Go terms map to parent GO term: GO:0050877   neurological system process
GOID
Link to GO
 Functional Category Description Protein Count
link to
protein list
GO:0007268 synaptic transmission The process of communication from a neuron to a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) across a synapse. 127
GO:0007605 sensory perception of sound The series of events required for an organism to receive an auditory stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Sonic stimuli are detected in the form of vibrations and are processed to form a sound. 110
GO:0007601 visual perception The series of events required for an organism to receive a visual stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Visual stimuli are detected in the form of photons and are processed to form an image. 70
GO:0007269 neurotransmitter secretion The regulated release of neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft. A neurotransmitter is any of a group of substances that are released on excitation from the axon terminal of a presynaptic neuron of the central or peripheral nervous system and travel across the synaptic cleft to either excite or inhibit the target cell. Among the many substances that have the properties of a neurotransmitter are acetylcholine, noradrenaline, adrenaline, dopamine, glycine, gamma-aminobutyrate, glutamic acid, substance P, enkephalins, endorphins and serotonin. 63
GO:0007274 neuromuscular synaptic transmission The process of communication from a neuron to a muscle, across a synapse. 47
GO:0008355 olfactory learning Any process in an organism in which a relatively long-lasting adaptive behavioral change occurs in response to (repeated) exposure to an olfactory cue. 34
GO:0050957 equilibrioception The series of events required for an organism to receive an orientational stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Equilibrioception refers to a combination of processes by which an organism can perceive its orientation with respect to gravity. In animals, stimuli come from labyrinth system of the inner ears, monitoring the direction of motion; visual stimuli, with information on orientation and motion; pressure receptors, which tell the organism which body surfaces are in contact with the ground; and proprioceptive cues, which report which parts of the body are in motion. 30
GO:0050885 neuromuscular process controlling balance Any process that an organism uses to control its balance, the orientation of the organism (or the head of the organism) in relation to the source of gravity. In humans and animals, balance is perceived through visual cues, the labyrinth system of the inner ears and information from skin pressure receptors and muscle and joint receptors. 27
GO:0007616 long-term memory The memory process that deals with the storage, retrieval and modification of information a long time (typically weeks, months or years) after receiving that information. This type of memory is typically dependent on gene transcription regulated by second messenger activation. 26
GO:0048488 synaptic vesicle endocytosis An endocytosis process that results in the invagination of the axonal plasma membrane to create a membrane-bounded vesicle. This process takes up excess membrane that would otherwise accumulate at the presynaptic terminal due to fusion of vesicle membranes during neurotransmitter release. The vesicles created may subsequently be used for neurotransmitter storage and release. 24
GO:0019233 sensory perception of pain The series of events required for an organism to receive a painful stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Pain is medically defined as the physical sensation of discomfort or distress caused by injury or illness, so can hence be described as a harmful stimulus which signals current (or impending) tissue damage. Pain may come from extremes of temperature, mechanical damage, electricity or from noxious chemical substances. This is a neurological process. 23
GO:0007608 sensory perception of smell The series of events required for an organism to receive an olfactory stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Olfaction involves the detection of chemical composition of an organism's ambient medium by chemoreceptors. This is a neurological process. 23
GO:0008542 visual learning Any process in an organism in which a change in behavior of an individual occurs in response to repeated exposure to a visual cue. 20
GO:0016079 synaptic vesicle exocytosis Fusion of intracellular membrane-bounded vesicles with the pre-synaptic membrane of the neuronal cell resulting in release of neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft. 20
GO:0050807 regulation of synapse organization Any process that modulates the physical form of a synapse, the junction between a neuron and a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell). 20
GO:0008582 regulation of synaptic growth at neuromuscular junction Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic growth at neuromuscular junctions. 19
GO:0007614 short-term memory The memory process that deals with the storage, retrieval and modification of information received a short time (up to about 30 minutes) ago. This type of memory is typically dependent on direct, transient effects of second messenger activation. 19
GO:0048490 anterograde synaptic vesicle transport The directed movement of substances in synaptic membrane-bounded vesicles within the neuron, along the cytoskeleton, away from the neuronal cell body. 18
GO:0007271 synaptic transmission, cholinergic The process of communication from a neuron to a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) across a synapse using the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. 18
GO:0048489 synaptic vesicle transport The directed movement of substances in synaptic membrane-bounded vesicles within the neuron along the cytoskeleton either toward or away from the neuronal cell body. 17
GO:0007600 sensory perception The series of events required for an organism to receive a sensory stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process. 17
GO:0050890 cognition The operation of the mind by which an organism becomes aware of objects of thought or perception; it includes the mental activities associated with thinking, learning, and memory. 17
GO:0007612 learning Any process in an organism in which a relatively long-lasting adaptive behavioral change occurs as the result of experience. 16
GO:0060025 regulation of synaptic activity Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic activity, the controlled release of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft and their subsequent detection by a postsynaptic cell. 16
GO:0050975 sensory perception of touch The series of events required for an organism to receive a touch stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process. The perception of touch in animals is mediated by mechanoreceptors in the skin and mucous membranes and is the sense by which contact with objects gives evidence as to certain of their qualities. Different types of touch can be perceived (for example, light, coarse, pressure and tickling) and the stimulus may be external or internal (e.g. the feeling of a full stomach). 15
GO:0007615 anesthesia-resistant memory The memory process that results in the formation of consolidated memory resistant to disruption of the patterned activity of the brain, without requiring protein synthesis. 15
GO:0050908 detection of light stimulus involved in visual perception The series of events involved in visual perception in which a sensory light stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. 14
GO:0050803 regulation of synapse structure and activity Any process that modulates the physical form or the activity of a synapse, the junction between a neuron and a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell). 14
GO:0045886 negative regulation of synaptic growth at neuromuscular junction Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic growth at neuromuscular junction. 14
GO:0007613 memory The activities involved in the mental information processing system that receives (registers), modifies, stores, and retrieves informational stimuli. The main stages involved in the formation and retrieval of memory are encoding (processing of received information by acquisition), storage (building a permanent record of received information as a result of consolidation) and retrieval (calling back the stored information and use it in a suitable way to execute a given task). 14
GO:0050905 neuromuscular process Any process pertaining to the functions of the nervous and muscular systems of an organism. 13
GO:0008306 associative learning Learning by associating a stimulus (the cause) with a particular outcome (the effect). 13
GO:0042552 myelination The process in which myelin sheaths are formed and maintained around neurons. Oligodendrocytes in the brain and spinal cord and Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system wrap axons with compact layers of their plasma membrane. Adjacent myelin segments are separated by a non-myelinated stretch of axon called a node of Ranvier. 13
GO:0051965 positive regulation of synapse assembly Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of synapse assembly, the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a synapse. 13
GO:0050974 detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception The series of events in which a sensory mechanical stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. 12
GO:0001505 regulation of neurotransmitter levels Any process that modulates levels of neurotransmitter. 12
GO:0051932 synaptic transmission, GABAergic The process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). 11
GO:0002087 regulation of respiratory gaseous exchange by neurological system process A process carried out by the nervous system that is required for the proper control of respiratory gaseous exchange. This process occurs in the respiratory center of the brain in vertebrates. 11
GO:0045494 photoreceptor cell maintenance Any process preventing the degeneration of the photoreceptor, a specialized cell type that is sensitive to light. 11
GO:0045887 positive regulation of synaptic growth at neuromuscular junction Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic growth at neuromuscular junction. 11
GO:0015842 synaptic vesicle amine transport The directed movement of amines into, out of or within synaptic vesicles. 11
GO:0090394 negative regulation of excitatory postsynaptic membrane potential Any process that prevents the establishment or decreases the extent of the excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) which is a temporary increase in postsynaptic potential due to the flow of positively charged ions into the postsynaptic cell. The flow of ions that causes an EPSP is an excitatory postsynaptic current (EPSC) and makes it easier for the neuron to fire an action potential. 10
GO:0001504 neurotransmitter uptake The directed movement of neurotransmitters into neurons or glial cells. This process leads to inactivation and recycling of neurotransmitters. It does not occur during cholinergic synaptic transmission. Instead, acetylcholine is enzymatically degraded in the synaptic cleft. 10
GO:0035249 synaptic transmission, glutamatergic The process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter glutamate. 10
GO:0051835 positive regulation of synapse structural plasticity Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic structural plasticity. 10
GO:0051963 regulation of synapse assembly Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of synapse assembly, the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a synapse. 9
GO:0016183 synaptic vesicle coating A protein coat is added to the synaptic vesicle to form the proper shape of the vesicle and to target the vesicle for transport to its destination. 9
GO:0007611 learning or memory The acquisition and processing of information and/or the storage and retrieval of this information over time. 9
GO:0001580 detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of bitter taste The series of events required for a bitter taste stimulus to be received and converted to a molecular signal. 9
GO:0042136 neurotransmitter biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any of a group of substances that are released on excitation from the axon terminal of a presynaptic neuron of the central or peripheral nervous system and travel across the synaptic cleft to either excite or inhibit the target cell. 7
GO:0016188 synaptic vesicle maturation Steps required to form an initiated synaptic vesicle into a fully formed and transmissible synaptic vesicle. 7
GO:0050916 sensory perception of sweet taste The series of events required to receive a sweet taste stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process. 7
GO:0022011 myelination in peripheral nervous system The process in which neuronal axons and dendrites become coated with a segmented lipid-rich sheath (myelin) to enable faster and more energetically efficient conduction of electrical impulses. The sheath is formed by the cell membranes of Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system. Adjacent myelin segments are separated by a non-myelinated stretch of axon called a node of Ranvier. 7
GO:0001964 startle response An action or movement due to the application of a sudden unexpected stimulus. 7
GO:0050909 sensory perception of taste The series of events required for an organism to receive a gustatory stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Gustation involves the direct detection of chemical composition, usually through contact with chemoreceptor cells. This is a neurological process. 7
GO:0072375 medium-term memory The memory process that deals with the storage, retrieval and modification of information received at a time ago that is intermediate between that of short and long term memory (30min - 7hrs in Drosophila melanogaster). 7
GO:0060079 regulation of excitatory postsynaptic membrane potential Any process that modulates the establishment or extent of the excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) which is a temporary increase in postsynaptic potential due to the flow of positively charged ions into the postsynaptic cell. The flow of ions that causes an EPSP is an excitatory postsynaptic current (EPSC) and makes it easier for the neuron to fire an action potential. 7
GO:0007270 neuron-neuron synaptic transmission The process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse. 6
GO:2000463 positive regulation of excitatory postsynaptic membrane potential Any process that enhances the establishment or increases the extent of the excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) which is a temporary increase in postsynaptic potential due to the flow of positively charged ions into the postsynaptic cell. The flow of ions that causes an EPSP is an excitatory postsynaptic current (EPSC) and makes it easier for the neuron to fire an action potential. 6
GO:0019228 regulation of action potential in neuron The process that modulates the membrane potential involved in the propagation of a signal in a neuron. 6
GO:0046959 habituation A decrease in a behavioral response to a repeated stimulus. This is exemplified by the failure of a person to show a startle response to a loud noise that has been repeatedly presented. 5
GO:0050910 detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception of sound The series of events involved in the perception of sound vibration. The vibration is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. 5
GO:0051935 L-glutamate uptake involved in synaptic transmission The uptake of L-glutamate by neurons or glial cells. This process leads to inactivation and recycling of neurotransmitters. 5
GO:0001661 conditioned taste aversion A conditioned aversion to a specific chemical compound as a result of that compound being coupled with a noxious stimulus. 5
GO:0001963 synaptic transmission, dopaminergic The process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter dopamine. 5
GO:0051823 regulation of synapse structural plasticity Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of synapse structural plasticity. Synapse structural plasticity is a type of cytoskeletal remodeling; this remodeling is induced by stimuli that can lead to long term potentiation and it can be activity-dependent or -independent. Examples of cytoskeletal changes include the formation of new spines and increase in spine size; this can be accompanied by the insertion of greater numbers of glutamate (or other neurotransmitter) receptors into the post-synaptic membrane. 5
GO:0048791 calcium ion-dependent exocytosis of neurotransmitter The release of a neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft, where the release step is dependent on the presence of calcium ions (Ca2+). The neurotransmitter is contained within a membrane-bounded vesicle, and is released by fusion of the vesicle with the presynaptic plasma membrane of a nerve cell. 5
GO:0042062 long-term strengthening of neuromuscular junction Any process that results in an increase in the efficacy of transmission at a neuromuscular synapse. 5
GO:0051610 serotonin uptake The directed movement of serotonin into a cell, typically presynaptic neurons or glial cells. Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) is a monoamine neurotransmitter occurring in the peripheral and central nervous systems. 5
GO:0051583 dopamine uptake involved in synaptic transmission The directed movement of dopamine into a presynaptic neuron or glial cell. In this context, dopamine is a catecholamine neurotransmitter and a metabolic precursor of noradrenaline and adrenaline. 5
GO:0016081 synaptic vesicle docking involved in exocytosis The initial attachment of a synaptic vesicle membrane to the presynaptic membrane, mediated by proteins protruding from the membrane of the synaptic vesicle and the target membrane. 5
GO:0060134 prepulse inhibition The process in which a startle magnitude is reduced when the startling stimulus is preceded by a low-intensity prepulse. 5
GO:0060084 synaptic transmission involved in micturition The process of communication from a neuron to a smooth muscle in the bladder that contributes to the expulsion of urine from the body. 4
GO:0042133 neurotransmitter metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving neurotransmitters, any of a group of substances that are released on excitation from the axon terminal of a presynaptic neuron of the central or peripheral nervous system and travel across the synaptic cleft to either excite or inhibit the target cell. 4
GO:0050954 sensory perception of mechanical stimulus The series of events required for an organism to receive a sensory mechanical stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process. 4
GO:0060078 regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential Any process that modulates the establishment or extent of the postsynaptic membrane potential, which is generated by changes in the membrane potential of the post synaptic neuron that receives information at a synapse. The presynaptic neuron releases neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft which bind to receptors on the postsynaptic neuron. After being bound by the neurotransmitters, these receptors can open or close an ion channel, allowing ions to enter or leave the cell and therefore altering the membrane potential of the postsynaptic neuron. 4
GO:0008366 axon ensheathment Any process in which the axon of a neuron is insulated, and that insulation maintained, thereby preventing dispersion of the electrical signal. 4
GO:0090129 positive regulation of synapse maturation Any process that increases the extent of synapse maturation, the process that organizes a synapse so that it attains its fully functional state. 4
GO:0051964 negative regulation of synapse assembly Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of synapse assembly, the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a synapse. 4
GO:0022010 central nervous system myelination The process in which neuronal axons and dendrites become coated with a segmented lipid-rich sheath (myelin) to enable faster and more energetically efficient conduction of electrical impulses. The sheath is formed by the cell membranes of oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system. Adjacent myelin segments are separated by a non-myelinated stretch of axon called a node of Ranvier. 4
GO:0019226 transmission of nerve impulse The neurological system process in which a signal is transmitted through the nervous system by synaptic transmission and the sequential electrochemical polarization and depolarization that travels across the membrane of a nerve cell (neuron) in response to stimulation. 3
GO:0050973 detection of mechanical stimulus involved in equilibrioception The series of events involved in equilibrioception in which a sensory mechanical stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. During equilibrioception, mechanical stimuli may be in the form of input from pressure receptors or from the labyrinth system of the inner ears. 3
GO:0035106 operant conditioning Learning to anticipate future events on the basis of past experience with the consequences of one's own behavior. 3
GO:0045213 neurotransmitter receptor metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving neurotransmitter receptors. 3
GO:0050976 detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception of touch The series of events involved in the perception of touch in which a sensory mechanical stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. 3
GO:0006581 acetylcholine catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetylcholine, the acetic acid ester of the organic base choline. 3
GO:2000331 regulation of terminal button organization Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of terminal button organization. 3
GO:0050955 thermoception The series of events required for an organism to receive a temperature stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Thermoception in larger animals is mainly done in the skin; mammals have at least two types of sensor, for detecting heat (temperatures above body temperature) and cold (temperatures below body temperature). 2
GO:0051355 proprioception involved in equilibrioception The series of events contributing to equilibrioception by which an organism senses the position, location, orientation, and movement of the body and its parts. Proprioception plays an important role in the ability of an organism to perceive its orientation with respect to gravity. 2
GO:0060080 regulation of inhibitory postsynaptic membrane potential Any process that modulates the establishment or extent of the inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP) which is a temporary decrease in postsynaptic membrane potential due to the flow of negatively charged ions into the postsynaptic cell. The flow of ions that causes an IPSP is an inhibitory postsynaptic current (IPSC) and makes it more difficult for the neuron to fire an action potential. 2
GO:0016080 synaptic vesicle targeting The process in which synaptic vesicles are directed to specific destination membranes, mediated by molecules at the vesicle membrane and target membrane surfaces. 2
GO:0050913 sensory perception of bitter taste The series of events required to receive a bitter taste stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process. 2
GO:0008292 acetylcholine biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acetylcholine, the acetic acid ester of the organic base choline. 2
GO:0050917 sensory perception of umami taste The series of events required to receive an umami taste stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Umami taste is the savory taste of meats and other foods that are rich in glutamates. This is a neurological process. 2
GO:0045212 neurotransmitter receptor biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of neurotransmitter receptors. 2
GO:0019227 neuronal action potential propagation A neurological process that causes the sequential depolarization of a neuron's cell membrane along an axon. 2
GO:0031629 synaptic vesicle fusion to presynaptic membrane Fusion of the membrane of a synaptic vesicle with its target presynaptic membrane, thereby releasing its cargo neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft. 2
GO:0016082 synaptic vesicle priming The formation of SNARE-containing complexes, bringing synaptic vesicle membrane and plasma membranes into close proximity and thereby facilitating membrane fusion. 2
GO:0042297 vocal learning A behavioral process whose outcome is a relatively long-lasting adaptive behavioral change whereby an organism modifies innate vocalizations to imitate or create new sounds. 2
GO:0050911 detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of smell The series of events involved in the perception of smell in which an olfactory chemical stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. 2
GO:0032287 peripheral nervous system myelin maintenance The process in which the structure and material content of mature peripheral nervous system myelin is kept in a functional state. 1
GO:0048914 myelination of anterior lateral line nerve axons The formation of compact myelin sheaths around the axons of the anterior lateral line nerve. 1
GO:0030913 paranodal junction assembly Formation of the junction between an axon and the glial cell that forms the myelin sheath. Paranodal junctions form at each paranode, i.e. at the ends of the unmyelinated nodes of Ranvier. 1
GO:0048932 myelination of posterior lateral line nerve axons The formation of compact myelin sheaths around the axons of the posterior lateral line nerve. 1
GO:2000297 negative regulation of synapse maturation Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of synapse maturation. 1
GO:0003069 vasodilation by acetylcholine involved in regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure The process in which acetylcholine signaling causes vasodilation, resulting in a change in blood pressure. 1
GO:0050966 detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception of pain The series of events involved in the perception of pain in which a sensory mechanical stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. 1
GO:0016191 synaptic vesicle uncoating The removal of the protein coat on a synaptic vesicle. 1
GO:0001976 neurological system process involved in regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure The regulation of blood pressure mediated by detection of stimuli and a neurological response. 1
GO:0050884 neuromuscular process controlling posture Any process in which an organism voluntarily modulates its posture, the alignment of its anatomical parts. 1
GO:0032288 myelin assembly The process in which the wraps of cell membrane that constitute myelin are laid down around an axon in the central or peripheral nervous system. 1
GO:0002035 brain renin-angiotensin system The process in which an angiotensin-mediated signaling system present in the brain regulates the force with which blood passes through the circulatory system. 1
GO:0046333 octopamine metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving octopamine, 1-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-2-aminoethanol. The D enantiomer is about one-tenth as active as norepinephrine and is found in the salivary glands of Octopus and Eledone species. 1
GO:0002014 vasoconstriction of artery involved in ischemic response to lowering of systemic arterial blood pressure The vasoconstriction that is triggered by vasomotor excitation resulting from the detection of high carbon dioxide levels in the vasomotor center of the central nervous system. 1
GO:0016185 synaptic vesicle budding from presynaptic membrane Evagination of the presynaptic membrane, resulting in the formation of a new synaptic vesicle. 1
GO:0050912 detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of taste The series of events involved in the perception of taste in which a gustatory chemical stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. 1
GO:0007606 sensory perception of chemical stimulus The series of events required for an organism to receive a sensory chemical stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process. 1
GO:0050965 detection of temperature stimulus involved in sensory perception of pain The series of events involved in the perception of pain in which a sensory temperature stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. 1
GO:0042135 neurotransmitter catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any of a group of substances that are released on excitation from the axon terminal of a presynaptic neuron of the central or peripheral nervous system and travel across the synaptic cleft to either excite or inhibit the target cell. 1