giant cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a trophoblast giant cell of the placenta. Trophoblast giant cells are the cell of the placenta that line the maternal decidua. 2
GO:0035321 maintenance of imaginal disc-derived wing hair orientation Ensuring that hairs in the imaginal disc-derived wing continue to point distally during development, following the initial establishment of wing hair polarity. 2
GO:0060318 definitive erythrocyte differentiation Erythrocyte differentiation which occurs as part of the process of definitive hemopoiesis. 2
GO:0061101 neuroendocrine cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a neuroendocrine cell. A neuroendocrine cell is a cell that receives input form a neuron which controls the secretion of an endocrine substance. 2
GO:0009560 embryo sac egg cell differentiation The process in which an uncellularized embryo sac nucleus cellularizes and acquires the specialized features of an egg cell. An example of this process is found in Arabidopsis thaliana. 2
GO:0021897 forebrain astrocyte development The process aimed at the progression of an astrocyte that resides in the forebrain, from initial commitment of the cell to its fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. An astrocyte is the most abundant type of glial cell. Astrocytes provide support for neurons and regulate the environment in which they function. 2
GO:0072149 glomerular visceral epithelial cell fate commitment The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a glomerular visceral epithelial cell. A glomerular visceral epithelial cell is a specialized epithelial cell that contains "feet" that interdigitate with the "feet" of other glomerular epithelial cells. 2
GO:0060561 apoptotic process involved in morphogenesis Any apoptotic process that contributes to the shaping of an anatomical structure. 2
GO:0060849 regulation of transcription involved in lymphatic endothelial cell fate commitment Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter that contributes to the commitment of a venous endothelial cell to a lymphatic endothelial cell. 2
GO:0002244 hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation The process in which precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a hematopoietic progenitor cell, a class of cell types including myeloid progenitor cells and lymphoid progenitor cells. 2
GO:0042688 crystal cell differentiation The process in which a hemocyte precursor cell acquires the characteristics of a crystal cell, a class of cells that contain crystalline inclusions and are involved in the melanization of pathogenic material in the hemolymph. 2
GO:0007414 axonal defasciculation Separation of axons away from a bundle of axons known as a fascicle. 2
GO:0045464 R8 cell fate specification The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an R8 cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed. 2
GO:0009994 oocyte differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized immature germ cell acquires the specialized features of a mature female gamete. 2
GO:0060706 cell differentiation involved in embryonic placenta development The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of the embryonic placenta. 2
GO:0060040 retinal bipolar neuron differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a bipolar cell, the last neuron to be generated in the retina. 2
GO:0045061 thymic T cell selection The process of T cell selection that occurs in the thymus. 2
GO:0070073 clustering of voltage-gated calcium channels The process in which voltage-gated calcium channels become localized together in high densities. 2
GO:0036099 female germ-line stem cell maintenance Any process involved in preventing uncommitted germ-line stem cells in the female gonad from differentiating as another cell type. 2
GO:0071679 commissural neuron axon guidance The process in which the migration of an axon growth cone of a commissural neuron is directed to its target in the brain in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues. 2
GO:0045315 positive regulation of compound eye photoreceptor development Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of compound eye photoreceptor development. 2
GO:0003130 BMP signaling pathway involved in heart induction A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a member of the BMP (bone morphogenetic protein) family to a receptor on the surface of a target cell, which contributes to heart induction. 2
GO:0045162 clustering of voltage-gated sodium channels The process in which voltage-gated sodium channels become localized together in high densities. In animals, nodes of Ranvier differ dramatically from internodal axonal regions in very high densities of voltage-dependent sodium (Nav) channels responsible for the rapid, inward ionic currents that produce membrane depolarization. 2
GO:0007415 defasciculation of motor neuron axon Separation of a motor axon away from a bundle of axons known as a fascicle. 2
GO:0097084 vascular smooth muscle cell development The process aimed at the progression of a vascular smooth muscle cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. A vascular smooth muscle cell is a non-striated, elongated, spindle-shaped cell found lining the blood vessels. 2
GO:0046530 photoreceptor cell differentiation The specialization of organization of a photoreceptor, a cell that responds to incident electromagnetic radiation, particularly visible light. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster. 2
GO:0070444 oligodendrocyte progenitor proliferation The multiplication or reproduction of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells by cell division, resulting in the expansion of their population. Oligodendrocyte progenitors give rise to oligodendrocytes, which form the insulating myelin sheath of axons in the central nervous system. 2
GO:0048674 collateral sprouting of injured axon The process resulting in reformation of a growth cone by the tip of an injured axon, or in collateral sprouting of the axon. Collateral sprouting is the process in which outgrowths develop from the shafts of existing axons. 2
GO:0055005 ventricular cardiac myofibril development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ventricular cardiac myofibril over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A cardiac myofibril is a myofibril specific to cardiac muscle cells. 2
GO:0003310 pancreatic A cell differentiation The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and functional features of a pancreatic A cell. A pancreatic A cell is a cell in the pancreas that secretes glucagon. 2
GO:0060510 Type II pneumocyte differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a Type II pneumocyte. A Type II pneumocyte is a surfactant secreting cell that contains abundant cytoplasm containing numerous lipid-rich multilamellar bodies. 2
GO:0046552 photoreceptor cell fate commitment The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a photoreceptor cell. A photoreceptor cell is a cell that responds to incident electromagnetic radiation. Different classes of photoreceptor have different spectral sensitivities and express different photosensitive pigments. 2
GO:0001885 endothelial cell development The progression of an endothelial cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. 2
GO:0007289 spermatid nucleus differentiation The specialization of the spermatid nucleus during the development of a spermatid into a mature male gamete competent for fertilization. 2
GO:0060220 camera-type eye photoreceptor cell fate commitment The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a photoreceptor cell in a camera-type eye. 2
GO:0021524 visceral motor neuron differentiation The process in which neuroepithelial cells in the neural tube acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of visceral motor neurons. Visceral motor neurons innervate glandular targets and are responsible for transmission of motor impulses from the brain to the periphery. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate. 2
GO:0007306 eggshell chorion assembly Construction of the chorion portion of the eggshell, which comprises the channels for gas exchange in an insect eggshell. 2
GO:0051145 smooth muscle cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a smooth muscle cell; smooth muscle lacks transverse striations in its constituent fibers and are almost always involuntary. 2
GO:0021847 ventricular zone neuroblast division The proliferation of neuroblasts in the ventricular zone of the cerebral cortex. The neuronal progenitors of these cells will migrate radially. 2
GO:0060803 BMP signaling pathway involved in mesodermal cell fate specification A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a member of the BMP (bone morphogenetic protein) family to a receptor on the surface of a target cell, which contributes to a cell becoming specified to adopt a mesodermal fate. 2
GO:0021540 corpus callosum morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of the corpus callosum are generated and organized. The corpus callosum is a thick bundle of nerve fibers comprising a commissural plate connecting the two cerebral hemispheres. It consists of contralateral axon projections that provides communications between the right and left cerebral hemispheres. 2
GO:0060956 endocardial cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of an endocardial cell. An endocardial cell is a specialized endothelial cell that makes up the endocardium portion of the heart. The endocardium is the innermost layer of tissue of the heart, and lines the heart chambers. 2
GO:0001712 ectodermal cell fate commitment The cell differentiation process that results in commitment of a cell to become part of the ectoderm. 2
GO:0035845 photoreceptor cell outer segment organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level and results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the outer segment of a photoreceptor cell, a sensory cell that reacts to the presence of light. The outer segment of the photoreceptor cell contains the light-absorbing materials. 2
GO:0060509 Type I pneumocyte differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a Type I pneumocyte. A type I pneumocyte is a flattened cell with greatly attenuated cytoplasm and a paucity of organelles. 2
GO:0009957 epidermal cell fate specification The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an epidermal cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed. 2
GO:0060923 cardiac muscle cell fate commitment The commitment of cells to specific cardiac muscle cell fates and their capacity to differentiate into cardiac muscle cells. Cardiac muscle cells are striated muscle cells that are responsible for heart contraction. 2
GO:0021520 spinal cord motor neuron cell fate specification The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a motor neuron in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway. 2
GO:0030709 border follicle cell delamination The delamination process that results in the splitting off of border cells from the anterior epithelium, prior to border cell migration. 2
GO:0001830 trophectodermal cell fate commitment The cell fate commitment of precursor cells that will become trophectoderm cells. 2
GO:0060576 intestinal epithelial cell development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell of the intestine over time, from its formation to the mature structure. 2
GO:0030719 P granule organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of polar granules, cytoplasmic, non-membranous RNA/protein complex aggregates in the primordial germ cells of many higher eukaryotes. 2
GO:0048053 R1/R6 development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the R1 and R6 pair of photoreceptors in the eye over time, from their formation to the mature structures. R1 and R6 are paired photoreceptors that contribute to the outer rhabdomeres. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster. 2
GO:0002329 pre-B cell differentiation The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a pre-B cell. Pre-B cells follow the pro-B cell stage of immature B cell differentiation and undergo rearrangement of heavy chain V, D, and J gene segments. 2
GO:0035153 epithelial cell type specification, open tracheal system Allocation of epithelial cells within each migrating branch in an open tracheal system to distinct tracheal cell fates. During the migration phase each branch forms a well-defined number of cell types (including fusion cells, terminal cells and branch cells) at precise positions. 2
GO:0019094 pole plasm mRNA localization Any process in which mRNA is transported to, or maintained in, the oocyte pole plasm. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster. 2
GO:0008065 establishment of blood-nerve barrier The establishment of the barrier between the perineurium of peripheral nerves and the vascular endothelium of endoneurial capillaries. The perineurium acts as a diffusion barrier, but ion permeability at the blood-nerve barrier is still higher than at the blood-brain barrier. 2
GO:0032287 peripheral nervous system myelin maintenance The process in which the structure and material content of mature peripheral nervous system myelin is kept in a functional state. 1
GO:0010626 negative regulation of Schwann cell proliferation Any process that decreases the frequency or extent of the multiplication or reproduction of Schwann cells, resulting in the expansion of their population. Schwann cells are a type of glial cell in the peripheral nervous system. 1
GO:0060931 sinoatrial node cell development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a sinoatrial (SA) node cell over time, from its formation to the mature state. SA node cells are pacemaker cells that are found in the sinoatrial node. 1
GO:0045608 negative regulation of auditory receptor cell differentiation Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of auditory hair cell differentiation. 1
GO:0030716 oocyte fate determination The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an oocyte cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed. 1
GO:0035311 wing cell fate specification The process in which a cell in the larval wing imaginal disc becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a wing cell, if left in its normal environment. 1
GO:0046845 branched duct epithelial cell fate determination, open tracheal system Allocation of a set number of cells to each primary branch in an open tracheal system, prior to the onset of cell migration. This establishes different domains of cells within the tracheal placode. 1
GO:0048680 positive regulation of axon regeneration Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of axon regeneration. 1
GO:0048170 positive regulation of long-term neuronal synaptic plasticity A process that increases long-term neuronal synaptic plasticity, the ability of neuronal synapses to change long-term as circumstances require. Long-term neuronal synaptic plasticity generally involves increase or decrease in actual synapse numbers. 1
GO:0035886 vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a vascular smooth muscle cell. 1
GO:0048924 posterior lateral line neuromast mantle cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a posterior lateral line neuromast mantle cell. (N.B. This may be development of neuromast mantle cell type or a set of cells of neuromast mantle cell type. This will involve the change of a cell or set of cells from one cell identity to another). Mantle cells are non-sensory cells that surround the sensory strip, separating the neuromast from the epidermis. Mantle cells secrete the cupula in which the ciliary bundles of all of the hair cells are embedded. 1
GO:0007425 epithelial cell fate determination, open tracheal system The cell fate determination process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an epithelial cell within an open tracheal system regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed. Tracheal cells are set aside as 10 clusters of approximately 80 cells on each side of the embryo (termed tracheal placodes). An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster. 1
GO:0048914 myelination of anterior lateral line nerve axons The formation of compact myelin sheaths around the axons of the anterior lateral line nerve. 1
GO:0060581 cell fate commitment involved in pattern specification The commitment of cells to specific cell fates and their capacity to differentiate into particular kinds of cells within a field of cells that will exhibit a certain pattern of differentiation. Positional information is established through protein signals that emanate from a localized source within a developmental field resulting in specification of a cell type. Those signals are then interpreted in a cell-autonomous manner resulting in the determination of the cell type. 1
GO:0043374 CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized T cell acquires specialized features of a mature CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell. 1
GO:0048932 myelination of posterior lateral line nerve axons The formation of compact myelin sheaths around the axons of the posterior lateral line nerve. 1
GO:0055060 asymmetric neuroblast division resulting in ganglion mother cell formation Any process resulting in the physical partitioning and separation of a neuroblast into a neuroblast and a ganglion mother cell. 1
GO:0021957 corticospinal tract morphogenesis Generation of a long process of a pyramidal cell, that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body in cerebral cortex layer V towards target cells in the gray matter of the spinal cord. This axonal process is a member of those that make up the corticospinal tract. 1
GO:0061141 lung ciliated cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a lung ciliated cell. A lung ciliated cell is a specialized lung epithelial cell that contains a motile cilium for moving substances released from lung secretory cells. 1
GO:0021889 olfactory bulb interneuron differentiation The process in which a neuroblast acquires specialized features of an interneuron residing in the olfactory bulb. 1
GO:0048371 lateral mesodermal cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a lateral mesoderm cell. 1
GO:0072240 metanephric DCT cell differentiation The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the distal convoluted tubule cells of the metanephros as it progresses from its formation to the mature state. 1
GO:0001711 endodermal cell fate commitment The cell differentiation process that results in commitment of a cell to become part of the endoderm. 1
GO:0045685 regulation of glial cell differentiation Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glia cell differentiation. 1
GO:0002572 pro-T cell differentiation The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a pro-T cell. Pro-T cells are the earliest stage of the T cell lineage but are not fully committed. 1
GO:0021531 spinal cord radial glial cell differentiation The process in which neuroepithelial cells in the ventral neural tube acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of radial glial cells. Radial cell precursors differentiate into both neuronal cell types and mature radial glial cells. Mature radial glial cells regulate the axon growth and pathfinding processes that occur during white matter patterning of the developing spinal cord. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate. 1
GO:0097154 GABAergic neuron differentiation The process in which a neuroblast acquires the specialized structural and functional features of a GABAergic neuron. 1
GO:0035779 angioblast cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of an angioblast cell. Angioblasts are one of the two products formed from hemangioblast cells (the other being pluripotent hemopoietic stem cells). 1
GO:0072311 glomerular epithelial cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a glomerular epithelial cell. Glomerular epithelial cells are specialized epithelial cells that form part of the glomerulus; there are two types, glomerular parietal epithelial cells and glomerular visceral epithelial cells. 1
GO:0060528 secretory columnal luminar epithelial cell differentiation involved in prostate glandular acinus development The process in which a relatively unspecialized epithelial cell acquires specialized features of a secretory columnal luminar epithelial cell of the prostate. 1
GO:0021529 spinal cord oligodendrocyte cell differentiation The process in which neuroepithelial cells in the neural tube acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of oligodendrocytes. Oligodendrocytes are non-neuronal cells. The primary function of oligodendrocytes is the myelination of nerve axons in the central nervous system. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate. 1
GO:0002328 pro-B cell differentiation The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a pro-B cell. Pro-B cells are the earliest stage of the B cell lineage and undergo heavy chain D and J gene rearrangements, although they are not fully committed. 1
GO:0046595 establishment of pole plasm mRNA localization Any process that results in the directed movement of mRNA to the oocyte pole plasm. 1
GO:0030219 megakaryocyte differentiation The process in which a myeloid precursor cell acquires specializes features of a megakaryocyte. 1
GO:0048923 posterior lateral line neuromast hair cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a posterior lateral line neuromast hair cell. (N.B. This may be development of neuromast hair cell type or a set of cell of neuromast hair cell type. This will involve the change of a cell or set of cells from one cell identity to another). Hair cells are the sensory receptors of the neuromast and are located in a portion of the neuromast called the sensory strip. Each hair cell of the neuromast is morphologically polarized as a result of the relative position of the single kinocilium and the clusters of stereocilia on its apical surface. There are approximately seven hair cells within each neuromast, with each hair cell innervated by afferent and efferent neurons. 1
GO:0048343 paraxial mesodermal cell fate commitment The process in which a cell becomes committed to become a paraxial mesoderm cell. 1
GO:0061445 endocardial cushion cell fate commitment The commitment of a cell to an endocardial cushion cell fate and its capacity to differentiate into an endocardial cushion cell. 1
GO:0007462 R1/R6 cell fate commitment The process in which the R1/R6 photoreceptors commit to their cell fate. R1 and R6 are paired photoreceptors which contribute the outer rhabdomeres. 1
GO:0016198 axon choice point recognition The recognition of molecules at a choice point by an axon growth cone; at a choice point the growth cone determines the direction of its future growth. 1
GO:0061382 Malpighian tubule tip cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a Malpighian tubule tip cell. A Malpighian tubule tip cell is a mitogenic signaling cell that controls the proliferation of its neighboring cells. 1
GO:0021836 chemorepulsion involved in postnatal olfactory bulb interneuron migration The creation and reception of signals that repel olfactory bulb interneurons from the subventricular zone as a component process in tangential migration. 1
GO:0060898 eye field cell fate commitment involved in camera-type eye formation The commitment of neurectodermal cells to cells of the eye field and their capacity to differentiate into eye field cells. Eye field cells are neurectodermal cells that will form the optic placode. 1
GO:0009912 auditory receptor cell fate commitment The process in which the cellular identity of auditory hair cells is acquired and determined. 1
GO:0060844 arterial endothelial cell fate commitment The commitment of a cell to an arterial endothelial cell fate and its capacity to differentiate into an arterial endothelial cell. 1
GO:0035165 embryonic crystal cell differentiation The process in which an embryonic mesoderm-derived hemocyte precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a crystal cell. Crystal cells are a class of cells that contain crystalline inclusions and are involved in the melanization of pathogenic material in the hemolymph. 1
GO:2000820 negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in smooth muscle cell differentiation Any negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter that is involved in smooth muscle cell differentiation. 1
GO:0097101 blood vessel endothelial cell fate specification The process involved in the specification of identity of a blood vessel endothelial cell. Once specification has taken place, a cell will be committed to differentiate down a specific pathway if left in its normal environment. A blood vessel endothelial cell is an endothelial cell of the vascular tree, which includes blood vessels and lymphatic vessels. 1
GO:0043011 myeloid dendritic cell differentiation The process in which a monocyte acquires the specialized features of a dendritic cell, an immunocompetent cell of the lymphoid and hemopoietic systems and skin. 1
GO:0021862 early neuron differentiation in forebrain The process in which neuroepithelial cells in the neural tube acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of neurons. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate. 1
GO:0060809 mesodermal to mesenchymal transition involved in gastrulation The epithelial to mesenchymal transition process in which a mesodermal cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell as part of the process of gastrulation. 1
GO:0010026 trichome differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized epidermal cell acquires the specialized features of a trichome cell. An example of this process is found in Arabidopsis thaliana. 1
GO:0048681 negative regulation of axon regeneration Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of axon regeneration. 1
GO:0001828 inner cell mass cellular morphogenesis The morphogenesis of cells in the inner cell mass. 1
GO:0061030 epithelial cell differentiation involved in mammary gland alveolus development The process in which a relatively unspecialized epithelial cell becomes a more specialized epithelial cell of the mammary gland alveolus. 1
GO:0042706 eye photoreceptor cell fate commitment The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into an eye photoreceptor cell. A photoreceptor cell is a cell that responds to incident electromagnetic radiation. Different classes of photoreceptor have different spectral sensitivities and express different photosensitive pigments. 1
GO:0060742 epithelial cell differentiation involved in prostate gland development The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an epithelial cell of the prostate gland. 1
GO:0014902 myotube differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a myotube cell. Myotube differentiation starts with myoblast fusion and the appearance of specific cell markers (this is the cell development step). Then individual myotubes can fuse to form bigger myotubes and start to contract. Myotubes are multinucleated cells that are formed when proliferating myoblasts exit the cell cycle, differentiate and fuse. 1
GO:0003167 atrioventricular bundle cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a cell of the atrioventricular bundle. These cells are specialized cardiomyocytes that transmit signals from the AV node to the cardiac Purkinje fibers. 1
GO:0048677 axon extension involved in regeneration Long distance growth of a single axon process involved in regeneration of the neuron. 1
GO:0060317 cardiac epithelial to mesenchymal transition A transition where a cardiac epithelial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell. 1
GO:0030851 granulocyte differentiation The process in which a myeloid precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a granulocyte. Granulocytes are a class of leukocytes characterized by the presence of granules in their cytoplasm. These cells are active in allergic immune reactions such as arthritic inflammation and rashes. This class includes basophils, eosinophils and neutrophils. 1
GO:0060019 radial glial cell differentiation The process in which neuroepithelial cells of the neural tube give rise to radial glial cells, specialized bipotential progenitors cells of the brain. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate. 1
GO:0007313 maternal specification of dorsal/ventral axis, oocyte, soma encoded Polarization of the oocyte along the dorsal-ventral axis, by a gene product encoded by somatic cells. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster. 1
GO:0060117 auditory receptor cell development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an auditory receptor cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a specific fate. 1
GO:0035169 lymph gland plasmatocyte differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized larval lymph gland-derived hemocyte precursor cell acquires the specialized features of the phagocytic blood-cell type, the plasmatocyte. 1
GO:0010091 trichome branching Any process involved in the formation of branches in plant hair cells. An example of this process is found in Arabidopsis thaliana. 1
GO:0097374 sensory neuron axon guidance The process in which the migration of an axon growth cone of a sensory neuron is directed to a specific target site in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues. A sensory neuron is an afferent neuron conveying sensory impulses. 1
GO:0060126 somatotropin secreting cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a somatotropin secreting cell. A somatotropin secreting cell is an acidophilic cell of the anterior pituitary that produces growth hormone, somatotropin. 1
GO:0046632 alpha-beta T cell differentiation The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of an alpha-beta T cell. An alpha-beta T cell is a T cell that expresses an alpha-beta T cell receptor complex. 1
GO:2000721 positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in smooth muscle cell differentiation Any positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter that is involved in smooth muscle cell differentiation. 1
GO:0060385 axonogenesis involved in innervation The neurite development process that generates a long process of a neuron, as it invades a target tissue. 1
GO:0002071 glandular epithelial cell maturation The developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a glandular epithelial cell to attain its fully functional state. A glandular epithelial cell is a columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell is a cell found in a two dimensional sheet with a free surface exposed to the lumen of a gland. 1
GO:0045677 negative regulation of R7 cell differentiation Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of R7cell differentiation. 1
GO:0072141 renal interstitial cell development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a renal interstitial cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. 1
GO:0014904 myotube cell development The process aimed at the progression of a myotube cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. Myotubes are multinucleated cells that are formed when proliferating myoblasts exit the cell cycle, differentiate and fuse. 1
GO:0043366 beta selection The process in which successful recombination of a T cell receptor beta chain into a translatable protein coding sequence leads to rescue from apoptosis and subsequent proliferation of an immature T cell. 1
GO:0002573 myeloid leukocyte differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized myeloid precursor cell acquires the specialized features of any cell of the myeloid leukocyte lineage. 1
GO:0060563 neuroepithelial cell differentiation The process in which epiblast cells acquire specialized features of neuroepithelial cells. 1
GO:0036035 osteoclast development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a osteoclast from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a specific fate. An osteoclast is a specialized phagocytic cell associated with the absorption and removal of the mineralized matrix of bone tissue. 1
GO:0002320 lymphoid progenitor cell differentiation The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a lymphoid progenitor cell. Lymphoid progenitor cells include progenitor cells for any of the lymphoid lineages. 1
GO:0060062 Spemann organizer formation at the dorsal lip of the blastopore Formation of the specialized region at the dorsal lip of the blatopore of the embryo that acts as the main signaling center establishing the vertebrate body plan. 1
GO:0035164 embryonic plasmatocyte differentiation The process in which an embryonic mesoderm-derived hemocyte precursor cell acquires the specialized features of the phagocytic blood-cell type, the plasmatocyte. 1
GO:0061309 cardiac neural crest cell development involved in outflow tract morphogenesis The process aimed at the progression of a cardiac neural crest cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to its specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell that contributes to the shaping of the outflow tract. 1
GO:0048135 female germ-line cyst formation Formation of a group of interconnected cells derived from a single female gonial founder cell. 1
GO:0045872 positive regulation of rhodopsin gene expression Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of rhodopsin gene expression. 1
GO:0007510 cardioblast cell fate determination The cell fate determination process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a cardioblast cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating. 1
GO:0014016 neuroblast differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuroblast. There are at least four stages through which the pluripotent cells of epiblast or blastula become neuroblasts. 1
GO:0048773 erythrophore differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an erythrophore cell. Erythrophores are pigment cells derived from the neural crest. They contain pteridine and/or carotenoid pigments in structures called pterinosomes or erythrosomes. This gives them an orange to red appearance. 1
GO:0048588 developmental cell growth The growth of a cell, where growth contributes to the progression of the cell over time from one condition to another. 1
GO:0072560 type B pancreatic cell maturation A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a type B pancreatic cell to attain its fully functional state. A type B pancreatic cell is a cell located towards center of the islets of Langerhans that secretes insulin. 1
GO:0002335 mature B cell differentiation The process in which transitional stage B cells acquire the specialized features of mature B cells in the spleen. 1
GO:0042668 auditory receptor cell fate determination The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an auditory hair cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed. 1
GO:0043367 CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized T cell acquires specialized features of a mature CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell. 1
GO:0035092 sperm chromatin condensation The progressive compaction of the spermatid chromatin so that it reaches a level of condensation that is not compatible with nuclear activities such as transcription or DNA replication. 1
GO:0021530 spinal cord oligodendrocyte cell fate specification The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an oligodendrocyte in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway. 1
GO:0061003 positive regulation of dendritic spine morphogenesis Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of dendritic spine morphogenesis, the process in which the anatomical structures of a dendritic spine are generated and organized. A dendritic spine is a protrusion from a dendrite and a specialized subcellular compartment involved in synaptic transmission. 1
GO:0001886 endothelial cell morphogenesis The change in form (cell shape and size) that occurs during the differentiation of an endothelial cell. 1
GO:0035154 terminal cell fate specification, open tracheal system The process in which a cell in an open tracheal system becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a terminal cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed. Terminal cells send long and bifurcated hollow branches toward target tissues to allow oxygen exchange. 1
GO:0030221 basophil differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized myeloid precursor cell acquires specialized features of a basophil cell. 1
GO:0003384 apical constriction involved in gastrulation The actin-mediated process that results in the contraction of the apical end of a polarized columnar epithelial cell, contributing to the process of gastrulation. 1
GO:0021877 forebrain neuron fate commitment The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a neuron that resides in the forebrain. 1
GO:0072249 metanephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a metanephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A metanephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell is a specialized epithelial cell that contains "feet" that interdigitate with the "feet" of other glomerular epithelial cells in the metanephros. 1
GO:0045450 bicoid mRNA localization Any process in which bicoid mRNA is transported to and maintained within the oocyte as part of the specification of the anterior/posterior axis. 1
GO:0031128 developmental induction Signaling at short range between cells or tissues of different ancestry and developmental potential that results in one cell or tissue effecting a developmental change in the other. 1
GO:0001410 chlamydospore formation The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the chlamydospore over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A chlamydospores is a mitotic (asexual) one-celled spore, produced primarily for survival, not dispersal, originating endogenously and singly within part of a pre-existing cell and possessing an inner secondary and often thickened cell wall. An example of this is found in Candida albicans. 1
GO:0060983 epicardium-derived cardiac vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell derived from the epicardium acquires specialized features of a cardiac vascular smooth muscle cell. A cardiac vascular smooth muscle cell covers the heart vasculature and lacks transverse striations in its constituent fibers. 1
GO:0002066 columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell is a cell usually found in a two dimensional sheet with a free surface. Columnar/cuboidal epithelial cells take on the shape of a column or cube. 1
GO:0048933 afferent axon development in posterior lateral line nerve The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an afferent axon in the posterior lateral line nerve over time from its formation to the mature structure. This process includes axonogenesis and pathfinding of the afferent axons in the posterior lateral line nerve. 1
GO:0060127 prolactin secreting cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a prolactin secreting cell. A prolactin secreting cell is an acidophilic cell of the anterior pituitary that produces prolactin. 1
GO:0045607 regulation of auditory receptor cell differentiation Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of auditory hair cell differentiation. 1
GO:0055057 neuroblast division The process resulting in the physical partitioning and separation of a neuroblast into daughter cells. A neuroblast is any cell that will divide and give rise to a neuron. 1
GO:0048625 myoblast fate commitment The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a myoblast. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers. 1
GO:0014012 peripheral nervous system axon regeneration The regrowth of axons outside the central nervous system (outside the brain and spinal cord) following an axonal injury. 1
GO:0014017 neuroblast fate commitment The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will differentiate into a neuroblast. 1
GO:0048929 efferent axon development in posterior lateral line nerve The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an efferent axon in the posterior lateral line nerve over time from its formation to the mature structure. This process includes axonogenesis and pathfinding of the efferent axons in the posterior lateral line nerve. 1
GO:0045873 negative regulation of sevenless signaling pathway Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the sevenless signaling pathway. 1
GO:0035163 embryonic hemocyte differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell derived from the embryonic head mesoderm acquires the specialized features of a mature hemocyte. Hemocytes are blood cells associated with a hemocoel (the cavity containing most of the major organs of the arthropod body) which are involved in defense and clotting of hemolymph, but not involved in transport of oxygen. 1
GO:0045168 cell-cell signaling involved in cell fate commitment Signaling at long or short range between cells that results in the commitment of a cell to a certain fate. 1
GO:0060842 arterial endothelial cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized endothelial cell acquires specialized features of an arterial endothelial cell, a thin flattened cell that lines the inside surfaces of arteries. 1
GO:0001826 inner cell mass cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an inner cell mass cell. 1
GO:0048333 mesodermal cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a mesoderm cell. 1
GO:0035881 amacrine cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an amacrine cell, an interneuron generated in the inner nuclear layer (INL) of the vertebrate retina. Amacrine cells integrate, modulate, and interpose a temporal domain in the visual message presented to the retinal ganglion cells, with which they synapse in the inner plexiform layer. Amacrine cells lack large axons. 1
GO:0048133 male germ-line stem cell division The self-renewing division of a germline stem cell in the male gonad, to produce a daughter stem cell and a daughter germ cell, which will divide to form the male gametes. 1
GO:0021519 spinal cord association neuron specification The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an association neuron in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway. 1
GO:1900006 positive regulation of dendrite development Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of dendrite development. 1
GO:0060807 regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in definitive endodermal cell fate specification Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter that ultimately results in a cell being specified to adopt a definitive endodermal cell fate. 1
GO:0043249 erythrocyte maturation A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for an erythrocyte to attain its fully functional state. 1
GO:0021526 medial motor column neuron differentiation The process in which differentiating motor neurons in the neural tube acquire the specialized structural and/or functional features of medial motor column neurons. Medial motor column neurons are generated at all rostrocaudal levels and send axons to the axial muscles (medial group) and to the body wall muscles (lateral group). Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate. 1
GO:0035646 endosome to melanosome transport The directed movement of substances from endosomes to the melanosome, a specialised lysosome-related organelle. 1
GO:0060479 lung cell differentiation The process in which relatively unspecialized cells, e.g. embryonic or regenerative cells, acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of a mature cell found in the lung. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate. 1
GO:0007315 pole plasm assembly Establishment of the specialized cytoplasm found at the poles of the egg. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster. 1