| GOID Link to GO |
Functional Category | Description | Protein Count link to protein list |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0006084 | acetyl-CoA metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving acetyl-CoA, a derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is acetylated; it is a metabolite derived from several pathways (e.g. glycolysis, fatty acid oxidation, amino-acid catabolism) and is further metabolized by the tricarboxylic acid cycle. It is a key intermediate in lipid and terpenoid biosynthesis. | 19 |
| GO:0006734 | NADH metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), a coenzyme present in most living cells and derived from the B vitamin nicotinic acid. | 14 |
| GO:0006637 | acyl-CoA metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving acyl-CoA, any derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is in thiolester linkage with an acyl group. | 13 |
| GO:0070995 | NADPH oxidation | A metabolic process that results in the oxidation of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, NADPH, to the oxidized form, NADP. | 12 |
| GO:0006098 | pentose-phosphate shunt | The process in which glucose is oxidized, coupled to NADPH synthesis. Glucose 6-P is oxidized with the formation of carbon dioxide (CO2), ribulose 5-phosphate and reduced NADP; ribulose 5-P then enters a series of reactions interconverting sugar phosphates. The pentose phosphate pathway is a major source of reducing equivalents for biosynthesis reactions and is also important for the conversion of hexoses to pentoses. | 12 |
| GO:0006086 | acetyl-CoA biosynthetic process from pyruvate | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acetyl-CoA from pyruvate. | 10 |
| GO:0035338 | long-chain fatty-acyl-CoA biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a long-chain fatty-acyl-CoA any derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is in a thioester linkage with a long-chain fatty-acyl group. Long-chain fatty-acyl-CoAs have chain lengths of C13 or more. | 10 |
| GO:0035336 | long-chain fatty-acyl-CoA metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving long-chain fatty-acyl-CoAs, any derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is in a thioester linkage with a long-chain fatty-acyl group. Long-chain fatty-acyl-CoAs have chain lengths of C13 or more. | 8 |
| GO:0006085 | acetyl-CoA biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acetyl-CoA, a derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is acetylated. | 8 |
| GO:0006116 | NADH oxidation | A metabolic process that results in the oxidation of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, NADH, to the oxidized form, NAD. | 7 |
| GO:0006783 | heme biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of heme, any compound of iron complexed in a porphyrin (tetrapyrrole) ring, from less complex precursors. | 7 |
| GO:0006104 | succinyl-CoA metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving succinyl-CoA, a compound composed of the monovalent acyl group 3-carboxypropanoyl, derived from succinic acid by loss of one OH group, linked to coenzyme A. | 7 |
| GO:0009052 | pentose-phosphate shunt, non-oxidative branch | The branch of the pentose-phosphate shunt which does not involve oxidation reactions. It comprises a series of sugar phosphate interconversions, starting with ribulose 5-P and producing fructose 6-P and glyceraldehyde 3-P. | 6 |
| GO:0046500 | S-adenosylmethionine metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving S-adenosylmethionine, S-(5'-adenosyl)-L-methionine, an important intermediate in one-carbon metabolism. | 6 |
| GO:0006740 | NADPH regeneration | A metabolic process that generates a pool of NADPH by the reduction of NADP+. | 6 |
| GO:0042375 | quinone cofactor metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving quinone cofactors. | 5 |
| GO:0006744 | ubiquinone biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ubiquinone, a lipid-soluble electron-transporting coenzyme. | 5 |
| GO:0009107 | lipoate biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lipoate, 1,2-dithiolane-3-pentanoate, the anion derived from lipoic acid. | 5 |
| GO:0019674 | NAD metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), a coenzyme present in most living cells and derived from the B vitamin nicotinic acid. | 5 |
| GO:0009435 | NAD biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, a coenzyme present in most living cells and derived from the B vitamin nicotinic acid; biosynthesis may be of either the oxidized form, NAD, or the reduced form, NADH. | 5 |
| GO:0006779 | porphyrin-containing compound biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any member of a large group of derivatives or analogs of porphyrin. Porphyrin consists of a ring of four pyrrole nuclei linked each to the next at their alpha positions through a methine group. | 5 |
| GO:0046656 | folic acid biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of folic acid, pteroylglutamic acid. | 4 |
| GO:0036112 | medium-chain fatty-acyl-CoA metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving medium-chain fatty-acyl-CoAs, any derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is in a thioester linkage with a long-chain fatty-acyl group. A medium-chain fatty acid is a fatty acid with a chain length of between C6 and C12. | 4 |
| GO:0015939 | pantothenate metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving pantothenate, the anion of pantothenic acid, the amide of beta-alanine and pantoic acid. It is a B complex vitamin that is a constituent of coenzyme A and is distributed ubiquitously in foods. | 4 |
| GO:0006777 | Mo-molybdopterin cofactor biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the Mo-molybdopterin cofactor, essential for the catalytic activity of some enzymes. The cofactor consists of a mononuclear molybdenum (Mo) ion coordinated by one or two molybdopterin ligands. | 4 |
| GO:0046949 | fatty-acyl-CoA biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a fatty-acyl-CoA, any derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is in thiolester linkage with a fatty-acyl group. | 4 |
| GO:0015937 | coenzyme A biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of coenzyme A, 3'-phosphoadenosine-(5')diphospho(4')pantatheine, an acyl carrier in many acylation and acyl-transfer reactions in which the intermediate is a thiol ester. | 4 |
| GO:0036111 | very long-chain fatty-acyl-CoA metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving very long-chain fatty-acyl-CoAs, any derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is in a thioester linkage with a medium-chain fatty-acyl group. A very long-chain fatty acid is a fatty acid which has a chain length greater than C22. | 4 |
| GO:0009102 | biotin biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of biotin, cis-tetrahydro-2-oxothieno(3,4-d)imidazoline-4-valeric acid. | 4 |
| GO:0046653 | tetrahydrofolate metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving tetrahydrofolate, 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolic acid, a folate derivative bearing additional hydrogens on the pterin group. | 4 |
| GO:0006760 | folic acid-containing compound metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving a folic acid-containing compound, i.e. any of a group of heterocyclic compounds based on the pteroic acid skeleton conjugated with one or more L-glutamic acid or L-glutamate units. | 3 |
| GO:0046502 | uroporphyrinogen III metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving uroporphyrinogen III, a precursor for synthesis of vitamin B12, chlorophyll, and heme in organisms that produce these compounds. | 3 |
| GO:0009051 | pentose-phosphate shunt, oxidative branch | The branch of the pentose-phosphate shunt which involves the oxidation of glucose 6-P and produces ribulose 5-P, reduced NADP+ and carbon dioxide (CO2). | 3 |
| GO:0046654 | tetrahydrofolate biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tetrahydrofolate, 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolic acid, a folate derivative bearing additional hydrogens on the pterin group. | 3 |
| GO:0009257 | 10-formyltetrahydrofolate biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 10-formyltetrahydrofolate, the formylated derivative of tetrahydrofolate. | 3 |
| GO:0006729 | tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tetrahydrobiopterin, the reduced form of biopterin (2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-(1,2-dihydroxypropyl)-pteridine). It functions as a hydroxylation coenzyme, e.g. in the conversion of phenylalanine to tyrosine. | 3 |
| GO:0015936 | coenzyme A metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving coenzyme A, 3'-phosphoadenosine-(5')diphospho(4')pantatheine, an acyl carrier in many acylation and acyl-transfer reactions in which the intermediate is a thiol ester. | 3 |
| GO:0006739 | NADP metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate, a coenzyme involved in many redox and biosynthetic reactions; metabolism may be of either the oxidized form, NADP, or the reduced form, NADPH. | 3 |
| GO:0071616 | acyl-CoA biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acyl-CoA, any derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is in thiolester linkage with an acyl group. | 3 |
| GO:0006741 | NADP biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate, a coenzyme involved in many redox and biosynthetic reactions; biosynthesis may be of either the oxidized form, NADP, or the reduced form, NADPH. | 2 |
| GO:0046146 | tetrahydrobiopterin metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving tetrahydrobiopterin, the reduced form of biopterin (2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-(1,2-dihydroxypropyl)-pteridine). It functions as a hydroxylation coenzyme, e.g. in the conversion of phenylalanine to tyrosine. | 2 |
| GO:0015940 | pantothenate biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pantothenate, the anion of pantothenic acid. It is a B complex vitamin that is a constituent of coenzyme A and is distributed ubiquitously in foods. | 2 |
| GO:0051188 | cofactor biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a cofactor, a substance that is required for the activity of an enzyme or other protein. | 2 |
| GO:0042168 | heme metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving heme, any compound of iron complexed in a porphyrin (tetrapyrrole) ring. | 2 |
| GO:0046655 | folic acid metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving folic acid, pteroylglutamic acid. Folic acid is widely distributed as a member of the vitamin B complex and is essential for the synthesis of purine and pyrimidines. | 2 |
| GO:0042373 | vitamin K metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving any of the forms of vitamin K, quinone-derived vitamins which are involved in the synthesis of blood-clotting factors in mammals. Vitamin K substances share a methylated naphthoquinone ring structure and vary in the aliphatic side chains attached to the molecule. | 2 |
| GO:0019442 | tryptophan catabolic process to acetyl-CoA | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of tryptophan into other compounds, including acetyl-CoA. | 2 |
| GO:0006556 | S-adenosylmethionine biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of S-adenosylmethionine, S-(5'-adenosyl)-L-methionine, an important intermediate in one-carbon metabolism. | 2 |
| GO:0009239 | enterobactin biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of enterobactin, a catechol-derived siderochrome of Enterobacteria; enterobactin (N',N',N''-(2,6,10-trioxo-1,5,9-triacyclodecane-3,7,11-triyl)tris(2,3-dihydroxy)benzamide) is a self-triester of 2,3-dihydroxy-N-benzoyl-L-serine and a product of the shikimate pathway. | 2 |
| GO:0051187 | cofactor catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a cofactor, a substance that is required for the activity of an enzyme or other protein. | 2 |
| GO:0009106 | lipoate metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving lipoate, 1,2-dithiolane-3-pentanoate, the anion derived from lipoic acid. | 2 |
| GO:0042167 | heme catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of heme, any compound of iron complexed in a porphyrin (tetrapyrrole) ring. | 2 |
| GO:0042823 | pyridoxal phosphate biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyridoxal phosphate, pyridoxal phosphorylated at the hydroxymethyl group of C-5, the active form of vitamin B6. | 2 |
| GO:0009258 | 10-formyltetrahydrofolate catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 10-formyltetrahydrofolate, the formylated derivative of tetrahydrofolate. | 1 |
| GO:0033353 | S-adenosylmethionine cycle | A cyclic series of interconversions involving S-adenosylmethionine, S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine, L-cysteine, and L-methionine. Couples utilization of the methyl group of SAM with recycling of the homocysteinyl group and regeneration of methionine. | 1 |
| GO:0046452 | dihydrofolate metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving dihydrofolate, the dihydroxylated derivative of folate. | 1 |
| GO:0051068 | dihydrolipoamide metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving dihydrolipoamide, the reduced form of lipoamide, produced as an intermediate in the reactions in which lipoamide acts as a cofactor. | 1 |
| GO:0032324 | molybdopterin cofactor biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the molybdopterin cofactor (Moco), essential for the catalytic activity of some enzymes, e.g. sulfite oxidase, xanthine dehydrogenase, and aldehyde oxidase. The cofactor consists of a mononuclear molybdenum (Mo-molybdopterin) or tungsten ion (W-molybdopterin) coordinated by one or two molybdopterin ligands. | 1 |
| GO:0042371 | vitamin K biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any of the forms of vitamin K, quinone-derived vitamins which are involved in the synthesis of blood-clotting factors in mammals. | 1 |
| GO:0006732 | coenzyme metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving coenzymes, any of various nonprotein organic cofactors that are required, in addition to an enzyme and a substrate, for an enzymatic reaction to proceed. | 1 |
| GO:2001295 | malonyl-CoA biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of malonyl-CoA, the S-malonyl derivative of coenzyme A. | 1 |
| GO:0015996 | chlorophyll catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of chlorophyll, any compound of magnesium complexed in a porphyrin (tetrapyrrole) ring and which functions as a photosynthetic pigment, into less complex products. | 1 |
| GO:0006735 | NADH regeneration | A metabolic process that generates a pool of NADH by the reduction of NAD+. | 1 |
| GO:0035999 | tetrahydrofolate interconversion | The chemical reactions and pathways by which one-carbon (C1) units are transferred between tetrahydrofolate molecules, to synthesise other tetrahydrofolate molecules. | 1 |
| GO:0034356 | NAD biosynthesis via nicotinamide riboside salvage pathway | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) from the vitamin precursor nicotinamide riboside. | 1 |
| GO:0009108 | coenzyme biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of coenzymes, any of various nonprotein organic cofactors that are required, in addition to an enzyme and a substrate, for an enzymatic reaction to proceed. | 1 |
| GO:0035998 | 7,8-dihydroneopterin 3'-triphosphate biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 7,8-dihydroneopterin 3'-triphosphate. | 1 |
| GO:0015995 | chlorophyll biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of chlorophyll, any compound of magnesium complexed in a porphyrin (tetrapyrrole) ring and which functions as a photosynthetic pigment, from less complex precursors. | 1 |
| GO:0019427 | acetyl-CoA biosynthetic process from acetate | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acetyl-CoA from acetate, either directly or via acetylphosphate. | 1 |
| GO:0050843 | S-adenosylmethionine catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of S-adenosylmethionine, S-(5'-adenosyl)-L-methionine, an important intermediate in one-carbon metabolism. | 1 |
| GO:0006782 | protoporphyrinogen IX biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of protoporphyrinogen IX. | 1 |
| GO:0046501 | protoporphyrinogen IX metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving protoporphyrinogen IX, the specific substrate for the enzyme ferrochelatase, which catalyzes the insertion of iron to form protoheme. It is probably also the substrate for chlorophyll formation. | 1 |
| GO:0009443 | pyridoxal 5'-phosphate salvage | Any process that generates pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, the active form of vitamin B6, from derivatives of it without de novo synthesis. | 1 |
| GO:0006781 | succinyl-CoA pathway | The chemical reactions that utilize succinyl-CoA in the synthesis of protoporphyrin IX. | 1 |
| GO:0046900 | tetrahydrofolylpolyglutamate metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving tetrahydrofolylpolyglutamate, a folate derivative comprising tetrahydrofolate attached to a chain of glutamate residues. | 1 |
| GO:0019287 | isopentenyl diphosphate biosynthetic process, mevalonate pathway | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of isopentenyl diphosphate, via the intermediate mevalonate. This pathway converts acetate, in the form of acetyl-CoA, to isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP), the fundamental unit in isoprenoid biosynthesis, through a series of mevalonate intermediates. | 1 |
| GO:0006778 | porphyrin-containing compound metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving any member of a large group of derivatives or analogs of porphyrin. Porphyrins consists of a ring of four pyrrole nuclei linked each to the next at their alpha positions through a methine group. | 1 |
| GO:0043545 | molybdopterin cofactor metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving the molybdopterin cofactor (Moco), essential for the catalytic activity of some enzymes, e.g. sulfite oxidase, xanthine dehydrogenase, and aldehyde oxidase. The cofactor consists of a mononuclear molybdenum (Mo-molybdopterin) or tungsten ion (W-molybdopterin) coordinated by one or two molybdopterin ligands. | 1 |
| GO:0046496 | nicotinamide nucleotide metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving nicotinamide nucleotides, any nucleotide that contains combined nicotinamide. | 1 |
| GO:0006789 | bilirubin conjugation | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of bilirubin monoglucuronide or bilirubin diglucuronide, water-soluble derivatives of bilirubin. | 1 |
| GO:0042376 | phylloquinone catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phylloquinone, vitamin K1, a quinone-derived compound synthesized by green plants. | 1 |
| GO:0048034 | heme O biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of heme O, a derivative of heme containing a 17-carbon hydroxyethylfarnesyl side chain at position 8 of the tetrapyrrole macrocycle. | 1 |
| GO:0006784 | heme a biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of heme a, a derivative of heme found in cytochrome aa3. | 1 |