Go terms map to parent GO term: GO:0048856   anatomical structure development
GOID
Link to GO
 Functional Category Description Protein Count
link to
protein list
GO:0022008 neurogenesis Generation of cells within the nervous system. 200
GO:0040035 hermaphrodite genitalia development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the hermaphrodite genitalia over time, from formation to the mature structures. 197
GO:0048513 organ development Development of a tissue or tissues that work together to perform a specific function or functions. Development pertains to the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a structure over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions. 186
GO:0010171 body morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of the soma are generated and organized. 141
GO:0009653 anatomical structure morphogenesis The process in which anatomical structures are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. 134
GO:0048731 system development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an organismal system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A system is a regularly interacting or interdependent group of organs or tissues that work together to carry out a given biological process. 98
GO:0002009 morphogenesis of an epithelium The process in which the anatomical structures of epithelia are generated and organized. An epithelium consists of closely packed cells arranged in one or more layers, that covers the outer surfaces of the body or lines any internal cavity or tube. 96
GO:0043581 mycelium development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mycelium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A mycelium is the mass of hyphae that constitutes the vegetative part of a fungus. 93
GO:0048468 cell development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a specific fate. 89
GO:0007420 brain development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the brain over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Brain development begins with patterning events in the neural tube and ends with the mature structure that is the center of thought and emotion. The brain is responsible for the coordination and control of bodily activities and the interpretation of information from the senses (sight, hearing, smell, etc.). 88
GO:0009790 embryo development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an embryo from its formation until the end of its embryonic life stage. The end of the embryonic stage is organism-specific. For example, for mammals, the process would begin with zygote formation and end with birth. For insects, the process would begin at zygote formation and end with larval hatching. For plant zygotic embryos, this would be from zygote formation to the end of seed dormancy. For plant vegetative embryos, this would be from the initial determination of the cell or group of cells to form an embryo until the point when the embryo becomes independent of the parent plant. 84
GO:0007507 heart development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the heart over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The heart is a hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood. 81
GO:0007476 imaginal disc-derived wing morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of the imaginal disc-derived wing are generated and organized. The wing is an appendage modified for flying. 78
GO:0007399 nervous system development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of nervous tissue over time, from its formation to its mature state. 78
GO:0001764 neuron migration The characteristic movement of an immature neuron from germinal zones to specific positions where they will reside as they mature. 72
GO:0048646 anatomical structure formation involved in morphogenesis The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of an anatomical structure from unspecified parts. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure and ends when the structural rudiment is recognizable. An anatomical structure is any biological entity that occupies space and is distinguished from its surroundings. Anatomical structures can be macroscopic such as a carpel, or microscopic such as an acrosome. 72
GO:0009887 organ morphogenesis Morphogenesis of an organ. An organ is defined as a tissue or set of tissues that work together to perform a specific function or functions. Morphogenesis is the process in which anatomical structures are generated and organized. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions. 70
GO:0007517 muscle organ development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The muscle is an organ consisting of a tissue made up of various elongated cells that are specialized to contract and thus to produce movement and mechanical work. 65
GO:0009888 tissue development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a tissue over time, from its formation to the mature structure. 65
GO:0030182 neuron differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuron. 61
GO:0048699 generation of neurons The process in which nerve cells are generated. This includes the production of neuroblasts and their differentiation into neurons. 60
GO:0007286 spermatid development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a spermatid over time, from its formation to the mature structure. 59
GO:0007417 central nervous system development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the central nervous system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The central nervous system is the core nervous system that serves an integrating and coordinating function. In vertebrates it consists of the brain, spinal cord and spinal nerves. In those invertebrates with a central nervous system it typically consists of a brain, cerebral ganglia and a nerve cord. 58
GO:0001889 liver development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the liver over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The liver is an exocrine gland which secretes bile and functions in metabolism of protein and carbohydrate and fat, synthesizes substances involved in the clotting of the blood, synthesizes vitamin A, detoxifies poisonous substances, stores glycogen, and breaks down worn-out erythrocytes. 57
GO:0007422 peripheral nervous system development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the peripheral nervous system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The peripheral nervous system is one of the two major divisions of the nervous system. Nerves in the PNS connect the central nervous system (CNS) with sensory organs, other organs, muscles, blood vessels and glands. 55
GO:0048608 reproductive structure development The reproductive developmental process whose specific outcome is the progression of structures that will be used in the process of creating new individuals from one or more parents, from their formation to the mature structures. 54
GO:0008406 gonad development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the gonad over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The gonad is an animal organ that produces gametes; in some species it also produces hormones. 53
GO:0007298 border follicle cell migration The directed movement of a border cell through the nurse cells to reach the oocyte. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster. 50
GO:0000902 cell morphogenesis The developmental process in which the size or shape of a cell is generated and organized. 48
GO:0042476 odontogenesis The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a tooth or teeth over time, from formation to the mature structure(s). A tooth is any hard bony, calcareous, or chitinous organ found in the mouth or pharynx of an animal and used in procuring or masticating food. 47
GO:0016319 mushroom body development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mushroom body over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mushroom body is composed of the prominent neuropil structures of the insect central brain, thought to be crucial for olfactory associated learning. These consist mainly of a bulbous calyx and tightly packaged arrays of thin parallel fibers of the Kenyon cells. 47
GO:0007519 skeletal muscle tissue development The developmental sequence of events leading to the formation of adult muscle that occurs in the anima. In vertebrate skeletal muscle the main events are: the fusion of myoblasts to form myotubes that increase in size by further fusion to them of myoblasts, the formation of myofibrils within their cytoplasm and the establishment of functional neuromuscular junctions with motor neurons. At this stage they can be regarded as mature muscle fibers. 46
GO:0055010 ventricular cardiac muscle tissue morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of cardiac ventricle muscle is generated and organized. 43
GO:0007512 adult heart development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the adult heart over time, from its formation to the mature structure. 42
GO:0030900 forebrain development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the forebrain over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The forebrain is the anterior of the three primary divisions of the developing chordate brain or the corresponding part of the adult brain (in vertebrates, includes especially the cerebral hemispheres, the thalamus, and the hypothalamus and especially in higher vertebrates is the main control center for sensory and associative information processing, visceral functions, and voluntary motor functions). 42
GO:0051216 cartilage development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cartilage over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cartilage is a connective tissue dominated by extracellular matrix containing collagen type II and large amounts of proteoglycan, particularly chondroitin sulfate. 42
GO:0007281 germ cell development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an immature germ cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure (gamete). A germ cell is any reproductive cell in a multicellular organism. 41
GO:0007498 mesoderm development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mesoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mesoderm is the middle germ layer that develops into muscle, bone, cartilage, blood and connective tissue. 40
GO:0007528 neuromuscular junction development A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a neuromuscular junction. 40
GO:0060041 retina development in camera-type eye The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the retina over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The retina is the innermost layer or coating at the back of the eyeball, which is sensitive to light and in which the optic nerve terminates. 40
GO:0045665 negative regulation of neuron differentiation Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neuron differentiation. 39
GO:0007424 open tracheal system development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an open tracheal system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. An open tracheal system is a respiratory system, a branched network of epithelial tubes that supplies oxygen to target tissues via spiracles. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster. 39
GO:0010976 positive regulation of neuron projection development Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of neuron projection development. Neuron projection development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron projection over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A neuron projection is any process extending from a neural cell, such as axons or dendrites (collectively called neurites). 37
GO:0031175 neuron projection development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron projection over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A neuron projection is any process extending from a neural cell, such as axons or dendrites (collectively called neurites). 37
GO:0002064 epithelial cell development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an epithelial cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. An epithelial cell is a cell usually found in a two-dimensional sheet with a free surface. 36
GO:0045666 positive regulation of neuron differentiation Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neuron differentiation. 35
GO:0060560 developmental growth involved in morphogenesis The increase in size or mass of an anatomical structure that contributes to the structure attaining its shape. 35
GO:0007416 synapse assembly The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a synapse. 35
GO:0040002 collagen and cuticulin-based cuticle development Synthesis and deposition of a collagen and cuticulin-based noncellular, hardened, or membranous secretion from an epithelial sheet. An example of this process is found in Caenorhabditis elegans. 35
GO:0048666 neuron development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. 34
GO:0045664 regulation of neuron differentiation Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neuron differentiation. 34
GO:0048749 compound eye development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the compound eye over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The compound eye is an organ of sight that contains multiple repeating units, often arranged hexagonally. Each unit has its own lens and photoreceptor cell(s) and can generate either a single pixelated image or multiple images, per eye. 33
GO:0001501 skeletal system development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the skeleton over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The skeleton is the bony framework of the body in vertebrates (endoskeleton) or the hard outer envelope of insects (exoskeleton or dermoskeleton). 33
GO:0031100 organ regeneration The regrowth of a lost or destroyed organ. 33
GO:0042052 rhabdomere development The assembly and arrangement of a rhabdomere within a cell. The rhabdomere is the organelle on the apical surface of a photoreceptor cell that contains the visual pigments. 33
GO:0030097 hemopoiesis The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the myeloid and lymphoid derived organ/tissue systems of the blood and other parts of the body over time, from formation to the mature structure. The site of hemopoiesis is variable during development, but occurs primarily in bone marrow or kidney in many adult vertebrates. 33
GO:0050770 regulation of axonogenesis Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of axonogenesis, the generation of an axon, the long process of a neuron. 31
GO:0035315 hair cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a hair cell. 31
GO:0030855 epithelial cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an epithelial cell, any of the cells making up an epithelium. 31
GO:0030324 lung development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lung over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In all air-breathing vertebrates the lungs are developed from the ventral wall of the oesophagus as a pouch which divides into two sacs. In amphibians and many reptiles the lungs retain very nearly this primitive sac-like character, but in the higher forms the connection with the esophagus becomes elongated into the windpipe and the inner walls of the sacs become more and more divided, until, in the mammals, the air spaces become minutely divided into tubes ending in small air cells, in the walls of which the blood circulates in a fine network of capillaries. In mammals the lungs are more or less divided into lobes, and each lung occupies a separate cavity in the thorax. 30
GO:0030901 midbrain development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the midbrain over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The midbrain is the middle division of the three primary divisions of the developing chordate brain or the corresponding part of the adult brain (in vertebrates, includes a ventral part containing the cerebral peduncles and a dorsal tectum containing the corpora quadrigemina and that surrounds the aqueduct of Sylvius connecting the third and fourth ventricles). 30
GO:0035071 salivary gland cell autophagic cell death The stage-specific programmed cell death of salivary gland cells during salivary gland histolysis. 30
GO:0060429 epithelium development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an epithelium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. An epithelium is a tissue that covers the internal or external surfaces of an anatomical structure. 30
GO:0048593 camera-type eye morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of the eye are generated and organized. The camera-type eye is an organ of sight that receives light through an aperture and focuses it through a lens, projecting it on a photoreceptor field. 30
GO:0051124 synaptic growth at neuromuscular junction The growth of a synapse at a neuromuscular junction, the site of apposition of a motor end plate and the subneural cleft of the skeletal muscle fiber that it innervates. 30
GO:0007435 salivary gland morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of the salivary gland are generated and organized. 29
GO:0001822 kidney development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the kidney over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The kidney is an organ that filters the blood and/or excretes the end products of body metabolism in the form of urine. 29
GO:0035220 wing disc development Progression of the wing disc over time, from its initial formation through to its metamorphosis to form adult structures including the wing hinge, wing blade and pleura. 29
GO:0060021 palate development The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of the palate from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the structure and ends with the mature structure. The palate is the partition that separates the nasal and oral cavities. 29
GO:0030902 hindbrain development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the hindbrain over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The hindbrain is the posterior of the three primary divisions of the developing chordate brain, or the corresponding part of the adult brain (in vertebrates, includes the cerebellum, pons, and medulla oblongata and controls the autonomic functions and equilibrium). 28
GO:0048563 post-embryonic organ morphogenesis Morphogenesis, during the post-embryonic phase, of a tissue or tissues that work together to perform a specific function or functions. Morphogenesis pertains to process in which anatomical structures are generated and organized. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions. 28
GO:0001755 neural crest cell migration The characteristic movement of cells from the dorsal ridge of the neural tube to a variety of locations in a vertebrate embryo. 28
GO:0022416 chaeta development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a chaeta over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A chaeta is a sensory multicellular cuticular outgrowth of a specifically differentiated cell. 28
GO:0048663 neuron fate commitment The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a neuron. 27
GO:0050767 regulation of neurogenesis Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neurogenesis, the origin and formation of neurons. 27
GO:0060122 inner ear receptor stereocilium organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a stereocilium. A stereocilium is an actin-based protrusion from the apical surface of inner ear receptor cells. 27
GO:0008362 chitin-based embryonic cuticle biosynthetic process Synthesis, including the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of chitin and other components, and deposition of a chitin-based embryonic cuticle by the underlying epidermal epithelium. This tough, waterproof cuticle layer is essential to provide structural integrity of the larval body. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster. 27
GO:0007423 sensory organ development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of sensory organs over time, from its formation to the mature structure. 27
GO:0043010 camera-type eye development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the camera-type eye over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The camera-type eye is an organ of sight that receives light through an aperture and focuses it through a lens, projecting it on a photoreceptor field. 27
GO:0048814 regulation of dendrite morphogenesis Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of dendrite morphogenesis. 26
GO:0016322 neuron remodeling The developmentally regulated remodeling of neuronal projections such as pruning to eliminate the extra dendrites and axons projections set up in early stages of nervous system development. 26
GO:0060465 pharynx development The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a pharynx from an initial condition to its mature state. The pharynx is the part of the digestive system immediately posterior to the mouth. 26
GO:0008544 epidermis development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the epidermis over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The epidermis is the outer epithelial layer of a plant or animal, it may be a single layer that produces an extracellular material (e.g. the cuticle of arthropods) or a complex stratified squamous epithelium, as in the case of many vertebrate species. 26
GO:0016203 muscle attachment The developmental process in which a skeletal muscle attaches to its target (such as bone or body wall). 26
GO:0031101 fin regeneration The regrowth of fin tissue following its loss or destruction. 26
GO:0014706 striated muscle tissue development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a striated muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Striated muscle contain fibers that are divided by transverse bands into striations, and cardiac and skeletal muscle are types of striated muscle. Skeletal muscle myoblasts fuse to form myotubes and eventually multinucleated muscle fibers. The fusion of cardiac cells is very rare and can only form binucleate cells. 25
GO:0048839 inner ear development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the inner ear over time, from its formation to the mature structure. 25
GO:0030718 germ-line stem cell maintenance Any process involved in preventing uncommitted germ-line stem cells from differentiating as another cell type. 25
GO:0019827 stem cell maintenance The process in which an organism retains a population of stem cells, preventing the commitment of all stem cell progeny to a differentiated cell fate. 25
GO:0016358 dendrite development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the dendrite over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A dendrite is a freely branching protoplasmic process of a nerve cell. 25
GO:0035019 somatic stem cell maintenance The process in which an organism retains a population of somatic stem cells, undifferentiated cells in the embryo or adult which can undergo unlimited division and give rise to cell types of the body other than those of the germ-line. 24
GO:0021983 pituitary gland development The progression of the pituitary gland over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The pituitary gland is an endocrine gland that secretes hormones that regulate many other glands. 24
GO:0007426 tracheal outgrowth, open tracheal system The projection of branches of an open tracheal system towards their target tissues. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster. 24
GO:0007475 apposition of dorsal and ventral imaginal disc-derived wing surfaces The coming together of the dorsal and ventral surfaces of the imaginal disc-derived wing during the conversion of a folded single layered wing disc to a flat bilayered wing. 24
GO:0030099 myeloid cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized myeloid precursor cell acquires the specialized features of any cell of the myeloid leukocyte, megakaryocyte, thrombocyte, or erythrocyte lineages. 24
GO:0003007 heart morphogenesis The developmental process in which the heart is generated and organized. The heart is a hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood. 24
GO:0055008 cardiac muscle tissue morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of cardiac muscle tissue are generated and organized. 24
GO:0008103 oocyte microtubule cytoskeleton polarization Establishment and maintenance of a specific axis of polarity of the oocyte microtubule network. The axis is set so that the minus and plus ends of the microtubules of the mid stage oocyte are positioned along the anterior cortex and at the posterior pole, respectively. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster. 24
GO:0001745 compound eye morphogenesis The morphogenetic process in which the anatomical structures of the compound eye are generated and organized. The adult compound eye is a precise assembly of 700-800 ommatidia. Each ommatidium is composed of 20 cells, identified by cell type and position. An example of compound eye morphogenesis is found in Drosophila melanogaster. 24
GO:0008347 glial cell migration The orderly movement of a glial cell, non-neuronal cells that provide support and nutrition, maintain homeostasis, form myelin, and participate in signal transmission in the nervous system. 23
GO:0048485 sympathetic nervous system development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the sympathetic nervous system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The sympathetic nervous system is one of the two divisions of the vertebrate autonomic nervous system (the other being the parasympathetic nervous system). The sympathetic preganglionic neurons have their cell bodies in the thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord and connect to the paravertebral chain of sympathetic ganglia. Innervate heart and blood vessels, sweat glands, viscera and the adrenal medulla. Most sympathetic neurons, but not all, use noradrenaline as a post-ganglionic neurotransmitter. 23
GO:0007419 ventral cord development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ventral cord over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The ventral cord is one of the distinguishing traits of the central nervous system of all arthropods (such as insects, crustaceans and arachnids) as well as many other invertebrates, such as the annelid worms. 23
GO:0001658 branching involved in ureteric bud morphogenesis The process in which the branching structure of the ureteric bud is generated and organized. The ureteric bud is an epithelial tube that grows out from the metanephric duct. The bud elongates and branches to give rise to the ureter and kidney collecting tubules. 23
GO:0035159 regulation of tube length, open tracheal system Ensuring that a tube in an open tracheal system is of the correct length. 23
GO:0021766 hippocampus development The progression of the hippocampus over time from its initial formation until its mature state. 22
GO:0030216 keratinocyte differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a keratinocyte. 22
GO:0048854 brain morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of the brain are generated and organized. The brain is one of the two components of the central nervous system and is the center of thought and emotion. It is responsible for the coordination and control of bodily activities and the interpretation of information from the senses (sight, hearing, smell, etc.). 22
GO:0007474 imaginal disc-derived wing vein specification The regionalization process in which the area of a imaginal disc-derived wing that will form a wing vein is specified. 22
GO:0048732 gland development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A gland is an organ specialised for secretion. 22
GO:0002062 chondrocyte differentiation The process in which a chondroblast acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a chondrocyte. A chondrocyte is a polymorphic cell that forms cartilage. 22
GO:0048484 enteric nervous system development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the enteric nervous system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The enteric nervous system is composed of two ganglionated neural plexuses in the gut wall which form one of the three major divisions of the autonomic nervous system. The enteric nervous system innervates the gastrointestinal tract, the pancreas, and the gall bladder. It contains sensory neurons, interneurons, and motor neurons. Thus the circuitry can autonomously sense the tension and the chemical environment in the gut and regulate blood vessel tone, motility, secretions, and fluid transport. The system is itself governed by the central nervous system and receives both parasympathetic and sympathetic innervation. 21
GO:0032989 cellular component morphogenesis The process in which cellular structures, including whole cells or cell parts, are generated and organized. 21
GO:0008407 chaeta morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of the chaeta are generated and organized. A chaeta is a sensory multicellular cuticular outgrowth of a specifically differentiated cell. 21
GO:0048538 thymus development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the thymus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The thymus is a symmetric bi-lobed organ involved primarily in the differentiation of immature to mature T cells, with unique vascular, nervous, epithelial, and lymphoid cell components. 21
GO:0010977 negative regulation of neuron projection development Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of neuron projection development. Neuron projection development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron projection over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A neuron projection is any process extending from a neural cell, such as axons or dendrites (collectively called neurites). 20
GO:0002088 lens development in camera-type eye The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lens over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The lens is a transparent structure in the eye through which light is focused onto the retina. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus. 20
GO:0050768 negative regulation of neurogenesis Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neurogenesis, the origin and formation of neurons. 20
GO:0001568 blood vessel development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a blood vessel over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The blood vessel is the vasculature carrying blood. 20
GO:0008586 imaginal disc-derived wing vein morphogenesis The process in which anatomical structures of the veins on an imaginal disc-derived wing are generated and organized. 20
GO:0008584 male gonad development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the male gonad over time, from its formation to the mature structure. 20
GO:0040025 vulval development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the egg-laying organ of female and hermaphrodite nematodes over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In nematodes, the vulva is formed from ventral epidermal cells during larval stages to give rise to a fully formed vulva in the adult. 20
GO:0048741 skeletal muscle fiber development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the skeletal muscle fiber over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Muscle fibers are formed by the maturation of myotubes. They can be classed as slow, intermediate/fast or fast. 20
GO:0048565 digestive tract development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the digestive tract over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The digestive tract is the anatomical structure through which food passes and is processed. 19
GO:0002052 positive regulation of neuroblast proliferation Any process that activates or increases the rate of neuroblast proliferation. 18
GO:0051146 striated muscle cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a striated muscle cell; striated muscle fibers are divided by transverse bands into striations, and cardiac and voluntary muscle are types of striated muscle. 18
GO:0048935 peripheral nervous system neuron development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron whose cell body is located in the peripheral nervous system, from initial commitment of the cell to a neuronal fate, to the fully functional differentiated neuron. 18
GO:0007480 imaginal disc-derived leg morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of a leg derived from an imaginal disc are generated and organized. A leg is a limb on which an animal walks and stands. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster. 18
GO:0007494 midgut development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the midgut over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The midgut is the middle part of the alimentary canal from the stomach, or entrance of the bile duct, to, or including, the large intestine. 18
GO:0001737 establishment of imaginal disc-derived wing hair orientation Orientation of hairs in the imaginal disc-derived wing along a proximal-distal axis, such that each cell of the wing produces one wing hair which points in a distal direction. 18
GO:0048793 pronephros development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pronephros over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In mammals, the pronephros is the first of the three embryonic kidneys to be established and exists only transiently. In lower vertebrates such as fish and amphibia, the pronephros is the fully functional embryonic kidney and is indispensable for larval life. 18
GO:0048754 branching morphogenesis of an epithelial tube The process in which the anatomical structures of branches in an epithelial tube are generated and organized. A tube is a long hollow cylinder. 18
GO:0048469 cell maturation A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a cell to attain its fully functional state. 18
GO:0035914 skeletal muscle cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a skeletal muscle cell, a somatic cell located in skeletal muscle. 18
GO:0048286 lung alveolus development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the alveolus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The alveolus is a sac for holding air in the lungs; formed by the terminal dilation of air passageways. 18
GO:0007492 endoderm development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the endoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The endoderm is the innermost germ layer that develops into the gastrointestinal tract, the lungs and associated tissues. 17
GO:0030878 thyroid gland development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the thyroid gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The thyroid gland is an endoderm-derived gland that produces thyroid hormone. 17
GO:0045467 R7 cell development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the R7 photoreceptor over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The R7 photoreceptor is the last photoreceptor to develop in the ommatidium. 17
GO:0055059 asymmetric neuroblast division The process resulting in the physical partitioning and separation of a neuroblast into two daughter cells with different developmental potentials. 17
GO:0048190 wing disc dorsal/ventral pattern formation The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the dorsal/ventral axis of the wing disc, a precursor to the adult wing. 17
GO:0003151 outflow tract morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of the outflow tract are generated and organized. The outflow tract is the portion of the heart through which blood flows into the arteries. 17
GO:0042692 muscle cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a muscle cell. 17
GO:0001942 hair follicle development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the hair follicle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A hair follicle is a tube-like opening in the epidermis where the hair shaft develops and into which the sebaceous glands open. 17
GO:0071542 dopaminergic neuron differentiation The process in which a neuroblast acquires the specialized structural and functional features of a dopaminergic neuron, a neuron that secretes dopamine. 17
GO:0048729 tissue morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of a tissue are generated and organized. 17
GO:0043403 skeletal muscle tissue regeneration The regrowth of skeletal muscle tissue to repair injured or damaged muscle fibers in the postnatal stage. 16
GO:0010975 regulation of neuron projection development Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of neuron projection development. Neuron projection development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron projection over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A neuron projection is any process extending from a neural cell, such as axons or dendrites (collectively called neurites). 16
GO:0042462 eye photoreceptor cell development Development of a photoreceptor, a sensory cell in the eye that reacts to the presence of light. They usually contain a pigment that undergoes a chemical change when light is absorbed, thus stimulating a nerve. 16
GO:0030707 ovarian follicle cell development The process that occurs during oogenesis involving the ovarian follicle cells, somatic cells which surround the germ cells of an ovary. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster. 16
GO:0009913 epidermal cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an epidermal cell, any of the cells making up the epidermis. 16
GO:0021953 central nervous system neuron differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuron whose cell body resides in the central nervous system. 16
GO:0048730 epidermis morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of the epidermis are generated and organized. The epidermis is the outer epithelial layer of a plant or animal, it may be a single layer that produces an extracellular material (e.g. the cuticle of arthropods) or a complex stratified squamous epithelium, as in the case of many vertebrate species. 16
GO:0042475 odontogenesis of dentin-containing tooth The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a dentin-containing tooth over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A dentin-containing tooth is a hard, bony organ borne on the jaw or other bone of a vertebrate, and is composed mainly of dentin, a dense calcified substance, covered by a layer of enamel. 16
GO:0042067 establishment of ommatidial planar polarity The specification of polarized ommatidia. Ommatidia occur in two chiral forms. The trapezoidal arrangement of photoreceptors in the dorsal part of the eye is the mirror image of that in the ventral part. 15
GO:0031018 endocrine pancreas development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the endocrine pancreas over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The endocrine pancreas is made up of islet cells that produce insulin, glucagon and somatostatin. 15
GO:0030218 erythrocyte differentiation The process in which a myeloid precursor cell acquires specializes features of an erythrocyte. 15
GO:0035108 limb morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of a limb are generated and organized. A limb is an appendage of an animal used for locomotion or grasping. Examples include legs, arms or some types of fin. 15
GO:0031152 aggregation involved in sorocarp development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the aggregate over time, from its formation to the point when a slug is formed. Aggregate development begins in response to starvation and continues by the chemoattractant-mediated movement of cells toward each other. The aggregate is a multicellular structure that gives rise to the slug. 15
GO:0048739 cardiac muscle fiber development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of cardiac muscle fiber over time, from its formation to the mature structure. 15
GO:0050774 negative regulation of dendrite morphogenesis Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of dendrite morphogenesis. 15
GO:0048709 oligodendrocyte differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an oligodendrocyte. An oligodendrocyte is a type of glial cell involved in myelinating the axons of neurons in the central nervous system. 15
GO:0048806 genitalia development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the genitalia over time, from its formation to the mature structure. 15
GO:0048747 muscle fiber development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the muscle fiber over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Muscle fibers are formed by the maturation of myotubes. They can be classed as slow, intermediate/fast or fast. 15
GO:0030318 melanocyte differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a melanocyte. 15
GO:0007428 primary branching, open tracheal system Formation of primary branches in the open tracheal system. These form from small groups of cells that migrate out at specific positions, organizing into tubes as they migrate. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster. 15
GO:0010001 glial cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a glial cell. 15
GO:0016318 ommatidial rotation The process in which photoreceptors are arranged in ommatidia in the dorsal and ventral fields to be mirror images. The polarity is established in the imaginal discs concurrently with cell fate specification. 15
GO:0048514 blood vessel morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of blood vessels are generated and organized. The blood vessel is the vasculature carrying blood. 15
GO:0035270 endocrine system development Progression of the endocrine system over time, from its formation to a mature structure. The endocrine system is a system of hormones and ductless glands, where the glands release hormones directly into the blood, lymph or other intercellular fluid, and the hormones circulate within the body to affect distant organs. The major glands that make up the human endocrine system are the hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid, parathryoids, adrenals, pineal body, and the reproductive glands which include the ovaries and testes. 14
GO:0007525 somatic muscle development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the somatic muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Somatic muscles are striated muscle structures that connect to the exoskeleton or cuticle. 14
GO:0045446 endothelial cell differentiation The process in which a mesodermal, bone marrow or neural crest cell acquires specialized features of an endothelial cell, a thin flattened cell. A layer of such cells lines the inside surfaces of body cavities, blood vessels, and lymph vessels, making up the endothelium. 14
GO:0072001 renal system development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the renal system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The renal system maintains fluid balance and contributes to electrolyte balance, acid/base balance, and disposal of nitrogenous waste products. In humans, the renal system comprises a pair of kidneys, a pair of ureters, urinary bladder, urethra, sphincter muscle and associated blood vessels. 14
GO:0043588 skin development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the skin over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The skin is the external membranous integument of an animal. In vertebrates the skin generally consists of two layers, an outer nonsensitive and nonvascular epidermis (cuticle or skarfskin) composed of cells which are constantly growing and multiplying in the deeper, and being thrown off in the superficial layers, as well as an inner vascular dermis (cutis, corium or true skin) composed mostly of connective tissue. 14
GO:0050773 regulation of dendrite development Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of dendrite development. 14
GO:0001654 eye development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the eye over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The eye is the organ of sight. 14
GO:0060441 epithelial tube branching involved in lung morphogenesis The process in which a highly ordered sequence of patterning events generates the branched epithelial tubes of the lung, consisting of reiterated combinations of bud outgrowth, elongation, and dichotomous subdivision of terminal units. 14
GO:0009555 pollen development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pollen grain over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The process begins with the meiosis of the microsporocyte to form four haploid microspores. The nucleus of each microspore then divides by mitosis to form a two-celled organism, the pollen grain, that contains a tube cell as well as a smaller generative cell. The pollen grain is surrounded by an elaborate cell wall. In some species, the generative cell immediately divides again to give a pair of sperm cells. In most flowering plants, however this division takes place later, in the tube that develops when a pollen grain germinates. 14
GO:0060218 hematopoietic stem cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a hematopoietic stem cell. A stem cell is a cell that retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized cells. 14
GO:0048665 neuron fate specification The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a neuron in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway. Upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed. 14
GO:0050769 positive regulation of neurogenesis Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neurogenesis, the origin and formation of neurons. 14
GO:0030587 sorocarp development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the sorocarp over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The process begins with the aggregation of individual cells and ends with the mature sorocarp. The sorocarp is a structure containing a spore-bearing sorus that sits on top of a stalk. An example of this process is found in Dictyostelium discoideum. 14
GO:0008039 synaptic target recognition The process in which a neuronal cell in a multicellular organism interprets signals produced by potential target cells, with which it may form synapses. 14
GO:0021516 dorsal spinal cord development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the dorsal region of the spinal cord over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The dorsal region of the mature spinal cord contains neurons that process and relay sensory input. 14
GO:0003407 neural retina development The progression of the neural retina over time from its initial formation to the mature structure. The neural retina is the part of the retina that contains neurons and photoreceptor cells. 14
GO:0071907 determination of digestive tract left/right asymmetry Determination of the asymmetric location of various parts of the digestive tract with respect to the left and right halves of the organism. The digestive tract is the anatomical structure through which food passes and is processed. 14
GO:0007400 neuroblast fate determination The cell fate determination process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a neuroblast cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus. 14
GO:0060173 limb development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a limb over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A limb is an appendage of an animal used for locomotion or grasping. Examples include legs, arms or some types of fin. 14
GO:0031016 pancreas development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pancreas over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The pancreas is an endoderm derived structure that produces precursors of digestive enzymes and blood glucose regulating enzymes. 14
GO:0001751 compound eye photoreceptor cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an eye photoreceptor cell. 14
GO:0007427 epithelial cell migration, open tracheal system The orderly movement of epithelial cells during development of an open tracheal system. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster. 14
GO:0007464 R3/R4 cell fate commitment The process in which the R3/R4 photoreceptors commit to their cell fate. R3 and R4 are paired photoreceptors which contribute the outer rhabdomeres. 13
GO:0042552 myelination The process in which myelin sheaths are formed and maintained around neurons. Oligodendrocytes in the brain and spinal cord and Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system wrap axons with compact layers of their plasma membrane. Adjacent myelin segments are separated by a non-myelinated stretch of axon called a node of Ranvier. 13
GO:0021522 spinal cord motor neuron differentiation The process in which neuroepithelial cells in the ventral neural tube acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of motor neurons. Motor neurons innervate an effector (muscle or glandular) tissue and are responsible for transmission of motor impulses from the brain to the periphery. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate. 13
GO:0001657 ureteric bud development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ureteric bud over time, from its formation to the mature structure. 13
GO:0021846 cell proliferation in forebrain The creation of greater cell numbers in the forebrain due to cell division of progenitor cells. 13
GO:0048546 digestive tract morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of the digestive tract are generated and organized. The digestive tract is the anatomical structure through which food passes and is processed. 13
GO:0071425 hematopoietic stem cell proliferation The expansion of a hematopoietic stem cell population by cell division. A hematopoietic stem cell is a stem cell from which all cells of the lymphoid and myeloid lineages develop. 13
GO:0050772 positive regulation of axonogenesis Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of axonogenesis. 13
GO:0007455 eye-antennal disc morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures derived from the eye-antennal disc are generated and organized. This includes the transformation of an eye-antennal imaginal disc from a monolayered epithelium in the larvae of holometabolous insects into recognizable adult structures including the eye, antenna, head capsule and maxillary palps. 13
GO:0021527 spinal cord association neuron differentiation The process in which neuroepithelial cells in the neural tube acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of association neurons. Association neurons are cells located in the dorsal portion of the spinal cord that integrate sensory input. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate. 13
GO:0035147 branch fusion, open tracheal system Fusing of specific tracheal branches in an open tracheal system to branches from neighboring hemisegments to form a continuous tracheal network. Branch fusion is mediated by individual cells at the tip of each branch, which contact a similar cell and undergo a coordinated series of morphogenetic events that create a bicellular fusion joint. 13
GO:0007405 neuroblast proliferation The expansion of a neuroblast population by cell division. A neuroblast is any cell that will divide and give rise to a neuron. 13
GO:0060216 definitive hemopoiesis A second wave of blood cell production that, in vertebrates, generates long-term hemopoietic stem cells that continously provide erythroid, myeloid and lymphoid lineages throughout adulthood. 13
GO:0060412 ventricular septum morphogenesis The developmental process in which a ventricular septum is generated and organized. A ventricular septum is an anatomical structure that separates the lower chambers (ventricles) of the heart from one another. 13
GO:0021987 cerebral cortex development The progression of the cerebral cortex over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The cerebral cortex is the outer layered region of the telencephalon. 13
GO:0003406 retinal pigment epithelium development The progression of the retinal pigment epithelium over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The retinal pigment epithelium is the melanin-containing layer of cells between the retina and the choroid that absorbs scattered and reflected light and removes waste products produced by the photoreceptor cells. 13
GO:0007465 R7 cell fate commitment The process in which the R7 photoreceptor commits to its cell fate. The R7 receptor contributes the central part of the rhabdomere in the apical parts of the ommatidium. 13
GO:0031069 hair follicle morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of the hair follicle are generated and organized. 13
GO:0060325 face morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of the face are generated and organized. The face is the ventral division of the head. 12
GO:0021854 hypothalamus development The progression of the hypothalamus region of the forebrain, from its initial formation to its mature state. 12
GO:0014019 neuroblast development The process aimed at the progression of a neuroblast over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific state, to the mature neuroblast. It does not include processes where the neuroblast turns into a glial cell or a neuron. 12
GO:0014033 neural crest cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neural crest cell. 12
GO:0007446 imaginal disc growth The increase in mass of imaginal discs by cell proliferation prior to metamorphosis. Imaginal discs are epithelial infoldings in the larvae of holometabolous insects that develop into adult structures (legs, antennae, wings, etc.) during metamorphosis from larval to adult form. 12
GO:0021954 central nervous system neuron development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron whose cell body is located in the central nervous system, from initial commitment of the cell to a neuronal fate, to the fully functional differentiated neuron. 12
GO:0033077 T cell differentiation in thymus The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a T cell via a differentiation pathway dependent upon transit through the thymus. 12
GO:0040003 chitin-based cuticle development Synthesis and deposition of a chitin-based noncellular, hardened, or membranous secretion from an epithelial sheet. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster. 12
GO:0008585 female gonad development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the female gonad over time, from its formation to the mature structure. 12
GO:0001556 oocyte maturation A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for an oocyte to attain its fully functional state. Oocyte maturation commences after reinitiation of meiosis commonly starting with germinal vesicle breakdown, and continues up to the second meiotic arrest prior to fertilization. 12
GO:0060857 establishment of glial blood-brain barrier Establishment of the glial barrier between the blood and the brain. The glial cells in the brain are packed tightly together preventing the passage of most molecules from the blood into the brain. Only lipid soluble molecules or those that are actively transported can pass through the blood-brain barrier. 12
GO:0007312 oocyte nucleus migration involved in oocyte dorsal/ventral axis specification The directed movement of the oocyte nucleus within the cell as part of the establishment and maintenance of the dorsal/ventral axis of the oocyte. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster. 12
GO:0008587 imaginal disc-derived wing margin morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of the imaginal disc-derived wing margin are generated and organized. The wing margin is a strip of cells in the third instar disc at the boundary between the presumptive dorsal and ventral surfaces of the wing blade. 12
GO:0072358 cardiovascular system development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cardiovascular system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cardiovascular system is the anatomical system that has as its parts the heart and blood vessels. 12
GO:0021680 cerebellar Purkinje cell layer development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cerebellar Purkinje cell layer over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The Purkinje cell layer lies just underneath the molecular layer of the cerebellar cortex. It contains the neuronal cell bodies of the Purkinje cells that are arranged side by side in a single layer. Candelabrum interneurons are vertically oriented between the Purkinje cells. Purkinje neurons are inhibitory and provide the output of the cerebellar cortex through axons that project into the white matter. Extensive dendritic trees from the Purkinje cells extend upward in a single plane into the molecular layer where they synapse with parallel fibers of granule cells. 12
GO:0060562 epithelial tube morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of a tube are generated and organized from an epithelium. Epithelial tubes transport gases, liquids and cells from one site to another and form the basic structure of many organs and tissues, with tube shape and organization varying from the single-celled excretory organ in Caenorhabditis elegans to the branching trees of the mammalian kidney and insect tracheal system. 11
GO:0070121 Kupffer's vesicle development The progression of the Kupffer's vesicle over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The Kupffer's vesicle is a small but distinctive epithelial sac containing fluid, located midventrally posterior to the yolk cell or its extension, and transiently present during most of the segmentation period. 11
GO:0021549 cerebellum development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cerebellum over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cerebellum is the portion of the brain in the back of the head between the cerebrum and the pons. In mice, the cerebellum controls balance for walking and standing, modulates the force and range of movement and is involved in the learning of motor skills. 11
GO:0007398 ectoderm development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ectoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In animal embryos, the ectoderm is the outer germ layer of the embryo, formed during gastrulation. 11
GO:0035277 spiracle morphogenesis, open tracheal system The process in which the anatomical structures of a spiracle are generated and organized. Spiracles are the openings in the insect open tracheal system; externally they connect to the epidermis and internally they connect to the tracheal trunk. 11
GO:0042675 compound eye cone cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a compound eye cone cell, a cone-shaped cell, that focuses light in a compound eye. 11
GO:0045200 establishment of neuroblast polarity The specification and formation of the apicobasal polarity of a neuroblast cell, a progenitor of the central nervous system. 11
GO:0042066 perineurial glial growth Glial cell growth that occurs in the perineurium, a cell layer that ensheaths projections of peripheral nerves, such as motor axons. 11
GO:0060026 convergent extension The morphogenetic process in which an epithelium narrows along one axis and lengthens in a perpendicular axis. 11
GO:0045198 establishment of epithelial cell apical/basal polarity The specification and formation of the apicobasal polarity of an epithelial cell. 11
GO:0001945 lymph vessel development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a lymph vessel over time, from its formation to the mature structure. 11
GO:0031017 exocrine pancreas development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the exocrine pancreas over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The exocrine pancreas produces and store zymogens of digestive enzymes, such as chymotrypsinogen and trypsinogen in the acinar cells. 11
GO:0035295 tube development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a tube over time, from its initial formation to a mature structure. Epithelial and endothelial tubes transport gases, liquids and cells from one site to another and form the basic structure of many organs and tissues including lung and trachea, kidney, the mammary gland, the vascular system and the gastrointestinal and urinary-genital tracts. 11
GO:0021782 glial cell development The process aimed at the progression of a glial cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. 11
GO:0036342 post-anal tail morphogenesis The process in which a post-anal tail is generated and organized. A post-anal tail is a muscular region of the body that extends posterior to the anus. The post-anal tail may aid locomotion and balance. 11
GO:0046529 imaginal disc fusion, thorax closure The joining of the parts of the wing imaginal discs, giving rise to the adult thorax. 11
GO:0060324 face development The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a face from an initial condition to its mature state. The face is the ventral division of the head. 11
GO:0003148 outflow tract septum morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of the outflow tract septum are generated and organized. The outflow tract septum is a partition in the outflow tract. 11
GO:0009965 leaf morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of the leaf are generated and organized. 11
GO:0036302 atrioventricular canal development The progression of the atrioventricular canal over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The atrioventricular canal is the part of the heart connecting the atrium to the cardiac ventricle. 11
GO:0060017 parathyroid gland development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the parathyroid gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The parathyroid gland is an organ specialised for secretion of parathyroid hormone. 10
GO:0048738 cardiac muscle tissue development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of cardiac muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. 10
GO:0097105 presynaptic membrane assembly The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a presynaptic membrane, a specialized area of membrane of the axon terminal that faces the plasma membrane of the neuron or muscle fiber with which the axon terminal establishes a synaptic junction. 10
GO:0016335 morphogenesis of larval imaginal disc epithelium The process in which the anatomical structures of a larval imaginal disc epithelium are generated and organized. 10
GO:0070593 dendrite self-avoidance The process in which dendrites recognize and avoid contact with sister dendrites from the same cell. 10
GO:0072144 glomerular mesangial cell development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a glomerular mesangial cell in the kidney over time, from its formation to the mature structure. 10
GO:0007406 negative regulation of neuroblast proliferation Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the proliferation of neuroblasts. 10
GO:0048708 astrocyte differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an astrocyte. An astrocyte is the most abundant type of glial cell. Astrocytes provide support for neurons and regulate the environment in which they function. 10
GO:0021879 forebrain neuron differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuron that will reside in the forebrain. 10
GO:0035151 regulation of tube size, open tracheal system Ensuring that an epithelial tube in an open tracheal system is of the correct length and diameter. Tracheal tubes undergo highly regulated tube-size increases during development, expanding up to 40 times their initial size by the end of larval life. Tube size appears to be controlled by regulation of apical membrane expansion and secretion, rather than by changes in cell number, size or shape. 10
GO:0035317 imaginal disc-derived wing hair organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level that results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an imaginal disc-derived wing hair. A wing hair is an actin-rich, polarized, non-sensory apical projection that protrudes from each of the approximately 30,000 wing epithelial cells. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster. 10
GO:0035107 appendage morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of appendages are generated and organized. An appendage is an organ or part that is attached to the trunk of an organism, such as a limb or a branch. 10
GO:0042694 muscle cell fate specification The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a muscle cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed. 10
GO:0045445 myoblast differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a myoblast. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into striated muscle fibers. 10
GO:0021772 olfactory bulb development The progression of the olfactory bulb over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The olfactory bulb coordinates neuronal signaling involved in the perception of smell. It receives input from the sensory neurons and outputs to the olfactory cortex. 10
GO:0007595 lactation The secretion of milk by the mammary gland. 10
GO:0002011 morphogenesis of an epithelial sheet The process in which the anatomical structures of an epithelial sheet are generated and organized. An epithelial sheet is a flat surface consisting of closely packed epithelial cells. 10
GO:0021834 chemorepulsion involved in embryonic olfactory bulb interneuron precursor migration The creation and reception of signals that guide olfactory bulb interneuron precursors down concentration gradients towards the olfactory bulb. 10
GO:0060439 trachea morphogenesis The process in which a trachea is generated and organized. The trachea is the portion of the airway that attaches to the bronchi as it branches. 10
GO:0060038 cardiac muscle cell proliferation The expansion of a cardiac muscle cell population by cell division. 10
GO:0021831 embryonic olfactory bulb interneuron precursor migration The directed movement of individual interneuron precursors during the embryonic development of the olfactory bulb. 10
GO:0050771 negative regulation of axonogenesis Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of axonogenesis. 10
GO:0045773 positive regulation of axon extension Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of axon extension. 10
GO:0021537 telencephalon development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the telencephalon over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The telencephalon is the paired anteriolateral division of the prosencephalon plus the lamina terminalis from which the olfactory lobes, cerebral cortex, and subcortical nuclei are derived. 10
GO:0061072 iris morphogenesis The process in which the iris is generated and organized. The iris is an anatomical structure in the eye whose opening forms the pupil. The iris is responsible for controlling the diameter and size of the pupil and the amount of light reaching the retina. 9
GO:0048536 spleen development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the spleen over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The spleen is a large vascular lymphatic organ composed of white and red pulp, involved both in hemopoietic and immune system functions. 9
GO:0048235 pollen sperm cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a haploid sperm cell within the plant gametophyte. 9
GO:0035909 aorta morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of an aorta are generated and organized. An aorta is an artery that carries blood from the heart to other parts of the body. 9
GO:0014032 neural crest cell development The process aimed at the progression of a neural crest cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to its specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. 9
GO:0014009 glial cell proliferation The multiplication or reproduction of glial cells by cell division, resulting in the expansion of their population. Glial cells exist throughout the nervous system, and include Schwann cells, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes among others. 9
GO:0042063 gliogenesis The process that results in the generation of glial cells. This includes the production of glial progenitors and their differentiation into mature glia. 9
GO:0001736 establishment of planar polarity Coordinated organization of groups of cells in the plane of an epithelium, such that they all orient to similar coordinates. 9
GO:0001754 eye photoreceptor cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a photoreceptor cell, as found in the eye, the primary visual organ of most organisms. 9
GO:0010228 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem The process involved in transforming a meristem that produces vegetative structures, such as leaves, into a meristem that produces reproductive structures, such as a flower or an inflorescence. 9
GO:0048745 smooth muscle tissue development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of smooth muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. 9
GO:0048840 otolith development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the otolith over time, from its formation to the mature structure. 9
GO:0060487 lung epithelial cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an epithelial cell that contributes to the epithelium of the lung. 9
GO:0045138 tail tip morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of the male copulatory structure in nematodes are generated and organized. The copulatory apparatus is a specialized tail structure reshaped during late post-embryonic development, that includes a fan-like arrangement of nine pairs of chemosensory organs known as rays, sclerotized spicules, the gubernaculum, the hook sensillum, and associated musculature. 9
GO:0072197 ureter morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of the ureter are generated and organized. The ureter is a muscular tube that transports urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder. 9
GO:0048711 positive regulation of astrocyte differentiation Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of astrocyte differentiation. 9
GO:0060999 positive regulation of dendritic spine development Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of dendritic spine development, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the dendritic spine over time, from its formation to the mature structure. 9
GO:0070584 mitochondrion morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of a mitochondrion are generated and organized. 9
GO:0060415 muscle tissue morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of muscle tissue are generated and organized. Muscle tissue consists of a set of cells that are part of an organ and carry out a contractive function. 9
GO:0048715 negative regulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of oligodendrocyte differentiation. 9
GO:0003161 cardiac conduction system development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cardiac conduction system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cardiac conduction system consists of specialized cardiomyocytes that regulate the frequency of heart beat. 9
GO:0048569 post-embryonic organ development Development, taking place during the post-embryonic phase, of a tissue or tissues that work together to perform a specific function or functions. Development pertains to the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a structure over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions. 9
GO:0048542 lymph gland development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lymph gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The lymph gland is one of the sites of hemocyte differentiation. It consists of three to six bilaterally paired lobes that are attached to the cardioblasts during larval stages, and it degenerates during pupal stages. 9
GO:0046534 positive regulation of photoreceptor cell differentiation Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of photoreceptor cell differentiation. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster. 9
GO:0071599 otic vesicle development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the otic vesicle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The otic vesicle is a transient embryonic structure formed during development of the vertebrate inner ear. 9
GO:0001656 metanephros development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephros over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In mammals, the metanephros is the excretory organ of the fetus, which develops into the mature kidney and is formed from the rear portion of the nephrogenic cord. The metanephros is an endocrine and metabolic organ that filters the blood and excretes the end products of body metabolism in the form of urine. 8
GO:0048844 artery morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of arterial blood vessels are generated and organized. Arteries are blood vessels that transport blood from the heart to the body and its organs. 8
GO:0021521 ventral spinal cord interneuron specification The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a ventral spinal cord interneuron in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway. 8
GO:0055007 cardiac muscle cell differentiation The process in which a cardiac muscle precursor cell acquires specialized features of a cardiac muscle cell. Cardiac muscle cells are striated muscle cells that are responsible for heart contraction. 8
GO:0055015 ventricular cardiac muscle cell development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a ventricular cardiac muscle cell over time, from its formation to the mature state. Cardiac muscle cells are striated muscle cells that are responsible for heart contraction. The ventricle is the part of the heart that pumps blood out of the organ. 8
GO:0048864 stem cell development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the stem cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to its specific fate. 8
GO:0046667 compound eye retinal cell programmed cell death Programmed cell death that occurs in the retina to remove excess cells between ommatidia, thus resulting in a hexagonal lattice, precise with respect to cell number and position surrounding each ommatidium. 8
GO:0042078 germ-line stem cell division The self-renewing division of a germline stem cell to produce a daughter stem cell and a daughter germ cell, which will divide to form the gametes. 8
GO:0097104 postsynaptic membrane assembly The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a postsynaptic membrane, a specialized area of membrane facing the presynaptic membrane on the tip of the nerve ending and separated from it by a minute cleft (the synaptic cleft). 8
GO:0060348 bone development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of bone over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Bone is the hard skeletal connective tissue consisting of both mineral and cellular components. 8
GO:0021984 adenohypophysis development The progression of the adenohypophysis over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The adenohypophysis is the anterior part of the pituitary. It secretes a variety of hormones and its function is regulated by the hypothalamus. 8
GO:0021913 regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in ventral spinal cord interneuron specification Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter that results in the commitment of a cell to become an interneuron in the ventral spinal cord. 8
GO:0042491 auditory receptor cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an auditory hair cell. 8
GO:0048800 antennal morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of the antenna are generated and organized. 8
GO:0048592 eye morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of the eye are generated and organized. 8
GO:0072075 metanephric mesenchyme development The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a metanephric mesenchyme from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of metanephric mesenchyme and ends with the mature structure. Metanephric mesenchyme is the tissue made up of loosely connected mesenchymal cells in the metanephros. 8
GO:0021551 central nervous system morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structure of the central nervous system is generated and organized. The central nervous system is the core nervous system that serves an integrating and coordinating function. In vertebrates it consists of the brain, spinal cord and spinal nerves. In those invertebrates with a central nervous system it typically consists of a brain, cerebral ganglia and a nerve cord. 8
GO:0021912 regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in spinal cord motor neuron fate specification Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter that results the commitment of a cell to become a motor neuron in the ventral spinal cord. 8
GO:0021514 ventral spinal cord interneuron differentiation The process in which neuroepithelial cells in the neural tube acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of ventral spinal cord interneurons. Ventral spinal cord interneurons are cells located in the ventral portion of the spinal cord that transmit signals between sensory and motor neurons and are required for reflexive responses. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate. 8
GO:0060349 bone morphogenesis The process in which bones are generated and organized. 8
GO:0001541 ovarian follicle development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ovarian follicle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. 8
GO:0060235 lens induction in camera-type eye Signaling at short range between the head ectoderm and the optic vesicle that results in the head ectoderm forming a lens. 8
GO:0030850 prostate gland development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the prostate gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The prostate gland is a partly muscular, partly glandular body that is situated near the base of the mammalian male urethra and secretes an alkaline viscid fluid which is a major constituent of the ejaculatory fluid. 8
GO:0035017 cuticle pattern formation The regionalization process that gives rise to the patterns of cell differentiation in the cuticle. 8
GO:0048599 oocyte development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an oocyte over time, from initial commitment of the cell to its specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. 8
GO:0003357 noradrenergic neuron differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an noradrenergic neuron, a neuron that secretes noradrenaline. 8
GO:0016334 establishment or maintenance of polarity of follicular epithelium Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of a polarized follicular epithelial sheet. 8
GO:0048841 regulation of axon extension involved in axon guidance Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of axon extension involved in axon guidance. 8
GO:0021794 thalamus development The process in which the thalamus changes over time, from its initial formation to its mature state. 8
GO:0003136 negative regulation of heart induction by canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway Any canonical Wnt receptor signaling that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of heart induction. 8
GO:0030217 T cell differentiation The process in which a precursor cell type acquires characteristics of a more mature T-cell. A T cell is a type of lymphocyte whose definin characteristic is the expression of a T cell receptor complex. 8
GO:0002076 osteoblast development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an osteoblast over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Osteoblast development does not include the steps involved in committing a cranial neural crest cell or an osteoprogenitor cell to an osteoblast fate. An osteoblast is a cell that gives rise to bone. 8
GO:0001893 maternal placenta development Maternally driven process whose specific outcome is the progression of the placenta over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The placenta is an organ of metabolic interchange between fetus and mother, partly of embryonic origin and partly of maternal origin. 8
GO:0048852 diencephalon morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of the diencephalon are generated and organized. The diencephalon is the paired caudal parts of the prosencephalon from which the thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus and subthalamus are derived; these regions regulate autonomic, visceral and endocrine function, and process information directed to the cerebral cortex. 8
GO:0048364 root development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the root over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The root is the water- and mineral-absorbing part of a plant which is usually underground, does not bear leaves, tends to grow downwards and is typically derived from the radicle of the embryo. 8
GO:0061029 eyelid development in camera-type eye The progression of the eyelid in a camera-type eye from its formation to the mature state. The eyelid is a membranous cover that helps protect and lubricate the eye. 8
GO:0035799 ureter maturation A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the ureter to attain its fully functional state. The ureter is a muscular tube that transports urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder or from the Malpighian tubule to the hindgut. 8
GO:0060042 retina morphogenesis in camera-type eye The process in which the anatomical structure of the retina is generated and organized. 7
GO:0014044 Schwann cell development The process aimed at the progression of a Schwann cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. Schwann cells are found in the peripheral nervous system, where they insulate neurons and axons, and regulate the environment in which neurons function. 7
GO:0003281 ventricular septum development The progression of the ventricular septum over time from its formation to the mature structure. 7
GO:0014813 satellite cell commitment The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a satellite cell. 7
GO:0030225 macrophage differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized monocyte acquires the specialized features of a macrophage. 7
GO:0001890 placenta development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the placenta over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The placenta is an organ of metabolic interchange between fetus and mother, partly of embryonic origin and partly of maternal origin. 7
GO:0002089 lens morphogenesis in camera-type eye The process in which the anatomical structures of the lens are generated and organized. The lens is a transparent structure in the eye through which light is focused onto the retina. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus. 7
GO:0039020 pronephric nephron tubule development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a pronephric nephron tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The pronephric nephron tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the pronephric nephron and connects the filtration unit (glomerulus or glomus) of the pronephros to the pronephric duct. 7
GO:0032808 lacrimal gland development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lacrimal gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The lacrimal gland produces secretions that lubricate and protect the cornea of the eye. 7
GO:0001944 vasculature development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the vasculature over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The vasculature is an interconnected tubular multi-tissue structure that contains fluid that is actively transported around the organism. 7
GO:0061299 retina vasculature morphogenesis in camera-type eye The process in which the vasculature of the retina is generated and organized. 7
GO:0035051 cardiocyte differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a cell that will form part of the cardiac organ of an individual. 7
GO:0050775 positive regulation of dendrite morphogenesis Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of dendrite morphogenesis. 7
GO:0021796 cerebral cortex regionalization The regionalization process that results in the creation of areas within the cerebral cortex that will direct the behavior of cell migration and differentiation as the cortex develops. 7
GO:0021575 hindbrain morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structure of the hindbrain is generated and organized. The hindbrain is the region consisting of the medulla, pons and cerebellum. Areas of the hindbrain control motor and autonomic functions. 7
GO:0021797 forebrain anterior/posterior pattern specification The creation of specific areas of progenitor domains along the anterior-posterior axis of the developing forebrain. 7
GO:0035224 genital disc anterior/posterior pattern formation The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the anterior/posterior axis of the genital disc. An anterior and posterior compartment form in each of the three genital disc primoridia (the female genital disc primordium, the male genital disc primordium and the anal primordium). 7
GO:0060022 hard palate development The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of the hard palate from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the structure and ends with the mature structure, whatever form that may be including its natural destruction. The hard palate is the anterior portion of the palate consisting of bone and mucous membranes. 7
GO:0007521 muscle cell fate determination The cell fate determination process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a muscle cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed. 7
GO:0060856 establishment of blood-brain barrier Establishment of the barrier between the blood and the brain. The cells in the brain are packed tightly together preventing the passage of most molecules from the blood into the brain. Only lipid soluble molecules or those that are actively transported can pass through the blood-brain barrier. 7
GO:0060253 negative regulation of glial cell proliferation Any process that stops or decreases the rate or extent of glial cell proliferation. 7
GO:0042051 compound eye photoreceptor development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a light-responsive receptor in the compound eye over time, from its formation to the mature structure. 7
GO:0030325 adrenal gland development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the adrenal gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. This gland can either be a discrete structure located bilaterally above each kidney, or a cluster of cells in the head kidney that perform the functions of the adrenal gland. In either case, this organ consists of two cells types, aminergic chromaffin cells and steroidogenic cortical cells. 7
GO:0007309 oocyte axis specification The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of an axis in the oocyte. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster. 7
GO:0021515 cell differentiation in spinal cord The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells of the spinal cord. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate. 7
GO:0007527 adult somatic muscle development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the adult somatic muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. 7
GO:0097114 N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor clustering The receptor clustering process in which N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors are localized to distinct domains in the cell membrane. 7
GO:0002063 chondrocyte development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a chondrocyte over time, from its commitment to its mature state. Chondrocyte development does not include the steps involved in committing a chondroblast to a chondrocyte fate. 7
GO:0031424 keratinization The process in which the cytoplasm of the outermost cells of the vertebrate epidermis is replaced by keratin. Keratinization occurs in the stratum corneum, feathers, hair, claws, nails, hooves, and horns. 7
GO:0022011 myelination in peripheral nervous system The process in which neuronal axons and dendrites become coated with a segmented lipid-rich sheath (myelin) to enable faster and more energetically efficient conduction of electrical impulses. The sheath is formed by the cell membranes of Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system. Adjacent myelin segments are separated by a non-myelinated stretch of axon called a node of Ranvier. 7
GO:0048705 skeletal system morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of the skeleton are generated and organized. 7
GO:0060384 innervation The process in which a nerve invades a tissue and makes functional synaptic connection within the tissue. 7
GO:0061061 muscle structure development The progression of a muscle structure over time, from its formation to its mature state. Muscle structures are contractile cells, tissues or organs that are found in multicellular organisms. 7
GO:0003323 type B pancreatic cell development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a type B pancreatic cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A type B pancreatic cell is a cell located towards center of the islets of Langerhans that secretes insulin. 7
GO:0061303 cornea development in camera-type eye The progression of the cornea over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cornea is the transparent structure that covers the anterior of the eye. 7
GO:0060484 lung-associated mesenchyme development The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a lung-associated mesenchyme from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of lung-associated mesenchyme and ends with the mature structure. Lung-associated mesenchyme is the tissue made up of loosely connected mesenchymal cells in the lung. 7
GO:0021545 cranial nerve development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cranial nerves over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cranial nerves are composed of twelve pairs of nerves that emanate from the nervous tissue of the hindbrain. These nerves are sensory, motor, or mixed in nature, and provide the motor and general sensory innervation of the head, neck and viscera. They mediate vision, hearing, olfaction and taste and carry the parasympathetic innervation of the autonomic ganglia that control visceral functions. 7
GO:0035239 tube morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of a tube are generated and organized. Epithelial and endothelial tubes transport gases, liquids and cells from one site to another and form the basic structure of many organs and tissues, with tube shape and organization varying from the single-celled excretory organ in Caenorhabditis elegans to the branching trees of the mammalian kidney and insect tracheal system. 7
GO:0003334 keratinocyte development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a keratinocyte over time, from its formation to the mature structure. 7
GO:0060065 uterus development The reproductive developmental process whose specific outcome is the progression of the uterus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. 7
GO:0035293 chitin-based larval cuticle pattern formation The process that gives rise to the patterns of cell differentiation in the chitin-based larval cuticle. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster. 7
GO:0021778 oligodendrocyte cell fate specification The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an oligodendrocyte in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway. Upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed. 7
GO:0010002 cardioblast differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized mesodermal cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a cardioblast. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating. 7
GO:0007526 larval somatic muscle development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the larval somatic muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. 7
GO:0021510 spinal cord development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the spinal cord over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The spinal cord primarily conducts sensory and motor nerve impulses between the brain and the peripheral nervous tissues. 7
GO:0021799 cerebral cortex radially oriented cell migration The migration of cells in the developing cerebral cortex in which cells move from the ventricular and/or subventricular zone toward the surface of the brain. 7
GO:0048534 hematopoietic or lymphoid organ development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of any organ involved in hematopoiesis (also known as hemopoiesis) or lymphoid cell activation over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Such development includes differentiation of resident cell types (stromal cells) and of migratory cell types dependent on the unique microenvironment afforded by the organ for their proper differentiation. 7
GO:0007442 hindgut morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of the hindgut are generated and organized. 6
GO:0035222 wing disc pattern formation The process giving rise to the pattern of cell differentiation in the wing imaginal disc. 6
GO:0035225 determination of genital disc primordium Allocation of embryonic cells to the genital imaginal disc founder populations. Early in development at the blastoderm stage, the anlage of the genital disc of both sexes consists of three primordia: the female genital primoridum lcoated anteriorly, the anal primoridum located posteriorly, and the male gential primordium between the two. 6
GO:0043282 pharyngeal muscle development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pharyngeal muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A pharyngeal muscle is any muscle that forms part of the pharynx. 6
GO:0048132 female germ-line stem cell division The self-renewing division of a germline stem cell in the female gonad, to produce a daughter stem cell and a daughter germ cell, which will divide to form the female gametes. 6
GO:0003208 cardiac ventricle morphogenesis The process in which the cardiac ventricle is generated and organized. A cardiac ventricle receives blood from a cardiac atrium and pumps it out of the heart. 6
GO:0048532 anatomical structure arrangement The process that gives rise to the configuration of the constituent parts of an anatomical structure. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. Anatomical structures can be macroscopic such as a carpel, or microscopic such as an acrosome. 6
GO:0021589 cerebellum structural organization The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the cerebellum. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. The cerebellum is the portion of the brain in the back of the head between the cerebrum and the pons. The cerebellum controls balance for walking and standing, modulates the force and range of movement and is involved in the learning of motor skills. 6
GO:0007438 oenocyte development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the oenocyte over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The oenocytes are large secretory cells found in clusters underlying the epidermis of larval abdominal segments. 6
GO:0021902 commitment of neuronal cell to specific neuron type in forebrain The commitment of neuronal precursor cells to become specialized types of neurons in the forebrain. 6
GO:0007516 hemocyte development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the hemocyte over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Hemocytes are blood cells associated with a hemocoel (the cavity containing most of the major organs of the arthropod body) which are involved in defense and clotting of hemolymph, but not involved in transport of oxygen. 6
GO:0021884 forebrain neuron development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron that resides in the forebrain, from its initial commitment to its fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. 6
GO:0035284 brain segmentation Division of the brain into a series of semi-repetitive parts or segments. 6
GO:0060322 head development The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a head from an initial condition to its mature state. The head is the anterior-most division of the body. 6
GO:0035152 regulation of tube architecture, open tracheal system Ensuring that tracheal cells form and maintain tubular structures with the correct size and shape for their position in the network. This is essential for efficient flow of gases through the tracheal network. 6
GO:0048785 hatching gland development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the hatching gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cells of the hatching gland contain enzymes responsible for solubilization of the egg chorion, facilitating the hatching process. 6
GO:0007290 spermatid nucleus elongation The change in shape of the spermatid nucleus from a spherical structure to an elongated organelle, during the latter part of spermatid differentiation. 6
GO:0001946 lymphangiogenesis Lymph vessel formation when new vessels emerge from the proliferation of pre-existing vessels. 6
GO:0048821 erythrocyte development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an erythrocyte over time, from its formation to the mature structure. 6
GO:0014010 Schwann cell proliferation The multiplication or reproduction of Schwann cells, resulting in the expansion of their population. Schwann cells are a type of glial cell in the peripheral nervous system. 6
GO:0030517 negative regulation of axon extension Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of axon outgrowth. 6
GO:0003180 aortic valve morphogenesis The process in which the structure of the aortic valve is generated and organized. 6
GO:0060413 atrial septum morphogenesis The developmental process in which atrial septum is generated and organized. The atrial septum separates the upper chambers (the atria) of the heart from one another. 6
GO:0060913 cardiac cell fate determination The process involved in cardiac cell fate commitment. Once determination has taken place, a cell becomes committed to differentiate down a particular pathway regardless of its environment. 6
GO:0048318 axial mesoderm development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the axial mesoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The axial mesoderm includes the prechordal mesoderm and the chordamesoderm. It gives rise to the prechordal plate and to the notochord. 6
GO:0048134 germ-line cyst formation Formation of a group of interconnected cells derived from a single gonial founder cell. 6
GO:0048240 sperm capacitation A process required for sperm to reach fertilization competence. Sperm undergo an incompletely understood series of morphological and molecular maturational processes, termed capacitation, involving, among other processes, protein tyrosine phosphorylation and increased intracellular calcium. 6
GO:0010159 specification of organ position The regionalization process in which information that determines the correct position at which organ primordia are formed is generated and perceived resulting in correct positioning of the new organ. 6
GO:0060009 Sertoli cell development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a Sertoli cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a Sertoli cell fate. 6
GO:0072221 metanephric distal convoluted tubule development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric distal convoluted tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephric distal convoluted tubule is a portion of the metanephric nephron tubule that connects the metanephric loop of Henle to the collecting duct. 6
GO:0060113 inner ear receptor cell differentiation The process in which relatively unspecialized cells, acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of inner ear receptor cells. Inner ear receptor cells are mechanorecptors found in the inner ear responsible for transducing signals involved in balance and sensory perception of sound. 6
GO:0035320 imaginal disc-derived wing hair site selection Determination of the site in the cell of an imaginal disc-derived wing at which a prehair initiates outgrowth. Restriction of prehair initiation to the distalmost part of a cell is essential to ensure that each wing epithelial cell produces one adult hair that points distally. 6
GO:0033339 pectoral fin development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pectoral fin over time, from its formation to the mature structure. 6
GO:0001502 cartilage condensation The condensation of mesenchymal cells that have been committed to differentiate into chondrocytes. 6
GO:0021798 forebrain dorsal/ventral pattern formation The formation of specific regional progenitor domains along the dorsal-ventral axis in the developing forebrain. 6
GO:0007552 metamorphosis A biological process in which an animal physically develops after birth or hatching, involving a conspicuous and relatively abrupt change in the animal's form or structure. Examples include the change from tadpole to frog, and the change from larva to adult. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster. 6
GO:0048767 root hair elongation The process in which the root hair grows longer. 6
GO:0021918 regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in somatic motor neuron fate commitment Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter that contributes to the commitment of spinal cord motor neurons to specific motor neuron types along the anterior-posterior axis. 6
GO:0043704 photoreceptor cell fate specification The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a photoreceptor cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway. Upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed. 6
GO:0048100 wing disc anterior/posterior pattern formation The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the anterior/posterior axis of the wing disc, a precursor to the wing. 6
GO:0071340 skeletal muscle acetylcholine-gated channel clustering The accumulation of acetylcholine-gated cation channels in a narrow, central region of muscle fibers, in apposition to nerve terminals. 6
GO:0021670 lateral ventricle development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lateral ventricles over time, from the formation to the mature structure. The two lateral ventricles are a cavity in each of the cerebral hemispheres derived from the cavity of the embryonic neural tube. They are separated from each other by the septum pellucidum, and each communicates with the third ventricle by the foramen of Monro, through which also the choroid plexuses of the lateral ventricles become continuous with that of the third ventricle. 6
GO:0060028 convergent extension involved in axis elongation The morphogenetic process in which an epithelium narrows along one axis and lengthens in a perpendicular axis contributing to the lengthening of the axis of an organism. 6
GO:0021517 ventral spinal cord development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ventral region of the spinal cord over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The neurons of the ventral region of the mature spinal cord participate in motor output. 6
GO:0048664 neuron fate determination The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a neuron regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed. 6
GO:0045500 sevenless signaling pathway A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to sevenless (sev; a receptor tyrosine kinase) on the surface of a target cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. 6
GO:0007482 haltere development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the haltere over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The haltere is the club-shaped 'balancers' found on each side of the metathorax among the true flies (Diptera). They are the much-modified hind wings. 6
GO:0060119 inner ear receptor cell development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an inner ear receptor cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a specific fate. 6
GO:0003322 pancreatic A cell development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a pancreatic A cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A pancreatic A cell is a cell in the pancreas that secretes glucagon. 6
GO:0007444 imaginal disc development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the imaginal disc over time, from its formation to the metamorphosis to form adult structures. Imaginal discs are epithelial infoldings in the larvae of holometabolous insects that develop into adult structures (legs, antennae, wings, etc.). 6
GO:0042699 follicle-stimulating hormone signaling pathway The series of molecular signals mediated by follicle-stimulating hormone. 6
GO:0014013 regulation of gliogenesis Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gliogenesis, the formation of mature glia. 5
GO:0035309 wing and notum subfield formation The regionalization process that subdivides the wing imaginal disc into the wing and notum (body wall) subfields, thus determining whether cells ultimately differentiate wing or notum-specific structures. 5
GO:0021675 nerve development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a nerve over time, from its formation to the mature structure. 5
GO:0021633 optic nerve structural organization The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the optic nerve. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. The sensory optic nerve originates from the bipolar cells of the retina and conducts visual information to the brainstem. The optic nerve exits the back of the eye in the orbit, enters the optic canal, and enters the central nervous system at the optic chiasm (crossing) where the nerve fibers become the optic tract just prior to entering the hindbrain. 5
GO:0060574 intestinal epithelial cell maturation The developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a columna/cuboidal epithelial cell of the intestine to attain its fully functional state. A columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell of the intestine mature as they migrate from the intestinal crypt to the villus. 5
GO:0048714 positive regulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of oligodendrocyte differentiation. 5
GO:0000909 sporocarp development involved in sexual reproduction The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a fruiting body organ over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The fruiting body is a spore bearing structure. In fungi, the sporocarp (also known as fruiting body) is a multicellular structure on which spore-producing structures, such as basidia or asci, are borne. The fruiting body is part of the sexual phase of a fungal life cycle, with the rest of the life cycle being characterized by vegetative mycelial growth. The sporocarp of a basidiomycete is known as a basidiocarp, while the fruiting body of an ascomycete is known as an ascocarp. A significant range of different shapes and morphologies is found in both basidiocarps and ascocarps; these features play an important role in the identification and taxonomy of fungi. 5
GO:0060164 regulation of timing of neuron differentiation The process controlling the activation and/or rate at which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires features of a neuron. 5
GO:0048036 central complex development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the central complex over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The central complex region of the insect brain is thought to be crucial for control of locomotive behavior. Located in the middle of the two protocerebral hemispheres, it comprises four neuropilar regions, the fan-shaped body, the ellipsoid body, the protocerebral bridge and the paired noduli. 5
GO:0060219 camera-type eye photoreceptor cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a photoreceptor cell in a camera-type eye. 5
GO:0014003 oligodendrocyte development The process aimed at the progression of an oligodendrocyte over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. An oligodendrocyte is a type of glial cell involved in myelinating the axons in the central nervous system. 5
GO:0033327 Leydig cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a Leydig cell. A Leydig cell is a testosterone-secreting cell in the interstitial area, between the seminiferous tubules, in the testis. 5
GO:0048539 bone marrow development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the bone marrow over time, from its formation to the mature structure. 5
GO:0061360 optic chiasma development The developmental process pertaining to the progression of the optic chiasm from its initial formation to the mature structure. The process begins when the pathfinding of the axons of the developing optic nerve cause some axons to cross at the midline of the brain and ends when the axons are mature. 5
GO:0021536 diencephalon development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the diencephalon over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The diencephalon is the paired caudal parts of the prosencephalon from which the thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus and subthalamus are derived; these regions regulate autonomic, visceral and endocrine function, and process information directed to the cerebral cortex. 5
GO:0007308 oocyte construction The synthesis, deposition, and organization of the materials in a cell of an ovary; where the cell can then undergo meiosis and form an ovum. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster. 5
GO:0060750 epithelial cell proliferation involved in mammary gland duct elongation The multiplication or reproduction of mammary gland branch epithelial cells, resulting in the elongation of the branch. The mammary gland branch differs from the bud in that it is not the initial curved portion of the outgrowth. 5
GO:0060575 intestinal epithelial cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell of the intestine. 5
GO:0007164 establishment of tissue polarity Coordinated organization of groups of cells in a tissue, such that they all orient to similar coordinates. 5
GO:0043931 ossification involved in bone maturation The formation of bone or of a bony substance, or the conversion of fibrous tissue or of cartilage into bone, involved in the progression of the skeleton from its formation to its mature state. 5
GO:0061205 paramesonephric duct development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the paramesonephric duct over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Mullerian ducts (or paramesonephric ducts) are paired ducts of the embryo that run down the lateral sides of the urogenital ridge and terminate at the mullerian eminence in the primitive urogenital sinus. In the female, they will develop to form the fallopian tubes, uterus, cervix, and the upper portion of the vagina; in the male, they are lost. These ducts are made of tissue of mesodermal origin. 5
GO:0030539 male genitalia development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the male genitalia over time, from its formation to the mature structure. 5
GO:0035214 eye-antennal disc development Progression of the eye-antennal imaginal disc over time, from its initial formation through to its metamorphosis to form adult structures including the eye, antenna, head capsule and maxillary palps. 5
GO:0060993 kidney morphogenesis Morphogenesis of a kidney. A kidney is an organ that filters the blood and excretes the end products of body metabolism in the form of urine. 5
GO:0007310 oocyte dorsal/ventral axis specification The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the dorsal/ventral axis of the oocyte. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster. 5
GO:0061327 anterior Malpighian tubule development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the anterior Malpighian tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The pair of anterior tubules arise from a dorsal region of the embryonic hindgut and projects forwards through the body cavity. A Malpighian tubule is a fine, thin-walled excretory tubule in insects which connects with the posterior part of the gut. 5
GO:0001958 endochondral ossification Replacement ossification wherein bone tissue replaces cartilage. 5
GO:0007403 glial cell fate determination The cell fate determination process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a glial cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed. 5
GO:0001746 Bolwig's organ morphogenesis The morphogenetic process in which the anatomical structures of the larval eye in Drosophila are generated and organized. The larval eye in Drosophila is a relatively simple sensory system composed of Bolwig's organs: two clusters, each composed of 12 photoreceptor cells from which axons extend in a single fascicle to the brain. 5
GO:0016200 synaptic target attraction The process in which a neuronal cell in a multicellular organism recognizes chemoattractant signals from, and grows towards, potential targets. 5
GO:0060749 mammary gland alveolus development The progression of the mammary gland alveolus over time, from its formation to its mature state. The mammary gland alveolus is a sac-like structure that is found in the mature gland. 5
GO:0045161 neuronal ion channel clustering The process in which voltage-gated ion channels become localized to distinct subcellular domains in the neuron. Specific targeting, clustering, and maintenance of these channels in their respective domains are essential to achieve high conduction velocities of action potential propagation. 5
GO:0072162 metanephric mesenchymal cell differentiation The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the mesenchymal cells of the metanephros as it progresses from its formation to the mature state. 5
GO:0030098 lymphocyte differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized precursor cell acquires specialized features of a lymphocyte. A lymphocyte is a leukocyte commonly found in the blood and lymph that has the characteristics of a large nucleus, a neutral staining cytoplasm, and prominent heterochromatin. 5
GO:0003214 cardiac left ventricle morphogenesis The process in which the left cardiac ventricle is generated and organized. 5
GO:0021872 forebrain generation of neurons The process in which nerve cells are generated in the forebrain. This includes the production of neuroblasts from and their differentiation into neurons. 5
GO:0035002 liquid clearance, open tracheal system The clearance of liquid from the epithelial tubes of an open tracheal system, shortly before the emergence of the larva, to generate an air-filled tubule system. 5
GO:0048762 mesenchymal cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a mesenchymal cell. A mesenchymal cell is a loosely associated cell that is part of the connective tissue in an organism. Mesenchymal cells give rise to more mature connective tissue cell types. 5
GO:0072205 metanephric collecting duct development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a collecting duct in the metanephros over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The collecting duct responds to vasopressin and aldosterone to regulate water, electrolyte and acid-base balance. The collecting duct is the final common path through which urine flows before entering the ureter and then emptying into the bladder. 5
GO:0007488 histoblast morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures derived from the histoblast disc are generated and organized. This includes the transformation of histoblast cells into adult structures during pupal metamorphosis. Histoblast cells are cells founded in the embryo that are the progenitors to the adult abdomen. 5
GO:0060018 astrocyte fate commitment The commitment of a cells to a specific astrocyte fate and its restriction to develop only into an astrocyte. 5
GO:0055002 striated muscle cell development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a striated muscle cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Striated muscle cells contain fibers that are divided by transverse bands into striations, and cardiac and skeletal muscle are types of striated muscle. 5
GO:0009933 meristem structural organization Organization of a region of tissue in a plant that is composed of one or more undifferentiated cells capable of undergoing mitosis and differentiation, thereby effecting growth and development of a plant by giving rise to more meristem or specialized tissue. 5
GO:0045676 regulation of R7 cell differentiation Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of R7 differentiation. 5
GO:0007472 wing disc morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures derived from the wing disc are generated and organized. This includes the transformation of a wing imaginal disc from a monolayered epithelium in the larvae of holometabolous insects into recognizable adult structures including the wing hinge, wing blade and pleura. 5
GO:0042461 photoreceptor cell development Development of a photoreceptor, a cell that responds to incident electromagnetic radiation, particularly visible light. 5
GO:0042693 muscle cell fate commitment The process in which the cellular identity of muscle cells is acquired and determined. 5
GO:0002074 extraocular skeletal muscle development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the extraocular skeletal muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The extraocular muscle is derived from cranial mesoderm and controls eye movements. The muscle begins its development with the differentiation of the muscle cells and ends with the mature muscle. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus. 5
GO:0042676 compound eye cone cell fate commitment The process in which the cone cells of the compound eye, the lens-secreting cells in the ommatidia, adopt pathways of differentiation that lead to the establishment of their distinct cell type. 5
GO:0048630 skeletal muscle tissue growth The increase in size or mass of a skeletal muscle. This may be due to a change in the fiber number or size. 5
GO:0045313 rhabdomere membrane biogenesis A process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a rhabdomere membrane. 5
GO:0035001 dorsal trunk growth, open tracheal system Growth of epithelial tubes that originate from pits in an open tracheal system and grow towards each other to meet and form a continuous open tube called the dorsal trunk. The dorsal trunk extends from the anterior spiracle to the posterior spiracle of the larva and forms the main airway of the insect tracheal system. 5
GO:0007440 foregut morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of the foregut are generated and organized. 5
GO:0010623 developmental programmed cell death The activation of endogenous cellular processes that result in the death of a cell as part of its development. 5
GO:0010078 maintenance of root meristem identity The process in which an organism retains a population of root meristem cells, preventing the commitment of all stem cell progeny to a differentiated cell fate. 5
GO:0003360 brainstem development The progression of the brainstem from its formation to the mature structure. The brainstem is the part of the brain that connects the brain with the spinal cord. 5
GO:0010197 polar nucleus fusion The merging of the polar nuclei, the two nuclei contained within the same cell that are created from the mitotic division of the megaspore during angiosperm reproduction. Polar nuclear fusion takes place in the ovule, forming in the fusion nucleus and giving rise to the endosperm when fertilized. 5
GO:0060252 positive regulation of glial cell proliferation Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of glial cell proliferation. 5
GO:0060425 lung morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of the lung are generated and organized. 5
GO:0060577 pulmonary vein morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structure of the pulmonary venous blood vessels are generated and organized. Pulmonary veins are blood vessels that transport blood from the lungs to the heart. 5
GO:0021615 glossopharyngeal nerve morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structure of the glossopharyngeal nerve is generated and organized. Various sensory and motor branches of the glossopharyngeal nerve supply nerve connections to the pharynx and back of the tongue. The branchial motor component contains motor fibers that innervate muscles that elevate the pharynx and larynx, and the tympanic branch supplies parasympathetic fibers to the otic ganglion. 5
GO:0048843 negative regulation of axon extension involved in axon guidance Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of axon extension involved in axon guidance. 5
GO:0030516 regulation of axon extension Any process that modulates the rate, direction or extent of axon extension. 5
GO:0072177 mesonephric duct development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a mesonephric duct over time, from its initial formation to a mature structure. A mesonephric duct is a tube drains the mesonephros. 5
GO:0060480 lung goblet cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a lung goblet cell. A goblet cell is a cell of the epithelial lining that produces and secretes mucins. 5
GO:0033151 V(D)J recombination The process in which immune receptor V, D, and J, or V and J gene segments, depending on the specific receptor, are recombined within a single locus utilizing the conserved heptamer and nonomer recombination signal sequences (RSS). 5
GO:0003179 heart valve morphogenesis The process in which the structure of a heart valve is generated and organized. 5
GO:0035566 regulation of metanephros size Any process that modulates the size of a metanephric kidney. 5
GO:0048486 parasympathetic nervous system development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the parasympathetic nervous system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The parasympathetic nervous system is one of the two divisions of the vertebrate autonomic nervous system. Parasympathetic nerves emerge cranially as pre ganglionic fibers from oculomotor, facial, glossopharyngeal and vagus and from the sacral region of the spinal cord. Most neurons are cholinergic and responses are mediated by muscarinic receptors. The parasympathetic system innervates, for example: salivary glands, thoracic and abdominal viscera, bladder and genitalia. 5
GO:0035158 regulation of tube diameter, open tracheal system Ensuring that a tube in an open tracheal system is of the correct diameter. When primary branches form their lumens are small (less than 2 micrometers) in caliber and must undergo regulated expansion during larval life to reach their mature size. 5
GO:0045686 negative regulation of glial cell differentiation Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glia cell differentiation. 5
GO:0007506 gonadal mesoderm development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the gonadal mesoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The gonadal mesoderm is the middle layer of the three primary germ layers of the embryo which will go on to form the gonads of the organism. 5
GO:0003215 cardiac right ventricle morphogenesis The process in which the right cardiac ventricle is generated and organized. 5
GO:0010162 seed dormancy process A dormancy process in which dormancy (sometimes called a dormant state) is induced, maintained or broken in a seed. Seed dormancy is a suspension of most physiological activity and growth in a seed, including the embryo contained therein, that can be reactivated. It often requires special conditions for reactivation, such as specific temperature, scarification, or leaching of inhibitors. 5
GO:0003209 cardiac atrium morphogenesis The process in which the cardiac atrium is generated and organized. A cardiac atrium receives blood from a vein and pumps it to a cardiac ventricle. 5
GO:0007282 cystoblast division Any of the rounds of incomplete mitosis undergone by a cystoblast to form a cyst of interconnected cells. 5
GO:0000905 sporocarp development involved in asexual reproduction The formation of a spore-bearing structure by fungus where spores will arise from asexual reproduction. 5
GO:0003140 determination of left/right asymmetry in lateral mesoderm The establishment of the lateral mesoderm with respect to the left and right halves. 5
GO:0060744 mammary gland branching involved in thelarche The process in which the branching structure of the mammary gland duct is generated and organized during the period of sexual maturity in mammals. The mammary gland is a large compound sebaceous gland that in female mammals is modified to secrete milk. 5
GO:0035218 leg disc development Progression of the leg imaginal disc over time, from its initial formation through to its metamorphosis to form adult structures including the leg, coxa and ventral thoracic pleura. 5
GO:0072300 positive regulation of metanephric glomerulus development Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of metanephric glomerulus development, the progression of the metanephric glomerulus over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The metanephric glomerulus is a capillary tuft surrounded by Bowman's capsule in nephrons of the vertebrate kidney, or metanephros. 5
GO:0060074 synapse maturation The process that organizes a synapse so that it attains its fully functional state. Synaptic maturation plays a critical role in the establishment of effective synaptic connections in early development. 5
GO:0021559 trigeminal nerve development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the trigeminal nerve over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The trigeminal nerve is composed of three large branches. They are the ophthalmic (V1, sensory), maxillary (V2, sensory) and mandibular (V3, motor and sensory) branches. The sensory ophthalmic branch travels through the superior orbital fissure and passes through the orbit to reach the skin of the forehead and top of the head. The maxillary nerve contains sensory branches that reach the pterygopalatine fossa via the inferior orbital fissure (face, cheek and upper teeth) and pterygopalatine canal (soft and hard palate, nasal cavity and pharynx). The motor part of the mandibular branch is distributed to the muscles of mastication, the mylohyoid muscle and the anterior belly of the digastric. The mandibular nerve also innervates the tensor veli palatini and tensor tympani muscles. The sensory part of the mandibular nerve is composed of branches that carry general sensory information from the mucous membranes of the mouth and cheek, anterior two-thirds of the tongue, lower teeth, skin of the lower jaw, side of the head and scalp and meninges of the anterior and middle cranial fossae. 5
GO:0016204 determination of muscle attachment site The process that mediates the transfer of information from the cells of a muscle to those of its intended target, thereby identifying the target site. 5
GO:0003256 regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in myocardial precursor cell differentiation Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter that contributes to the differentiation of a myocardial precursor cell. 5
GO:0051663 oocyte nucleus localization involved in oocyte dorsal/ventral axis specification The directed movement of the nucleus to a specific location within a cell during the establishment and maintenance of the dorsal/ventral axis of the oocyte. 4
GO:0021542 dentate gyrus development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the dentate gyrus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The dentate gyrus is one of two interlocking gyri of the hippocampus. It contains granule cells, which project to the pyramidal cells and interneurons of the CA3 region of the ammon gyrus. 4
GO:0014018 neuroblast fate specification The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a neuroblast in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway. Upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed. 4
GO:0035160 maintenance of epithelial integrity, open tracheal system Ensuring that tracheal tubes in an open tracheal system maintain their epithelial structure during the cell shape changes and movements that occur during the branching process. 4
GO:0048733 sebaceous gland development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the sebaceous gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. 4
GO:0021592 fourth ventricle development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the fourth ventricle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The fourth ventricle is an irregularly shaped cavity in the rhombencephalon, between the medulla oblongata, the pons, and the isthmus in front, and the cerebellum behind. It is continuous with the central canal of the cord below and with the cerebral aqueduct above, and through its lateral and median apertures it communicates with the subarachnoid space. 4
GO:0035565 regulation of pronephros size Any process that modulates the size of a pronephric kidney. 4
GO:0060916 mesenchymal cell proliferation involved in lung development The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a mesenchymal cell population that contributes to the progression of the lung over time. A mesenchymal cell is a cell that normally gives rise to other cells that are organized as three-dimensional masses, rather than sheets. 4
GO:0060836 lymphatic endothelial cell differentiation The process in which a venous blood vessel endothelial cell acquires specialized features of a lymphatic vessel endothelial cell, a thin flattened cell that lines the inside surfaces of lymph vessels. 4
GO:0048106 establishment of thoracic bristle planar orientation Orientation along the body surface of bristles, sensory organs originating from a sensory organ precursor cell, such that they all point in a uniform direction. 4
GO:0035854 eosinophil fate commitment The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a eosinophil cell. A eosinophil is any of the immature or mature forms of a granular leukocyte with a nucleus that usually has two lobes connected by one or more slender threads of chromatin, and cytoplasm containing coarse, round granules that are uniform in size and which can be stained by the dye eosin. 4
GO:0016336 establishment or maintenance of polarity of larval imaginal disc epithelium Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of a polarized larval imaginal disc epithelium. 4
GO:0043586 tongue development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the tongue over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The tongue is the movable, muscular organ on the floor of the mouth of most vertebrates, in many other mammals is the principal organ of taste, aids in the prehension of food, in swallowing, and in modifying the voice as in speech. 4
GO:0021535 cell migration in hindbrain The orderly movement of a cell that will reside in the hindbrain. 4
GO:0001880 Mullerian duct regression The process in which the Mullerian ducts, primordia of the oviducts, uterus and upper vagina, undergo regression in male embryos. 4
GO:0035271 ring gland development Progression of the ring gland over time, from its formation to a mature structure. The ring gland is a neuroendocrine organ found in higher Dipterans, which is composed of the prothoracic gland, the corpus allatum, and the corpora cardiacum. The ring gland is the site of production and release of ecdysteroids and juvenile hormones. 4
GO:0060446 branching involved in open tracheal system development The process in which the anatomical structures of branches in the open tracheal system are generated and organized. 4
GO:0061001 regulation of dendritic spine morphogenesis Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of dendritic spine morphogenesis, the process in which the anatomical structures of a dendritic spine are generated and organized. A dendritic spine is a protrusion from a dendrite and a specialized subcellular compartment involved in synaptic transmission. 4
GO:0060221 retinal rod cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a retinal rod cell. 4
GO:0048868 pollen tube development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a pollen tube over time, from its initial formation to a mature structure. 4
GO:0048339 paraxial mesoderm development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the paraxial mesoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The paraxial mesoderm is the mesoderm located bilaterally adjacent to the notochord and neural tube. 4
GO:0035922 foramen ovale closure The morphogenetic process in which the foramen ovale closes after birth, to prevent blood flow between the right and left atria. In the fetal heart, the foramen ovale allows blood to enter the left atrium from the right atrium. Closure of the foramen ovale after birth stops this blood flow. 4
GO:0070791 cleistothecium development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cleistothecium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cleistothecium is a closed sexual fruiting body that contains ascospores in linear asci, characteristic of some filamentous Ascomycete fungi such as members of the genera Aspergillus and Emericella. 4
GO:0022037 metencephalon development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metencephalon over time, from its formation to the mature structure. 4
GO:0032835 glomerulus development The progression of the glomerulus over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The glomerulus is a capillary tuft which forms a close network with the visceral epithelium (podocytes) and the mesangium to form the filtration barrier and is surrounded by Bowman's capsule in nephrons of the vertebrate kidney. The glomerulus is part of the nephron and is restricted to one body segment. 4
GO:0060535 trachea cartilage morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of cartilage in the trachea are generated and organized. 4
GO:0022027 interkinetic nuclear migration The movement of the nucleus of the ventricular zone cell between the apical and the basal zone surfaces. Mitosis occurs when the nucleus is near the apical surface, that is, the lumen of the ventricle. 4
GO:0030224 monocyte differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized myeloid precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a monocyte. 4
GO:0048627 myoblast development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the myoblast over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers. 4
GO:0060644 mammary gland epithelial cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized epithelial cell becomes a more specialized epithelial cell of the mammary gland. 4
GO:0007479 leg disc proximal/distal pattern formation The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the proximal/distal axis of the leg imaginal disc, a precursor to the adult leg. 4
GO:0061383 trabecula morphogenesis The process of shaping a trabecula in an organ. A trabecula is a small, often microscopic, tissue element in the form of a small beam, strut or rod, which generally has a mechanical function. Trabecula are usually but not necessarily, composed of dense collagenous tissue. 4
GO:0061049 cell growth involved in cardiac muscle cell development The growth of a cardiac muscle cell, where growth contributes to the progression of the cell over time from its initial formation to its mature state. 4
GO:0022612 gland morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of a gland are generated and organized. 4
GO:0060674 placenta blood vessel development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a blood vessel of the placenta over time, from its formation to the mature structure. 4
GO:0060599 lateral sprouting involved in mammary gland duct morphogenesis The process in which a branch forms along the side of a mammary duct. 4
GO:0021853 cerebral cortex GABAergic interneuron migration The migration of GABAergic interneuron precursors from the subpallium to the cerebral cortex. 4
GO:0072002 Malpighian tubule development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the Malpighian tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A Malpighian tubule is a fine, thin-walled excretory tubule in insects which leads into the posterior part of the gut. 4
GO:0090102 cochlea development The progression of the cochlea over time from its formation to the mature structure. The cochlea is the snail-shaped portion of the inner ear that is responsible for the detection of sound. 4
GO:0007418 ventral midline development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ventral midline over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In protostomes (such as insects, snails and worms) as well as deuterostomes (vertebrates), the midline is an embryonic region that functions in patterning of the adjacent nervous tissue. The ventral midline in insects is a cell population extending along the ventral surface of the embryo and is the region from which cells detach to form the ventrally located nerve cords. In vertebrates, the midline is originally located dorsally. During development, it folds inwards and becomes the ventral part of the dorsally located neural tube and is then called the ventral midline, or floor plate. 4
GO:0072284 metanephric S-shaped body morphogenesis The process in which the metanephric S-shaped body is generated and organized. The metanephric S-shaped body is the successor of the metanephric comma-shaped body that contributes to the morphogenesis of a nephron in the metanephros. 4
GO:0046533 negative regulation of photoreceptor cell differentiation Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of photoreceptor cell differentiation. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster. 4
GO:0022038 corpus callosum development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the corpus callosum over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The corpus callosum is a thick bundle of nerve fibers comprising a commissural plate connecting the two cerebral hemispheres. It consists of contralateral axon projections that provide communication between the right and left cerebral hemispheres. 4
GO:0045498 sex comb development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the sex comb over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The sex combs are the male specific chaetae located on the prothoracic tarsal segment of the prothoracic leg. 4
GO:0042335 cuticle development The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a cuticle, the outer layer of some animals and plants, which acts to prevent water loss. 4
GO:0060536 cartilage morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of cartilage are generated and organized. 4
GO:0021523 somatic motor neuron differentiation The process in which neuroepithelial cells in the neural tube acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of somatic motor neurons. Somatic motor neurons innervate skeletal muscle targets and are responsible for transmission of motor impulses from the brain to the periphery. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate. 4
GO:0061320 pericardial nephrocyte differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a pericardial nephrocyte. A pericardial nephrocyte is an insect renal cell that filters hemolymph and is found with other pericardial nephrocytes in two rows flanking the dorsal vessel. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate and its subsequent development to the mature state. 4
GO:0014834 satellite cell maintenance involved in skeletal muscle regeneration The process essential to maintain a ready source of satellite cells. It consists of the return of activated satellite cells to a quiescent state after proliferation to replenish the satellite cell pool. Satellite cells are quiescent cells that are located between the basal lamina and the plasmalemma of the muscle fiber, which are the main contributors to postnatal muscle growth. In adult muscle, satellite cells become activated to divide and differentiate in response to muscle damage. 4
GO:0055013 cardiac muscle cell development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cardiac muscle cell over time, from its formation to the mature state. 4
GO:0021979 hypothalamus cell differentiation The differentiation of cells that will contribute to the structure and function of the hypothalamus. 4
GO:0070306 lens fiber cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a lens fiber cell, any of the elongated, tightly packed cells that make up the bulk of the mature lens in the camera-type eye. The cytoplasm of a lens fiber cell is devoid of most intracellular organelles including the cell nucleus, and contains primarily crystallins, a group of water-soluble proteins expressed in vary large quantities. 4
GO:0021533 cell differentiation in hindbrain The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the mature cells of the hindbrain. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate. 4
GO:0060947 cardiac vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a cardiac vascular smooth muscle cell. A cardiac vascular smooth muscle cell covers the heart vasculature and lacks transverse striations in its constituent fibers. 4
GO:0060840 artery development The progression of the artery over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. An artery is a blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart to a capillary bed. 4
GO:0035469 determination of pancreatic left/right asymmetry Determination of the asymmetric location of the pancreas with respect to the left and right halves of the organism. 4
GO:0003413 chondrocyte differentiation involved in endochondral bone morphogenesis The process in which a chondroblast acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a chondrocyte that will contribute to the development of a bone. A chondrocyte is a polymorphic cell that forms cartilage. 4
GO:0045196 establishment or maintenance of neuroblast polarity Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of the apicobasal polarity of a neuroblast cell, a progenitor of the central nervous system. 4
GO:0021986 habenula development The progression of the habenula over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The habenula is the group of nuclei that makes up the stalk of the pineal gland. 4
GO:0048712 negative regulation of astrocyte differentiation Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of astrocyte differentiation. 4
GO:0008366 axon ensheathment Any process in which the axon of a neuron is insulated, and that insulation maintained, thereby preventing dispersion of the electrical signal. 4
GO:0035912 dorsal aorta morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of the dorsal aorta are generated and organized. The dorsal aorta is a blood vessel in a single-pass circulatory system that carries oxygenated blood from the gills to the rest of the body. In a single-pass circulatory system blood passes once through the heart to supply the body once. 4
GO:0090176 microtubule cytoskeleton organization involved in establishment of planar polarity A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising microtubules and their associated proteins and contributes to the establishment of planar polarity. 4
GO:0060541 respiratory system development The progression of the respiratory system over time from its formation to its mature structure. The respiratory system carries out respiratory gaseous exchange. 4
GO:0001752 compound eye photoreceptor fate commitment The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a compound eye photoreceptor cell. A photoreceptor cell is a cell that responds to incident electromagnetic radiation. Different classes of photoreceptor have different spectral sensitivities and express different photosensitive pigments. 4
GO:0048829 root cap development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the root cap over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The root cap protects the root meristem from friction as the root grows through the soil. The cap is made up of a group of parenchyma cells which secrete a glycoprotein mucilage as a lubricant. 4
GO:0097150 neuronal stem cell maintenance The process in which an organism retains a population of neuronal stem cells, undifferentiated cells that originate from the neuroectoderm and have the capacity both to perpetually self-renew without differentiating and to generate multiple types of lineage-restricted progenitors. 4
GO:0001738 morphogenesis of a polarized epithelium The morphogenetic process in which the anatomical structures of a polarized epithelium are generated and organized. A polarized epithelium is an epithelium where the epithelial sheet is oriented with respect to the planar axis. 4
GO:0021800 cerebral cortex tangential migration The migration of cells in the cerebral cortex in which cells move orthogonally to the direction of radial migration and do not use radial glial cell processes as substrates for migration. 4
GO:0030859 polarized epithelial cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a polarized epithelial cell. The polarized epithelial cell can be any of the cells within an epithelium where the epithelial sheet is oriented with respect to the planar axis. 4
GO:0060444 branching involved in mammary gland duct morphogenesis The process in which the branching structure of the mammary gland duct is generated and organized. The mammary gland is a large compound sebaceous gland that in female mammals is modified to secrete milk. 4
GO:0035266 meristem growth The increase in size or mass of a meristem, a region of tissue in a plant that is composed of one or more undifferentiated cells capable of undergoing mitosis and differentiation. 4
GO:0035313 wound healing, spreading of epidermal cells The migration of an epidermal cell along or through a wound gap that contributes to the reestablishment of a continuous epidermis. 4
GO:0021678 third ventricle development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the third ventricle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The third ventricle is the narrow cleft inferior to the corpus callosum, within the diencephalon, between the paired thalami. Its floor is formed by the hypothalamus, its anterior wall by the lamina terminalis, and its roof by ependyma, and it communicates with the fourth ventricle by the cerebral aqueduct, and with the lateral ventricles by the interventricular foramina. 4
GO:0003253 cardiac neural crest cell migration involved in outflow tract morphogenesis The orderly movement of a neural crest cell from one site to another that will contribute to the morphogenesis of the outflow tract. 4
GO:0007560 imaginal disc morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures derived from an imaginal disc are generated and organized. The imaginal discs are epithelial infoldings in the larvae of holometabolous insects that develop into adult appendages (legs, antennae, wings, etc.) during metamorphosis from larval to adult form. 4
GO:0001748 optic lobe placode development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the optic placode over time, from its formation to the mature structure. During embryonic stage 12 the placode starts to invaginate, forming a pouch. Cells that will form Bolwig's organ segregate from the ventral lip of this pouch, remaining in the head epidermis. The remainder of the invagination loses contact with the outer surface and becomes the optic lobe. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster. 4
GO:0035310 notum cell fate specification The process in which a cell in the larval wing imaginal disc becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a notum cell, if left in its normal environment. 4
GO:0072112 glomerular visceral epithelial cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a glomerular visceral epithelial cell. A glomerular visceral epithelial cell is a specialized epithelial cell that contains "feet" that interdigitate with the "feet" of other glomerular epithelial cells. 4
GO:0048560 establishment of anatomical structure orientation The process that determines the orientation of an anatomical structure with reference to an axis. 4
GO:0033598 mammary gland epithelial cell proliferation The multiplication or reproduction of mammary gland epithelial cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. Mammary gland epithelial cells make up the covering of surfaces of the mammary gland. The mammary gland is a large compound sebaceous gland that in female mammals is modified to secrete milk. 4
GO:0060008 Sertoli cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a Sertoli cell. A Sertoli cell is a supporting cell projecting inward from the basement membrane of seminiferous tubules. 4
GO:0060435 bronchiole development The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a bronchiole from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the bronchiole and ends with the mature structure. A bronchiole is the first airway branch that no longer contains cartilage; it is a branch of the bronchi. 4
GO:0021759 globus pallidus development The progression of the globus pallidus over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The globus pallidus is one of the basal ganglia involved with control of voluntary movement in the brain. 4
GO:0035775 pronephric glomerulus morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of the pronephric glomerulus are generated and organized. The pronephric glomerulus is part of the pronephric nephron and is restricted to one body segment. 4
GO:0021895 cerebral cortex neuron differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuron residing in the cerebral cortex. 4
GO:0022010 central nervous system myelination The process in which neuronal axons and dendrites become coated with a segmented lipid-rich sheath (myelin) to enable faster and more energetically efficient conduction of electrical impulses. The sheath is formed by the cell membranes of oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system. Adjacent myelin segments are separated by a non-myelinated stretch of axon called a node of Ranvier. 4
GO:0009908 flower development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the flower over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The flower is the reproductive structure in a plant, and its development begins with the transition of the vegetative or inflorescence meristem into a floral meristem. 4
GO:0048937 lateral line nerve glial cell development The process aimed at the progression of a lateral line glial cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. 4
GO:0009553 embryo sac development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the embryo sac over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The process begins with the meiosis of the megasporocyte to form four haploid megaspores. Three of the megaspores disintegrate, and the fourth undergoes mitosis giving rise to a binucleate syncytial embryo sac. The two haploid nuclei migrate to the opposite poles of the embryo sac and then undergo two rounds of mitosis generating four haploid nuclei at each pole. One nucleus from each set of four migrates to the center of the cell. Cellularization occurs, resulting in an eight-nucleate seven-celled structure. This structure contains two synergid cells and an egg cell at the micropylar end, and three antipodal cells at the other end. A binucleate endosperm mother cell is formed at the center. The two polar nuclei fuse resulting in a mononucleate diploid endosperm mother cell. The three antipodal cells degenerate. 4
GO:0060764 cell-cell signaling involved in mammary gland development Any process that mediates the transfer of information from one cell to another and contributes to the progression of the mammary gland, from its initial state to the mature structure. 4
GO:0014031 mesenchymal cell development The process aimed at the progression of a mesenchymal cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to its specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. 4
GO:0042463 ocellus photoreceptor cell development Development of photoreceptors, sensory cells that react to the presence of light, found in the ocellus. 4
GO:0072278 metanephric comma-shaped body morphogenesis The process in which the metanephric comma-shaped body is generated and organized. The metanephric comma-shaped body is the precursor structure to the metanephric S-shaped body that contributes to the morphogenesis of a nephron in the metanephros. 4
GO:0003309 type B pancreatic cell differentiation The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of a type B pancreatic cell. A type B pancreatic cell is a cell located towards center of the islets of Langerhans that secretes insulin. 4
GO:0060516 primary prostatic bud elongation The increase in size of the prostatic bud as it forms. 3
GO:0007447 imaginal disc pattern formation The regionalization process that results in defined areas of the imaginal disc that will undergo specific cell differentaiton. Imaginal discs are epithelial infoldings in the larvae of holometabolous insects that develop into adult appendages (legs, antennae, wings, etc.) during metamorphosis from larval to adult form. 3
GO:0035193 larval central nervous system remodeling Reorganization of the pre-existing, functional larval central nervous system into one that can serve the novel behavioral needs of the adult. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster. 3
GO:0030316 osteoclast differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized monocyte acquires the specialized features of an osteoclast. An osteoclast is a specialized phagocytic cell associated with the absorption and removal of the mineralized matrix of bone tissue. 3
GO:0003231 cardiac ventricle development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cardiac ventricle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A cardiac ventricle receives blood from a cardiac atrium and pumps it out of the heart. 3
GO:0001823 mesonephros development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mesonephros over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In mammals, the mesonephros is the second of the three embryonic kidneys to be established and exists only transiently. In lower vertebrates such as fish and amphibia, the mesonephros will form the mature kidney. 3
GO:0060841 venous blood vessel development The progression of the venous blood vessel over time from its initial formation to the mature structure. Venous blood vessels carry blood back to the heart after the capillary bed. 3
GO:0048795 swim bladder morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structure of the swim bladder is generated and organized. The swim bladder is used by some fishes to maintain buoyancy and may function in addition as a sound producing organ, a sound receptor, and a respiratory organ. 3
GO:0042490 mechanoreceptor differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a mechanoreceptor, a cell specialized to transduce mechanical stimuli and relay that information centrally in the nervous system. 3
GO:0033334 fin morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of a fin are generated and organized. 3
GO:0072576 liver morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of the liver are generated and organized. 3
GO:0072080 nephron tubule development The progression of a nephron tubule over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. A nephron tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the nephron, the functional part of the kidney. 3
GO:0007299 ovarian follicle cell-cell adhesion The attachment of a somatic follicle cell to another somatic follicle cell or to its substratum, the germline cells. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster. 3
GO:0003289 atrial septum primum morphogenesis The process in which anatomical structure of an atrial septum primum is generated and organized. 3
GO:0042246 tissue regeneration The regrowth of lost or destroyed tissues. 3
GO:0003311 pancreatic D cell differentiation The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and functional features that characterize a pancreatic delta cell. A delta cell is a cell of the pancreas that produces somatostatin. 3
GO:0061304 retinal blood vessel morphogenesis The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a blood vessel of the retina over time, from its formation to the mature structure. 3
GO:0071729 beak morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of the beak are generated and organized. The avian beak is an external anatomical structure, in the head region, that is adapted for feeding self and young, catching prey, probing, etc. It encompasses, but is not restricted to, the maxilla, mandible, maxillary rhamphotheca, mandibular rhamphotheca, nostril, nasal fossa, nasal bones, egg tooth and rictus. 3
GO:0080022 primary root development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the primary root over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The primary root develops directly from the embryonic radicle. 3
GO:0031133 regulation of axon diameter Any process that modulates the rate, direction or extent of axon growth such that the correct diameter is attained and maintained. 3
GO:0072148 epithelial cell fate commitment The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into an epithelial cell. 3
GO:0006723 cuticle hydrocarbon biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hydrocarbons that make up the cuticle, the outer layer of some animals and plants, which acts to prevent water loss. 3
GO:0030282 bone mineralization The deposition of calcium phosphate in bone tissue. 3
GO:0072193 ureter smooth muscle cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a smooth muscle cell in the ureter. 3
GO:0021723 medullary reticular formation development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the medullary reticular formation over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The medullary reticular formation is a series of brain nuclei located in the medulla oblongata. 3
GO:0021682 nerve maturation A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a nerve to attain its fully functional state. 3
GO:0072539 T-helper 17 cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized T cell acquires the specialized features of a T-helper 17 (Th17) cell. A Th17 cell is a CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell with the phenotype RORgamma-t-positive that produces IL-17. 3
GO:0061154 endothelial tube morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of a tube are generated and organized from an endothelium. Endothelium refers to the layer of cells lining blood vessels, lymphatics, the heart, and serous cavities, and is derived from bone marrow or mesoderm. Corneal endothelium is a special case, derived from neural crest cells. 3
GO:0048855 adenohypophysis morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of the adenohypophysis are generated and organized. The adenohypophysis is the anterior part of the pituitary. It secretes a variety of hormones and its function is regulated by the hypothalamus. 3
GO:0003229 ventricular cardiac muscle tissue development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of ventricular cardiac muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. 3
GO:0007485 imaginal disc-derived male genitalia development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the male genitalia over time, from formation as part of the genital disc to the mature structure. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster. 3
GO:0070447 positive regulation of oligodendrocyte progenitor proliferation Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of oligodendrocyte progenitor proliferation. 3
GO:0021591 ventricular system development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the brain ventricular system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The brain ventricular system consists of four communicating cavities within the brain that are continuous with the central canal of the spinal cord. These cavities include two lateral ventricles, the third ventricle and the fourth ventricle. Cerebrospinal fluid fills the ventricles and is produced by the choroid plexus. 3
GO:0048679 regulation of axon regeneration Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of axon regeneration. 3
GO:0035910 ascending aorta morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of the ascending aorta are generated and organized. The ascending aorta is the portion of the aorta in a two-pass circulatory system that lies between the heart and the arch of aorta. In a two-pass circulatory system blood passes twice through the heart to supply the body once. 3
GO:0055012 ventricular cardiac muscle cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a cardiac muscle cell. Cardiac muscle cells are striated muscle cells that are responsible for heart contraction. The ventricle is the part of the heart that pumps blood out of the organ. 3
GO:0060523 prostate epithelial cord elongation The developmental growth process in which solid chords of prostate epithelium increase in length. 3
GO:0007487 analia development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the analia over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The analia is the posterior-most vertral appendage that develops from the genital disc. An example of this process is analia development in Drosophila melanogaster. 3
GO:0030540 female genitalia development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the female genitalia over time, from formation to the mature structure. 3
GO:0007431 salivary gland development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the salivary gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Salivary glands include any of the saliva-secreting exocrine glands of the oral cavity. 3
GO:0035855 megakaryocyte development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a megakaryocyte cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Megakaryocyte development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a megakaryocyte fate. A megakaryocyte is a giant cell 50 to 100 micron in diameter, with a greatly lobulated nucleus, found in the bone marrow. 3
GO:0061458 reproductive system development The progression of the reproductive system over time from its formation to the mature structure. The reproductive system consists of the organs that function in reproduction. 3
GO:0035659 Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in wound healing, spreading of epidermal cells The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of a cell in the epidermis that contributes to the migration of an epidermal cell along or through a wound gap to reestablish a continuous epidermis. 3
GO:0003184 pulmonary valve morphogenesis The process in which the structure of the pulmonary valve is generated and organized. 3
GO:0048291 isotype switching to IgG isotypes The switching of activated B cells from IgM biosynthesis to biosynthesis of an IgG isotype, accomplished through a recombination process involving an intrachromosomal deletion between switch regions that reside 5' of the IgM and one of the IgG constant region gene segments in the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus. 3
GO:0042551 neuron maturation A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a neuron to attain its fully functional state. 3
GO:0060020 Bergmann glial cell differentiation The process in which neuroepithelial cells of the neural tube give rise to Brgmann glial cells, specialized bipotential progenitors cells of the cerebellum. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate. 3
GO:0030879 mammary gland development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mammary gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mammary gland is a large compound sebaceous gland that in female mammals is modified to secrete milk. Its development starts with the formation of the mammary line and ends as the mature gland cycles between nursing and weaning stages. 3
GO:0061008 hepaticobiliary system development The progression of the hepaticobiliary system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The hepaticobiliary system is responsible for metabolic and catabolic processing of small molecules absorbed from the blood or gut, hormones and serum proteins, detoxification, storage of glycogen, triglycerides, metals and lipid soluble vitamins and excretion of bile. Included are the synthesis of albumin, blood coagulation factors, complement, and specific binding proteins. 3
GO:0021861 forebrain radial glial cell differentiation The process in which neuroepithelial cells of the neural tube give rise to radial glial cells, specialized bipotential progenitors cells of the forebrain. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate. 3
GO:0097028 dendritic cell differentiation The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a dendritic cell. A dendritic cell is a leukocyte of dendritic lineage specialized in the uptake, processing, and transport of antigens to lymph nodes for the purpose of stimulating an immune response via T cell activation. 3
GO:0014038 regulation of Schwann cell differentiation Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Schwann cell differentiation. 3
GO:0021546 rhombomere development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the rhombomere over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. 3
GO:0009960 endosperm development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the endosperm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The endosperm is formed during fertilization and provides nutrients to the developing embryo. 3
GO:0060445 branching involved in salivary gland morphogenesis The process in which the branching structure of the salivary gland is generated and organized. 3
GO:0042248 maintenance of polarity of follicular epithelium The maintenance of an established polarized follicular epithelial sheet. 3
GO:0022028 tangential migration from the subventricular zone to the olfactory bulb The migration of cells in the telencephalon from the subventricular zone to the olfactory bulb in which cells move orthogonally to the direction of radial migration and do not use radial glial cell processes as substrates for migration. 3
GO:0035262 gonad morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of the gonads are generated and organized. A gonad is an animal organ producing gametes, e.g. the testes or the ovary in mammals. 3
GO:0060982 coronary artery morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of coronary arteries are generated and organized. Coronary arteries are blood vessels that transport blood to the heart muscle. 3
GO:0048644 muscle organ morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of muscle are generated and organized. 3
GO:0014002 astrocyte development The process aimed at the progression of an astrocyte over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. An astrocyte is the most abundant type of glial cell. Astrocytes provide support for neurons and regulate the environment in which they function. 3
GO:0048316 seed development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the seed over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A seed is a propagating organ formed in the sexual reproductive cycle of gymnosperms and angiosperms, consisting of a protective coat enclosing an embryo and food reserves. 3
GO:0045059 positive thymic T cell selection The process of sparing immature T cells in the thymus which react with self-MHC protein complexes with low affinity levels from apoptotic death. 3
GO:0003416 endochondral bone growth The increase in size or mass of an endochondral bone that contributes to the shaping of the bone. 3
GO:0060838 lymphatic endothelial cell fate commitment The commitment of a venous blood vessel endothelial cell to a lymphatic endothelial cell fate and its capacity to differentiate into a lymphatic endothelial cell. 3
GO:0061317 canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in cardiac muscle cell fate commitment The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes. In this pathway, the activated receptor signals via downstream effectors that result in the inhibition of beta-catenin phosphorylation, thereby preventing degradation of beta-catenin and contributing to cardiac muscle cell fate commitment. Stabilized beta-catenin can then accumulate and travel to the nucleus to trigger changes in transcription of target genes. 3
GO:0048058 compound eye corneal lens development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the corneal lens in the compound eye over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The corneal lens is a chitinous extracellular secretion of the four underlying cone cells and the pigment cells. 3
GO:0007561 imaginal disc eversion The eversion (turning inside out) of imaginal discs from their peripodial sacs, resulting in movement of the epithelium to the outside of the larval epidermis. 3
GO:0003183 mitral valve morphogenesis The process in which the structure of the mitral valve is generated and organized. 3
GO:0045060 negative thymic T cell selection The process of elimination of immature T cells in the thymus which react strongly with self-antigens. 3
GO:0072272 proximal/distal pattern formation involved in metanephric nephron development The regionalization process in which specific areas of cell differentiation are determined along a proximal/distal axis of a nephron in the metanephros. The proximal/distal axis is defined by a line that runs from the center of the kidney (proximal end) outward (distal end). 3
GO:0061452 retrotrapezoid nucleus neuron differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuron whose cell body resides in the retrotrapezoid nucleus. 3
GO:0045687 positive regulation of glial cell differentiation Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glia cell differentiation. 3
GO:0001555 oocyte growth The developmental growth process in which an oocyte irreversibly increases in size over time by accretion and biosynthetic production of matter similar to that already present. 3
GO:0048697 positive regulation of collateral sprouting in absence of injury Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of collateral sprouting in the absence of injury. 3
GO:0021871 forebrain regionalization The regionalization process resulting in the creation of areas within the forebrain that will direct the behavior of cell migration in differentiation as the forebrain develops. 3
GO:0035223 leg disc pattern formation The process that gives rise to the patterns of cell differentiation in the leg imaginal disc. 3
GO:0061028 establishment of endothelial barrier The establishment of a barrier between endothelial cell layers, such as those in the brain, lung or intestine, to exert specific and selective control over the passage of water and solutes, thus allowing formation and maintenance of compartments that differ in fluid and solute composition. 3
GO:0048853 forebrain morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of the forebrain are generated and organized. The forebrain is the anterior of the three primary divisions of the developing chordate brain or the corresponding part of the adult brain (in vertebrates, includes especially the cerebral hemispheres, the thalamus, and the hypothalamus and especially in higher vertebrates is the main control center for sensory and associative information processing, visceral functions, and voluntary motor functions). 3
GO:0072011 glomerular endothelium development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the glomerular endothelium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The glomerular endothelium is an epithelial tissue that covers the internal surfaces of the glomerulus. 3
GO:0007297 ovarian follicle cell migration The directed movement of an ovarian follicle cell that takes place during oogenesis. During egg chamber formation, follicle cells migrate to envelop the germ-line cysts and move in between cysts. At stage 10B, follicle cells migrate centripetally between the nurse cells and the oocyte, enclosing the anterior of the egg. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster. 3
GO:0003223 ventricular compact myocardium morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of the compact cardiac ventricle muscle are generated and organized. 3
GO:0021860 pyramidal neuron development The progression of a pyramidal neuron from its initial formation to its mature state. 3
GO:0060374 mast cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized myeloid precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a mast cell. A mast cell is a cell that is found in almost all tissues containing numerous basophilic granules and capable of releasing large amounts of histamine and heparin upon activation. 3
GO:1901166 neural crest cell migration involved in autonomic nervous system development Any neural crest cell migration that is involved in autonomic nervous system development. 3
GO:0048085 adult chitin-containing cuticle pigmentation Establishment of the adult pattern of pigmentation in the chitin-containing cuticle of an organism. An example of this is the adult cuticle pigmentation process in Drosophila melanogaster. 3
GO:0021558 trochlear nerve development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the trochlear nerve over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The trochlear nerve is a motor nerve and is the only cranial nerve to exit the brain dorsally. The trochlear nerve innervates the superior oblique muscle. 3
GO:0021610 facial nerve morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structure of the facial nerve is generated and organized. This sensory and motor nerve supplies the muscles of facial expression and the expression and taste at the anterior two-thirds of the tongue. The principal branches are the superficial opthalmic, buccal, palatine and hyomandibular. The main trunk synapses within pterygopalatine ganglion in the parotid gland and this ganglion then gives of nerve branches which supply the lacrimal gland and the mucous secreting glands of the nasal and oral cavities. 3
GO:0035217 labial disc development Progression of the labial imaginal disc over time, from its initial formation through to its metamorphosis to form adult structures including parts of the proboscis. 3
GO:0048067 cuticle pigmentation Establishment of a pattern of pigment in the cuticle of an organism. 3
GO:0010075 regulation of meristem growth Any process involved in maintaining the size and shape of a meristem. 3
GO:0061031 endodermal digestive tract morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of the endodermal digestive tract are generated and organized. The endodermal digestive tract includes those portions of the digestive tract that are derived from endoderm. 3
GO:0007436 larval salivary gland morphogenesis The process, occurring in the larva, by which the anatomical structures of the salivary gland are generated and organized. 3
GO:0021557 oculomotor nerve development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the oculomotor nerve over time, from its formation to the mature structure. This motor nerve innervates all extraocular muscles except the superior oblique and the lateral rectus muscles. The superior division supplies the levator palpebrae superioris and superior rectus muscles. The inferior division supplies the medial rectus, inferior rectus and inferior oblique muscles. This nerve also innervates the striated muscles of the eyelid. Pupillary constriction and lens movement are mediated by this nerve for near vision. In the orbit the inferior division sends branches that enter the ciliary ganglion where they form functional contacts (synapses) with the ganglion cells. The ganglion cells send nerve fibers into the back of the eye where they travel to ultimately innervate the ciliary muscle and the constrictor pupillae muscle. 3
GO:0016325 oocyte microtubule cytoskeleton organization Formation and maintenance of a polarized microtubule array originating from a microtubule-organizing center (MTOC) in the oocyte. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster. 3
GO:0072207 metanephric epithelium development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an epithelium in the metanephros over time, from its formation to the mature structure. An epithelium is a tissue that covers the internal or external surfaces of an anatomical structure. 3
GO:0007430 terminal branching, open tracheal system Formation of terminal branches in the open tracheal system. These are long cytoplasmic extensions that form fine tubules that transport oxygen directly to the tissues. An example of the process is found in Drosophila melanogaster. 3
GO:0021754 facial nucleus development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the facial nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. 3
GO:0042684 cardioblast cell fate commitment The process in which a cell becomes committed to becoming a cardioblast. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating. 3
GO:0045064 T-helper 2 cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized T cell acquires specialized features of a T-helper 2 (Th2) cell. A Th2 cell is a CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell that has the phenotype GATA-3-positive and produces interleukin-4. 3
GO:0021934 hindbrain tangential cell migration The migration of a cell in the hindbrain in which cells move orthogonal to the direction of radial migration. 3
GO:0010015 root morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of roots are generated and organized. The root is the usually underground part of a seed plant body that originates from the hypocotyl, functions as an organ of absorption, aeration, and food storage or as a means of anchorage and support. 3
GO:0035887 aortic smooth muscle cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a smooth muscle cell surrounding the aorta. 3
GO:0021569 rhombomere 3 development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of rhombomere 3 over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in anterior to posterior order. 3
GO:0046549 retinal cone cell development Development of a cone cell, one of the sensory cells in the eye that reacts to the presence of light. Cone cells contain the photopigment iodopsin or cyanopsin and are responsible for photopic (daylight) vision. 3
GO:0048368 lateral mesoderm development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lateral mesoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. 3
GO:0060039 pericardium development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pericardium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The pericardium is a double-walled sac that contains the heart and the roots of the aorta, vena cava and the pulmonary artery. 3
GO:0071910 determination of liver left/right asymmetry Determination of the asymmetric location of the liver with respect to the left and right halves of the organism. 3
GO:0045463 R8 cell development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the R8 photoreceptor over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The R8 photoreceptor is the founding receptor of each ommatidium. 3
GO:0001763 morphogenesis of a branching structure The process in which the anatomical structures of branches are generated and organized. A branch is a division or offshoot from a main stem. Examples in animals would include blood vessels, nerves, lymphatics and other endothelial or epithelial tubes. 3
GO:0002318 myeloid progenitor cell differentiation The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a myeloid progenitor cell. Myeloid progenitor cells include progenitor cells for any of the myeloid lineages. 3
GO:0090104 pancreatic epsilon cell differentiation The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and functional features of a pancreatic epsilon cell. A pancreatic epsilon cell is a cell in the pancreas that secretes ghrelin. 3
GO:0003197 endocardial cushion development The progression of a cardiac cushion over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The endocardial cushion is a specialized region of mesenchymal cells that will give rise to the heart septa and valves. 3
GO:0007502 digestive tract mesoderm development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the digestive tract mesoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The digestive tract mesoderm is portion of the middle layer of the three primary germ layers of the embryo which will go on to form part of the digestive tract of the organism. 3
GO:0048884 neuromast development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the neuromast over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The neuromast is the sensory organ of the lateral line and is composed of a population of sensory hair cells, and nonsensory supporting cells and mantle cells. Neuromasts are located superficially on the epithelium or in lateral line canals. 3
GO:0048526 imaginal disc-derived wing expansion The process of expanding or inflating the folded imaginal disc-derived pupal wing, and the adhering of the dorsal and ventral surfaces, to form the mature adult wing. 3
GO:0035170 lymph gland crystal cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized larval lymph gland-derived hemocyte precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a crystal cell. Crystal cells are a class of cells that contain crystalline inclusions and are involved in the melanization of pathogenic material in the hemolymph. 3
GO:0060603 mammary gland duct morphogenesis The process in which anatomical structures of the mammary ducts are generated and organized. Mammary ducts are epithelial tubes that transport milk. 3
GO:0043369 CD4-positive or CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell lineage commitment The process in which an immature T cell commits to CD4-positive T cell lineage or the CD8-positive lineage of alpha-beta T cells. 3
GO:2000980 regulation of inner ear receptor cell differentiation Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of inner ear receptor cell differentiation. 3
GO:0035015 elongation of arista core The increase in length of the aristal core. The arista is the terminal segment of the antenna and consists of a central core and a series of lateral extensions. 3
GO:2000978 negative regulation of forebrain neuron differentiation Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of forebrain neuron differentiation. 3
GO:0060998 regulation of dendritic spine development Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of dendritic spine development, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the dendritic spine over time, from its formation to the mature structure. 3
GO:0002521 leukocyte differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized hemopoietic precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a leukocyte. A leukocyte is an achromatic cell of the myeloid or lymphoid lineages capable of ameboid movement, found in blood or other tissue. 3
GO:0001655 urogenital system development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the urogenital system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. 3
GO:0072268 pattern specification involved in metanephros development Any developmental process that results in the creation of defined areas or spaces within the metanephros to which cells respond and eventually are instructed to differentiate. 3
GO:0045201 maintenance of neuroblast polarity The maintenance of the apicobasal polarity of a neuroblast cell, a progenitor of the central nervous system. 3
GO:0048728 proboscis development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the proboscis over time, from its formation to the mature structure. 3
GO:0046548 retinal rod cell development Development of a rod cell, one of the sensory cells in the eye that reacts to the presence of light. Rod cells contain the photopigment rhodopsin or porphyropsin and are responsible for vision in dim light. 2
GO:0048515 spermatid differentiation The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a spermatid over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. 2
GO:0003160 endocardium morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structure of the endocardium is generated and organized. The endocardium is an anatomical structure comprised of an endothelium and an extracellular matrix that forms the innermost layer of tissue of the heart, and lines the heart chambers. 2
GO:2000305 semaphorin-plexin signaling pathway involved in regulation of photoreceptor cell axon guidance Any semaphorin-plexin signaling pathway that is involved in regulation of photoreceptor cell axon guidance. 2
GO:0048880 sensory system development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a sensory system over time from its formation to the mature structure. 2
GO:0060023 soft palate development The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of the soft palate from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the structure and ends with the mature structure, whatever form that may be including its natural destruction. The soft palate is the posterior portion of the palate extending from the posterior edge of the hard palate. 2
GO:0033292 T-tubule organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level that results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the T-tubule. A T-tubule is an invagination of the plasma membrane of a muscle cell that extends inward from the cell surface around each myofibril. 2
GO:0010082 regulation of root meristem growth Any process involved in maintaining the size and shape of a root meristem. 2
GO:0010440 stomatal lineage progression The process in which an unspecialized epidermal cell progresses through a series of divisions that culminate in the production of a stomatal complex. 2
GO:0045678 positive regulation of R7 cell differentiation Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of R7 cell differentiation. 2
GO:0030183 B cell differentiation The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a B cell. A B cell is a lymphocyte of B lineage with the phenotype CD19-positive and capable of B cell mediated immunity. 2
GO:0021695 cerebellar cortex development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cerebellar cortex over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cerebellar cortex is a thin mantle of gray matter that covers the surface of each cerebral hemisphere. It has a characteristic morphology with convolutions (gyri) and crevices (sulci) that have specific functions. Six layers of nerve cells and the nerve pathways that connect them comprise the cerebellar cortex. Together, these regions are responsible for the processes of conscious thought, perception, emotion and memory as well as advanced motor function. 2
GO:0060485 mesenchyme development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a mesenchymal tissue over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A mesenchymal tissue is made up of loosely packed stellate cells. 2
GO:0008069 dorsal/ventral axis specification, ovarian follicular epithelium Polarization of the ovarian follicle cells along the dorsal/ventral axis. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster. 2
GO:0035072 ecdysone-mediated induction of salivary gland cell autophagic cell death Any process induced by ecdysone that directly activates salivary gland programmed cell death during salivary gland histolysis. 2
GO:0048808 male genitalia morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of male genitalia are generated and organized. 2
GO:0007451 dorsal/ventral lineage restriction, imaginal disc Formation and/or maintenance of a lineage boundary between dorsal and ventral compartments that cells cannot cross, thus separating the populations of cells in each compartment. 2
GO:0036022 limb joint morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of a limb joint are generated and organized. A limb joint is a flexible region that separates the rigid sections of a limb to allow movement in a controlled manner. 2
GO:0003257 positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in myocardial precursor cell differentiation Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter that contributes to the differentiation of a myocardial precursor cell. 2
GO:0030223 neutrophil differentiation The process in which a myeloid precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a neutrophil. 2
GO:0031214 biomineral tissue development Formation of hard tissues that consist mainly of inorganic compounds, and also contain a small amounts of organic matrices that are believed to play important roles in their formation. 2
GO:0055123 digestive system development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the digestive system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The digestive system is the entire structure in which digestion takes place. Digestion is all of the physical, chemical, and biochemical processes carried out by multicellular organisms to break down ingested nutrients into components that may be easily absorbed and directed into metabolism. 2
GO:0030582 fruiting body development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the fruiting body over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A fruiting body is a multicellular structure that contains spores. 2
GO:0061009 common bile duct development The progression of the common bile duct over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The common bile duct is formed from the joining of the common hepatic duct running from the liver, and the cystic duct running from the gall bladder. The common bile duct transports bile from the liver and gall bladder to the intestine. 2
GO:0048099 anterior/posterior lineage restriction, imaginal disc Formation and/or maintenance of a lineage boundary between anterior and posterior compartments that cells cannot cross, thus separating the populations of cells in each compartment. 2
GO:0060486 Clara cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a Clara cell. A Clara cell is an unciliated epithelial cell found in the respiratory and terminal bronchioles. 2
GO:0035321 maintenance of imaginal disc-derived wing hair orientation Ensuring that hairs in the imaginal disc-derived wing continue to point distally during development, following the initial establishment of wing hair polarity. 2
GO:0010229 inflorescence development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an inflorescence over time, from its formation to the mature structure. 2
GO:0007523 larval visceral muscle development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the larval visceral muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. 2
GO:0060872 semicircular canal development The progression of the semicircular canal from its initial formation to the mature structure. 2
GO:0060318 definitive erythrocyte differentiation Erythrocyte differentiation which occurs as part of the process of definitive hemopoiesis. 2
GO:0007503 fat body development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the fat body over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A fat body is an insect gland dorsal to the insect gut, with a function analogous to that of the vertebrate liver. It is a storage organ for fats, glycogen and protein and is a major site of intermediary metabolism. 2
GO:0048750 compound eye corneal lens morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of the compound eye corneal lens are generated and organized. 2
GO:0097094 craniofacial suture morphogenesis The process in which any suture between cranial and/or facial bones is generated and organized. 2
GO:0061101 neuroendocrine cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a neuroendocrine cell. A neuroendocrine cell is a cell that receives input form a neuron which controls the secretion of an endocrine substance. 2
GO:0048382 mesendoderm development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mesendoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In animal embryos, mesendoderm development gives rise to both mesoderm and endoderm tissues. 2
GO:0061314 Notch signaling involved in heart development The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of an extracellular ligand to a Notch receptor on the surface of the target cell and contributing to the progression of the heart over time. 2
GO:0009560 embryo sac egg cell differentiation The process in which an uncellularized embryo sac nucleus cellularizes and acquires the specialized features of an egg cell. An example of this process is found in Arabidopsis thaliana. 2
GO:0060738 epithelial-mesenchymal signaling involved in prostate gland development Any process that results in the transfer of information from an epithelial cell to a mesenchymal cell where it is interpreted and contributes to the progression of the prostate gland over time. 2
GO:0021897 forebrain astrocyte development The process aimed at the progression of an astrocyte that resides in the forebrain, from initial commitment of the cell to its fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. An astrocyte is the most abundant type of glial cell. Astrocytes provide support for neurons and regulate the environment in which they function. 2
GO:0072149 glomerular visceral epithelial cell fate commitment The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a glomerular visceral epithelial cell. A glomerular visceral epithelial cell is a specialized epithelial cell that contains "feet" that interdigitate with the "feet" of other glomerular epithelial cells. 2
GO:0048567 ectodermal digestive tract morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of the ectodermal digestive tract are generated and organized. The ectodermal digestive tract includes those portions of the digestive tract that are derived from ectoderm. 2
GO:0001955 blood vessel maturation A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a blood vessel to attain its fully functional state. 2
GO:0060561 apoptotic process involved in morphogenesis Any apoptotic process that contributes to the shaping of an anatomical structure. 2
GO:0070787 conidiophore development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the conidiophore over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The conidiophore is a specialized hypha that extends aerially from the growth substrate and bears conidia, or asexual spores. 2
GO:0048528 post-embryonic root development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the post-embryonic root over time, from its formation to the mature structure. 2
GO:0021764 amygdala development The progression of the amygdala over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The amygdala is an almond-shaped set of neurons in the medial temporal lobe of the brain that play a key role in processing emotions such as fear and pleasure. 2
GO:0046697 decidualization The cellular and vascular changes occurring in the endometrium of the pregnant uterus just after the onset of blastocyst implantation. This process involves the proliferation and differentiation of the fibroblast-like endometrial stromal cells into large, polyploid decidual cells that eventually form the maternal component of the placenta. 2
GO:0060363 cranial suture morphogenesis The process in which any suture between cranial bones is generated and organized. 2
GO:0060849 regulation of transcription involved in lymphatic endothelial cell fate commitment Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter that contributes to the commitment of a venous endothelial cell to a lymphatic endothelial cell. 2
GO:0002244 hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation The process in which precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a hematopoietic progenitor cell, a class of cell types including myeloid progenitor cells and lymphoid progenitor cells. 2
GO:0043583 ear development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ear over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The ear is the sense organ in vertebrates that is specialized for the detection of sound, and the maintenance of balance. Includes the outer ear and middle ear, which collect and transmit sound waves; and the inner ear, which contains the organs of balance and (except in fish) hearing. Also includes the pinna, the visible part of the outer ear, present in some mammals. 2
GO:0061034 olfactory bulb mitral cell layer development The progression of the olfactory bulb mitral cell layer over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The mitral cell layer is composed of pyramidal neurons whose cell bodies are located between the granule cell layer and the plexiform layer. 2
GO:0007450 dorsal/ventral pattern formation, imaginal disc The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the dorsal/ventral axis of the imaginal disc. Imaginal disks are masses of hypodermic cells, carried by the larvae of some insects after leaving the egg, from which masses the wings and legs of the adult are subsequently formed. 2
GO:0097070 ductus arteriosus closure The morphogenesis process in which the ductus arteriosus changes to no longer permit blood flow after birth. The ductus arteriosus is the shunt between the aorta and the pulmonary artery which allows blood to bypass the fetus' lungs. 2
GO:0045464 R8 cell fate specification The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an R8 cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed. 2
GO:0021612 facial nerve structural organization The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the facial nerve. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. This sensory and motor nerve supplies the muscles of facial expression and the expression and taste at the anterior two-thirds of the tongue. The principal branches are the superficial opthalmic, buccal, palatine and hyomandibular. The main trunk synapses within pterygopalatine ganglion in the parotid gland and this ganglion then gives of nerve branches which supply the lacrimal gland and the mucous secreting glands of the nasal and oral cavities. 2
GO:0072088 nephron epithelium morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of the nephron epithelium are generated and organized. The nephron epithelium is a tissue that covers the surface of a nephron. 2
GO:0060166 olfactory pit development The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of the olfactory pit from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the olfactory pit, which is an indentation of the olfactory placode, and ends when the pits hollows out to form the nasopharynx. 2
GO:0048366 leaf development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the leaf over time, from its formation to the mature structure. 2
GO:0048798 swim bladder inflation The expansion of the swim bladder by trapped gases. The swim bladder is used by some fishes to maintain buoyancy and may function in addition as a sound producing organ, a sound receptor, and a respiratory organ. 2
GO:0033333 fin development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a fin over time, from its formation to the mature structure. 2
GO:0035607 fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in orbitofrontal cortex development The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a fibroblast growth factor-type receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands, which contributes to the progression of the orbitofrontal cortex over time from its initial formation until its mature state. 2
GO:0060040 retinal bipolar neuron differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a bipolar cell, the last neuron to be generated in the retina. 2
GO:0021722 superior olivary nucleus maturation A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the superior olivary nucleus to attain its fully functional state. The superior olivary nucleus is a small cylindrical mass on the dorsal surface of the lateral part of the trapezoid body of the pons, and it is situated immediately above the inferior olivary nucleus. It receives projections from the cochlear nucleus and thus is involved in the perception of sound. 2
GO:0045061 thymic T cell selection The process of T cell selection that occurs in the thymus. 2
GO:0060430 lung saccule development The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a lung saccule from an initial condition to its mature state. The lung saccule is the primitive gas exchange portion of the lung composed of type I and type II cells. 2
GO:0060612 adipose tissue development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of adipose tissue over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Adipose tissue is specialized tissue that is used to store fat. 2
GO:0070073 clustering of voltage-gated calcium channels The process in which voltage-gated calcium channels become localized together in high densities. 2
GO:0039022 pronephric duct development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pronephric duct over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The pronephric duct collects the filtrate from the pronephric tubules and opens to the exterior of the pronephric kidney. 2
GO:0090504 epiboly The expansion of one cell sheet over other cells or yolk. 2
GO:0003157 endocardium development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the endocardium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The endocardium is an anatomical structure comprised of an endothelium and an extracellular matrix that forms the innermost layer of tissue of the heart, and lines the heart chambers. 2
GO:0036099 female germ-line stem cell maintenance Any process involved in preventing uncommitted germ-line stem cells in the female gonad from differentiating as another cell type. 2
GO:0048618 post-embryonic foregut morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of the foregut are generated and organized, during the post-embryonic phase. 2
GO:0021562 vestibulocochlear nerve development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the vestibulocochlear nerve over time, from its formation to the mature structure. This sensory nerve innervates the membranous labyrinth of the inner ear. The vestibular branch innervates the vestibular apparatus that senses head position changes relative to gravity. The auditory branch innervates the cochlear duct, which is connected to the three bony ossicles which transduce sound waves into fluid movement in the cochlea. 2
GO:0072210 metanephric nephron development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a nephron in the metanephros over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A nephron is the functional unit of the kidney. 2
GO:0007522 visceral muscle development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the visceral muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. 2
GO:0045315 positive regulation of compound eye photoreceptor development Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of compound eye photoreceptor development. 2
GO:0003130 BMP signaling pathway involved in heart induction A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a member of the BMP (bone morphogenetic protein) family to a receptor on the surface of a target cell, which contributes to heart induction. 2
GO:0006035 cuticle chitin biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cuticle chitin, a linear polysaccharide consisting of beta-(1->4)-linked N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues, found in cuticles. 2
GO:0045162 clustering of voltage-gated sodium channels The process in which voltage-gated sodium channels become localized together in high densities. In animals, nodes of Ranvier differ dramatically from internodal axonal regions in very high densities of voltage-dependent sodium (Nav) channels responsible for the rapid, inward ionic currents that produce membrane depolarization. 2
GO:0021756 striatum development The progression of the striatum over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The striatum is a region of the forebrain consisting of the caudate nucleus, putamen and fundus striati. 2
GO:0031154 culmination involved in sorocarp development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the culminant over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Culmination begins with a morphogenetic change of the finger-like or migratory slug giving rise to an organized structure containing a stalk and a sorus. This process is the final stage of sorocarp development. 2
GO:0021587 cerebellum morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structure of the cerebellum is generated and organized. The cerebellum is the portion of the brain in the back of the head between the cerebrum and the pons. The cerebellum controls balance for walking and standing, modulates the force and range of movement and is involved in the learning of motor skills. 2
GO:0097084 vascular smooth muscle cell development The process aimed at the progression of a vascular smooth muscle cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. A vascular smooth muscle cell is a non-striated, elongated, spindle-shaped cell found lining the blood vessels. 2
GO:0046530 photoreceptor cell differentiation The specialization of organization of a photoreceptor, a cell that responds to incident electromagnetic radiation, particularly visible light. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster. 2
GO:0035120 post-embryonic appendage morphogenesis The process, occurring after embryonic development, by which the anatomical structures of an appendage are generated and organized. An appendage is an organ or part that is attached to the trunk of an organism, such as a limb or a branch. 2
GO:0003203 endocardial cushion morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structure of the endocardial cushion is generated and organized. The endocardial cushion is a specialized region of mesenchymal cells that will give rise to the heart septa and valves. 2
GO:0070444 oligodendrocyte progenitor proliferation The multiplication or reproduction of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells by cell division, resulting in the expansion of their population. Oligodendrocyte progenitors give rise to oligodendrocytes, which form the insulating myelin sheath of axons in the central nervous system. 2
GO:0003220 left ventricular cardiac muscle tissue morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of left cardiac ventricle muscle are generated and organized. 2
GO:0007486 imaginal disc-derived female genitalia development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the female genitalia over time, from formation as part of the genital disc to the mature structure. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster. 2
GO:0003417 growth plate cartilage development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cartilage that will provide a scaffold for mineralization of endochondral bones as they elongate or grow. 2
GO:0060323 head morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of the head are generated and organized. The head is the anterior-most division of the body. 2
GO:0061298 retina vasculature development in camera-type eye The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the vasculature of the retina over time, from its formation to the mature structure. 2
GO:0072164 mesonephric tubule development The progression of a mesonephric tubule over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. A mesonephric tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the mesonephros. 2
GO:0048104 establishment of body hair or bristle planar orientation Orientation of hairs or sensory bristles that cover the body surface of an adult, such that they all point in a uniform direction along the plane of the epithelium from which they project. 2
GO:0003310 pancreatic A cell differentiation The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and functional features of a pancreatic A cell. A pancreatic A cell is a cell in the pancreas that secretes glucagon. 2
GO:0060510 Type II pneumocyte differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a Type II pneumocyte. A Type II pneumocyte is a surfactant secreting cell that contains abundant cytoplasm containing numerous lipid-rich multilamellar bodies. 2
GO:0061326 renal tubule development The progression of the renal tubule over time from its formation to the mature form. A renal tubule is a tube that filters, re-absorbs and secretes substances to rid an organism of waste and to play a role in fluid homeostasis. 2
GO:0046552 photoreceptor cell fate commitment The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a photoreceptor cell. A photoreceptor cell is a cell that responds to incident electromagnetic radiation. Different classes of photoreceptor have different spectral sensitivities and express different photosensitive pigments. 2
GO:0001885 endothelial cell development The progression of an endothelial cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. 2
GO:0055009 atrial cardiac muscle tissue morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structure of cardiac atrium muscle is generated and organized. 2
GO:0060056 mammary gland involution The tissue remodeling that removes differentiated mammary epithelia during weaning. 2
GO:0048573 photoperiodism, flowering A change from the vegetative to the reproductive phase as a result of detection of, or exposure to, a period of light or dark of a given length. The length of the period of light or dark required to initiate the change is set relative to a particular duration known as the 'critical day length'. The critical day length varies between species. 2
GO:0003175 tricuspid valve development The progression of the tricuspid valve over time, from its formation to the mature structure. 2
GO:0007289 spermatid nucleus differentiation The specialization of the spermatid nucleus during the development of a spermatid into a mature male gamete competent for fertilization. 2
GO:0060220 camera-type eye photoreceptor cell fate commitment The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a photoreceptor cell in a camera-type eye. 2
GO:0021524 visceral motor neuron differentiation The process in which neuroepithelial cells in the neural tube acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of visceral motor neurons. Visceral motor neurons innervate glandular targets and are responsible for transmission of motor impulses from the brain to the periphery. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate. 2
GO:0072044 collecting duct development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a collecting duct over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The collecting duct responds to vasopressin and aldosterone to regulate water, electrolyte and acid-base balance. It is the final common path through which urine flows before entering the ureter and then emptying into the bladder. 2
GO:0048658 anther wall tapetum development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the anther wall tapetum over time, from its formation to the mature structure. 2
GO:0010103 stomatal complex morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of the stomatal complex are generated and organized. The stomatal complex is the stomatal guard cells and their associated epidermal cells. 2
GO:0021757 caudate nucleus development The progression of the caudate nucleus over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The caudate nucleus is the C-shaped structures of the striatum containing input neurons involved with control of voluntary movement in the brain. 2
GO:0021768 nucleus accumbens development The progression of the nucleus accumbens over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The nucleus accumbens is a collection of pleomorphic cells in the caudal part of the anterior horn of the lateral ventricle, in the region of the olfactory tubercle, lying between the head of the caudate nucleus and the anterior perforated substance. It is part of the ventral striatum, a composite structure considered part of the basal ganglia. 2
GO:0048803 imaginal disc-derived male genitalia morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of male genitalia are generated and organized from the genital imaginal disc. 2
GO:0003283 atrial septum development The progression of the atrial septum over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. 2
GO:0051145 smooth muscle cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a smooth muscle cell; smooth muscle lacks transverse striations in its constituent fibers and are almost always involuntary. 2
GO:0070166 enamel mineralization The process in which calcium salts, mainly carbonated hydroxyapatite, are deposited in tooth enamel. 2
GO:0021847 ventricular zone neuroblast division The proliferation of neuroblasts in the ventricular zone of the cerebral cortex. The neuronal progenitors of these cells will migrate radially. 2
GO:0060011 Sertoli cell proliferation The multiplication or reproduction of Sertoli cells, resulting in the expansion of the Sertoli cell population. A Sertoli cell is a supporting cell projecting inward from the basement membrane of seminiferous tubules. 2
GO:0060956 endocardial cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of an endocardial cell. An endocardial cell is a specialized endothelial cell that makes up the endocardium portion of the heart. The endocardium is the innermost layer of tissue of the heart, and lines the heart chambers. 2
GO:0021554 optic nerve development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the optic nerve over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The sensory optic nerve originates from the bipolar cells of the retina and conducts visual information to the brainstem. The optic nerve exits the back of the eye in the orbit, enters the optic canal, and enters the central nervous system at the optic chiasm (crossing) where the nerve fibers become the optic tract just prior to entering the hindbrain. 2
GO:0035845 photoreceptor cell outer segment organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level and results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the outer segment of a photoreceptor cell, a sensory cell that reacts to the presence of light. The outer segment of the photoreceptor cell contains the light-absorbing materials. 2
GO:0060509 Type I pneumocyte differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a Type I pneumocyte. A type I pneumocyte is a flattened cell with greatly attenuated cytoplasm and a paucity of organelles. 2
GO:0021978 telencephalon regionalization The regionalization process that creates areas within the forebrain that will direct the behavior of cell migration in differentiation as the telencephalon develops. 2
GO:0009957 epidermal cell fate specification The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an epidermal cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed. 2
GO:0061371 determination of heart left/right asymmetry Determination of the asymmetric location of the heart with respect to the left and right halves of the organism. 2
GO:0060923 cardiac muscle cell fate commitment The commitment of cells to specific cardiac muscle cell fates and their capacity to differentiate into cardiac muscle cells. Cardiac muscle cells are striated muscle cells that are responsible for heart contraction. 2
GO:0045035 sensory organ precursor cell division The series of four asymmetric divisions undergone by the sensory organ precursor cells to generate cells that have distinct cell fates. For example, in the external sensory organ, the precursor cells give rise to one multidendritic neuron and four additional cells (the socket, shaft, sheath cells and the external sense neuron). 2
GO:0048332 mesoderm morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of the mesoderm are generated and organized. 2
GO:0021703 locus ceruleus development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the locus ceruleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The locus ceruleus is a dense cluster of neurons within the dorsorostral pons. This nucleus is the major location of neurons that release norepinephrine throughout the brain, and is responsible for physiological responses to stress and panic. 2
GO:0021520 spinal cord motor neuron cell fate specification The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a motor neuron in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway. 2
GO:0072273 metanephric nephron morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of the metanephric nephron are generated and organized. A metanephric nephron is the functional unit of the metanephros. 2
GO:0030709 border follicle cell delamination The delamination process that results in the splitting off of border cells from the anterior epithelium, prior to border cell migration. 2
GO:0060448 dichotomous subdivision of terminal units involved in lung branching The process in which a lung bud bifurcates. 2
GO:0007469 antennal development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the antenna over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The antenna are the sensory structures on the head that are capable of detecting various environmental stimuli. 2
GO:0039021 pronephric glomerulus development The progression of the glomerulus of the pronephric kidney over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The pronephric glomerulus is part of the pronephric nephron and is restricted to one body segment. 2
GO:0003230 cardiac atrium development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cardiac atrium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A cardiac atrium receives blood from a vein and pumps it to a cardiac ventricle. 2
GO:0060463 lung lobe morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of a lung lobe are generated and organized. A lung lobe is a projection that extends from the lung. 2
GO:0021758 putamen development The progression of the putamen over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The putamen is the lens-shaped basal ganglion involved with control of voluntary movement in the brain. 2
GO:0016445 somatic diversification of immunoglobulins The somatic process that results in the generation of sequence diversity of immunoglobulins. 2
GO:0060411 cardiac septum morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structure of a cardiac septum is generated and organized. A cardiac septum is a partition that separates parts of the heart. 2
GO:0060576 intestinal epithelial cell development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell of the intestine over time, from its formation to the mature structure. 2
GO:0048053 R1/R6 development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the R1 and R6 pair of photoreceptors in the eye over time, from their formation to the mature structures. R1 and R6 are paired photoreceptors that contribute to the outer rhabdomeres. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster. 2
GO:0002329 pre-B cell differentiation The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a pre-B cell. Pre-B cells follow the pro-B cell stage of immature B cell differentiation and undergo rearrangement of heavy chain V, D, and J gene segments. 2
GO:0021696 cerebellar cortex morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structure of the cranial nerves are generated and organized. The cerebellar cortex is a thin mantle of gray matter that covers the surface of each cerebral hemisphere. It has a characteristic morphology with convolutions (gyri) and crevices (sulci) that have specific functions. Six layers of nerve cells and the nerve pathways that connect them comprise the cerebellar cortex. Together, these regions are responsible for the processes of conscious thought, perception, emotion and memory as well as advanced motor function. 2
GO:0060029 convergent extension involved in organogenesis The morphogenetic process in which an epithelium narrows along one axis and lengthens in a perpendicular axis contribution to the shaping of an organ. 2
GO:0033152 immunoglobulin V(D)J recombination The process in which immunoglobulin gene segments are recombined within a single locus utilizing the conserved heptamer and nonomer recombination signal sequences (RSS). For immunoglobulin heavy chains V, D, and J gene segments are joined, and for immunoglobulin light chains V and J gene segments are joined. 2
GO:0060443 mammary gland morphogenesis The process in which anatomical structures of the mammary gland are generated and organized. Morphogenesis refers to the creation of shape. The mammary gland is a large compound sebaceous gland that in female mammals is modified to secrete milk. 2
GO:0035153 epithelial cell type specification, open tracheal system Allocation of epithelial cells within each migrating branch in an open tracheal system to distinct tracheal cell fates. During the migration phase each branch forms a well-defined number of cell types (including fusion cells, terminal cells and branch cells) at precise positions. 2
GO:0003228 atrial cardiac muscle tissue development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of cardiac muscle of the atrium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. 2
GO:0008065 establishment of blood-nerve barrier The establishment of the barrier between the perineurium of peripheral nerves and the vascular endothelium of endoneurial capillaries. The perineurium acts as a diffusion barrier, but ion permeability at the blood-nerve barrier is still higher than at the blood-brain barrier. 2
GO:0072049 comma-shaped body morphogenesis The process in which the comma-shaped body is generated and organized. The comma-shaped body is the precursor structure to the S-shaped body that contributes to the morphogenesis of the nephron. 1
GO:0048527 lateral root development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lateral root over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A lateral root is one formed from pericycle cells located on the xylem radius of the root, as opposed to the initiation of the main root from the embryo proper. 1
GO:0032287 peripheral nervous system myelin maintenance The process in which the structure and material content of mature peripheral nervous system myelin is kept in a functional state. 1
GO:0010626 negative regulation of Schwann cell proliferation Any process that decreases the frequency or extent of the multiplication or reproduction of Schwann cells, resulting in the expansion of their population. Schwann cells are a type of glial cell in the peripheral nervous system. 1
GO:0060458 right lung development The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a right lung from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the right lung and ends with the mature structure. The right lung is the lung which is on the right side of the anterior posterior axis looking from a dorsal to ventral aspect. 1
GO:0060364 frontal suture morphogenesis The process in which the frontal suture is generated and organized. 1
GO:0060931 sinoatrial node cell development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a sinoatrial (SA) node cell over time, from its formation to the mature state. SA node cells are pacemaker cells that are found in the sinoatrial node. 1
GO:0045608 negative regulation of auditory receptor cell differentiation Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of auditory hair cell differentiation. 1
GO:0035311 wing cell fate specification The process in which a cell in the larval wing imaginal disc becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a wing cell, if left in its normal environment. 1
GO:0060438 trachea development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a trachea over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The trachea is the portion of the airway that attaches to the bronchi as it branches. 1
GO:0072227 metanephric macula densa development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric macula densa over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephric macula densa is an area of specialized cells in the distal tubule of the metanephros that makes contact with the vascular pole of the glomerulus. 1
GO:0046845 branched duct epithelial cell fate determination, open tracheal system Allocation of a set number of cells to each primary branch in an open tracheal system, prior to the onset of cell migration. This establishes different domains of cells within the tracheal placode. 1
GO:0048680 positive regulation of axon regeneration Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of axon regeneration. 1
GO:0072050 S-shaped body morphogenesis The process in which the S-shaped body is generated and organized. The S-shaped body is the successor of the comma-shaped body that contributes to the morphogenesis of the nephron. 1
GO:0040032 post-embryonic body morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of the post-embryonic soma are generated and organized. 1
GO:0070654 sensory epithelium regeneration The regrowth of a sensory epithelium following its loss or destruction. 1
GO:0048170 positive regulation of long-term neuronal synaptic plasticity A process that increases long-term neuronal synaptic plasticity, the ability of neuronal synapses to change long-term as circumstances require. Long-term neuronal synaptic plasticity generally involves increase or decrease in actual synapse numbers. 1
GO:0035886 vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a vascular smooth muscle cell. 1
GO:0021869 forebrain ventricular zone progenitor cell division The mitotic division of a basal progenitor giving rise to two neurons. 1
GO:0061010 gall bladder development The progression of the gall bladder over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The gall bladder is a cavitated organ that stores bile. 1
GO:0048924 posterior lateral line neuromast mantle cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a posterior lateral line neuromast mantle cell. (N.B. This may be development of neuromast mantle cell type or a set of cells of neuromast mantle cell type. This will involve the change of a cell or set of cells from one cell identity to another). Mantle cells are non-sensory cells that surround the sensory strip, separating the neuromast from the epidermis. Mantle cells secrete the cupula in which the ciliary bundles of all of the hair cells are embedded. 1
GO:0007425 epithelial cell fate determination, open tracheal system The cell fate determination process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an epithelial cell within an open tracheal system regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed. Tracheal cells are set aside as 10 clusters of approximately 80 cells on each side of the embryo (termed tracheal placodes). An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster. 1
GO:0035989 tendon development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a tendon over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A tendon is a fibrous, strong, connective tissue that connects muscle to bone or integument and is capable of withstanding tension. Tendons and muscles work together to exert a pulling force. 1
GO:0021761 limbic system development The progression of the limbic system over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The limbic system is a collection of structures in the brain involved in emotion, motivation and emotional aspects of memory. 1
GO:0007473 wing disc proximal/distal pattern formation The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the proximal/distal axis of the wing disc, a precursor to the adult wing. 1
GO:0072274 metanephric glomerular basement membrane development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric glomerular basement membrane over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephric glomerular basement membrane is the basal laminal portion of the metanephric glomerulus which performs the actual filtration. 1
GO:0035844 cloaca development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cloaca over time, from it's formation to the mature structure. The cloaca is the common chamber into which intestinal, genital and urinary canals open in vertebrates. 1
GO:0043374 CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized T cell acquires specialized features of a mature CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell. 1
GO:0060447 bud outgrowth involved in lung branching The process in which a region of the lung epithelium initiates an outgrowth. 1
GO:0055060 asymmetric neuroblast division resulting in ganglion mother cell formation Any process resulting in the physical partitioning and separation of a neuroblast into a neuroblast and a ganglion mother cell. 1
GO:0061141 lung ciliated cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a lung ciliated cell. A lung ciliated cell is a specialized lung epithelial cell that contains a motile cilium for moving substances released from lung secretory cells. 1
GO:0021889 olfactory bulb interneuron differentiation The process in which a neuroblast acquires specialized features of an interneuron residing in the olfactory bulb. 1
GO:0010150 leaf senescence The process that occurs in a leaf near the end of its active life that is associated with the dismantling of cell components and membranes, loss of functional chloroplasts, and an overall decline in metabolism. 1
GO:0060598 dichotomous subdivision of terminal units involved in mammary gland duct morphogenesis The process in which the terminal end of a mammary duct bifurcates. 1
GO:0002520 immune system development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an organismal system whose objective is to provide calibrated responses by an organism to a potential internal or invasive threat, over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A system is a regularly interacting or interdependent group of organs or tissues that work together to carry out a given biological process. 1
GO:0021513 spinal cord dorsal/ventral patterning The process that regulates the coordinated growth and differentiation that establishes the non-random dorsal-ventral spatial arrangement of the spinal cord. 1
GO:0048820 hair follicle maturation A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a hair follicle to attain its fully functional state. 1
GO:0060434 bronchus morphogenesis The process in which the bronchus is generated and organized. The bronchus is the portion of the airway that connects to the lungs. 1
GO:0048483 autonomic nervous system development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the autonomic nervous system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The autonomic nervous system is composed of neurons that are not under conscious control, and is comprised of two antagonistic components, the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. The autonomic nervous system regulates key functions including the activity of the cardiac (heart) muscle, smooth muscles (e.g. of the gut), and glands. 1
GO:0035622 intrahepatic bile duct development The progression of the intrahepatic bile ducts over time, from their formation to the mature structure. Intrahepatic bile ducts (bile ducts within the liver) collect bile from bile canaliculi in the liver, and connect to the extrahepatic bile ducts (bile ducts outside the liver). 1
GO:0003181 atrioventricular valve morphogenesis The process in which the structure of the atrioventricular valve is generated and organized. 1
GO:0072520 seminiferous tubule development The reproductive developmental process whose specific outcome is the progression of the seminiferous tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Seminiferous tubules are ducts located in the testicles, and are the specific location of meiosis, and the subsequent creation of gametes, namely spermatozoa. 1
GO:0072133 metanephric mesenchyme morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of a metanephric mesenchymal tissue are generated and organized. Metanephric mesenchyme is the tissue made up of loosely connected mesenchymal cells in the metanephros. 1
GO:0061325 cell proliferation involved in outflow tract morphogenesis The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population that contributes to the shaping of the outflow tract. 1
GO:0060974 cell migration involved in heart formation The orderly movement of a cell from one site to another that contribute to the formation of the heart. The initial heart structure is made up of mesoderm-derived heart progenitor cells and neural crest-derived cells. 1
GO:0048857 neural nucleus development The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neural nucleus from its initial condition to its mature state. A neural nucleus is an anatomical structure consisting of a discrete aggregate of neuronal soma. 1
GO:0009556 microsporogenesis The process in which the microsporocyte undergoes meiosis, giving rise to four haploid microspores. 1
GO:0060068 vagina development The reproductive developmental process whose specific outcome is the progression of the vagina over time, from its formation to the mature structure. 1
GO:0072240 metanephric DCT cell differentiation The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the distal convoluted tubule cells of the metanephros as it progresses from its formation to the mature state. 1
GO:0043587 tongue morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of the tongue are generated and organized. The tongue is the movable, muscular organ on the floor of the mouth of most vertebrates, in man other mammals is the principal organ of taste, aids in the prehension of food, in swallowing, and in modifying the voice as in speech. 1
GO:0061436 establishment of skin barrier Establishment of the epithelial barrier, the functional barrier in the skin that limits its permeability. 1
GO:0048367 shoot system development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the shoot system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. 1
GO:0003222 ventricular trabecula myocardium morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of the trabecular cardiac ventricle muscle are generated and organized. 1
GO:0045685 regulation of glial cell differentiation Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glia cell differentiation. 1
GO:0002572 pro-T cell differentiation The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a pro-T cell. Pro-T cells are the earliest stage of the T cell lineage but are not fully committed. 1
GO:0061300 cerebellum vasculature development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the vasculature of the cerebellum over time, from its formation to the mature structure. 1
GO:0048827 phyllome development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a phyllome over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A phyllome is a collective term for all the different types of leaves appearing on plants. 1
GO:0021531 spinal cord radial glial cell differentiation The process in which neuroepithelial cells in the ventral neural tube acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of radial glial cells. Radial cell precursors differentiate into both neuronal cell types and mature radial glial cells. Mature radial glial cells regulate the axon growth and pathfinding processes that occur during white matter patterning of the developing spinal cord. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate. 1
GO:0097154 GABAergic neuron differentiation The process in which a neuroblast acquires the specialized structural and functional features of a GABAergic neuron. 1
GO:0035779 angioblast cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of an angioblast cell. Angioblasts are one of the two products formed from hemangioblast cells (the other being pluripotent hemopoietic stem cells). 1
GO:0010374 stomatal complex development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the stomatal complex over time from its formation to the mature structure. The stomatal complex is the stomatal guard cells and their associated epidermal cells. 1
GO:0072311 glomerular epithelial cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a glomerular epithelial cell. Glomerular epithelial cells are specialized epithelial cells that form part of the glomerulus; there are two types, glomerular parietal epithelial cells and glomerular visceral epithelial cells. 1
GO:0060528 secretory columnal luminar epithelial cell differentiation involved in prostate glandular acinus development The process in which a relatively unspecialized epithelial cell acquires specialized features of a secretory columnal luminar epithelial cell of the prostate. 1
GO:0021529 spinal cord oligodendrocyte cell differentiation The process in which neuroepithelial cells in the neural tube acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of oligodendrocytes. Oligodendrocytes are non-neuronal cells. The primary function of oligodendrocytes is the myelination of nerve axons in the central nervous system. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate. 1
GO:0003342 proepicardium development The progression of the proepicardium from its formation to the mature structure. The proepicardium is an outpouching of the septum transversum. 1
GO:0003350 pulmonary myocardium development The progression of the pulmonary myocardium over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The pulmonary myocardium is the myocardial tissue present in the pulmonary vein. 1
GO:0021539 subthalamus development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the subthalamus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The subthalamus is the anterior part of the diencephalon that lies between the thalamus, hypothalamus, and tegmentum of the mesencephalon, including subthalamic nucleus, zona incerta, the fields of Forel, and the nucleus of ansa lenticularis. 1
GO:0002328 pro-B cell differentiation The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a pro-B cell. Pro-B cells are the earliest stage of the B cell lineage and undergo heavy chain D and J gene rearrangements, although they are not fully committed. 1
GO:0001550 ovarian cumulus expansion Increase in size of the cumulus surrounding the oocyte including change in morphology due to proliferation and dispersion of cumulus cells. 1
GO:0060428 lung epithelium development The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lung epithelium from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of lung epithelium and ends with the mature structure. The lung epithelium is the specialized epithelium that lines the inside of the lung. 1
GO:0045299 otolith mineralization The precipitation of specific crystal forms of calcium carbonate with extracellular matrix proteins in the otolith organs of the vertebrate inner ear. 1
GO:0048794 swim bladder development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the swim bladder over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The swim bladder is used by some fishes to maintain buoyancy and may function in addition as a sound producing organ, a sound receptor, and a respiratory organ. 1
GO:0003290 atrial septum secundum morphogenesis The process in which anatomical structure of an atrial septum secundum is generated and organized. 1
GO:0030219 megakaryocyte differentiation The process in which a myeloid precursor cell acquires specializes features of a megakaryocyte. 1
GO:0021543 pallium development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pallium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The pallium is the roof region of the telencephalon. 1
GO:0048923 posterior lateral line neuromast hair cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a posterior lateral line neuromast hair cell. (N.B. This may be development of neuromast hair cell type or a set of cell of neuromast hair cell type. This will involve the change of a cell or set of cells from one cell identity to another). Hair cells are the sensory receptors of the neuromast and are located in a portion of the neuromast called the sensory strip. Each hair cell of the neuromast is morphologically polarized as a result of the relative position of the single kinocilium and the clusters of stereocilia on its apical surface. There are approximately seven hair cells within each neuromast, with each hair cell innervated by afferent and efferent neurons. 1
GO:0021570 rhombomere 4 development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of rhombomere 4 over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in anterior to posterior order. 1
GO:0008364 pupal chitin-based cuticle development Synthesis and deposition of a chitin-based pupal cuticle. At the end of the prepupal period the insect is covered by the pupal cuticle which continues to be elaborated into the pupal period. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster. 1
GO:0035112 genitalia morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of genitalia are generated and organized. The genitalia are the organs of reproduction or generation, external and internal. 1
GO:0061445 endocardial cushion cell fate commitment The commitment of a cell to an endocardial cushion cell fate and its capacity to differentiate into an endocardial cushion cell. 1
GO:0007462 R1/R6 cell fate commitment The process in which the R1/R6 photoreceptors commit to their cell fate. R1 and R6 are paired photoreceptors which contribute the outer rhabdomeres. 1
GO:0072134 nephrogenic mesenchyme morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of a nephrogenic mesenchymal tissue are generated and organized. Nephrogenic mesenchyme is the tissue made up of loosely connected mesenchymal cells in the nephron. 1
GO:0071109 superior temporal gyrus development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the superior temporal gyrus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The superior temporal gyrus is a portion of the cerebral cortex that extends from the lateral sulcus to the superior temporal sulcus. 1
GO:0061382 Malpighian tubule tip cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a Malpighian tubule tip cell. A Malpighian tubule tip cell is a mitogenic signaling cell that controls the proliferation of its neighboring cells. 1
GO:0060578 superior vena cava morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structure of superior vena cava generated and organized. The superior vena cava is a blood vessel that transports blood from the upper body to the heart. 1
GO:0021836 chemorepulsion involved in postnatal olfactory bulb interneuron migration The creation and reception of signals that repel olfactory bulb interneurons from the subventricular zone as a component process in tangential migration. 1
GO:0021534 cell proliferation in hindbrain The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population in the hindbrain. 1
GO:0060461 right lung morphogenesis The process in which anatomical structures of the right lung are generated and organized. 1
GO:0061219 mesonephric mesenchyme development The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a mesonephric mesenchyme from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of mesonephric mesenchyme and ends with the mature structure. Mesonephric mesenchyme is the tissue made up of loosely connected mesenchymal cells in the mesonephros. 1
GO:0035545 determination of left/right asymmetry in nervous system The establishment of the nervous system with respect to the left and right halves. 1
GO:0042249 establishment of planar polarity of embryonic epithelium Coordinated organization of groups of cells in the plane of an embryonic epithelium, such that they all orient to similar coordinates. 1
GO:0009912 auditory receptor cell fate commitment The process in which the cellular identity of auditory hair cells is acquired and determined. 1
GO:0031077 post-embryonic camera-type eye development The process occurring during the post-embryonic phase whose specific outcome is the progression of the camera-type eye over time, from its formation to the mature structure. 1
GO:0048443 stamen development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the stamen over time, from its formation to the mature structure. 1
GO:0060844 arterial endothelial cell fate commitment The commitment of a cell to an arterial endothelial cell fate and its capacity to differentiate into an arterial endothelial cell. 1
GO:0032836 glomerular basement membrane development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the glomerular basement membrane over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The glomerular basement membrane is the basal laminal portion of the glomerulus which performs the actual filtration. 1
GO:2000820 negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in smooth muscle cell differentiation Any negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter that is involved in smooth muscle cell differentiation. 1
GO:0097101 blood vessel endothelial cell fate specification The process involved in the specification of identity of a blood vessel endothelial cell. Once specification has taken place, a cell will be committed to differentiate down a specific pathway if left in its normal environment. A blood vessel endothelial cell is an endothelial cell of the vascular tree, which includes blood vessels and lymphatic vessels. 1
GO:0021985 neurohypophysis development The progression of the neurohypophysis over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The neurohypophysis is the part of the pituitary gland that secretes hormones involved in blood pressure regulation. 1
GO:0021568 rhombomere 2 development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of rhombomere 2 over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in anterior to posterior order. 1
GO:0043011 myeloid dendritic cell differentiation The process in which a monocyte acquires the specialized features of a dendritic cell, an immunocompetent cell of the lymphoid and hemopoietic systems and skin. 1
GO:0021862 early neuron differentiation in forebrain The process in which neuroepithelial cells in the neural tube acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of neurons. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate. 1
GO:0061324 canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in positive regulation of cardiac outflow tract cell proliferation The canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway that contributes to the modulation of the expansion of a population of cardiac outflow tract cells. 1
GO:0010026 trichome differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized epidermal cell acquires the specialized features of a trichome cell. An example of this process is found in Arabidopsis thaliana. 1
GO:0048802 notum morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of the dorsal part of the body are generated and organized. 1
GO:0048681 negative regulation of axon regeneration Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of axon regeneration. 1
GO:0021644 vagus nerve morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structure of the vagus nerve is generated and organized. This nerve is primarily sensory but also has visceromotor components. It originates in the brain stem and controls many autonomic functions of the heart, lungs, stomach, pharynx, larynx, trachea, esophagus and other gastrointestinal tract components. It controls some motor functions such as speech. The sensory branches mediate sensation from the pharynx, larynx, thorax and abdomen; it also innervates taste buds in the epiglottis. 1
GO:0061030 epithelial cell differentiation involved in mammary gland alveolus development The process in which a relatively unspecialized epithelial cell becomes a more specialized epithelial cell of the mammary gland alveolus. 1
GO:0021885 forebrain cell migration The orderly movement of a cell from one site to another at least one of which is located in the forebrain. 1
GO:0035069 larval midgut histolysis The stage-specific break down of the larval midgut during Drosophila metamorphosis, to allow replacement of larval structures by tissues and structures that form the adult fly. 1
GO:0042640 anagen The growth phase of the hair cycle. Lasts, for example, about 3 to 6 years for human scalp hair. 1
GO:0042706 eye photoreceptor cell fate commitment The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into an eye photoreceptor cell. A photoreceptor cell is a cell that responds to incident electromagnetic radiation. Different classes of photoreceptor have different spectral sensitivities and express different photosensitive pigments. 1
GO:0060742 epithelial cell differentiation involved in prostate gland development The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an epithelial cell of the prostate gland. 1
GO:0072196 proximal/distal pattern formation involved in pronephric nephron development The regionalization process in which specific areas of cell differentiation are determined along a proximal/distal axis of the pronephros. 1
GO:0061328 posterior Malpighian tubule development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the posterior Malpighian tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The pair of posterior tubules arise from a ventrolateral region of the embryonic hindgut and project backwards through the body cavity. A Malpighian tubule is a fine, thin-walled excretory tubule in insects which connects with the posterior part of the gut. 1
GO:0009836 fruit ripening, climacteric A fruit ripening process that involves a burst of respiration and ethylene (ethene) evolution at the onset. 1
GO:0014902 myotube differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a myotube cell. Myotube differentiation starts with myoblast fusion and the appearance of specific cell markers (this is the cell development step). Then individual myotubes can fuse to form bigger myotubes and start to contract. Myotubes are multinucleated cells that are formed when proliferating myoblasts exit the cell cycle, differentiate and fuse. 1
GO:0003167 atrioventricular bundle cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a cell of the atrioventricular bundle. These cells are specialized cardiomyocytes that transmit signals from the AV node to the cardiac Purkinje fibers. 1
GO:0048050 post-embryonic eye morphogenesis The process, occurring after embryonic development, by which the anatomical structures of the eye are generated and organized. The eye is the organ of sight. 1
GO:0035137 hindlimb morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of the hindlimb are generated and organized. 1
GO:0060351 cartilage development involved in endochondral bone morphogenesis The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cartilage that will provide a scaffold for mineralization of endochondral bones. 1
GO:0030851 granulocyte differentiation The process in which a myeloid precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a granulocyte. Granulocytes are a class of leukocytes characterized by the presence of granules in their cytoplasm. These cells are active in allergic immune reactions such as arthritic inflammation and rashes. This class includes basophils, eosinophils and neutrophils. 1
GO:0060540 diaphragm morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of the diaphragm are generated and organized. 1
GO:0060019 radial glial cell differentiation The process in which neuroepithelial cells of the neural tube give rise to radial glial cells, specialized bipotential progenitors cells of the brain. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate. 1
GO:0016447 somatic recombination of immunoglobulin gene segments The process in which immunoglobulin genes are formed through recombination of the germline genetic elements, as known as immunoglobulin gene segments, within a single locus. 1
GO:0021564 vagus nerve development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the vagus nerve over time, from its formation to the mature structure. This nerve is primarily sensory but also has visceromotor components. It originates in the brain stem and controls many autonomic functions of the heart, lungs, stomach, pharynx, larynx, trachea, esophagus and other gastrointestinal tract components. It controls some motor functions such as speech. The sensory branches mediate sensation from the pharynx, larynx, thorax and abdomen; it also innervates taste buds in the epiglottis. 1
GO:0060537 muscle tissue development The progression of muscle tissue over time, from its initial formation to its mature state. Muscle tissue is a contractile tissue made up of actin and myosin fibers. 1
GO:0097107 postsynaptic density assembly The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a postsynaptic density, a region that lies adjacent to the cytoplasmic face of the postsynaptic membrane at excitatory synapse. 1
GO:0007313 maternal specification of dorsal/ventral axis, oocyte, soma encoded Polarization of the oocyte along the dorsal-ventral axis, by a gene product encoded by somatic cells. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster. 1
GO:0010014 meristem initiation Initiation of a region of tissue in a plant that is composed of one or more undifferentiated cells capable of undergoing mitosis and differentiation, thereby effecting growth and development of a plant by giving rise to more meristem or specialized tissue. 1
GO:0043584 nose development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the nose over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The nose is the specialized structure of the face that serves as the organ of the sense of smell and as part of the respiratory system. Includes the nasi externus (external nose) and cavitas nasi (nasal cavity). 1
GO:0060117 auditory receptor cell development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an auditory receptor cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a specific fate. 1
GO:0035169 lymph gland plasmatocyte differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized larval lymph gland-derived hemocyte precursor cell acquires the specialized features of the phagocytic blood-cell type, the plasmatocyte. 1
GO:0060126 somatotropin secreting cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a somatotropin secreting cell. A somatotropin secreting cell is an acidophilic cell of the anterior pituitary that produces growth hormone, somatotropin. 1
GO:0046632 alpha-beta T cell differentiation The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of an alpha-beta T cell. An alpha-beta T cell is a T cell that expresses an alpha-beta T cell receptor complex. 1
GO:0021763 subthalamic nucleus development The progression of the subthalamic nucleus over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The subthalamic nucleus is the lens-shaped nucleus located in the ventral part of the subthalamus on the inner aspect of the internal capsule that is concerned with the integration of somatic motor function. 1
GO:2000721 positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in smooth muscle cell differentiation Any positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter that is involved in smooth muscle cell differentiation. 1
GO:0031288 sorocarp morphogenesis The process in which the sorocarp is generated and organized. An example of this process is found in Dictyostelium discoideum. 1
GO:0002071 glandular epithelial cell maturation The developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a glandular epithelial cell to attain its fully functional state. A glandular epithelial cell is a columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell is a cell found in a two dimensional sheet with a free surface exposed to the lumen of a gland. 1
GO:0045677 negative regulation of R7 cell differentiation Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of R7cell differentiation. 1
GO:0072141 renal interstitial cell development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a renal interstitial cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. 1
GO:0014904 myotube cell development The process aimed at the progression of a myotube cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. Myotubes are multinucleated cells that are formed when proliferating myoblasts exit the cell cycle, differentiate and fuse. 1
GO:0043366 beta selection The process in which successful recombination of a T cell receptor beta chain into a translatable protein coding sequence leads to rescue from apoptosis and subsequent proliferation of an immature T cell. 1
GO:0002573 myeloid leukocyte differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized myeloid precursor cell acquires the specialized features of any cell of the myeloid leukocyte lineage. 1
GO:0035993 deltoid tuberosity development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the deltoid tuberosity over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The deltoid tuberosity is the region on the shaft of the humerus to which the deltoid muscle attaches. The deltoid tuberosity develops through endochondral ossification in a two-phase process; an initiating tendon-dependent phase, and a muscle-dependent growth phase. 1
GO:0031099 regeneration The regrowth of a lost or destroyed body part, such as an organ or tissue. 1
GO:0008363 larval chitin-based cuticle development Synthesis and deposition of a chitin-based larval cuticle. The insect larval cuticle is a secretion from epidermal cells that is shed at each molt. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster. 1
GO:0060563 neuroepithelial cell differentiation The process in which epiblast cells acquire specialized features of neuroepithelial cells. 1
GO:0036035 osteoclast development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a osteoclast from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a specific fate. An osteoclast is a specialized phagocytic cell associated with the absorption and removal of the mineralized matrix of bone tissue. 1
GO:0002320 lymphoid progenitor cell differentiation The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a lymphoid progenitor cell. Lymphoid progenitor cells include progenitor cells for any of the lymphoid lineages. 1
GO:0002930 trabecular meshwork development The progression of the trabecular meshwork over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The trabecular meshwork is a fenestrated endothelial-like tissue situated at the intersection of the cornea and the iris. The trabecular meshwork provides drainage for the aqueous humor. 1
GO:0060538 skeletal muscle organ development The progression of a skeletal muscle organ over time from its initial formation to its mature state. A skeletal muscle organ includes the skeletal muscle tissue and its associated connective tissue. 1
GO:0072053 renal inner medulla development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the renal inner medulla over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The renal inner medulla is unique to mammalian kidneys and is the innermost region of the mammalian kidney. 1
GO:0061309 cardiac neural crest cell development involved in outflow tract morphogenesis The process aimed at the progression of a cardiac neural crest cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to its specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell that contributes to the shaping of the outflow tract. 1
GO:0048135 female germ-line cyst formation Formation of a group of interconnected cells derived from a single female gonial founder cell. 1
GO:0045872 positive regulation of rhodopsin gene expression Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of rhodopsin gene expression. 1
GO:0007510 cardioblast cell fate determination The cell fate determination process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a cardioblast cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating. 1
GO:0014016 neuroblast differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuroblast. There are at least four stages through which the pluripotent cells of epiblast or blastula become neuroblasts. 1
GO:0072282 metanephric nephron tubule morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of a metanephric nephron tubule are generated and organized. A metanephric nephron tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the metanephric nephron, the functional part of the metanephros. 1
GO:0061312 BMP signaling pathway involved in heart development A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a member of the BMP (bone morphogenetic protein) family to a receptor on the surface of a target cell, which contributes to the progression of the heart over time. 1
GO:0060678 dichotomous subdivision of terminal units involved in ureteric bud branching The process in which a ureteric bud bifurcates at its end. 1
GO:0021629 olfactory nerve structural organization The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the oculomotor nerve. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. The olfactory nerve is a collection of sensory nerve rootlets that extend down from the olfactory bulb to the olfactory mucosa of the upper parts of the nasal cavity. This nerve conducts odor information to the brainstem. 1
GO:0060460 left lung morphogenesis The process in which anatomical structures of the left lung are generated and organized. 1
GO:0035143 caudal fin morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of the caudal fin are generated and organized. A caudal fin is an unpaired medial fin mounted at the caudal end of the fish, and is the main fin used for propulsion. 1
GO:0039019 pronephric nephron development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pronephric nephron over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A pronephric nephron is the functional unit of the pronephros. 1
GO:0035462 determination of left/right asymmetry in diencephalon The establishment of the diencephalon with respect to the left and right halves. 1
GO:0048588 developmental cell growth The growth of a cell, where growth contributes to the progression of the cell over time from one condition to another. 1
GO:0072560 type B pancreatic cell maturation A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a type B pancreatic cell to attain its fully functional state. A type B pancreatic cell is a cell located towards center of the islets of Langerhans that secretes insulin. 1
GO:0002335 mature B cell differentiation The process in which transitional stage B cells acquire the specialized features of mature B cells in the spleen. 1
GO:0060066 oviduct development The reproductive developmental process whose specific outcome is the progression of an oviduct over time, from its formation to the mature structure. An oviduct is a tube through which an ova passes from the ovary to the uterus, or from the ovary to the outside of the organism. 1
GO:0072189 ureter development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ureter over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The ureter is a muscular tube that transports urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder or from the Malpighian tubule to the hindgut. 1
GO:0042668 auditory receptor cell fate determination The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an auditory hair cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed. 1
GO:0043367 CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized T cell acquires specialized features of a mature CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell. 1
GO:0048918 posterior lateral line nerve development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the posterior lateral line nerve over time, form its formation to the mature structure. The posterior lateral line nerve innervates hair cells of the PLL and projects to an octavolateralis column in the hindbrain that consists of the medial octavolateralis nucleus (MON), the caudal octavolateralis nucleus, and the magnocellular nucleus. 1
GO:0043589 skin morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of the skin are generated and organized. The skin is the external membranous integument of an animal. In vertebrates the skin generally consists of two layers, an outer nonsensitive and nonvascular epidermis (cuticle or skarfskin) composed of cells which are constantly growing and multiplying in the deeper, and being thrown off in the superficial layers, as well as an inner, sensitive and vascular dermis (cutis, corium or true skin) composed mostly of connective tissue. 1
GO:0048735 haltere morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of a haltere are generated and organized. 1
GO:0009554 megasporogenesis The process in which the megasporocyte undergoes meiosis, giving rise to four haploid megaspores in the nucellus. 1
GO:0072017 distal tubule development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the distal tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In mammals, the distal tubule is a nephron tubule that begins at the macula densa and extends to the connecting tubule. 1
GO:0007559 histolysis The breakdown of tissues; usually, if not always, accompanied by cell death, followed by the complete dissolution of dead tissue. 1
GO:0097421 liver regeneration The regrowth of lost or destroyed liver. 1
GO:0061379 inferior colliculus development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the inferior colliculus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The inferior colliculus (IC) (Latin, lower hill) is the principal midbrain nucleus of the auditory pathway and receives input from several more peripheral brainstem nuclei in the auditory pathway, as well as inputs from the auditory cortex. The inferior colliculus has three subdivisions: the central nucleus (CIC), a dorsal cortex (DCIC) by which it is surrounded, and an external cortex (ICX) which is located laterally. 1
GO:0035092 sperm chromatin condensation The progressive compaction of the spermatid chromatin so that it reaches a level of condensation that is not compatible with nuclear activities such as transcription or DNA replication. 1
GO:0002507 tolerance induction A process that directly activates any of the steps required for tolerance, a physiologic state in which the immune system does not react destructively against the components of an organism that harbors it or against antigens that are introduced to it. 1
GO:0021530 spinal cord oligodendrocyte cell fate specification The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an oligodendrocyte in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway. 1
GO:0072006 nephron development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the nephron over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A nephron is the functional unit of the kidney. 1
GO:0061003 positive regulation of dendritic spine morphogenesis Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of dendritic spine morphogenesis, the process in which the anatomical structures of a dendritic spine are generated and organized. A dendritic spine is a protrusion from a dendrite and a specialized subcellular compartment involved in synaptic transmission. 1
GO:0014707 branchiomeric skeletal muscle development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the branchiomeric skeletal muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The branchiomeric muscle is derived from cranial mesoderm and controls facial expression, pharyngeal and laryngeal function, operating the jaw. The muscle begins its development with the differentiation of the muscle cells and ends with the mature muscle. Branchiomeric muscles of mammals correspond to the gill musculature of fish. 1
GO:0003142 cardiogenic plate morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of the cardiogenic plate are generated and organized. The cardiogenic plate is the first recognizable structure derived from the heart field. 1
GO:0035154 terminal cell fate specification, open tracheal system The process in which a cell in an open tracheal system becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a terminal cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed. Terminal cells send long and bifurcated hollow branches toward target tissues to allow oxygen exchange. 1
GO:0060736 prostate gland growth The increase in size or mass of the prostate gland where the increase in size or mass has the specific outcome of the progression of the gland, from its formation to its mature state. 1
GO:0030221 basophil differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized myeloid precursor cell acquires specialized features of a basophil cell. 1
GO:0021877 forebrain neuron fate commitment The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a neuron that resides in the forebrain. 1
GO:0072218 metanephric ascending thin limb development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a metanephric ascending thin limb over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephric ascending thin limb is a segment of a nephron tubule in the metanephros lying in the inner medulla that is permeable to ions but not to water and has a simple epithelium; active transepithelial solute transport is absent. 1
GO:0061290 canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in metanephric kidney development The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes that contribute to the progression of the metanephric kidney over time. In this pathway, the activated receptor signals via downstream effectors that result in the inhibition of beta-catenin phosphorylation, thereby preventing degradation of beta-catenin. Stabilized beta-catenin can then accumulate and travel to the nucleus to trigger changes in transcription of target genes. 1
GO:0010073 meristem maintenance Any process involved in maintaining the identity, size and shape of a meristem. 1
GO:0090251 protein localization involved in establishment of planar polarity Any process in which a protein is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location in a cell that contributes to the establishment of planar polarity. 1
GO:0060973 cell migration involved in heart development The orderly movement of a cell from one site to another that will contribute to the progression of the heart over time, from its initial formation, to the mature organ. 1
GO:0007478 leg disc morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures derived from the leg disc are generated and organized. This includes the transformation of a leg imaginal disc from a monolayered epithelium in the larvae of holometabolous insects into recognizable adult structures including the leg, coxa and ventral thoracic pleura. 1
GO:0072249 metanephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a metanephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A metanephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell is a specialized epithelial cell that contains "feet" that interdigitate with the "feet" of other glomerular epithelial cells in the metanephros. 1
GO:0061138 morphogenesis of a branching epithelium The process in which the anatomical structures of a branched epithelium are generated and organized. 1
GO:0010227 floral organ abscission The controlled shedding of floral organs. 1
GO:0060675 ureteric bud morphogenesis The process in which the ureteric bud is generated and organized. 1
GO:0021538 epithalamus development The progression of the epithalamus over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The epithalamus is the small dorsomedial area of the thalamus including the habenular nuclei and associated fiber bundles, the pineal body, and the epithelial roof of the third ventricle. 1
GO:0001542 ovulation from ovarian follicle The process leading to the rupture of the follicle, releasing the centrally located oocyte into the oviduct. An example of this is found in Mus musculus. 1
GO:0060983 epicardium-derived cardiac vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell derived from the epicardium acquires specialized features of a cardiac vascular smooth muscle cell. A cardiac vascular smooth muscle cell covers the heart vasculature and lacks transverse striations in its constituent fibers. 1
GO:0010089 xylem development The formation of the principal water-conducting tissue of a vascular plant. 1
GO:0002066 columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell is a cell usually found in a two dimensional sheet with a free surface. Columnar/cuboidal epithelial cells take on the shape of a column or cube. 1
GO:0072012 glomerulus vasculature development The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a glomerulus vasculature from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the glomerulus vasculature and ends with the mature structure. The glomerulus vasculature is composed of the tubule structures that carry blood or lymph in the glomerulus. 1
GO:0072076 nephrogenic mesenchyme development The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a nephrogenic mesenchyme from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of nephrogenic mesenchyme and ends with the mature structure. Nephrogenic mesenchyme is the tissue made up of loosely connected mesenchymal cells in the nephron. 1
GO:0060386 synapse assembly involved in innervation The assembly of a synapse within a target tissue in which a nerve is invading. 1
GO:0060127 prolactin secreting cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a prolactin secreting cell. A prolactin secreting cell is an acidophilic cell of the anterior pituitary that produces prolactin. 1
GO:0045607 regulation of auditory receptor cell differentiation Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of auditory hair cell differentiation. 1
GO:0060740 prostate gland epithelium morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of epithelia of the prostate gland are generated and organized. An epithelium consists of closely packed cells arranged in one or more layers, that covers the outer surfaces of the body or lines any internal cavity or tube. 1
GO:0072233 metanephric thick ascending limb development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric thick ascending limb over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephric thick ascending limb is the last part of the metanephric loop of Henle. Its thick, mitochondria-rich epithelium characterizes the outer medulla, and is responsible for very avid active salt transport. At the macula densa, the thick ascending limb connects to the distal convoluted tubule. 1
GO:0072132 mesenchyme morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of a mesenchymal tissue are generated and organized. A mesenchymal tissue is made up of loosely packed stellate cells. 1
GO:0055057 neuroblast division The process resulting in the physical partitioning and separation of a neuroblast into daughter cells. A neuroblast is any cell that will divide and give rise to a neuron. 1
GO:0009886 post-embryonic morphogenesis The process, occurring after embryonic development, by which anatomical structures are generated and organized. 1
GO:0007508 larval heart development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the larval heart over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In Drosophila the larval heart (dorsal vessel) is a continuous tube of mesodormal cells that runs beneath the dorsal midline of the epidermis, divided into an anterior aorta and a posterior heart proper. 1
GO:0048625 myoblast fate commitment The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a myoblast. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers. 1
GO:0060459 left lung development The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a left lung from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the left lung and ends with the mature structure. The left lung is the lung which is on the left side of the anterior posterior axis looking from a dorsal to ventral aspect. 1
GO:2000793 cell proliferation involved in heart valve development Any cell proliferation that is involved in heart valve development. 1
GO:0090131 mesenchyme migration The process in which the population of cells that make up a mesenchyme undergo directed movement. 1
GO:0014017 neuroblast fate commitment The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will differentiate into a neuroblast. 1
GO:0072229 metanephric proximal convoluted tubule development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric proximal convoluted tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephric proximal convoluted tubule is the most proximal portion of the metanephric proximal tubule and extends from the metanephric glomerular capsule to the metanephric proximal straight tubule. 1
GO:0071529 cementum mineralization The process in which calcium salts, mainly carbonated hydroxyapatite, are deposited into the initial acellular cementum. 1
GO:0001552 ovarian follicle atresia A periodic process in which immature ovarian follicles degenerate and are subsequently re-absorbed. 1
GO:0080125 multicellular structure septum development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the multicellular structure septum over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The multicellular structure septum is the thin partition or membrane that divides a cavity or a mass of tissue. 1
GO:0097113 alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionate receptor clustering The receptor clustering process in which alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionate (AMPA) receptors are localized to distinct domains in the cell membrane. 1
GO:0072054 renal outer medulla development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the renal outer medulla over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The renal outer medulla is the region of the kidney that lies between the renal cortex and the renal inner medulla. 1
GO:0021740 principal sensory nucleus of trigeminal nerve development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pontine nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. 1
GO:0072073 kidney epithelium development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an epithelium in the kidney over time, from its formation to the mature structure. An epithelium is a tissue that covers the internal or external surfaces of an anatomical structure. 1
GO:0007448 anterior/posterior pattern specification, imaginal disc The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the anterior/posterior axis of the imaginal disc. Imaginal discs are epithelial infoldings in the larvae of holometabolous insects that rapidly develop into adult appendages during metamorphosis from larval to adult form. 1
GO:0072170 metanephric tubule development The progression of a metanephric tubule over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. A metanephric tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the metanephros. 1
GO:0045873 negative regulation of sevenless signaling pathway Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the sevenless signaling pathway. 1
GO:0035263 genital disc sexually dimorphic development The sex-specific patterns of primoridia growth and differentiation in the genital imaginal disc. The anal primordium of the genital disc develops in both sexes, but depending on the genetic sex gives rise to either male or female analia. Depending on the genetic sex, only one of the two genital primordia develop. In females the female genital primordium develops and gives rise to the female genitalia whereas the male primordium is repressed. Conversely, in males the male genital primordium develops and gives rise to the male genitalia whereas the female genital primordium is repressed. 1
GO:0060426 lung vasculature development The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a lung vasculature from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the lung vasculature and ends with the mature structure. The lung vasculature is composed of the tubule structures that carry blood or lymph in the lungs. 1
GO:0060842 arterial endothelial cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized endothelial cell acquires specialized features of an arterial endothelial cell, a thin flattened cell that lines the inside surfaces of arteries. 1
GO:0021692 cerebellar Purkinje cell layer morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structure of the cerebellar Purkinje cell layer is generated and organized. The Purkinje cell layer lies just underneath the molecular layer of the cerebellar cortex. It contains the neuronal cell bodies of the Purkinje cells that are arranged side by side in a single layer. Candelabrum interneurons are vertically oriented between the Purkinje cells. Purkinje neurons are inhibitory and provide the output of the cerebellar cortex through axons that project into the white matter. Extensive dendritic trees from the Purkinje cells extend upward in a single plane into the molecular layer where they synapse with parallel fibers of granule cells. 1
GO:0003306 Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in heart development The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell, resulting a change in cell state that contributes to the progression of the heart over time. 1
GO:0010358 leaf shaping The developmental process that pertains to the organization of a leaf in three-dimensional space once the structure has initially formed. 1
GO:0060664 epithelial cell proliferation involved in salivary gland morphogenesis The multiplication or reproduction of epithelial cells of the submandibular salivary gland, resulting in the expansion of a cell population and the shaping of the gland. 1
GO:0048440 carpel development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the carpel over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A carpel is an organ (generally believed to be a modified foliar unit) at the centre of a flower, bearing one or more ovules and having its margins fused together or with other carpels to enclose the ovule in an ovary, and consisting also of a stigma and usually a style. 1
GO:0035881 amacrine cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an amacrine cell, an interneuron generated in the inner nuclear layer (INL) of the vertebrate retina. Amacrine cells integrate, modulate, and interpose a temporal domain in the visual message presented to the retinal ganglion cells, with which they synapse in the inner plexiform layer. Amacrine cells lack large axons. 1
GO:0048133 male germ-line stem cell division The self-renewing division of a germline stem cell in the male gonad, to produce a daughter stem cell and a daughter germ cell, which will divide to form the male gametes. 1
GO:0030323 respiratory tube development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the respiratory tube over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The respiratory tube is assumed to mean any tube in the respiratory tract. 1
GO:0007496 anterior midgut development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the anterior midgut over time, from its formation to the mature structure. 1
GO:0060783 mesenchymal smoothened signaling pathway involved in prostate gland development The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of activation of the transmembrane Smoothened-type protein in the mesenchymal cells of the prostate that contribute to the progression of the prostate over time. This process contributes to lung development. 1
GO:0021519 spinal cord association neuron specification The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an association neuron in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway. 1
GO:0021982 pineal gland development The progression of the pineal gland over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The pineal gland is an endocrine gland that secretes melatonin and is involved in circadian rhythms. 1
GO:0010183 pollen tube guidance The process in which the growth of pollen tube is directed towards the female gametophyte. 1
GO:1900006 positive regulation of dendrite development Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of dendrite development. 1
GO:0021602 cranial nerve morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structure of the cranial nerves are generated and organized. The cranial nerves are composed of twelve pairs of nerves that emanate from the nervous tissue of the hindbrain. These nerves are sensory, motor, or mixed in nature, and provide the motor and general sensory innervation of the head, neck and viscera. They mediate vision, hearing, olfaction and taste and carry the parasympathetic innervation of the autonomic ganglia that control visceral functions. 1
GO:0072136 metanephric mesenchymal cell proliferation involved in metanephros development The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a metanephric mesenchymal cell population. 1
GO:0043249 erythrocyte maturation A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for an erythrocyte to attain its fully functional state. 1
GO:0021526 medial motor column neuron differentiation The process in which differentiating motor neurons in the neural tube acquire the specialized structural and/or functional features of medial motor column neurons. Medial motor column neurons are generated at all rostrocaudal levels and send axons to the axial muscles (medial group) and to the body wall muscles (lateral group). Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate. 1
GO:0061032 visceral serous pericardium development The progression of the visceral serous pericardium from its formation to the mature structure. The visceral serous pericardium is the inner layer of the pericardium. 1
GO:0021548 pons development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pons over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The pons lies above the medulla and next to the cerebellum. The pons conveys information about movement from the cerebral hemisphere to the cerebellum. 1
GO:0048736 appendage development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an appendage over time, from its formation to the mature structure. An appendage is an organ or part that is attached to the trunk of an organism, such as a limb or a branch. 1
GO:0003171 atrioventricular valve development The progression of the atrioventricular valve over time, from its formation to the mature structure. 1
GO:0010154 fruit development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the fruit over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The fruit is a reproductive body of a seed plant. 1
GO:0021744 dorsal motor nucleus of vagus nerve development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve over time, from its formation to the mature structure. 1
GO:0016333 morphogenesis of follicular epithelium The process in which the anatomical structures of a follicular epithelium are generated and organized. 1
GO:0003338 metanephros morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of the metanephros are generated and organized. 1
GO:0048507 meristem development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the meristem over time, from its formation to the mature structure. 1
GO:0060479 lung cell differentiation The process in which relatively unspecialized cells, e.g. embryonic or regenerative cells, acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of a mature cell found in the lung. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate. 1
GO:0007458 progression of morphogenetic furrow involved in compound eye morphogenesis The morphogenetic furrow is a dorsoventral indentation which sweeps anteriorly across the eye disc. Ommatidia begin to form along the furrow, resulting in a graded series of ommatidial development across the anterior/posterior axis of the disc. 1
GO:0021914 negative regulation of smoothened signaling pathway involved in ventral spinal cord patterning Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of smoothened signaling that is involved in the patterns of cell differentiation in the ventral spinal cord. 1
GO:0048917 posterior lateral line ganglion development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the posterior lateral line ganglion over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The posterior lateral line ganglion develops from cranial ectodermal placodes situated behind the ear. 1
GO:0048561 establishment of organ orientation The process that determines the orientation of an organ or tissue with reference to an axis. 1
GO:0048340 paraxial mesoderm morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of the paraxial mesoderm are generated and organized. 1
GO:0021855 hypothalamus cell migration The directed movement of a cell into the hypothalamus region of the forebrain. 1
GO:0035211 spermathecum morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of a spermathecum, a sperm storage organ, are generated and organized. Paired spermathecae lie at the anterior end of the insect uterus on the dorsal side. Each spermatheca consists of an oval shaped capsule, connected to the uterus by a spermathecal stalk. 1
GO:0010084 specification of organ axis polarity The process in which the polarity of an organ axis is specified. 1
GO:0007477 notum development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the dorsal part of the body over time, from its formation to the mature structure. 1