Go terms map to parent GO term: GO:0043226   organelle
GOID
Link to GO
 Functional Category Description Protein Count
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protein list
GO:0005634 nucleus A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent. 1262
GO:0005739 mitochondrion A semiautonomous, self replicating organelle that occurs in varying numbers, shapes, and sizes in the cytoplasm of virtually all eukaryotic cells. It is notably the site of tissue respiration. 1083
GO:0005794 Golgi apparatus A compound membranous cytoplasmic organelle of eukaryotic cells, consisting of flattened, ribosome-free vesicles arranged in a more or less regular stack. The Golgi apparatus differs from the endoplasmic reticulum in often having slightly thicker membranes, appearing in sections as a characteristic shallow semicircle so that the convex side (cis or entry face) abuts the endoplasmic reticulum, secretory vesicles emerging from the concave side (trans or exit face). In vertebrate cells there is usually one such organelle, while in invertebrates and plants, where they are known usually as dictyosomes, there may be several scattered in the cytoplasm. The Golgi apparatus processes proteins produced on the ribosomes of the rough endoplasmic reticulum; such processing includes modification of the core oligosaccharides of glycoproteins, and the sorting and packaging of proteins for transport to a variety of cellular locations. Three different regions of the Golgi are now recognized both in terms of structure and function: cis, in the vicinity of the cis face, trans, in the vicinity of the trans face, and medial, lying between the cis and trans regions. 737
GO:0005783 endoplasmic reticulum The irregular network of unit membranes, visible only by electron microscopy, that occurs in the cytoplasm of many eukaryotic cells. The membranes form a complex meshwork of tubular channels, which are often expanded into slitlike cavities called cisternae. The ER takes two forms, rough (or granular), with ribosomes adhering to the outer surface, and smooth (with no ribosomes attached). 515
GO:0043231 intracellular membrane-bounded organelle Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, bounded by a single or double lipid bilayer membrane and occurring within the cell. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, and vesicles. Excludes the plasma membrane. 506
GO:0044446 intracellular organelle part A constituent part of an intracellular organelle, an organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, occurring within the cell. Includes constituent parts of the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton but excludes the plasma membrane. 296
GO:0030018 Z disc Platelike region of a muscle sarcomere to which the plus ends of actin filaments are attached. 200
GO:0005768 endosome A membrane-bounded organelle to which materials ingested by endocytosis are delivered. 181
GO:0043232 intracellular non-membrane-bounded organelle Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, not bounded by a lipid bilayer membrane and occurring within the cell. Includes ribosomes, the cytoskeleton and chromosomes. 178
GO:0005802 trans-Golgi network The network of interconnected tubular and cisternal structures located at the side of the Golgi apparatus distal to the endoplasmic reticulum, from which secretory vesicles emerge. The trans-Golgi network is important in the later stages of protein secretion where it is thought to play a key role in the sorting and targeting of secreted proteins to the correct destination. 145
GO:0005773 vacuole A closed structure, found only in eukaryotic cells, that is completely surrounded by unit membrane and contains liquid material. Cells contain one or several vacuoles, that may have different functions from each other. Vacuoles have a diverse array of functions. They can act as a storage organelle for nutrients or waste products, as a degradative compartment, as a cost-effective way of increasing cell size, and as a homeostatic regulator controlling both turgor pressure and pH of the cytosol. 145
GO:0031672 A band The dark-staining region of a sarcomere, in which myosin thick filaments are present; the center is traversed by the paler H zone, which in turn contains the M line. 127
GO:0070062 extracellular vesicular exosome A membrane-bounded vesicle that is released into the extracellular region by fusion of the limiting endosomal membrane of a multivesicular body with the plasma membrane. 118
GO:0005777 peroxisome A small organelle enclosed by a single membrane, and found in most eukaryotic cells. Contains peroxidases and other enzymes involved in a variety of metabolic processes including free radical detoxification, lipid catabolism and biosynthesis, and hydrogen peroxide metabolism. 116
GO:0031090 organelle membrane The lipid bilayer surrounding an organelle. 115
GO:0043229 intracellular organelle Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, occurring within the cell. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton. Excludes the plasma membrane. 113
GO:0005929 cilium A specialized eukaryotic organelle that consists of a filiform extrusion of the cell surface. Each cilium is bounded by an extrusion of the cytoplasmic membrane, and contains a regular longitudinal array of microtubules, anchored basally in a centriole. 108
GO:0016023 cytoplasmic membrane-bounded vesicle A membrane-bounded vesicle found in the cytoplasm of the cell. 102
GO:0031410 cytoplasmic vesicle A vesicle formed of membrane or protein, found in the cytoplasm of a cell. 92
GO:0005856 cytoskeleton Any of the various filamentous elements that form the internal framework of cells, and typically remain after treatment of the cells with mild detergent to remove membrane constituents and soluble components of the cytoplasm. The term embraces intermediate filaments, microfilaments, microtubules, the microtrabecular lattice, and other structures characterized by a polymeric filamentous nature and long-range order within the cell. The various elements of the cytoskeleton not only serve in the maintenance of cellular shape but also have roles in other cellular functions, including cellular movement, cell division, endocytosis, and movement of organelles. 82
GO:0043186 P granule A small cytoplasmic, non-membranous RNA/protein complex aggregates in the primordial germ cells of many higher eukaryotes. 72
GO:0030017 sarcomere The repeating unit of a myofibril in a muscle cell, composed of an array of overlapping thick and thin filaments between two adjacent Z discs. 71
GO:0055120 striated muscle dense body A vinculin-containing myofibril attachment structure of striated muscle that connects sarcomeres to the extracellular matrix. In nematode body wall muscle, the dense body performs the dual role of Z-disk and costamere. 69
GO:0031674 I band A region of a sarcomere that appears as a light band on each side of the Z disc, comprising a region of the sarcomere where thin (actin) filaments are not overlapped by thick (myosin) filaments; contains actin, troponin, and tropomyosin; each sarcomere includes half of an I band at each end. 62
GO:0000932 cytoplasmic mRNA processing body A focus in the cytoplasm where mRNAs may become inactivated by decapping or some other mechanism. mRNA processing and binding proteins are localized to these foci. 62
GO:0005840 ribosome An intracellular organelle, about 200 A in diameter, consisting of RNA and protein. It is the site of protein biosynthesis resulting from translation of messenger RNA (mRNA). It consists of two subunits, one large and one small, each containing only protein and RNA. Both the ribosome and its subunits are characterized by their sedimentation coefficients, expressed in Svedberg units (symbol: S). Hence, the prokaryotic ribosome (70S) comprises a large (50S) subunit and a small (30S) subunit, while the eukaryotic ribosome (80S) comprises a large (60S) subunit and a small (40S) subunit. Two sites on the ribosomal large subunit are involved in translation, namely the aminoacyl site (A site) and peptidyl site (P site). Ribosomes from prokaryotes, eukaryotes, mitochondria, and chloroplasts have characteristically distinct ribosomal proteins. 58
GO:0010494 cytoplasmic stress granule A dense aggregation in the cytosol composed of proteins and RNAs that appear when the cell is under stress. 54
GO:0005793 endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment A complex system of membrane-bounded compartments located between endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the Golgi complex, with a distinctive membrane protein composition; involved in ER-to-Golgi transport. 51
GO:0044422 organelle part Any constituent part of an organelle, an organized structure of distinctive morphology and function. Includes constituent parts of the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton, but excludes the plasma membrane. 51
GO:0032420 stereocilium An actin-based protrusion from the apical surface of auditory and vestibular hair cells. Bundles of stereocilia act as mechanosensory organelles. 48
GO:0031430 M band The midline of aligned thick filaments in a sarcomere; location of specific proteins that link thick filaments. Depending on muscle type the M band consists of different numbers of M lines. 47
GO:0032588 trans-Golgi network membrane The lipid bilayer surrounding any of the compartments that make up the trans-Golgi network. 43
GO:0031967 organelle envelope A double membrane structure enclosing an organelle, including two lipid bilayers and the region between them. In some cases, an organelle envelope may have more than two membranes. 40
GO:0031988 membrane-bounded vesicle Any small, fluid-filled, spherical organelle enclosed by a lipid bilayer. 38
GO:0005801 cis-Golgi network The network of interconnected tubular and cisternal structures located at the convex side of the Golgi apparatus, which abuts the endoplasmic reticulum. 38
GO:0032426 stereocilium bundle tip The end of a stereocilium bundle, distal to the site of the bundle's attachment to the apical cell surface. 37
GO:0009536 plastid Any member of a family of organelles found in the cytoplasm of plants and some protists, which are membrane-bounded and contain DNA. Plant plastids develop from a common type, the proplastid. 37
GO:0012506 vesicle membrane The lipid bilayer surrounding any membrane-bounded vesicle in the cell. 35
GO:0031982 vesicle Any small, fluid-filled, spherical organelle enclosed by membrane or protein. 30
GO:0005694 chromosome A structure composed of a very long molecule of DNA and associated proteins (e.g. histones) that carries hereditary information. 29
GO:0033391 chromatoid body A ribonucleoprotein complex found in the cytoplasm of male germ cells, composed of exceedingly thin filaments that are consolidated into a compact mass or into dense strands of varying thickness that branch to form an irregular network. Contains mRNAs, miRNAs, and protein components involved in miRNA processing (such as Argonaute proteins and the endonuclease Dicer) and in RNA decay (such as the decapping enzyme DCP1a and GW182). 21
GO:0070013 intracellular organelle lumen An organelle lumen that is part of an intracellular organelle. 19
GO:0043034 costamere Regular periodic sub membranous arrays of vinculin in skeletal and cardiac muscle cells, these arrays link Z-discs to the sarcolemma and are associated with links to extracellular matrix. 19
GO:0043292 contractile fiber Fibers, composed of actin, myosin, and associated proteins, found in cells of smooth or striated muscle. 17
GO:0070732 spindle envelope An organelle envelope that surrounds the chromosomes and the central part of the spindle apparatus during mitosis and meiosis; observed in many invertebrates. The spindle envelope consists of membrane layers, called parafusorial membranes, derived from endoplasmic reticulum membrane; in male meiosis it forms during prometaphase and persists until early in the ensuing interphase. 17
GO:0005930 axoneme The bundle of microtubules and associated proteins that forms the core of cilia and flagella in eukaryotic cells and is responsible for their movements. 17
GO:0030485 smooth muscle contractile fiber The contractile fiber of smooth muscle cells. 17
GO:0043227 membrane-bounded organelle Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, bounded by a single or double lipid bilayer membrane. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, and vesicles. Excludes the plasma membrane. 16
GO:0030016 myofibril The contractile element of skeletal and cardiac muscle; a long, highly organized bundle of actin, myosin, and other proteins that contracts by a sliding filament mechanism. 15
GO:0035770 ribonucleoprotein granule A non-membranous macromolecular complex containing proteins and translationally silenced mRNAs. RNA granules contain proteins that control the localization, stability, and translation of their RNA cargo. Different types of RNA granules (RGs) exist, depending on the cell type and cellular conditions. 10
GO:0033116 endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment membrane The lipid bilayer surrounding any of the compartments of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-Golgi intermediate compartment system. 8
GO:0031095 platelet dense tubular network membrane The lipid bilayer surrounding the platelet dense tubular network. 7
GO:0001520 outer dense fiber Structure or material found in the flagella of mammalian sperm that surrounds each of the nine microtubule doublets, giving a 9 + 9 + 2 arrangement rather than the 9 + 2 pattern usually seen. These dense fibers are stiff and noncontractile. 6
GO:0043233 organelle lumen The internal volume enclosed by the membranes of a particular organelle; includes the volume enclosed by a single organelle membrane, e.g. endoplasmic reticulum lumen, or the volume enclosed by the innermost of the two lipid bilayers of an organelle envelope, e.g. nuclear lumen. 6
GO:0043590 bacterial nucleoid The region of a bacterial cell to which the DNA is confined. 6
GO:0044449 contractile fiber part Any constituent part of a contractile fiber, a fiber composed of actin, myosin, and associated proteins, found in cells of smooth or striated muscle. 5
GO:0030991 intraflagellar transport particle A The smaller subcomplex of the intraflagellar transport particle; characterized complexes have molecular weights of 710-760 kDa. 5
GO:0031983 vesicle lumen The volume enclosed by the membrane or protein that forms a vesicle. 5
GO:0031673 H zone A relatively pale zone traversing the center of the A band of a sarcomere, visible in relaxed muscle fibers; consists of the central portion of thick (myosin) filaments that are not overlapped by thin (actin) filaments. 5
GO:0032019 mitochondrial cloud A prominent mass in the cytoplasm of previtellogenic oocytes. The cloud contains both mitochondria and electron-dense granulofibrillar material (GFM) and is the source of germinal granule material. 5
GO:0071547 piP-body A P granule that contains the PIWIL4-TDRD9 module, a set of proteins that act in the secondary piRNA pathway. 4
GO:0031301 integral to organelle membrane Penetrating at least one phospholipid bilayer of an organelle membrane. May also refer to the state of being buried in the bilayer with no exposure outside the bilayer. 4
GO:0042151 nematocyst An organelle found in cnidoblast (nematoblast) cells. When matured, these stinging organelles store toxins and can deliver them when the cnidocil (a short extension of the cnidocyst) is stimulated by a prey or another stimulus. 3
GO:0071546 pi-body A P granule that contains the PIWIL2-TDRD1 module, a set of proteins that act in the primary piRNA pathway. The pi-body corresponds to the cementing material between mitochondria found in gonocytes. 3
GO:0045170 spectrosome A germline specific spherical organelle, rich in membrane skeletal proteins. Precursor to the fusome. 3
GO:0071598 neuronal ribonucleoprotein granule A ribonucleoprotein complex that is found in the cytoplasm of axons and dendrites, and transports translationally silenced mRNAs to dendritic synapses, where they are released and translated in response to specific exogenous stimuli. 2
GO:0071212 subsynaptic reticulum An elaborate tubulolamellar membrane system that underlies the postsynaptic cell membrane. 2
GO:0030992 intraflagellar transport particle B The larger subcomplex of the intraflagellar transport particle; characterized complexes have molecular weights around 550 kDa. 2
GO:0020005 symbiont-containing vacuole membrane The lipid bilayer surrounding a symbiont-containing vacuole, derived from both the host and symbiont. 2
GO:0016035 zeta DNA polymerase complex A heterodimeric DNA polymerase complex that catalyzes error-prone DNA synthesis in contexts such as translesion synthesis and double-stranded break repair. First characterized in Saccharomyces, in which the subunits are Rev3p and Rev7p; a third protein, Rev1p, is often associated with the polymerase dimer. 2
GO:0030993 axonemal heterotrimeric kinesin-II complex A kinesin complex found in eukaryotic axonemes that contains two distinct plus end-directed kinesin motor proteins and at least one accessory subunit, and that functions in the anterograde transport of molecules (cargo) from the basal body to the distal tip of the axoneme. 1
GO:0032421 stereocilium bundle An actin-based, cross-linked cellular protrusion on the apical surface of auditory and vestibular hair cells. Stereocilium bundles act as mechanosensory organelles by responding to fluid motion or fluid pressure changes. 1
GO:0033106 cis-Golgi network membrane The lipid bilayer surrounding any of the compartments that make up the cis-Golgi network. 1
GO:0036379 myofilament Any of the smallest contractile units of a myofibril (striated muscle fiber). 1
GO:0044433 cytoplasmic vesicle part Any constituent part of cytoplasmic vesicle, a vesicle formed of membrane or protein, found in the cytoplasm of a cell. 1
GO:0071561 nucleus-vacuole junction An organelle membrane contact site formed between the vacuole membrane and the outer nuclear membrane. In S. cerevisiae these contacts are mediated through direct physical interaction between Vac8p and Nvj1p. 1